1
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Twentyman J, Emerman M, Ohainle M. Capsid-dependent lentiviral restrictions. J Virol 2024; 98:e0030824. [PMID: 38497663 PMCID: PMC11019884 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00308-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Host antiviral proteins inhibit primate lentiviruses and other retroviruses by targeting many features of the viral life cycle. The lentiviral capsid protein and the assembled viral core are known to be inhibited through multiple, directly acting antiviral proteins. Several phenotypes, including those known as Lv1 through Lv5, have been described as cell type-specific blocks to infection against some but not all primate lentiviruses. Here we review important features of known capsid-targeting blocks to infection together with several blocks to infection for which the genes responsible for the inhibition still remain to be identified. We outline the features of these blocks as well as how current methodologies are now well suited to find these antiviral genes and solve these long-standing mysteries in the HIV and retrovirology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Twentyman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Molly Ohainle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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2
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Loos P, Short L, Savage G, Evgin L. Expansion and Retroviral Transduction of Primary Murine T Cells for CAR T-Cell Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2748:41-53. [PMID: 38070106 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3593-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has been a revolutionary technology for the treatment of relapsed and refractory leukemias and lymphomas. The synthetic CAR molecule redirects T cell function toward tumor surface-expressed antigens through a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) fused to CD3z and intracellular costimulatory domains. Here, we describe a protocol for the generation of CAR T cells using primary mouse T cells and a gammaretroviral vector encoding a CAR transgene. This protocol outlines several transduction and expansion methods based on the use of two transduction enhancers, RetroNectin® and Vectofusin®-1, and cell culture systems such as conventional plates or G-Rex® devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Loos
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lauralie Short
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gillian Savage
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Evgin
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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Rive CM, Yung E, Dreolini L, Brown SD, May CG, Woodsworth DJ, Holt RA. Selective B cell depletion upon intravenous infusion of replication-incompetent anti-CD19 CAR lentivirus. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:4-14. [PMID: 35755944 PMCID: PMC9198363 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy for B cell malignancies has shown clinical success, but a major limitation is the logistical complexity and high cost of manufacturing autologous cell products. If engineered for improved safety, direct infusion of viral gene transfer vectors to initiate in vivo CAR-T transduction, expansion, and anti-tumor activity could provide an alternative, universal approach. To explore this approach we administered approximately 20 million replication-incompetent vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) lentiviral particles carrying an anti-CD19CAR-2A-GFP transgene comprising either an FMC63 (human) or 1D3 (murine) anti-CD19 binding domain, or a GFP-only control transgene, to wild-type C57BL/6 mice by tail vein infusion. The dynamics of immune cell subsets isolated from peripheral blood were monitored at weekly intervals. We saw emergence of a persistent CAR-transduced CD3+ T cell population beginning week 3-4 that reaching a maximum of 13.5% ± 0.58% (mean ± SD) and 7.8% ± 0.76% of the peripheral blood CD3+ T cell population in mice infused with ID3-CAR or FMC63-CAR lentivector, respectively, followed by a rapid decline in each case of the B cell content of peripheral blood. Complete B cell aplasia was apparent by week 5 and was sustained until the end of the protocol (week 8). No significant CAR-positive populations were observed within other immune cell subsets or other tissues. These results indicate that direct intravenous infusion of conventional VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral particles carrying a CD19 CAR transgene can transduce T cells that then fully ablate endogenous B cells in wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M. Rive
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Lisa Dreolini
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Scott D. Brown
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Christopher G. May
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Woodsworth
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Robert A. Holt
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Corresponding author Robert A. Holt, PhD, Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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4
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Michels A, Frank AM, Günther DM, Mataei M, Börner K, Grimm D, Hartmann J, Buchholz CJ. Lentiviral and adeno-associated vectors efficiently transduce mouse T lymphocytes when targeted to murine CD8. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:334-347. [PMID: 34729380 PMCID: PMC8531454 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies on gene delivery into mouse lymphocytes are often hampered by insufficient activity of lentiviral (LV) and adeno-associated vectors (AAVs) as well as missing tools for cell type selectivity when considering in vivo gene therapy. Here, we selected designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) binding to murine CD8. The top-performing DARPin was displayed as targeting ligand on both vector systems. When used on engineered measles virus (MV) glycoproteins, the resulting mCD8-LV transduced CD8+ mouse lymphocytes with near-absolute (>99%) selectivity. Despite its lower functional titer, mCD8-LV achieved 4-fold higher gene delivery to CD8+ cells than conventional VSV-LV when added to whole mouse blood. Addition of mCD8-LV encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for mouse CD19 to splenocytes resulted in elimination of B lymphocytes and lymphoma cells. For display on AAV, the DARPin was inserted into the GH2-GH3 loop of the AAV2 capsid protein VP1, resulting in a DARPin-targeted AAV we termed DART-AAV. Stocks of mCD8-AAV contained similar genome copies as AAV2 but were >20-fold more active in gene delivery in mouse splenocytes, while exhibiting >99% specificity for CD8+ cells. These results suggest that receptor targeting can overcome blocks in transduction of mouse splenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Michels
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Annika M Frank
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Dorothee M Günther
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.,Fries Lab, Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mehryad Mataei
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Kathleen Börner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
| | - Jessica Hartmann
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Christian J Buchholz
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.,Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
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5
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Komorizono R, Sassa Y, Horie M, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Evolutionary Selection of the Nuclear Localization Signal in the Viral Nucleoprotein Leads to Host Adaptation of the Genus Orthobornavirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111291. [PMID: 33187187 PMCID: PMC7698282 DOI: 10.3390/v12111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of the viral life cycle to host cells is necessary for efficient viral infection and replication. This evolutionary process has contributed to the mechanism for determining the host range of viruses. Orthobornaviruses, members of the family Bornaviridae, are non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, and several genotypes have been isolated from different vertebrate species. Previous studies revealed that some genotypes isolated from avian species can replicate in mammalian cell lines, suggesting the zoonotic potential of avian orthobornaviruses. However, the mechanism by which the host specificity of orthobornaviruses is determined has not yet been identified. In this study, we found that the infectivity of orthobornaviruses is not determined at the viral entry step, mediated by the viral glycoprotein and matrix protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence in the viral nucleoprotein (N) has evolved under natural selection and determines the host-specific viral polymerase activity. A chimeric mammalian orthobornavirus, which has the NLS sequence of avian orthobornavirus N, exhibited a reduced propagation efficiency in mammalian cells. Our findings indicated that nuclear transport of the viral N is a determinant of the host range of orthobornaviruses, providing insights into the evolution and host adaptation of orthobornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Komorizono
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sassa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (K.T.)
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6
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Lanitis E, Rota G, Kosti P, Ronet C, Spill A, Seijo B, Romero P, Dangaj D, Coukos G, Irving M. Optimized gene engineering of murine CAR-T cells reveals the beneficial effects of IL-15 coexpression. J Exp Med 2020; 218:211522. [PMID: 33156338 PMCID: PMC7653685 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited clinical benefit has been demonstrated for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy of solid tumors, but coengineering strategies to generate so-called fourth-generation (4G) CAR-T cells are advancing toward overcoming barriers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) for improved responses. In large part due to technical challenges, there are relatively few preclinical CAR therapy studies in immunocompetent, syngeneic tumor-bearing mice. Here, we describe optimized methods for the efficient retroviral transduction and expansion of murine T lymphocytes of a predominantly central memory T cell (TCM cell) phenotype. We present a bicistronic retroviral vector encoding both a tumor vasculature–targeted CAR and murine interleukin-15 (mIL-15), conferring enhanced effector functions, engraftment, tumor control, and TME reprogramming, including NK cell activation and reduced presence of M2 macrophages. The 4G-CAR-T cells coexpressing mIL-15 were further characterized by up-regulation of the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 and lower cell-surface expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1. Overall, this work introduces robust tools for the development and evaluation of 4G-CAR-T cells in immunocompetent mice, an important step toward the acceleration of effective therapies reaching the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evripidis Lanitis
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Rota
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paris Kosti
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Ronet
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bili Seijo
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Elsner C, Ponnurangam A, Kazmierski J, Zillinger T, Jansen J, Todt D, Döhner K, Xu S, Ducroux A, Kriedemann N, Malassa A, Larsen PK, Hartmann G, Barchet W, Steinmann E, Kalinke U, Sodeik B, Goffinet C. Absence of cGAS-mediated type I IFN responses in HIV-1-infected T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19475-19486. [PMID: 32709741 PMCID: PMC7431009 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002481117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA sensor cGAS catalyzes the production of the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP, resulting in type I interferon responses. We addressed the functionality of cGAS-mediated DNA sensing in human and murine T cells. Activated primary CD4+ T cells expressed cGAS and responded to plasmid DNA by upregulation of ISGs and release of bioactive interferon. In mouse T cells, cGAS KO ablated sensing of plasmid DNA, and TREX1 KO enabled cells to sense short immunostimulatory DNA. Expression of IFIT1 and MX2 was downregulated and upregulated in cGAS KO and TREX1 KO T cell lines, respectively, compared to parental cells. Despite their intact cGAS sensing pathway, human CD4+ T cells failed to mount a reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor-sensitive immune response following HIV-1 infection. In contrast, infection of human T cells with HSV-1 that is functionally deficient for the cGAS antagonist pUL41 (HSV-1ΔUL41N) resulted in a cGAS-dependent type I interferon response. In accordance with our results in primary CD4+ T cells, plasmid challenge or HSV-1ΔUL41N inoculation of T cell lines provoked an entirely cGAS-dependent type I interferon response, including IRF3 phosphorylation and expression of ISGs. In contrast, no RT-dependent interferon response was detected following transduction of T cell lines with VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral or gammaretroviral particles. Together, T cells are capable to raise a cGAS-dependent cell-intrinsic response to both plasmid DNA challenge or inoculation with HSV-1ΔUL41N. However, HIV-1 infection does not appear to trigger cGAS-mediated sensing of viral DNA in T cells, possibly by revealing viral DNA of insufficient quantity, length, and/or accessibility to cGAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Elsner
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aparna Ponnurangam
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Julia Kazmierski
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Katinka Döhner
- Institute of Virology, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Shuting Xu
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Aurélie Ducroux
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Nils Kriedemann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Angelina Malassa
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Pia-Katharina Larsen
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, 50935 Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (Excellence Cluster 2155), Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hanover, Germany;
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Delville M, Soheili T, Bellier F, Durand A, Denis A, Lagresle-Peyrou C, Cavazzana M, Andre-Schmutz I, Six E. A Nontoxic Transduction Enhancer Enables Highly Efficient Lentiviral Transduction of Primary Murine T Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:341-347. [PMID: 30191160 PMCID: PMC6125771 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have emerged as an efficient, safe therapeutic tool for gene therapy based on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or T cells. However, the monitoring of transduced cells in preclinical models remains challenging because of the inefficient transduction of murine primary T cells with lentiviral vectors, in contrast to gammaretroviral vectors. The use of this later in preclinical proof of concept is not considered as relevant when a lentiviral vector will be used in a clinical trial. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient transduction protocol for murine cells with lentiviral vectors. Here, we describe an optimized protocol in which a nontoxic transduction enhancer (Lentiboost) enables the efficient transduction of primary murine T cells with lentiviral vectors. The optimized protocol combines low toxicity and high transduction efficiency. We achieved a high-level transduction of murine CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with a VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vector with no changes in the phenotypes of transduced T cells, which were stable and long-lived in culture. This enhancer also increased the transduction of murine HSCs. Hence, use of this new transduction enhancer overcomes the limitations of lentiviral vectors in preclinical experiments and should facilitate the translation of strategies based on lentiviral vectors from the bench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Delville
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Apheresis and Biotherapy Department, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
| | - Tayebeh Soheili
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Apheresis and Biotherapy Department, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
| | - Florence Bellier
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Durand
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Denis
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Apheresis and Biotherapy Department, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Andre-Schmutz
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Six
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
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9
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Gu CJ, Borjabad A, Hadas E, Kelschenbach J, Kim BH, Chao W, Arancio O, Suh J, Polsky B, McMillan J, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE, Potash MJ, Volsky DJ. EcoHIV infection of mice establishes latent viral reservoirs in T cells and active viral reservoirs in macrophages that are sufficient for induction of neurocognitive impairment. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007061. [PMID: 29879225 PMCID: PMC5991655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppression of HIV replication by antiretroviral therapy (ART) or host immunity can prevent AIDS but not other HIV-associated conditions including neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI). Pathogenesis in HIV-suppressed individuals has been attributed to reservoirs of latent-inducible virus in resting CD4+ T cells. Macrophages are persistently infected with HIV but their role as HIV reservoirs in vivo has not been fully explored. Here we show that infection of conventional mice with chimeric HIV, EcoHIV, reproduces physiological conditions for development of disease in people on ART including immunocompetence, stable suppression of HIV replication, persistence of integrated, replication-competent HIV in T cells and macrophages, and manifestation of learning and memory deficits in behavioral tests, termed here murine HIV-NCI. EcoHIV established latent reservoirs in CD4+ T lymphocytes in chronically-infected mice but could be induced by epigenetic modulators ex vivo and in mice. In contrast, macrophages expressed EcoHIV constitutively in mice for up to 16 months; murine leukemia virus (MLV), the donor of gp80 envelope in EcoHIV, did not infect macrophages. Both EcoHIV and MLV were found in brain tissue of infected mice but only EcoHIV induced NCI. Murine HIV-NCI was prevented by antiretroviral prophylaxis but once established neither persistent EcoHIV infection in mice nor NCI could be reversed by long-acting antiretroviral therapy. EcoHIV-infected, athymic mice were more permissive to virus replication in macrophages than were wild-type mice, suffered cognitive dysfunction, as well as increased numbers of monocytes and macrophages infiltrating the brain. Our results suggest an important role of HIV expressing macrophages in HIV neuropathogenesis in hosts with suppressed HIV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiang Gu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alejandra Borjabad
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eran Hadas
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Kelschenbach
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Boe-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jin Suh
- Department of Medicine, St. Joseph’s Regional Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bruce Polsky
- Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, United States of America
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Mary Jane Potash
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David J. Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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The Superiority of Sucrose Cushion Centrifugation to Ultrafiltration and PEGylation in Generating High-Titer Lentivirus Particles and Transducing Stem Cells with Enhanced Efficiency. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:185-193. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Shida H, Okada H, Suzuki H, Zhang X, Chen J, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Tanaka Y, Yakushiji F, Hayashi Y. HIV-1 susceptibility of transgenic rat-derived primary macrophage/T cells and a T cell line that express human receptors, CyclinT1 and CRM1 genes. Genes Cells 2017; 22:424-435. [PMID: 28326644 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We developed transgenic (Tg) rats that express human CD4, CCR5, CXCR4, CyclinT1, and CRM1 genes. Tg rat macrophages were efficiently infected with HIV-1 and supported production of infectious progeny virus. By contrast, both rat primary CD4+ T cells and established T cell lines expressing human CD4, CCR5, CyclinT1, and CRM1 genes were infected inefficiently, but this was ameliorated by inhibition of cyclophilin A. The infectivity of rat T cell-derived virus was lower than that of human T cell-derived virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatoshi Shida
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota
- Department of Medical Technology, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22 Nishikamata, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 144-8535, Japan
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0125, Japan
| | - Fumika Yakushiji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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Masroori N, Merindol N, Berthoux L. The interferon-induced antiviral protein PML (TRIM19) promotes the restriction and transcriptional silencing of lentiviruses in a context-specific, isoform-specific fashion. Retrovirology 2016; 13:19. [PMID: 27000403 PMCID: PMC4802722 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, a type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced gene product and a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, modulates the transcriptional activity of viruses belonging to various families. Whether PML has an impact on the replication of HIV-1 has not been fully addressed, but recent studies point to its possible involvement in the restriction of HIV-1 in human cells and in the maintenance of transcriptional latency in human cell lines in which HIV-1 is constitutively repressed. We investigated further the restriction of HIV-1 and a related lentivirus, SIVmac, by PML in murine cells and in a lymphocytic human cell line. In particular, we studied the relevance of PML to IFN-I-mediated inhibition and the role of individual human isoforms. Results We demonstrate that both human PML (hPML) and murine PML (mPML) inhibit the early post-entry stages of the replication of HIV-1 and a related lentivirus, SIVmac. In addition, HIV-1 was transcriptionally silenced by mPML and by hPML isoforms I, II, IV and VI in MEFs. This PML-mediated transcriptional repression was attenuated in presence of the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA. In contrast, depletion of PML had no effect on HIV-1 gene expression in a human T cell line. PML was found to contribute to the inhibition of HIV-1 by IFN-I. Specifically, IFN-α and IFN-β treatments of MEFs enhanced the PML-dependent inhibition of HIV-1 early replication stages. Conclusions We show that PML can inhibit HIV-1 and other lentiviruses as part of the IFN-I-mediated response. The restriction takes place at two distinct steps, i.e. reverse transcription and transcription, and in an isoform-specific, cellular context-specific fashion. Our results support a model in which PML activates innate immune antilentiviral effectors. These data are relevant to the development of latency reversal-inducing pharmacological agents, since PML was previously proposed as a pharmacological target for such inhibitors. This study also has implications for the development of murine models of HIV-1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0253-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Masroori
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Medical Biology and BioMed Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Natacha Merindol
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Medical Biology and BioMed Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Lionel Berthoux
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Medical Biology and BioMed Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
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13
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Kenarkoohi A, Soleimani M, Bamdad T, Soleimanjahi H, Estiri H, Razavi-Nikoo MH. Efficient lentiviral transduction of adipose tissue-derived mouse mesenchymal stem cells and assessment of their penetration in female mice cervical tumor model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2014; 7:225-31. [PMID: 25628843 PMCID: PMC4307105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the incidence of cervical cancer has reduced during last years, but it causes mortality among women. Many efforts have performed to develop new drugs and strategy for treatment of cervical cancer. Adipose Tissue-Derived mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) has many advantages which make them a suitable choice as a cell therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop an improved protocol for Mouse MSCs transduction as well as assess the homing capacity and incorporation of MSCs in cervical cancer model. METHODS MScs were isolated from the mouse adipose tissue and characterized by differentiation and flow cytometry. In our study, lentiviral vector transductions of MSCs performed. Their penetrations were detected in tissue sections after injection of transduced MSCs to female C57BL/6 mice as a cervical cancer model. RESULTS Results showed that MSCs were efficiently transduced with lentiviral vector resulting in efficient tumor penetration. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence that MSCs were able to penetrate into the tumor mass of cervical tumor model and are good vehicles for gene transfer to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Kenarkoohi
- Dept. of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Dept. of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
Masoud Soleimani, PhD;
Professor of Hematology
Tel: (+98) 2182884508
| | - Taravat Bamdad
- Dept. of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Dept. of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Estiri
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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Oakland M, Maury W, McCray PB, Sinn PL. Intrapulmonary Versus Nasal Transduction of Murine Airways With GP64-pseudotyped Viral Vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e69. [PMID: 23360952 PMCID: PMC3564419 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2012.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Persistent viral vector-mediated transgene expression in the airways requires delivery to cells with progenitor capacity and avoidance of immune responses. Previously, we observed that GP64-pseudotyped feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-mediated gene transfer was more efficient in the nasal airways than the large airways of the murine lung. We hypothesized that in vivo gene transfer was limited by immunological and physiological barriers in the murine intrapulmonary airways. Here, we systematically investigate multiple potential barriers to lentiviral gene transfer in the airways of mice. We show that GP64-FIV vector transduced primary cultures of well-differentiated murine nasal epithelia with greater efficiency than primary cultures of murine tracheal epithelia. We further demonstrate that neutrophils, type I interferon (IFN) responses, as well as T and B lymphocytes are not the major factors limiting the transduction of murine conducting airways. In addition, we observed better transduction of GP64-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the nasal epithelia compared with the intrapulmonary airways in mice. VSVG glycoprotein pseudotyped VSV transduced intrapulmonary epithelia with similar efficiency as nasal epithelia. Our results suggest that the differential transduction efficiency of nasal versus intrapulmonary airways by FIV vector is not a result of immunological barriers or surface area, but rather differential expression of cellular factors specific for FIV vector transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Oakland
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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15
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Coutant F, Sanchez David RY, Félix T, Boulay A, Caleechurn L, Souque P, Thouvenot C, Bourgouin C, Beignon AS, Charneau P. A nonintegrative lentiviral vector-based vaccine provides long-term sterile protection against malaria. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48644. [PMID: 23133649 PMCID: PMC3487763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trials testing the RTS,S candidate malaria vaccine and radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) have shown that protective immunity against malaria can be induced and that an effective vaccine is not out of reach. However, longer-term protection and higher protection rates are required to eradicate malaria from the endemic regions. It implies that there is still a need to explore new vaccine strategies. Lentiviral vectors are very potent at inducing strong immunological memory. However their integrative status challenges their safety profile. Eliminating the integration step obviates the risk of insertional oncogenesis. Providing they confer sterile immunity, nonintegrative lentiviral vectors (NILV) hold promise as mass pediatric vaccine by meeting high safety standards. In this study, we have assessed the protective efficacy of NILV against malaria in a robust pre-clinical model. Mice were immunized with NILV encoding Plasmodium yoelii Circumsporozoite Protein (Py CSP) and challenged with sporozoites one month later. In two independent protective efficacy studies, 50% (37.5-62.5) of the animals were fully protected (p = 0.0072 and p = 0.0008 respectively when compared to naive mice). The remaining mice with detectable parasitized red blood cells exhibited a prolonged patency and reduced parasitemia. Moreover, protection was long-lasting with 42.8% sterile protection six months after the last immunization (p = 0.0042). Post-challenge CD8+ T cells to CSP, in contrast to anti-CSP antibodies, were associated with protection (r = -0.6615 and p = 0.0004 between the frequency of IFN-g secreting specific T cells in spleen and parasitemia). However, while NILV and RAS immunizations elicited comparable immunity to CSP, only RAS conferred 100% of sterile protection. Given that a better protection can be anticipated from a multi-antigen vaccine and an optimized vector design, NILV appear as a promising malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coutant
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Raul Yusef Sanchez David
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Félix
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aude Boulay
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laxmee Caleechurn
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thouvenot
- Centre de Production et d’Infection des Anophèles (CEPIA), Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Bourgouin
- Centre de Production et d’Infection des Anophèles (CEPIA), Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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16
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Genetic engineering of murine CD8+ and CD4+ T cells for preclinical adoptive immunotherapy studies. J Immunother 2011; 34:343-52. [PMID: 21499127 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3182187600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy enables for the rapid creation of antigen-specific T cells from mice of any strain and represents a valuable tool for preclinical immunotherapy studies. Here, we describe the superiority of γ-retroviral vectors compared with lentiviral vectors for transduction of murine T cells and surprisingly illustrate robust gene-transfer into phenotypically naive/memory-stem cell like (TN/TSCM; CD62L(hi)/CD44(low)) and central memory (TCM; CD62L(hi)/CD44(hi)) CD8+ T cells using murine stem cell-based γ-retroviral vectors (MSGV1). We created MSGV1 vectors for a major histocompatibility complex-class I-restricted TCR specific for the melanocyte-differentiation antigen, glycoprotein 100 (MSGV1-pmel-1), and a major histocompatibility complex-class II-restricted TCR specific for tyrosinase-related protein-1 (MSGV1-TRP-1), and found that robust gene expression required codon optimization of TCR sequences for the pmel-1 TCR. To test for functionality, we adoptively transferred TCR-engineered T cells into mice bearing B16 melanomas and observed delayed growth of established tumors with pmel-1 TCR engineered CD8+ T cells and significant tumor regression with TRP-1 TCR transduced CD4 T cells. We simultaneously created lentiviral vectors encoding the pmel-1 TCR, but found that these vectors mediated low TCR expression in murine T cells, but robust gene expression in other murine and human cell lines. These results indicate that preclinical murine models of adoptive immunotherapies are more practical using γ-retroviral rather than lentiviral vectors.
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17
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Gilham DE, Lie-A-Ling M, Taylor N, Hawkins RE. Cytokine stimulation and the choice of promoter are critical factors for the efficient transduction of mouse T cells with HIV-1 vectors. J Gene Med 2010; 12:129-36. [PMID: 20033928 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 fails to successfully infect mouse T cells as a result of several blocks in the viral replication cycle. We investigated whether this also impacted on the use of HIV-1 derived lentiviral vectors for stable gene transfer into mouse T cells. METHODS Freshly isolated primary mouse T cells were immediately mixed with lentiviral vectors encoding an enhanced green fluorescent protein marker gene and transduction frequency was determined after 5 days of culture. RESULTS Optimal transduction required both mouse T cell activation and cytokine support. Furthermore, transduction was also dependent upon the promoter chosen, with the rank order of potency being PGK > EF1 > SFFV > CMV. HIV-1 lentiviral vectors also efficiently transduced cytokine-stimulated T cells (in the absence of antibody driven T cell activation), albeit with a lower level of transgene expression compared to fully-activated T cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that primary mouse T cells can be efficiently transduced with HIV-1 lentiviral vectors, opening up prospects for their use in mouse models of gene-modified adoptive cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Gilham
- Cell Therapy Group, Cancer Research UK Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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18
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Integrase interacts with nucleoporin NUP153 to mediate the nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 2009; 83:6522-33. [PMID: 19369352 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02061-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to traverse an intact nuclear envelope and productively infect nondividing cells is a salient feature of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other lentiviruses, but the viral factors and mechanism of nuclear entry have not been defined. HIV-1 integrase (IN) is implicated to play a role in the nuclear import of the virus, but the cellular pathway for IN trafficking and the role of IN in mediating the nuclear import of viral particles are unknown. Using a semipermeabilized cell assay, we observed that the nuclear import of IN was not the result of passive diffusion but occurred independently of cytosolic factors, metabolic energy, and the classical receptor-mediated, Ran-dependent import pathways. To determine if IN enters the nucleus by interacting with the nucleopore complex (NPC), we found that IN bound directly with the FxFG-rich C-terminal domain of nucleoporin 153 (NUP153C). When added in excess to the import assay, NUP153C inhibited the nuclear import of IN. Known binding partners of NUP153C competed with IN for binding with NUP153 and also inhibited the nuclear import of IN. In cultured cells, overexpression of NUP153C reduced the infectivity of an HIV-derived vector by interfering with the nuclear translocation of the viral cDNA. These results support a functional role for the IN-NUP153 interaction in HIV-1 replication and suggest that HIV-1 subviral particles gain access to the nucleus by interacting directly with the NPC via the binding of particle-associated IN to NUP153C.
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19
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Ricks DM, Kutner R, Zhang XY, Welsh DA, Reiser J. Optimized lentiviral transduction of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:441-50. [PMID: 18513160 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted much attention as potential platforms for transgene delivery and cell-based therapy for human disease. MSCs have the capability to self-renew and retain multipotency after extensive expansion in vitro, making them attractive targets for ex vivo modification and autologous transplantation. Viral vectors, including lentiviral vectors, provide an efficient means for transgene delivery into human MSCs. In contrast, mouse MSCs have proven more difficult to transduce with lentiviral vectors than their human counterparts, and because many studies use mouse models of human disease, an improved method of transduction would facilitate studies using ex vivo-modified mouse MSCs. We have worked toward improving the production of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vectors and optimizing transduction conditions for mouse MSCs using lentivirus vectors pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G), the ecotropic murine leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein (MLV-E), and the glycoproteins derived from the Armstrong and WE strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV-Arm, LCMV-WE). Mouse MSCs were readily transduced following overnight incubation using a multiplicity of infection of at least 40. Alternatively, mouse MSCs in suspension were readily transduced after a 1-h exposure to lentiviral pseudotypes immediately following trypsin treatment or retrieval from storage in liquid nitrogen. LCMV-WE pseudotypes resulted in efficient transduction of mouse MSCs with less toxicity than VSV-G pseudotypes. In conclusion, our improved production and transduction conditions for lentiviral vectors resulted in efficient transduction of mouse MSCs, and these improvements should facilitate the application of such cells in the context of mouse models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ricks
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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20
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Tervo HM, Goffinet C, Keppler OT. Mouse T-cells restrict replication of human immunodeficiency virus at the level of integration. Retrovirology 2008; 5:58. [PMID: 18611257 PMCID: PMC2557013 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-5-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of an immunocompetent, genetically modified mouse model to study HIV-1 pathogenesis and to test antiviral strategies has been hampered by the fact that cells from native mice do not or only inefficiently support several steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle. Upon HIV-1 infection, mouse T-cell lines fail to express viral proteins, but the underlying replication barrier has thus far not been unambiguously identified. Here, we performed a kinetic and quantitative assessment of consecutive steps in the early phase of the HIV-1 replication cycle in T-cells from mice and humans. Results Both T-cell lines and primary T-cells from mice harbor a severe post-entry defect that is independent of potential species-specTR transactivation. Reverse transcription occurred efficiently following VSV-G-mediated entry of virions into mouse T-cells, and abundant levels of 2-LTR circles indicated successful nuclear import of the pre-integration complex. To probe the next step in the retroviral replication cycle, i.e. the integration of HIV-1 into the host cell genome, we established and validated a nested real-time PCR to specifically quantify HIV-1 integrants exploiting highly repetitive mouse B1 elements. Importantly, we demonstrate that the frequency of integrant formation is diminished 18- to > 305-fold in mouse T-cell lines compared to a human counterpart, resulting in a largely abortive infection. Moreover, differences in transgene expression from residual vector integrants, the transcription off which is cyclin T1-independent, provided evidence for an additional, peri-integrational deficit in certain mouse T-cell lines. Conclusion In contrast to earlier reports, we find that mouse T-cells efficiently support early replication steps up to and including nuclear import, but restrict HIV-1 at the level of chromosomal integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Mari Tervo
- Department of Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Relief of preintegration inhibition and characterization of additional blocks for HIV replication in primary mouse T cells. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2035. [PMID: 18446227 PMCID: PMC2323578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a small animal model to study HIV replication and pathogenesis has been hampered by the failure of the virus to replicate in non-primate cells. Most studies aimed at achieving replication in murine cells have been limited to fibroblast cell lines, but generating an appropriate model requires overcoming blocks to viral replication in primary T cells. We have studied HIV-1 replication in CD4(+) T cells from human CD4/CCR5/Cyclin T1 transgenic mice. Expression of hCD4 and hCCR5 in mouse CD4(+) T cells enabled efficient entry of R5 strain HIV-1. In mouse T cells, HIV-1 underwent reverse transcription and nuclear import as efficiently as in human T cells. In contrast, chromosomal integration of HIV-1 proviral DNA was inefficient in activated mouse T cells. This process was greatly enhanced by providing a secondary T cell receptor (TCR) signal after HIV-1 infection, especially between 12 to 24 h post infection. This effect was specific for primary mouse T cells. The pathways involved in HIV replication appear to be PKCtheta-, CARMA1-, and WASp-independent. Treatment with Cyclosporin A (CsA) further relieved the pre-integration block. However, transcription of HIV-1 RNA was still reduced in mouse CD4(+) T cells despite expression of the hCyclin T1 transgene. Additional post-transcriptional defects were observed at the levels of Gag expression, Gag processing, Gag release and virus infectivity. Together, these post-integration defects resulted in a dramatically reduced yield of infectious virus (300-500 fold) after a single cycle of HIV-1 replication. This study implies the existence of host factors, in addition to those already identified, that are critical for HIV-1 replication in mouse cells. This study also highlights the differences between primary T cells and cell lines regarding pre-integration steps in the HIV-1 replication cycle.
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Kunicher N, Falk H, Yaacov B, Tzur T, Panet A. Tropism of Lentiviral Vectors in Skin Tissue. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:255-66. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kunicher
- Department of Virology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Haya Falk
- Department of Virology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Barak Yaacov
- Department of Virology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tomer Tzur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Amos Panet
- Department of Virology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Target peptide sequence within infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 does not ensure envelope-specific T-helper cell reactivation: influences of cysteine protease and gamma interferon-induced thiol reductase activities. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:713-9. [PMID: 18235043 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00412-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have shown that the presence of a robust human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T-cell response may not be sufficient to prevent or control HIV-1 infection. Studies of antigen processing in the context of infectious HIV-1 are therefore warranted. Envelope-specific, major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted murine T-cell hybridomas were tested for responsiveness to splenic antigen-presenting cells exposed to HIV-1-infected GHOST cells. Interleukin-2 assays showed that the presence of a peptide within HIV-1 did not ensure the reactivation of peptide-specific T cells. Further experiments defined the impact of gamma interferon-induced thiol reductase and cysteine proteases on the processing of HIV-1 peptides. The results highlight potential influences of peptide context on T-cell reactivation by HIV-1 and encourage the continued study of antigen processing as support for improved vaccine design.
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Abstract
Host range describes the range of species that a virus can infect to productively propagate itself. Productive infection requires compatibility between virus and host molecules. Thus host range may be restricted by lack of appropriate permissivity factors;alternatively, hosts may actively counteract infection using restriction factors. Incompatibility between virus and host can manifest on the level of individual cells,of tissues or organs,and of the entire organism. All hepatitis B viruses are hepatotropic,but individual viruses infect the livers of only selected mammalian (orthohepadnaviruses) and avian (avihepadnaviruses) hosts. Hence a narrow host range is thought to be a salient feature of hepadnaviruses. Here we briefly review general mechanisms of host range restriction,and summarise older as well as recent data pertaining to hepadnaviral host range. Clearly,the term species-specific is inadequate for many hepadnaviruses because they can infect different species from one genus,and even species from different genera. For a few others,only a single species,or genus,has been identified that supports efficient infection;however,this could as well relate to the restricted number of experimentally addressable test species. Together with the uncertainty about quantitative phylogenetic relationships between species,still largely based on morphological rather than molecular criteria,this leaves the term narrow open to interpretation. Finally,few if any of the host molecules enabling productive infection by a hepadnavirus have unambiguously been identified,the role of restriction factors has not yet been assessed,and even on the virus side the so-called host determining regions in the PreS domains of the large envelope proteins appear to be relevant only under specialised experimental conditions. Hence this important aspect of hepadnavirus biology is still far from being understood.
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Goffinet C, Michel N, Allespach I, Tervo HM, Hermann V, Kräusslich HG, Greene WC, Keppler OT. Primary T-cells from human CD4/CCR5-transgenic rats support all early steps of HIV-1 replication including integration, but display impaired viral gene expression. Retrovirology 2007; 4:53. [PMID: 17655755 PMCID: PMC1971067 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo studies on HIV-1 pathogenesis and testing of antiviral strategies have been hampered by the lack of an immunocompetent small animal model that is highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Since native rodents are non-permissive, we developed transgenic rats that selectively express the HIV-1 receptor complex, hCD4 and hCCR5, on relevant target cells. These animals display a transient low-level plasma viremia after HIV-1YU-2 infection, demonstrating HIV-1 susceptibility in vivo. However, unlike macrophages, primary CD4 T-cells from double-transgenic animals fail to support viral spread ex vivo. To identify quantitative limitations or absolute blocks in this rodent species, we quantitatively assessed the efficiency of key steps in the early phase of the viral replication cycle in a side-by-side comparison in infected cell lines and primary T-cells from hCD4/hCCR5-transgenic rats and human donors. Results Levels of virus entry, HIV-1 cDNA synthesis, nuclear import, and integration into the host genome were shown to be remarkably similar in cell lines and, where technically accessible, in primary T-cells from both species. In contrast, a profound impairment at the level of early HIV gene expression was disclosed at the single-cell level in primary rat T-cells and most other rat-derived cells. Macrophages were a notable exception, possibly reflecting the unique transcriptional milieu in this evolutionarily conserved target cell of all lentiviruses. Importantly, transient trans-complementation by ex vivo nucleofection with the Tat-interacting protein Cyclin T1 of human origin markedly elevated HIV gene expression in primary rat T-cells. Conclusion This is the first study that has quantitatively determined the efficiency of consecutive steps in the HIV-1 replication cycle in infected primary HIV target cells from a candidate transgenic small animal and compared it to human cells. Unlike cells derived from mice or rabbits, rat cells complete all of the early steps in the HIV-1 replication cycle, including provirus integration in vivo, with high efficiency. A deficiency in gene expression was disclosed at the single cell level and could be counteracted by the human pTEFb transcription complex factor Cyclin T1. Collectively, these results provide the basis for the advancement of this transgenic rat model through strategies aimed at boosting HIV-1 gene expression in primary rat CD4 T-cells, including human Cyclin T1 transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nico Michel
- Department of Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Allespach
- Department of Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna-Mari Tervo
- Department of Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Hermann
- Department of Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Department of Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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