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Sugio T, Uchida N, Miyawaki K, Ohno Y, Eto T, Mori Y, Yoshimoto G, Kikushige Y, Kunisaki Y, Mizuno S, Nagafuji K, Iwasaki H, Kamimura T, Ogawa R, Miyamoto T, Taniguchi S, Akashi K, Kato K. Prognostic impact of HLA supertype mismatch in single-unit cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:466-472. [PMID: 38238452 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The "human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertype" is a functional classification of HLA alleles, which was defined by structural features and peptide specificities, and has been reportedly associated with the clinical outcomes of viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Although the disparity in each HLA locus was reported to have no clinical significance in single-unit cord blood transplantation (sCBT), the clinical significance of the HLA supertype in sCBT remains unknown. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 1603 patients who received sCBT in eight institutes in Japan between 2000 and 2017. Each HLA allele was categorized into 19 supertypes, and the prognostic effect of disparities was then assessed. An HLA-B supertype mismatch was identified as a poor prognostic factor (PFS: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, p = 0.00044) and was associated with a higher cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse (HR = 1.24, p = 0.013). However, an HLA-B supertype mismatch was not associated with the CI of acute and chronic graft-versus-host-disease. The multivariate analysis for relapse and PFS showed the significance of an HLA-B supertype mismatch independent of allelic mismatches, and other previously reported prognostic factors. HLA-B supertype-matched grafts should be selected in sCBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sugio
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohta Miyawaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuju Ohno
- Department of Hematology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Eto
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Goichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Kikushige
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mizuno
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Nagafuji
- Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iwasaki
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Ogawa
- Department of Hematology, JCHO Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
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2
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Valenzuela-Ponce H, Carbajal C, Soto-Nava M, Tapia-Trejo D, García-Morales C, Murillo W, Lorenzana I, Reyes-Terán G, Ávila-Ríos S. Honduras HIV cohort: HLA class I and CCR5-Δ32 profiles and their associations with HIV disease outcome. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0161323. [PMID: 37962394 PMCID: PMC10714756 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01613-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We identify both canonical and novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-HIV associations, providing a first step toward improved understanding of HIV immune control among the understudied Honduras Mestizo population. Our results are relevant to understanding the protective or detrimental effects of HLA subtypes in Latin America because their unique HLA diversity poses challenges for designing vaccines against HIV and interpreting results from such vaccine trials. Likewise, the description of the HLA profile in an understudied population that shows a unique HLA immunogenetic background is not only relevant for HIV immunology but also relevant in population genetics, molecular anthropology, susceptibility to other infections, autoimmune diseases, and allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Valenzuela-Ponce
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Candy Carbajal
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Maribel Soto-Nava
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Tapia-Trejo
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia García-Morales
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wendy Murillo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Ivette Lorenzana
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Comisión Coordinadora de Institutos Nacional de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Secretar ´ıa de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Shao H, Li S. A new perspective on HIV: effects of HIV on brain-heart axis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1226782. [PMID: 37600062 PMCID: PMC10436320 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1226782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can cause damage to multiple systems within the body, and the interaction among these various organ systems means that pathological changes in one system can have repercussions on the functions of other systems. However, the current focus of treatment and research on HIV predominantly centers around individual systems without considering the comprehensive relationship among them. The central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular system play crucial roles in supporting human life, and their functions are closely intertwined. In this review, we examine the effects of HIV on the CNS, the resulting impact on the cardiovascular system, and the direct damage caused by HIV to the cardiovascular system to provide new perspectives on HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sijun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
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4
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Impact of Micropolymorphism Outside the Peptide Binding Groove in the Clinically Relevant Allele HLA-C*14 on T Cell Responses in HIV-1 Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0043222. [PMID: 35475667 PMCID: PMC9131871 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00432-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the importance of human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C)-restricted CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 control, but these responses are relatively poorly investigated. The number of HLA-C-restricted HIV-1 epitopes identified is much smaller than those of HLA-A-restricted or HLA-B-restricted ones. Here, we utilized a mass spectrometry-based approach to identify HIV-1 peptides presented by HLA-C*14:03 protective and HLA-C*14:02 nonprotective alleles. We identified 25 8- to 11-mer HLA-I-bound HIV-1 peptides from HIV-1-infected HLA-C*14:02+/14:03+ cells. Analysis of T cell responses to these peptides identified novel 6 T cell epitopes targeted in HIV-1-infected HLA-C*14:02+/14:03+ subjects. Analyses using HLA stabilization assays demonstrated that all 6 epitope peptides exhibited higher binding to and greater cell surface stabilization of HLA-C*14:02 than HLA-C*14:03. T cell response magnitudes were typically higher in HLA-C*14:02+ than HLA-C*14:03+ individuals, with responses to the Pol KM9 and Nef epitopes being significantly higher. The results show that HLA-C*14:02 can elicit stronger T cell responses to HIV-1 than HLA-C*14:03 and suggest that the single amino acid difference between these HLA-C14 subtypes at position 21, outside the peptide-binding groove, indirectly influences the stability of peptide-HLA-C*14 complexes and induction/expansion of HIV-specific T cells. Taken together with a previous finding that KIR2DL2+ NK cells recognized HLA-C*14:03+ HIV-1-infected cells more than HLA-C*14:02+ ones, the present study indicates that these HLA-C*14 subtypes differentially impact HIV-1 control by T cells and NK cells. IMPORTANCE Some human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles are associated with good clinical outcomes in HIV-1 infection and are called protective HLA alleles. Identification of T cell epitopes restricted by protective HLA alleles can give important insight into virus-immune system interactions and inform design of immune-based prophylactic/therapeutic strategies. Although epitopes restricted by many protective HLA-A/B alleles have been identified, protective HLA-C alleles are relatively understudied. Here, we identified 6 novel T cell epitopes presented by both HLA-C*14:02 (no association with protection) and HLA-C*14:03 (protective) using a mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidome profiling approach. We found that these peptides bound to and stabilized HLA-C*14:02 better than HLA-C*14:03 and observed differences in induction/expansion of epitope-specific T cell responses in HIV-infected HLA-C*14:02+ versus HLA-C*14:03+ individuals. These results enhance understanding of how the microstructural difference at position 21 between these HLA-C*14 subtypes may influence cellular immune responses involved in viral control in HIV-1 infection.
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5
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The pockets guide to HLA class I molecules. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2319-2331. [PMID: 34581761 PMCID: PMC8589423 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are cell-surface proteins that present peptides to T cells. These peptides are bound within the peptide binding cleft of HLA, and together as a complex, are recognised by T cells using their specialised T cell receptors. Within the cleft, the peptide residue side chains bind into distinct pockets. These pockets ultimately determine the specificity of peptide binding. As HLAs are the most polymorphic molecules in humans, amino acid variants in each binding pocket influences the peptide repertoire that can be presented on the cell surface. Here, we review each of the 6 HLA binding pockets of HLA class I (HLA-I) molecules. The binding specificity of pockets B and F are strong determinants of peptide binding and have been used to classify HLA into supertypes, a useful tool to predict peptide binding to a given HLA. Over the years, peptide binding prediction has also become more reliable by using binding affinity and mass spectrometry data. Crystal structures of peptide-bound HLA molecules provide a means to interrogate the interactions between binding pockets and peptide residue side chains. We find that most of the bound peptides from these structures conform to binding motifs determined from prediction software and examine outliers to learn how these HLAs are stabilised from a structural perspective.
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6
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Schetelig J, Heidenreich F, Baldauf H, Trost S, Falk B, Hoßbach C, Real R, Roers A, Lindemann D, Dalpke A, Kolditz M, de With K, Bornhäuser M, Bonifacio EE, Rücker-Braun E, Lange V, Markert J, Barth R, Hofmann JA, Sauter J, Bernas SN, Schmidt AH. Individual HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 Genotypes Are No Major Factors Which Determine COVID-19 Severity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698193. [PMID: 34381451 PMCID: PMC8350391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA molecules are key restrictive elements to present intracellular antigens at the crossroads of an effective T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2. To determine the impact of the HLA genotype on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 courses, we investigated data from 6,919 infected individuals. HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 allotypes grouped into HLA supertypes by functional or predicted structural similarities of the peptide-binding grooves did not predict COVID-19 severity. Further, we did not observe a heterozygote advantage or a benefit from HLA diplotypes with more divergent physicochemical peptide-binding properties. Finally, numbers of in silico predicted viral T-cell epitopes did not correlate with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. These findings suggest that the HLA genotype is no major factor determining COVID-19 severity. Moreover, our data suggest that the spike glycoprotein alone may allow for abundant T-cell epitopes to mount robust T-cell responses not limited by the HLA genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schetelig
- Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS, Dresden, Germany.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU), Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Heidenreich
- Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS, Dresden, Germany.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU), Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Trost
- Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bose Falk
- Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ruben Real
- Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kolditz
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja de With
- Division of Infectious Diseases, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU), Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ezio E Bonifacio
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Rücker-Braun
- Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS, Dresden, Germany.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU), Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jan Markert
- DKMS, Stem Cell Donor Registry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Barth
- DKMS, Stem Cell Donor Registry, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alexander H Schmidt
- Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS, Dresden, Germany.,DKMS Life Science Lab, Dresden, Germany.,DKMS, Stem Cell Donor Registry, Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Camacho-Bydume C, Wang T, Sees JA, Fernandez-Viña M, Abid MB, Askar M, Beitinjaneh A, Brown V, Castillo P, Chhabra S, Gadalla SM, Hsu JM, Kamoun M, Lazaryan A, Nishihori T, Page K, Schetelig J, Fleischhauer K, Marsh SGE, Paczesny S, Spellman SR, Lee SJ, Hsu KC. Specific Class I HLA Supertypes but Not HLA Zygosity or Expression Are Associated with Outcomes following HLA-Matched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: HLA Supertypes Impact Allogeneic HCT Outcomes. Transplant Cell Ther 2020; 27:142.e1-142.e11. [PMID: 33053450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maximizing the probability of antigen presentation to T cells through diversity in HLAs can enhance immune responsiveness and translate into improved clinical outcomes, as evidenced by the association of heterozygosity and supertypes at HLA class I loci with improved survival in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We investigated the impact of HLA heterozygosity, supertypes, and surface expression on outcomes in adult and pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma who underwent 8/8 HLA-matched, T cell replete, unrelated, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) from 2000 to 2015 using patient data reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. HLA class I heterozygosity and HLA expression were not associated with overall survival, relapse, transplant-related mortality (TRM), disease-free survival (DFS), and acute graft-versus-host disease following HCT. The HLA-B62 supertype was associated with decreased TRM in the entire patient cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.90; P = .00053). The HLA-B27 supertype was associated with worse DFS in patients with AML (HR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.32; P = .00005). These findings suggest that the survival benefit of HLA heterozygosity seen in solid tumor patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors does not extend to patients undergoing allogeneic HCT. Certain HLA supertypes, however, are associated with TRM and DFS, suggesting that similarities in peptide presentation between supertype members play a role in these outcomes. Beyond implications for prognosis following HCT, these findings support the further investigation of these HLA supertypes and the specific immune peptides important for transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jennifer A Sees
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Muhammad Bilal Abid
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Medhat Askar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amer Beitinjaneh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Valerie Brown
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Castillo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Health Shands Children's Hospital, Gainesville, FL
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, NIH-NCI Clinical Genetics Branch, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jing-Mei Hsu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Malek Kamoun
- Deparment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aleksandr Lazaryan
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy (BMT CI), Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy (BMT CI), Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kristin Page
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Stephen R Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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8
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The HLA A03 Supertype and Several Pan Species Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I A Allotypes Share a Preference for Binding Positively Charged Residues in the F Pocket: Implications for Controlling Retroviral Infections. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01960-19. [PMID: 32075930 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01960-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region of humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and bonobos (Pan paniscus) is highly similar, and orthologues of HLA-A, -B, and -C are present in both Pan species. Based on functional characteristics, the different HLA-A allotypes are classified into different supertypes. One of them, the HLA A03 supertype, is widely distributed among different human populations. All contemporary known chimpanzee and bonobo MHC class I A allotypes cluster genetically into one of the six HLA-A families, the HLA-A1/A3/A11/A30 family. We report here that the peptide-binding motif of the Patr-A*05:01 allotype, which is commonly present in a cohort of western African chimpanzees, has a strong preference for binding peptides with basic amino acids at the carboxyl terminus. This phenomenon is shared with the family members of the HLA A03 supertype. Based on the chemical similarities in the peptide-binding pocket, we inferred that the preference for binding peptides with basic amino acids at the carboxyl terminus is widely present among the human, chimpanzee, and bonobo MHC-A allotypes. Subsequent in silico peptide-binding predictions illustrated that these allotypes have the capacity to target conserved parts of the proteome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVcpz.IMPORTANCE Most experimentally infected chimpanzees seem to control an HIV-1 infection and are therefore considered to be relatively resistant to developing AIDS. Contemporary free-ranging chimpanzees may carry SIVcpz, and there is evidence for AIDS-like symptoms in these free-ranging animals, whereas SIV infections in bonobos appear to be absent. In humans, the natural control of an HIV-1 infection is strongly associated with the presence of particular HLA class I allotypes. The ancestor of the contemporary living chimpanzees and bonobos survived a selective sweep targeting the MHC class I repertoire. We have put forward a hypothesis that this may have been caused by an ancestral retroviral infection similar to SIVcpz. Characterization of the relevant MHC allotypes may contribute to understanding the shaping of their immune repertoire. The abundant presence of MHC-A allotypes that prefer peptides with basic amino acids at the C termini suggests that these molecules may contribute to the control of retroviral infections in humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos.
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9
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Aissani B, Martinez-Maza O, Kaslow RA, Wiener HW, Bream JH, Stosor V, Martinson JJ, Jacobson LP, Shrestha S. Increasing Levels of Serum Heat Shock Protein 70 Precede the Development of AIDS-Defining Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Among Carriers of HLA-B8-DR3. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 81:266-273. [PMID: 31026237 PMCID: PMC6587227 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that carriage of presumably high Hsp70-producing gene variants on a specific human major histocompatibility complex haplotype, the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (8.1AH), may predispose HIV-infected individuals to AIDS-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). SETTING We compared serum Hsp70 levels in the years preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-NHL in a matched case-control study (n = 151 pairs) nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS We tested the impact of 8.1AH-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and joint SNP-human leukocyte antigen extended haplotypes previously associated with AIDS-NHL in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study on the circulating Hsp70 levels in mixed linear models. RESULTS We report elevated serum levels of Hsp70 in the 4 years preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-NHL in cases that carry 8.1AH, but not in noncarrier cases and not in carrier- or non-carrier-matched controls. The strongest predictor of higher serum Hsp70 was the haplotype A-G-A-C formed by SNPs rs537160(A) and rs1270942(G) in the complement factor CFB gene cluster, and rs2072633(A) and rs6467(C) in nearby RDBP and CYP21A2 located 70 Kb apart from the Hsp70 gene cluster. The association with A-G-A-C haplotype (beta = 0.718; standard error = 0.182; P = 0.0002) and with other 8.1AH-specific haplotypes including the high-producing tumor necrosis factor-alpha haplotype rs909253(G)-rs1800629(A) (beta = 0.308; standard error = 0.140; P = 0.032) were observed only with NHL identified as an AIDS-defining condition, but not as a post-AIDS condition, nor in combined AIDS and post-AIDS cases. CONCLUSION Our combined genetic and functional approach suggests that the altered level of Hsp70 is a correlate of 8.1AH-mediated AIDS-NHL. Further investigation of the Hsp70 gene cluster and nearby loci that are tagged by A-G-A-C could better elucidate the genetic determinants of the malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Aissani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Otoniel Martinez-Maza
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics; and
- Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard A. Kaslow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Currently Professor Emeritus of Epidemiology
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jay H. Bream
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Jeremy J. Martinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and
| | - Lisa P. Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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10
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Li L, Liu Y, Gorny MK. Association of Diverse Genotypes and Phenotypes of Immune Cells and Immunoglobulins With the Course of HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2735. [PMID: 30534128 PMCID: PMC6275200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease progression among HIV-1-infected individuals varies widely, but the mechanisms underlying this variability remains unknown. Distinct disease outcomes are the consequences of many factors working in concert, including innate and adaptive immune responses, cell-mediated and humoral immunity, and both genetic and phenotypic factors. Current data suggest that these multifaceted aspects in infected individuals should be considered as a whole, rather than as separate unique elements, and that analyses must be performed in greater detail in order to meet the requirements of personalized medicine and guide optimal vaccine design. However, the wide adoption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) influences the implementation of systematic analyses of the HIV-1-infected population. Consequently, fewer data will be available for acquisition in the future, preventing the comprehensive investigations required to elucidate the underpinnings of variability in disease outcome. This review seeks to recapitulate the distinct genotypic and phenotypic features of the immune system, focusing in particular on comparing the surface proteins of immune cells among individuals with different HIV infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhe Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Miroslaw K Gorny
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Chikata T, Tran GV, Murakoshi H, Akahoshi T, Qi Y, Naranbhai V, Kuse N, Tamura Y, Koyanagi M, Sakai S, Nguyen DH, Nguyen DT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TV, Oka S, Martin MP, Carrington M, Sakai K, Nguyen KV, Takiguchi M. HLA Class I-Mediated HIV-1 Control in Vietnamese Infected with HIV-1 Subtype A/E. J Virol 2018; 92:e01749-17. [PMID: 29237835 PMCID: PMC5809730 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01749-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in the control of HIV-1 subtype B or C infection. However, the role of CTLs in HIV-1 subtype A/E infection still remains unclear. Here we investigated the association of HLA class I alleles with clinical outcomes in treatment-naive Vietnamese infected with subtype A/E virus. We found that HLA-C*12:02 was significantly associated with lower plasma viral loads (pVL) and higher CD4 counts and that the HLA-A*29:01-B*07:05-C*15:05 haplotype was significantly associated with higher pVL and lower CD4 counts than those for individuals without these respective genotypes. Nine Pol and three Nef mutations were associated with at least one HLA allele in the HLA-A*29:01-B*07:05-C*15:05 haplotype, with a strong negative correlation between the number of HLA-associated Pol mutations and CD4 count as well as a positive correlation with pVL for individuals with these HLA alleles. The results suggest that the accumulation of mutations selected by CTLs restricted by these HLA alleles affects HIV control.IMPORTANCE Most previous studies on HLA association with disease progression after HIV-1 infection have been performed on cohorts infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and C, whereas few such population-based studies have been reported for cohorts infected with the Asian subtype A/E virus. In this study, we analyzed the association of HLA class I alleles with clinical outcomes for 536 HIV-1 subtype A/E-infected Vietnamese individuals. We found that HLA-C*12:02 is protective, while the HLA haplotype HLA-A*29:01-B*07:05-C*15:05 is deleterious. The individuals with HIV-1 mutations associated with at least one of the HLA alleles in the deleterious HLA haplotype had higher plasma viral loads and lower CD4 counts than those of individuals without the mutations, suggesting that viral adaptation and escape from HLA-mediated immune control occurred. The present study identifies a protective allele and a deleterious haplotype for HIV-1 subtype A/E infection which are different from those identified for cohorts infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giang Van Tran
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ying Qi
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Center for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nozomi Kuse
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tamura
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Madoka Koyanagi
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Sakai
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Dung Hoai Nguyen
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Thi Nguyen
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thu Nguyen
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Vu Nguyen
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maureen P Martin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keiko Sakai
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kinh Van Nguyen
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
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12
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Chikata T, Murakoshi H, Koyanagi M, Honda K, Gatanaga H, Oka S, Takiguchi M. Control of HIV-1 by an HLA-B*52:01-C*12:02 Protective Haplotype. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1415-1424. [PMID: 28968792 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-B*52:01-C*12:02, which is found in approximately 20% of all Japanese persons, is well known to be associated with ulcerative colitis and Takayasu arteritis. This haplotype is also known to be protective in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. Recent studies showed that HLA-B*52:01-restricted HIV-1-specific T cells suppress HIV-1 and that HLA-C*12:02 together with KIR2DL2 play an important role in natural killer cell-mediated control of HIV-1. However, the role of HLA-C*12:02-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in suppressing HIV-1 replication remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that HLA-C*12:02-restricted CTLs specific for 2 immunodominant epitopes, Pol IY11 and Nef MY9, contributed to the suppression of HIV-1 replication in HIV-1-infected individuals. Further analysis demonstrated that these 2 HLA-C*12:02-restricted CTLs together with 4 HLA-B*52:01-restricted ones effectively suppressed HIV-1 in individuals with the HLA-B*52:01-C*12:02 haplotype. Thus, both HLA-C*12:02 and HLA-B*52:01 alleles contribute to HIV-1 suppression via both HIV-1-specific CTLs and natural killer cells in individuals with this haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazutaka Honda
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Tokyo, Japan.,AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Tokyo, Japan.,AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sundaramurthi JC, Ashokkumar M, Swaminathan S, Hanna LE. HLA based selection of epitopes offers a potential window of opportunity for vaccine design against HIV. Vaccine 2017; 35:5568-5575. [PMID: 28888341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pace of progression to AIDS after HIV infection varies from individual to individual. While some individuals develop AIDS quickly, others are protected from the onset of disease for more than a decade (elite controllers and long term non-progressors). The mechanisms of protection are not yet clearly understood, though various factors including host genetics, immune components and virus attenuation have been elucidated partly. The influence of HLA alleles on HIV-1 infection and disease outcome has been studied extensively. Several HLA alleles are known to be associated with resistance to infection or delayed progression to AIDS after infection. Similarly, certain HLA alleles are reported to be associated with rapid progression to disease. Since HLA alleles influence the outcome of HIV infection differentially, selection of epitopes specifically recognized by protective alleles could serve asa rational means for HIV vaccine design. In this review article, we discuss existing knowledge on HLA alleles and their association with resistance/susceptibility to HIV and its relevance to vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Chandrabose Sundaramurthi
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Chetpet, Chennai 600031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manickam Ashokkumar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Chetpet, Chennai 600031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumya Swaminathan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Chetpet, Chennai 600031, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Chetpet, Chennai 600031, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Rallón N, Restrepo C, Vicario JL, Del Romero J, Rodríguez C, García-Samaniego J, García M, Cabello A, Górgolas M, Benito JM. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1*03:02 and HLA-A*02:01 have opposite patterns in their effects on susceptibility to HIV infection. HIV Med 2017; 18:587-594. [PMID: 28218480 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to seek correlates of immune protection in HIV infection. We sought to elucidate the association between the presence of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, as well as killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) genotypes, and the susceptibility to HIV infection in a Spanish cohort of HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals. METHODS A total of 152 individuals were evaluated: 29 HESN individuals in stable heterosexual relationships with an HIV-infected partner admitting high-risk sexual intercourse for at least 12 months prior to inclusion in the study, 61 HIV-infected patients and 62 healthy controls. HLA class I and II alleles and KIR genotypes were assessed in genomic DNA from all individuals in the study by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) using bead array technology. RESULTS HESN individuals showed a higher prevalence of HLA-A3 (62%) and HLA-B44 (83%) supertypes compared with HIV-infected individuals (42% and 66%, respectively). Regarding specific HLA alleles, HESN individuals had a higher prevalence of HLA-A*33:01, DRB1*04 and DQB1*03:02 alleles (14%, 34% and 31%, respectively) and a lower prevalence of the HLA-A*02:01 allele (27%) than HIV-infected patients (3%, 15%, 11% and 52%, respectively; P < 0.05). Interestingly, in a multivariate analysis, only the presence of DQB1*03:02 and the absence of A*02:01 alleles were independently associated with HESN status [odds ratio (OR) 3.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-10.5) and 0.4 (95% CI: 0.1-0.9), respectively; P < 0.05]. No KIR genotype was associated with susceptibility to HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that the presence of the HLA class II allele DQB1*03:02 was a correlate of immune protection against HIV infection, while the presence of the HLA class I allele A*02:01 was associated with being infected with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rallón
- Jiménez Díaz Foundation-Health Research Institute, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Móstoles, Spain
| | - C Restrepo
- Jiménez Díaz Foundation-Health Research Institute, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Móstoles, Spain
| | - J L Vicario
- Histocompatibility Lab., Community Transfusion Center of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C Rodríguez
- Madrid Sanitary Center Sandoval, Madrid, Spain
| | - J García-Samaniego
- Carlos III-La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - M García
- Jiménez Díaz Foundation-Health Research Institute, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Móstoles, Spain
| | - A Cabello
- Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Górgolas
- Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Benito
- Jiménez Díaz Foundation-Health Research Institute, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Móstoles, Spain
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Ernst JD. Antigenic Variation and Immune Escape in the MTBC. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1019:171-190. [PMID: 29116635 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbes that infect other organisms encounter host immune responses, and must overcome or evade innate and adaptive immune responses to successfully establish infection. Highly successful microbial pathogens, including M. tuberculosis, are able to evade adaptive immune responses (mediated by antibodies and/or T lymphocytes) and thereby establish long-term chronic infection. One mechanism that diverse pathogens use to evade adaptive immunity is antigenic variation, in which structural variants emerge that alter recognition by established immune responses and allow those pathogens to persist and/or to infect previously-immune hosts. Despite the wide use of antigenic variation by diverse pathogens, this mechanism appears to be infrequent in M. tuberculosis, as indicated by findings that known and predicted human T cell epitopes in this organism are highly conserved, although there are exceptions. These findings have implications for diagnostic tests that are based on measuring host immune responses, and for vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Ernst
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, Smilow Building, 9th floor, Rooms 901-907, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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16
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Lazaryan A, Wang T, Spellman SR, Wang HL, Pidala J, Nishihori T, Askar M, Olsson R, Oudshoorn M, Abdel-Azim H, Yong A, Gandhi M, Dandoy C, Savani B, Hale G, Page K, Bitan M, Reshef R, Drobyski W, Marsh SG, Schultz K, Müller CR, Fernandez-Viña MA, Verneris MR, Horowitz MM, Arora M, Weisdorf DJ, Lee SJ. Human leukocyte antigen supertype matching after myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation with 7/8 matched unrelated donor allografts: a report from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Haematologica 2016; 101:1267-1274. [PMID: 27247320 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.143271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II alleles can be simplified by consolidating them into fewer supertypes based on functional or predicted structural similarities in epitope-binding grooves of HLA molecules. We studied the impact of matched and mismatched HLA-A (265 versus 429), -B (230 versus 92), -C (365 versus 349), and -DRB1 (153 versus 51) supertypes on clinical outcomes of 1934 patients with acute leukemias or myelodysplasia/myeloproliferative disorders. All patients were reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research following single-allele mismatched unrelated donor myeloablative conditioning hematopoietic cell transplantation. Single mismatched alleles were categorized into six HLA-A (A01, A01A03, A01A24, A02, A03, A24), six HLA-B (B07, B08, B27, B44, B58, B62), two HLA-C (C1, C2), and five HLA-DRB1 (DR1, DR3, DR4, DR5, DR9) supertypes. Supertype B mismatch was associated with increased risk of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (hazard ratio =1.78, P=0.0025) compared to supertype B match. Supertype B07-B44 mismatch was associated with a higher incidence of both grade II-IV (hazard ratio=3.11, P=0.002) and III-IV (hazard ratio=3.15, P=0.01) acute graft-versus-host disease. No significant associations were detected between supertype-matched versus -mismatched groups at other HLA loci. These data suggest that avoiding HLA-B supertype mismatches can mitigate the risk of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease in 7/8-mismatched unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation when multiple HLA-B supertype-matched donors are available. Future studies are needed to define the mechanisms by which supertype mismatching affects outcomes after alternative donor hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Wang
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stephen R Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hai-Lin Wang
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph Pidala
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Medhat Askar
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard Olsson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Agnes Yong
- Royal Adelaide Hospital/SA Pathology, Australia
| | | | | | - Bipin Savani
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory Hale
- All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Kristin Page
- Duke University Medical Center, Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Ran Reshef
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Steven Ge Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute & University College London Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, UK
| | - Kirk Schultz
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Mary M Horowitz
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mukta Arora
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Weisdorf
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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HLA-B*35: 05 is a protective allele with a unique structure among HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected Thais, in whom the B*57 frequency is low. AIDS 2014; 28:959-67. [PMID: 24566094 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in an HIV-infected south-east Asian population, in whom HLA-B*57 prevalence is lower than other ethnic groups, and HIV-1 CRF01_AE is the dominant circulating subtype. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of Thai patients with chronic HIV infection. METHODS Five hundred and fifty-seven HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected Thais were recruited. Their HLA type and viral load were determined to statistically analyze the association of each allele in viral control. In-silico molecular dynamics was also used to evaluate the effect of HLA structure variants on epitope binding. RESULTS HLA-B*35:05 was identified as the most protective allele (P=0.003, q=0.17), along with HLA-B*57:01 (P=0.044, q=0.31). Structurally, HLA-B*35:05 belonged to the HLA-B*35-PY group of HLA-B*35 alleles; however, unlike the other HLA-B*35 alleles that carry Arg (R) at residue 97, it has unique sequences at T94, L95, and S97, located within the peptide-binding groove. Analysis of the three-dimensional HLA structure and molecular dynamics indicates that S97 in HLA-B*35:05 leads to less flexibility in the groove, and shorter distances between the α-helixes compared with the disease-susceptible HLA-B*35-PY allele, HLA-B*35:01. CONCLUSION These data indicate the existence of a protective effect of HLA-B*57 across ethnic groups and highlight HLA-B*35:05 as an allele uniquely protective in subtype CRF01_AE-infected Thais. The divergence of HLA-B*35:05 from conventional HLA-B*35-PY structural sequences at the peptide-binding groove is consistent with previous studies that have identified HLA residue 97 as strongly influential in shaping HLA impact on immune control of HIV, and that a more restricted peptide-binding motif may be associated with improved control.
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Kuniholm MH, Anastos K, Kovacs A, Gao X, Marti D, Sette A, Greenblatt RM, Peters M, Cohen MH, Minkoff H, Gange SJ, Thio CL, Young MA, Xue X, Carrington M, Strickler HD. Relation of HLA class I and II supertypes with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. Genes Immun 2013; 14:330-5. [PMID: 23636221 PMCID: PMC3723800 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype has been associated with the probability of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, no prior studies have examined whether this relationship may be further characterized by grouping HLA alleles according to their supertypes, defined by their binding capacities. There is debate regarding the most appropriate method to define supertypes. Therefore, previously reported HLA supertypes (46 class I and 25 class II) were assessed for their relation with HCV clearance in a population of 758 HCV-seropositive women. Two HLA class II supertypes were significant in multivariable models that included: (i) supertypes with significant or borderline associations with HCV clearance after adjustment for multiple tests, and (ii) individual HLA alleles not part of these supertypes, but associated with HCV clearance in our prior study in this population. Specifically, supertype DRB3 (prevalence ratio (PR)=0.4; P=0.004) was associated with HCV persistence, whereas DR8 (PR=1.8; P=0.01) was associated with HCV clearance. Two individual alleles (B*57:01 and C*01:02) associated with HCV clearance in our prior study became nonsignificant in analysis that included supertypes, whereas B*57:03 (PR=1.9; P=0.008) and DRB1*07:01 (PR=1.7; P=0.005) retained their significance. These data provide epidemiologic support for the significance of HLA supertypes in relation to HCV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Kuniholm
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify early determinants of HIV-1 disease progression, which could potentially enable individualized patient treatment, and provide correlates of progression applicable as reference phenotypes to evaluate breakthrough infections in vaccine development. DESIGN High-throughput technologies were employed to interrogate multiple parameters on cryopreserved, retrospective peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 51 individuals from São Paulo, Brazil, obtained within 1 year of diagnosing early Clade B HIV-1 infection. Fast Progressors, Slow Progressors, and Controllers were identified based on a 2-year clinical follow-up. METHODS Phenotypic and functional T-cell parameters were tested by flow cytometry and qPCR to identify potential early determinants of subsequent HIV-1 disease progression. RESULTS Major differences were observed between Controllers and Progressors, especially in cell-associated viral load (CAVL), the differentiation pattern and CD38 expression of CD8 T cells, and the cytokine pattern and activation phenotype of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells. Despite remarkably few other differences between the two Progressor groups, the CAVL had predictive power independent of plasma viral load. CONCLUSION Analysis of three parameters (% CD38 CD8 T cells, total CAVL, % CCR5 CD8 T cells) was sufficient to predict subsequent disease progression (P < 0.001). Use of such prognostic correlates may be crucial when early CD4 T-cell counts and plasma viral load levels fail to discriminate among groups with differing subsequent clinical progression.
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High-dimensional immunomonitoring models of HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses accurately identify subjects achieving spontaneous viral control. Blood 2012; 121:801-11. [PMID: 23233659 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-436295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The development of immunomonitoring models to determine HIV-1 vaccine efficacy is a major challenge. Studies suggest that HIV-1–specific CD8 T cells play a critical role in subjects achieving spontaneous viral control (HIV-1 controllers) and that they will be important in immune interventions. However, no single CD8 T-cell function is uniquely associated with controller status and the heterogeneity of responses targeting different epitopes further complicates the discovery of determinants of protective immunity. In the present study, we describe immunomonitoring models integrating multiple functions of epitope-specific CD8 T cells that distinguish controllers from subjects with treated or untreated progressive infection. Models integrating higher numbers of variables and trained with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) variant of logistic regression and 10-fold cross-validation produce “diagnostic tests” that display an excellent capacity to delineate subject categories. The test accuracy reaches 75% area under the receiving operating characteristic curve in cohorts matched for prevalence of protective alleles. Linear mixed-effects model analyses show that the proliferative capacity, cytokine production, and kinetics of cytokine secretion are associated with HIV-1 control. Although proliferative capacity is the strongest single discriminant, integrated modeling of different dimensions of data leverages individual associations. This strategy may have important applications in predictive model development and immune monitoring of HIV-1 vaccine trials. KEY POINTS Immune monitoring models integrating multiple functions of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells distinguish controllers from subjects with progressive HIV-1 infection. This strategy may have important applications in predictive model development and immune monitoring of HIV-1 vaccine trials.
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21
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Stephens HAF. Immunogenetic surveillance of HIV/AIDS. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1481-91. [PMID: 22575339 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary pressure by viruses is most likely responsible for the extraordinary allelic polymorphism of genes encoding class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Such genetic diversity has functional implications for the immune response to viruses and generates population-based variations in HLA class I allele frequencies and KIR gene profiles. The HIV-1 virus has relatively recently established itself as a major human pathogen, rapidly diversifying into a variety of phylogenetic subtypes or clades (A-G) and recombinants in different populations. HIV-1 clade C is the most common subtype in circulation accounting for 48% of all infections, followed by HIV-1 clades A and B which are responsible for 13% and 11% of infections in the current pandemic, respectively. Candidate gene studies of large cohorts of predominantly HIV-1 clade B but also clades C and A infected patients, have consistently shown significant associations between certain HLA class I alleles namely HLA-B*57, B*58, B*27, B*51 and relatively low viraemia. However, there is evidence that other associations between HLA-B*15, B*18 or B*53 and levels of HIV-1 viraemia are clade-specific. Recent genome-wide association studies of HIV-1 clade B exposed cohorts have confirmed that HLA-B, which is the most polymorphic locus in the human genome, is the major genetic locus contributing to immune control of viraemia. Moreover, the presence of natural killer cell receptors encoded by KIR-3DL1 and 3DS1 genes together with certain HLA class I alleles carrying the KIR target motif Bw4Ile80, provides an enhanced ability to control HIV-1 viraemia in some individuals. It is likely that rapid co-evolution of HIV-1 immune escape variants together with an adjustment of human immune response gene profiles has occurred in some exposed populations. Taken together, immunogenetic surveillance of HIV-1 exposed cohorts has revealed important correlates of natural immunity, which could provide a rational platform for the design and testing of future vaccines aimed at controlling the current AIDS pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A F Stephens
- UCL Centre for Nephrology and the Anthony Nolan Laboratories, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Clinical, virologic, and immunologic correlates of HIV-1 intraclade B dual infection among men who have sex with men. AIDS 2012; 26:157-65. [PMID: 22045341 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32834dcd26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the susceptibilities to and consequences of HIV-1 dual infection. DESIGN We compared clinical, virologic, and immunologic factors between participants who were dually infected with HIV-1 subtype B and monoinfected controls who were matched by ongoing HIV risk factor. METHODS The viral load and CD4 progressions of dually and singly infected participant groups were compared with linear mixed-effects models, and individual dynamics before and after superinfection were assessed with a structural change test (Chow test). Recombination breakpoint analysis (GARD), HLA frequency analysis, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope mapping were also performed (HIV LANL Database). RESULTS The viral loads of dually infected participants increased more over 3 years of follow-up than the viral loads of monoinfected controls, whereas CD4 progressions of the two groups did not differ. Viral escape from CTL responses following superinfection was observed in two participants whose superinfecting strain completely replaced the initial strain. This pattern was not seen among participants whose superinfecting virus persisted in a recombinant form with the initial virus or was only detected transiently. Several HLA types were over-represented in dually infected participants as compared to monoinfected controls. CONCLUSIONS These results identify potential factors for dual infection susceptibility and further define its clinical consequences.
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Paximadis M, Mathebula TY, Gentle NL, Vardas E, Colvin M, Gray CM, Tiemessen CT, Puren A. Human leukocyte antigen class I (A, B, C) and II (DRB1) diversity in the black and Caucasian South African population. Hum Immunol 2011; 73:80-92. [PMID: 22074999 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A cross-section of black and Caucasian South Africans (N = 302) were genotyped at high resolution (class I HLA-A, -B, -C and class II HLA-DRB1). Five new class I alleles (A*30:01:02, A*30:02:02, A*68:27, B*42:06, and B*45:07) and one new confirmatory allele (A*29:11) were identified in the black population. Alleles and haplotypes showed expected differences between the black and Caucasian populations, with the black population, on average, showing a broader spectrum of allele representation (less single allele dominance). The most prevalent alleles at the four loci in the black population were A*30:01, B*58:02, C*06:02, and DRB1*13:01 and in the Caucasian population were A*02:01:01, B*07:02:01, C*07:01, and DRB1*03:01. HLA-B, and HLA-C loci showed the strongest overall linkage disequilibrium (LD) and HLA-B/HLA-C two locus haplotypes also showed the strongest LD (D'(ij)) in both population groups. Bw allotype representation was similar between the two populations; however C allotypes differed significantly (C1 higher representation in Caucasians; C2 higher representation in blacks). HLA-A Supertype family phenotypic frequencies did not differ between the two populations, but four (B08, B27, B58, and B62) HLA-B Supertype families differed significantly. However, vaccine coverage estimation came close to 100% in both population groups, with inclusion of only four Supertype families (A1, A2, B7, B58).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paximadis
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Song W, He D, Brill I, Malhotra R, Mulenga J, Allen S, Hunter E, Tang J, Kaslow RA. Disparate associations of HLA class I markers with HIV-1 acquisition and control of viremia in an African population. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23469. [PMID: 21858133 PMCID: PMC3157381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is mediated by a combination of characteristics of the infectious and the susceptible member of a transmission pair, including human behavioral and genetic factors, as well as viral fitness and tropism. Here we report on the impact of established and potential new HLA class I determinants of heterosexual HIV-1 acquisition in the HIV-1-exposed seronegative (HESN) partners of serodiscordant Zambian couples. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We assessed the relationships of behavioral and clinically documented risk factors, index partner viral load, and host genetic markers to HIV-1 transmission among 568 cohabiting couples followed for at least nine months. We genotyped subjects for three classical HLA class I genes known to influence immune control of HIV-1 infection. From 1995 to December 2006, 240 HESNs seroconverted and 328 remained seronegative. In Cox proportional hazards models, HLA-A*68:02 and the B*42-C*17 haplotype in HESN partners were significantly and independently associated with faster HIV-1 acquisition (relative hazards = 1.57 and 1.55; p = 0.007 and 0.013, respectively) after controlling for other previously established contributing factors in the index partner (viral load and specific class I alleles), in the HESN partner (age, gender), or in the couple (behavioral and clinical risk score). Few if any previously implicated class I markers were associated here with the rate of acquiring infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE A few HLA class I markers showed modest effects on acquisition of HIV-1 subtype C infection in HESN partners of discordant Zambian couples. However, the striking disparity between those few markers and the more numerous, different markers found to determine HIV-1 disease course makes it highly unlikely that, whatever the influence of class I variation on the rate of infection, the mechanism mediating that phenomenon is identical to that involved in disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Dongning He
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ilene Brill
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rakhi Malhotra
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Susan Allen
- Rwanda-Zambia HIV-1 Research Group, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eric Hunter
- Vaccine Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Kaslow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Human leukocyte antigen variants B*44 and B*57 are consistently favorable during two distinct phases of primary HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africans with several viral subtypes. J Virol 2011; 85:8894-902. [PMID: 21715491 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00439-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of an ongoing study of early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in sub-Saharan African countries, we have identified 134 seroconverters (SCs) with distinct acute-phase (peak) and early chronic-phase (set-point) viremias. SCs with class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants B*44 and B*57 had much lower peak viral loads (VLs) than SCs without these variants (adjusted linear regression beta values of -1.08 ± 0.26 log(10) [mean ± standard error] and -0.83 ± 0.27 log(10), respectively; P < 0.005 for both), after accounting for several nongenetic factors, including gender, age at estimated date of infection, duration of infection, and country of origin. These findings were confirmed by alternative models in which major viral subtypes (A1, C, and others) in the same SCs replaced country of origin as a covariate (P ≤ 0.03). Both B*44 and B*57 were also highly favorable (P ≤ 0.03) in analyses of set-point VLs. Moreover, B*44 was associated with relatively high CD4(+) T-cell counts during early chronic infection (P = 0.02). Thus, at least two common HLA-B variants showed strong influences on acute-phase as well as early chronic-phase VL, regardless of the infecting viral subtype. If confirmed, the identification of B*44 as another favorable marker in primary HIV-1 infection should help dissect mechanisms of early immune protection against HIV-1 infection.
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Mester G, Hoffmann V, Stevanović S. Insights into MHC class I antigen processing gained from large-scale analysis of class I ligands. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1521-32. [PMID: 21387142 PMCID: PMC11114492 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Short peptides derived from intracellular proteins and presented on MHC class I molecules on the cell surface serve as a showcase for the immune system to detect pathogenic or malignant alterations inside the cell, and the sequencing and analysis of the presented peptide pool has received considerable attention over the last two decades. In this review, we give a comprehensive presentation of the methods employed for the large-scale qualitative and quantitative analysis of the MHC class I ligandome. Furthermore, we focus on insights gained into the underlying processing pathway, especially involving the roles of the proteasome, the TAP complex, and the peptide specificities and motifs of MHC molecules. The identification of post-translational modifications in MHC ligands and their implications for processing are also considered. Finally, we review the correlations of the ligandome to the proteome and the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Mester
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hoffmann
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Abteilung für Immunologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Lazaryan A, Song W, Lobashevsky E, Tang J, Shrestha S, Zhang K, McNicholl JM, Gardner LI, Wilson CM, Klein RS, Rompalo A, Mayer K, Sobel J, Kaslow RA. The influence of human leukocyte antigen class I alleles and their population frequencies on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 control among African Americans. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:312-8. [PMID: 21262311 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Populations of African ancestry continue to account for a disproportionate burden of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in the United States. We investigated the effects of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I markers in association with virologic and immunologic control of HIV-1 infection among 338 HIV-1 subtype B-infected African Americans in 2 cohorts: Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health (REACH) and HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). One-year treatment-free interval measurements of HIV-1 RNA viral loads and CD4(+) T cells were examined both separately and combined to represent 3 categories of HIV-1 disease control (76 controllers, 169 intermediates, and 93 noncontrollers). Certain previously or newly implicated HLA class I alleles (A*32, A*36, A*74, B*14, B*1510, B*3501, B*45, B*53, B*57, Cw*04, Cw*08, Cw*12, and Cw*18) were associated with 1 or more of the endpoints in univariate analyses. After multivariable adjustments for other genetic and nongenetic risk factors of HIV-1 progression, the subset of alleles more strongly or consistently associated with HIV-1 disease control included A*32, A*74, B*14, B*45, B*53, B*57, and Cw*08. Carriage of infrequent HLA-B but not HLA-A alleles was associated with more favorable disease outcomes. Certain HLA class I associations with control of HIV-1 infection cross the boundaries of race and viral subtype, whereas others appear confined within one or the other of those boundaries.
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Tang J, Malhotra R, Song W, Brill I, Hu L, Farmer PK, Mulenga J, Allen S, Hunter E, Kaslow RA. Human leukocyte antigens and HIV type 1 viral load in early and chronic infection: predominance of evolving relationships. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9629. [PMID: 20224785 PMCID: PMC2835758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During untreated, chronic HIV-1 infection, plasma viral load (VL) is a relatively stable quantitative trait that has clinical and epidemiological implications. Immunogenetic research has established various human genetic factors, especially human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants, as independent determinants of VL set-point. Methodology/Principal Findings To identify and clarify HLA alleles that are associated with either transient or durable immune control of HIV-1 infection, we evaluated the relationships of HLA class I and class II alleles with VL among 563 seroprevalent Zambians (SPs) who were seropositive at enrollment and 221 seroconverters (SCs) who became seropositive during quarterly follow-up visits. After statistical adjustments for non-genetic factors (sex and age), two unfavorable alleles (A*3601 and DRB1*0102) were independently associated with high VL in SPs (p<0.01) but not in SCs. In contrast, favorable HLA variants, mainly A*74, B*13, B*57 (or Cw*18), and one HLA-A and HLA-C combination (A*30+Cw*03), dominated in SCs; their independent associations with low VL were reflected in regression beta estimates that ranged from −0.47±0.23 to −0.92±0.32 log10 in SCs (p<0.05). Except for Cw*18, all favorable variants had diminishing or vanishing association with VL in SPs (p≤0.86). Conclusions/Significance Overall, each of the three HLA class I genes had at least one allele that might contribute to effective immune control, especially during the early course of HIV-1 infection. These observations can provide a useful framework for ongoing analyses of viral mutations induced by protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.
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