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Ouyang P, Li Y, Wei W, Li Q, Liu J, MaYang, Li S, Zhou Y, Chen D, Geng Y, Huang X. Preparation and evaluation of microencapsulated delivery system of recombinant interferon alpha protein from rainbow trout. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132872. [PMID: 38942671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Diseases caused by viruses pose a significant risk to the health of aquatic animals, for which there are presently no efficacious remedies. Interferon (IFN) serving as an antiviral agent, is frequently employed in clinical settings. Due to the unique living conditions of aquatic animals, traditional injection of interferon is cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aimed to prepare IFN microcapsules through emulsion technique by using resistant starch (RS) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). Optimization was achieved using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) response surface technique, followed by the creation of microcapsules through emulsification. With RS at a concentration of 1.27 %, a water‑oxygen ratio of 3.3:7.4, CaCl2 at 13.67 %, CMCS at 1.04 %, the rate of encapsulation can escalate to 80.92 %. Rainbow trout infected with Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and common carp infected with Spring vireemia (SVCV) exhibited a relative survival rate (RPS) of 65 % and 60 % after treated with IFN microcapsules, respectively. Moreover, the microcapsules effectively reduced the serum AST levels and enhanced the expression of IFNα, IRF3, ISG15, MX1, PKR and Viperin in IHNV-infected rainbow trout and SVCV-infected carp. In conclusion, this integrated IFN microcapsule showed potential as an antiviral agent for treatment of viral diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yankai Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiunan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - MaYang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuhan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongheng Zhou
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Chaumont L, Jouneau L, Huetz F, van Muilekom DR, Peruzzi M, Raffy C, Le Hir J, Minke J, Boudinot P, Collet B. Unexpected regulatory functions of cyprinid Viperin on inflammation and metabolism. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:650. [PMID: 38951796 PMCID: PMC11218377 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viperin, also known as radical S-adenosyl-methionine domain containing protein 2 (RSAD2), is an interferon-inducible protein that is involved in the innate immune response against a wide array of viruses. In mammals, Viperin exerts its antiviral function through enzymatic conversion of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) into its antiviral analog ddhCTP as well as through interactions with host proteins involved in innate immune signaling and in metabolic pathways exploited by viruses during their life cycle. However, how Viperin modulates the antiviral response in fish remains largely unknown. RESULTS For this purpose, we developed a fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) clonal cell line in which the unique viperin gene has been knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing. In order to decipher the contribution of fish Viperin to the antiviral response and its regulatory role beyond the scope of the innate immune response, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis of viperin-/- and wildtype cell lines upon stimulation with recombinant fathead minnow type I interferon. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that Viperin does not exert positive feedback on the canonical type I IFN but acts as a negative regulator of the inflammatory response by downregulating specific pro-inflammatory genes and upregulating repressors of the NF-κB pathway. It also appeared to play a role in regulating metabolic processes, including one carbon metabolism, bone formation, extracellular matrix organization and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Chaumont
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Huetz
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR 1222 INSERM, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Mathilde Peruzzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bertrand Collet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Shibasaki Y, Yabu T, Shiba H, Moritomo T, Mano N, Nakanishi T. Characterization of fish-specific IFNγ-related binding with a unique receptor complex and signaling through a novel pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:532-544. [PMID: 38321830 PMCID: PMC10988753 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammals, fish express two type II interferons, IFNγ and fish-specific IFNγ (IFNγ-related or IFNγrel). We previously reported the presence of two IFNγrel genes, IFNγrel 1 and IFNγrel 2, which exhibit potent antiviral activity in the Ginbuna crucian carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii. We also found that IFNγrel 1 increased allograft rejection; however, the IFNγrel 1 receptor(s) and signaling pathways underlying this process have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we examined the unique signaling mechanism of IFNγrel 1 and its receptors. The phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of STAT6 in response to recombinant Ginbuna IFNγrel 1 (rgIFNγrel 1) was observed in Ginbuna-derived cells. Binding of rgIFNγrel 1 to Class II cytokine receptor family members (Crfbs), Crfb5 and Crfb17, which are also known as IFNAR1 and IFNGR1-1, respectively, was detected by flow cytometry. Expression of the IFNγrel 1-inducible antiviral gene, Isg15, was highest in Crfb5- and Crfb17-overexpressing GTS9 cells. Dimerization of Crfb5 and Crfb17 was detected by chemical crosslinking. The results indicate that IFNγrel 1 activates Stat6 through an interaction with unique pairs of receptors, Crfb5 and Crfb17. Indeed, this cascade is distinct from not only that of IFNγ but also that of known IFNs in other vertebrates. IFNs may be classified by their receptor and signal transduction pathways. Taken together, IFNγrel 1 may be classified as a novel type of IFN family member in vertebrates. Our findings provide important information on interferon gene evolution in bony fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Yabu
- College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaJapan
- Department of Food and NutritionNitobe Bunka CollegeNakanoJapan
| | - Hajime Shiba
- College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaJapan
| | | | - Nobuhiro Mano
- College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaJapan
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaJapan
- Goto Aquaculture Institute Co., Ltd.SayamaJapan
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Hu C, Zhang N, Hong Y, Tie R, Fan D, Lin A, Chen Y, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the hidden powers of zebrafish kidney for generating both hematopoiesis and adaptive antiviral immunity. eLife 2024; 13:RP92424. [PMID: 38497789 PMCID: PMC10948150 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate kidneys play two evolutionary conserved roles in waste excretion and osmoregulation. Besides, the kidney of fish is considered as a functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow that serves as a hematopoietic hub for generating blood cell lineages and immunological responses. However, knowledge about the properties of kidney hematopoietic cells, and the functionality of the kidney in fish immune systems remains to be elucidated. To this end, our present study generated a comprehensive atlas with 59 hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and immune-cells types from zebrafish kidneys via single-cell transcriptome profiling analysis. These populations included almost all known cells associated with innate and adaptive immunity, and displayed differential responses to viral infection, indicating their diverse functional roles in antiviral immunity. Remarkably, HSPCs were found to have extensive reactivities to viral infection, and the trained immunity can be effectively induced in certain HSPCs. In addition, the antigen-stimulated adaptive immunity can be fully generated in the kidney, suggesting the kidney acts as a secondary lymphoid organ. These results indicated that the fish kidney is a dual-functional entity with functionalities of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Our findings illustrated the unique features of fish immune systems, and highlighted the multifaced biology of kidneys in ancient vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbin Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yun Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Dongdong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Disease, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Li-xin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jian-zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
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Ahmadivand S, Krpetic Z, Martínez MM, Garcia-Ordoñez M, Roher N, Palić D. Self-assembling ferritin nanoplatform for the development of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus vaccine. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346512. [PMID: 38352881 PMCID: PMC10863052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling protein nanoparticles are used as a novel vaccine design platform to improve the stability and immunogenicity of safe subunit vaccines, while providing broader protection against viral infections. Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (IHNV) is the causative agent of the WOAH-listed IHN diseases for which there are currently no therapeutic treatments and no globally available commercial vaccine. In this study, by genetically fusing the virus glycoprotein to the H. pylori ferritin as a scaffold, we constructed a self-assembling IHNV nanovaccine (FerritVac). Despite the introduction of an exogenous fragment, the FerritVac NPs show excellent stability same as Ferritin NPs under different storage, pH, and temperature conditions, mimicking the harsh gastrointestinal condition of the virus main host (trout). MTT viability assays showed no cytotoxicity of FerritVac or Ferritin NPs in zebrafish cell culture (ZFL cells) incubated with different doses of up to 100 µg/mL for 14 hours. FerritVac NPs also upregulated expression of innate antiviral immunity, IHNV, and other fish rhabdovirus infection gene markers (mx, vig1, ifit5, and isg-15) in the macrophage cells of the host. In this study, we demonstrate the development of a soluble recombinant glycoprotein of IHNV in the E. coli system using the ferritin self-assembling nanoplatform, as a biocompatible, stable, and effective foundation to rescue and produce soluble protein and enable oral administration and antiviral induction for development of a complete IHNV vaccine. This self-assembling protein nanocages as novel vaccine approach offers significant commercial potential for non-mammalian and enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Ahmadivand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zeljka Krpetic
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Merce Márquez Martínez
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlid Garcia-Ordoñez
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Roher
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dušan Palić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Ji N, Huang W, Dang H, Xiao H, Shi Y, Guo J, Chen K, Wang J, Zou J. CBFβ is induced by spring viremia of carp virus and promotes virus replication in zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104751. [PMID: 37268261 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The core binding factor subunit beta (CBFβ) is a transcription factor that forms a complex with virial proteins to promote viral infection. In this study, we identified a CBFβ homolog from zebrafish (zfCBFβ) and characterized the biological activity. The deduced zfCBFβ protein was highly similar to orthologs from other species. The zfcbfβ gene was constitutively expressed in tissues and was induced in immune tissues after infection with spring viremia carp virus (SVCV) and stimulation with poly(I:C). Interestingly, zfcbfβ is not induced by type I interferons. Overexpression of zfcbfβ induced tnfα expression but inhibited isg15 expression. Also, overexpression of zfcbfβ significantly increased SVCV titer in the EPC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that zfCBFβ interacts with SVCV phosphoprotein (SVCVP) and host p53, resulting in the increased stability of zfCBFβ. Our results provide evidence that CBFβ is targeted by virus to suppress host antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Huifeng Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hehe Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiahong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
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7
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Rao SS, Nelson PA, Lunde HS, Haugland GT. Evolutionary, comparative, and functional analyses of STATs and regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway in lumpfish upon bacterial and poly(I:C) exposure. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1252744. [PMID: 37808912 PMCID: PMC10556531 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1252744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) system regulates several biological processes by affecting transcription of genes as a response to cytokines and growth factors. In the present study, we have characterized the STAT genes in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.), belonging to the order Perciformes, and investigated regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway upon exposure to bacteria (Vibrio anguillarum) and poly(I:C), the latter mimicking antiviral responses. Methods Characterization and evolutionary analyses of the STATs were performed by phylogeny, protein domain, homology similarity and synteny analyses. Antibacterial and antiviral responses were investigated by performing KEGG pathway analysis. Results We observed that lumpfish have stat1a, 2, 3, 4, 5a, 5b, and 6. Transcriptome-wide analyses showed that most components of the JAK-STAT pathway were present in lumpfish. il-6, il-10, il-21, iκBα and stat3 were upregulated 6 hours post exposure (hpe) against bacteria while type I interferons (IFNs), irf1, irf3, irf10, stat1 and 2 were upregulated 24 hpe against poly(I:C). Conclusions Our findings shed light on the diversity and evolution of the STATs and the data show that the STAT genes are highly conserved among fish, including lumpfish. The transcriptome-wide analyses lay the groundwork for future research into the functional significance of these genes in regulating critical biological processes and make an important basis for development of prophylactic measure such as vaccination, which is highly needed for lumpfish since it is vulnerable for both bacterial and viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesha S Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Patrick A Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald S Lunde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gyri T Haugland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Yan L, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zhao C, Zhang B, Qiu L. Antiviral functions of IFNd against ISKNV and interaction analysis of IFNd and its receptors in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108935. [PMID: 37454880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a significant role in antiviral innate immunity. But, the antiviral function of IFNd is controversial in teleosts. Here, we identified three IFNd receptors belonging to cytokine receptor family B (LmCRFB1, LmCRFB2, and LmCRFB5) in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). LmIFNd and its receptors were highly expressed in gill, spleen and head kidney tissues. Additionally, LmIFNd, its receptors, and their downstream signal genes (LmTYK2, LmJAK1, LmSTAT1, and LmSTAT2) were induced by infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection. Injection of recombinant protein (LmIFNd-His) in vivo and incubation with the LmIFNd-His in vitro both induced expressions of IFN-stimulated genes (LmISGs). IFNd-His had a dose-dependent protective effect on the activity of brain cells infected by ISKNV and reduced the number of ISNKV copies. LmIFNd-His also bound to extracellular domains of the three receptors in vitro in the pull-down assay. LmIFNd-His preferentially induced ISG expression through receptor complex LmCRFB1 and LmCRFB5, followed by LmCRFB2 and LmCRFB5, to induce the expressions of LmISGs. Our results show that LmIFNd can enhance the antiviral immune response of spotted seabass, and it uses receptor complex LmCRFB1 and LmCRFB5 as well as LmCRFB2 and LmCRFB5 to induce LmISG expression. It is the first study about the antiviral function of LmIFNd and its receptor complex in spotted seabass, and it provides a reference for further studies of the controversial anti-viral function of IFNd in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing, China.
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Patel P, Nandi A, Verma SK, Kaushik N, Suar M, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Zebrafish-based platform for emerging bio-contaminants and virus inactivation research. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162197. [PMID: 36781138 PMCID: PMC9922160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging bio-contaminants such as viruses have affected health and environment settings of every country. Viruses are the minuscule entities resulting in severe contagious diseases like SARS, MERS, Ebola, and avian influenza. Recent epidemic like the SARS-CoV-2, the virus has undergone mutations strengthen them and allowing to escape from the remedies. Comprehensive knowledge of viruses is essential for the development of targeted therapeutic and vaccination treatments. Animal models mimicking human biology like non-human primates, rats, mice, and rabbits offer competitive advantage to assess risk of viral infections, chemical toxins, nanoparticles, and microbes. However, their economic maintenance has always been an issue. Furthermore, the redundancy of experimental results due to aforementioned aspects is also in examine. Hence, exploration for the alternative animal models is crucial for risk assessments. The current review examines zebrafish traits and explores the possibilities to monitor emerging bio-contaminants. Additionally, a comprehensive picture of the bio contaminant and virus particle invasion and abatement mechanisms in zebrafish and human cells is presented. Moreover, a zebrafish model to investigate the emerging viruses such as coronaviridae and poxviridae has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Patel
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aditya Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, 18323 Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea.
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10
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Susceptibility and Permissivity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae to Cypriniviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030768. [PMID: 36992477 PMCID: PMC10051318 DOI: 10.3390/v15030768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) represents an increasingly important model organism in virology. We evaluated its utility in the study of economically important viruses from the genus Cyprinivirus (anguillid herpesvirus 1, cyprinid herpesvirus 2 and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3)). This revealed that zebrafish larvae were not susceptible to these viruses after immersion in contaminated water, but that infections could be established using artificial infection models in vitro (zebrafish cell lines) and in vivo (microinjection of larvae). However, infections were transient, with rapid viral clearance associated with apoptosis-like death of infected cells. Transcriptomic analysis of CyHV-3-infected larvae revealed upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes, in particular those encoding nucleic acid sensors, mediators of programmed cell death and related genes. It was notable that uncharacterized non-coding RNA genes and retrotransposons were also among those most upregulated. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the zebrafish gene encoding protein kinase R (PKR) and a related gene encoding a protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domains (PKZ) had no impact on CyHV-3 clearance in larvae. Our study strongly supports the importance of innate immunity-virus interactions in the adaptation of cypriniviruses to their natural hosts. It also highlights the potential of the CyHV-3-zebrafish model, versus the CyHV-3-carp model, for study of these interactions.
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11
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Huang L, Cheng Y, Han S, Liu M, Yu Q, Wei H, He J, Li P. Identification of ISG15 in golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus, and its role in virus and bacteria infections. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108481. [PMID: 36566833 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like protein critical for the control of microbial infections. Golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus is one of the precious marine economic fish in the southern coast of China, always suffering from viruses, bacteria, and parasite infections. To date, the roles of golden pompano genes involved in viral and bacterial infections, especially IFN-related genes remained largely unknown. To identify the interferon system genes of golden pompano and explore their function, in this study, the ISG15 homolog (ToISG15) was cloned from golden pompano, and its role in response to grouper iridovirus (SGIV), nervous necrosis virus (NNV), and Aeromonas hydrophila infection was investigated. The whole ORF of ToISG15 was composed of 465 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 154 amino acids with different identity with the known ISG15 homologs from other fish species. Two conserved ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains and an Ub-conjugation domain (LRGG) were found in ToISG15 sequence. Expression analysis showed that ToISG15 was located mainly in the cytoplasm of golden pompano cells, and dramatically induced following SGIV, Aeromonas hydrophila, or poly I:C treatment, but little change was observed when NNV infection. Overexpression of ToISG15 in vitro significantly inhibited the replication of SGIV and NNV. Interestingly, ToISG15 possessed the ability to restrain the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila. Furthermore, To-ISG15 overexpression enhanced the expression of IFNc, IFNh, IRF3, IRF7, and viperin genes as well as, to a lesser extent, the IL-6 gene. Taken together, our results demonstrated the antiviral and antibacterial effect of To-ISG15, shedding light on the evolutionary conservation of ISG15 in the immune response to microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shuyu Han
- Guangxi Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Hongling Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jinzhao He
- Guangxi Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Nanning, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.
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12
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Krishna Priya R, Premraj A, Sivakumar K, Sajeevan T. Identification of two ISG15 homologues involved in host immune response against RGNNV in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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13
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Shen B, Zhang S, Li F, Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Functional analyses of two interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) copies in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:530-537. [PMID: 36007829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted functional analyses for two ISG15 homologues of Larimichthys crocea (LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2). Our results of qRT-PCR showed that both LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 were significantly changed in head kidney and peripheral blood, after poly (I:C) stimulation. Western blot analyses with prepared polyclonal antibodies suggested that LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 both could be secreted by primary head kidney lymphocytes into the extracellular milieu. The purified recombinant LcISG15-1 (rLcISG15-1) and LcISG15-2 (rLcISG15-2) could both activate primary macrophages as extracellular cytokines and significantly enhance macrophage respiratory burst, NO production and bactericidal activity and induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes of the cells. Moreover, rLcISG15-2 exhibited much stronger cytokine-like activities than those of rLcISG15-1, indicating the ISG15-2 gene copy evolved enhanced activity after gene duplication of ISG15 in sciaenid fishes. These results indicated important roles of LcISG15-1 and especially LcISG15-2 in immune regulation and host immune defense of large yellow croaker against viral and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Fengxin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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14
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Gao Q, Yang Y, Luo Y, Zheng J, Gong L, Wang H, Feng Y, Gong T, Wu D, Wu R, Zheng X, Zheng Z, Zhang G. Adaptation of African swine fever virus to porcine kidney cells stably expressing CD163 and Siglec1. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015224. [PMID: 36389805 PMCID: PMC9647134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a complex large DNA enveloped virus that causes African swine fever (ASF) with a fatality rate of up to 100%, seriously threatening the global swine industry. Due to the strict cell tropism of ASFV, there is no effective in vitro cell line, which hinders its prevention and control. Herein, we analyzed genome-wide transcriptional profiles of ASFV-susceptible porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and non-susceptible cell lines PK15 and 3D4-21, an found that PAM surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) were significantly higher and common differential genes were significantly enriched in phagocytosis compared with that observed in PK15 and 3D4-21 cell lines. Therefore, endocytosis functions of host cell surface PRRs may play key roles in ASFV infection in vitro. ASFV was found to be infective to PK15 and 3D4-21 cell lines overexpressing CD163 and Siglec1, and to the PK15S1-CD163 cell line stably expressing CD163 and Siglec1. However, the PK15 and 3D4-21 cell lines overexpressing CD163 or Siglec1 alone were not infectious. Simultaneous interference of CD163 and Siglec1 in PAMs with small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced the infectivity of ASFV. However, siRNA interference of CD163 and Siglec1 respectively did not affect ASFV infectivity. ASFV significantly inhibited IFN expression levels in PAMs and PK15S1-CD163 cells, but had no effect on PK15 and 3D4-21 cell lines. These results indicate that CD163 and Siglec1 are key receptors for ASFV-infected host cells, and both play a synergistic role in the process of ASFV infection. ASFV inhibits IFN expression in susceptible cells, thereby downregulating the host immune response and evading the immune mechanism. The discovery of the ASFV receptor provides novel ideas to study ASFV and host cell interactions, pathogenic mechanisms, development of receptor blockers, vaccine design, and disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhuo Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Yongzhi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Zezhong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Moreno P, Leiva-Rebollo R, Garcia-Rosado E, Bejar J, Alonso MC. Cytokine-like activity of European sea bass ISG15 protein on RGNNV-infected E-11 cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:612-619. [PMID: 36007830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
IFN-I generates an antiviral state by inducing the expression of numerous genes, called IFN-stimulated genes, ISGs, including ISG15, which is the only ISG with cytokine-like activity. In a previous study, we developed the Dl_ISG15_E11 cell line, which consisted of E11 cells able to express and secrete sea bass ISG15. The current study is a step forward, analysing the effect of secreted sea bass ISG15 on RGNNV replication in E11 cells, and looking into its immunomodulatory activity in order to corroborate its cytokine-like activity. The medium from ISG15-produccing cells compromised RGNNV replication, as it has been demonstrated both, by reduction in the viral genome synthesis and, specially, in the yield of infective viral particles. The implication of sea bass ISG15 in this protection has been demonstrated by ISG15 removal, which decreased the percentage of surviving cells upon viral infection, and by incubation of RGNNV-infected cells with a recombinant sea bass ISG15 protein, which resulted in almost full protection. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory activity of extracellular sea bass ISG15 has been demonstrated, which reaffirms a cytokine-like role for this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moreno
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocio Leiva-Rebollo
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Rosado
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julia Bejar
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Alonso
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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16
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Wang X, Chen D, Lv Z, Zhao X, Ding C, Liu Y, Xiao T. Transcriptomics analysis provides new insights into the fish antiviral mechanism and identification of interferon-stimulated genes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Mol Immunol 2022; 148:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Fish Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection-An Overview of Five Major Antiviral Genes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071546. [PMID: 35891526 PMCID: PMC9317989 DOI: 10.3390/v14071546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish viral diseases represent a constant threat to aquaculture production. Thus, a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in establishing an antiviral state associated with protection against virus replication and pathogenesis is paramount for a sustainable aquaculture industry. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on five selected host innate immune-related genes in response to the most relevant viral pathogens in fish farming. Viruses have been classified as ssRNA, dsRNA, and dsDNA according to their genomes, in order to shed light on what those viruses may share in common and what response may be virus-specific, both in vitro (cell culture) as well as in vivo. Special emphasis has been put on trying to identify markers of resistance to viral pathogenesis. That is, those genes more often associated with protection against viral disease, a key issue bearing in mind potential applications into the aquaculture industry.
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18
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Huang L, Li M, Wei H, Yu Q, Huang S, Wang T, Liu M, Li P. Research on the indirect antiviral function of medicinal plant ingredient quercetin against grouper iridovirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:372-379. [PMID: 35430348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grouper iridovirus is a devastating pathogen that belongs to the genus Ranavirus. Based on the previous results that natural ingredient quercetin isolated from Illicium verum Hook. f. could effectively inhibit Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) replication, suggesting that quercetin could serve as potential antiviral agent against grouper iridovirus. To know about whether quercetin has indirect antiviral activity against SGIV, this study made the investigation in vitro and in vivo, and the potential mechanism was also explored. Pretreating the cells with quercetin (12.5 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the replication of SGIV, similar results were also confirmed in vivo. Importantly, quercetin pretreatment could induce the expression of genes involved in type I interferon (IFN) system (IFN, STAT1, PKR, MxI and ISG15) and TLR9. It suggested that quercetin exerted the indirect antiviral activity against SGIV infection through promoting the recognition of SGIV and activating the IFN pathway to establish the antiviral status of host cell. Taken together, our results shedded light on the indirect antiviral function of natural ingredient quercetin, and clearly demonstrated that natural ingredient quercetin will be an excellent potential agent against SGIV infection in grouper aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Hongling Wei
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shuaishuai Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, PR China
| | - Taixia Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China; College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, PR China.
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19
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Laghi V, Rezelj V, Boucontet L, Frétaud M, Da Costa B, Boudinot P, Salinas I, Lutfalla G, Vignuzzi M, Levraud JP. Exploring Zebrafish Larvae as a COVID-19 Model: Probable Abortive SARS-CoV-2 Replication in the Swim Bladder. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:790851. [PMID: 35360100 PMCID: PMC8963489 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.790851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential to understanding COVID-19 pathophysiology and for preclinical assessment of drugs and other therapeutic or prophylactic interventions. We explored the small, cheap, and transparent zebrafish larva as a potential host for SARS-CoV-2. Bath exposure, as well as microinjection in the coelom, pericardium, brain ventricle, or bloodstream, resulted in a rapid decrease of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wild-type larvae. However, when the virus was inoculated in the swim bladder, viral RNA stabilized after 24 h. By immunohistochemistry, epithelial cells containing SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein were observed in the swim bladder wall. Our data suggest an abortive infection of the swim bladder. In some animals, several variants of concern were also tested with no evidence of increased infectivity in our model. Low infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in zebrafish larvae was not due to the host type I interferon response, as comparable viral loads were detected in type I interferon-deficient animals. A mosaic overexpression of human ACE2 was not sufficient to increase SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in zebrafish embryos or in fish cells in vitro. In conclusion, wild-type zebrafish larvae appear mostly non-permissive to SARS-CoV-2, except in the swim bladder, an aerial organ sharing similarities with the mammalian lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Laghi
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3637, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Paris, France
| | - Veronica Rezelj
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Populations Virales et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Boucontet
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3637, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Paris, France
| | - Maxence Frétaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National pour la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire (VIM), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National pour la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire (VIM), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National pour la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire (VIM), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Irene Salinas
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Georges Lutfalla
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Populations Virales et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3637, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Levraud,
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20
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Liu S, Hu G, Luo S, Wu W, Zhou Q, Jin R, Zhang Y, Ruan H, Huang H, Li H. Insights into the evolution of the ISG15 and UBA7 system. Genomics 2022; 114:110302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Laghi V, Rezelj V, Boucontet L, Frétaud M, Da Costa B, Boudinot P, Salinas I, Lutfalla G, Vignuzzi M, Levraud JP. Exploring Zebrafish Larvae as a COVID-19 Model: Probable Abortive SARS-CoV-2 Replication in the Swim Bladder. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022. [PMID: 35360100 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.08.439059v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential to understanding COVID-19 pathophysiology and for preclinical assessment of drugs and other therapeutic or prophylactic interventions. We explored the small, cheap, and transparent zebrafish larva as a potential host for SARS-CoV-2. Bath exposure, as well as microinjection in the coelom, pericardium, brain ventricle, or bloodstream, resulted in a rapid decrease of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wild-type larvae. However, when the virus was inoculated in the swim bladder, viral RNA stabilized after 24 h. By immunohistochemistry, epithelial cells containing SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein were observed in the swim bladder wall. Our data suggest an abortive infection of the swim bladder. In some animals, several variants of concern were also tested with no evidence of increased infectivity in our model. Low infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in zebrafish larvae was not due to the host type I interferon response, as comparable viral loads were detected in type I interferon-deficient animals. A mosaic overexpression of human ACE2 was not sufficient to increase SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in zebrafish embryos or in fish cells in vitro. In conclusion, wild-type zebrafish larvae appear mostly non-permissive to SARS-CoV-2, except in the swim bladder, an aerial organ sharing similarities with the mammalian lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Laghi
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3637, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Paris, France
| | - Veronica Rezelj
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Populations Virales et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Boucontet
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3637, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Paris, France
| | - Maxence Frétaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National pour la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire (VIM), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National pour la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire (VIM), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National pour la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire (VIM), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Irene Salinas
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Georges Lutfalla
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Populations Virales et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3637, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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22
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Fan JQ, Miao YT, Lu KC, Chen GL, Li BB, Hong QM, Yang XJ, Yan ZY, Chen YH. A IFI27 gene contributes to ER-stress mediated apoptosis and benefits for white spot syndrome virus infection in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:180-189. [PMID: 34838985 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between virus and host has been one of the hot spot in virology, and it is also the important aspect of revealing the mechanism of virus infection. Increasing studies revealed that several key molecules took part in the process of virus-host interaction. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has been proved to affect several physiological processes of the host cells, especially apoptosis. While the relationship between them still remains unclear. In this study, a IFI27 gene (LvIFI27) of Litopenaeus vannamei was cloned. It is indicated that LvIFI27 was induced upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress and unfolded protein response activator Thapsigargin. Unlike human IFI27 locating to mitochondria, LvIFI27 lied to ER, and was involved in cell apoptosis process. Moreover, results of cumulative mortality analysis showed that LvIFI27 might contributed to WSSV proliferation by promoting apoptosis during the process of viral infection. Findings in this study enriched our understanding of the relationship between WSSV infection and ER-stress mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Quan Fan
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) / Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yu-Tao Miao
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) / Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ke-Cheng Lu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) / Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Guo-Liang Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) / Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) / Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Qian-Ming Hong
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) / Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xin-Jun Yang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) / Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ze-Yu Yan
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) / Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) / Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
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23
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Zhang M, Li J, Yan H, Huang J, Wang F, Liu T, Zeng L, Zhou F. ISGylation in Innate Antiviral Immunity and Pathogen Defense Responses: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:788410. [PMID: 34901029 PMCID: PMC8662993 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.788410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon-stimulating gene 15 (ISG15) protein is a ubiquitin-like protein induced by interferons or pathogens. ISG15 can exist in free form or covalently bind to the target protein through an enzymatic cascade reaction, which is called ISGylation. ISGylation has been found to play an important role in the innate immune responses induced by type I interferon, and is, thus, critical for the defense of host cells against RNA, DNA, and retroviruses. Through covalent binding with the host and viral target proteins, ISG15 inhibits the release of viral particles, hinder viral replication, and regulates the incubation period of viruses, thereby exerting strong antiviral effects. The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease, a virus-encoded deubiquitinating enzyme, has demonstrated activity on both ubiquitin and ISG15 chain conjugations, thus playing a suppressive role against the host antiviral innate immune response. Here we review the recent research progress in understanding ISG15-type ubiquitin-like modifications, with an emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms. We provide comprehensive references for further studies on the role of ISG15 in antiviral immunity, which may enable development of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Krishnan R, Jang YS, Kim JO, Oh MJ. Altered expression of immune factors in sevenband grouper, Hyporthodus septemfasciatus following nervous necrosis virus challenge at optimal and suboptimal temperatures. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:442-451. [PMID: 34699974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection is generally observed in aquafarms when the seawater temperature is higher than 24 °C and the fishes seem to be refractory to disease at suboptimal temperatures below 20 °C suggesting a role of thermoregulation in NNV pathogenesis. The present study profiled the temperature-dependent regulation of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ), innate antiviral factors (IFN-1, Mx, ISG-15), adaptive immune factors (CD-4, CD-8, IgM), signaling regulators (SOCS-1, SOCS-3), transcription factors (STAT-1, STAT-3) and microglial and NCC/NK specific cell markers (TMEM-119 and NCCRP-1) during NNV challenge in seven-band grouper, Hyporthodus septemfasciatus. The co-habitation challenge at 17 °C with showed a sustained expression of proinflammatory cytokines and following rechallenge with a dose of 104 TCID50/100μL/fish at optimal temperature, the survivors also exhibited a stable expression of immune factors. The 100% survival following the challenge at sub-optimal (17 °C) and rechallenge at optimal (25 °C) was due to the stable and sustained activation of the immune response. However, at 25 °C, the rechallenge displayed a priming effect with hyperactivation of the immune system evident from the immune gene expression profile. The mortality pattern observed is co-related with the cytokine storm as is evident from the gene expression profile. Whereas, neither of the adaptive immune markers was suggestive of humoral immune response in the 17 °C groups. Also, the data suggest a possible role of NK cell and microglia in mediating antiviral immune response following infection in the brain at different temperatures, where, former is beneficial in restricting viral infection with higher host tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Seb Jang
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea.
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25
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He M, Ding NZ, He CQ. Novirhabdoviruses versus fish innate immunity: A review. Virus Res 2021; 304:198525. [PMID: 34339774 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Novirhabdoviruses belong to the Rhabdoviridae family of RNA viruses. All of the four members are pathogenic for bony fish. Particularly, Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) often cause mass animal deaths and huge economic losses, representing major obstacles to fish farming industry worldwide. The interactions between fish and novirhabdoviruses are becoming better understood. In this review, we will present our current knowledge of fish innate immunity, particularly type I interferon (IFN-I) response, against novirhabdoviral infection, and the evasion strategies exploited by novirhabdoviruses. Members of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) appear to be involved in novirhabdovirus surveillance. NF-κB activation and IFN-I induction are primarily triggered for antiviral defense. Autophagy can also be induced by viral glycoprotein (G). Although sensitive to IFN-I, novirhabdoviruses have nucleoprotein (N), matrix protein (M), and non-virion protein (NV) to interfere with host signal transduction and gene expression steps toward antiviral state establishment. Moreover, novirhabdoviruses may exploit some microRNAs for immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Nai-Zheng Ding
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Cheng-Qiang He
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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26
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Sullivan C, Soos BL, Millard PJ, Kim CH, King BL. Modeling Virus-Induced Inflammation in Zebrafish: A Balance Between Infection Control and Excessive Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636623. [PMID: 34025644 PMCID: PMC8138431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response to viral infection in humans is a dynamic process with complex cell interactions that are governed by the immune system and influenced by both host and viral factors. Due to this complexity, the relative contributions of the virus and host factors are best studied in vivo using animal models. In this review, we describe how the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used as a powerful model to study host-virus interactions and inflammation by combining robust forward and reverse genetic tools with in vivo imaging of transparent embryos and larvae. The innate immune system has an essential role in the initial inflammatory response to viral infection. Focused studies of the innate immune response to viral infection are possible using the zebrafish model as there is a 4-6 week timeframe during development where they have a functional innate immune system dominated by neutrophils and macrophages. During this timeframe, zebrafish lack a functional adaptive immune system, so it is possible to study the innate immune response in isolation. Sequencing of the zebrafish genome has revealed significant genetic conservation with the human genome, and multiple studies have revealed both functional conservation of genes, including those critical to host cell infection and host cell inflammatory response. In addition to studying several fish viruses, zebrafish infection models have been developed for several human viruses, including influenza A, noroviruses, chikungunya, Zika, dengue, herpes simplex virus type 1, Sindbis, and hepatitis C virus. The development of these diverse viral infection models, coupled with the inherent strengths of the zebrafish model, particularly as it relates to our understanding of macrophage and neutrophil biology, offers opportunities for far more intensive studies aimed at understanding conserved host responses to viral infection. In this context, we review aspects relating to the evolution of innate immunity, including the evolution of viral pattern recognition receptors, interferons and interferon receptors, and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Con Sullivan
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Maine at Augusta, Bangor, ME, United States
| | - Brandy-Lee Soos
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Paul J. Millard
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Carol H. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin L. King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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27
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Stosik M, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. Type I interferons in ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 110:35-43. [PMID: 33387659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins of vital importance in the body's immune response. They are formed in different types of cells and have been found in fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Two types of IFN have been found in ray-finned fish (Superclass: Osteichthyes, Class: Actinopterygii) so far, i.e. IFN type I (IFN I) and IFN type II (IFN II), while the presence of IFN type III (IFN III), which is found in phylogenetically older cartilaginous fishes, was not confirmed in this taxonomic group of vertebrates. Currently, type I IFN in Actinopterygii is divided into three groups, I, II and III, within which there are subgroups. These cytokines in these animals show primarily antiviral activity through the use of a signalling pathway JAK-STAT (Janus kinases - Signal transducer and activator of transcription) and the ability to induce ISG (IFN-stimulated genes) expression, which contain ISRE complexes (IFN-stimulated response elements). On the other hand, in Perciformes and Cyprinidae, it was found that type I/I interferons also participate in the antimicrobial response, inter alia, by inducing the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and influencing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells carrying out the phagocytosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Stosik
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | | | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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28
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Kim J, Cho M, Kim KI, Min EY, Lim J, Hong S. Transcriptome profiling in head kidney of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after infection with the low-virulent Nagano genotype of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1057-1070. [PMID: 33532870 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) causes clinical diseases and mortality in a wide variety of salmonid species. Here, we studied transcriptional responses in rainbow trout infected by the IHNV-Nagano strain isolated in Korea. RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis of head kidney tissues cataloged differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis of gene ontology annotations was performed, and a total of fifteen biological process terms were commonly identified at all time points. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathways such as the retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor signaling pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were identified at all time points. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-like receptor signaling pathway and cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway were identified at days 1 and 3. Protein-protein interaction network and centrality analyses revealed that the immune system, signaling molecules, and interaction pathways were upregulated at days 1 and 3, with the highest centrality of tumor necrosis factor. Cancer, cellular community, and endocrine system pathways were downregulated, with the highest centrality of fibronectin 1 at day 5. STAT1 was upregulated from days 1 to 5 with a high centrality. The reproducibility and repeatability of the transcriptome analysis were validated by RT-qPCR. IHNV-Nagano infection dynamically changed the transcriptome profiles in the head kidney of rainbow trout and induced a defense mechanism by regulating the immune and inflammatory pathways through PRR signaling at an early stage. Downregulated pathways involved in extracellular matrix formation and focal adhesion at day 5 indicated the possible failure of wound healing, which is important in the pathogenesis of IHNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-702, Korea
| | - Miyoung Cho
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Young Min
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-702, Korea
| | - Suhee Hong
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-702, Korea.
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29
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Zang ZX, Dan C, Zhou L, Zhang QY, Gui JF, Zhang YB. Function characterization and expression regulation of two different-sized 3' untranslated region-containing interferon genes from clone F of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio. Mol Immunol 2020; 119:18-26. [PMID: 31954283 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral innate immunity is the first line of defense against virus invasion. In the present study, we identify two fish IFN genes (here tentatively named IFNa and IFNc) with different-sized 3' UTRs from clone F strain of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio. Carp IFNa has a relatively short 3'UTR without AU-rich elements (AREs) but IFNc has a long one with 9 AREs. Functionally, carp IFNa and IFNc display significantly antiviral potential to viral infection, likely through induction of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Both carp IFN genes are induced by viral infection, poly(I:C) treatment and IRF3/7, which are ascribed to the IFN-sensitive response elements (ISRE) within their promoters. Carp IFN genes are also induced by each other and by themselves, indicating existence of a positive feedback loop in fish IFN-mediated antiviral immune response. Comparative analyses of 3'UTR-mediated expression regulation at mRNA and protein levels show that the ARE-containing 3'UTR of carp IFNc rather than the short 3'UTR of carp IFNa promotes mRNA decay but instead results in high-level protein expression, indicating that 3'UTR of fish IFN mRNAs might be a potential factor for regulation of IFN-mediated antiviral immune response. Considering a fact that a given protein function is largely related to its protein level, these results suggest that both promoter and 3'UTR contribute to the transcription and translation of fish IFN genes, thus shaping their eventually antiviral potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xing Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Cheng Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi-Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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30
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Levraud JP, Jouneau L, Briolat V, Laghi V, Boudinot P. IFN-Stimulated Genes in Zebrafish and Humans Define an Ancient Arsenal of Antiviral Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3361-3373. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Polinski MP, Bradshaw JC, Rise ML, Johnson SC, Garver KA. Sockeye salmon demonstrate robust yet distinct transcriptomic kidney responses to rhabdovirus (IHNV) exposure and infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:525-538. [PMID: 31539572 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic rhabdoviruses are globally significant pathogens associated with disease in both wild and cultured fish. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus that causes the internationally regulated disease infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in most species of salmon. Yet not all naïve salmon exposed to IHNV become diseased, and the mechanisms by which some individuals evade or rapidly clear infection following exposure are poorly understood. Here we used RNA-sequencing to evaluate transcriptomic changes in sockeye salmon, a keystone species in the North Pacific and natural host for IHNV, to evaluate the consequences of IHNV exposure and/or infection on host cell transcriptional pathways. Immersion challenge of sockeye salmon smolts with IHNV resulted in approximately 33% infection prevalence, where both prevalence and viral kidney load peaked at 7 days post challenge (dpc). De novo assembly of kidney transcriptomes at 7 dpc revealed that both infected and exposed but noninfected individuals experienced substantial transcriptomic modification; however, stark variation in gene expression patterns were observed between exposed but noninfected, infected, and unexposed populations. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment in concert with differential expression analysis identified that kidney responses in exposed but noninfected fish emphasised a global pattern of transcriptional down-regulation, particularly for pathways involved in DNA transcription, protein biosynthesis and macromolecule metabolism. In contrast, transcriptomes of infected fish demonstrated a global emphasis of transcriptional up-regulation highlighting pathways involved in antiviral response, inflammation, apoptosis, and RNA processing. Quantitative PCR was subsequently used to highlight differential and time-specific regulation of acute phase, antiviral, inflammatory, cell boundary, and metabolic responsive transcripts in both infected and exposed but noninfected groups. This data demonstrates that waterborne exposure with IHNV has a dramatic effect on the sockeye salmon kidney transcriptome that is discrete between resistant and acutely susceptible individuals. We identify that metabolic, acute phase and cell boundary pathways are transcriptionally affected by IHNV and kidney responses to local infection are highly divergent from those generated as part of a disseminated response. These data suggest that primary resistance of naïve fish to IHNV may involve global responses that encourage reduced cellular signaling rather than promoting classical innate antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Polinski
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T6N7, Canada.
| | - Julia C Bradshaw
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T6N7, Canada.
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C5S7, Canada.
| | - Stewart C Johnson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T6N7, Canada.
| | - Kyle A Garver
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T6N7, Canada.
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Kim MS, Kim KH. Effect of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of either Mx1 or ISG15 gene in EPC cells on resistance against VHSV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:1041-1046. [PMID: 31465870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the type I interferon-mediated increase of Mx1 and ISG15 gene expression in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells has been reported, the antiviral role of Mx1 and ISG15 in EPC cells has not been investigated. In this study, to know the anti-viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) role of Mx1 and ISG15 of EPC cells, either Mx1 or ISG15 gene was knocked-out using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the progression of cytopathic effects (CPE) and viral growth were analyzed. Mx1 gene and ISG15 gene knockout EPC cells were successfully produced via CRISPR/Cas9 coupled with a single-cell cloning. Through the sequence analysis, one clone showing two heterozygous indel patterns in Mx1 gene and a clone showing three heterozygous indel patterns in ISG15 gene were selected for further analyses. Mx1 knockout EPC cells did not show any differences in VHSV-mediated CPE progression, even when pre-treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), compared to control EPC cells. These results suggest that Mx1 in EPC cells may be unfunctional to cytoplasmic RNA viruses. In contrast to Mx1, ISG15 knockout cells showed clearly hampered anti-VHSV activity even when pre-treated with poly I:C, indicating that ISG15 plays an important role in type I interferon-mediated anti-viral activity in EPC cells, which allowed VHSV to replicate more efficiently in ISG15 knockout cells than Mx1 knockout and control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Kim
- Department of Integrative Bio-industrial Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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Dehler CE, Lester K, Della Pelle G, Jouneau L, Houel A, Collins C, Dovgan T, Machat R, Zou J, Boudinot P, Martin SAM, Collet B. Viral Resistance and IFN Signaling in STAT2 Knockout Fish Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:465-475. [PMID: 31142600 PMCID: PMC6612602 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
IFN belong to a group of cytokines specialized in the immunity to viruses. Upon viral infection, type I IFN is produced and alters the transcriptome of responding cells through induction of a set of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) with regulatory or antiviral function, resulting in a cellular antiviral state. Fish genomes have both type I IFN and type II IFN (IFN-γ), but no type III (λ) IFN has been identified. Their receptors are not simple counterparts of the mammalian type I/II IFN receptors, because alternative chains are used in type I IFN receptors. The mechanisms of the downstream signaling remain partly undefined. In mammals, members of the signal transducer and activator of family of transcription factors are responsible for the transmission of the signal from cytokine receptors, and STAT2 is required for type I but not type II IFN signaling. In fish, its role in IFN signaling in fish remains unclear. We isolated a Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) cell line, GS2, with a stat2 gene knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. In this cell line, the induction of ISGs by stimulation with a recombinant type I IFN is completely obliterated as evidenced by comparative RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptome of GS2 and its parental counterpart, EC. Despite a complete absence of ISGs induction, the GS2 cell line has a remarkable ability to resist to viral infections. Therefore, other STAT2-independent pathways may be induced by the viral infection, illustrating the robustness and redundancy of the innate antiviral defenses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine Lester
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, AB11 9DB Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Giulia Della Pelle
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Armel Houel
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Catherine Collins
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, AB11 9DB Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tatiana Dovgan
- University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, AB11 9DB Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Radek Machat
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Jun Zou
- University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | | | - Bertrand Collet
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, AB11 9DB Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
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Rakus K, Adamek M, Mojżesz M, Podlasz P, Chmielewska-Krzesińska M, Naumowicz K, Kasica-Jarosz N, Kłak K, Rakers S, Way K, Steinhagen D, Chadzińska M. Evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model for the viral infections of fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:923-934. [PMID: 30920010 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a laboratory model organism used in different areas of biological research including studies of immune response and host-pathogen interactions. Thanks to many biological tools available, zebrafish becomes also an important model in aquaculture research since several fish viral infection models have been developed for zebrafish. Here, we have evaluated the possible use of zebrafish to study infections with fish viruses that have not yet been tested on this model organism. In vitro studies demonstrated that chum salmon reovirus (CSV; aquareovirus A) and two alloherpesviruses cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) are able to replicate in zebrafish cell lines ZF4 and SJD.1. Moreover, CSV induced a clear cytopathic effect and up-regulated the expression of antiviral genes vig-1 and mxa in both cell lines. In vivo studies demonstrated that both CSV and CyHV-3 induce up-regulation of vig-1 and mxa expression in kidney and spleen of adult zebrafish after infection by i.p. injection but not in larvae after infection by immersion. CyHV-3 is eliminated quickly from fish; therefore, virus clearing process could be evaluated, and in CSV-infected fish, a prolonged confrontation of the host with the pathogen could be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Mojżesz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chmielewska-Krzesińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karolina Naumowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Kasica-Jarosz
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kłak
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Rakers
- Working Group Aquatic Cell Technology and Aquaculture, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Keith Way
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, UK
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Magdalena Chadzińska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Langevin C, Levraud JP, Boudinot P. Fish antiviral tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:724-733. [PMID: 30550990 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) family or RBCC proteins comprises characteristic zinc-binding domains (a RING (R), a B-box type 1 (B1) and a B-box type 2 (B2)) and coiled-coil (CC) domain followed by a C-terminus variable domain. There are about 80 different TRIM proteins in human, but more than 200 in zebrafish with several large gene expansions (ftr >70 genes; btr >30 genes; trim35 > 30 genes). Repertoires of trim genes in fish are variable across fishes, but they have been remarkably diversified independently in a number of species. In mammals, TRIM proteins are involved in antiviral immunity through an astonishing diversity of mechanisms, from direct viral restriction to modulation of immune signaling and more recently autophagy. In fish, the antiviral role of TRIM proteins remains poorly understood. In zebrafish, fish specific TRIMs so called fintrims show a signature of positive selection in the C terminus SPRY domain, reminding features of mammalian antiviral trims such as TRIM5. Expression studies show that a number of trim genes, including many fintrims, can be induced during viral infections, and may play a role in antiviral defence. Some of them trigger antiviral activity in vitro against DNA and RNA viruses, such as FTR83 that also up-regulates the expression of type I IFN in zebrafish larvae. The tissue distribution of TRIM expression suggests that they may be involved in the regionalization of antiviral immunity, providing a particular protection to sensitive areas exposed to invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Langevin
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Institut Pasteur, Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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36
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Shen B, Wei K, Guo S, Liu C, Zhang J. Molecular characterization and expression analyses of two homologues of interferon-stimulated gene ISG15 in Larimichthys crocea (Family: Sciaenidae). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:846-857. [PMID: 30576775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sequenced and characterized two homologues of interferon-stimulated gene ISG15, termed as LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2, from the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The LcISG15-1 encodes 159 amino acids and the LcISG15-2 encodes 155 amino acids, both of which contain two tandem ubiquitin-like domains and the conserved C-terminal LRGG conjugation motif. The sequence analyses showed that both the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 exhibit high similarity with ISG15 from other fishes. A putative IFN-stimulatory response element (ISRE) was detected in promoter regions of both the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a close evolutionary relationship of both the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 with other teleostean ISG15. Molecular evolutionary analyses suggested a gene duplication event of ISG15 in the ancestor of the Sciaenidae, with a signature of positive selection was found in the ISG15-2 gene copy of sciaenid fishes. The Real-time PCR analyses showed that the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 were both found to be ubiquitously expressed in ten examined organs in large yellow croaker, with predominant expressions both in peripheral blood. Expression analyses showed that both the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 were rapidly and significantly upregulated in vivo after poly (I:C) challenge in liver and spleen organs. However, the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 were both significantly induced after pathogen Vibrio parahemolyticus infection only in the liver but not in the spleen. These results indicated that there are two ISG15 homologues in the large yellow croaker, both of which are likely to be involved in host immune defense against viral and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
| | - Ke Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Shaoyu Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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Zhang J, Sun L. Global profiling of megalocytivirus-induced proteins in tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) spleen identifies cellular processes essential to viral infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:150-159. [PMID: 30428365 PMCID: PMC7102559 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Megalocytivirus is a DNA virus with a broad host range among farmed fish including tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). In this study, label-free proteomics was performed to examine protein expression in tongue sole spleen induced by megalocytivirus at 8 and 12 days post infection (dpi). Compared to uninfected control fish, virus-infected fish displayed 315 up-regulated proteins and 111 down-regulated proteins at 8 dpi, and 48 up-regulated proteins and 43 down-regulated proteins at 12 dpi. The expressions of five differentially expressed proteins were confirmed by Western blot. The differentially expressed proteins were enriched in the pathways and processes associated with innate immune response and viral infection. Interference with the expression of two up-regulated proteins of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), i.e. proteasome assembly chaperone 2 and proteasome maturation protein, significantly reduced viral propagation in fish, whereas overexpression of these two proteins significantly enhanced viral propagation. Consistently, inhibition of the functioning of proteasome significantly impaired viral replication in vivo. This study provided the first global protein profile responsive to megalocytivirus in tongue sole, and revealed an essential role of UPS in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China; Deep Sea Research Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
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38
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Moreno P, Alvarez-Torres D, Garcia-Rosado E, Borrego JJ, Alonso MC. Differential antiviral activity of European sea bass interferon-stimulated 15 protein (ISG15) against RGNNV and SJNNV betanodaviruses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:148-157. [PMID: 30195901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ISG15 is an antiviral protein acting intracellularly, by conjugation to viral or cellular proteins, or extracellularly, as cytokine. In this work, an in vitro system, consisting of E-11 cells over-expressing European sea bass ISG15 (Dl_ISG15_E11 cells), has been developed to evaluate the European sea bass ISG15 protein activity against RGNNV and SJNNV isolates. Regarding RGNNV, RNA2 copy number and viral titres were similar in E-11 and Dl_ISG15_E11 cells, and the cellular survival analyses demonstrated that Dl_ISG15_E11 cells were not protected from this virus. In contrast, ISG15 compromises SJNNV replication, since a reduction of the SJNNV genome synthesis has been recorded. The ISG15 anti-SJNNV activity was confirmed by viral titration and survival assays. In addition, a role of the intracellular ISG15 in modulating the transcription of endogenous genes has being recorded, with tlr3 gene being knocked out and e3 gene being up-regulated in RGNNV-inoculated Dl_ISG15_E11 cells. Sea bass ISG15 has also been detected extracellularly, and its activity has been evaluated by co-culture. The survival rate of RGNNV-inoculated E-11 cells increased from 25% to 46% when they were co-cultured with ISG15-producing cells. Similarly, the survival rate of SJNNV-inoculated E-11 cells increased from 27% to 51% in co-culture with ISG15-producing cells. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a differential antiviral activity of an ISG15 protein against two betanodavirus species, and the first evaluation of the cytokine-like activity of a fish ISG15 protein on non-immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moreno
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Torres
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Rosado
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Alonso
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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Albert M, Bécares M, Falqui M, Fernández-Lozano C, Guerra S. ISG15, a Small Molecule with Huge Implications: Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110629. [PMID: 30428561 PMCID: PMC6265978 DOI: 10.3390/v10110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are responsible for the majority of infectious diseases, from the common cold to HIV/AIDS or hemorrhagic fevers, the latter with devastating effects on the human population. Accordingly, the development of efficient antiviral therapies is a major goal and a challenge for the scientific community, as we are still far from understanding the molecular mechanisms that operate after virus infection. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) plays an important antiviral role during viral infection. ISG15 catalyzes a ubiquitin-like post-translational modification termed ISGylation, involving the conjugation of ISG15 molecules to de novo synthesized viral or cellular proteins, which regulates their stability and function. Numerous biomedically relevant viruses are targets of ISG15, as well as proteins involved in antiviral immunity. Beyond their role as cellular powerhouses, mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that act as signaling hubs in antiviral responses. In this review, we give an overview of the biological consequences of ISGylation for virus infection and host defense. We also compare several published proteomic studies to identify and classify potential mitochondrial ISGylation targets. Finally, based on our recent observations, we discuss the essential functions of mitochondria in the antiviral response and examine the role of ISG15 in the regulation of mitochondrial processes, specifically OXPHOS and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albert
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Martina Bécares
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Michela Falqui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Lozano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Guerra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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40
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Liu W, Xiang Y, Zhang W, Jia P, Yi M, Jia K. Expression pattern, antiviral role and regulation analysis of interferon-stimulated gene 15 in black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:60-67. [PMID: 30041052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is an IFN inducible ubiquitin-like protein and plays a critical role in immune response against viral infection. In this study, an ISG15 gene (AsISG15) was cloned and characterized from the marine fish black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. The full-length cDNA of AsISG15 was 1302 bp and encoded 155 amino acids containing two ubiquitin-like motifs and a LRGG conjugation domain. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic tree showed that AsISG15 shared 31-70% amino acid identity with other known ISG15s and had a closer evolutionary relationship with teleost ISG15s. In vitro, AsISG15 expression was inducible by poly I:C, LPS and red spotted nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) in cultured black seabream brain cells. In vivo, AsISG15 was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues with higher expression levels in eye and gill, and the expression was significantly up-regulated in most tissues post RGNNV infection, especially in liver, spleen and kidney. The testing of antiviral activity showed that silencing AsISG15 significantly increased RGNNV replication in RGNNV infected AsS cells, and the LRGG domain was crucial for the anti-RGNNV activity of AsISG15. By promoter-driven luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that two IFN-stimulated response elements within the promoter region of AsISG15 and the promoter-proximal intron were essential for AsISG15 expression. Furthermore, our results showed that the gamma-IFN activation sequence located in the intron was required for the intron mediated enhancement for AsISG15 expression. Our results would provide insights for understanding the underlying regulation mechanism of ISG15 in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kuntong Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
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Verrier ER, Genet C, Laloë D, Jaffrezic F, Rau A, Esquerre D, Dechamp N, Ciobotaru C, Hervet C, Krieg F, Jouneau L, Klopp C, Quillet E, Boudinot P. Genetic and transcriptomic analyses provide new insights on the early antiviral response to VHSV in resistant and susceptible rainbow trout. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:482. [PMID: 29921219 PMCID: PMC6009034 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a major threat for salmonid farming and for wild fish populations worldwide. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of innate factors regulated by a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the natural resistance to waterborne VHSV infection in rainbow trout. The aim of this study was to analyze the early transcriptomic response to VHSV inoculation in cell lines derived from previously described resistant and susceptible homozygous isogenic lines of rainbow trout to obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the resistance to the viral infection. RESULTS We first confirmed the presence of the major QTL in a backcross involving a highly resistant fish isogenic line (B57) and a highly susceptible one (A22), and were able to define the confidence interval of the QTL and to identify its precise position. We extended the definition of the QTL since it controls not only resistance to waterborne infection but also the kinetics of mortality after intra-peritoneal injection. Deep sequencing of the transcriptome of B57 and A22 derived cell lines exposed to inactivated VHSV showed a stronger response to virus inoculation in the resistant background. In line with our previous observations, an early and strong induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated genes was correlated with the resistance to VHSV, highlighting the major role of innate immune factors in natural trout resistance to the virus. Interestingly, major factors of the antiviral innate immunity were much more expressed in naive B57 cells compared to naive A22 cells, which likely contributes to the ability of B57 to mount a fast antiviral response after viral infection. These observations were further extended by the identification of several innate immune-related genes localized close to the QTL area on the rainbow trout genome. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results improve our knowledge in virus-host interactions in vertebrates and provide novel insights in the molecular mechanisms explaining the resistance to VHSV in rainbow trout. Our data also provide a collection of potential markers for resistance and susceptibility of rainbow trout to VHSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi R Verrier
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Present address: Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS1110, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carine Genet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Present address: GenPhySE, INRA, Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, 52627, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Denis Laloë
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Jaffrezic
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Andrea Rau
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Diane Esquerre
- GenPhySE, INRA, Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, 52627, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nicolas Dechamp
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Céline Ciobotaru
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Caroline Hervet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Present address: BioEpAR, INRA, Oniris, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Francine Krieg
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plateforme Bioinformatique Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées UBIA, INRA, 52627, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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42
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Zuo C, Sheng X, Ma M, Xia M, Ouyang L. ISG15 in the tumorigenesis and treatment of cancer: An emerging role in malignancies of the digestive system. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74393-74409. [PMID: 27626310 PMCID: PMC5342061 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon-stimulated gene 15 ubiquitin-like modifier (ISG15) encodes an IFN-inducible, ubiquitin-like protein. The ISG15 protein forms conjugates with numerous cellular proteins that are involved in a multitude of cellular functions, including interferon-induced immune responses and the regulation of cellular protein turnover. The expression of ISG15 and ISG15-mediated conjugation has been implicated in a wide range of human tumors and cancer cell lines, but the roles of ISG15 in tumorigenesis and responses to anticancer treatments remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the findings of recent studies with regard to the role of ISG15 pathways in cancers of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translation Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Graduate School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Sheng
- Graduate School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translation Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Man Xia
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Province Cancer Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Ouyang
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Province Cancer Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
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43
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Robertsen B. The role of type I interferons in innate and adaptive immunity against viruses in Atlantic salmon. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:41-52. [PMID: 28196779 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFNs (IFN-I) are cytokines, which play a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity against viruses of vertebrates. In essence, IFN-I are induced and secreted upon host cell recognition of viral nucleic acids and protect other cells against infection by inducing antiviral proteins. Atlantic salmon possesses an extraordinary repertoire of IFN-I genes encompassing at least six different classes (IFNa, IFNb, IFNc, IFNd, IFNe and IFNf) most of which are encoded by several genes. This review describes recent research on the functions of salmon IFNa, IFNb, IFNc and IFNd. As in mammals, expression of different salmon IFN-I in response to virus infection is dependent on their promoters, properties of the virus and the cell's expression of nucleic acid receptors and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). While IFNa mainly display local antiviral activity, IFNb and IFNc show systemic antiviral activity. In addition, salmon appears to possess several IFN-I receptors, which show selectivity in binding different IFN-I. This complexity in IFN-I and receptors allows for a large variation in functions of the salmon IFN-I. Studies with intramuscular injection of IFN expression plasmids have recently provided surprising results, which may be of relevance for application of IFN-I in prophylaxis against virus infection. Firstly, injection of IFNc plasmid protected salmon presmolts against virus infection for at least 10 weeks. Secondly, IFN plasmids showed potent adjuvant activity when injected together with a DNA vaccine against infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Børre Robertsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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44
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Álvarez-Torres D, Gómez-Abellán V, Arizcun M, García-Rosado E, Béjar J, Sepulcre MP. Identification of an interferon-stimulated gene, isg15, involved in host immune defense against viral infections in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:220-227. [PMID: 29277364 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play a key role in the innate immunity of vertebrates against viral infections by inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), such as isg15. Isg15 is an ubiquitin-like protein, which can conjugate cellular and viral proteins in a process called ISGylation, although it can also act as a cytokine-like protein. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) is an important asymptomatic carrier of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and nodavirus, representing a threat to other co-cultivated susceptible species. In order to better understand virus-host interactions in this fish species, this study addresses the identification and molecular characterization of seabream isg15 (sb-isg15). In addition, the modulation of transcript levels of sb-isg15 was analysed in SAF-1 cells and seabream acidophilic granulocytes (AGs) stimulated in vitro with different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or inoculated with VHSV and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV). The full-length cDNA of sb-isg15 gene, encoding a predicted protein of 155 amino acids, was identified and seen to share the same characteristics as other fish and mammalian isg15 genes. Here we report the clear induction of sb-isg15 transcript levels in SAF-1 cells and AGs stimulated with toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, such as polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or genomic DNA from Vibrio anguillarum (VaDNA), respectively. Furthermore, VHSV and SJNNV inoculation induced a significant degree of sb-isg15 transcription in SAF-1 cells and AGs. However, the relative levels of viral RNA transcription showed that SJNNV replication seems to be more efficient than VHSV in both in vitro systems. Interestingly, sb-isg15 transcript induction elicited by VaDNA was reduced in VHSV- and SJNNV-inoculated AGs, suggesting an interference prompted by the viruses against the type I IFN system. Taken together, these findings support the use of seabream AGs as a valuable experimental system to study virus-host interactions, in which sb-isg15 seems to play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Álvarez-Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Victoria Gómez-Abellán
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Esther García-Rosado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Julia Béjar
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María P Sepulcre
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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45
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Kim KH, Yang IJ, Kim WJ, Park CJ, Park JW, Noh GE, Lee S, Lee YM, Hwang HK, Kim HC. Expression Analysis of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 in the Rock Bream Oplegnathus fasciatus against Rock Bream Iridovirus (RSIV) Challenge. Dev Reprod 2018; 21:371-378. [PMID: 29354783 PMCID: PMC5769131 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is known to interfere with viral
replication and infection by limiting the viral infection of cells.
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) interferes with viral replication and
infectivity by limiting viral infection in cells. It also plays an important
role in the immune response. In this study, tissue-specific expression of ISG15
in healthy rock bream samples and spatial and temporal expression analysis of
rock bream ISG15 (RbISG15) were performed following rock bream iridovirus (RSIV)
infection. RbISG15 expression was significantly higher in the eye, gill,
intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and stomach, but low in the brain.
There were particularly high levels of expression in the liver and muscle.
RbISG15 expression was also examined in several tissues and at various times
following RSIV infection. ISG15 expression increased within 3 h in the whole
body and decreased at 24 h after infection. In addition, temporal expression of
several tissues following RSIV infection showed a similar pattern in the muscle,
kidney, and spleen, increasing at 3 h and decreasing at 72 h. These results
suggest that ISG15 plays an important role in the immune response of rock bream.
Overall, this study characterizes the response of RbISG15 following RSIV
infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Yang
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eon Noh
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyung Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Hwang
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
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46
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Dalmo RA. DNA vaccines for fish: Review and perspectives on correlates of protection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1-9. [PMID: 29064091 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently in 2016, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended granting a marketing authorization in the EU for "Clynav," a DNA vaccine against salmon pancreas disease (salmonid alphavirus-3). Generally, DNA vaccines induce both early and late immune responses in fish that may be protective against disease. Several transcriptomic approaches have been performed to map immunome profiles following DNA vaccination, but the precise immune mechanism(s) that is responsible for protection is not known, although reasonable suggestions have been made. The current review includes an overview on main transcriptomic findings from microarray experiments after DNA vaccination against VHSV, IHNV, HIRRV and IPNV-with considerations of what can be considered as correlates of protection (CoP) or merely a surrogate of protection. Identification and use of correlates of protection (COPs) may be a strategic tool for accelerated and targeted vaccine design, testing and licensure. General rules on what can be considered as CoPs can be extracted from past knowledge on protective immune responses following vaccination that induced protection. Lastly, there will be an overview on non-viral molecular adjuvants that have been exploited to obtain higher vaccine potencies and efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Dalmo
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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47
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Langevin C, Aleksejeva E, Houel A, Briolat V, Torhy C, Lunazzi A, Levraud JP, Boudinot P. FTR83, a Member of the Large Fish-Specific finTRIM Family, Triggers IFN Pathway and Counters Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:617. [PMID: 28603526 PMCID: PMC5445110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are involved in various cellular functions and constitute key factors of the antiviral innate immune response. TRIM proteins can bind viral particles directly, sending them to degradation by the proteasome, or ubiquitinate signaling molecules leading to upregulation of innate immunity. TRIM proteins are present in across metazoans but are particularly numerous in vertebrates where genes comprising a B30.2 domain have been often duplicated. In fish, a TRIM subset named finTRIM is highly diversified, with large gene numbers and clear signatures of positive selection in the B30.2 domain suggesting they may be involved in antiviral mechanisms. finTRIM provides a beautiful model to investigate the primordial implication of B30.2 TRIM subsets in the arsenal of vertebrate antiviral defenses. We show here that ftr83, a zebrafish fintrim gene mainly expressed in the gills, skin and pharynx, encodes a protein affording a potent antiviral activity. In vitro, overexpression of FTR83, but not of its close relative FTR82, induced IFN and IFN-stimulated gene expression and afforded protection against different enveloped and non-enveloped RNA viruses. The kinetics of IFN induction paralleled the development of the antiviral activity, which was abolished by a dominant negative IRF3 mutant. In the context of a viral infection, FTR83 potentiated the IFN response. Expression of chimeric proteins in which the B30.2 domain of FTR83 and the non-protective FTR82 had been exchanged, showed that IFN upregulation and antiviral activity requires both the Ring/BBox/Coiled coil domain (supporting E3 ubiquitin ligase) and the B30.2 domain of FTR83. Finally, loss of function experiments in zebrafish embryos confirms that ftr83 mediates antiviral activity in vivo. Our results show that a member of the largest TRIM subset observed in fish upregulates type I IFN response and afford protection against viral infections, supporting that TRIMs are key antiviral factors across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elina Aleksejeva
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Armel Houel
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valérie Briolat
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA 2578, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Torhy
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aurélie Lunazzi
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA 2578, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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48
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Dai Z, Li J, Hu C, Wang F, Wang B, Shi X, Hou Q, Huang W, Lin G. Transcriptome data analysis of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) infected by reovirus provides insights into two immune-related genes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:68-77. [PMID: 28279792 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was one of the economically important freshwater fish in China. However, hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) results in a tremendous loss in the process of grass carp cultivation. Transcriptome analysis could provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in specific biological processes and diseases for the resistance to reovirus infection of grass carp. In this study, the raw data from NCBI (accession number: SRA099702) were analyzed, in which, 50 significant differentially expressed genes by routine transcriptome analysis and 84 notably differentially expressed genes by co-expression network method. KEGG analysis revealed that the pathway in hemorrhagic diseases in grass carp was similar to the influenza A induced pathway. The interferon-stimulated gene ISG15 and sacsin-like gene, which were up-regulated in data (SRA099702), were also up-regulated in data (SRP049081) from a similar assay. QPCR experiment was performed to validate these up-regulated genes. The ISG15 gene was shown to be the core gene in the co-expression network. The results would enhance our understanding of the antivirus system of grass carp infected by reovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao Dai
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jicheng Li
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Binhua Wang
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qunhao Hou
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Waigen Huang
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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49
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Poynter SJ, DeWitte-Orr SJ. Fish interferon-stimulated genes: The antiviral effectors. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:218-225. [PMID: 27451256 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are the cornerstone cytokine of innate antiviral immunity. In response to a viral infection, IFN signaling results in the expression of a diverse group of genes known as interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs are responsible for interfering with viral replication and infectivity, helping to limit viral infection within a cell. In mammals, many antiviral effector ISGs have been identified and the antiviral mechanisms are at least partially elucidated. In fish fewer ISGs have been identified and while there is evidence they limit viral infection, almost nothing is known of their respective antiviral mechanisms. This review discusses seven ISGs common to mammals and fish and three ISGs that are unique to fish. The lack of understanding regarding fish ISG's antiviral effector functions is highlighted and draws attention to the need for research in this aspect of aquatic innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Poynter
- Department of Biology, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Stephanie J DeWitte-Orr
- Department of Health Sciences and Biology, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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50
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Beiki H, Nejati-Javaremi A, Pakdel A, Masoudi-Nejad A, Hu ZL, Reecy JM. Large-scale gene co-expression network as a source of functional annotation for cattle genes. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:846. [PMID: 27806696 PMCID: PMC5094014 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome sequencing and subsequent gene annotation of genomes has led to the elucidation of many genes, but in vertebrates the actual number of protein coding genes are very consistent across species (~20,000). Seven years after sequencing the cattle genome, there are still genes that have limited annotation and the function of many genes are still not understood, or partly understood at best. Based on the assumption that genes with similar patterns of expression across a vast array of tissues and experimental conditions are likely to encode proteins with related functions or participate within a given pathway, we constructed a genome-wide Cattle Gene Co-expression Network (CGCN) using 72 microarray datasets that contained a total of 1470 Affymetrix Genechip Bovine Genome Arrays that were retrieved from either NCBI GEO or EBI ArrayExpress. Results The total of 16,607 probe sets, which represented 11,397 genes, with unique Entrez ID were consolidated into 32 co-expression modules that contained between 29 and 2569 probe sets. All of the identified modules showed strong functional enrichment for gene ontology (GO) terms and Reactome pathways. For example, modules with important biological functions such as response to virus, response to bacteria, energy metabolism, cell signaling and cell cycle have been identified. Moreover, gene co-expression networks using “guilt-by-association” principle have been used to predict the potential function of 132 genes with no functional annotation. Four unknown Hub genes were identified in modules highly enriched for GO terms related to leukocyte activation (LOC509513), RNA processing (LOC100848208), nucleic acid metabolic process (LOC100850151) and organic-acid metabolic process (MGC137211). Such highly connected genes should be investigated more closely as they likely to have key regulatory roles. Conclusions We have demonstrated that the CGCN and its corresponding regulons provides rich information for experimental biologists to design experiments, interpret experimental results, and develop novel hypothesis on gene function in this poorly annotated genome. The network is publicly accessible at http://www.animalgenome.org/cgi-bin/host/reecylab/d. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3176-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Beiki
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran.,Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ardeshir Nejati-Javaremi
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pakdel
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 31587-11167, Iran
| | - Zhi-Liang Hu
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - James M Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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