1
|
Alakunle E, Kolawole D, Diaz-Cánova D, Alele F, Adegboye O, Moens U, Okeke MI. A comprehensive review of monkeypox virus and mpox characteristics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1360586. [PMID: 38510963 PMCID: PMC10952103 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1360586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease. MPXV is endemic in the forested regions of West and Central Africa, but the virus has recently spread globally, causing outbreaks in multiple non-endemic countries. In this paper, we review the characteristics of the virus, including its ecology, genomics, infection biology, and evolution. We estimate by phylogenomic molecular clock that the B.1 lineage responsible for the 2022 mpox outbreaks has been in circulation since 2016. We interrogate the host-virus interactions that modulate the virus infection biology, signal transduction, pathogenesis, and host immune responses. We highlight the changing pathophysiology and epidemiology of MPXV and summarize recent advances in the prevention and treatment of mpox. In addition, this review identifies knowledge gaps with respect to the virus and the disease, suggests future research directions to address the knowledge gaps, and proposes a One Health approach as an effective strategy to prevent current and future epidemics of mpox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Alakunle
- Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Kolawole
- Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Diana Diaz-Cánova
- Department of Medical Biology, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Faith Alele
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Oyelola Adegboye
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Malachy Ifeanyi Okeke
- Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aggarwal T, Kondabagil K. Assembly and Evolution of Poxviruses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1451:35-54. [PMID: 38801570 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Poxvirus assembly has been an intriguing area of research for several decades. While advancements in experimental techniques continue to yield fresh insights, many questions are still unresolved. Large genome sizes of up to 380 kbp, asymmetrical structure, an exterior lipid bilayer, and a cytoplasmic life cycle are some notable characteristics of these viruses. Inside the particle are two lateral bodies and a protein wall-bound-biconcave core containing the viral nucleocapsid. The assembly progresses through five major stages-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane alteration and rupture, crescent formation, immature virion formation, genome encapsidation, virion maturation and in a subset of viruses, additional envelopment of the virion prior to its dissemination. Several large dsDNA viruses have been shown to follow a comparable sequence of events. In this chapter, we recapitulate our understanding of the poxvirus morphogenesis process while reviewing the most recent advances in the field. We also briefly discuss how virion assembly aids in our knowledge of the evolutionary links between poxviruses and other Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDVs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Aggarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Kiran Kondabagil
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Le Rouzic A, Fix J, Vinck R, Kappler-Gratias S, Volmer R, Gallardo F, Eléouët JF, Keck M, Cintrat JC, Barbier J, Gillet D, Galloux M. A New Derivative of Retro-2 Displays Antiviral Activity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:415. [PMID: 38203585 PMCID: PMC10778932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in newborns, with all children being infected before the age of two. Reinfections are very common throughout life and can cause severe respiratory infections in the elderly and immunocompromised adults. Although vaccines and preventive antibodies have recently been licensed for use in specific subpopulations of patients, there is still no therapeutic treatment commonly available for these infections. Here, we investigated the potential antiviral activity of Retro-2.2, a derivative of the cellular retrograde transport inhibitor Retro-2, against hRSV. We show that Retro-2.2 inhibits hRSV replication in cell culture and impairs the ability of hRSV to form syncytia. Our results suggest that Retro-2.2 treatment affects virus spread by disrupting the trafficking of the viral de novo synthetized F and G glycoproteins to the plasma membrane, leading to a defect in virion morphogenesis. Taken together, our data show that targeting intracellular transport may be an effective strategy against hRSV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Le Rouzic
- INRAE Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Université Paris-Saclay-Versailles St Quentin, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.R.); (J.F.); (J.-F.E.)
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (R.V.); (M.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jenna Fix
- INRAE Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Université Paris-Saclay-Versailles St Quentin, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.R.); (J.F.); (J.-F.E.)
| | - Robin Vinck
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (R.V.); (M.K.); (J.B.)
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | | | - Romain Volmer
- INRAE, IHAP, UMR 1225, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - Franck Gallardo
- NeoVirTech SAS, 1 Place Pierre Potier, 31000 Toulouse, France; (S.K.-G.); (F.G.)
| | - Jean-François Eléouët
- INRAE Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Université Paris-Saclay-Versailles St Quentin, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.R.); (J.F.); (J.-F.E.)
| | - Mathilde Keck
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (R.V.); (M.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Julien Barbier
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (R.V.); (M.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Daniel Gillet
- CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (R.V.); (M.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Marie Galloux
- INRAE Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Université Paris-Saclay-Versailles St Quentin, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.R.); (J.F.); (J.-F.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu J, Xing H, Wang C, Tang M, Wu C, Ye F, Yin L, Yang Y, Tan W, Shen L. Mpox (formerly monkeypox): pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:458. [PMID: 38148355 PMCID: PMC10751291 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2022, a global outbreak of Mpox (formerly monkeypox) occurred in various countries across Europe and America and rapidly spread to more than 100 countries and regions. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern due to the rapid spread of the Mpox virus. Consequently, nations intensified their efforts to explore treatment strategies aimed at combating the infection and its dissemination. Nevertheless, the available therapeutic options for Mpox virus infection remain limited. So far, only a few numbers of antiviral compounds have been approved by regulatory authorities. Given the high mutability of the Mpox virus, certain mutant strains have shown resistance to existing pharmaceutical interventions. This highlights the urgent need to develop novel antiviral drugs that can combat both drug resistance and the potential threat of bioterrorism. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive literature on the pathophysiology and treatment of Mpox. To address this issue, we conducted a review covering the physiological and pathological processes of Mpox infection, summarizing the latest progress of anti-Mpox drugs. Our analysis encompasses approved drugs currently employed in clinical settings, as well as newly identified small-molecule compounds and antibody drugs displaying potential antiviral efficacy against Mpox. Furthermore, we have gained valuable insights from the process of Mpox drug development, including strategies for repurposing drugs, the discovery of drug targets driven by artificial intelligence, and preclinical drug development. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on Mpox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lu
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Hui Xing
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Mengjun Tang
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Changcheng Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| | - Wenjie Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Liang Shen
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh N, Mudassir M, Ansari S, Chosdol K, Sinha S, Chattopadhyay P. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles localize in vesicles after diffusing into cells and are retained by intracellular traffic modulators. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1907-1919. [PMID: 38078434 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated our previous finding of increased retention of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) with metabolic inhibitors (MI) and studied the effect of some small molecule inhibitors on PLGA-NP assimilation. Materials & methods: Intracellular PLGA-NP colocalization in the presence of MI was investigated by confocal microscopy. Intracellular retention of PLGA-NPs by some small molecules was estimated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry after Pulse/Chase experiments. Results: MI caused PLGA-NP colocalization in intracellular membranous structures, mainly endosomes and lysosomes. Some small molecule inhibitors demonstrated increased intracellular PLGA-NP accumulation. Conclusion: This study elucidates the movement of PLGA-NP in cells and suggests that clinically used small molecules can reduce their extrusion by enhancing their stay within intracellular vesicles, with possible clinically beneficial consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Madeeha Mudassir
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences, GTB Hospital, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Shiba Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, GTB Hospital, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Shahed-Ai-Mahmud M, Chen A, Li K, Tan H, Joyce R. An Overview of Antivirals against Monkeypox Virus and Other Orthopoxviruses. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4468-4490. [PMID: 36961984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The current monkeypox outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic have reignited interest in orthopoxvirus antivirals. Monkeypox belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, which also includes the variola virus, vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus. Two orally bioavailable drugs, tecovirimat and brincidofovir, have been approved for treating smallpox infections. Given their human safety profiles and in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models, both drugs have also been recommended to treat monkeypox infection. To facilitate the development of additional orthopoxvirus antivirals, we summarize the antiviral activity, mechanism of action, and mechanism of resistance of orthopoxvirus antivirals. This perspective covers both direct-acting and host-targeting antivirals with an emphasis on drug candidates showing in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models. We hope to speed the orthopoxvirus antiviral drug discovery by providing medicinal chemists with insights into prioritizing proper drug targets and hits for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Md Shahed-Ai-Mahmud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Angelo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Haozhou Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ryan Joyce
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patel CN, Mall R, Bensmail H. AI-driven drug repurposing and binding pose meta dynamics identifies novel targets for Monkeypox virus. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:799-807. [PMID: 36966703 PMCID: PMC10014505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) was confirmed in May 2022 and designated a global health emergency by WHO in July 2022. MPX virions are big, enclosed, brick-shaped, and contain a linear, double-stranded DNA genome as well as enzymes. MPXV particles bind to the host cell membrane via a variety of viral-host protein interactions. As a result, the wrapped structure is a potential therapeutic target. DeepRepurpose, an artificial intelligence-based compound-viral proteins interaction framework, was used via a transfer learning setting to prioritize a set of FDA approved and investigational drugs which can potentially inhibit MPXV viral proteins. To filter and narrow down the lead compounds from curated collections of pharmaceutical compounds, we used a rigorous computational framework that included homology modeling, molecular docking, dynamic simulations, binding free energy calculations, and binding pose metadynamics. We identified Elvitegravir as a potential inhibitor of MPXV virus using our comprehensive pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag N. Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, India,Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD-21702, USA
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee-38105, USA,Biotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi-9639, United Arab Emirates,Corresponding author at: Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee-38105, USA
| | - Halima Bensmail
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha-34110, Qatar,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khani E, Afsharirad B, Entezari-Maleki T. Monkeypox treatment: Current evidence and future perspectives. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28229. [PMID: 36253931 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As of September 11, 2022, 57 669 reports of monkeypox infection raised global concern. Previous vaccinia virus vaccination can protect from monkeypox. However, after smallpox eradication, immunization against that was stopped. Indeed, therapeutic options following the disease onset are of great value. This study aimed to review the available evidence on virology and treatment approaches for monkeypox and provide guidance for patient care and future studies. Since no randomized clinical trials were ever performed, we reviewed monkeypox animal model studies and clinical trials on the safety and pharmacokinetics of available medications. Brincidofovir and tecovirimat were the most studied medications that got approval for smallpox treatment according to the Animal Rule. Due to the conserved virology among Orthopoxviruses, available medications might also be effective against monkeypox. However, tecovirimat has the strongest evidence to be effective and safe for monkeypox treatment, and if there is a choice between the two drugs, tecovirimat has shown more promise so far. The risk of resistance should be considered in patients who failed to respond to tecovirimat. Hence, the target-based design of novel antivirals will enhance the availability and spectrum of effective anti-Orthopoxvirus agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Khani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bentelhoda Afsharirad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taher Entezari-Maleki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mozhaitsev ES, Suslov EV, Rastrepaeva DA, Yarovaya OI, Borisevich SS, Khamitov EM, Kolybalov DS, Arkhipov SG, Bormotov NI, Shishkina LN, Serova OA, Brunilin RV, Vernigora AA, Nawrozkij MB, Agafonov AP, Maksyutov RA, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of the Cage-Amide Derived Orthopox Virus Replication Inhibitors. Viruses 2022; 15:29. [PMID: 36680072 PMCID: PMC9865139 DOI: 10.3390/v15010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the variola virus is considered eradicated, the search for new small molecules with activity against orthopoxviruses remains an important task, especially in the context of recent outbreaks of monkeypox. As a result of this work, a number of amides of benzoic acids containing an adamantane fragment were obtained. Most of the compounds demonstrated activity against vaccinia virus, with a selectivity index SI = 18,214 for the leader compound 18a. The obtained derivatives also demonstrated activity against murine pox (250 ≤ SI ≤ 6071) and cowpox (125 ≤ SI ≤ 3036). A correlation was obtained between the IC50 meanings and the binding energy to the assumed biological target, the p37 viral protein with R2 = 0.60.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii S. Mozhaitsev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Suslov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria A. Rastrepaeva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga I. Yarovaya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sophia S. Borisevich
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry Ufa Federal Research Center, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450078 Ufa, Russia
| | - Edward M. Khamitov
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry Ufa Federal Research Center, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450078 Ufa, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kolybalov
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility SKIF, G.K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
- Scientific Educational Center “Institute of Chemical Technology”, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Arkhipov
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility SKIF, G.K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
- Scientific Educational Center “Institute of Chemical Technology”, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolai I. Bormotov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Larisa N. Shishkina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Olga A. Serova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Roman V. Brunilin
- Department of Analytical, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Department of Organic Chemistry, Volgograd State Technical University Lenina, Avenue 28, 400005 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Vernigora
- Department of Analytical, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Department of Organic Chemistry, Volgograd State Technical University Lenina, Avenue 28, 400005 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Maxim B. Nawrozkij
- Center of Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue 1, Krasnodar Krai, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Alexander P. Agafonov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Rinat A. Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The evolving epidemiology of monkeypox virus. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 68:1-12. [PMID: 36244878 PMCID: PMC9547435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is a zoonotic disease endemic mainly in West and Central Africa. As of 27 September 2022, human monkeypox has occurred in more than 100 countries (mostly in non-endemic regions) and caused over 66,000 confirmed cases, which differs from previous epidemics that mainly affected African countries. Due to the increasing number of confirmed cases worldwide, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the monkeypox outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23, 2022. The international outbreak of human monkeypox represents a novel route of transmission for MPXV, with genital lesions as the primary infection, and the emergence of monkeypox in the current outbreak is also new, as novel variants emerge. Clinical physicians and scientists should be aware of this emerging situation, which presents a different scenario from previous outbreaks. In this review, we will discuss the molecular virology, evasion of antiviral immunity, epidemiology, evolution, and detection of MPXV, as well as prophylaxis and treatment strategies for monkeypox. This review also emphasizes the integration of relevant epidemiological data with genomic surveillance data to obtain real-time data, which could formulate prevention and control measures to curb this outbreak.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mosher BS, Kowalik TF, Yurochko AD. Overview of how HCMV manipulation of host cell intracellular trafficking networks can promote productive infection. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.1026452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised and developing fetuses. Infection has also been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disease, and the development of certain cancers. The wide range of pathologies associated with HCMV infection is attributable to the broad cellular tropism of the virus where infection affects every organ system. Like other viruses, HCMV must tailor host cells to support productive infection. In particular, HCMV dedicates many resources and various strategies to manipulate host intracellular trafficking networks to facilitate various aspects of infection across all infected cell types. The dysregulation of host intracellular trafficking networks allows the virus to translocate to the host cell nucleus for genome replication, facilitate nuclear import/export of viral proteins and immature virions, subvert the host immune response, form new organelles for progeny virion assembly, maturation and egress, and promote cellular migration and viral spread. However, due to their complex nature, many aspects of these processes are not well-studied. New research and omics-based technologies have recently begun to elucidate the extent to which HCMV dysregulates host cell trafficking machinery. Here we review the variety of strategies HCMV utilizes to dysregulate intracellular trafficking networks to promote productive infection.
Collapse
|
12
|
In Vivo Sustained Release of the Retrograde Transport Inhibitor Retro-2.1 Formulated in a Thermosensitive Hydrogel. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314611. [PMID: 36498939 PMCID: PMC9735573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed inhibitor of retrograde transport, namely Retro-2.1, proved to be a potent and broad-spectrum lead in vitro against intracellular pathogens, such as toxins, parasites, intracellular bacteria and viruses. To circumvent its low aqueous solubility, a formulation in poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L)lactide micelle nanoparticles was developed. This formulation enabled the study of the pharmacokinetic parameters of Retro-2.1 in mice following intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, revealing a short blood circulation time, with an elimination half-life of 5 and 6.7 h, respectively. To explain the poor pharmacokinetic parameters, the metabolic stability of Retro-2.1 was studied in vitro and in vivo, revealing fast cytochrome-P-450-mediated metabolism into a less potent hydroxylated analogue. Subcutaneous injection of Retro-2.1 formulated in a biocompatible and bioresorbable polymer-based thermosensitive hydrogel allowed for sustained release of the drug, with an elimination half-life of 19 h, and better control of its metabolism. This study provides a guideline on how to administer this promising lead in vivo in order to study its efficacy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Panda K, Mukherjee A. Is monkeypox a threat to another pandemic? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:983076. [PMID: 36118218 PMCID: PMC9470849 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.983076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, MH, India
- *Correspondence: Anupam Mukherjee ;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Human Cytomegalovirus Manipulates Syntaxin 6 for Successful Trafficking and Subsequent Infection of Monocytes. J Virol 2022; 96:e0081922. [PMID: 35862696 PMCID: PMC9327712 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00819-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exhibits a complex host-pathogen interaction with peripheral blood monocytes. We have identified a unique, cell-type specific retrograde-like intracellular trafficking pattern that HCMV utilizes to gain access to the monocyte nucleus and for productive infection. We show that infection of primary human monocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts leads to an increase in the amount of the trafficking protein Syntaxin 6 (Stx6). However, only knockdown (KD) of Stx6 in monocytes inhibited viral trafficking to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), a requisite step for nuclear translocation in monocytes. Conversely, KD of Stx6 in epithelial cells and fibroblasts did not change the kinetics of nuclear translocation and productive infection. Stx6 predominantly functions at the level of the TGN where it facilitates retrograde transport, a trafficking pathway used by only a few cellular proteins and seldom by pathogens. We also newly identify that in monocytes, Stx6 exhibits an irregular vesicular localization rather than being concentrated at the TGN as seen in other cell-types. Lastly, we implicate that viral particles that associate with both Stx6 and EEA1 early in infection are the viral population that successfully traffics to the TGN at later time points and undergo nuclear translocation. Additionally, we show for the first time that HCMV enters the TGN, and that lack of Stx6 prevents viral trafficking to this organelle. We argue that we have identified an essential cell-type specific regulator that controls early steps in efficient productive infection of a cell-type required for viral persistence and disease. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes severe and often fatal disease in the immunocompromised. It is one of the leading infectious causes of birth defects and causes severe complications in transplant recipients. By uncovering the unique pathways used by the virus to infect key cells, such as monocytes, responsible for dissemination and persistence, we provide new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang Y, Huang H, Zhou L, Li J, Chen X, Thomas J, He X, Guo W, Zeng Y, Low BC, Liang F, Zeng J, Ross CA, Tan EK, Smith W, Pei Z. Mutant D620N and VPS35 induces motor dysfunction and impairs DAT-mediated dopamine recycling pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3886-3896. [PMID: 35766879 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The D620N mutation in vacuolar protein sorting protein 35 (VPS35) gene has been identified to be linked to late onset familial Parkinson disease (PD). However, the pathophysiological roles of VPS35-D620N in PD remain unclear. Here, we generated the transgenic C. elegans overexpressing either human wild type or PD-linked mutant VPS35-D620N in neurons. C. elegans expressing VPS35-D620N, compared with non-transgenic controls, showed movement disorders and dopaminergic neuron loss. VPS35-D620N worms displayed more swimming induced paralysis but showed no defects in BSR assays, thus indicating the disruption of dopamine (DA) recycling back inside neurons. Moreover, VPS35 formed a protein interaction complex with DA transporter (DAT), RAB5, RAB11, and FAM21. In contrast, the VPS35-D620N mutant destabilized these interactions, thus disrupting DAT transport from early endosomes to recycling endosomes, and decreasing DAT at the cell suffice. These effects together increased DA in synaptic clefts, and led to dopaminergic neuron degeneration and motor dysfunction. Treatment with reserpine significantly decreased the swimming induced paralysis in VPS35-D620N worms, as compared with vehicle treated VPS35-D620N worms. Our studies not only provide novel insight into the mechanisms of VPS35-D620N-induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration and motor dysfunction via disruption of DAT function and the DA signaling pathway, but also indicate a potential strategy to treat VPS35-D620N related PD and other disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Leping Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Joseph Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy
| | - Xiaofei He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yixuan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute
| | - Fengyin Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wanli Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thakur AK, Luthra-Guptasarma M. Differences in Cellular Clearing Mechanisms of Aggregates of Two Subtypes of HLA-B27. Front Immunol 2022; 12:795053. [PMID: 35082784 PMCID: PMC8785436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) belongs to a group of diseases, called spondyloarthropathies (SpA), that are strongly associated with the genetic marker HLA-B27. AS is characterized by inflammation of joints and primarily affects the spine. Over 160 subtypes of HLA-B27 are known, owing to high polymorphism. Some are strongly associated with disease (e.g., B*2704), whereas others are not (e.g., B*2709). Misfolding of HLA-B27 molecules [as dimers, or as high-molecular-weight (HMW) oligomers] is one of several hypotheses proposed to explain the link between HLA-B27 and AS. Our group has previously established the existence of HMW species of HLA-B27 in AS patients. Still, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying differences in pathogenic outcomes of different HLA-B27 subtypes. We conducted a proteomics-based evaluation of the differential disease association of HLA B*2704 and B*2709, using stable transfectants of genes encoding the two proteins. A clear difference was observed in protein clearance mechanisms: whereas unfolded protein response (UPR), autophagy, and aggresomes were involved in the degradation of B*2704, the endosome–lysosome machinery was primarily involved in B*2709 degradation. These differences offer insights into the differential disease association of B*2704 and B*2709.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Thakur
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kurabi A, Pak K, Chavez E, Doan J, Ryan AF. A transcytotic transport mechanism across the tympanic membrane. Sci Rep 2022; 12:984. [PMID: 35046419 PMCID: PMC8770641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug treatments for middle ear diseases are currently delivered systemically, or locally after opening the impermeable tympanic membrane (TM). We previously used bacteriophage display to discover novel peptides that are actively transported across the intact TM, with a variety of transport rates. Peptide structures were analyzed for evidence regarding the mechanism for this unexpected transport, which was then tested by the application of chemical inhibitors. Primary sequences indicated that trans-TM peptides share one of two amino acid motifs. Secondary structures revealed that linear configurations associate with higher transport rates than coiled structures. Tertiary analysis indicated that the shared sequence motifs are prominently displayed at the free ends of rapidly transported peptide phage. The shared motifs were evaluated for similarity to known motifs. The highest probability matches were for protein motifs involved in transmembrane transport and exosomes. Overall, structural findings suggest that the shared motifs represent binding sequences. They also implicate transcytosis, a polarized cell transport mechanism consisting of endocytosis, transcellular transport, and exocytosis. Inhibitor studies indicated that macropinocytosis, retrograde transport through Golgi and exocytosis participate in transport across the TM, consistent with transcytosis. This process can be harnessed to noninvasively deliver therapeutics to the middle ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Kurabi
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA.
- San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kwang Pak
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA
| | - Eduardo Chavez
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA
| | - Jennifer Doan
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Allen F Ryan
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0666, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
- San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bolado-Carrancio A, Lee M, Ewing A, Muir M, Macleod KG, Gallagher WM, Nguyen LK, Carragher NO, Semple CA, Brunton VG, Caswell PT, von Kriegsheim A. ISGylation drives basal breast tumour progression by promoting EGFR recycling and Akt signalling. Oncogene 2021; 40:6235-6247. [PMID: 34556814 PMCID: PMC8566238 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ISG15 is an ubiquitin-like modifier that is associated with reduced survival rates in breast cancer patients. The mechanism by which ISG15 achieves this however remains elusive. We demonstrate that modification of Rab GDP-Dissociation Inhibitor Beta (GDI2) by ISG15 (ISGylation) alters endocytic recycling of the EGF receptor (EGFR) in non-interferon stimulated cells using CRISPR-knock out models for ISGylation. By regulating EGFR trafficking, ISGylation enhances EGFR recycling and sustains Akt-signalling. We further show that Akt signalling positively correlates with levels of ISG15 and its E2-ligase in basal breast cancer cohorts, confirming the link between ISGylation and Akt signalling in human tumours. Persistent and enhanced Akt activation explains the more aggressive tumour behaviour observed in human breast cancers. We show that ISGylation can act as a driver of tumour progression rather than merely being a bystander.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Bolado-Carrancio
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Martin Lee
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ailith Ewing
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kenneth G Macleod
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Colin A Semple
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huttunen M, Samolej J, Evans RJ, Yakimovich A, White IJ, Kriston-Vizi J, Martin-Serrano J, Sundquist WI, Frickel EM, Mercer J. Vaccinia virus hijacks ESCRT-mediated multivesicular body formation for virus egress. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202000910. [PMID: 34145027 PMCID: PMC8321658 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poxvirus extracellular virions are critical for virus virulence. This study shows that multivesicular bodies serve as a major cellular source of membrane for their formation and spread. Poxvirus egress is a complex process whereby cytoplasmic single membrane–bound virions are wrapped in a cell-derived double membrane. These triple-membrane particles, termed intracellular enveloped virions (IEVs), are released from infected cells by fusion. Whereas the wrapping double membrane is thought to be derived from virus-modified trans-Golgi or early endosomal cisternae, the cellular factors that regulate virus wrapping remain largely undefined. To identify cell factors required for this process the prototypic poxvirus, vaccinia virus (VACV), was subjected to an RNAi screen directed against cellular membrane-trafficking proteins. Focusing on the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), we demonstrate that ESCRT-III and VPS4 are required for packaging of virus into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). EM-based characterization of MVB-IEVs showed that they account for half of IEV production indicating that MVBs are a second major source of VACV wrapping membrane. These data support a model whereby, in addition to cisternae-based wrapping, VACV hijacks ESCRT-mediated MVB formation to facilitate virus egress and spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moona Huttunen
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK .,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jerzy Samolej
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert J Evans
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Artur Yakimovich
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian J White
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jason Mercer
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK .,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tebaldi G, Pritchard SM, Nicola AV. Herpes Simplex Virus Entry by a Nonconventional Endocytic Pathway. J Virol 2020; 94:e01910-20. [PMID: 33028710 PMCID: PMC7925185 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01910-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. HSV-1 enters epithelial cells via an endocytosis mechanism that is low-pH dependent. However, the precise intracellular pathway has not been identified, including the compartment where fusion occurs. In this study, we utilized a combination of molecular and pharmacological approaches to better characterize HSV entry by endocytosis. HSV-1 entry was unaltered in both cells treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to Rab5 or Rab7 and cells expressing dominant negative forms of these GTPases, suggesting entry is independent of the conventional endo-lysosomal network. The fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA) and the quinoline compound Golgicide A (GCA) inhibited HSV-1 entry via beta-galactosidase reporter assay and impaired incoming virus transport to the nuclear periphery, suggesting a role for trans-Golgi network (TGN) functions and retrograde transport in HSV entry. Silencing of Rab9 or Rab11 GTPases, which are involved in the retrograde transport pathway, resulted in only a slight reduction in HSV infection. Together, these results suggest that HSV enters host cells by an intracellular route independent of the lysosome-terminal endocytic pathway.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), the prototype alphaherpesvirus, is ubiquitous in the human population and causes lifelong infection that can be fatal in neonatal and immunocompromised individuals. HSV enters many cell types by endocytosis, including epithelial cells, the site of primary infection in the host. The intracellular itinerary for HSV entry remains unclear. We probed the potential involvement of several Rab GTPases in HSV-1 entry and suggest that endocytic entry of HSV-1 is independent of the canonical lysosome-terminal pathway. A nontraditional endocytic route may be employed, such as one that intersects with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). These results may lead to novel targets for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tebaldi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Suzanne M Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony V Nicola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Monticelli SR, Bryk P, Ward BM. The Molluscum Contagiosum Gene MC021L Partially Compensates for the Loss of Its Vaccinia Virus Homolog, F13L. J Virol 2020; 94:e01496-20. [PMID: 32727873 PMCID: PMC7527044 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01496-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopoxviruses produce two antigenically distinct infectious enveloped virions termed intracellular mature virions and extracellular virions (EV). EV have an additional membrane compared to intracellular mature virions due to a wrapping process at the trans-Golgi network and are required for cell-to-cell spread and pathogenesis. Specific to the EV membrane are a number of proteins highly conserved among orthopoxviruses, including F13, which is required for the efficient wrapping of intracellular mature virions to produce EV and which plays a role in EV entry. The distantly related molluscipoxvirus, molluscum contagiosum virus, is predicted to encode several vaccinia virus homologs of EV-specific proteins, including the homolog of F13L, MC021L. To study the function of MC021, we replaced the F13L open reading frame in vaccinia virus with an epitope-tagged version of MC021L. The resulting virus (vMC021L-HA) had a small-plaque phenotype compared to vF13L-HA but larger than vΔF13L. The localization of MC021-HA was markedly different from that of F13-HA in infected cells, but MC021-HA was still incorporated in the EV membrane. Similar to F13-HA, MC021-HA was capable of interacting with both A33 and B5. Although MC021-HA expression did not fully restore plaque size, vMC021L-HA produced amounts of EV similar to those produced by vF13L-HA, suggesting that MC021 retained some of the functionality of F13. Further analysis revealed that EV produced from vMC021L-HA exhibit a marked reduction in target cell binding and an increase in dissolution, both of which correlated with a small-plaque phenotype.IMPORTANCE The vaccinia virus extracellular virion protein F13 is required for the production and release of infectious extracellular virus, which in turn is essential for the subsequent spread and pathogenesis of orthopoxviruses. Molluscum contagiosum virus infects millions of people worldwide each year, but it is unknown whether EV are produced during infection for spread. Molluscum contagiosum virus contains a homolog of F13L termed MC021L. To study the potential function of this homolog during infection, we utilized vaccinia virus as a surrogate and showed that a vaccinia virus expressing MC021L-HA in place of F13L-HA exhibits a small-plaque phenotype but produces similar levels of EV. These results suggest that MC021-HA can compensate for the loss of F13-HA by facilitating wrapping to produce EV and further delineates the dual role of F13 during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Monticelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Peter Bryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brian M Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Realegeno S, Priyamvada L, Kumar A, Blackburn JB, Hartloge C, Puschnik AS, Sambhara S, Olson VA, Carette JE, Lupashin V, Satheshkumar PS. Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Complex Proteins Facilitate Orthopoxvirus Entry, Fusion and Spread. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070707. [PMID: 32629851 PMCID: PMC7411930 DOI: 10.3390/v12070707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although orthopoxviruses (OPXV) are known to encode a majority of the genes required for replication in host cells, genome-wide genetic screens have revealed that several host pathways are indispensable for OPXV infection. Through a haploid genetic screen, we previously identified several host genes required for monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection, including the individual genes that form the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. The COG complex is an eight-protein (COG1-COG8) vesicle tethering complex important for regulating membrane trafficking, glycosylation enzymes, and maintaining Golgi structure. In this study, we investigated the role of the COG complex in OPXV infection using cell lines with individual COG gene knockout (KO) mutations. COG KO cells infected with MPXV and vaccinia virus (VACV) produced small plaques and a lower virus yield compared to wild type (WT) cells. In cells where the KO phenotype was reversed using a rescue plasmid, the size of virus plaques increased demonstrating a direct link between the decrease in viral spread and the KO of COG genes. KO cells infected with VACV displayed lower levels of viral fusion and entry compared to WT suggesting that the COG complex is important for early events in OPXV infection. Additionally, fewer actin tails were observed in VACV-infected KO cells compared to WT. Since COG complex proteins are required for cellular trafficking of glycosylated membrane proteins, the disruption of this process due to lack of individual COG complex proteins may potentially impair the virus-cell interactions required for viral entry and egress. These data validate that the COG complex previously identified in our genetic screens plays a role in OPXV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Realegeno
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Lalita Priyamvada
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Jessica B. Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.B.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Claire Hartloge
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Andreas S. Puschnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA; (A.S.P.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Victoria A. Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Jan E. Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA; (A.S.P.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Vladimir Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.B.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Panayampalli Subbian Satheshkumar
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA; (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (V.A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moss B. Investigating Viruses During the Transformation of Molecular Biology: Part II. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:15-36. [PMID: 32392458 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-021020-100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
My scientific career started at an extraordinary time, shortly after the discoveries of the helical structure of DNA, the central dogma of DNA to RNA to protein, and the genetic code. Part I of this series emphasizes my education and early studies highlighted by the isolation and characterization of numerous vaccinia virus enzymes, determination of the cap structure of messenger RNA, and development of poxviruses as gene expression vectors for use as recombinant vaccines. Here I describe a shift in my research focus to combine molecular biology and genetics for a comprehensive understanding of poxvirus biology. The dominant paradigm during the early years was to select a function, isolate the responsible proteins, and locate the corresponding gene, whereas later the common paradigm was to select a gene, make a mutation, and determine the altered function. Motivations, behind-the-scenes insights, importance of new technologies, and the vital roles of trainees and coworkers are emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Priyamvada L, Alabi P, Leon A, Kumar A, Sambhara S, Olson VA, Sello JK, Satheshkumar PS. Discovery of Retro-1 Analogs Exhibiting Enhanced Anti-vaccinia Virus Activity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:603. [PMID: 32390964 PMCID: PMC7190985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopoxviruses (OPXVs) are an increasing threat to human health due to the growing population of OPXV-naive individuals after the discontinuation of routine smallpox vaccination. Antiviral drugs that are effective as postexposure treatments against variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) or other OPXVs are critical in the event of an OPXV outbreak or exposure. The only US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug to treat smallpox, Tecovirimat (ST-246), exerts its antiviral effect by inhibiting extracellular virus (EV) formation, thereby preventing cell-cell and long-distance spread. We and others have previously demonstrated that host Golgi-associated retrograde proteins play an important role in monkeypox virus (MPXV) and vaccinia virus (VACV) EV formation. Inhibition of the retrograde pathway by small molecules such as Retro-2 has been shown to decrease VACV infection in vitro and to a lesser extent in vivo. To identify more potent inhibitors of the retrograde pathway, we screened a large panel of compounds containing a benzodiazepine scaffold like that of Retro-1, against VACV infection. We found that a subset of these compounds displayed better anti-VACV activity, causing a reduction in EV particle formation and viral spread compared to Retro-1. PA104 emerged as the most potent analog, inhibiting 90% viral spread at 1.3 μM with a high selectivity index. In addition, PA104 strongly inhibited two distinct ST-246-resistant viruses, demonstrating its potential benefit for use in combination therapy with ST-246. These data and further characterizations of the specific protein targets and in vivo efficacy of PA104 may have important implications for the design of effective antivirals against OPXV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Priyamvada
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Philip Alabi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Andres Leon
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Victoria A Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jason K Sello
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Functional dissection of the retrograde Shiga toxin trafficking inhibitor Retro-2. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:327-336. [PMID: 32080624 PMCID: PMC7039708 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The retrograde transport inhibitor Retro-2 has a protective effect on cells and in mice against Shiga-like toxins and ricin. Retro-2 causes toxin accumulation in early endosomes, and relocalization of the Golgi SNARE protein syntaxin-5 to the endoplasmic reticulum. The molecular mechanisms by which this is achieved remain unknown. Here, we show that Retro-2 targets the endoplasmic reticulum exit site component Sec16A, affecting anterograde transport of syntaxin-5 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. The formation of canonical SNARE complexes involving syntaxin-5 is not affected in Retro-2-treated cells. In contrast, the interaction of syntaxin-5 with a newly discovered binding partner, the retrograde trafficking chaperone GPP130, is abolished, and we show that GPP130 must indeed bind to syntaxin-5 to drive Shiga toxin transport from endosomes to the Golgi. We thereby identify Sec16A as a druggable target, and provide evidence for a non-SNARE function for syntaxin-5 in interaction with the GPP130.
Collapse
|
26
|
Specific Anchoring and Local Translation of Poxviral ATI mRNA at Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01671-19. [PMID: 31776279 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01671-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On-site translation of mRNAs provides an efficient means of subcellular protein localization. In eukaryotic cells, the transport of cellular mRNAs to membraneless sites usually occurs prior to translation and involves specific sequences known as zipcodes that interact with RNA binding and motor proteins. Poxviruses replicate in specialized cytoplasmic factory regions where DNA synthesis, transcription, translation, and virion assembly occur. Some poxviruses embed infectious virus particles outside of factories in membraneless protein bodies with liquid gel-like properties known as A-type inclusions (ATIs) that are comprised of numerous copies of the viral 150-kDa ATI protein. Here, we demonstrate by fluorescent in situ hybridization that these inclusions are decorated with ATI mRNA. On-site translation is supported by the localization of a translation initiation factor eIF4E and by ribosome-bound nascent chain ribopuromycylation. Nascent peptide-mediated anchoring of ribosome-mRNA translation complexes to the inclusions is suggested by release of the mRNA by puromycin, a peptide chain terminator. Following puromycin washout, relocalization of ATI mRNA at inclusions depends on RNA and protein synthesis but requires neither microtubules nor actin polymerization. Further studies show that the ATI mRNAs remain near the sites of transcription in the factory regions when stop codons are introduced near the N terminus of the ATI or large truncations are made at the N or C termini. Instead of using a zipcode, we propose that ATI mRNA localization is mediated by ribosome-bound nascent ATI polypeptides that interact with ATI protein in inclusions and thereby anchor the complex for multiple rounds of mRNA translation.IMPORTANCE Poxvirus genome replication, transcription, translation, and virion assembly occur at sites within the cytoplasm known as factories. Some poxviruses sequester infectious virions outside of the factories in inclusion bodies comprised of numerous copies of the 150-kDa ATI protein, which can provide stability and protection in the environment. We provide evidence that ATI mRNA is anchored by nascent peptides and translated at the inclusion sites rather than in virus factories. Association of ATI mRNA with inclusion bodies allows multiple rounds of local translation and prevents premature ATI protein aggregation and trapping of virions within the factory.
Collapse
|
27
|
Morgens DW, Chan C, Kane AJ, Weir NR, Li A, Dubreuil MM, Tsui CK, Hess GT, Lavertu A, Han K, Polyakov N, Zhou J, Handy EL, Alabi P, Dombroski A, Yao D, Altman RB, Sello JK, Denic V, Bassik MC. Retro-2 protects cells from ricin toxicity by inhibiting ASNA1-mediated ER targeting and insertion of tail-anchored proteins. eLife 2019; 8:48434. [PMID: 31674906 PMCID: PMC6858068 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The small molecule Retro-2 prevents ricin toxicity through a poorly-defined mechanism of action (MOA), which involves halting retrograde vesicle transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). CRISPRi genetic interaction analysis revealed Retro-2 activity resembles disruption of the transmembrane domain recognition complex (TRC) pathway, which mediates post-translational ER-targeting and insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins, including SNAREs required for retrograde transport. Cell-based and in vitro assays show that Retro-2 blocks delivery of newly-synthesized TA-proteins to the ER-targeting factor ASNA1 (TRC40). An ASNA1 point mutant identified using CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis abolishes both the cytoprotective effect of Retro-2 against ricin and its inhibitory effect on ASNA1-mediated ER-targeting. Together, our work explains how Retro-2 prevents retrograde trafficking of toxins by inhibiting TA-protein targeting, describes a general CRISPR strategy for predicting the MOA of small molecules, and paves the way for drugging the TRC pathway to treat broad classes of viruses known to be inhibited by Retro-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Morgens
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Charlene Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Northwest Labs, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Andrew J Kane
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Northwest Labs, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nicholas R Weir
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Northwest Labs, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | | | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Gaelen T Hess
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Adam Lavertu
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Kyuho Han
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Nicole Polyakov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Northwest Labs, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Northwest Labs, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Emma L Handy
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Philip Alabi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Amanda Dombroski
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - David Yao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Russ B Altman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Jason K Sello
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Vladimir Denic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Northwest Labs, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sakamoto S, Yamaura K, Numata T, Harada F, Amaike K, Inoue R, Kiyonaka S, Hamachi I. Construction of a Fluorescent Screening System of Allosteric Modulators for the GABA A Receptor Using a Turn-On Probe. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1541-1553. [PMID: 31572781 PMCID: PMC6764212 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The fast inhibitory actions of GABA are mainly mediated by GABAA receptors (GABAARs), which are widely recognized as clinically relevant drug targets. However, it remains difficult to create screening systems for drug candidates that act on GABAARs because of the existence of multiple ligand-binding sites and the delicate pentameric structures of GABAARs. We here developed the first turn-on fluorescent imaging probe for GABAARs, which can be used to quantitatively evaluate ligand-receptor interactions under live cell conditions. Using noncovalent labeling of GABAARs with this turn-on probe, a new imaging-based ligand assay system, which allows discovery of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for the GABAAR, was successfully constructed. Our system is applicable to high-throughput ligand screening, and we discovered new small molecules that function as PAMs for GABAARs. These results highlight the power of the use of a turn-on fluorescent probe to screen drugs for complicated membrane proteins that cannot be addressed by conventional methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Sakamoto
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Yamaura
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka
University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Fumio Harada
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuma Amaike
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryuji Inoue
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka
University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kiyonaka
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nakatake M, Kurosaki H, Kuwano N, Horita K, Ito M, Kono H, Okamura T, Hasegawa K, Yasutomi Y, Nakamura T. Partial Deletion of Glycoprotein B5R Enhances Vaccinia Virus Neutralization Escape while Preserving Oncolytic Function. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 14:159-171. [PMID: 31236440 PMCID: PMC6580015 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VV) has been utilized in oncolytic virotherapy, but it risks a host antiviral immune response. VV has an extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) form consisting of a normal virion covered with a host-derived outer membrane that enables its spread via circulation while evading host immune mechanisms. However, the immune resistance of EEV is only partial, owing to expression of the surface protein B5R, which has four short consensus repeat (SCR) domains that are targeted by host immune factors. To engineer a more effective virus for oncolytic virotherapy, we developed an enhanced immune-evading oncolytic VV by removing the SCRs from the attenuated strain LC16mO. Although deletion of only the SCRs preserved viral replication, progeny production, and oncolytic activity, deletion of whole B5R led to attenuation of the virus. Importantly, SCR-deleted EEV had higher neutralization resistance than did B5R-wild-type EEV against VV-immunized animal serum; moreover, it retained oncolytic function, thereby prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice treated with anti-VV antibody. These results demonstrate that partial SCR deletion increases neutralization escape without affecting the oncolytic potency of VV, making it useful for the treatment of tumors under the anti-virus antibody existence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Nakatake
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hajime Kurosaki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kuwano
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kosuke Horita
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mai Ito
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kono
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Okamura
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Desai D, Lauver M, Ostman A, Cruz L, Ferguson K, Jin G, Roper B, Brosius D, Lukacher A, Amin S, Buchkovich N. Inhibition of diverse opportunistic viruses by structurally optimized retrograde trafficking inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1795-1803. [PMID: 30890396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic viruses are a major problem for immunosuppressed individuals, particularly following organ or stem cell transplantation. Current treatments are non-existent or suffer from problems such as high toxicity or development of resistant strains. We previously published that a trafficking inhibitor that targets a host protein greatly reduces the replication of human cytomegalovirus. This inhibitor was also shown to be moderately effective against polyomaviruses, another family of opportunistic viruses. We have developed a panel of analogues for this inhibitor and have shown that these analogues maintain their high efficacy against HCMV, while substantially lowering the concentration required to inhibit polyomavirus replication. By targeting a host protein these compounds are able to inhibit the replication of two very different viruses. These observations open up the possibility of pan-viral inhibitors for immunosuppressed individuals that are effective against multiple, diverse opportunistic viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Matthew Lauver
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Alexandria Ostman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Linda Cruz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Kevin Ferguson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Brianne Roper
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Daniel Brosius
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Aron Lukacher
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Nick Buchkovich
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The Ectodomain of the Vaccinia Virus Glycoprotein A34 Is Required for Cell Binding by Extracellular Virions and Contains a Large Region Capable of Interaction with Glycoprotein B5. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01343-18. [PMID: 30463966 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01343-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An interaction between the orthopoxvirus glycoproteins A34 and B5 has been reported. The transmembrane and ectodomain of A34 are sufficient for interaction with B5, localization of B5 to the site of intracellular wrapping, and subsequent incorporation into the envelope of released extracellular virions. Several mutagenic approaches were undertaken to better define the B5 interaction domain on A34. A set of C-terminal truncations in A34 identified residues 1 to 80 as sufficient for interaction with B5. Additional truncations identified residues 80 to 130 of A34 as sufficient for interaction with B5. To better understand the function of this region, a set of recombinant viruses expressing A34 with the full, partial, or no B5 interaction site (residues 1 to 130, 1 to 100, and 1 to 70, respectively) was constructed. All the recombinants expressing truncations of A34 incorporated B5 into extracellular virions but had a small-plaque phenotype similar to that of a virus with the A34R gene deleted (vΔA34R). Further characterization indicated that the small-plaque phenotype exhibited by these viruses is due to a combination of abrogated actin tail formation, reduced cell binding, and a defect in polyanion-induced nonfusogenic dissolution. Taken together, these results suggest that residues 80 to 130 of A34 are not necessary for the proper localization and incorporation of B5 into extracellular virions and, furthermore, that the C-terminal residues of A34 are involved in cell binding and dissolution.IMPORTANCE Previous studies have shown that the vaccinia virus glycoproteins A34 and B5 interact, and in the absence of A34, B5 is mislocalized and not incorporated into extracellular virions. Here, using a transient-transfection assay, residues 80 to 130 of the ectodomain of A34 were determined to be sufficient for interaction with B5. Recombinant viruses expressing A34 with a full, partial, or no B5 interaction site were constructed and characterized. All of the A34 truncations interacted with B5 as predicted by the transient-transfection studies but had a small-plaque phenotype. Further analysis revealed that all of the recombinants incorporated detectable levels of B5 into released virions but were defective in cell binding and extracellular virion (EV) dissolution. This study is the first to directly demonstrate that A34 is involved in cell binding and implicate the ectodomain in this role.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central intracellular membrane-bound organelle with key functions in trafficking, processing, and sorting of newly synthesized membrane and secretory proteins and lipids. To best perform these functions, Golgi membranes form a unique stacked structure. The Golgi structure is dynamic but tightly regulated; it undergoes rapid disassembly and reassembly during the cell cycle of mammalian cells and is disrupted under certain stress and pathological conditions. In the past decade, significant amount of effort has been made to reveal the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Golgi membrane architecture and function. Here we review the major discoveries in the mechanisms of Golgi structure formation, regulation, and alteration in relation to its functions in physiological and pathological conditions to further our understanding of Golgi structure and function in health and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erpan Ahat
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The vaccinia virus protein F13, encoded by the F13L gene, is conserved across the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae and is critical among orthopoxviruses to produce the wrapped form of virus that is required for cell-to-cell spread. F13 is the major envelope protein on the membrane of extracellular forms of virus; however, it is not known if F13 is required in steps postwrapping. In this report, we utilize two temperature-sensitive vaccinia virus mutants from the Condit collection of temperature-sensitive viruses whose small plaque phenotypes have been mapped to the F13L gene. Despite the drastic reduction in plaque size, the temperature-sensitive viruses were found to produce levels of extracellular virions similar to those of the parental strain, Western Reserve (WR), at the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures, suggesting that they are not defective in extracellular virion formation. Analyses of extracellular virions produced by one temperature-sensitive mutant found that those produced at the nonpermissive temperature had undetectable levels of F13 and bound cells with efficiency similar to that of WR but displayed delayed cell entry kinetics. Additionally, low-pH treatment of cells bound by extracellular virions produced at the nonpermissive temperature by the temperature-sensitive reporter virus was unable to overcome a block in infection by bafilomycin A1, suggesting that these virions display increased resistance to dissolution of the extracellular virion envelope. Taken together, our results suggest that F13 plays a role both in the formation of extracellular virions and in the promotion of their rapid entry into cells by enhancing the sensitivity of the membrane to acid-induced dissolution.IMPORTANCE Vaccinia virus (VACV) is an orthopoxvirus and produces two infectious forms, mature virions (MV) and extracellular virions (EV). EV are derived from MV and contain an additional membrane that must first be removed prior to cell entry. F13 is critical for the formation of EV, but a postenvelopment role has not been described. Here, two temperature-sensitive VACV mutants whose deficiencies were previously mapped to the F13L locus are characterized. Both viruses produced EV at the nonpermissive temperature at levels similar to those of a virus that has F13L, yet they had a small plaque phenotype and rate of spread similar to that of an F13L deletion virus. F13 was undetectable on the EV membrane at the nonpermissive temperature, and these EV exhibited delayed cell entry kinetics compared to EV containing F13. This study is the first to conclusively demonstrate a novel role for F13 in cell entry of the EV form of the virus.
Collapse
|
35
|
Witte R, Andriasyan V, Georgi F, Yakimovich A, Greber UF. Concepts in Light Microscopy of Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E202. [PMID: 29670029 PMCID: PMC5923496 DOI: 10.3390/v10040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses threaten humans, livestock, and plants, and are difficult to combat. Imaging of viruses by light microscopy is key to uncover the nature of known and emerging viruses in the quest for finding new ways to treat viral disease and deepening the understanding of virus–host interactions. Here, we provide an overview of recent technology for imaging cells and viruses by light microscopy, in particular fluorescence microscopy in static and live-cell modes. The review lays out guidelines for how novel fluorescent chemical probes and proteins can be used in light microscopy to illuminate cells, and how they can be used to study virus infections. We discuss advantages and opportunities of confocal and multi-photon microscopy, selective plane illumination microscopy, and super-resolution microscopy. We emphasize the prevalent concepts in image processing and data analyses, and provide an outlook into label-free digital holographic microscopy for virus research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Witte
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Vardan Andriasyan
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Fanny Georgi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Artur Yakimovich
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dietz AN, Villinger C, Becker S, Frick M, von Einem J. A Tyrosine-Based Trafficking Motif of the Tegument Protein pUL71 Is Crucial for Human Cytomegalovirus Secondary Envelopment. J Virol 2018; 92:e00907-17. [PMID: 29046458 PMCID: PMC5730796 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00907-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) tegument protein pUL71 is required for efficient secondary envelopment and accumulates at the Golgi compartment-derived viral assembly complex (vAC) during infection. Analysis of various C-terminally truncated pUL71 proteins fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) identified amino acids 23 to 34 as important determinants for its Golgi complex localization. Sequence analysis and mutational verification revealed the presence of an N-terminal tyrosine-based trafficking motif (YXXΦ) in pUL71. This led us to hypothesize a requirement of the YXXΦ motif for the function of pUL71 in infection. Mutation of both the tyrosine residue and the entire YXXΦ motif resulted in an altered distribution of mutant pUL71 at the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm during infection. Both YXXΦ mutant viruses exhibited similarly decreased focal growth and reduced virus yields in supernatants. Ultrastructurally, mutant-virus-infected cells exhibited impaired secondary envelopment manifested by accumulations of capsids undergoing an envelopment process. Additionally, clusters of capsid accumulations surrounding the vAC were observed, similar to the ultrastructural phenotype of a UL71-deficient mutant. The importance of endocytosis and thus the YXXΦ motif for targeting pUL71 to the Golgi complex was further demonstrated when clathrin-mediated endocytosis was inhibited either by coexpression of the C-terminal part of cellular AP180 (AP180-C) or by treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Both conditions resulted in a plasma membrane accumulation of pUL71. Altogether, these data reveal the presence of a functional N-terminal endocytosis motif that is an important determinant for intracellular localization of pUL71 and that is furthermore required for the function of pUL71 during secondary envelopment of HCMV capsids at the vAC.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of birth defects among congenital virus infections and can lead to life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts. Current antiviral treatments target viral genome replication and are increasingly overcome by viral mutations. Therefore, identifying new targets for antiviral therapy is important for future development of novel treatment options. A detailed molecular understanding of the complex virus morphogenesis will identify potential viral as well as cellular targets for antiviral intervention. Secondary envelopment is an important viral process through which infectious virus particles are generated and which involves the action of several viral proteins, such as tegument protein pUL71. Targeting of pUL71 to the site of secondary envelopment appears to be crucial for its function during this process and is regulated by utilizing host trafficking mechanisms that are commonly exploited by viral glycoproteins. Thus, intracellular trafficking, if targeted, might present a novel target for antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Dietz
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clarissa Villinger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens von Einem
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Carpentier DCJ, Hollinshead MS, Ewles HA, Lee SA, Smith GL. Tagging of the vaccinia virus protein F13 with mCherry causes aberrant virion morphogenesis. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2543-2555. [PMID: 28933687 PMCID: PMC5725974 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus produces two distinct infectious virions; the single-enveloped intracellular mature virus (IMV), which remains in the cell until cell lysis, and the double-enveloped extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), which mediates virus spread. The latter is derived from a triple-enveloped intracellular enveloped virus (IEV) precursor, which is transported to the cell periphery by the kinesin-1 motor complex. This transport involves the viral protein A36 as well as F12 and E2. A36 is an integral membrane protein associated with the outer virus envelope and is the only known direct link between virion and kinesin-1 complex. Yet in the absence of A36 virion egress still occurs on microtubules, albeit at reduced efficiency. In this paper double-fluorescent labelling of the capsid protein A5 and outer-envelope protein F13 was exploited to visualize IEV transport by live-cell imaging in the absence of either A36 or F12. During the generation of recombinant viruses expressing both A5-GFP and F13-mCherry a plaque size defect was identified that was particularly severe in viruses lacking A36. Electron microscopy showed that this phenotype was caused by abnormal wrapping of IMV to form IEV, and this resulted in reduced virus egress to the cell surface. The aberrant wrapping phenotype suggests that the fluorescent fusion protein interferes with an interaction of F13 with the IMV surface that is required for tight association between IMVs and wrapping membranes. The severity of this defect suggests that these viruses are imperfect tools for characterizing virus egress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C J Carpentier
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Michael S Hollinshead
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Helen A Ewles
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Stacey-Ann Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,Present address: The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhou L, Wang W, Hoppel C, Liu J, Zhu X. Parkinson's disease-associated pathogenic VPS35 mutation causes complex I deficits. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2791-2795. [PMID: 28765075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defect in the complex I of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain is a characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) which is thought to play a critical role in the disease pathogenesis. Mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) cause autosomal dominant PD and we recently demonstrated that pathogenic VPS35 mutations cause mitochondrial damage through enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation. In this study, we aimed to determine whether pathogenic VPS35 mutation impacts the activity of complex I and its underlying mechanism. Indeed, VPS35 D620N mutation led to decreased enzymatic activity and respiratory defects in complex I and II in patient fibroblasts. While no changes in the expression of the complex I and II subunits were noted, the level of assembled complex I and II as well as the supercomplex was significantly reduced in D620N fibroblasts. Importantly, inhibition of mitochondrial fission rescued the contents of assembled complexes as well as the functional defects in complex I and II. Overall, these results suggest that VPS35 D620N mutation-induced excessive mitochondrial fission leads to the defects in the assembled complex I and supercomplex and causes bioenergetics deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leping Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wenzhang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Antiviral effects of Retro-2 cycl and Retro-2.1 against Enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:311-321. [PMID: 28688753 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), especially the form associated with fatal neurological disorders. Sustained outbreaks of EV71 infections remain a serious health threat worldwide. However, no antiviral agent against EV71 for clinical therapy has been approved. Retro-2cycl and Retro-2.1 are inhibitors of several pathogens specifically targeting the intracellular vesicle transport, which also participates in the EV71 lifecycle processes including progeny virus release. Here, we reported that Retro-2cycl and Retro-2.1, respectively, could inhibit EV71 infection with 50% effective concentrations of 12.56 μM and 0.05 μM in a cytopathic effect inhibition assay and showed relatively low cytotoxicity with 50% cytotoxicity concentrations of more than 500 μM and 267.80 μM. Preliminary mechanism studies revealed that Retro-2cycl and Retro-2.1 did not inhibit EV71 protein synthesis or RNA replication but could block progeny EV71 release specifically. Furthermore, administration of Retro-2cycl at the dose of 10 mg/kg significantly protected 90% of newborn mice from lethal EV71 challenge. Consequently, our results for the first time identified Retro-2cycl and Retro-2.1 as effective inhibitors of EV71 as well as lead compounds, which would contribute to anti-EV71 drug development. We also identified progeny virus release and the intracellular vesicle transport as antiviral targets for EV71.
Collapse
|
40
|
Carpentier DCJ, Van Loggerenberg A, Dieckmann NMG, Smith GL. Vaccinia virus egress mediated by virus protein A36 is reliant on the F12 protein. J Gen Virol 2017. [PMID: 28631604 PMCID: PMC5656793 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Egress of vaccinia virus from its host cell is mediated by the microtubule-associated motor kinesin-1, and three viral proteins, A36 and the F12/E2 complex, have been implicated in this process. Deletion of F12 expression causes a more severe reduction in egress than deletion of A36 but whether these proteins are involved in the same or different mechanisms of kinesin-1 recruitment is unknown. Here it is shown that a virus lacking both proteins forms a smaller plaque than mutants lacking either gene alone, indicating non-redundant functions. A36 not only links virions directly to kinesin-1 but also nucleates actin polymerization to propel surface virions away from the host cell. To address the relative importance of these functions for virus spread, a panel of recombinant viruses was constructed in which the ability of A36 to bind kinesin-1 or to nucleate actin polymerization was abrogated individually or together, in the presence or absence of F12 expression. Analysis of these viruses revealed that in the presence of the F12 protein, loss of kinesin-1 interaction made a greater contribution to plaque size than did the formation of actin tails. However in the absence of F12, the ability of A36 to promote egress was abrogated. Therefore, the ability of A36 to promote egress by kinesin-1 is reliant on the F12 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C J Carpentier
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | | | - Nele M G Dieckmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,Present address: Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Realegeno S, Puschnik AS, Kumar A, Goldsmith C, Burgado J, Sambhara S, Olson VA, Carroll D, Damon I, Hirata T, Kinoshita T, Carette JE, Satheshkumar PS. Monkeypox Virus Host Factor Screen Using Haploid Cells Identifies Essential Role of GARP Complex in Extracellular Virus Formation. J Virol 2017; 91:e00011-17. [PMID: 28331092 PMCID: PMC5432867 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00011-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a human pathogen that is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which includes Vaccinia virus and Variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox). Human monkeypox is considered an emerging zoonotic infectious disease. To identify host factors required for MPXV infection, we performed a genome-wide insertional mutagenesis screen in human haploid cells. The screen revealed several candidate genes, including those involved in Golgi trafficking, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. We validated the role of a set of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes during infection, VPS51 to VPS54 (VPS51-54), which comprise the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex. The GARP complex is a tethering complex involved in retrograde transport of endosomes to the trans-Golgi apparatus. Our data demonstrate that VPS52 and VPS54 were dispensable for mature virion (MV) production but were required for extracellular virus (EV) formation. For comparison, a known antiviral compound, ST-246, was used in our experiments, demonstrating that EV titers in VPS52 and VPS54 knockout (KO) cells were comparable to levels exhibited by ST-246-treated wild-type cells. Confocal microscopy was used to examine actin tail formation, one of the viral egress mechanisms for cell-to-cell dissemination, and revealed an absence of actin tails in VPS52KO- or VPS54KO-infected cells. Further evaluation of these cells by electron microscopy demonstrated a decrease in levels of wrapped viruses (WVs) compared to those seen with the wild-type control. Collectively, our data demonstrate the role of GARP complex genes in double-membrane wrapping of MVs necessary for EV formation, implicating the host endosomal trafficking pathway in orthopoxvirus infection.IMPORTANCE Human monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic infectious disease caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV). Of the two MPXV clades, the Congo Basin strain is associated with severe disease, increased mortality, and increased human-to-human transmission relative to the West African strain. Monkeypox is endemic in regions of western and central Africa but was introduced into the United States in 2003 from the importation of infected animals. The threat of MPXV and other orthopoxviruses is increasing due to the absence of routine smallpox vaccination leading to a higher proportion of naive populations. In this study, we have identified and validated candidate genes that are required for MPXV infection, specifically, those associated with the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex. Identifying host targets required for infection that prevents extracellular virus formation such as the GARP complex or the retrograde pathway can provide a potential target for antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Realegeno
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andreas S Puschnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia Goldsmith
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jillybeth Burgado
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria A Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Darin Carroll
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Inger Damon
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Panayampalli Subbian Satheshkumar
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Craig E, Huyghues-Despointes CE, Yu C, Handy EL, Sello JK, Kima PE. Structurally optimized analogs of the retrograde trafficking inhibitor Retro-2cycl limit Leishmania infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005556. [PMID: 28505157 PMCID: PMC5444862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In infected mammalian cells, Leishmania parasites reside within specialized compartments called parasitophorous vacuoles (LPVs). We have previously shown that Retro-2, a member of a novel class of small retrograde pathway inhibitors caused reduced LPV sizes and lower parasite numbers during experimental L. mexicana sp. infections. The purpose of this study was to determine if structural analogs of Retro-2cycl reported to have superior potency in the inhibition of retrograde pathway-dependent phenomena (i.e., polyomavirus cellular infection by polyomavrius and Shiga toxin trafficking in cells) are also more effective than the parent compound at controlling Leishmania infections. In addition to their effects on LPV development, we show that two optimized analogs of Retro-2cycl, DHQZ 36 and DHQZ 36.1 limit Leishmania amazonensis infection in macrophages at EC50 of 13.63+/-2.58μM and10.57+/-2.66μM, respectively, which is significantly lower than 40.15μM the EC50 of Retro-2cycl. In addition, these analogs caused a reversal in Leishmania induced suppression of IL-6 release by infected cells after LPS activation. Moreover, we show that in contrast to Retro-2cycl that is Leishmania static, the analogs can kill Leishmania parasites in axenic cultures, which is a desirable attribute for any drug to treat Leishmania infections. Together, these studies validate and extend the published structure-activity relationship analyses of Retro-2cycl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Craig
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Chun Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Handy
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Jason K. Sello
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Peter E. Kima
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Triad of human cellular proteins, IRF2, FAM111A, and RFC3, restrict replication of orthopoxvirus SPI-1 host-range mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3720-3725. [PMID: 28320935 PMCID: PMC5389286 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700678114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses and their hosts can reach balanced states of evolution ensuring mutual survival, which makes it difficult to appreciate the underlying dynamics. To uncover hidden interactions, virus mutants that have lost defense genes may be used. Deletion of the gene that encodes serine protease inhibitor 1 (SPI-1) of rabbitpox virus and vaccinia virus, two closely related orthopoxviruses, prevents their efficient replication in human cells, whereas certain other mammalian cells remain fully permissive. Our high-throughput genome-wide siRNA screen identified host factors that prevent reproduction and spread of the mutant viruses in human cells. More than 20,000 genes were interrogated with individual siRNAs and those that prominently increased replication of the SPI-1 deletion mutant were subjected to a secondary screen. The top hits based on the combined data-replication factor C3 (RFC3), FAM111A, and interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2)-were confirmed by custom assays. The siRNAs to RFC1, RFC2, RFC4, and RFC5 mRNAs also enhanced spread of the mutant virus, strengthening the biological significance of the RFC complex as a host restriction factor for poxviruses. Whereas association with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and participation in processive genome replication are common features of FAM111A and RFC, IRF2 is a transcriptional regulator. Microarray analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunoblotting revealed that IRF2 regulated the basal level expression of FAM111A, suggesting that the enhancing effect of depleting IRF2 on replication of the SPI-1 mutant was indirect. Thus, the viral SPI-1 protein and the host IRF2, FAM111A, and RFC complex likely form an interaction network that influences the ability of poxviruses to replicate in human cells.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus and its resident proteins are utilized and regulated by viruses to facilitate their proliferation. In this study, we investigated Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) proliferation when the function of the Golgi was disturbed. Golgi function was disturbed using chemical inhibitors, namely, brefeldin A (BFA) and golgicide A (GCA), and RNA interfering targets, such as the Golgi-specific BFA-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (GBF1) and Rab2 GTPases. CSFV proliferation was significantly inhibited during RNA replication and viral particle generation after BFA and GCA treatment. CSFV multiplication dynamics were retarded in cells transfected with GBF1 and Rab2 shRNA. Furthermore, CSFV proliferation was promoted by GBF1 and Rab2 overexpression using a lentiviral system. Hence, Golgi function is important for CSFV multiplication, and GBF1 and Rab2 participate in CSFV proliferation. Further studies must investigate Golgi-resident proteins to elucidate the mechanism underlying CSFV replication.
Collapse
|
45
|
Vaccinia Virus Uses Retromer-Independent Cellular Retrograde Transport Pathways To Facilitate the Wrapping of Intracellular Mature Virions during Virus Morphogenesis. J Virol 2016; 90:10120-10132. [PMID: 27581988 PMCID: PMC5105650 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01464-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poxviruses, such as vaccinia virus (VACV), undertake a complex cytoplasmic replication cycle which involves morphogenesis through four distinct virion forms and includes a crucial wrapping step whereby intracellular mature virions (IMVs) are wrapped in two additional membranes to form intracellular enveloped virions (IEVs). To determine if cellular retrograde transport pathways are required for this wrapping step, we examined VACV morphogenesis in cells with reduced expression of the tetrameric tethering factor known as the GARP (Golgi-associated retrograde pathway), a central component of retrograde transport. VACV multistep replication was significantly impaired in cells transfected with small interfering RNA targeting the GARP complex and in cells with a mutated GARP complex. Detailed analysis revealed that depletion of the GARP complex resulted in a reduction in the number of IEVs, thereby linking retrograde transport with the wrapping of IMVs. In addition, foci of viral wrapping membrane proteins without an associated internal core accumulated in cells with a mutated GARP complex, suggesting that impaired retrograde transport uncouples nascent IMVs from the IEV membranes at the site of wrapping. Finally, small-molecule inhibitors of retrograde transport strongly suppressed VACV multistep growth in vitro and reduced weight loss and clinical signs in an in vivo murine model of systemic poxviral disease. This work links cellular retrograde transport pathways with the morphogenesis of poxviruses and identifies a panel of novel inhibitors of poxvirus replication. IMPORTANCE Cellular retrograde transport pathways traffic cargo from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network and are a key part of the intracellular membrane network. This work reveals that the prototypic poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) exploits cellular retrograde transport pathways to facilitate the wrapping of intracellular mature virions and therefore promote the production of extracellular virus. Inhibition of retrograde transport by small-molecule inhibitors reduced the replication of VACV in cell culture and alleviated disease in mice experimentally infected with VACV. This research provides fundamental new knowledge about the wrapping step of poxvirus morphogenesis, furthers our knowledge of the complex cellular retrograde pathways, and identifies a new group of antipoxvirus drugs.
Collapse
|
46
|
Gupta N, Noël R, Goudet A, Hinsinger K, Michau A, Pons V, Abdelkafi H, Secher T, Shima A, Shtanko O, Sakurai Y, Cojean S, Pomel S, Liévin-Le Moal V, Leignel V, Herweg JA, Fischer A, Johannes L, Harrison K, Beard PM, Clayette P, Le Grand R, Rayner JO, Rudel T, Vacus J, Loiseau PM, Davey RA, Oswald E, Cintrat JC, Barbier J, Gillet D. Inhibitors of retrograde trafficking active against ricin and Shiga toxins also protect cells from several viruses, Leishmania and Chlamydiales. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 267:96-103. [PMID: 27712998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medical countermeasures to treat biothreat agent infections require broad-spectrum therapeutics that do not induce agent resistance. A cell-based high-throughput screen (HTS) against ricin toxin combined with hit optimization allowed selection of a family of compounds that meet these requirements. The hit compound Retro-2 and its derivatives have been demonstrated to be safe in vivo in mice even at high doses. Moreover, Retro-2 is an inhibitor of retrograde transport that affects syntaxin-5-dependent toxins and pathogens. As a consequence, it has a broad-spectrum activity that has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo against ricin, Shiga toxin-producing O104:H4 entero-hemorrhagic E. coli and Leishmania sp. and in vitro against Ebola, Marburg and poxviruses and Chlamydiales. An effect is anticipated on other toxins or pathogens that use retrograde trafficking and syntaxin-5. Since Retro-2 targets cell components of the host and not directly the pathogen, no selection of resistant pathogens is expected. These lead compounds need now to be developed as drugs for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Gupta
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Romain Noël
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Amélie Goudet
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Karen Hinsinger
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Aurélien Michau
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Pons
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Hajer Abdelkafi
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Olena Shtanko
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Sandrine Cojean
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sébastien Pomel
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vanessa Liévin-Le Moal
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Véronique Leignel
- DRUGABILIS (French Research Performer SME), F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jo-Ana Herweg
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Fischer
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery Group, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris Cedex 05, France; CNRS, UMR3666, F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, U1143, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Kate Harrison
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa M Beard
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey GH24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Clayette
- ImmunoPharmacology and Biosafety Laboratory, BERTIN Pharma, CEA, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, CEA, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Infrastructure, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM, U1184, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; University of Paris South, U1184, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Jonathan O Rayner
- Infectious Disease Research, Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Thomas Rudel
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joël Vacus
- DRUGABILIS (French Research Performer SME), F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076, CNRS BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Robert A Davey
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Julien Barbier
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Gillet
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay (IBITECS), CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|