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Li C, Zhang P, Hong PP, Niu GJ, Wang XP, Zhao XF, Wang JX. White spot syndrome virus hijacks host PP2A-FOXO axes to promote its propagation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128333. [PMID: 38007022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have developed superior strategies to escape host defenses or exploit host components and enable their infection. The forkhead box transcription factor O family proteins (FOXOs) are reportedly utilized by human cytomegalovirus during their reactivation in mammals, but if FOXOs are exploited by viruses during their infection remains unclear. In the present study, we found that the FOXO of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) was hijacked by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) during infection. Mechanistically, the expression of leucine carboxyl methyl transferase 1 (LCMT1) was up-regulated during the early stages of WSSV infection, which activated the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by methylation, leading to dephosphorylation of FOXO and translocation into the nucleus. The FOXO directly promoted transcription of the immediate early gene, wsv079 of WSSV, which functioned as a transcriptional activator to initiate the expression of viral early and late genes. Thus, WSSV utilized the host LCMT1-PP2A-FOXO axis to promote its replication during the early infection stage. We also found that, during the late stages of WSSV infection, the envelope protein of WSSV (VP26) promoted PP2A activity by directly binding to FOXO and the regulatory subunit of PP2A (B55), which further facilitated FOXO dephosphorylation and WSSV replication via the VP26-PP2A-FOXO axis in shrimp. Overall, this study reveals novel viral strategies by which WSSV hijacks host LCMT1-PP2A-FOXO or VP26-PP2A-FOXO axes to promote its propagation, and provides clinical targets for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Pan-Pan Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Guo-Juan Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Pei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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2
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Chen C, Liang CS, Wang T, Shen JL, Ling F, Jiang HF, Li PF, Wang GX. Antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of rhein against white spot syndrome virus infection in red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii). Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0104723. [PMID: 37855526 PMCID: PMC10714825 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01047-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Aquaculture is essential for ensuring global food security by providing a significant source of animal protein. However, the spread of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has resulted in considerable economic losses in crustacean industries. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of rhein, the primary bioactive component of Rheum palmatum L., against WSSV infection, and many pathological aspects of WSSV were also described for the first time. Our mechanistic studies indicated that rhein effectively arrested the replication of WSSV in crayfish by modulating innate immunity to inhibit viral gene transcription. Furthermore, we observed that rhein attenuated WSSV-induced oxidative and inflammatory stresses by regulating the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory-related genes while enhancing innate immunity by reducing total protein levels and increasing phosphatase activity. Our findings suggest that rhein holds great promise as a potent antiviral agent for the prevention and treatment of WSSV in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chang-Shuai Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing-Lei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Ke F, Zhang QY. Advances on genomes studies of large DNA viruses in aquaculture: A minireview. Genomics 2023; 115:110720. [PMID: 37757975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Genomic studies of viral diseases in aquaculture have received more and more attention with the growth of the aquaculture industry, especially the emerging and re-emerging viruses whose genome could contain recombination, mutation, insertion, and so on, and may lead to more severe diseases and more widespread infections in aquaculture animals. The present review is focused on aquaculture viruses, which is belonged to two clades, Varidnaviria and Duplodnaviria, and one class Naldaviricetes, and respectively three families: Iridoviridae (ranaviruses), Alloherpesviridae (fish herpesviruses), and Nimaviridae (whispoviruses). The viruses possessed DNA genomes nearly or larger than 100 kbp with gene numbers more than 100 and were considered large DNA viruses. Genome analysis and experimental investigation have identified several genes involved in genome replication, transcription, and virus-host interactions. In addition, some genes involved in virus genetic variation or specificity were also discussed. A summary of these advances would provide reference to future discovery and research on emerging or re-emerging aquaculture viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ke
- Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi-Ya Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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4
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Wu T, Sun B, Lu K, Zhang J, Zhang S, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Yao D. The MEF2 homolog of Penaeus vannamei is essential for maintaining the WSSV latent infection. Gene 2023; 883:147677. [PMID: 37524135 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a lethal shrimp pathogen that has a latent infection cycle. The latent virus can easily turn into an acute infection when the culture environment changes, leading to widespread shrimp mortality. However, the mechanism of WSSV latent infection is poorly understood. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the promoters of WSSV latency-related genes (i.e., wsv151, wsv366, wsv403, and wsv427) contained putative myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) binding sites. This suggested that the transcription factor MEF2 may be involved in WSSV latent infection. To further investigate this, a MEF2 homolog (PvMEF2) was cloned from Penaeus vannamei and its role in WSSV latent infection was explored. The results showed that knockdown of PvMEF2 led to an increase in the copy number of WSSV, indicating reactivation of WSSV from a latent infection. It was further demonstrated that suppression of PvMEF2 significantly decreased expression of the viral latency-related genes in WSSV-latent shrimp, while overexpression of PvMEF2 in Drosophila S2 cells activated the promoter activity of the viral latency-related gene. Additionally, we demonstrated that silencing of PvMEF2 was able to upregulate the expression of pro-apoptosis genes, thereby promoting cell apoptosis during latent infection. Collectively, the present data suggest that PvMEF2 could promote the expression of virus latency-related genes and enhance cell survival to maintain WSSV latent infection. This finding would contribute to a better understanding of the maintenance mechanism of WSSV latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingchu Wu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Kaiyu Lu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhongyang Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jinghua Zhu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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5
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Tran NT, Liang H, Li J, Deng T, Bakky MAH, Zhang M, Li S. Cellular responses in crustaceans under white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108984. [PMID: 37549875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity plays the most important system responsible for protecting crustaceans against invading pathogens. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is considered a serious pathogen in crustaceans with high cumulative mortality and morbidity in infected animals. Understanding the mechanism of the response of hosts to WSSV infection is necessary, which is useful for effective prevention in controlling infection. In this review, we summarize the participation of signaling pathways (toll, immune deficiency, JAK/STAT, endocytosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, cGAS-STING, Wingless/Integrated signal transduction, and prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascade) and the activity of cells (apoptosis, autophagy, as well as, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes) in the cellular-mediated immune response of crustaceans during WSSV infection. The information presented in this current review is important for a better understanding of the mechanism of the response of hosts to pathogens. Additionally, this provides a piece of basic knowledge for discovering approaches to strengthen the immune system and resistance of cultured animals against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Huifen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jinkun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Taoqiu Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Md Akibul Hasan Bakky
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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6
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Laohawutthichai P, Jatuyosporn T, Supungul P, Tassanakajon A, Krusong K. Effects of PmDOME and PmSTAT knockdown on white spot syndrome virus infection in Penaeus monodon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9852. [PMID: 37330617 PMCID: PMC10276838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway plays an important role in antiviral immunity. This research reports the full-length DOME receptor gene in Penaeus monodon (PmDOME) and examines the effects of PmDOME and PmSTAT silencing on immune-related gene expressions in shrimp hemocytes during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. PmDOME and PmSTAT were up-regulated in shrimp hemocytes upon WSSV infection. Suppression of PmDOME and PmSTAT showed significant impacts on the expression levels of ProPO2 (melanization), Vago5 (interferon-like protein) and several antimicrobial peptides, including ALFPm3, Penaeidin3, CrustinPm1 and CrustinPm7. Silencing of PmDOME and PmSTAT reduced WSSV copy numbers and delayed the cumulative mortality caused by WSSV. We postulated that suppression of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway may activate the proPO, IFN-like antiviral cytokine and AMP production, resulting in a delay of WSSV-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasunee Laohawutthichai
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thapanan Jatuyosporn
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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7
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Cao XT, Wu LJ, Xu FL, Li XC, Lan JF. PcTrim prevents early infection with white spot syndrome virus by inhibiting AP1-induced endocytosis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:104. [PMID: 37158899 PMCID: PMC10165819 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved various strategies to achieve early infection by initiating transcription of their own early genes via host transcription factors, such as NF-κb, STAT, and AP1. How the host copes with this immune escape has been a topic of interest. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins with RING-type domains have E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and are known as host restriction factors. Trim has been reported to be associated with phagocytosis and is also believed to be involved in the activation of autophagy. Preventing the virus from entering the host cell may be the most economical way for the host to resist virus infection. The role of TRIM in the early stage of virus infection in host cells remains to be further interpreted. In the current study, a crayfish TRIM with a RING-type domain, designated as PcTrim, was significantly upregulated under white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Recombinant PcTrim significantly inhibited WSSV replication in crayfish. RNAi targeting PcTrim or blocking PcTrim with an antibody promoted WSSV replication in crayfish. Pulldown and co-IP assays showed that PcTrim can interact with the virus protein VP26. PcTrim restricts the expression level of dynamin, which is involved in the regulation of phagocytosis, by inhibiting AP1 entry into the nucleus. AP1-RNAi effectively reduced the expression levels of dynamin and inhibited host cell endocytosis of WSSV in vivo. Our study demonstrated that PcTrim might reduce early WSSV infection by binding to VP26 and then inhibiting AP1 activation, resulting in reduced endocytosis of WSSV in crayfish hemocytes. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Lian-Jie Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Feng-Lin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Lan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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8
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Liu WJ, Chang YS, Tseng KC, Yu MH. Activity of bovine lactoferrin in resistance to white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104651. [PMID: 36736936 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a notorious pathogen that has plagued shrimp farming worldwide for decades. To date, there are no known treatments that are effective against this virus. Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein with many bioactivities, including antiviral properties. In this study, the activities and mechanisms of bovine LF (bLF) against WSSV were analyzed. Our results showed that bLF treatment significantly reduced shrimp mortalities caused by WSSV infection. bLF was found to have the ability to bind to surfaces of both host cells and WSSV virions. These bindings may have been a result of bLF interactions with the host cellular chitin binding protein and F1 ATP synthase β subunit protein and the WSSV structural proteins VP28, VP110, VP150 and VP160B. bLF demonstrated potential for development as an anti-WSSV agent in shrimp culture. Furthermore, these reactionary proteins may play a role in WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Jing Liu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Shiang Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Chun Tseng
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hua Yu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Wang C, Zhang H, Zhu J, Liu H, Yang Y, Sun B, Wu T, Zhang Y, Yao D. The transcription factor CEBP homolog of Penaeus vannamei contributes to WSSV replication. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108571. [PMID: 36736844 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cellular transcription factors are known to play important roles in virus infection. The present study cloned and characterized a transcription factor CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein homolog from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei (designates as PvCEBP), and explored its potential functions in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. PvCEBP has an open reading frame (ORF) of 864 bp encoding a putative protein of 287 amino acids, which contained a highly C-terminal conserved bZIP domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PvCEBP was evolutionarily clustered with invertebrate CEBPs and closely related to the CEBP of Homarus americanus. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that PvCEBP was expressed in all examined shrimp tissues, with transcript levels increased in shrimp hemocytes and gill upon WSSV challenge. Furthermore, knockdown of PvCEBP mediated by RNA interference significantly decreased the expression of WSSV genes and viral loads, while enhanced the shrimp survival rate under WSSV challenge. In silico prediction and reporter gene assays demonstrated that PvCEBP could activate the promoter activity of the viral immediate-early gene ie1. Collectively, our findings suggest that PvCEBP is annexed by WSSV to promote its propagation by enhancing the expression of viral immediate-early genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jinghua Zhu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Tingchu Wu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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10
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Robinson NA, Robledo D, Sveen L, Daniels RR, Krasnov A, Coates A, Jin YH, Barrett LT, Lillehammer M, Kettunen AH, Phillips BL, Dempster T, Doeschl‐Wilson A, Samsing F, Difford G, Salisbury S, Gjerde B, Haugen J, Burgerhout E, Dagnachew BS, Kurian D, Fast MD, Rye M, Salazar M, Bron JE, Monaghan SJ, Jacq C, Birkett M, Browman HI, Skiftesvik AB, Fields DM, Selander E, Bui S, Sonesson A, Skugor S, Østbye TK, Houston RD. Applying genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2023; 15:491-535. [PMID: 38504717 PMCID: PMC10946606 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Disease and parasitism cause major welfare, environmental and economic concerns for global aquaculture. In this review, we examine the status and potential of technologies that exploit genetic variation in host resistance to tackle this problem. We argue that there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved, leading to the development of tools that can be applied to boost host resistance and reduce the disease burden. We draw on two pressing global disease problems as case studies-sea lice infestations in salmonids and white spot syndrome in shrimp. We review how the latest genetic technologies can be capitalised upon to determine the mechanisms underlying inter- and intra-species variation in pathogen/parasite resistance, and how the derived knowledge could be applied to boost disease resistance using selective breeding, gene editing and/or with targeted feed treatments and vaccines. Gene editing brings novel opportunities, but also implementation and dissemination challenges, and necessitates new protocols to integrate the technology into aquaculture breeding programmes. There is also an ongoing need to minimise risks of disease agents evolving to overcome genetic improvements to host resistance, and insights from epidemiological and evolutionary models of pathogen infestation in wild and cultured host populations are explored. Ethical issues around the different approaches for achieving genetic resistance are discussed. Application of genetic technologies and approaches has potential to improve fundamental knowledge of mechanisms affecting genetic resistance and provide effective pathways for implementation that could lead to more resistant aquaculture stocks, transforming global aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Robinson
- Nofima ASTromsøNorway
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Rose Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Andrew Coates
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ye Hwa Jin
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Luke T. Barrett
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research StationMatredalNorway
| | | | | | - Ben L. Phillips
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tim Dempster
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrea Doeschl‐Wilson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Francisca Samsing
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of SydneyCamdenAustralia
| | | | - Sarah Salisbury
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Mark D. Fast
- Atlantic Veterinary CollegeThe University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPrince Edward IslandCanada
| | | | | | - James E. Bron
- Institute of AquacultureUniversity of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Sean J. Monaghan
- Institute of AquacultureUniversity of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Celeste Jacq
- Blue Analytics, Kong Christian Frederiks Plass 3BergenNorway
| | | | - Howard I. Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupTromsøNorway
| | - Anne Berit Skiftesvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupTromsøNorway
| | | | - Erik Selander
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Samantha Bui
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research StationMatredalNorway
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11
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Sun M, Liu M, Shan H, Li K, Wang P, Guo H, Zhao Y, Wang R, Tao Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Su X, Liu Y, Li C, Lin J, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Shen QT. Ring-stacked capsids of white spot syndrome virus and structural transitions with genome ejection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd2796. [PMID: 36812312 PMCID: PMC9946344 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the largest DNA viruses and the major pathogen responsible for white spot syndrome in crustaceans. The WSSV capsid is critical for genome encapsulation and ejection and exhibits the rod-shaped and oval-shaped structures during the viral life cycle. However, the detailed architecture of the capsid and the structural transition mechanism remain unclear. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we obtained a cryo-EM model of the rod-shaped WSSV capsid and were able to characterize its ring-stacked assembly mechanism. Furthermore, we identified an oval-shaped WSSV capsid from intact WSSV virions and analyzed the structural transition mechanism from the oval-shaped to rod-shaped capsids induced by high salinity. These transitions, which decrease internal capsid pressure, always accompany DNA release and mostly eliminate the infection of the host cells. Our results demonstrate an unusual assembly mechanism of the WSSV capsid and offer structural insights into the pressure-driven genome release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mingdong Liu
- School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hong Shan
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kang Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huarong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rui Wang
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoming Su
- High Performance Computing Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - James Lin
- High Performance Computing Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.-T.S.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Qing-Tao Shen
- School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.-T.S.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
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12
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Jatuyosporn T, Laohawutthichai P, Romo JPO, Gallardo-Becerra L, Lopez FS, Tassanakajon A, Ochoa-Leyva A, Krusong K. White spot syndrome virus impact on the expression of immune genes and gut microbiome of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:996. [PMID: 36653369 PMCID: PMC9849358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an essential role in the immune system of invertebrates and vertebrates. Pre and pro-biotics could enhance the shrimp immune system by increasing the phenoloxidase (PO), prophenoloxidase (ProPO), and superoxide dismutase activities. During viral infection, the host immune system alteration could influence the gut microbiome composition and probably lead to other pathogenic infections. Since the JAK/STAT pathway is involved in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, we investigated the intestine immune genes of STAT-silenced shrimp. During WSSV infection, expression levels of PmVago1, PmDoral, and PmSpätzle in PmSTAT-silenced shrimp were higher than normal. In addition, the transcription levels of antimicrobial peptides, including crustinPm1, crustinPm7, and PmPEN3, were higher in WSSV-challenged PmSTAT-silenced shrimp than the WSSV-infected normal shrimp. Meanwhile, PmSTAT silencing suppressed PmProPO1, PmProPO2, and PmPPAE1 expressions during WSSV infection. The microbiota from four shrimp tested groups (control group, WSSV-infected, PmSTAT-silenced, and PmSTAT-silenced infected by WSSV) was significantly different, with decreasing richness and diversity due to WSSV infection. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes was reduced in WSSV-challenged shrimp. However, at the species level, P. damselae, a pathogen to human and marine animals, significantly increased in WSSV-challenged shrimp. In constrast, Shewanella algae, a shrimp probiotic, was decreased in WSSV groups. In addition, the microbiota structure between control and PmSTAT-silenced shrimp was significantly different, suggesting the importance of STAT to maintain the homeostasis interaction with the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapanan Jatuyosporn
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pasunee Laohawutthichai
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Juan Pablo Ochoa Romo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luigui Gallardo-Becerra
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Filiberto Sánchez Lopez
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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13
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Yoon J, Gu WB, Konuma M, Kobayashi M, Yokoi H, Osada M, Nagasawa K. Gene delivery available in molluscan cells by strong promoter discovered from bivalve-infectious virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209910119. [PMID: 36322729 PMCID: PMC9661190 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209910119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding gene functions in marine invertebrates has been limited, largely due to the lack of suitable assay systems. Such a system requires investigative methods that are reproducible and can be quantitatively evaluated, such as a cell line, and a strong promoter that can drive high expression of a transgene. In this study, we established primary cell culture from a marine bivalve mollusc, Mizuhopecten yessoensis. Using scallop primary cells, we optimized electroporation conditions for transfection and carried out a luciferase-based promoter activity assay to identify strong promoter sequences that can drive expression of a gene of interest. We evaluated potential promoter sequences from genes of endogenous and exogenous origin and discovered a strong viral promoter derived from a bivalve-infectious virus, ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1). This promoter, we termed OsHV-1 promoter, showed 24.7-fold and 16.1-fold higher activity than the cytomegalovirus immediate early (CMV IE) promoter and the endogenous EF1α promoter, the two most commonly used promoters in bivalves so far. Our GFP assays showed that the OsHV-1 promoter is active not only in scallop cells but also in HEK293 cells and zebrafish embryos. The OsHV-1 promoter practically enables functional analysis of marine molluscan genes, which can contribute to unveiling gene-regulatory networks underlying astonishing regeneration, adaptation, reproduction, and aging in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoong Yoon
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Wen-Bin Gu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mizuki Konuma
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hayato Yokoi
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Makoto Osada
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kazue Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
- To whom correspondence may be addressed.
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14
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Chen C, Liu J, Li B, Wang T, Wang E, Wang G. Isoferulic acid affords the antiviral potential and restrains white spot syndrome virus proliferation in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Ren J, Lin W, Shi H, Jian Y, Ruan L. Identification of a Yorkie homolog from Litopenaeus vannamei as a negative regulator in anti-WSSV immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:61-71. [PMID: 36041626 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hippo signaling pathway is a serine threonine kinase cascade that is evolutionary conserved with well-established roles in organ size control, development, tumorigenesis and immunity. As its core molecule, Yorkie also plays an important role against pathogen. In this study, we cloned and characterized a Yorkie homolog from Litopenaeus vannamei, designed as LvYKI, which has a 1650 bp open reading frame. It has the characterized domains of Yokie family, and displayed to be close to the insects and crustacean. Quantitative Real-time PCR showed that LvYKI had different regulatory mechanisms in different tissues. The transcriptional level of Lvyki was down-regulated in gill, while up-regulated in hepatopancreas post white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Moreover, the expression and phosphorylation of LvYKI was reduced upon WSSV infection, which indicated that LvYKI was involved in WSSV infection. Furthermore, RNAi was performed to evaluate the role of LvYKI in shrimp immune responses. Knocking down of Lvyki resulted in inhibition of the transcription of WSSV gene ie1 and vp28, and delayed mortality of shrimp post WSSV infection. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of hemocyte was increased as well. All results suggested that shrimp can promote apoptosis to resist WSSV infection mediated by down-regulation of LvYKI. In addition, it was found that LvYKI could interact with Lvβ-catenin, which cross-linked the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathway in innate immunity. Conclusively, our study provided clues that LvYKI plays an important role in the interaction between shrimp and virus. It will promote our understanding of the molecular mechanism in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Wenyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yiwen Jian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Lingwei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, PR China.
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16
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Wang C, Guo X, Li Y, Zhang J, Fu Y. miR-34-5p, encoded by Spodoptera frugiperda, participates in anti-baculovirus by regulating innate immunity in the insect host. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2190-2199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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First Discovery of Beta-Sitosterol as a Novel Antiviral Agent against White Spot Syndrome Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810448. [PMID: 36142360 PMCID: PMC9499679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of white spot syndrome (WSS) is a looming challenge, due to dramatic losses to the crustacean aquaculture industry. However, at present, there are no prophylactic or therapeutic means to control this infectious viral disease. Here, we screened fifteen medicinal plants for their inhibitory activity on the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), using red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) as a model species. The results showed that the crude extracts of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. had the highest inhibitory effect (91.59%, 100 mg/kg) on WSSV proliferation, and its main component, beta-sitosterol, showed a much higher activity (95.79%, 50 mg/kg). Further, beta-sitosterol potently reduced (p < 0.01) viral loads and viral gene transcription levels in a concentration-dependent fashion, and significantly promoted the survival rate of WSSV-challenged crayfish (57.14%, 50 mg/kg). The co-incubation assay indicated that beta-sitosterol did not influence the infectivity of WSSV particles. Both pre- and post-treatment of beta-sitosterol exerted a significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.01) on the viral load in vivo. Mechanistically, beta-sitosterol not only interfered with the expression of viral genes (immediate early gene 1, ie1; DNA polymerase, DNApol) that are important in initiating WSSV transcription, but it also attenuated the hijacking of innate immune signaling pathways (Toll, IMD, and JAK/STAT pathways) by viral genes to block WSSV replication. Moreover, the expression of several antiviral immune, antioxidant, pro-inflammatory, and apoptosis-related genes changed significantly in beta-sitosterol-treated crayfish. Beta-sitosterol is a potent WSSV inhibitor and has the potential to be developed as an effective anti-WSSV agent against a WSS outbreak in crustacean aquaculture.
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Yang L, Wang ZA, Geng R, Niu S, Zuo H, Weng S, He J, Xu X. A kelch motif-containing protein KLHDC2 regulates immune responses against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in Penaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:187-194. [PMID: 35716970 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The kelch motif-containing proteins are widely present in organisms and known to be involved in various biological processes, but their roles in immunity remain unclear. In this study, a kelch motif-containing protein KLHDC2 was identified from Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei and its immune function was investigated. The klhdc2 gene was widely expressed in shrimp tissues and its protein product was mainly present in the nucleus. Expression of klhdc2 was regulated by shrimp NF-κB family members Dorsal and Relish, and changed after immune stimulation. KLHDC2 could enhance the immune defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimp but inhibit that against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Further analyses showed that KLHDC2 did not affect the phagocytosis of hemocytes but regulated the expression of a series of immune effector genes. KLHDC2 has a complex regulatory relationship with Dorsal and Relish, which may partly contribute to its positive role in antibacterial response by regulating humoral immunity. Moreover, the regulatory effect of KLHDC2 on WSSV ie1 gene contributed to its negative effect on antiviral response. Therefore, the current study enrichs the knowledge on the Kelch family and helps to learn more about the regulatory mechanism of shrimp immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-Ang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ran Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shengwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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19
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That WSSV IE1 Protein Plays a Crucial Role in DNA Replication Control. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158176. [PMID: 35897756 PMCID: PMC9330391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For DNA viruses, the immediate-early (IE) proteins are generally essential regulators that manipulate the host machinery to support viral replication. Recently, IE1, an IE protein encoded by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), has been demonstrated to function as a transcription factor. However, the target genes of IE1 during viral infection remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the host target genes of IE1 using RNAi coupled with transcriptome sequencing analysis. A total of 429 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from penaeid shrimp, of which 284 genes were upregulated and 145 genes were downregulated after IE1 knockdown. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the identified DEGs are significantly enriched in the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex and DNA replication, indicating that IE1 plays a critical role in DNA replication control. In addition, it was found that Penaeus vannamei MCM complex genes were remarkably upregulated after WSSV infection, while RNAi-mediated knockdown of PvMCM2 reduced the expression of viral genes and viral loads at the early infection stage. Finally, we demonstrated that overexpression of IE1 promoted the expression of MCM complex genes as well as cellular DNA synthesis in insect High-Five cells. Collectively, our current data suggest that the WSSV IE1 protein is a viral effector that modulates the host DNA replication machinery for viral replication.
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Huang AG, He WH, Zhang FL, Wei CS, Wang YH. Natural component geniposide enhances survival rate of crayfish Procambarus clarkii infected with white spot syndrome virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:96-103. [PMID: 35613670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
White Spot Disease (WSD), caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is an acute and highly lethal viral disease of shrimp. Currently, there are no commercially available drugs to control WSD. It is urgent and necessary to find anti-WSSV drugs. Natural compounds are an important source of antiviral drug discovery. In this study, the anti-WSSV activity of natural compound geniposide (GP) was investigated in crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Results showed that GP had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on WSSV replication in crayfish at 24 h, and highest inhibition was more than 98%. In addition, GP significantly inhibited the expression of WSSV immediate-early gene ie1, early gene DNApol, late gene VP28. The mortality of WSSV-infected crayfish in control groups was 100%, while it reduced by 70.0% when treated with 50 mg/kg GP. Co-incubation, pre-treatment and post-treatment experiments showed that GP could prevent and treat WSSV infection in crayfish by significantly inhibiting WSSV multiplication. Mechanistically, the syntheses of WSSV structural proteins VP19, VP24, VP26 and VP28 were significantly inhibited by GP in S2 cells. Furthermore, GP could also suppress WSSV replication by blocking the expression of antiviral immunity-related factor STAT to reduce ie1 transcription. Moreover, GP possessed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity in crayfish. Overall, GP has the potential to be developed as a preventive or therapeutic agent against WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Guo Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wei-Hao He
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Fa-Li Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chao-Shuai Wei
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Tran NT, Liang H, Zhang M, Bakky MAH, Zhang Y, Li S. Role of Cellular Receptors in the Innate Immune System of Crustaceans in Response to White Spot Syndrome Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040743. [PMID: 35458473 PMCID: PMC9028835 DOI: 10.3390/v14040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the only defense system for resistance against infections in crustaceans. In crustaceans, white spot diseases caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are a serious viral disease with high accumulative mortality after infection. Attachment and entry into cells have been known to be two initial and important steps in viral infection. However, systematic information about the mechanisms related to WSSV infection in crustaceans is still limited. Previous studies have reported that cellular receptors are important in the innate immune system and are responsible for the recognition of foreign microorganisms and in the stimulation of the immune responses during infections. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the functions of cellular receptors, including Toll, C-type lectin, scavenger receptor, β-integrin, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, laminin receptor, globular C1q receptor, lipopolysaccharide-and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein, chitin-binding protein, Ras-associated binding, and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule in the innate immune defense of crustaceans, especially shrimp and crabs, in response to WSSV infection. The results of this study provide information on the interaction between viruses and hosts during infections, which is important in the development of preventative strategies and antiviral targets in cultured aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huifen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Md. Akibul Hasan Bakky
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-754-86502485; Fax: +86-754-86503473
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22
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Liu Y, Xing K, Yan C, Zhou Y, Xu X, Sun Y, Zhang J. Transcriptome analysis of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis challenged by Vibrio parahemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:31-38. [PMID: 34628047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a common aquatic pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause a variety of diseases of shrimp, especially acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), which leads to great losses to the aquaculture industry around the world. However, the molecular mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus infection is still unclear. Neocaridina denticulate sinensis is a kind of small ornamental shrimp that is popular in aquarium trade, and due to its tenacious vitality, rapid growth, high reproductive capacity, it is very suitable to be developed as an animal model for basic research on decapod crustaceans. Thus, in this paper, transcriptomes of N. denticulate sinensis hepatopancreas with or without V. parahaemolyticus injection were explored. The results showed that a total of 23,624 genes with the N50 of 2705 bp were obtained. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed 21,464 differentially expressed genes between the V. parahaemolyticus infected and non-infected group, of which, 11,127 genes were up-regulated and 10,337 genes were down-regulated. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that many DEGs enriched in immune related pathways, including MAPK signaling pathway, Phosphatidylinositol signaling system, Chemokine signaling pathway, Phagosome and Jak-STAT signaling pathway and so on. Eight genes were selected randomly for qRT-PCR to verify the transcriptome sequencing results and the results showed the expression of these genes were consistent with the transcriptome results. Our work provides a unique and important dataset that contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the immune response to V. parahaemolyticus infection and may further provide the basis for the prevention and resolution of bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Kefan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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23
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Impact of Molecular Modification on the Efficiency of Recombinant Baculovirus Vector Invasion to Mammalian Cells and Its Immunogenicity in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010140. [PMID: 35062344 PMCID: PMC8779059 DOI: 10.3390/v14010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus display system (BDS), an excellent eukaryotic surface display technology that offers the advantages of safety, efficiency, and economy, is widely used in biomedicine. A previous study using rBacmid-Δgp64-ires-gp64 expressed in low copy numbers of the gp64 gene achieved high-efficiency expression and co-display of three fluorescent proteins (GFP, YFP, and mCherry). However, low expression of GP64 in recombinant baculoviruses also reduces the efficiency of recombinant baculovirus transduction into mammalian cells. In addition, the baculovirus promoter has no expression activity in mammalian cells and thus cannot meet the application requirements of baculoviral vectors for the BDS. Based on previous research, this study first determined the expression activity of promoters in insect Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells and mammalian cells and successfully screened the very early promoter pie1 to mediate the co-expression of multiple genes. Second, utilizing the envelope display effect of the INVASIN and VSVG proteins, the efficiency of transduction of recombinant baculovirus particles into non-host cells was significantly improved. Finally, based on the above improvement, a recombinant baculovirus vector displaying four antigen proteins with high efficiency was constructed. Compared with traditional BDSs, the rBacmid-Δgp64 system exhibited increased display efficiency of the target protein by approximately 3-fold and induced an approximately 4-fold increase in the titer of serum antibodies to target antigens in Bal B/c mice. This study systematically explored the application of a new multi-gene co-display technology applicable to multi-vaccine research, and the results provide a foundation for the development of novel BDS technologies.
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Chen C, Shen JL, Wang T, Yang B, Liang CS, Jiang HF, Wang GX. Ophiopogon japonicus inhibits white spot syndrome virus proliferation in vivo and enhances immune response in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:432-441. [PMID: 34688864 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a fatal pathogen threatening global crustacean industry with no commercially available drugs to control. Herbal medicines have been widely used to treat a number of viral infections, which could offer a rich reserve for antiviral drug discovery. Here, we evaluated the inhibition activities of 30 herbal medicines against WSSV in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. A WSSV infection model in E. sinensis was firstly established in order to determine the antiviral effects of the plant extracts and to explore the potential action mechanisms. Results showed that the highest anti-WSSV activity was obtained by the treatment of Ophiopogon japonicus extract (93.03%, 100 mg/kg). O. japonicus treatment decreased viral loads in a dose-dependent manner and significantly improved the survival of WSSV-challenged crabs. O. japonicus reduced the expression of vital genes in viral life cycle in vivo, particularly for the immediate-early stage gene ie1. Further results indicated that O. japonicus could repress the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to block ie1 transcription. Moreover, O. japonicus could modulate certain immune genes such as the myosin, toll-like receptor, crustin, and prophenoloxidase in the interactions between WSSV and crabs. The up-regulated expression of pro-autophagic factors (Gabarap and Atg7) and elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH) suggested that O. japonicus may induce autophagy and attenuate WSSV-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, O. japonicus could inhibit WSSV proliferation and improve the survival of WSSV-challenged crabs. Thus, O. japonicus may have the potential to be developed as a preventive or therapeutic agent against WSSV, and its effective compounds merit further isolation and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jing-Lei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chang-Shuai Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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25
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Sun ZC, Chen C, Xu FF, Li BK, Shen JL, Wang T, Jiang HF, Wang GX. Evaluation of the antiviral activity of naringenin, a major constituent of Typha angustifolia, against white spot syndrome virus in crayfish Procambarus clarkii. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1503-1513. [PMID: 34227114 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a serious pathogen threatening global crustacean aquaculture with no commercially available drugs. Herbal medicines widely used in antiviral research offer a rich reserve for drug discovery. Here, we investigated the inhibitory activity of 13 herbal medicines against WSSV in crayfish Procambarus clarkii and discovered that naringenin (NAR) has potent anti-WSSV activity. In the preliminary screening, the extracts of Typha angustifolia displayed the highest inhibitory activity on WSSV replication (84.62%, 100 mg/kg). Further, NAR, the main active compound of T. angustifolia, showed a much higher inhibition rate (92.85%, 50 mg/kg). NAR repressed WSSV proliferation followed a dose-dependent manner and significantly improved the survival of WSSV-challenged crayfish. Moreover, pre- or post-treatment of NAR displayed a comparable inhibition on the viral loads. NAR decreased the transcriptional levels of vital genes in viral life cycle, particularly for the immediately early-stage gene ie1. Further results showed that NAR could decrease the STAT gene expression to block ie1 transcription. Besides, NAR modulated immune-related gene Hsp70, antioxidant (cMnSOD, mMnSOD, CAT, GST), anti-inflammatory (COX-1, COX-2) and pro-apoptosis-related factors (Bax and BI-1) to inhibit WSSV replication. Overall, these results suggest that NAR may have the potential to be developed as preventive or therapeutic agent against WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fei-Fan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bing-Ke Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing-Lei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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26
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Liang CS, Chen C, Lin ZY, Shen JL, Wang T, Jiang HF, Wang GX. Acyclovir inhibits white spot syndrome virus replication in crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Virus Res 2021; 305:198570. [PMID: 34555435 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a fatal pathogen threatening global crustacean industry with no commercially available drugs to control WSSV. To address the urgent need for finding effective antiviral agents against WSSV, we examined the anti-WSSV activities of 11 common antiviral agents in crayfish Procambarus clarkia. The results showed that acyclovir displayed the highest inhibition on WSSV replication in vivo (92.59%, 50 mg/kg). Acyclovir repressed WSSV proliferation followed a dose-dependent fashion and pre- or post-treatment of acyclovir exerted strong inhibition on the viral loads. Further, we observed a markedly reduced expression levels of WSSV genes (immediate-early IE gene ie1, DNA polymerase gene DNApol and envelope protein gene Vp28) that are crucial in viral life cycle with the acyclovir treatment during the early infection. Meantime, we also found a significantly increased expressions of anti-oxidative as well as apoptosis related genes, suggesting that acyclovir could effectively suppress WSSV replication in vivo. Finally, acyclovir treatment could significantly improve the survival rate of WSSV-challenged crayfish by 56%. Taken together, acyclovir has the potential to be developed as a promising preventive or therapeutic agent against WSSV infection, and this finding may provide a reference for rapid discovery anti-WSSV agent in crustacean aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shuai Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing-Lei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Wang C, Ruan L, Shi H, Lin W, Liu L, Li S. Phosphorylation of Shrimp Tcf by a Viral Protein Kinase WSV083 Suppresses Its Antiviral Effect. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698697. [PMID: 34408747 PMCID: PMC8365339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear DNA-binding TCF proteins, which act as the main downstream effectors of Wnt signaling, are essential for the regulation of cell fate and innate immunity. However, their role during viral infection in shrimp remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that Litopenaeus vannamei TCF (LvTcf) acts independently of Lvβ-catenin to promote interferon-like protein LvVago1 production, thus mounting the response to WSSV infection. Further, we observed that WSV083, a WSSV serine/threonine protein kinase, bound to LvTcf and phosphorylated it. Phosphorylated LvTcf was then recognized and degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, mass spectrometry analyses indicated that the T39 and T104 residues of LvTcf were target sites phosphorylated by WSV083. Point mutation analyses suggested that additional sites of LvTcf may undergo phosphorylation via WSV083. Taken together, the current work provides valuable insights into host immunity and viral pathogenesis. LvTcf is not only a modulator of shrimp innate immunity but is also an important target for WSSV immune evasion. Thus, the current findings will help improve disease control in shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China.,School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingwei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China.,School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Sujie Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
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28
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Havanapan PO, Taengchaiyaphum S, Paemanee A, Phungthanom N, Roytrakul S, Sritunyalucksana K, Krittanai C. Caspase-3, a shrimp phosphorylated hemocytic protein is necessary to control YHV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:36-48. [PMID: 33864947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By using immunohistochemistry detection, yellow head virus (YHV) was found to replicate in granule-containing hemocytes including semi-granular hemocytes (SGC) and granular hemocytes (GC) during the early phase (24 h post injection) of YHV-infected shrimp. Higher signal of YHV infection was found in GC more than in SGC. Comparative phosphoproteomic profiles between YHV-infected and non-infected GC reveal a number of phosphoproteins with different expression levels. The phosphoprotein spot with later on identified as caspase-3 in YHV-infected GC is most interesting. Blocking caspase-3 function using a specific inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CMK) demonstrated high replication of YHV and consequently, high shrimp mortality. The immunohistochemistry results confirmed the high viral load in shrimp that caspase-3 activity was blocked. Caspase-3 is regulated through a variety of posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation. Analysis of phosphorylation sites of shrimp caspase-3 revealed phosphorylation sites at serine residue. Taken together, caspase-3 is a hemocytic protein isolated from shrimp granular hemocytes with a role in anti-YHV response and regulated through the phosphorylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattara-Orn Havanapan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phutthamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suparat Taengchaiyaphum
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nuanwan Phungthanom
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phutthamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chartchai Krittanai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phutthamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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29
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Liu LK, Liu MJ, Li DL, Liu HP. Recent insights into anti-WSSV immunity in crayfish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103947. [PMID: 33253753 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is currently the most severely viral pathogen for farmed crustaceans such as shrimp and crayfish, which has been causing huge economic losses for crustaceans farming worldwide every year. Unfortunately, study on the molecular mechanisms of WSSV has been restricted by the lack of crustacean cell lines for WSSV propagation as well as the incompletely annotated genomes for host species, resulting in limited elucidation for WSSV pathogenesis at present. In addition to the findings of anti-WSSV response in shrimp, some of novel cellular events involved in WSSV infection have been recently revealed in crayfish, including endocytosis and intracellular transport of WSSV, innate immune pathways in response to WSSV infection, and regulation of viral gene expression by host genes. Despite these advances, many fundamental gaps in WSSV pathogenesis are still remaining, for example, how WSSV genome enters into nucleus and how the progeny virions are fully assembled in the host cell nucleus. In this review, recent findings in WSSV infection mechanism and the antiviral immunity against WSSV in crayfish are summarized and discussed, which may provide us a better understanding of the WSSV pathogenesis as well as new ideas for the target design of antiviral drugs against WSSV in crustaceans farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ke Liu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Man-Jun Liu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Dong-Li Li
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China.
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30
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He N, Zhang Y, Duan XL, Li JH, Huang WF, Evans JD, DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Chen YP, Huang SK. RNA Interference-Mediated Knockdown of Genes Encoding Spore Wall Proteins Confers Protection against Nosema ceranae Infection in the European Honey Bee, Apis mellifera. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030505. [PMID: 33673613 PMCID: PMC7997338 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema ceranae (Opisthosporidia: Microsporidia) is an emergent intracellular parasite of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) and causes serious Nosema disease which has been associated with worldwide honey bee colony losses. The only registered treatment for Nosema disease is fumagillin-b, and this has raised concerns about resistance and off-target effects. Fumagillin-B is banned from use in honey bee colonies in many countries, particularly in Europe. As a result, there is an urgent need for new and effective therapeutic options to treat Nosema disease in honey bees. An RNA interference (RNAi)-based approach can be a potent strategy for controlling diseases in honey bees. We explored the therapeutic potential of silencing the sequences of two N. ceranae encoded spore wall protein (SWP) genes by means of the RNAi-based methodology. Our study revealed that the oral ingestion of dsRNAs corresponding to SWP8 and SWP12 used separately or in combination could lead to a significant reduction in spore load, improve immunity, and extend the lifespan of N. ceranae-infected bees. The results from the work completed here enhance our understanding of honey bee host responses to microsporidia infection and highlight that RNAi-based therapeutics are a promising treatment for honey bee diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guanzhou 510260, China
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Xin Le Duan
- College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiang Hong Li
- College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei-Fone Huang
- College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jay D Evans
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | | | - Yan Ping Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Shao Kang Huang
- College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Qiu W, Geng R, Zuo H, Weng S, He J, Xu X. Toll receptor 2 (Toll2) positively regulates antibacterial immunity but promotes white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:103878. [PMID: 33007335 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Toll family of receptors are a group of conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) essentially controlling the initiation of innate immune responses. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are major pathogens of aquaculture shrimp. Previous study has suggested that expression of the Toll2 receptor in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei was up-regulated by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection but did not significantly changed upon infection with the bacterial pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The current study intends to investigate the role of P. vannamei Toll2 in antibacterial and antiviral immunity. We demonstrated that compared with the control, the Toll2-silenced shrimp was more susceptible to V. parahaemolyticus infection, suggesting that Toll2 may play a positive role in antibacterial immunity. However, silencing of Toll2 significantly enhanced survivorship of shrimp infected with WSSV and reduced the viral load in shrimp tissues. The expression of WSSV structural protein VP28 was also inhibited in Toll2-silenced shrimp. Histologic pathology analysis further showed that the WSSV infection was attenuated in stomach tissues from Toll2-silenced shrimp. These suggested that Toll2 could promote WSSV infection in shrimp. In Toll2-silenced shrimp, expression of antimicrobial peptides ALFs and PENs was significantly changed, which may contribute to the role of Toll2 in antibacterial immunity and WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Ran Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Lei C, Zhu Z. A low-background Tet-On system based on post-transcriptional regulation using Csy4. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244732. [PMID: 33378396 PMCID: PMC7773235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
On account of its stringent regulation and high rate of induction, the tetracycline regulatory system is used extensively for inducing target gene expression in eukaryotes. However, under certain circumstances, its associated background expression can be problematic, as in the expression of highly toxic proteins. We found that when using the Tet-On 3G system to drive expression of the kid toxin gene in sf9 insect cells, a higher percentage of cells were killed than when using an empty vector in the absence of the induction agent doxycycline, thereby indicating the leaky expression of this inducible expression system. Moreover, we found that the tetracycline-controlled transcriptional silencer (tTS) does not effectively reduce the background expression of the Tet-On 3G system in sf9 cells. However, Csy4, a Cas9 homologous protein in the CRISPR family with sequence-specific endonuclease activity, was found to be effective in reducing the Tet-On 3G system-associated background expression, although there was a concomitant reduction in the maximum induced expression. Nevertheless, we found that modification of the system via incorporation of TRE-controlled anti-sense csy4 in combination with a WSSVie1 (Δ23) promotor-driven sense csy4 significantly reduced the leaky expression of the Tet-On 3G system, and that the level of induction was higher than that initially obtained. This optimized Tet-On 3G system can significantly reduce cell death attributed to the background expression of Kid under uninduced conditions. Therefore, we developed a novel low-background inducible expression system for use in insect cells and potentially in other organisms including mammals based on post-transcriptional regulation using Csy4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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Niu S, Yang L, Geng R, Zuo H, Guo Z, Weng S, He J, Xu X. A double chitin catalytic domain-containing chitinase targeted by c-Jun is involved in immune responses in shrimp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103808. [PMID: 32738335 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chitinases are a group of chitin-degrading enzymes widely distributed in organisms. Chitinases containing two chitin catalytic domains have been widely found in arthropods but their functions remain unclear. In this study, a member of these chitinases from Litopenaeus vannamei (dChi) was identified and functionally studied in the context of immunity. The promoter of dChi contained activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding sites and could be regulated by c-Jun. The recombinant dChi protein showed no bacteriostatic activity in vitro but knockdown of dChi in vivo increased the mortality of shrimp and the bacterial load in tissues after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, suggesting that dChi could play a positive role in antibacterial responses. However, silencing of dChi expression significantly decreased the mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp and down-regulated the viral load in tissues, indicating that dChi could facilitate WSSV infection. We further demonstrated that dChi was involved in regulation of the bacterial phagocytosis of hemocytes and expression of a series of immune related transcription factors and antimicrobial peptides. These indicated that the roles of dChi in antibacterial responses and anti-WSSV responses in vivo could result from its regulatory effects on the immune system. Taken together, the current study suggests that double chitin catalytic domain-containing chitinases could be important players in immune regulation in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Ran Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zhixun Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (CAFS), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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Kao ZN, Liu CH, Liu WJ, Kumar R, Leu JH, Wang HC. Shrimp SIRT1 activates of the WSSV IE1 promoter independently of the NF-κB binding site. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:910-919. [PMID: 32841684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the mechanisms by which cellular factors modulate replication of the shrimp viral pathogen white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are still largely unknown, here we consider the sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that are known to function as regulatory factors that activate or suppress viral transcription and replication in mammals. In particular, we focus on SIRT1 by isolating and characterizing LvSIRT1 from white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and investigating its involvement in WSSV infection. DsRNA-mediated gene silencing led to the expression of WSSV genes and the replication of genomic DNAs being significantly decreased in LvSIRT1-silenced shrimp. The deacetylase activity of LvSIRT1 was significantly induced at the early stage (2 hpi) and the genome replication stage (12 hpi) of WSSV replication, but decreased at the late stage of WSSV replication (24 hpi). Treatment with the SIRT1 activator resveratrol further suggested that LvSIRT1 activation increased the expression of several WSSV genes (IE1, VP28 and ICP11). Lastly, we used transfection and dual luciferase assays in Sf9 insect cells to show that while the overexpression of LvSIRT1 facilitates the promoter activity of WSSV IE1, this enhancement of WSSV IE1 expression is achieved by a transactivation pathway that is NF-κB-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Kao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Jing Liu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Horng Leu
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Liu LK, Chen XX, Gao RL, Wang KJ, Zheng WY, Liu HP. A cytokine receptor domeless promotes white spot syndrome virus infection via JAK/STAT signaling pathway in red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103749. [PMID: 32505616 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is pivotal in immune responses for a variety of pathogens in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Domeless (Dome), as a unique cytokine receptor, involves in the upstream JAK/STAT pathway in invertebrates. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of a cytokine receptor Dome was identified from red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (named as CqDome), which contained an open reading frame of 4251 bp, encoding 1416 amino acids. The CqDome contained extracellular conservative domains of a signal peptide, two cytokine binding modules (CBM), three fibronectin-type-III-like (FN3) domains and a transmembrane region. Tissue distribution analysis showed that CqDome generally expressed in all the tissues selected with a high expression in hemocyte. The gene expression of both the viral immediately early gene (IE1) and a late gene envelope protein VP28 of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were significantly decreased after gene silencing of CqDome in crayfish haematopoietic tissue (Hpt) cells, indicating a key role of CqDome in promoting WSSV infection. Furthermore, the phosphorylation level of CqSTAT was significantly inhibited by gene silencing of CqDome in Hpt cells, indicating that CqDome participated in signal transduction of JAK/STAT pathway in red claw crayfish. These data together suggest that CqDome is likely to promote WSSV infection via JAK/STAT pathway, which sheds new light on further elucidation of the pathogenesis of WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Rui-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wen-Yun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China.
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Huang Y, Ren Q. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of three STAT isoforms in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103670. [PMID: 32156508 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is associated with the innate immune system and plays crucial roles in the mediation of immune response to viral infections. In this study, three STAT isoform cDNAs were cloned from the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and they were designated as PcSTATa, PcSTATb, and PcSTATc. PcSTATa and PcSTATb were generated through the alternative splicing of the last exon, and PcSTATc was produced by intron retention. PcSTATa, PcSTATb, and PcSTATc contained 2382, 2337, and 2274 bp open reading frames encoding proteins with 793, 778, and 757 amino acid residues, respectively. Domain prediction analysis revealed that three isoforms of PcSTATs contain a STAT interaction domain, a STAT all-alpha domain, a STAT DNA binding domain, and a Src-homology 2 domain. The mRNA transcripts of three PcSTAT isoforms were detected in all examined tissues of male and female crayfish. The expression levels of the three PcSTAT isoforms in the hemocytes, gills, and intestines significantly changed after the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge. PcSTAT silencing by dsRNA interference could positively regulate the expression levels of three anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (PcALF1, PcALF2, and PcALF6) and two crustins (PcCrus1 and PcCrus2) and negatively regulate the expression levels of three ALFs (PcALF3, PcALF4, and PcALF5) and two crustins (PcCrus3 and PcCrus4). These results suggest that all three PcSTAT isoforms are involved in the host defense against WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China; Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Jiangsu Shuixian Industrial Company Limited, 40 Tonghu Road, Baoying, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225800, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Huang JY, Wang HC, Chen YC, Wang PS, Lin SJ, Chang YS, Liu KF, Lo CF. A shrimp glycosylase protein, PmENGase, interacts with WSSV envelope protein VP41B and is involved in WSSV pathogenesis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103667. [PMID: 32147468 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Viral glycoproteins are expressed by many viruses, and during infection they usually play very important roles, such as receptor attachment or membrane fusion. The mature virion of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is unusual in that it contains no glycosylated proteins, and there are currently no reports of any glycosylation mechanisms in the pathogenesis of this virus. In this study, we cloned a glycosylase, mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase, EC 3.2.1.96), from Penaeus monodon and found that it was significantly up-regulated in WSSV-infected shrimp. A yeast two-hybrid assay showed that PmENGase interacted with both structural and non-structural proteins, and GST-pull down and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays confirmed its interaction with the envelope protein VP41B. In the WSSV challenge tests, the cumulative mortality and viral copy number were significantly decreased in the PmEngase-silenced shrimp, from which we conclude that shrimp glycosylase interacts with WSSV in a way that benefits the virus. Lastly, we speculate that the deglycosylation activity of PmENGase might account for the absence of glycosylated proteins in the WSSV virion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yan Huang
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ching Wang
- Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chen
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sue Wang
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Jen Lin
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shiang Chang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Liu
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fang Lo
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Gao Y, Liu LK, Wang KJ, Liu HP. A negative elongation factor E inhibits white spot syndrome virus replication by suppressing promoter activity of the viral immediate early genes in red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:103665. [PMID: 32147597 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates rely solely on the innate immune system to protect against virus infection, while the viral infection must rely on the transcriptional system of the host cell to achieve the expression of viral genes, which is naturally regulated by the host's transcriptional system. However, the mechanism of the host against viral transcription in host cells is still poorly understood in crustaceans. Previously, we found that the partial transcript sequence of a negative elongation factor E (named as CqNELF-E) was up-regulated in a differentially expressed transcriptome library of the haematopietic tissue (Hpt) cells from red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus upon white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, suggesting a possible role of CqNELF-E in WSSV-host interaction. In the present study, we revealed the function of CqNELF-E. The full-length cDNA sequence of CqNELF-E was identified with 1726 bp from red claw crayfish, which contained an open reading frame of 816 bp, encoding 271 amino acids. Amino acid sequencing analysis revealed that the CqNELF-E had a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM) and a leucine zipper motif (LZM). Tissue distribution analysis showed that CqNELF-E was widely expressed in various tissues with the highest expression in muscle, relatively abundant in Hpt and the lowest presence in heart. Interestingly, the gene expression of CqNELF-E was significantly up-regulated at both 6 and 12 hpi after WSSV infection in Hpt cell cultures in red claw crayfish. In addition, the expression of both the viral immediately early gene (IE) 1 (IE1) and a late gene envelope protein VP28 were significantly increased after gene silencing of CqNELF-E in Hpt cells, indicating the potential suppression role of CqNELF-E against the viral infection. Further study revealed that the CqNELF-E had an inhibitory effect on the promoter activity of WSSV IE genes WSV051, WSV069 (IE1) and WSV083 by a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Taken together, these results suggest that CqNELF-E plays an antiviral role, probably via inhibition on the viral transcription activity in WSSV infection in a crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ling-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China.
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Liu LK, Gao RL, Gao Y, Xu JY, Guo LM, Wang KJ, Liu HP. A histone K-lysine acetyltransferase CqKAT2A-like gene promotes white spot syndrome virus infection by enhancing histone H3 acetylation in red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:103640. [PMID: 32078959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to that hypoacetylation of histones is associated with condensed chromatin and gene silencing, the hyperacetylation of histones can promote an "open chromatin" conformation and transcriptional activation, which is recruited by some viruses to enhance the viral genome replication in host cells. However, the function of histone acetylation modification in the infection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), one of the most virulent pathogens for crustaceans like shrimp and crayfish at present, is still unknown. Previously, we found that the transcript of a histone K-Lysine acetyltransferase CqKAT2A-like gene was down-regulated in a differentially expressed transcriptome library of the haematopietic tissue (Hpt) cells from red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus upon WSSV infection at 12 hpi. To further reveal its possible role in anti-WSSV response, CqKAT2A-like gene was then identified with an open reading frame (ORF) of 2523 bp encoding 840 amino acids, which contained a conserved PCAF-N domain, acetyltransf1 domain and bromo domain. Gene expression analysis showed that CqKAT2A-like was distributed in all tissues examined with high presence in haemocyte and muscle, and the transcript was significantly down-regulated after WSSV infection in Hpt cells. Furthermore, the level of histone H3 acetylation (H3ac) was strongly reduced by gene silencing of CqKAT2A-like, which was accompanied with the significantly decreased gene expression of WSSV in Hpt cells, suggesting that CqKAT2A-like gene can promote the activity H3ac and the replication of WSSV. When the H3ac was induced by histone deacetyltransferase inhibitor TSA, the transcription of WSSV genes including both IE1 and VP28 genes was significantly increased, indicating that H3ac participated in WSSV infection in Hpt cells. Taken together, these data suggest that CqKAT2A-like gene might promote the replication of WSSV by regulating H3ac, which sheds new light on the pathogenesis of WSSV in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Rui-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Mei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Yang F, Li S, Xiang J, Zhao X, Li F. Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulation of the shrimp STAT on host chitin-binding domain containing proteins and energy metabolism process during WSSV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:345-357. [PMID: 32184190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway is suggested to enhance the infection of WSSV in crustaceans. However, the regulation mechanism of this process is not quite clear. Here, comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed among shrimps before and after Litopenaeus vannamei STAT (LvSTAT) was silenced by dsRNA approach during WSSV infection. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common in the STAT-interfered groups and control groups at different times after WSSV infection were analyzed to acquire the genes probably regulated by LvSTAT. DEGs annotation and further GO terms enrichment analyses revealed that the identified DEGs mainly contained two categories, chitin-binding domain containing proteins and energy metabolism related genes. The former mainly included cuticle proteins, thrombospondins (TSPs) and peritrophin, while the later mainly included hexose catabolic process and glycolysis related genes. Two cuticle proteins and two TSPs were further studied to learn their expression changes during WSSV infection. They were significantly regulated during WSSV infection, implying the involvement of chitin-binding domain containing protein in the invasion process of WSSV. Systematic analysis on the glycolysis and lipid synthesis pathway demonstrated that silencing of LvSTAT could reduce the glycolysis efficiency and the production of lipids. It could be speculated that a favorable function of LvSTAT for WSSV replication existed by regulating the energy metabolism of the host. Through revealing the main category of genes and biological processes regulated by STAT, our study could shed new light on the roles of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in shrimp during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xingming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Muhammad M, Lotz JM, Blaylock RB, Curran SS. White spot syndrome virus in decapods from Mississippi Sound, USA, and susceptibility of Palaemonetes pugio and Uca panacea to a Chinese isolate. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 138:121-131. [PMID: 32162610 DOI: 10.3354/dao03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence and quantity of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was surveyed using TaqMan real-time PCR to assess the extent of the virus in Mississippi Sound, USA. A total of 3577 wild decapods comprising 11 species was collected between November 2012 and August 2015: WSSV was present in 10 of the 11 species. Prevalence ranged from 5.1% in Uca rapax to 38.8% in U. spinicarpa. Viral load ranged from 1.8 to 7.3 log10 copies of WSSV µg-1 total DNA. Two Gulf species, Palaemonetes pugio and U. panacea, were injected with a series of doses of a virulent WSSV isolate from China to determine relative susceptibility and virulence because continuing translocation of highly pathogenic isolates of WSSV poses risk to native species. Survival was 0-65% for P. pugio and 5-60% for U. panacea. Median survival time was lower for P. pugio than U. panacea at all doses. Mean (±SD) lethal load was 9.0 ± 8.9 log copies of WSSV µg-1 total DNA in P. pugio and 8.2 ± 8.3 in U. panacea. Mean viral load in survivors was higher in U. panacea than in P. pugio (5.8 ± 6.1 vs. 3.2 ± 3.0 log copies of WSSV µg-1 total DNA); mean viral load was lower in wild individuals of those species (2.9 ± 3.2 for P. pugio and 4.9 ± 5.0 for U. panacea). U. panacea is potentially more tolerant of WSSV than P. pugio and may serve as an important reservoir host in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muhammad
- Aquaculture Division, Fisheries and Marine Affairs Agency of North Aceh District Lhokseumawe, Aceh Province 24351, Indonesia
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Wang W, Luo P, Pan C, Wang Q, Yuan H, Liu J, Jin C, Chen J, Wu W. LvPPAE2 induced by WSV056 confers host defense against WSSV in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:319-329. [PMID: 31805414 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Viral immediate early (IE) genes encode regulatory proteins that are critical for viral replication. WSV056 is an IE protein of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an important pathogen of farmed shrimp. It targets the host Rb protein(s) and, according to a previous study, may enhance the replication of the viral genome. However, the ectopic expression of WSV056 in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster exerted an inhibitory effect on the replication of Drosophila C virus (DCV). Transcriptome study using Affymetrix GeneChip suggested that the enrichment of serine proteases (SPs) likely accounts for DCV inhibition in WSV056-overexpressing Drosophila. Injection of recombinant WSV056 to the WSSV natural host Litopenaeus vannamei enhanced the expression of the SP family member prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme 2 (LvPPAE2) and conferred shrimp with more resistance to WSSV infection. LvPPAE2 knockdown contributed to decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides LvAlf1 and LvLyz1, reduced hemolymph phenoloxidase activity, and increased virus load, suggesting that LvPPAE2 is involved in the host defense against WSSV infection. Taken together, these results suggest that wsv056 plays a role in restricting viral replication by inducing the SP-mediated immune responses in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Peng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 501301, China
| | - Changkun Pan
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qingbai Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 501301, China
| | - Huifang Yuan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jieping Liu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Chunying Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Wenlin Wu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China.
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Govindaraju K, Dilip Itroutwar P, Veeramani V, Ashok Kumar T, Tamilselvan S. Application of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Disease Management of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Aquaculture. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Huang AG, Tan XP, Qu SY, Wang GX, Zhu B. Evaluation on the antiviral activity of genipin against white spot syndrome virus in crayfish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:380-386. [PMID: 31374312 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a serious epidemic pathogen of crustaceans and cause severe economic losses to aquaculture. However, no commercial drugs presently available to control WSSV infection. Genipin (GN) is a bioactive compound extracted from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides and exhibits potential antiviral activity. In the study, the antiviral activity of GN against WSSV was investigated in crayfish Procambarus clarkii and in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In vitro antiviral test showed that GN could inhibit WSSV replication in crayfish and in shrimp, and the highest inhibition on WSSV was over 99% when treatment with 50 mg/kg of GN for 24 h. In vivo antiviral test proved that GN could be used to treat and prevent WSSV infection. GN could also effectively protect crayfish from WSSV infection by reducing the mortality rate of WSSV-infected crayfish. Moreover, GN attenuated the WSSV-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory by upregulation the expression of antioxidant-related genes and downregulation the expression of inflammatory-related genes, respectively. Mechanically, GN inhibited WSSV replication at least via decreasing STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) gene expression to block WSSV immediate-early gene ie1 transcription. Additionally, the inhibition of BI-1 (Bax inhibitor-1) gene expression also played an important role in the suppression of WSSV infection. In conclusion, GN represented a potential therapeutic and preventive agent to block WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Guo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shen-Ye Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Jaree P, Kawai T, Lo CF, Tassanakajon A, Somboonwiwat K. Genome organization and definition of the Penaeus monodon viral responsive protein 15 (PmVRP15) promoter. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:997-1006. [PMID: 31412281 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The viral responsive protein 15 from the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (PmVRP15) is a highly responsive gene upon white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge. It is identified from hemocyte and important for WSSV trafficking and assembly. However, the knowledge of PmVRP15 gene regulation is limited. In the present study, the genome organization and 5'upstream promoter sequences of PmVRP15 gene were investigated. The PmVRP15 gene was found to contain 4 exons interrupted by 3 introns and the start codon was located in the exon 2. The transcription start site and TATA box were also determined from the 5' upstream sequence. By using the narrow down experiment, the 5' upstream promoter active region was determined to be at the nucleotide positions -525 to +612. Mutagenesis of the putative transcription factor (TF) binding sites revealed that the binding site of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) (-495/-479) was a repressor-binding site whereas those of the octamer transcription factor 1 (Oct-1) (-275/-268) and the nuclear factor of activated T-cells transcription factor (NFAT) (-228/-223) were activator-binding sites. This is the first report on the transcription factors that might play essential roles in modulating the PmVRP15 gene expression. Nevertheless, the underlying regulation mechanism of PmVRP15 gene expression needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattarunda Jaree
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan
| | - Chu-Fang Lo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok, Thailand.
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46
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Wu W, Dai C, Duan X, Wang C, Lin X, Ke J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu H. miRNAs induced by white spot syndrome virus involve in immunity pathways in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:743-751. [PMID: 31408731 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei are widely cultured in the world and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) led to huge economic losses in the shrimp industry every year. In the present study, miRNAs involved in the response of shrimp L. vannamei to WSSV infection were obtained through the Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput next-generation sequencing technique. A total number of 7 known miRNAs and 54 putative novel miRNAs were obtained. Among them, 14 DEMs were identified in the shrimp infected with WSSV. The putative target genes of these DEMs were related to host immune response or signaling pathways, indicating the importance of miRNAs in shrimp against WSSV infection. The results will provide information for further research on shrimp response to virus infection and contribute to the development of new strategies for effective protection against WSSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Congjie Dai
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xunwei Duan
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xiaosi Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Jiaying Ke
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; School of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310004, China.
| | - Haipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources (Xiamen University), State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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47
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Gao G, Lin R, Tao M, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Ma H, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang F. Molecular characterization of a novel white spot syndrome virus response protein (dubbed LvWRP) from Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:99-107. [PMID: 31051195 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome, which is caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is a highly contagious disease of penaeid shrimp. However, there is currently incomplete understanding of the infection mechanism and pathogenesis of WSSV. In this study, a novel gene of a previously uncharacterized WSSV response protein (LvWRP) in Litopenaeus vannamei was identified and characterized. The LvWRP gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 879 bp encoding a putative protein of 292 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that LvWRP shared 24.9% identity with an uncharacterized protein of Penaeus monodon nudivirus. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that LvWRP was ubiquitously expressed in shrimp tissues, with transcript levels induced in hemocytes upon immune challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptoccocus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and WSSV. In addition, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LvWRP followed by WSSV challenge revealed significant decrease in the transcript levels of WSSV IE1 and VP28 genes coupled with a reduction in WSSV copies in shrimp hemocytes. Moreover, depletion of LvWRP followed by WSSV challenge significantly increased the transcript levels of Vago4 and Vago5 as well as increased the phosphorylation of STAT, while hemocytes apoptosis in terms of caspase 3/7 activity was decreased. These results suggest that LvWRP is important for WSSV replication in shrimp, and therefore one of the vital host factors in WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicai Gao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ruihong Lin
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mengyuan Tao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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48
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Li C, Wang S, He J. The Two NF-κB Pathways Regulating Bacterial and WSSV Infection of Shrimp. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1785. [PMID: 31417561 PMCID: PMC6683665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of diseases ordinarily results from the disruption of the balance and harmony between hosts and pathogens. Devoid of adaptive immunity, shrimp rely largely on the innate immune system to protect themselves from pathogenic infection. Two nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, are generally regarded as the major regulators of the immune response in shrimp, which have been extensively studied over the years. Bacterial infection can be recognized by Toll and IMD pathways, which activate two NF-κB transcription factors, Dorsal and Relish, respectively, to eventually lead to boosting the expression of various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In response to white-spot-syndrome-virus (WSSV) infection, these two pathways appear to be subverted and hijacked to favor viral survival. In this review, the recent progress in elucidating microbial recognition, signal transduction, and effector regulation within both shrimp Toll and IMD pathways will be discussed. We will also highlight and discuss the similarities and differences between shrimps and their Drosophila or mammalian counterparts. Understanding the interplay between pathogens and shrimp NF-κB pathways may provide new opportunities for disease-prevention strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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49
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Yang L, Luo M, He J, Zuo H, Weng S, He J, Xu X. A JAK-STAT pathway target gene encoding a single WAP domain (SWD)-containing protein from Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:555-563. [PMID: 30999041 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In shrimp, the JAK-STAT pathway is essentially implicated in both antiviral and antibacterial responses. However, few regulatory target genes of the JAK-STAT pathway in shrimp have been reported so far. In this study, a novel single WAP domain-containing peptide (LvSWD4) was identified from Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The promoter of LvSWD4 was predicted to harbor multiple STAT-binding DNA motifs. Over-expression of the JAK-STAT pathway components STAT, JAK and Domeless in vitro significantly enhanced the transcriptional activity of the LvSWD4 promoter, and in vivo silencing of STAT and the the JAK-STAT pathway upstream regulator IRF down-regulated the expression of LvSWD4, suggesting that LvSWD4 could be a target gene of the JAK-STAT pathway. The expression of LvSWD4 was significantly increased after infection with Gram-negative and positive bacteria, fungi and virus, and silencing of LvSWD4 increased the susceptibility of shrimp to V. parahaemolyticus and WSSV infections. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that the recombinant LvSWD4 protein had significant inhibitory activities against Gram negative bacteria V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli and Gram positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis. Furthermore, silencing of LvSWD4 in vivo significantly affected expression of various immune functional genes and attenuated the phagocytic activity of hemocytes. These suggested that as a target gene of STAT, LvSWD4 was essentially implicated in shrimp immunity, which could constitute part of the mechanism underlying the immune function of the shrimp JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengting Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianhui He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, PR China.
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Zhu G, Li S, Wu J, Li F, Zhao XM. Identification of Functional Gene Modules Associated With STAT-Mediated Antiviral Responses to White Spot Syndrome Virus in Shrimp. Front Physiol 2019; 10:212. [PMID: 30914969 PMCID: PMC6421301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the major threats to shrimp aquaculture. It has been found that the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein plays an important role in the antiviral immunity of shrimp with a WSSV infection. However, the mechanism that underlies the STAT-mediated antiviral responses in shrimp, against WSSV infection, remains unclear. In this work, based on the gene expression profiles of shrimp with an injection of WSSV and STAT double strand RNA (dsRNA), we constructed a gene co-expression network for shrimp and identified the gene modules that are possibly responsible for STAT-mediated antiviral responses. These gene modules are found enriched in the regulation of the viral process, JAK-STAT cascade and the regulation of immune effector process pathways. The gene modules identified here provide insights into the molecular mechanism that underlies the STAT-mediated antiviral response of shrimp, against WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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