1
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Abe-Chayama H, Kawase T, Ichinohe T, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Hijikata M, Chayama K. Hepatitis B virus-specific human stem cell memory T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells and eradicate HBV-infected hepatocytes in mice. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1354-1365. [PMID: 38594179 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) induces progressive hepatic impairment. Achieving complete eradication of the virus remains a formidable challenge. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, specific to viral antigens, either exhibit a numerical deficiency or succumb to an exhausted state in individuals chronically afflicted with HBV. The comprehension of the genesis and dissemination of stem cell memory T cells (TSCMs) targeting HBV remains inadequately elucidated. We identified TSCMs in subjects with chronic HBV infection and scrutinized their efficacy in a murine model with human hepatocyte transplants, specifically the TK-NOG mice. TSCMs were discerned in all subjects under examination. Introduction of TSCMs into the HBV mouse model precipitated a severe necro-inflammatory response, resulting in the elimination of human hepatocytes. TSCMs may constitute a valuable tool in the pursuit of a remedial therapy for HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Takakazu Kawase
- Department of Immune Regenerative Medicine, International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ichinohe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Hiroshima Institute of Life Sciences, Japan
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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2
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Uchida T, Imamura M, Hayes CN, Suehiro Y, Teraoka Y, Ohya K, Aikata H, Abe-Chayama H, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Hara Y, Hino K, Okamoto T, Matsuura Y, Aizaki H, Wake K, Kohara M, Liang TJ, Oka S, Chayama K. HBV with precore and basal core promoter mutations exhibits a high replication phenotype and causes ER stress-mediated cell death in humanized liver chimeric mice. Hepatology 2023; 78:929-942. [PMID: 36896966 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mutations within the precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) regions of the HBV genome are associated with fulminant hepatitis and HBV reactivation. These mutations may enhance viral replication, but little is known about whether they directly induce damage to the liver. We investigated mechanisms of direct cytopathic effects induced by the infection with PC/BCP mutants in the absence of immune response in vitro and in vivo . APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice with humanized livers and hepatocytes derived from humanized mice were infected with either wild-type or mutant-type PC/BCP HBV, and the HBV replication and human hepatocyte damage were evaluated. HBV proliferated vigorously in mice with PC/BCP-mutant infection, and the severe loss of human hepatocytes with a slight human ALT elevation subsequently occurred only in PC/BCP mutant mice. In PC/BCP mutant infection, the accumulation of HBsAg in humanized livers colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to apoptosis through unfolded protein response in HBV-infected hepatocytes. RNA-sequencing revealed the molecular characteristics of the phenotype of PC/BCP mutant infection in a humanized mouse model. Reduced ALT elevation and higher HBV DNA levels in this model are consistent with characteristics of HBV reactivation, indicating that the hepatocyte damage in this model might mimic HBV reactivation followed by hepatocyte damage under immunosuppressive conditions. CONCLUSION PC and BCP mutations were associated with enhanced viral replication and cell death induced by ER stress using HBV infection models. These mutations might be associated with liver damage in patients with fulminant hepatitis or HBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Suehiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hara
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hino
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Aizaki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Wake
- Liver Research Unit, Minophagen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Hiroshima Institute of Life Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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3
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Ji J, Yang M, Jia J, Wu Q, Cong R, Cui H, Zhu B, Chu X. A novel variant in NBAS identified from an infant with fever-triggered recurrent acute liver failure disrupts the function of the gene. Hum Genome Var 2023; 10:13. [PMID: 37055399 PMCID: PMC10102179 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-023-00241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the neuroblastoma amplified sequence (NBAS) gene correlate with infantile acute liver failure (ALF). Herein, we identified a novel NBAS mutation in a female infant diagnosed with recurrent ALF. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing revealed that the proband carried a compound heterozygous mutation (c.938_939delGC and c.1342 T > C in NBAS). NBAS c.938_939delGC was presumed to encode a truncated protein without normal function, whereas NBAS c.1342 T > C encoded NBAS harboring the conserved Cys448 residue mutated to Arg448 (p.C448R). The proportion of CD4 + T cells decreased in the patient's peripheral CD45 + cells, whereas that of CD8 + T cells increased. Moreover, upon transfecting the same amount of DNA expression vector (ectopic expression) encoding wild-type NBAS and p.C448R NBAS, the group transfected with the p.C448R NBAS-expressing vector expressed less NBAS mRNA and protein. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the same amount of p.C448R NBAS protein as the wild-type resulted in more intracellular reactive oxygen species and the induction of apoptosis and expression of marker proteins correlating with endoplasmic reticulum stress in more cultured cells. This study indicated that p.C448R NBAS has a function different from that of wild-type NBAS and that the p.C448R NBAS mutation potentially affects T-cell function and correlates with ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - JunJun Jia
- Qinshen Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Outpatient Department, 20052, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruochen Cong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengxiang Cui
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Baofeng Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xin Chu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Uchida T, Teraoka Y, Imamura M, Abe-Chayama H, Makokha GN, Hayes CN, Aikata H, Hamamura S, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Shirouzu T, Kawai S, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H, Okada S, Chayama K. A novel cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2 -/- /Jak3 -/- mouse model for hepatitis virus infection and reconstruction of human immune system. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:262-272. [PMID: 36575861 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although human hepatocyte-transplanted immunodeficient mice support infection with hepatitis viruses, these mice fail to develop viral hepatitis due to the lack of an adaptive immune system. In this study, we generated new immunodeficiency cDNA-urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/SCID/Rag2-/- /Jak3-/- mice and established a mouse model with both a humanized liver and immune system. Transplantation of human hepatocytes with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24 resulted in establishment of a highly replaced liver in cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2-/- /Jak3-/- mice. These mice were successfully infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) for a prolonged period and facilitate analysis of the effect of anti-HCV drugs. Administration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from an HLA-A24 donor resulted in establishment of 22.6%-81.3% human CD45-positive mononuclear cell chimerism in liver-infiltrating cells without causing graft-versus-host disease in cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2-/- /Jak3-/- mice without human hepatocyte transplantation. When mice were transplanted with human hepatocytes and then administered HLA-A24-positive human PBMCs, an alloimmune response between transplanted human hepatocytes and PBMCs occurred, with production of transplanted hepatocyte-specific anti-HLA antibody. In conclusion, we succeeded in establishing a humanized liver/immune system characterized by an allo-reaction between transplanted human immune cells and human liver using a novel cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2-/- /Jak3-/- mouse. This mouse model can be used to generate a chronic hepatitis mouse model with a human immune system with application not only to hepatitis virus virology but also to investigation of the pathology of post-transplantation liver rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Grace Naswa Makokha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Clair Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoko Hamamura
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shirouzu
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawai
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection and Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Hiroshima Institute of Life Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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5
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Reinharz V, Ishida Y, Tsuge M, Durso-Cain K, Chung TL, Tateno C, Perelson AS, Uprichard SL, Chayama K, Dahari H. Understanding Hepatitis B Virus Dynamics and the Antiviral Effect of Interferon Alpha Treatment in Humanized Chimeric Mice. J Virol 2021; 95:e0049220. [PMID: 33910953 PMCID: PMC8223956 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00492-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the mode of action of lamivudine (LAM) against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is well established, the inhibition mechanism(s) of interferon alpha (IFN-α) is less completely defined. To advance our understanding, we mathematically modeled HBV kinetics during 14-day pegylated IFN-α-2a (pegIFN), LAM, or pegIFN-plus-LAM (pegIFN+LAM) treatment of 39 chronically HBV-infected humanized uPA/SCID chimeric mice. Serum HBV DNA and intracellular HBV DNA were measured frequently. We developed a multicompartmental mathematical model and simultaneously fit it to the serum and intracellular HBV DNA data. Unexpectedly, even in the absence of an adaptive immune response, a biphasic decline in serum HBV DNA and intracellular HBV DNA was observed in response to all treatments. Kinetic analysis and modeling indicate that the first phase represents inhibition of intracellular HBV DNA synthesis and secretion, which was similar under all treatments with an overall mean efficacy of 98%. In contrast, there were distinct differences in HBV decline during the second phase, which was accounted for in the model by a time-dependent inhibition of intracellular HBV DNA synthesis, with the steepest decline observed during pegIFN+LAM treatment (1.28/day) and the slowest (0.1/day) during pegIFN monotherapy. Reminiscent of observations in patients treated with pegIFN and/or LAM, a biphasic HBV decline was observed in treated humanized mice in the absence of an adaptive immune response. Interestingly, combination treatment did not increase the initial inhibition of HBV production but rather enhanced second-phase decline, providing insight into the dynamics of HBV treatment response and the mode of action of IFN-α against HBV. IMPORTANCE Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health care problem, as we lack sufficient curative treatment options. Elucidating the dynamics of HBV infection and treatment response at the molecular level could facilitate the development of novel, more effective HBV antivirals. Currently, the only well-established small animal HBV infection model available is the chimeric uPA/SCID mice with humanized livers; however, the HBV inhibition kinetics under pegylated IFN-α-2a (pegIFN) in this model system have not been determined in sufficient detail. In this study, viral kinetics in 39 humanized mice treated with pegIFN and/or lamivudine were monitored and analyzed using a mathematical modeling approach. We found that the main mode of action of IFN-α is blocking HBV DNA synthesis and that the majority of synthesized HBV DNA is secreted. Our study provides novel insights into HBV DNA dynamics within infected human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Reinharz
- Department of Computer Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Karina Durso-Cain
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Tje Lin Chung
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Institut für Biostatistik and Mathematische Modellierung, Fachbereich Medizin, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Susan L. Uprichard
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Harel Dahari
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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6
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Endsley JJ, Huante MB, Naqvi KF, Gelman BB, Endsley MA. Advancing our understanding of HIV co-infections and neurological disease using the humanized mouse. Retrovirology 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 34134725 PMCID: PMC8206883 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice have become an important workhorse model for HIV research. Advances that enabled development of a human immune system in immune deficient mouse strains have aided new basic research in HIV pathogenesis and immune dysfunction. The small animal features facilitate development of clinical interventions that are difficult to study in clinical cohorts, and avoid the high cost and regulatory burdens of using non-human primates. The model also overcomes the host restriction of HIV for human immune cells which limits discovery and translational research related to important co-infections of people living with HIV. In this review we emphasize recent advances in modeling bacterial and viral co-infections in the setting of HIV in humanized mice, especially neurological disease, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infections. Applications of current and future co-infection models to address important clinical and research questions are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Matthew B Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mark A Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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7
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Teraoka Y, Imamura M, Uchida T, Ohya K, Morio K, Fujino H, Ono A, Nakahara T, Murakami E, Yamauchi M, Kawaoka T, Miki D, Tsuge M, Hiramatsu A, Abe-Chayama H, Nelson Hayes C, Aikata H, Chayama K. Abatacept treatment for patients with severe acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus infection-Pilot study. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:400-409. [PMID: 33197288 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Although glucocorticoids have been used for immunosuppression of patients with primary hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-induced severe hepatitis, the treatment is associated with a high frequency of adverse events. We conducted a pilot study for evaluating the efficacy and safety of abatacept, a cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4), for acute hepatitis B. Five patients with severe acute hepatitis B (prothrombin activity ≤ 60%) were treated for immunosuppression by abatacept. Four patients received abatacept concurrently with methylprednisolone, and another patient was treated with abatacept alone. Rapid decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase levels, increase in prothrombin activity and improvement of general condition were obtained in four out of five patients. The patient with the most severe hepatitis underwent liver transplantation due to exacerbation of hepatitis in spite of treatment with both abatacept and methylprednisolone. None of the patients developed significant adverse events associated with the use of abatacept. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) became negative in all five patients. The effect of abatacept and methylprednisolone for severe hepatitis B was compared using a mouse model. Rapid reduction in mouse serum HBV DNA and human albumin levels and elevation of serum interferon-gamma and granzyme A levels were observed in HBV-infected human hepatocyte-transplanted immunodeficient mice that were administered human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These hepatocyte injuries were inhibited to a greater extent by abatacept compared to methylprednisolone. Abatacept might be an effective therapy alternative to methylprednisolone to reduce acute massive liver damage for patients with severe acute hepatitis caused by HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Morio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masami Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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8
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Ely A, Singh P, Smith TS, Arbuthnot P. In vitro transcribed mRNA for expression of designer nucleases: Advantages as a novel therapeutic for the management of chronic HBV infection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:134-146. [PMID: 32485207 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a significant worldwide medical problem. While diseases caused by HIV infection, tuberculosis and malaria are on the decline, new cases of chronic hepatitis B are on the rise. Because often fatal complications of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are associated with chronic hepatitis B, the need for a cure is as urgent as ever. Currently licensed therapeutics fail to eradicate the virus and this is attributable to persistence of the viral replication intermediate comprising covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Elimination or inactivation of the viral cccDNA is thus a goal of research aimed at hepatitis B cure. The ability to engineer nucleases that are capable of specific cleavage of a DNA sequence now provides the means to disable cccDNA permanently. The scientific literature is replete with many examples of using designer zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and RNA-guided endonucleases (RGENs) to inactivate HBV. However, important concerns about safety, dose control and efficient delivery need to be addressed before the technology is employed in a clinical setting. Use of in vitro transcribed mRNA to express therapeutic gene editors goes some way to overcoming these concerns. The labile nature of RNA limits off-target effects and enables dose control. Compatibility with hepatotropic non-viral vectors is convenient for the large scale preparation that will be required for advancing gene editing as a mode of curing chronic hepatitis B.
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9
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Zhang LL, Li JL, Ji MX, Tian D, Wang LY, Chen C, Tian M. Attenuated P. falciparum Parasite Shows Cytokine Variations in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1801. [PMID: 33013831 PMCID: PMC7516016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed humanized mouse has been used to assess the immune response evoked against the isolated attenuated C9 parasite clone (C9-M; carrying a single insertion disrupting the open reading frame (ORF) of PF3D7_1305500) of Plasmodium falciparum. Significant human RBC engraftment was achieved by ameliorating the residual non-adaptive immune response using clodronate-loaded liposome treatment. Controlled reactive professional phagocytic leukocytes in immunodeficient mice allowed for sizeable human blood chimerism and injected huRBCs acted as bona fide host cells for P. falciparum. huRBC-reconstituted immunodeficient mice received infectious challenge with attenuated P. falciparum C9 parasite mutants (C9-M), complemented (C9-C), and wild type (NF54) progenitors to study the role of immune effectors in the clearance of the parasite from mouse circulation. C9-M and NF54 parasites grew and developed in the huRBC-reconstituted humanized NSG mice. Further, the presence of mutant parasites in deep-seated tissues suggests the escape of parasites from the host's immune responses and thus extended the survival of the parasite. Our results suggest an evasion mechanism that may have been employed by the parasite to survive the mouse's residual non-adaptive immune responses. Collectively, our data suggest that huRBCs reconstituted NSG mice infected with attenuated P. falciparum is a valuable tool to explore the role of C9 mutation in the growth and survival of parasite mutants and their response to the host's immune responses. This mouse might help in identifying novel chemotherapeutic targets to develop new anti-malarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Xin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Yan Wang
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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Miyamoto M, Kosugi Y, Iwasaki S, Chisaki I, Nakagawa S, Amano N, Hirabayashi H. Characterization of plasma protein binding in two mouse models of humanized liver, PXB mouse and humanized TK-NOG mouse. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:51-60. [PMID: 32779988 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1808735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The unbound fractions in plasma (f up) in two mouse models of humanized liver mice, PXB and humanized TK-NOG mice, were compared with human f up values using equilibrium dialysis method. A good relationship between f up values obtained from PXB mice and humans was observed; the f up of 34/39 compounds (87.2%) in PXB mice were within 3-fold of human f up. In contrast, a weak correlation was observed between human and humanized TK-NOG mouse f up values; the f up of 15/24 compounds (62.5%) in humanized TK-NOG mice were within 3-fold of human f up. As different profiles of plasma protein binding (PPB) profiles were observed between PXB and humanized TK-NOG mice, f up evaluation is necessary in each mouse model to utilize these humanized liver mice for pharmacological, drug-drug interaction (DDI), and toxicity studies. The unbound fraction in the mixed plasma of human and SCID mouse plasma (85:15) was well correlated with f up in PXB mice (38/39 compounds within a 3-fold). Thus, this artificial PXB mouse plasma could be used to evaluate PPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Miyamoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Yohei Kosugi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Shinji Iwasaki
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Ikumi Chisaki
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nakagawa
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Amano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirabayashi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
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11
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Sugahara G, Ishida Y, Sun J, Tateno C, Saito T. Art of Making Artificial Liver: Depicting Human Liver Biology and Diseases in Mice. Semin Liver Dis 2020; 40:189-212. [PMID: 32074631 PMCID: PMC8629128 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in both bioengineering and cell biology of the liver led to the establishment of the first-generation humanized liver chimeric mouse (HLCM) model in 2001. The HLCM system was initially developed to satisfy the necessity for a convenient and physiologically representative small animal model for studies of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Over the last two decades, the HLCM system has substantially evolved in quality, production capacity, and utility, thereby growing its versatility beyond the study of viral hepatitis. Hence, it has been increasingly employed for a variety of applications including, but not limited to, the investigation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics and stem cell biology. To date, more than a dozen distinctive HLCM systems have been established, and each model system has similarities as well as unique characteristics, which are often perplexing for end-users. Thus, this review aims to summarize the history, evolution, advantages, and pitfalls of each model system with the goal of providing comprehensive information that is necessary for researchers to implement the ideal HLCM system for their purposes. Furthermore, this review article summarizes the contribution of HLCM and its derivatives to our mechanistic understanding of various human liver diseases, its potential for novel applications, and its current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Sugahara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,Research & Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,Research & Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research & Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Los Angeles, California
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12
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The Efficacy and Safety of Glucocorticoids Plus Conventional Therapy for Hepatitis B-Related Liver Failure in China: A Meta-Analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.65787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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13
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Wang YM, Li K, Dou XG, Bai H, Zhao XP, Ma X, Li LJ, Chen ZS, Huang YC. Treatment of AECHB and Severe Hepatitis (Liver Failure). ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B 2019. [PMCID: PMC7498915 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1603-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the general treatment and immune principles and internal management for AECHB and HBV ACLF, including ICU monitoring, general supportive medications/nutrition/nursing, immune therapy, artificial liver supportive systems, hepatocyte/stem cell, and liver transplant, management for special populations, frequently clinical complications and the utilization of Chinese traditional medicines.Early clinical indicators of severe hepatitis B include acratia, gastrointestinal symptoms, a daily increase in serum bilirubin >1 mg/dL, toxic intestinal paralysis, bleeding tendency and mild mind anomaly or character change, and the presence of other diseases inducing severe hepatitis. Laboratory indicators include T-Bil, PTA, cholinesterase, pre-albumin and albumin. The roles of immune indicators (such as IL-6, TNF-α, and fgl2), gene polymorphisms, HBV genotypes, and gene mutations as early clinical indicators. Intensive Care Unit monitor patients with severe hepatitis include intracranial pressure, infection, blood dynamics, respiratory function, renal function, blood coagulation function, nutritional status and blood purification process. Nursing care should not only include routine care, but psychological and special care (complications). Nutrition support and nursing care should be maintained throughout treatment for severe hepatitis. Common methods of evaluating nutritional status include direct human body measurement, creatinine height index (CHI) and subject global assessment of nutrition (SGA). Malnourished patients should receive enteral or parenteral nutrition support. Immune therapies for severe hepatitis include promoting hepatocyte regeneration (e.g. with glucagon, hepatocyte growth factor and prostaglandin E1), glucocorticoid suppressive therapy, and targeting molecular blocking. Corticosteroid treatment should be early and sufficient, and adverse drug reactions monitored. Treatments currently being investigated are those targeting Toll-like receptors, NK cell/NK cell receptors, macrophage/immune coagulation system, CTLA-4/PD-1 and stem cell transplantation. In addition to conventional drugs and radioiodine, corticosteroids and artificial liver treatment can also be considered for severe hepatitis patients with hyperthyreosis. Patients with gestational severe hepatitis require preventive therapy for fetal growth restriction, and it is necessary to choose the timing and method of fetal delivery. For patients with both diabetes and severe hepatitis, insulin is preferred to oral antidiabetic agents to control blood glucose concentration. Liver toxicity of corticosteroids and immune suppressors should be monitored during treatment for severe hepatitis in patients with connective tissue diseases including SLE, RA and sicca syndrome. Patient with connective tissue diseases should preferably be started after the antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues. An artificial liver can improve patients’ liver function; remove endotoxins, blood ammonia and other toxins; correct amino acid metabolism and coagulation disorders; and reverse internal environment imbalances. Non-bioartificial livers are suitable for patients with early and middle stage severe hepatitis; for late-stage patients waiting for liver transplantation; and for transplanted patients with rejection reaction or transplant failure. The type of artificial liver should be determined by each patient’s condition and previous treatment purpose, and patients should be closely monitored for adverse reactions and complications. Bio- and hybrid artificial livers are still under development. MELD score is the international standard for choosing liver transplantation. Surgical methods mainly include the in situ classic type and the piggyback type; transplantation includes no liver prophase, no liver phase or new liver phase. Preoperative preparation, management of intraoperative and postoperative complications and postoperative long-term treatment are keys to success. Severe hepatitis belongs to the categories of “acute jaundice”, “scourge jaundice”, and “hot liver” in traditional Chinese medicine. Treatment methods include Chinese traditional medicines, acupuncture and acupoint injection, external application of drugs, umbilical compress therapy, drip, blow nose therapy, earpins, and clysis. Dietary care is also an important part of traditional Chinese medicine treatment.
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14
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Hu J, Lin YY, Chen PJ, Watashi K, Wakita T. Cell and Animal Models for Studying Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Drug Development. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:338-354. [PMID: 30243619 PMCID: PMC6649672 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many cell culture and animal models have been used to study hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and its effects in the liver; these have facilitated development of strategies to control and clear chronic HBV infection. We discuss the advantages and limitations of systems for studying HBV and developing antiviral agents, along with recent advances. New and improved model systems are needed. Cell culture systems should be convenient, support efficient HBV infection, and reproduce responses of hepatocytes in the human body. We also need animals that are fully permissive to HBV infection, convenient for study, and recapitulate human immune responses to HBV and effects in the liver. High-throughput screening technologies could facilitate drug development based on findings from cell and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Hu
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| | - You-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University.
| | | | - Takaji Wakita
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Nomura M, Tsuge M, Uchida T, Hiraga N, Kurihara M, Tsushima K, Fujino H, Nakahara T, Murakami E, Abe-Chayama H, Kawaoka T, Miki D, Hiramatsu A, Imamura M, Kawakami Y, Aikata H, Ochi H, Zhang Y, Makokha GN, Hayes CN, Tanaka S, Chayama K. CTL-associated and NK cell-associated immune responses induce different HBV DNA reduction patterns in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:1555-1564. [PMID: 29998562 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The activation of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis is associated with both natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We analyzed the association between the immune response and changes in the proportion of Pre-S deletion variants. We quantified Pre-S deleted HBV (HBV-del) and wild-type HBV (HBV-wt) DNA levels in sera obtained from HBV-infected mice and chronic hepatitis B patients. In chronic hepatitis B patients, the HBV-del proportion usually increased during or after ALT elevation but did not occur during all ALT elevations. To clarify this difference in the immunological responses, we performed in vivo analyses using HBV-infected human hepatocyte chimeric mice. Although HBV-del proportions did not change in mice with NK cell-associated hepatitis or in mice treated with entecavir, the proportions sharply increased in mice with CTL-associated hepatitis. Furthermore, the number of patients in which HBV-del proportions were greater than 5% was significantly higher in chronic hepatitis B patients than in asymptomatic carriers (P = 0.023). We identified associations between virological response in chronic hepatitis B patients and two different immune responses. The proportion of HBV-del variants could be a useful biomarker for distinguishing between chronic hepatitis and asymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mio Kurihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ken Tsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiiku Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Grace Naswa Makokha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Clair Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Nihira K, Nan-ya KI, Kakuni M, Ono Y, Yoshikawa Y, Ota T, Hiura M, Yoshinari K. Chimeric Mice With Humanized Livers Demonstrate Human-Specific Hepatotoxicity Caused by a Therapeutic Antibody Against TRAIL-Receptor 2/Death Receptor 5. Toxicol Sci 2018; 167:190-201. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Nihira
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Nan-ya
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kakuni
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yoko Ono
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Yukitaka Yoshikawa
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Toshio Ota
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Masanori Hiura
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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17
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Kruse RL, Shum T, Tashiro H, Barzi M, Yi Z, Whitten-Bauer C, Legras X, Bissig-Choisat B, Garaigorta U, Gottschalk S, Bissig KD. HBsAg-redirected T cells exhibit antiviral activity in HBV-infected human liver chimeric mice. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:697-705. [PMID: 29631939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains incurable. Although HBsAg-specific chimeric antigen receptor (HBsAg-CAR) T cells have been generated, they have not been tested in animal models with authentic HBV infection. METHODS We generated a novel CAR targeting HBsAg and evaluated its ability to recognize HBV+ cell lines and HBsAg particles in vitro. In vivo, we tested whether human HBsAg-CAR T cells would have efficacy against HBV-infected hepatocytes in human liver chimeric mice. RESULTS HBsAg-CAR T cells recognized HBV-positive cell lines and HBsAg particles in vitro as judged by cytokine production. However, HBsAg-CAR T cells did not kill HBV-positive cell lines in cytotoxicity assays. Adoptive transfer of HBsAg-CAR T cells into HBV-infected humanized mice resulted in accumulation within the liver and a significant decrease in plasma HBsAg and HBV-DNA levels compared with control mice. Notably, the fraction of HBV core-positive hepatocytes among total human hepatocytes was greatly reduced after HBsAg-CAR T cell treatment, pointing to noncytopathic viral clearance. In agreement, changes in surrogate human plasma albumin levels were not significantly different between treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS HBsAg-CAR T cells have anti-HBV activity in an authentic preclinical HBV infection model. Our results warrant further preclinical exploration of HBsAg-CAR T cells as immunotherapy for HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Kruse
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Shum
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haruko Tashiro
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mercedes Barzi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhongzhen Yi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Xavier Legras
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beatrice Bissig-Choisat
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karl-Dimiter Bissig
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Sun S, Li J. Humanized chimeric mouse models of hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 59:131-136. [PMID: 28408253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with an increased risk of hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, fulminant hepatitis and end-stage hepatic failure. Despite the availability of anti-HBV therapies, HBV infection remains a major global public health problem. Developing an ideal animal model of HBV infection to clarify the details of the HBV replication process, the viral life cycle, the resulting immunoresponse and the precise pathogenesis of HBV is difficult because HBV has an extremely narrow host range and almost exclusively infects humans. In this review, we summarize and evaluate animal models available for studying HBV infection, especially focusing on humanized chimeric mouse models, and we discuss future development trends regarding immunocompetent humanized mouse models that can delineate the natural history and immunopathophysiology of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Herbal Compound "Jiedu Huayu" Reduces Liver Injury in Rats via Regulation of IL-2, TLR4, and PCNA Expression Levels. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9819350. [PMID: 28197212 PMCID: PMC5288544 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9819350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the Study. To investigate the preventative effects of Jiedu Huayu (JDHY) on D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver failure (ALF) and to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action. Materials and Methods. ALF was induced in Wistar rats by administrating D-GalN (900 mg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/kg). After treatment with JDHY granules, the levels of blood alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and prothrombin time were determined. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was examined by fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results. JDHY treatment dramatically improved liver function and increased survival rates in an ALF model in rats. We observed a decrease in IL-2 and TLR4 expression following treatment with JDHY in liver cells from ALF rats using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Conclusion. We hypothesize that the therapeutic potential of JDHY for treating ALF is due to its modulatory effect on the suppression of inflammation and by promoting hepatocyte regeneration. Our results contribute towards validation of the traditional use of JDHY in the treatment of liver disease.
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Furutani Y, Toguchi M, Shrestha R, Kojima S. Phenosafranin inhibits nuclear localization of transglutaminase 2 without affecting its transamidase activity. Amino Acids 2016; 49:483-488. [PMID: 27665106 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) localizes to the nucleus and induces apoptosis through a crosslinking inactivation of Sp1 in JHH-7 cells treated with acyclic retinoid. We screened an inhibitor suppressing transamidase activity in the nucleus without affecting transamidase activity itself. Phenosafranin was found to inhibit nuclear localization of EGFP-tagged TG2 and dose-dependently reduce nuclear transamidase activity without affecting the activity in a tube. We concluded that phenosafranin was a novel TG2 inhibitor capable of suppressing its nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Furutani
- Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mariko Toguchi
- Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Rajan Shrestha
- Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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