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Lamb JS, Tornos J, Lejeune M, Boulinier T. Rapid loss of maternal immunity and increase in environmentally mediated antibody generation in urban gulls. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4357. [PMID: 38388645 PMCID: PMC10884025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring pathogen circulation in wildlife sentinel populations can help to understand and predict the spread of disease at the wildlife-livestock-human interface. Immobile young provide a useful target population for disease surveillance, since they can be easily captured for sampling and their levels of antibodies against infectious agents can provide an index of localized circulation. However, early-life immune responses include both maternally-derived antibodies and antibodies resulting from exposure to pathogens, and disentangling these two processes requires understanding their individual dynamics. We conducted an egg-swapping experiment in an urban-nesting sentinel seabird, the yellow-legged gull, and measured antibody levels against three pathogens of interest (avian influenza virus AIV, Toxoplasma gondii TOX, and infectious bronchitis virus IBV) across various life stages, throughout chick growth, and between nestlings raised by biological or non-biological parents. We found that levels of background circulation differed among pathogens, with AIV antibodies widely present across all life stages, TOX antibodies rarer, and IBV antibodies absent. Antibody titers declined steadily from adult through egg, nestling, and chick stages. For the two circulating pathogens, maternal antibodies declined exponentially after hatching at similar rates, but the rate of linear increase due to environmental exposure was significantly higher in the more prevalent pathogen (AIV). Differences in nestling antibody levels due to parental effects also persisted longer for AIV (25 days, vs. 14 days for TOX). Our results suggest that yellow-legged gulls can be a useful sentinel population of locally transmitted infectious agents, provided that chicks are sampled at ages when environmental exposure outweighs maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet S Lamb
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - Jérémy Tornos
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Lejeune
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Boulinier
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
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2
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Sun W, Zhao M, Yu Z, Li Y, Zhang X, Feng N, Wang T, Wang H, He H, Zhao Y, Yang S, Xia X, Gao Y. Cross-species infection potential of avian influenza H13 viruses isolated from wild aquatic birds to poultry and mammals. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2184177. [PMID: 36877121 PMCID: PMC10013326 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2184177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Wild aquatic birds are the primary hosts of H13 avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Herein, we performed a genetic analysis of two H13 AIVs isolated from wild birds in China and evaluated their infection potential in poultry to further explore the potential for transmission from wild aquatic birds to poultry. Our results showed that the two strains belong to different groups, one strain (A/mallard/Dalian/DZ-137/2013; abbreviated as DZ137) belongs to Group I, whereas the other strain (A/Eurasian Curlew/Liaoning/ZH-385/2014; abbreviated as ZH385) belongs to Group III. In vitro experiments showed that both DZ137 and ZH385 can replicate efficiently in chicken embryo fibroblast cells. We found that these H13 AIVs can also efficiently replicate in mammalian cell lines, including human embryonic kidney cells and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In vivo experiments showed that DZ137 and ZH385 can infect 1-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, and that ZH385 has a higher replication ability in chickens than DZ137. Notably, only ZH385 can replicate efficiently in 10-day-old SPF chickens. However, neither DZ137 nor ZH385 can replicate well in turkeys and quails. Both DZ137 and ZH385 can replicate in 3-week-old mice. Serological surveillance of poultry showed a 4.6%-10.4% (15/328-34/328) antibody-positive rate against H13 AIVs in farm chickens. Our findings indicate that H13 AIVs have the replication ability in chickens and mice and may have a risk of crossing the host barrier from wild aquatic birds to poultry or mammals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yang'zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yang'zhou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang H, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Shen J, Sun X, Xu H, Xie Y, Gao X, Cui P, Chu D, Li Y, Liu W, Peng P, Deng G, Guo J, Li X. Prevalence, evolution, replication and transmission of H3N8 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds in eastern China from 2017 to 2021. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2184178. [PMID: 36913241 PMCID: PMC10013397 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2184178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The continued evolution and emergence of novel influenza viruses in wild and domestic animals poses an increasing public health risk. Two human cases of H3N8 avian influenza virus infection in China in 2022 have caused public concern regarding the risk of transmission between birds and humans. However, the prevalence of H3N8 avian influenza viruses in their natural reservoirs and their biological characteristics are largely unknown. To elucidate the potential threat of H3N8 viruses, we analyzed five years of surveillance data obtained from an important wetland region in eastern China and evaluated the evolutionary and biological characteristics of 21 H3N8 viruses isolated from 15,899 migratory bird samples between 2017 and 2021. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that the H3N8 viruses circulating in migratory birds and ducks have evolved into different branches and have undergone complicated reassortment with viruses in waterfowl. The 21 viruses belonged to 12 genotypes, and some strains induced body weight loss and pneumonia in mice. All the tested H3N8 viruses preferentially bind to avian-type receptors, although they have acquired the ability to bind human-type receptors. Infection studies in ducks, chickens and pigeons demonstrated that the currently circulating H3N8 viruses in migratory birds have a high possibility of infecting domestic waterfowl and a low possibility of infecting chickens and pigeons. Our findings imply that circulating H3N8 viruses in migratory birds continue to evolve and pose a high infection risk in domestic ducks. These results further emphasize the importance of avian influenza surveillance at the wild bird and poultry interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Zhao
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Shen
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongke Xu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Xie
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chu
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubao Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Deng
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyong Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
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4
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Kok A, Scheuer R, Bestebroer TM, Burke DF, Wilks SH, Spronken MI, de Meulder D, Lexmond P, Pronk M, Smith DJ, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM, Richard M. Characterization of A/H7 influenza virus global antigenic diversity and key determinants in the hemagglutinin globular head mediating A/H7N9 antigenic evolution. mBio 2023; 14:e0048823. [PMID: 37565755 PMCID: PMC10655666 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00488-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A/H7 avian influenza viruses cause outbreaks in poultry globally, resulting in outbreaks with significant socio-economical impact and zoonotic risks. Occasionally, poultry vaccination programs have been implemented to reduce the burden of these viruses, which might result in an increased immune pressure accelerating antigenic evolution. In fact, evidence for antigenic diversification of A/H7 influenza viruses exists, posing challenges to pandemic preparedness and the design of vaccination strategies efficacious against drifted variants. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the global antigenic diversity of A/H7 influenza viruses and identified the main substitutions in the hemagglutinin responsible for antigenic evolution in A/H7N9 viruses isolated between 2013 and 2019. The A/H7 antigenic map and knowledge of the molecular determinants of their antigenic evolution add value to A/H7 influenza virus surveillance programs, the design of vaccines and vaccination strategies, and pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinda Kok
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Scheuer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M. Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David F. Burke
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel H. Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monique I. Spronken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis de Meulder
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Pronk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lebarbenchon C, Boucher S, Feare C, Dietrich M, Larose C, Humeau L, Le Corre M, Jaeger A. Migratory patterns of two major influenza virus host species on tropical islands. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230600. [PMID: 37800153 PMCID: PMC10548098 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal migration is a major driver of infectious agent dispersal. Duck and seabird migrations, for instance, play a key role in the spatial transmission dynamics and gene flow of avian influenza viruses (AIV), worldwide. On tropical islands, brown and lesser noddies (Anous stolidus and Anous tenuirostris) may be important AIV hosts, but the lack of knowledge on their migratory behaviour limits our understanding of virus circulation in island networks. Here we show that high connectivity between islands generated by non-breeding dispersive behaviours may be a major driver in the spread and the maintenance of AIV among tropical islands of the western Indian Ocean. Tracking data highlight two types of dispersive behaviours during the non-breeding season: birds either staying in the vicinity of their breeding ground (on Bird Island, Seychelles), or moving to and roosting on other islands in the western Indian Ocean. Migrant birds used a wide range of roosting places from the Tanzanian coasts to the Maldives archipelago and Tromelin Island. Epidemiological data confirm that brown and lesser noddies are major hosts for AIV, although significant variations of seroprevalence between species suggest that other biological and ecological drivers could be involved in virus infection and transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Solenn Boucher
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE), CNRS IRD, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Chris Feare
- WildWings Bird Management, Haslemere, Surrey, UK
| | - Muriel Dietrich
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Laurence Humeau
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (PVBMT), CIRAD, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Matthieu Le Corre
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE), CNRS IRD, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Audrey Jaeger
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE), CNRS IRD, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
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Pereira PDC, Diniz DG, da Costa ER, Magalhães NGDM, da Silva ADJF, Leite JGS, Almeida NIP, Cunha KDN, de Melo MAD, Vasconcelos PFDC, Diniz JAP, Brites D, Anthony DC, Diniz CWP, Guerreiro-Diniz C. Genes, inflammatory response, tolerance, and resistance to virus infections in migratory birds, bats, and rodents. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239572. [PMID: 37711609 PMCID: PMC10497949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Normally, the host immunological response to viral infection is coordinated to restore homeostasis and protect the individual from possible tissue damage. The two major approaches are adopted by the host to deal with the pathogen: resistance or tolerance. The nature of the responses often differs between species and between individuals of the same species. Resistance includes innate and adaptive immune responses to control virus replication. Disease tolerance relies on the immune response allowing the coexistence of infections in the host with minimal or no clinical signs, while maintaining sufficient viral replication for transmission. Here, we compared the virome of bats, rodents and migratory birds and the molecular mechanisms underlying symptomatic and asymptomatic disease progression. We also explore the influence of the host physiology and environmental influences on RNA virus expression and how it impacts on the whole brain transcriptome of seemingly healthy semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) and spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularius). Three time points throughout the year were selected to understand the importance of longitudinal surveys in the characterization of the virome. We finally revisited evidence that upstream and downstream regulation of the inflammatory response is, respectively, associated with resistance and tolerance to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Seção de Hepatologia, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Ramos da Costa
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Jesus Falcão da Silva
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gizele Sousa Leite
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Natan Ibraim Pires Almeida
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Kelle de Nazaré Cunha
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mauro André Damasceno de Melo
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Picanço Diniz
- Seção de Hepatologia, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Clive Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro-Diniz
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
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Genetic Analysis of a Novel H16N3 Virus Isolated from a Migratory Gull in China in 2021 and Animal Studies of Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0248422. [PMID: 36314919 PMCID: PMC9769943 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02484-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
H16 avian influenza viruses mainly circulate in wild migratory gulls worldwide, and the infection risks in poultry and mammals remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a novel H16N3 virus from migratory gulls in eastern China in 2021. Genetic analysis indicated that the H16N3 virus originated from the H16 and H13 viruses that circulated in wild birds. This H16N3 virus has not adapted to replicate in chickens, ducks, or mice, although it can be transmitted between inoculated and contacted birds. The circulation of H16Nx viruses in the Northern Hemisphere indicates that we should strengthen active surveillance to monitor their prevalence and evolution in migratory gulls and their introduction into other migratory and domestic waterfowl. IMPORTANCE Migratory wild birds are natural reservoirs of H16 viruses and play a key role in the global prevalence of these viruses. Here, we found that H16 viruses predominantly circulate in migratory gulls and that the gull H16N3 virus cannot replicate efficiently in chickens, ducks, or mice without prior adaptation. These findings contribute to our understanding of the ecology, evolution, and biological properties of H16 viruses and will guide avian influenza surveillance in birds.
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Tarasiuk K, Kycko A, Knitter M, Świętoń E, Wyrostek K, Domańska-Blicharz K, Bocian Ł, Meissner W, Śmietanka K. Pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 subtype for herring gulls (Larus argentatus): impact of homo- and heterosubtypic immunity on the outcome of infection. Vet Res 2022; 53:108. [PMID: 36517883 PMCID: PMC9749649 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve understanding of the pathobiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections in wild birds, pathogenicity and transmissibility of HPAIV H5N8 subtype clade 2.3.4.4b was evaluated in ~ 8-week-old herring gulls (Larus argentatus) divided into 3 groups: naïve birds (group A), birds previously exposed to low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H5N1 (group B) and LPAIV H13N6 (group C). The HPAIV H5N8 virus was highly virulent for naïve gulls, that showed early morbidity, high mortality, a broad spectrum of clinical signs, including violent neurological disorders, systemic distribution of the virus in organs accompanied by high level of shedding and transmission to contact birds. Pre-exposure to homologous and heterologous LPAIV subtypes conferred only partial protection: we observed increased survival rate (statistically significant only in group B), nervous signs, pantropic distribution of virus in organs, shedding (significantly reduced in gulls of group C in the early phase of disease and asymptomatic shedding in the late phase), transmission to contact gulls (more pronounced in group B) and near-complete seroconversion in survivors. Histopathological and immunohistochemical results indicate virus tropism for the neural, respiratory and myocardial tissues. In conclusion, we demonstrate that HPAIV H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b is highly virulent and lethal for fully susceptible herring gulls and that pre-exposure to homo- and heterosubtypic LPAIV only partially modulates the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Tarasiuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Kycko
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Knitter
- Ornithology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology & Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Edyta Świętoń
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wyrostek
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bocian
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Meissner
- Ornithology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology & Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Śmietanka
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
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Caliendo V, Leijten L, van de Bildt MWG, Poen MJ, Kok A, Bestebroer T, Richard M, Fouchier RAM, Kuiken T. Long-Term Protective Effect of Serial Infections with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Ducks. J Virol 2022; 96:e0123322. [PMID: 36098512 PMCID: PMC9517725 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01233-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the Goose/Guangdong (Gs/Gd) lineage are an emerging threat to wild birds. In the 2016-2017 H5N8 outbreak, unexplained variability was observed in susceptible species, with some reports of infected birds dying in high numbers and other reports of apparently subclinical infections. This experimental study was devised to test the hypothesis that previous infection with a less-virulent HPAIV (i.e., 2014 H5N8) provides long-term immunity against subsequent infection with a more-virulent HPAIV (i.e., 2016 H5N8). Therefore, two species of wild ducks-the more-susceptible tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) and the more-resistant mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)-were serially inoculated, first with 2014 H5N8 and after 9 months with 2016 H5N8. For both species, a control group of birds was first sham inoculated and after 9 months inoculated with 2016 H5N8. Subsequent infection with the more-virulent 2016 H5N8 caused no clinical signs in tufted ducks that had previously been infected with 2014 H5N8 (n = 6) but caused one death in tufted ducks that had been sham inoculated (n = 7). In mallards, 2016 H5N8 infection caused significant body weight loss in previously sham-inoculated birds (n = 8) but not in previously infected birds (n = 7). IMPORTANCE This study showed that ducks infected with a less-virulent HPAIV developed immunity that was protective against a subsequent infection with a more-virulent HPAIV 9 months later. Following 2014 H5N8 infection, the proportion of birds with detectable influenza nucleoprotein antibody declined from 100% (8/8) in tufted ducks and 78% (7/9) in mallards after 1 month to 33% (2/6) in tufted ducks and 29% (2/7) in mallards after 9 months. This finding helps predict the expected impact that an HPAIV outbreak may have on wild bird populations, depending on whether they are immunologically naive or have survived previous infection with HPAIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caliendo
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Leijten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein J. Poen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adinda Kok
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Gulyaeva M, Badmaeva E, Yurchenko K, Sharshov K, Sobolev I, Bi Y, Chen J, Shi W, Diulin I, Dorzhiev T, Shestopalov A. Monitoring of Potentially Emerging Pathogens in Wild Birds at Baikal Lake Basin in 2019. ECOHEALTH 2022; 19:335-341. [PMID: 36018399 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gulyaeva
- FSBSI "The Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine", Timakova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630060.
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.
| | | | - Kseniya Yurchenko
- FSBSI "The Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine", Timakova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630060
| | - Kirill Sharshov
- FSBSI "The Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine", Timakova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630060
| | - Ivan Sobolev
- FSBSI "The Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine", Timakova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630060
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, People's Republic of China
| | - Iliya Diulin
- FSBSI "The Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine", Timakova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630060
| | | | - Alexander Shestopalov
- FSBSI "The Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine", Timakova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630060
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11
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Ineson KM, Hill NJ, Clark DE, MacKenzie KG, Whitney JJ, Laskaris Y, Ronconi RA, Ellis JC, Giroux JF, Lair S, Stevens S, Puryear WB, Runstadler JA. Age and season predict influenza A virus dynamics in urban gulls: consequences for natural hosts in unnatural landscapes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2497. [PMID: 34783416 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gulls are ubiquitous in urban areas due to a growing reliance on anthropogenic feeding sites, which has led to changes in their abundance, distribution, and migration ecology, with implications for disease transmission. Gulls offer a valuable model for testing hypotheses regarding the dynamics of influenza A virus (IAV) - for which gulls are a natural reservoir in urban areas. We sampled sympatric populations of Ring-billed (Larus delawarensis), Herring (L. argentatus), and Great Black-backed Gulls (L. marinus) along the densely populated Atlantic rim of North America to understand how IAV transmission is influenced by drivers such as annual cycle, host species, age, habitat type, and their interplay. We found that horizontal transmission, rather than vertical transmission, played an outsized role in the amplification of IAV due to the convergence of gulls from different breeding grounds and age classes. We detected overlapping effects of age and season in our prevalence model, identifying juveniles during autumn as the primary drivers of the seasonal epidemic in gulls. Gulls accumulated immunity over their lifespan, however short-term fluctuations in seroprevalence were observed, suggesting that migration may impose limits on the immune system to maintain circulating antibodies. We found that gulls in coastal urban habitats had higher viral prevalence than gulls captured inland, correlating with higher richness of waterbird species along the coast, a mechanism supported by our movement data. The peak in viral prevalence in newly fledged gulls that are capable of long-distance movement has important implications for the spread of pathogens to novel hosts during the migratory season as well as for human health as gulls increasingly utilize urban habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ineson
- Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA
| | - Nichola J Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125, USA
| | - Daniel E Clark
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, 01583, USA
| | - Kenneth G MacKenzie
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, 01583, USA
| | - Jillian J Whitney
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, 01583, USA
| | - Yianni Laskaris
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Galloway, New Jersey, 08205, USA
| | - Robert A Ronconi
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 2N6, Canada
| | - Julie C Ellis
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, 19348, USA
| | - Jean-François Giroux
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lair
- Centre québécois sur la santé des animaux sauvages/Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Skyler Stevens
- Division of Mathematics, Physical, and Natural Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, New Mexico, 87301, USA
| | - Wendy B Puryear
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
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12
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Hubálek Z. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with gulls and terns (Laridae). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail:
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13
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Verhagen JH, Fouchier RAM, Lewis N. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses at the Wild-Domestic Bird Interface in Europe: Future Directions for Research and Surveillance. Viruses 2021; 13:212. [PMID: 33573231 PMCID: PMC7912471 DOI: 10.3390/v13020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are no longer a rare phenomenon in Europe. In the past 15 years, HPAI outbreaks-in particular those caused by H5 viruses derived from the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage that emerged in southeast Asia in 1996-have been occuring with increasing frequency in Europe. Between 2005 and 2020, at least ten HPAI H5 incursions were identified in Europe resulting in mass mortalities among poultry and wild birds. Until 2009, the HPAI H5 virus outbreaks in Europe were caused by HPAI H5N1 clade 2.2 viruses, while from 2014 onwards HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses dominated outbreaks, with abundant genetic reassortments yielding subtypes H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N4, H5N5, H5N6 and H5N8. The majority of HPAI H5 virus detections in wild and domestic birds within Europe coincide with southwest/westward fall migration and large local waterbird aggregations during wintering. In this review we provide an overview of HPAI H5 virus epidemiology, ecology and evolution at the interface between poultry and wild birds based on 15 years of avian influenza virus surveillance in Europe, and assess future directions for HPAI virus research and surveillance, including the integration of whole genome sequencing, host identification and avian ecology into risk-based surveillance and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josanne H. Verhagen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; (J.H.V.); (R.A.M.F.)
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; (J.H.V.); (R.A.M.F.)
| | - Nicola Lewis
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK
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14
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Human Noroviruses Attach to Intestinal Tissues of a Broad Range of Animal Species. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01492-20. [PMID: 33115870 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01492-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses are the most common nonbacterial cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks, with new variants and genotypes frequently emerging. The origin of these new viruses is unknown; however, animals have been proposed as a potential source, as human noroviruses have been detected in animal species. Here, we investigated the potential of animals to serve as a reservoir of human noroviruses by testing norovirus attachment to formalin-fixed intestinal tissues of a range of potential reservoir animals. We set up a novel method to study norovirus binding using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled virus-like particles (VLPs). In humans, noroviruses interact with histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), carbohydrates that are expressed, among others, on the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract. In animals, this interaction is not well understood. To test if virus binding depends on HBGAs, we characterized the HBGA phenotype in animal tissues by immunohistochemistry. With the exception of the black-headed gull and the straw-colored fruitbat, we observed the attachment of several human norovirus genotypes to the intestinal epithelium of all tested animal species. However, we did not find an association between the expression of a specific HBGA phenotype and virus-like particle (VLP) attachment. We show that selected human noroviruses can attach to small-intestinal tissues across species, supporting the hypothesis that human noroviruses can reside in an animal reservoir. However, whether this attachment can subsequently lead to infection needs to be further assessed.IMPORTANCE Noroviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. New norovirus variants and recombinants (re)emerge regularly in the human population. From animal experiments and surveillance studies, it has become clear that at least seven animal models are susceptible to infection with human strains and that domesticated and wild animals shed human noroviruses in their feces. As virus attachment is an important first step for infection, we used a novel method utilizing FITC-labeled VLPs to test for norovirus attachment to intestinal tissues of potential animal hosts. We further characterized these tissues with regard to their HBGA expression, a well-studied norovirus susceptibility factor in humans. We found attachment of several human strains to a variety of animal species independent of their HBGA phenotype. This supports the hypothesis that human strains could reside in an animal reservoir.
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15
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Lam SS, Tjørnløv RS, Therkildsen OR, Christensen TK, Madsen J, Daugaard-Petersen T, Ortiz JMC, Peng W, Charbonneaux M, Rivas EI, Garbus SE, Lyngs P, Siebert U, Dietz R, Maier-Sam K, Lierz M, Tombre IM, Andersen-Ranberg EU, Sonne C. Seroprevalence of avian influenza in Baltic common eiders (Somateria mollissima) and pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105873. [PMID: 32585505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood plasma was collected during 2016-2018 from healthy incubating eiders (Somateria molissima, n = 183) in three Danish colonies, and healthy migrating pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus, n = 427) at their spring roost in Central Norway (Svalbard breeding population) and their novel flyway through the Finnish Baltic Sea (Russian breeding population). These species and flyways altogether represent terrestrial, brackish and marine ecosystems spanning from the Western to the Eastern and Northern part of the Baltic Sea. Plasma of these species was analysed for seroprevalence of specific avian influenza A (AI) antibodies to obtain information on circulating AI serotypes and exposure. Overall, antibody prevalence was 55% for the eiders and 47% for the pink-footed geese. Of AI-antibody seropositive birds, 12% (22/183) of the eiders and 3% (12/427) of the pink-footed geese had been exposed to AI of the potentially zoonotic serotypes H5 and/or H7 virus. AI seropositive samples selected at random (n = 33) showed a low frequency of serotypes H1, H6 and H9. Future projects should aim at sampling and isolating AI virus to characterize dominant serotypes and virus strains (PCR). This will increase our understanding of how AI exposure may affect health, breeding and population viability of Baltic common eiders and pink-footed geese as well as the potential spill-over to humans (zoonotic potential).
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Rune Skjold Tjørnløv
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Jesper Madsen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Tobias Daugaard-Petersen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Maël Charbonneaux
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Esteban Iglesias Rivas
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Svend-Erik Garbus
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Lyngs
- Christiansø Scientific Field Station, Christiansø 97, DK-3760 Gudhjem, Denmark
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, GE-25761 Büsum, Germany.
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kristina Maier-Sam
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91-93, GE-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Michael Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91-93, GE-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ingunn M Tombre
- Department of Arctic Ecology, The Fram Centre, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
| | - Emilie U Andersen-Ranberg
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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16
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Verhagen JH, Poen M, Stallknecht DE, van der Vliet S, Lexmond P, Sreevatsan S, Poulson RL, Fouchier RAM, Lebarbenchon C. Phylogeography and Antigenic Diversity of Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza H13 and H16 Viruses. J Virol 2020; 94:e00537-20. [PMID: 32321814 PMCID: PMC7307148 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00537-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) are genetically highly variable and have diversified into multiple evolutionary lineages that are primarily associated with wild-bird reservoirs. Antigenic variation has been described for mammalian influenza viruses and for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that circulate in poultry, but much less is known about antigenic variation of LPAIVs. In this study, we focused on H13 and H16 LPAIVs that circulate globally in gulls. We investigated the evolutionary history and intercontinental gene flow based on the hemagglutinin (HA) gene and used representative viruses from genetically distinct lineages to determine their antigenic properties by hemagglutination inhibition assays. For H13, at least three distinct genetic clades were evident, while for H16, at least two distinct genetic clades were evident. Twenty and ten events of intercontinental gene flow were identified for H13 and H16 viruses, respectively. At least two antigenic variants of H13 and at least one antigenic variant of H16 were identified. Amino acid positions in the HA protein that may be involved in the antigenic variation were inferred, and some of the positions were located near the receptor binding site of the HA protein, as they are in the HA protein of mammalian influenza A viruses. These findings suggest independent circulation of H13 and H16 subtypes in gull populations, as antigenic patterns do not overlap, and they contribute to the understanding of the genetic and antigenic variation of LPAIVs naturally circulating in wild birds.IMPORTANCE Wild birds play a major role in the epidemiology of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs), which are occasionally transmitted-directly or indirectly-from them to other species, including domestic animals, wild mammals, and humans, where they can cause subclinical to fatal disease. Despite a multitude of genetic studies, the antigenic variation of LPAIVs in wild birds is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history, intercontinental gene flow, and antigenic variation among H13 and H16 LPAIVs. The circulation of subtypes H13 and H16 seems to be maintained by a narrower host range, in particular gulls, than the majority of LPAIV subtypes and may therefore serve as a model for evolution and epidemiology of H1 to H12 LPAIVs in wild birds. The findings suggest that H13 and H16 LPAIVs circulate independently of each other and emphasize the need to investigate within-clade antigenic variation of LPAIVs in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josanne H Verhagen
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Linnaeus University, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Marjolein Poen
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Pascal Lexmond
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca L Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
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17
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SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LAUGHING GULLS (LEUCOPHAEUS ATRICILLA) AND MALLARDS (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) TO RUDDY TURNSTONE (ARENARIA INTERPRES MORINELLA) ORIGIN TYPE A INFLUENZA VIRUSES. J Wildl Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.7589/2019-03-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Bahnson CS, Poulson RL, Hollander LP, Bradley JAC, Stallknecht DE. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LAUGHING GULLS ( LEUCOPHAEUS ATRICILLA) AND MALLARDS ( ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) TO RUDDY TURNSTONE ( ARENARIA INTERPRES MORINELLA) ORIGIN TYPE A INFLUENZA VIRUSES. J Wildl Dis 2020; 56:167-174. [PMID: 31532732 PMCID: PMC9202238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Delaware Bay, US is the only documented location where influenza A virus (IAV) is consistently detected in a shorebird species, the Ruddy Turnstone (RUTU; Arenaria interpres morinella). Although IAV in shorebirds has been well studied at this site for decades, the importance of other species in the avian community as potential sources for the IAVs that infect RUTUs each spring remains unclear. We determined the susceptibility of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Laughing Gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla), to IAVs isolated from RUTUs in order to gain insight into the potential host range of these viruses. Captive-reared gulls were challenged with RUTU-origin H6N1, H10N7, H11N9, H12N4, and H13N6 IAV, as well as Mallard-origin H6N1 and H11N9. We challenged captive-reared Mallards with the same viruses, except for H13N6. At a biologically plausible challenge dose (104 50% embryo infective doses/0.1 mL), one of five gulls challenged with both H6N1 IAVs shed virus. The remaining gulls were resistant to infection with all viruses. In contrast, all Mallards were infected and shed virus. The H12N4 Mallard challenge group was an exception with no birds infected. These results indicated that Mallards are permissive to infection with viruses originating from a shorebird host and that interspecies transmission could occur. In contrast, host adaptation of IAVs to RUTUs may compromise their ability to be transmitted back to gulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie S. Bahnson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Laura P. Hollander
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Jo A. Crum Bradley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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19
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Dhondt AA, Dhondt KV, Hochachka WM, Ley DH, Hawley DM. Response of House Finches Recovered from Mycoplasma gallisepticum to Reinfection with a Heterologous Strain. Avian Dis 2019; 61:437-441. [PMID: 29337614 DOI: 10.1637/11571-122016-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
After recovery, house finches ( Haemorhous mexicanus) reinfected with the same Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain remain partially resistant to reinfection for at least 14 mo in that they recover from reinfection much more rapidly than do Mycoplasma gallisepticum-naïve birds. To test the response of birds to reinfection with a heterologous strain we performed two experiments. In a first experiment we exposed birds to one of three strains that differed in virulence. After they had recovered all were reinfected with the most virulent-strain available at the time of the experiment. In a second experiment we infected and later reinfected house finches with one of two Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains whereby we switched the order of the strain used. In both experiments, disease in birds reinfected with a more-virulent strain caused more-severe disease. Our data suggest that the observed increase in Mycoplasma gallisepticum virulence, once the disease has become endemic in free-ranging house finches is-in part-driven by increased resistance of recovered birds to strains of equal or lower virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- André A Dhondt
- A Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Keila V Dhondt
- B Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | | | - David H Ley
- C Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Dana M Hawley
- D Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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20
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Khan JS, Provencher JF, Forbes MR, Mallory ML, Lebarbenchon C, McCoy KD. Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2019; 82:1-50. [PMID: 31229148 PMCID: PMC7172769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are ubiquitous in the environment, and can cause negative effects in their host species. Importantly, seabirds can be long-lived and cross multiple continents within a single annual cycle, thus their exposure to parasites may be greater than other taxa. With changing climatic conditions expected to influence parasite distribution and abundance, understanding current level of infection, transmission pathways and population-level impacts are integral aspects for predicting ecosystem changes, and how climate change will affect seabird species. In particular, a range of micro- and macro-parasites can affect seabird species, including ticks, mites, helminths, viruses and bacteria in gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks and selected phalaropes (Charadriiformes), tropicbirds (Phaethontiformes), penguins (Sphenisciformes), tubenoses (Procellariiformes), cormorants, frigatebirds, boobies, gannets (Suliformes), and pelicans (Pelecaniformes) and marine seaducks and loons (Anseriformes and Gaviiformes). We found that the seabird orders of Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes were most represented in the parasite-seabird literature. While negative effects were reported in seabirds associated with all the parasite groups, most effects have been studied in adults with less information known about how parasites may affect chicks and fledglings. We found studies most often reported on negative effects in seabird hosts during the breeding season, although this is also the time when most seabird research occurs. Many studies report that external factors such as condition of the host, pollution, and environmental conditions can influence the effects of parasites, thus cumulative effects likely play a large role in how parasites influence seabirds at both the individual and population level. With an increased understanding of parasite-host dynamics it is clear that major environmental changes, often those associated with human activities, can directly or indirectly affect the distribution, abundance, or virulence of parasites and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid S Khan
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer F Provencher
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC, Canada.
| | - Mark R Forbes
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, GIP CYROI, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Karen D McCoy
- MIVEGEC, UMR 5290 CNRS-IRD-University of Montpellier, Centre IRD, Montpellier, France
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21
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van Toor ML, Avril A, Wu G, Holan SH, Waldenström J. As the Duck Flies—Estimating the Dispersal of Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses by Migrating Mallards. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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22
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Awada L, Tizzani P, Noh SM, Ducrot C, Ntsama F, Caceres P, Mapitse N, Chalvet-Monfray K. Global dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in poultry between 2005 and 2016-Focus on distance and rate of spread. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:2006-2016. [PMID: 30079591 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is of major importance for human and animal health because of high morbidity and mortality in poultry and the potential for transmission of this zoonotic pathogen to humans. Knowledge of HPAI epidemiology in avian populations and practical information on the temporal and spatial spread of the disease after introduction into a country is important in order to enhance the capacity of predicting and managing epidemics to minimize the negative impacts on human and animal health. Using data reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health between 2005 and 2017 by 199 countries for 14,129 outbreaks in poultry, we used a spatial and time-series analysis to determine that: (a) During the last 12 years, there were two major global peaks in the number of countries affected by HPAI with 23% and 26% of countries affected in 2006 and 2016. (b) Based on the seasonality analysis, spread is the lowest in September, begins to rise in October, and peaks in February. (c) The median distance HPAI outbreaks spread from the index outbreak was 111 km, while the median apparent rate of spread of outbreaks was 1.9 km/day. (d) In 39% of HPAI events, the disease did not spread beyond the index outbreak and the median maximum spread from the index outbreak per event was 45 km. (e) The distance HPAI outbreaks spread from the index outbreak was significantly negatively correlated with the number of outbreaks during the same time period, indicating that the spread of HPAI was lower during global panzootics than during periods of low transmission. These findings are of major importance for veterinary services to design and implement surveillance measures for improving preparedness to minimize the impacts of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Awada
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France.,UMR EPIA, INRA VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Susan Marite Noh
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France.,Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington
| | | | - Francois Ntsama
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Paula Caceres
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Neo Mapitse
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
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23
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H13 influenza viruses in wild birds have undergone genetic and antigenic diversification in nature. Virus Genes 2018; 54:543-549. [PMID: 29796944 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Among 16 haemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), H13 AIVs have rarely been isolated in wild waterfowl. H13 AIVs cause asymptomatic infection and are maintained mainly in gull and tern populations; however, the recorded antigenic information relating to the viruses has been limited. In this study, 2 H13 AIVs, A/duck/Hokkaido/W345/2012 (H13N2) and A/duck/Hokkaido/WZ68/2012 (H13N2), isolated from the same area in the same year in our surveillance, were genetically and antigenically analyzed with 10 representative H13 strains including a prototype strain, A/gull/Maryland/704/1977 (H13N6). The HA genes of H13 AIVs were phylogenetically divided into 3 groups (I, II, and III). A/duck/Hokkaido/W345/2012 (H13N2) was genetically classified into Group III. This virus was distinct from a prototype strain, A/gull/Maryland/704/1977 (H13N6), and the virus, A/duck/Hokkaido/WZ68/2012 (H13N2), both belonging to Group I. Antigenic analysis indicated that the viruses of Group I were antigenically closely related to those of Group II, but distinct from those of Group III, including A/duck/Hokkaido/W345/2012 (H13N2). In summary, our study indicates that H13 AIVs have undergone antigenic diversification in nature.
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Hill SC, Manvell RJ, Schulenburg B, Shell W, Wikramaratna PS, Perrins C, Sheldon BC, Brown IH, Pybus OG. Antibody responses to avian influenza viruses in wild birds broaden with age. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.2159. [PMID: 28003449 PMCID: PMC5204166 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For viruses such as avian influenza, immunity within a host population can drive the emergence of new strains by selecting for viruses with novel antigens that avoid immune recognition. The accumulation of acquired immunity with age is hypothesized to affect how influenza viruses emerge and spread in species of different lifespans. Despite its importance for understanding the behaviour of avian influenza viruses, little is known about age-related accumulation of immunity in the virus's primary reservoir, wild birds. To address this, we studied the age structure of immune responses to avian influenza virus in a wild swan population (Cygnus olor), before and after the population experienced an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in 2008. We performed haemagglutination inhibition assays on sampled sera for five avian influenza strains and show that breadth of response accumulates with age. The observed age-related distribution of antibody responses to avian influenza strains may explain the age-dependent mortality observed during the highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak. Age structures and species lifespan are probably important determinants of viral epidemiology and virulence in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Ruth J Manvell
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK
| | | | - Wendy Shell
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK
| | | | - Christopher Perrins
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Ben C Sheldon
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Ian H Brown
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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25
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Abstract
Waterbirds are the main reservoir for low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (LPAIV), from which occasional spillover to poultry occurs. When circulating among poultry, LPAIV may become highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (HPAIV). In recent years, the epidemiology of HPAIV viruses has changed drastically. HPAIV H5N1 are currently endemic among poultry in a number of countries. In addition, global spread of HPAIV H5Nx viruses has resulted in major outbreaks among wild birds and poultry worldwide. Using data collected during these outbreaks, the role of migratory birds as a vector became increasingly clear. Here we provide an overview of current data about various aspects of the changing role of wild birds in the epidemiology of avian influenza A viruses.
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26
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Latorre-Margalef N, Brown JD, Fojtik A, Poulson RL, Carter D, Franca M, Stallknecht DE. Competition between influenza A virus subtypes through heterosubtypic immunity modulates re-infection and antibody dynamics in the mallard duck. PLoS Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28640898 PMCID: PMC5481145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our overall hypothesis is that host population immunity directed at multiple antigens will influence the prevalence, diversity and evolution of influenza A virus (IAV) in avian populations where the vast subtype diversity is maintained. To investigate how initial infection influences the outcome of later infections with homologous or heterologous IAV subtypes and how viruses interact through host immune responses, we carried out experimental infections in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Mallards were pre-challenged with an H3N8 low-pathogenic IAV and were divided into six groups. At five weeks post H3N8 inoculation, each group was challenged with a different IAV subtype (H4N5, H10N7, H6N2, H12N5) or the same H3N8. Two additional pre-challenged groups were inoculated with the homologous H3N8 virus at weeks 11 and 15 after pre-challenge to evaluate the duration of protection. The results showed that mallards were still resistant to re-infection after 15 weeks. There was a significant reduction in shedding for all pre-challenged groups compared to controls and the outcome of the heterologous challenges varied according to hemagglutinin (HA) phylogenetic relatedness between the viruses used. There was a boost in the H3 antibody titer after re-infection with H4N5, which is consistent with original antigenic sin or antigenic seniority and suggest a putative strategy of virus evasion. These results imply competition between related subtypes that could regulate IAV subtype population dynamics in nature. Collectively, we provide new insights into within-host IAV complex interactions as drivers of IAV antigenic diversity that could allow the circulation of multiple subtypes in wild ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Latorre-Margalef
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Justin D. Brown
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, Pennsylvania State University, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alinde Fojtik
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deborah Carter
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Monique Franca
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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27
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Dannemiller NG, Webb CT, Wilson KR, Bentler KT, Mooers NL, Ellis JW, Root JJ, Franklin AB, Shriner SA. Impact of body condition on influenza A virus infection dynamics in mallards following a secondary exposure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175757. [PMID: 28423047 PMCID: PMC5396890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory waterfowl are often viewed as vehicles for the global spread of influenza A viruses (IAVs), with mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) implicated as particularly important reservoir hosts. The physical demands and energetic costs of migration have been shown to influence birds' body condition; poorer body condition may suppress immune function and affect the course of IAV infection. Our study evaluated the impact of body condition on immune function and viral shedding dynamics in mallards naturally exposed to an H9 IAV, and then secondarily exposed to an H4N6 IAV. Mallards were divided into three treatment groups of 10 birds per group, with each bird's body condition manipulated as a function of body weight by restricting food availability to achieve either a -10%, -20%, or control body weight class. We found that mallards exhibit moderate heterosubtypic immunity against an H4N6 IAV infection after an infection from an H9 IAV, and that body condition did not have an impact on shedding dynamics in response to a secondary exposure. Furthermore, body condition did not affect aspects of the innate and adaptive immune system, including the acute phase protein haptoglobin, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, and antibody production. Contrary to recently proposed hypotheses and some experimental evidence, our data do not support relationships between body condition, infection and immunocompetence following a second exposure to IAV in mallards. Consequently, while annual migration may be a driver in the maintenance and spread of IAVs, the energetic demands of migration may not affect susceptibility in mallards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Dannemiller
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Colleen T. Webb
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kenneth R. Wilson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kevin T. Bentler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Mooers
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jeremy W. Ellis
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - J. Jeffrey Root
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Franklin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Susan A. Shriner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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28
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Poen MJ, Verhagen JH, Manvell RJ, Brown I, Bestebroer TM, van der Vliet S, Vuong O, Scheuer RD, van der Jeugd HP, Nolet BA, Kleyheeg E, Müskens GJDM, Majoor FA, Grund C, Fouchier RAM. Lack of virological and serological evidence for continued circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in wild birds in the Netherlands, 14 November 2014 to 31 January 2016. Euro Surveill 2016; 21:30349. [PMID: 27684783 PMCID: PMC5073202 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.38.30349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014, H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage emerged in poultry and wild birds in Asia, Europe and North America. Here, wild birds were extensively investigated in the Netherlands for HPAI H5N8 virus (real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the matrix and H5 gene) and antibody detection (haemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralisation assays) before, during and after the first virus detection in Europe in late 2014. Between 21 February 2015 and 31 January 2016, 7,337 bird samples were tested for the virus. One HPAI H5N8 virus-infected Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) sampled on 25 February 2015 was detected. Serological assays were performed on 1,443 samples, including 149 collected between 2007 and 2013, 945 between 14 November 2014 and 13 May 2015, and 349 between 1 September and 31 December 2015. Antibodies specific for HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4 were absent in wild bird sera obtained before 2014 and present in sera collected during and after the HPAI H5N8 emergence in Europe, with antibody incidence declining after the 2014/15 winter. Our results indicate that the HPAI H5N8 virus has not continued to circulate extensively in wild bird populations since the 2014/15 winter and that independent maintenance of the virus in these populations appears unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein J Poen
- Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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29
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Hoye BJ, Munster VJ, Huig N, de Vries P, Oosterbeek K, Tijsen W, Klaassen M, Fouchier RAM, van Gils JA. Hampered performance of migratory swans: intra- and inter-seasonal effects of avian influenza virus. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:317-29. [PMID: 27252210 PMCID: PMC5007603 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which animal migrations shape parasite transmission networks is critically dependent on a migrant's ability to tolerate infection and migrate successfully. Yet, sub-lethal effects of parasites can be intensified through periods of increased physiological stress. Long-distance migrants may, therefore, be especially susceptible to negative effects of parasitic infection. Although a handful of studies have investigated the short-term, transmission-relevant behaviors of wild birds infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV), the ecological consequences of LPAIV for the hosts themselves remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed the potential effects of naturally-acquired LPAIV infections in Bewick's swans, a long-distance migratory species that experiences relatively low incidence of LPAIV infection during early winter. We monitored both foraging and movement behavior in the winter of infection, as well as subsequent breeding behavior and inter-annual resighting probability over 3 years. Incorporating data on infection history we hypothesized that any effects would be most apparent in naïve individuals experiencing their first LPAIV infection. Indeed, significant effects of infection were only seen in birds that were infected but lacked antibodies indicative of prior infection. Swans that were infected but had survived a previous infection were indistinguishable from uninfected birds in each of the ecological performance metrics. Despite showing reduced foraging rates, individuals in the naïve-infected category had similar accumulated body stores to re-infected and uninfected individuals prior to departure on spring migration, possibly as a result of having higher scaled mass at the time of infection. And yet individuals in the naïve-infected category were unlikely to be resighted 1 year after infection, with 6 out of 7 individuals that never resighted again compared to 20 out of 63 uninfected individuals and 5 out of 12 individuals in the re-infected category. Collectively, our findings indicate that acute and superficially harmless infection with LPAIV may have indirect effects on individual performance and recruitment in migratory Bewick's swans. Our results also highlight the potential for infection history to play an important role in shaping ecological constraints throughout the annual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Hoye
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Department of Virosciences, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Naomi Huig
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Vries
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Oosterbeek
- SOVON Texel, Dutch Center for Field Ornithology, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
| | - Wim Tijsen
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Virosciences, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A van Gils
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
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