1
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Ren Z, Li M, Chen J, Gong X, Song S, Li D, Yang M, Yu J, Asghar S, Cui Y, Niu S, Liao Z, Jiang Y, Liu J, Li Y, Zhang B, Zhao W, Peng J, Yang Y, Shen C. Identification of mpox M1R and B6R monoclonal and bispecific antibodies that efficiently neutralize authentic mpox virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2401931. [PMID: 39233480 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2401931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
In 2022, the monkeypox virus (mpox virus, MPXV) exhibited global dissemination across six continents, representing a notable challenge owing to the scarcity of targeted antiviral interventions. Passive immunotherapy, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), has emerged as a promising option for antiviral regimens. Here, we generated several mAbs against M1R and B6R of MPXV, and subsequently characterized the antiviral activity of these antibodies both in vitro and in vivo. Two neutralizing mAbs, M1H11 and M3B2, targeting M1R, and one B6R-specific mAb, B7C9, were identified. They exhibited varying antiviral efficacy against vaccinia virus (VACV) in vitro and in vivo. A cocktail comprising M1H11 and M3B2 demonstrated a superior protective effect in vivo. A bsAb, Bis-M1M3, was engineered by conjugating the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of the human-mouse chimeric engineered M1H11 with the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) of M3B2. In mice challenged with MPXV, Bis-M1M3 showed a notable protective effects. Analysis of neutralization mechanism showed that these mAbs and Bis-M1M3 exerted virus-neutralizing effects before the virus infects cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic experiments showed that Bis-M1M3 has a long half-life in rhesus macaques. This study provides crucial insights for further research on broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against MPXV and other orthopoxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuning Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Li
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Chen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Delin Li
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Yang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Yu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sadia Asghar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yanxin Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghui Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushan Jiang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Li
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Shen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Southern Medical University, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
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Wen Y, Deng S, Wang T, Gao M, Nan W, Tang F, Xue Q, Ju Y, Dai J, Wei Y, Xue F. Novel strategy for Poxviridae prevention: Thermostable combined subunit vaccine patch with intense immune response. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105943. [PMID: 38909959 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Poxviruses gained international attention due to the sharp rise in monkeypox cases in recent years, highlighting the urgent need for the development of a secure and reliable vaccine. This study involved the development of an innovative combined subunit vaccine (CSV) targeting poxviruses, with lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) serving as the model virus. To this end, the potential sites for poxvirus vaccines were fully evaluated to develop and purify four recombinant proteins. These proteins were then successfully delivered to the dermis in a mouse model by utilizing dissolvable microneedle patches (DMPs). This approach simplified the vaccination procedure and significantly mitigated the associated risk. CSV-loaded DMPs contained four recombinant proteins and a novel adjuvant, CpG, which allowed DMPs to elicit the same intensity of humoral and cellular immunity as subcutaneous injection. Following immunization with SC and DMP, the mice exhibited notable levels of neutralizing antibodies, albeit at a low concentration. It is noteworthy that the CSV loaded into DMPs remained stable for at least 4 months at room temperature, effectively addressing the storage and transportation challenges. Based on the study findings, CSV-loaded DMPs are expected to be utilized worldwide as an innovative technique for poxvirus inoculation, especially in underdeveloped regions. This novel strategy is crucial for the development of future poxvirus vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Mice
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Poxviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Poxviridae Infections/immunology
- Female
- Poxviridae/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Lumpy skin disease virus/immunology
- Vaccination
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Vaccine/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shuyue Deng
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tianmin Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Mengtian Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Wenlong Nan
- Laboratory of Diagnostics Development, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Fang Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanmin Ju
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yurong Wei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830099, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Huang P, Xia M, Vago FS, Jiang W, Tan M. A Pseudovirus Nanoparticle Displaying the Vaccinia Virus L1 Protein Elicited High Neutralizing Antibody Titers and Provided Complete Protection to Mice against Mortality Caused by a Vaccinia Virus Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:846. [PMID: 39203972 PMCID: PMC11359793 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent worldwide incidence of mpox infection and concerns about future emerging variants of mpox viruses highlight the need for the development of a new generation of mpox vaccines. To achieve this goal, we utilized our norovirus S nanoparticle vaccine platform to produce and evaluate two pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs), S-L1 and S-J1. These PVNPs displayed the L1 neutralizing antigen target of the vaccinia virus and a yet-untested J1 antigen of the mpox virus, respectively, with the aim of creating an effective nanoparticle-based mpox vaccine. Each self-assembled PVNP consists of an inner shell resembling the interior layer of the norovirus capsid and multiple L1 or J1 antigens on the surface. The PVNPs improved the antibody responses toward the displayed L1 or J1 antigens in mice, resulting in significantly greater L1/J1-specific IgG and IgA titers than those elicited by the corresponding free L1 or J1 antigens. After immunization with the S-L1 PVNPs, the mouse sera exhibited high neutralizing antibody titers against the vaccinia virus, and the S-L1 PVNPs provided mice with 100% protection against mortality caused by vaccinia virus challenge. In contrast, the S-J1 PVNPs induced low neutralizing antibody titers and conferred mice weak protective immunity. These data confirm that the L1 protein is an excellent vaccine target and that the readily available S-L1 PVNPs are a promising mpox vaccine candidate worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (P.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (P.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Frank S. Vago
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (F.S.V.); (W.J.)
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (F.S.V.); (W.J.)
| | - Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (P.H.); (M.X.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Su C, Li S, Wen Y, Geng X, Yin Q, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Liu Z. A Quadrivalent mRNA Immunization Elicits Potent Immune Responses against Multiple Orthopoxviral Antigens and Neutralization of Monkeypox Virus in Rodent Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:385. [PMID: 38675767 PMCID: PMC11053415 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global outbreak of the 2022 monkeypox virus infection of humans and the 2023 documentation of a more virulent monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo raised public health concerns about the threat of human-to-human transmission of zoonotic diseases. Currently available vaccines may not be sufficient to contain outbreaks of a more transmissible and pathogenic orthopoxvirus. Development of a safe, effective, and scalable vaccine against orthopoxviruses to stockpile for future emergencies is imminent. In this study, we have developed an mRNA vaccine candidate, ALAB-LNP, expressing four vaccinia viral antigens A27, L1, A33, and B5 in tandem in one molecule, and evaluated the vaccine immunogenicity in rodent models. Immunization of animals with the candidate mRNA vaccine induced a potent cellular immune response and long-lasting antigen-specific binding antibody and neutralizing antibody responses against vaccinia virus. Strikingly, the sera from the vaccine-immunized mice cross-reacted with all four homologous antigens of multiple orthopoxviruses and neutralized monkeypox virus in vitro, holding promise for this mRNA vaccine candidate to be used for protection of humans from the infection of monkeypox and other orthopoxvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Su
- Department of Research and Development, Yither Biotech Co., Ltd., Pudong, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Hongshancelu Avenue, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Wen
- Department of Research and Development, Yither Biotech Co., Ltd., Pudong, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiya Geng
- Department of Research and Development, Yither Biotech Co., Ltd., Pudong, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Quanyi Yin
- Department of Research and Development, Yither Biotech Co., Ltd., Pudong, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Hongshancelu Avenue, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yelin Xiong
- Department of Research and Development, Yither Biotech Co., Ltd., Pudong, Shanghai 200120, China
- Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Yither Biotech Co., Ltd., Pudong, Shanghai 200120, China
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5
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Wang H, Yin P, Zheng T, Qin L, Li S, Han P, Qu X, Wen J, Ding H, Wu J, Kong T, Gao Z, Hu S, Zhao X, Cao X, Fang M, Qi J, Xi JJ, Duan K, Yang X, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Tan W, Gao GF. Rational design of a 'two-in-one' immunogen DAM drives potent immune response against mpox virus. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:307-315. [PMID: 38182667 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The global outbreak of the mpox virus (MPXV) in 2022 highlights the urgent need for safer and more accessible new-generation vaccines. Here, we used a structure-guided multi-antigen fusion strategy to design a 'two-in-one' immunogen based on the single-chain dimeric MPXV extracellular enveloped virus antigen A35 bivalently fused with the intracellular mature virus antigen M1, called DAM. DAM preserved the natural epitope configuration of both components and showed stronger A35-specific and M1-specific antibody responses and in vivo protective efficacy against vaccinia virus (VACV) compared to co-immunization strategies. The MPXV-specific neutralizing antibodies elicited by DAM were 28 times higher than those induced by live VACV vaccine. Aluminum-adjuvanted DAM vaccines protected mice from a lethal VACV challenge with a safety profile, and pilot-scale production confirmed the high yield and purity of DAM. Thus, our study provides innovative insights and an immunogen candidate for the development of alternative vaccines against MPXV and other orthopoxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanju Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Zhengrong Gao
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songtao Hu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Jeff Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Duan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Qihui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China.
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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6
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Riccardo V, Pablo GC. Neutralization Determinants on Poxviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:2396. [PMID: 38140637 PMCID: PMC10747254 DOI: 10.3390/v15122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Smallpox was a highly contagious disease caused by the variola virus. The disease affected millions of people over thousands of years and variola virus ranked as one of the deadliest viruses in human history. The complete eradication of smallpox in 1980, a major triumph in medicine, was achieved through a global vaccination campaign using a less virulent poxvirus, vaccinia virus. Despite this success, the herd immunity established by this campaign has significantly waned, and concerns are rising about the potential reintroduction of variola virus as a biological weapon or the emergence of zoonotic poxviruses. These fears were further fueled in 2022 by a global outbreak of monkeypox virus (mpox), which spread to over 100 countries, thereby boosting interest in developing new vaccines using molecular approaches. However, poxviruses are complex and creating modern vaccines against them is challenging. This review focuses on the structural biology of the six major neutralization determinants on poxviruses (D8, H3, A27, L1, B5, and A33), the localization of epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies, and their application in the development of subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guardado-Calvo Pablo
- Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France;
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7
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Zeng J, Li Y, Jiang L, Luo L, Wang Y, Wang H, Han X, Zhao J, Gu G, Fang M, Huang Q, Yan J. Mpox multi-antigen mRNA vaccine candidates by a simplified manufacturing strategy afford efficient protection against lethal orthopoxvirus challenge. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2204151. [PMID: 37070521 PMCID: PMC10167873 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Current unprecedented mpox outbreaks in non-endemic regions represent a global public health concern. Although two live-attenuated vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vaccines have been urgently approved for people at high risk for mpox, a safer and more effective vaccine that can be available for the general public is desperately needed. By utilizing a simplified manufacturing strategy of mixing DNA plasmids before transcription, we developed two multi-antigen mRNA vaccine candidates, which encode four (M1, A29, B6, A35, termed as Rmix4) or six (M1, H3, A29, E8, B6, A35, termed as Rmix6) mpox virus antigens. We demonstrated that those mpox multi-antigen mRNA vaccine candidates elicited similar potent cross-neutralizing immune responses against VACV, and compared to Rmix4, Rmix6 elicited significantly stronger cellular immune responses. Moreover, immunization with both vaccine candidates protected mice from the lethal VACV challenge. Investigation of B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire elicited by mpox individual antigen demonstrated that the M1 antigen efficiently induced neutralizing antibody responses, and all neutralizing antibodies among the top 20 frequent antibodies appeared to target the same conformational epitope as 7D11, revealing potential vulnerability to viral immune evasion. Our findings suggest that Rmix4 and Rmix6 from a simplified manufacturing process are promising candidates to combat mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linrui Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Life Sceinces, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanglei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingrui Huang
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Peng F, Hu N, Liu Y, Xing C, Luo L, Li X, Wang J, Chen G, Xiao H, Liu C, Shen B, Feng J, Qiao C. Functional epitopes and neutralizing antibodies of vaccinia virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1255935. [PMID: 37954238 PMCID: PMC10634548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1255935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the variola virus, and it has a high mortality rate. Historically it has broken out in many countries and it was a great threat to human health. Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980, and Many countries stopped nation-wide smallpox vaccinations at that time. In recent years the potential threat of bioterrorism using smallpox has led to resumed research on the treatment and prevention of smallpox. Effective ways of preventing and treating smallpox infection have been reported, including vaccination, chemical drugs, neutralizing antibodies, and clinical symptomatic therapies. Antibody treatments include anti-sera, murine monoclonal antibodies, and engineered humanized or human antibodies. Engineered antibodies are homologous, safe, and effective. The development of humanized and genetically engineered antibodies against variola virus via molecular biology and bioinformatics is therefore a potentially fruitful prospect with respect to field application. Natural smallpox virus is inaccessible, therefore most research about prevention and/or treatment of smallpox were done using vaccinia virus, which is much safer and highly homologous to smallpox. Herein we summarize vaccinia virus epitope information reported to date, and discuss neutralizing antibodies with potential value for field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Naijing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Xing
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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9
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Xia A, Wang X, He J, Wu W, Jiang W, Xue S, Zhang Q, Gao Y, Han Y, Li Y, Peng X, Xie M, Mayer CT, Liu J, Hua C, Sha Y, Xu W, Huang J, Ying T, Jiang S, Xie Y, Cai Q, Lu L, Silva IT, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Cross-reactive antibody response to Monkeypox virus surface proteins in a small proportion of individuals with and without Chinese smallpox vaccination history. BMC Biol 2023; 21:205. [PMID: 37784185 PMCID: PMC10546712 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the eradication of smallpox in China in 1979, vaccination with the vaccinia virus (VACV) Tiantan strain for the general population was stopped in 1980. As the monkeypox virus (MPXV) is rapidly spreading in the world, we would like to investigate whether the individuals with historic VACV Tiantan strain vaccination, even after more than 40 years, could still provide ELISA reactivity and neutralizing protection; and whether the unvaccinated individuals have no antibody reactivity against MPXV at all. RESULTS We established serologic ELISA to measure the serum anti-MPXV titer by using immunodominant MPXV surface proteins, A35R, B6R, A29L, and M1R. A small proportion of individuals (born before 1980) with historic VACV Tiantan strain vaccination exhibited serum ELISA cross-reactivity against these MPXV surface proteins. Consistently, these donors also showed ELISA seropositivity and serum neutralization against VACV Tiantan strain. However, surprisingly, some unvaccinated young adults (born after 1980) also showed potent serum ELISA activity against MPXV proteins, possibly due to their past infection by some self-limiting Orthopoxvirus (OPXV). CONCLUSIONS We report the serum ELISA cross-reactivity against MPXV surface protein in a small proportion of individuals both with and without VACV Tiantan strain vaccination history. Combined with our serum neutralization assay against VACV and the recent literature about mice vaccinated with VACV Tiantan strain, our study confirmed the anti-MPXV cross-reactivity and cross-neutralization of smallpox vaccine using VACV Tiantan strain. Therefore, it is necessary to restart the smallpox vaccination program in high risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- The Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yidan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuru Han
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaofang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minxiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Christian T Mayer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiou Sha
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinghe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Israel T Silva
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil.
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- The Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Hubert M, Guivel-Benhassine F, Bruel T, Porrot F, Planas D, Vanhomwegen J, Wiedemann A, Burrel S, Marot S, Palich R, Monsel G, Diombera H, Gallien S, Lopez-Zaragoza JL, Vindrios W, Taieb F, Fernandes-Pellerin S, Delhaye M, Laude H, Arowas L, Ungeheuer MN, Hocqueloux L, Pourcher V, Prazuck T, Marcelin AG, Lelièvre JD, Batéjat C, Lévy Y, Manuguerra JC, Schwartz O. Complement-dependent mpox-virus-neutralizing antibodies in infected and vaccinated individuals. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:937-948.e4. [PMID: 37196656 PMCID: PMC10188274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mpox virus (MPXV) caused a multi-country outbreak in non-endemic areas in 2022. Following historic success of smallpox vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vaccines, the third generation modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine was used as prophylaxis for MPXV, but its effectiveness remains poorly characterized. Here, we applied two assays to quantify neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera from control, MPXV-infected, or MVA-vaccinated individuals. Various levels of MVA NAbs were detected after infection, historic smallpox, or recent MVA vaccination. MPXV was minimally sensitive to neutralization. However, addition of complement enhanced detection of responsive individuals and NAb levels. Anti-MVA and -MPXV NAbs were observed in 94% and 82% of infected individuals, respectively, and 92% and 56% of MVA vaccinees, respectively. NAb titers were higher in individuals born before 1980, highlighting the impact of historic smallpox vaccination on humoral immunity. Altogether, our results indicate that MPXV neutralization is complement dependent and uncover mechanisms underlying vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Hubert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France.
| | | | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jessica Vanhomwegen
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (CIBU), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Wiedemann
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Sonia Burrel
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, Hôpital Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Virologie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Marot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Laboratoire de Virologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Romain Palich
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gentiane Monsel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Harouna Diombera
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Gallien
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jose Luis Lopez-Zaragoza
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - William Vindrios
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Fabien Taieb
- Medical Center of Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Hélène Laude
- ICAReB-Clin platform, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Valérie Pourcher
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Laboratoire de Virologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, 94000 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Batéjat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (CIBU), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, 94000 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Claude Manuguerra
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (CIBU), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94000 Créteil, France.
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11
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Duan S, Wang S, Qiao L, Yu X, Wang N, Chen L, Zhang X, Zhao X, Liu H, Wang T, Wu Y, Li N, Liu F. Oncolytic Virus-Driven Biotherapies from Bench to Bedside. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206948. [PMID: 36879416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With advances in cancer biology and an ever-deepening understanding of molecular virology, oncolytic virus (OV)-driven therapies have developed rapidly and become a promising alternative to traditional cancer therapies. In recent years, satisfactory results for oncolytic virus therapy (OVT) are achieved at both the cellular and organismal levels, and efforts are being increasingly directed toward clinical trials. Unfortunately, OVT remains ineffective in these trials, especially when performed using only a single OV reagent. In contrast, integrated approaches, such as using immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, alongside OVT have demonstrated considerable efficacy. The challenges of OVT in clinical efficacy include the restricted scope of intratumoral injections and poor targeting of intravenous administration. Further optimization of OVT delivery is needed before OVs become a viable therapy for tumor treatment. In this review, the development process and antitumor mechanisms of OVs are introduced. The advances in OVT delivery routes to provide perspectives and directions for the improvement of OVT delivery are highlighted. This review also discusses the advantages and limitations of OVT monotherapy and combination therapy through the lens of recent clinical trials and aims to chart a course toward safer and more effective OVT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Duan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Colorectal and Henia Minimally Invasive Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xinbo Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Liting Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tianye Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Funan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
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12
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Feng Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Guo M, Huang H, Guo C, Wang W, Zhang W, Tang H, Wan Y. Unexpectedly higher levels of anti-orthopoxvirus neutralizing antibodies are observed among gay men than general adult population. BMC Med 2023; 21:183. [PMID: 37189197 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The confirmed cases in the current outbreak of Monkeypox are predominantly identified in the networks of men who have sex with men (MSM). The preexisting antibodies may profoundly impact the transmission of monkeypox virus (MPXV), however the current-day prevalence of antibodies against MPXV among gay men is not well characterized. METHODS A cohort of gay men (n = 326) and a cohort of the general adult population (n = 295) were enrolled in this study. Binding antibodies responses against MPXV/vaccinia and neutralizing antibody responses against vaccinia virus (Tiantan strain) were measured. The antibody responses of these two cohorts were then compared, as well as the responses of individuals born before and in/after 1981 (when the smallpox vaccination ceased in China). Finally, the correlation between the anti-MPXV antibody responses and the anti-vaccinia antibody responses, and the associations between preexisting anti-orthopoxvirus antibody responses and the diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the MSM cohort were analyzed separately. RESULTS Our data showed that binding antibodies against MPXV H3, A29, A35, E8, B6, M1 proteins and vaccinia whole-virus lysate could be detected in individuals born both before and in/after 1981, of which the prevalence of anti-vaccinia binding antibodies was significantly higher among individuals born before 1981 in the general population cohort. Moreover, we unexpectedly found that the positive rates of binding antibody responses against MPXV H3, A29, A35, E8 and M1 proteins were significantly lower among individuals of the MSM cohort born in/after 1981, but the positive rates of anti-MPXV B6 and anti-vaccinia neutralizing antibody responses were significantly higher among these individuals compared to those of age-matched participants in the general population cohort. Additionally, we demonstrated that the positive and negative rates of anti-MPXV antibody responses were associated with the anti-vaccinia antibody responses among individuals born before 1981 in the general population cohort, but no significant association was observed among individuals born in/after 1981 in both cohorts. The positive rates of both the binding and the neutralizing antibody responses were comparable between individuals with and without diagnosed STIs in the MSM cohort. CONCLUSIONS Anti-MPXV and anti-vaccinia antibodies could be readily detected in an MSM cohort and a general population cohort. And a higher level of anti-vaccinia neutralizing antibody responses was observed among individuals who did not get vaccinated against smallpox in the MSM cohort compared to age-matched individuals in the general population cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shengya Liu
- Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center (Shenzhen Customs District Port Outpatient Clinics), Shenzhen Customs District, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Wuhan Pioneer Social Work Service Center, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Cuiyuan Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wanhai Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, 6 Lane 1220 Huashan Rd., Shanghai, 200052, NO, China.
| | - Heng Tang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, 6 Lane 1220 Huashan Rd., Shanghai, 200052, NO, China.
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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13
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Fang Z, Monteiro VS, Renauer PA, Shang X, Suzuki K, Ling X, Bai M, Xiang Y, Levchenko A, Booth CJ, Lucas C, Chen S. Polyvalent mRNA vaccination elicited potent immune response to monkeypox virus surface antigens. Cell Res 2023; 33:407-410. [PMID: 36879038 PMCID: PMC9988199 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Fang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Paul A Renauer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xingbo Shang
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xinyu Ling
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meizhu Bai
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA. .,Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Wu-Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Pei R, Chen X, Wang Y. Potential threat of human pathogenic orthopoxviruses to public health and control strategies. JOURNAL OF BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY 2023; 5:1-7. [PMID: 36624850 PMCID: PMC9811937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobb.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopoxviruses (OPXVs) belong to a group of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses. Human pathogenic OPXVs (hpOPXVs) include at least five viruses, among which smallpox virus and monkeypox virus are the most dangerous viral pathogens. Both viruses are classified as category-one human infectious pathogens in China. Although smallpox was globally eradicated in the 1980 s, it is still a top biosecurity threat owing to the possibility of either being leaked to the outside world from a laboratory or being weaponized by terrorists. Beginning in early May 2022, a sudden outbreak of monkeypox was concurrently reported in more than 100 disparate geographical areas, representing a public health emergency of international concern, as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this review, we present the reasons for hpOPXVs such as monkeypox virus presenting a potential threat to public health. We then systematically review the historical and recent development of vaccines and drugs against smallpox and monkeypox. In the final section, we highlight the importance of viromics studies as an integral part of a forward defense strategy to eliminate the potential threat to public health from emerging or re-emerging hpOPXVs and their variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 44 Hongshancelu Avenue, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 44 Hongshancelu Avenue, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 44 Hongshancelu Avenue, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 44 Hongshancelu Avenue, Wuhan 430071, China,Innovation Center for Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 44 Hongshancelu Avenue, Wuhan 430071, China,Corresponding author
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15
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Yang L, Chen Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Pei R, Chen X, Wang Y. Immunization of mice with vaccinia virus Tiantan strain yields antibodies cross-reactive with protective antigens of monkeypox virus. Virol Sin 2023; 38:162-164. [PMID: 36272712 PMCID: PMC9580254 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The first study describing the cross-reactivity of antibodies elicited by a Chinese smallpox vaccine against MPXV. Mice immunized with vaccinia virus Tiantan strain yield antibodies cross-reactive with MPXV protective antigens. Cross-reactivities of VTT-elicited antibodies against monkeypox protective antigens are ranging from 33% to 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Innovation Center for Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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16
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Monkeypox infection elicits strong antibody and B cell response against A35R and H3L antigens. iScience 2023; 26:105957. [PMID: 36687315 PMCID: PMC9838220 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) resides in two forms; mature and enveloped, and depending on it, distinct proteins are displayed on the viral surface. Here, we expressed two MPXV antigens from the mature, and one from the enveloped form, and tested their reactivity to sera of 11 MPXV recoverees while comparing to sera from recently and past vaccinated individuals. 8 out of 11 recoverees exhibited detectable neutralization levels against Vaccinia Lister. Sera from all recoverees bound strongly to A35R and H3L antigens. Moreover, the responses to A35R were significantly higher within the recoverees compared to both recently and past vaccinated donors. Lastly, A35R- and H3L-specific IgG+ B cells ranging from 0.03-0.46% and 0.11-0.36%, respectively, were detected in all recoverees (A35R), and in 9 out of 11 recoverees (H3L). Therefore, A35R and H3L represent MPXV immune targets and could be used in a heat-inactivated serological ELISA for the identification of recent MPXV infection.
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17
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Xiang Y, White A. Monkeypox virus emerges from the shadow of its more infamous cousin: family biology matters. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1768-1777. [PMID: 35751396 PMCID: PMC9278444 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2095309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is closely related to the infamous variola (smallpox) virus, causing a febrile rash illness in humans similar to but milder than smallpox. In the twentieth century, human monkeypox had been mostly a rare zoonotic disease confined to forested areas in West and Central Africa. However, the case number and geographic range have increased significantly in this century, coincided with the waning of the smallpox vaccine-induced immunity in the global population. The outbreak of human monkeypox in multiple countries since May 2022 has been unusual in its large case number and the absence of direct links to endemic countries, raising concerns for a possible change in monkeypox transmission pattern that could pose a greater global threat. Here, we review aspects of MPXV biology that are relevant for risk assessment and preparedness for a monkeypox epidemic, with an emphasis on recent progress in understanding of the virus host range, evolutionary potential, and neutralization targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Addison White
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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Gong Q, Wang C, Chuai X, Chiu S. Monkeypox virus: a re-emergent threat to humans. Virol Sin 2022; 37:477-482. [PMID: 35820590 PMCID: PMC9437600 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monkeypox (MPX) is a rare zoonotic infection characterized by smallpox-like signs and symptoms. It is caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), a double stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus. MPX was first identified in 1970 and mostly prevailed in the rural rainforests of Central and West Africa in the past. Outside Africa, MPX was reported in the United Kingdom, the USA, Israel, and Singapore. In 2022, the resurgence of MPX in Europe and elsewhere posed a potential threat to humans. MPXV was transmitted by the animals-human or human-human pathway, and the symptoms of MPXV infection are similar to that of smallpox, but in a milder form and with lower mortality (1%-10%). Although the smallpox vaccination has been shown to provide 85% protection against MPXV infection, and two anti-smallpox virus drugs have been approved to treat MPXV, there are still no specific vaccines and drugs against MPXV infection. Therefore it is urgent to take active measures including the adoption of novel anti-MPXV strategies to control the spread of MPXV and prevent MPX epidemic. In this review, we summarize the biological features, epidemiology, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis, and prevention and treatment strategies on MPXV. This review provides the basic knowledge for prevention and control of future outbreaks of this emerging infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizan Gong
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Changle Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Xia Chuai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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19
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New p35 (H3L) Epitope Involved in Vaccinia Virus Neutralization and Its Deimmunization. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061224. [PMID: 35746695 PMCID: PMC9227246 DOI: 10.3390/v14061224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a promising oncolytic agent because it exhibits many characteristic features of an oncolytic virus. However, its effectiveness is limited by the strong antiviral immune response induced by this virus. One possible approach to overcome this limitation is to develop deimmunized recombinant VACV. It is known that VACV p35 is a major protein for B- and T-cell immune response. Despite the relevance of p35, its epitope structure remains insufficiently studied. To determine neutralizing epitopes, a panel of recombinant p35 variants was designed, expressed, and used for mice immunization. Plaque-reduction neutralization tests demonstrated that VACV was only neutralized by sera from mice that were immunized with variants containing both N- and C- terminal regions of p35. This result was confirmed by the depletion of anti-p35 mice sera with recombinant p35 variants. At least nine amino acid residues affecting the immunogenic profile of p35 were identified. Substitutions of seven residues led to disruption of B-cell epitopes, whereas substitutions of two residues resulted in the recognition of the mutant p35 solely by non-neutralizing antibodies.
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20
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Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry identifies the dominant paratope in CD20 antigen binding to the NCD1.2 monoclonal antibody. Biochem J 2021; 478:99-120. [PMID: 33284343 PMCID: PMC7813475 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A comparative canine–human therapeutics model is being developed in B-cell lymphoma through the generation of a hybridoma cell that produces a murine monoclonal antibody specific for canine CD20. The hybridoma cell produces two light chains, light chain-3, and light chain-7. However, the contribution of either light chain to the authentic full-length hybridoma derived IgG is undefined. Mass spectrometry was used to identify only one of the two light chains, light chain-7, as predominating in the full-length IgG. Gene synthesis created a recombinant murine–canine chimeric monoclonal antibody expressing light chain-7 that reconstituted the IgG binding to CD20. Using light chain-7 as a reference sequence, hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry was used to identify the dominant CDR region implicated in CD20 antigen binding. Early in the deuteration reaction, the CD20 antigen suppressed deuteration at CDR3 (VH). In later time points, deuterium suppression occurred at CDR2 (VH) and CDR2 (VL), with the maintenance of the CDR3 (VH) interaction. These data suggest that CDR3 (VH) functions as the dominant antigen docking motif and that antibody aggregation is induced at later time points after antigen binding. These approaches define a methodology for fine mapping of CDR contacts using nested enzymatic reactions and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. These data support the further development of an engineered, synthetic canine–murine monoclonal antibody, focused on CDR3 (VH), for use as a canine lymphoma therapeutic that mimics the human–murine chimeric anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab.
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21
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Sun H, Ma L, Wang L, Xiao P, Li H, Zhou M, Song D. Research advances in hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry for protein epitope mapping. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2345-2359. [PMID: 33404742 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
With the development of biomedical technology, epitope mapping of proteins has become critical for developing and evaluating new protein drugs. The application of hydrogen-deuterium exchange for protein epitope mapping holds great potential. Although several reviews addressed the hydrogen-deuterium exchange, to date, only a few systematic reviews have focused on epitope mapping using this technology. Here, we introduce the basic principles, development history, and review research progress in hydrogen-deuterium exchange epitope mapping technology and discuss its advantages. We summarize the main hurdles in applying hydrogen-deuterium exchange epitope mapping technology, combined with relevant examples to provide specific solutions. We describe the epitope mapping of virus assemblies, disease-associated proteins, and polyclonal antibodies as examples of pattern introduction. Finally, we discuss the outlook of hydrogen-deuterium exchange epitope mapping technology. This review will help researchers studying protein epitopes to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Sun
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingyun Ma
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Leyu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Chemical and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
| | - Dewei Song
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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22
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Song K, Viskovska M. Design and Engineering of Deimmunized Vaccinia Viral Vectors. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E491. [PMID: 33187060 PMCID: PMC7697509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia viral (VV) vectors are increasingly used in oncolytic virus therapy and vaccine development for cancer and infectious diseases. However, their effectiveness is hindered by the strong anti-viral immune response induced by the viral vector. In this review, we discuss the strategies to deimmunize vaccinia viral vector. One approach is to mask the virus from the neutralization antibody responses by mapping and eliminating of B-cell epitopes on the viral membrane proteins. The recombinant VVs contain one or more viral glycoproteins with mutations in the neutralizing antibody epitopes, resulting in viral escape from neutralization. In addition, a regulator of complement activation (e.g., CD55) can be expressed on the surface of the virus particle, leading to increased resistance to complement-mediated neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariya Viskovska
- Icell Kealex Therapeutics, 2450 Holcombe Blvd Suite J, JALBS@TMC, Houston, TX 77021, USA;
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23
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Avril A. Therapeutic Antibodies for Biodefense. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1053:173-205. [PMID: 29549640 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72077-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diseases can be caused naturally by biological agents such as bacteria, viruses and toxins (natural risk). However, such biological agents can be intentionally disseminated in the environment by a State (military context) or terrorists to cause diseases in a population or livestock, to destabilize a nation by creating a climate of terror, destabilizing the economy and undermining institutions. Biological agents can be classified according to the severity of illness they cause, its mortality and how easily the agent can be spread. The Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) classify biological agents in three categories (A, B and C); Category A consists of the six pathogens most suitable for use as bioweapons (Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, botulinum neurotoxins, smallpox and viral hemorrhagic fevers). Antibodies represent a perfect biomedical countermeasure as they present both prophylactic and therapeutic properties, act fast and are highly specific to the target. This review focuses on the main biological agents that could be used as bioweapons, the history of biowarfare and antibodies that have been developed to neutralize these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Avril
- Département des maladies infectieuses, Unité biothérapies anti-infectieuses et immunité, Institut de Recherche Biomédical des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
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24
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Meng X, Kaever T, Yan B, Traktman P, Zajonc DM, Peters B, Crotty S, Xiang Y. Characterization of murine antibody responses to vaccinia virus envelope protein A14 reveals an immunodominant antigen lacking of effective neutralization targets. Virology 2018; 518:284-292. [PMID: 29558682 PMCID: PMC5911218 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) A14 is a major envelope protein and a dominant antibody target in the smallpox vaccine. However, the role of anti-A14 antibodies in immunity against orthopoxviruses is unclear. Here, we characterized 22 A14 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) from two mice immunized with VACV. Epitope mapping showed that 21 mAbs targeted the C-terminal hydrophilic region, while one mAb recognized the middle region predicted to be across the viral envelope from the C-terminus. However, none of the mAbs bound to virions in studies with electron microscopy. Interestingly, some mAbs showed low VACV neutralization activities in the presence of complement and provided protection to SCID mice challenged with VACV ACAM2000. Our data showed that, although A14 is an immunodominant antigen in smallpox vaccine, its B cell epitopes are either enclosed within the virions or are inaccessible on virion surface. Anti-A14 antibodies, however, could contribute to protection against VACV through a complement-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Kaever
- Division of Vaccine Discovery La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paula Traktman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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25
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Karki M, Kumar A, Venkatesan G, Arya S, Pandey AB. Genetic analysis of L1R myristoylated protein of Capripoxviruses reveals structural homogeneity among poxviruses. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 58:224-231. [PMID: 29306003 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) are members of the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. CaPVs are responsible for important contagious diseases of small ruminants that are enzootic to the Indian sub-continent, Central and Northern Africa and the Middle East. In the present study, the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the L1R gene of sixteen CaPV isolates (seven SPPV and nine GTPV) from India were performed along with 3D homology modeling of the L1R protein. L1R is a myristoylated protein responsible for virion assembly and being present on intracellular mature virion (IMV) surface, it is also a potent target for eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Sequence analysis of CaPV L1R gene revealed an ORF of 738bp with >99% and >96% identity within species and between species, respectively, at both nucleotide as well as amino acid levels. Phylogenetic analysis displayed distinct clusters of members of genus Capripoxvirus, as GTPV, SPPV and LSDV. L1R at the protein level showed various species-specific signature residues that may be useful for future grouping or genotyping of CaPV members. CaPV L1R was predicted to possess myristoylation motif GAAASIQTTVNTLNEKI and a potential N-glycosylation site at amino acid residue 50 (Asn). Despite of different host specificity in poxviruses, comparative sequence analysis of L1R proteins revealed highly conserved nature with presence of myristoylation motif (GXXXS) and six cysteine residues forming three disulfide bonds among all poxviruses. The conserved and immunogenic nature of the CaPV L1R gene may prove to be a potential candidate/target for developing molecular diagnostics including recombinant protein based assays and prophylactics for the control of CaPV diseases in tropical countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Karki
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gnanavel Venkatesan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sargam Arya
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A B Pandey
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
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26
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Matho MH, Schlossman A, Gilchuk IM, Miller G, Mikulski Z, Hupfer M, Wang J, Bitra A, Meng X, Xiang Y, Kaever T, Doukov T, Ley K, Crotty S, Peters B, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Crowe JE, Zajonc DM. Structure-function characterization of three human antibodies targeting the vaccinia virus adhesion molecule D8. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:390-401. [PMID: 29123031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) envelope protein D8 is one of three glycosaminoglycan adhesion molecules and binds to the linear polysaccharide chondroitin sulfate (CS). D8 is also a target for neutralizing antibody responses that are elicited by the smallpox vaccine, which has enabled the first eradication of a human viral pathogen and is a useful model for studying antibody responses. However, to date, VACV epitopes targeted by human antibodies have not been characterized at atomic resolution. Here, we characterized the binding properties of several human anti-D8 antibodies and determined the crystal structures of three VACV-mAb variants, VACV-66, VACV-138, and VACV-304, separately bound to D8. Although all these antibodies bound D8 with high affinity and were moderately neutralizing in the presence of complement, VACV-138 and VACV-304 also fully blocked D8 binding to CS-A, the low affinity ligand for D8. VACV-138 also abrogated D8 binding to the high-affinity ligand CS-E, but we observed residual CS-E binding was observed in the presence of VACV-304. Analysis of the VACV-138- and VACV-304-binding sites along the CS-binding crevice of D8, combined with different efficiencies of blocking D8 adhesion to CS-A and CS-E allowed us to propose that D8 has a high- and low-affinity CS-binding region within its central crevice. The crevice is amenable to protein engineering to further enhance both specificity and affinity of binding to CS-E. Finally, a wild-type D8 tetramer specifically bound to structures within the developing glomeruli of the kidney, which express CS-E. We propose that through structure-based protein engineering, an improved D8 tetramer could be used as a potential diagnostic tool to detect expression of CS-E, which is a possible biomarker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iuliia M Gilchuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Greg Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Aruna Bitra
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Tom Kaever
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Tzanko Doukov
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla, California 92037; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Petersen RL. Strategies Using Bio-Layer Interferometry Biosensor Technology for Vaccine Research and Development. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7040049. [PMID: 29088096 PMCID: PMC5746772 DOI: 10.3390/bios7040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) real-time, label-free technology has greatly contributed to advances in vaccine research and development. BLI Octet platforms offer high-throughput, ease of use, reliability, and high precision analysis when compared with common labeling techniques. Many different strategies have been used to immobilize the pathogen or host molecules on BLI biosensors for real-time kinetics and affinity analysis, quantification, or high-throughput titer. These strategies can be used in multiple applications and shed light onto the structural and functional aspects molecules play during pathogen-host interactions. They also provide crucial information on how to achieve protection. This review summarizes some key BLI strategies used in human vaccine research and development.
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Abstract
The existence of catalytic antibodies has been known for decades. Natural antibodies capable of cleaving nucleic acid, protein, and polysaccharide substrates have been described. Although the discovery of catalytic antibodies initially aroused great interest because of their promise for the development of new catalysts, their enzymatic performance has been disappointing due to low reaction rates. However, in the areas of infection and immunity, where processes often occur over much longer times and involve high antibody concentrations, even low catalytic rates have the potential to influence biological outcomes. In this regard, the presence of catalytic antibodies recognizing host antigens has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, naturally occurring catalytic antibodies to microbial determinants have been correlated with resistance to infection. Recently, there has been substantial interest in harnessing the power of antibody-mediated catalysis against microbial antigens for host defense. Additional work is needed, however, to better understand the prevalence, function, and structural basis of catalytic activity in antibodies. Here we review the available information and suggest that antibody-mediated catalysis is a fertile area for study with broad applications in infection and immunity.
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Development of an animal model of progressive vaccinia in nu/nu mice and the use of bioluminescence imaging for assessment of the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against vaccinial B5 and L1 proteins. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:8-20. [PMID: 28495463 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was used to follow dissemination of recombinant vaccinia virus (VACV) expressing luciferase (IHD-J-Luc) in BALB/c nu/nu mice treated post-challenge with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against L1 and B5 VACV proteins in a model of Progressive Vaccinia (PV). Areas Under the flux Curve (AUC) were calculated for viral loads in multiple organs in individual mice. Following scarification with 105 pfu, IHD-J-Luc VACV undergoes fast replication at the injection site and disseminates rapidly to the inguinal lymph nodes followed by spleen, liver, and axillary lymph nodes within 2-3 days and before primary lesions are visible at the site of scarification. Extension of survival in nude mice treated with a combination of anti-B5 and anti-L1 MAbs 24 h post challenge correlated with a significant reduction in viral load at the site of scarification and delayed systemic dissemination. Nude mice reconstituted with 104 T cells prior to challenge with IHD-J-Luc, and treated with MAbs post-challenge, survived infection, cleared the virus from all organs and scarification site, and developed anti-VACV IgG and VACV-specific polyfunctional CD8+ T cells that co-expressed the degranulation marker CD107a, and IFNγ and TNFα cytokines. All T cell reconstituted mice survived intranasal re-challenge with IHD-J-Luc (104 pfu) two months after the primary infection. Thus, using BLI to monitor VACV replication in a PV model, we showed that anti-VACV MAbs administered post challenge extended survival of nude mice and protected T cell reconstituted nude mice from lethality by reducing replication at the site of scarification and systemic dissemination of VACV.
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Belov S, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. How human IgGs against myelin basic protein (MBP) recognize oligopeptides and MBP. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [PMID: 28470769 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major protein of myelin-proteolipid shell of axons, and it plays an important role in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. In the literature, there are no data on how antibodies recognize different protein antigens including MBP. A stepwise increase in ligand complexity was used to estimate the relative contributions of virtually every amino acid residue (AA) of a specific 12-mer LSRFSWGAEGQK oligopeptide corresponding to immunodominant sequence of MBP to the light chains and to intact anti-MBP IgGs from sera of patients with multiple sclerosis. It was shown that the minimal ligands of the light chains of IgGs are many different free AAs (Kd = 0.51-0.016 M), and each free AA interacts with the specific subsite of the light chain intended for recognition of this AA in specific LSRFSW oligopeptide. A gradual transition from Leu to LSRFSWGAEGQK leads to an increase in the affinity from 10-1 to 2.3 × 10-4 M because of additive interactions of the light chain with 6 AAs of this oligopeptide and then the affinity reaches plateau. The contributions of 6 various AAs to the affinity of the oligopeptide are different (Kd , M): 0.71 (S), 0.44 (R), 0.14 (F), 0.17 (S), and 0.62 (W). Affinity of nonspecific oligopeptides to the light chains of IgGs is significantly lower. Intact MBP interacts with both light and heavy chains of IgGs demonstrating 192-fold higher affinity than the specific oligopeptide. It is a first quantitative analysis of the mechanism of proteins recognition by antibodies. The thermodynamic model was constructed to describe the interactions of IgGs with MBP. The data obtained can be very useful for understanding how antibodies against many different proteins can recognize these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Belov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Hansen CS, Østerbye T, Marcatili P, Lund O, Buus S, Nielsen M. ArrayPitope: Automated Analysis of Amino Acid Substitutions for Peptide Microarray-Based Antibody Epitope Mapping. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168453. [PMID: 28095436 PMCID: PMC5240915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of epitopes targeted by antibodies (B cell epitopes) is of critical importance for the development of many diagnostic and therapeutic tools. For clinical usage, such epitopes must be extensively characterized in order to validate specificity and to document potential cross-reactivity. B cell epitopes are typically classified as either linear epitopes, i.e. short consecutive segments from the protein sequence or conformational epitopes adapted through native protein folding. Recent advances in high-density peptide microarrays enable high-throughput, high-resolution identification and characterization of linear B cell epitopes. Using exhaustive amino acid substitution analysis of peptides originating from target antigens, these microarrays can be used to address the specificity of polyclonal antibodies raised against such antigens containing hundreds of epitopes. However, the interpretation of the data provided in such large-scale screenings is far from trivial and in most cases it requires advanced computational and statistical skills. Here, we present an online application for automated identification of linear B cell epitopes, allowing the non-expert user to analyse peptide microarray data. The application takes as input quantitative peptide data of fully or partially substituted overlapping peptides from a given antigen sequence and identifies epitope residues (residues that are significantly affected by substitutions) and visualize the selectivity towards each residue by sequence logo plots. Demonstrating utility, the application was used to identify and address the antibody specificity of 18 linear epitope regions in Human Serum Albumin (HSA), using peptide microarray data consisting of fully substituted peptides spanning the entire sequence of HSA and incubated with polyclonal rabbit anti-HSA (and mouse anti-rabbit-Cy3). The application is made available at: www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/ArrayPitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Skjødt Hansen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Østerbye
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paolo Marcatili
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Lund
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Buus
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Vaccinia Virus (VACV) is an enveloped double stranded DNA virus and the active ingredient of the smallpox vaccine. The systematic administration of this vaccine led to the eradication of circulating smallpox (variola virus, VARV) from the human population. As a tribute to its success, global immunization was ended in the late 1970s. The efficacy of the vaccine is attributed to a robust production of protective antibodies against several envelope proteins of VACV, which cross-protect against infection with pathogenic VARV. Since global vaccination was ended, most children and young adults do not possess immunity against smallpox. This is a concern, since smallpox is considered a potential bioweapon. Although the smallpox vaccine is considered the gold standard of all vaccines and the targeted antigens have been widely studied, the epitopes that are targeted by the protective antibodies and their mechanism of binding had been, until recently, poorly characterized. Understanding the precise interaction between the antibodies and their epitopes will be helpful in the design of better vaccines against other diseases. In this review we will discuss the structural basis of recognition of the immunodominant VACV antigens A27, A33, D8, and L1 by protective antibodies and discuss potential implications regarding their protective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
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33
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Evgin L, Ilkow CS, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, de Souza CT, Stubbert L, Huh MS, Jennings VA, Marguerie M, Acuna SA, Keller BA, Lefebvre C, Falls T, Le Boeuf F, Auer RA, Lambris JD, McCart JA, Stojdl DF, Bell JC. Complement inhibition enables tumor delivery of LCMV glycoprotein pseudotyped viruses in the presence of antiviral antibodies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16027. [PMID: 27909702 PMCID: PMC5111574 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The systemic delivery of therapeutic viruses, such as oncolytic viruses or vaccines, is limited by the generation of neutralizing antibodies. While pseudotyping of rhabdoviruses with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein has previously allowed for multiple rounds of delivery in mice, this strategy has not translated to other animal models. For the first time, we provide experimental evidence that antibodies generated against the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein mediate robust complement-dependent viral neutralization via activation of the classical pathway. We show that this phenotype can be capitalized upon to deliver maraba virus pseudotyped with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein in a Fischer rat model in the face of neutralizing antibody through the use of complement modulators. This finding changes the understanding of the humoral immune response to arenaviruses, and also describes methodology to deliver viral vectors to their therapeutic sites of action without the interference of neutralizing antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lawton Stubbert
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael S Huh
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria A Jennings
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique Marguerie
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergio A Acuna
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian A Keller
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Lefebvre
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa Falls
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabrice Le Boeuf
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Auer
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Andrea McCart
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David F Stojdl
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Linear Epitopes in Vaccinia Virus A27 Are Targets of Protective Antibodies Induced by Vaccination against Smallpox. J Virol 2016; 90:4334-4345. [PMID: 26889021 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02878-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vaccinia virus (VACV) A27 is a target for viral neutralization and part of the Dryvax smallpox vaccine. A27 is one of the three glycosaminoglycan (GAG) adhesion molecules and binds to heparan sulfate. To understand the function of anti-A27 antibodies, especially their protective capacity and their interaction with A27, we generated and subsequently characterized 7 murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which fell into 4 distinct epitope groups (groups I to IV). The MAbs in three groups (groups I, III, and IV) bound to linear peptides, while the MAbs in group II bound only to VACV lysate and recombinant A27, suggesting that they recognized a conformational and discontinuous epitope. Only group I antibodies neutralized the mature virion in a complement-dependent manner and protected against VACV challenge, while a group II MAb partially protected against VACV challenge but did not neutralize the mature virion. The epitope for group I MAbs was mapped to a region adjacent to the GAG binding site, a finding which suggests that group I MAbs could potentially interfere with the cellular adhesion of A27. We further determined the crystal structure of the neutralizing group I MAb 1G6, as well as the nonneutralizing group IV MAb 8E3, bound to the corresponding linear epitope-containing peptides. Both the light and the heavy chains of the antibodies are important in binding to their antigens. For both antibodies, the L1 loop seems to dominate the overall polar interactions with the antigen, while for MAb 8E3, the light chain generally appears to make more contacts with the antigen. IMPORTANCE Vaccinia virus is a powerful model to study antibody responses upon vaccination, since its use as the smallpox vaccine led to the eradication of one of the world's greatest killers. The immunodominant antigens that elicit the protective antibodies are known, yet for many of these antigens, little information about their precise interaction with antibodies is available. In an attempt to better understand the interplay between the antibodies and their antigens, we generated and functionally characterized a panel of anti-A27 antibodies and studied their interaction with the epitope using X-ray crystallography. We identified one protective antibody that binds adjacent to the heparan sulfate binding site of A27, likely affecting ligand binding. Analysis of the antibody-antigen interaction supports a model in which antibodies that can interfere with the functional activity of the antigen are more likely to confer protection than those that bind at the extremities of the antigen.
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Stern D, Pauly D, Zydek M, Miller L, Piesker J, Laue M, Lisdat F, Dorner MB, Dorner BG, Nitsche A. Development of a Genus-Specific Antigen Capture ELISA for Orthopoxviruses - Target Selection and Optimized Screening. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150110. [PMID: 26930499 PMCID: PMC4773239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopoxvirus species like cowpox, vaccinia and monkeypox virus cause zoonotic infections in humans worldwide. Infections often occur in rural areas lacking proper diagnostic infrastructure as exemplified by monkeypox, which is endemic in Western and Central Africa. While PCR detection requires demanding equipment and is restricted to genome detection, the evidence of virus particles can complement or replace PCR. Therefore, an easily distributable and manageable antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of orthopoxviruses was developed to facilitate particle detection. By comparing the virus particle binding properties of polyclonal antibodies developed against surface-exposed attachment or fusion proteins, the surface protein A27 was found to be a well-bound, highly immunogenic and exposed target for antibodies aiming at virus particle detection. Subsequently, eight monoclonal anti-A27 antibodies were generated and characterized by peptide epitope mapping and surface plasmon resonance measurements. All antibodies were found to bind with high affinity to two epitopes at the heparin binding site of A27, toward either the N- or C-terminal of the crucial KKEP-segment of A27. Two antibodies recognizing different epitopes were implemented in an antigen capture ELISA. Validation showed robust detection of virus particles from 11 different orthopoxvirus isolates pathogenic to humans, with the exception of MVA, which is apathogenic to humans. Most orthopoxviruses could be detected reliably for viral loads above 1 × 103 PFU/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first solely monoclonal and therefore reproducible antibody-based antigen capture ELISA able to detect all human pathogenic orthopoxviruses including monkeypox virus, except variola virus which was not included. Therefore, the newly developed antibody-based assay represents important progress towards feasible particle detection of this important genus of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Pauly
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Zydek
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences, Wildau, Germany
| | - Lilija Miller
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences, Wildau, Germany
| | - Martin B. Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte G. Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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36
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Matho MH, Schlossman A, Meng X, Benhnia MREI, Kaever T, Buller M, Doronin K, Parker S, Peters B, Crotty S, Xiang Y, Zajonc DM. Structural and Functional Characterization of Anti-A33 Antibodies Reveal a Potent Cross-Species Orthopoxviruses Neutralizer. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005148. [PMID: 26325270 PMCID: PMC4556652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus A33 is an extracellular enveloped virus (EEV)-specific type II membrane glycoprotein that is essential for efficient EEV formation and long-range viral spread within the host. A33 is a target for neutralizing antibody responses against EEV. In this study, we produced seven murine anti-A33 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by immunizing mice with live VACV, followed by boosting with the soluble A33 homodimeric ectodomain. Five A33 specific MAbs were capable of neutralizing EEV in the presence of complement. All MAbs bind to conformational epitopes on A33 but not to linear peptides. To identify the epitopes, we have adetermined the crystal structures of three representative neutralizing MAbs in complex with A33. We have further determined the binding kinetics for each of the three antibodies to wild-type A33, as well as to engineered A33 that contained single alanine substitutions within the epitopes of the three crystallized antibodies. While the Fab of both MAbs A2C7 and A20G2 binds to a single A33 subunit, the Fab from MAb A27D7 binds to both A33 subunits simultaneously. A27D7 binding is resistant to single alanine substitutions within the A33 epitope. A27D7 also demonstrated high-affinity binding with recombinant A33 protein that mimics other orthopoxvirus strains in the A27D7 epitope, such as ectromelia, monkeypox, and cowpox virus, suggesting that A27D7 is a potent cross-neutralizer. Finally, we confirmed that A27D7 protects mice against a lethal challenge with ectromelia virus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibody Affinity
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/chemistry
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/genetics
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/metabolism
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Female
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Orthopoxvirus/immunology
- Orthopoxvirus/physiology
- Poxviridae Infections/immunology
- Poxviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Poxviridae Infections/virology
- Protein Conformation
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/metabolism
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
- Vero Cells
- Viral Envelope Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
- Viral Tropism
- Viral Vaccines/chemistry
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/metabolism
- Viral Vaccines/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Matho
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Schlossman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville; and Laboratory of Immunovirology, Unit 211, Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBIS), Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas Kaever
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Buller
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Doronin
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott Parker
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dirk M. Zajonc
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Evgin L, Acuna SA, Tanese de Souza C, Marguerie M, Lemay CG, Ilkow CS, Findlay CS, Falls T, Parato KA, Hanwell D, Goldstein A, Lopez R, Lafrance S, Breitbach CJ, Kirn D, Atkins H, Auer RC, Thurman JM, Stahl GL, Lambris JD, Bell JC, McCart JA. Complement inhibition prevents oncolytic vaccinia virus neutralization in immune humans and cynomolgus macaques. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1066-1076. [PMID: 25807289 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have shown promising clinical activity when administered by direct intratumoral injection. However, natural barriers in the blood, including antibodies and complement, are likely to limit the ability to repeatedly administer OVs by the intravenous route. We demonstrate here that for a prototype of the clinical vaccinia virus based product Pexa-Vec, the neutralizing activity of antibodies elicited by smallpox vaccination, as well as the anamnestic response in hyperimmune virus treated cancer patients, is strictly dependent on the activation of complement. In immunized rats, complement depletion stabilized vaccinia virus in the blood and led to improved delivery to tumors. Complement depletion also enhanced tumor infection when virus was directly injected into tumors in immunized animals. The feasibility and safety of using a complement inhibitor, CP40, in combination with vaccinia virus was tested in cynomolgus macaques. CP40 pretreatment elicited an average 10-fold increase in infectious titer in the blood early after the infusion and prolonged the time during which infectious virus was detectable in the blood of animals with preexisting immunity. Capitalizing on the complement dependence of antivaccinia antibody with adjunct complement inhibitors may increase the infectious dose of oncolytic vaccinia virus delivered to tumors in virus in immune hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergio A Acuna
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Monique Marguerie
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal G Lemay
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Scott Findlay
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa Falls
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelley A Parato
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hanwell
- Animal Resources Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssa Goldstein
- Animal Resources Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto Lopez
- Animal Resources Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Lafrance
- Animal Resources Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Harold Atkins
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory L Stahl
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C Bell
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J Andrea McCart
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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