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Hou L, Wu Z, Zeng P, Yang X, Shi Y, Guo J, Zhou J, Song J, Liu J. RSAD2 suppresses viral replication by interacting with the Senecavirus A 2 C protein. Vet Res 2024; 55:115. [PMID: 39334325 PMCID: PMC11430333 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging virus that causes blisters on the nose and hooves, reduces the production performance of pigs. RSAD2 is a radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme, and its expression can suppress various viruses due to its broad antiviral activity. However, the regulatory relationship between SVA and RSAD2 and the mechanism of action remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SVA infection increased RSAD2 mRNA levels, whereas RSAD2 expression negatively regulated viral replication, as evidenced by decreased viral VP1 protein expression, viral titres, and infected cell numbers. Viral proteins that interact with RSAD2 were screened, and the interaction between the 2 C protein and RSAD2 was found to be stronger than that between other proteins. Additionally, amino acids (aa) 43-70 of RSAD2 were crucial for interacting with the 2 C protein and played an important role in its anti-SVA activity. RSAD2 was induced by type I interferon (IFN-I) via Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), and had antiviral activity. Ruxolitinib, a JAK-STAT pathway inhibitor, and the knockdown of JAK1 expression substantially reduced RSAD2 expression levels and antiviral activity. Taken together, these results revealed that RSAD2 blocked SVA infection by interacting with the viral 2 C protein and provide a strategy for preventing and controlling SVA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi Wu
- Loudi Livestock, Aquaculture, and Agricultural Machinery Affairs Center, Loudi, China
| | - Penghui Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Liang T, Zhang Z, Bai Z, Xu L, Xu W. STAT3 Increases CVB3 Replication and Acute Pancreatitis and Myocarditis Pathology via Impeding Nuclear Translocation of STAT1 and Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9007. [PMID: 39201692 PMCID: PMC11354559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease initiated by the death of exocrine acinar cells, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a multifunctional factor that regulates immunity and the inflammatory response. The protective role of STAT3 is reported in Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced cardiac fibrosis, yet the exact role of STAT3 in modulating viral-induced STAT1 activation and type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) transcription in the pancreas remains unclarified. In this study, we tested whether STAT3 regulated viral-induced STAT1 translocation. We found that CVB3, particularly capsid VP1 protein, markedly upregulated the phosphorylation and nuclear import of STAT3 (p-STAT3) while it significantly impeded the nuclear translocation of p-STAT1 in the pancreases and hearts of mice on day 3 postinfection (p.i.). Immunoblotting and an immunofluorescent assay demonstrated the increased expression and nuclear translocation of p-STAT3 but a blunted p-STAT1 nuclear translocation in CVB3-infected acinar 266-6 cells. STAT3 shRNA knockdown or STAT3 inhibitors reduced viral replication via the rescue of STAT1 nuclear translocation and increasing the ISRE activity and ISG transcription in vitro. The knockdown of STAT1 blocked the antiviral effect of the STAT3 inhibitor. STAT3 inhibits STAT1 activation by virally inducing a potent inhibitor of IFN signaling, the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 ((SOCS)-3). Sustained pSTAT1 and the elevated expression of ISGs were induced in SOCS3 knockdown cells. The in vivo administration of HJC0152, a pharmaceutical STAT3 inhibitor, mitigated the viral-induced AP and myocarditis pathology via increasing the IFNβ as well as ISG expression on day 3 p.i. and reducing the viral load in multi-organs. These findings define STAT3 as a negative regulator of the type I IFN response via impeding the nuclear STAT1 translocation that otherwise triggers ISG induction in infected pancreases and hearts. Our findings identify STAT3 as an antagonizing factor of the IFN-STAT1 signaling pathway and provide a potential therapeutic target for viral-induced AP and myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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3
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Chaumont L, Jouneau L, Huetz F, van Muilekom DR, Peruzzi M, Raffy C, Le Hir J, Minke J, Boudinot P, Collet B. Unexpected regulatory functions of cyprinid Viperin on inflammation and metabolism. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:650. [PMID: 38951796 PMCID: PMC11218377 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viperin, also known as radical S-adenosyl-methionine domain containing protein 2 (RSAD2), is an interferon-inducible protein that is involved in the innate immune response against a wide array of viruses. In mammals, Viperin exerts its antiviral function through enzymatic conversion of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) into its antiviral analog ddhCTP as well as through interactions with host proteins involved in innate immune signaling and in metabolic pathways exploited by viruses during their life cycle. However, how Viperin modulates the antiviral response in fish remains largely unknown. RESULTS For this purpose, we developed a fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) clonal cell line in which the unique viperin gene has been knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing. In order to decipher the contribution of fish Viperin to the antiviral response and its regulatory role beyond the scope of the innate immune response, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis of viperin-/- and wildtype cell lines upon stimulation with recombinant fathead minnow type I interferon. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that Viperin does not exert positive feedback on the canonical type I IFN but acts as a negative regulator of the inflammatory response by downregulating specific pro-inflammatory genes and upregulating repressors of the NF-κB pathway. It also appeared to play a role in regulating metabolic processes, including one carbon metabolism, bone formation, extracellular matrix organization and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Chaumont
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Huetz
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR 1222 INSERM, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Mathilde Peruzzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bertrand Collet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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4
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Abdel-Haq H. Feasibility of Using a Type I IFN-Based Non-Animal Approach to Predict Vaccine Efficacy and Safety Profiles. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:583. [PMID: 38932312 PMCID: PMC11209158 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-based tests are used for the control of vaccine quality. However, because highly purified and safe vaccines are now available, alternative approaches that can replace or reduce animal use for the assessment of vaccine outcomes must be established. In vitro tests for vaccine quality control exist and have already been implemented. However, these tests are specifically designed for some next-generation vaccines, and this makes them not readily available for testing other vaccines. Therefore, universal non-animal tests are still needed. Specific signatures of the innate immune response could represent a promising approach to predict the outcome of vaccines by non-animal methods. Type I interferons (IFNs) have multiple immunomodulatory activities, which are exerted through effectors called interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), and are one of the most important immune signatures that might provide potential candidate molecular biomarkers for this purpose. This paper will mainly examine if this idea might be feasible by analyzing all relevant published studies that have provided type I IFN-related biomarkers for evaluating the safety and efficacy profiles of vaccines using an advanced transcriptomic approach as an alternative to the animal methods. Results revealed that such an approach could potentially provide biomarkers predictive of vaccine outcomes after addressing some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Abdel-Haq
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Hayderi A, Kumawat AK, Shavva VS, Dreifaldt M, Sigvant B, Petri MH, Kragsterman B, Olofsson PS, Sirsjö A, Ljungberg LU. RSAD2 is abundant in atherosclerotic plaques and promotes interferon-induced CXCR3-chemokines in human smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8196. [PMID: 38589444 PMCID: PMC11001978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerotic lesions, monocyte-derived macrophages are major source of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a pleotropic cytokine known to regulate the expression of numerous genes, including the antiviral gene RSAD2. While RSAD2 was reported to be expressed in endothelial cells of human carotid lesions, its significance for the development of atherosclerosis remains utterly unknown. Here, we harnessed publicly available human carotid atherosclerotic data to explore RSAD2 in lesions and employed siRNA-mediated gene-knockdown to investigate its function in IFN-γ-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMCs). Silencing RSAD2 in IFN-γ-stimulated hAoSMCs resulted in reduced expression and secretion of key CXCR3-chemokines, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Conditioned medium from RSAD2-deficient hAoSMCs exhibited diminished monocyte attraction in vitro compared to conditioned medium from control cells. Furthermore, RSAD2 transcript was elevated in carotid lesions where it was expressed by several different cell types, including endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Interestingly, RSAD2 displayed significant correlations with CXCL10 (r = 0.45, p = 0.010) and CXCL11 (r = 0.53, p = 0.002) in human carotid lesions. Combining our findings, we uncover a novel role for RSAD2 in hAoSMCs, which could potentially contribute to monocyte recruitment in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assim Hayderi
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Ashok K Kumawat
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Vladimir S Shavva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Dreifaldt
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vascular Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Sigvant
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, Region Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Marcelo H Petri
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vascular Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Björn Kragsterman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Västmanlands Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Er-Lukowiak M, Hänzelmann S, Rothe M, Moamenpour DT, Hausmann F, Khatri R, Hansen C, Boldt J, Bärreiter VA, Honecker B, Bea A, Groneberg M, Fehling H, Marggraff C, Cadar D, Bonn S, Sellau J, Lotter H. Testosterone affects type I/type II interferon response of neutrophils during hepatic amebiasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279245. [PMID: 38179044 PMCID: PMC10764495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Differences in immune response between men and women may influence the outcome of infectious diseases. Intestinal infection with Entamoeba histolytica leads to hepatic amebiasis, which is more common in males. Previously, we reported that innate immune cells contribute to liver damage in males in the murine model for hepatic amebiasis. Here, we focused on the influences of sex and androgens on neutrophils in particular. Infection associated with neutrophil accumulation in the liver was higher in male than in female mice and further increased after testosterone treatment in both sexes. Compared with female neutrophils, male neutrophils exhibit a more immature and less activated status, as evidenced by a lower proinflammatory N1-like phenotype and deconvolution, decreased gene expression of type I and type II interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) as well as downregulation of signaling pathways related to neutrophil activation. Neutrophils from females showed higher protein expression of the type I ISG viperin/RSAD2 during infection, which decreased by testosterone substitution. Moreover, ex vivo stimulation of human neutrophils revealed lower production of RSAD2 in neutrophils from men compared with women. These findings indicate that sex-specific effects on neutrophil physiology associated with maturation and type I IFN responsiveness might be important in the outcome of hepatic amebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Er-Lukowiak
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hänzelmann
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligenc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Rothe
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David T. Moamenpour
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Hausmann
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligenc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Khatri
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligenc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hansen
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Boldt
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valentin A. Bärreiter
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Honecker
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Bea
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Groneberg
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helena Fehling
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Marggraff
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dániel Cadar
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligenc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julie Sellau
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Lotter
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Huang L, Zhu X, Kuang J, Li B, Yu Q, Liu M, Li B, Guo H, Li P. Molecular and functional characterization of viperin in golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109098. [PMID: 37758099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 (RSAD2), also known as viperin, plays a momentous and multifaceted role in antiviral immunity. However, the function of viperin is uninvestigated in golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus. In the present study, a viperin homolog, named To-viperin, was cloned and characterized from golden pompano, and its role in response to grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection was investigated. The whole open reading frame (ORF) of To-viperin was composed of 1050 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 349 amino acids with 70.66%-83.51% identity with the known viperin homologs from other fish species. A variable N-terminal domain, a highly conserved C-terminal domain, and a conserved middle radical SAM domain (aa 61-271) with the three-cysteine motif CxxCxxC was found in To-viperin sequence. Expression analysis showed that To-viperin was constitutively expressed in all tested organs and was located mainly in the ER of golden pompano cells. Treatments with SGIV, poly I: C, or NNV could induce the up-regulation of viperin to varying degrees. The ectopic expression of To-viperin in vitro significantly reduced the viral titer of SGIV and NNV. Furthermore, To-viperin overexpression enhanced the expression of IFNc, IRF3, and ISG15 genes as well as, to a lesser extent, the IL-6 gene. In summary, our results suggested that the function of viperin is likely to be conserved in fish specise, as observed in other vertebrates, shedding light on the evolutionary conservation of viperin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Jihui Kuang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, PR China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Bohuan Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, PR China
| | - Bingzheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, PR China; College of Food Science and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Hui Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China; College of Food Science and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, PR China.
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8
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Safi R, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bosch M, Demangel C, Parton RG, Pol A. Defensive-lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:113-136. [PMID: 36960679 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they "hijack" LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic "Achilles' heel" of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front-line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the 'defensive-LDs' functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Hu H, Feng Y, He ML. Targeting Type I Interferon Induction and Signaling: How Zika Virus Escapes from Host Innate Immunity. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3015-3028. [PMID: 37416780 PMCID: PMC10321277 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes neurological disorders and draws great attention. ZIKV infection can elicit a wide range of immune response. Type I interferons (IFNs) as well as its signaling cascade play crucial role in innate immunity against ZIKV infection and in turn ZIKV can antagonize them. ZIKV genome are mainly recognized by Toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3), TLR7/8 and RIG-I-like receptor 1 (RIG-1), which induces the expression of Type I IFNs and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). ISGs exert antiviral activity at different stages of the ZIKV life cycle. On the other hand, ZIKV takes multiple strategies to antagonize the Type Ⅰ IFN induction and its signaling pathway to establish a pathogenic infection, especially by using the viral nonstructural (NS) proteins. Most of the NS proteins can directly interact with the factors in the pathways to escape the innate immunity. In addition, structural proteins also participate in the innate immune evasion and activation of antibody-binding of blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA2) or inflammasome also be used to enhance ZIKV replication. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about the interaction between ZIKV infection and type I IFNs pathways and suggest potential strategies for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaxiu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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10
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Marušić M, Kopitar AN, Korva M, Knap N, Bogovič P, Strle F, Ihan A, Avšič-Županc T. Dendritic cell activation and cytokine response in vaccine breakthrough TBE patients after in vitro stimulation with TBEV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190803. [PMID: 37261350 PMCID: PMC10228714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection of the human central nervous system caused by the TBE virus (TBEV). The most effective protective measure against TBE is vaccination. Despite the highly immunogenic vaccine, cases of vaccine breakthroughs (VBTs) occur. One of the first targets of infection is dendritic cells (DC), which represent a fundamental bridge between innate and adaptive immunity through antigen presentation, costimulation, and cytokine production. Therefore, we investigated the activation and maturation of DCs and cytokine production after in vitro TBEV stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from VBT and unvaccinated TBE patients. Our results showed that the expression of HLA-DR and CD86 on DCs, was upregulated to a similar extent in both vaccinated and unvaccinated TBE patients but differed in cytokine production after stimulation with TBEV. PBMCs from patients with VBT TBE responded with lower levels of IFN-α and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12 (p70) and IL-15 after 24- and 48-hour in vitro stimulation with TBEV, possibly facilitating viral replication and influencing the development of cell-mediated immunity. On the other hand, significantly higher levels of IL-6 in addition to an observed trend of higher expression of TNF-α measured after 6 days of in vitro stimulation of PBMC could support disruption of the blood-brain barrier and promote viral and immune cell influx into the CNS, leading to more severe disease in VBT TBE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miša Marušić
- Laboratory for Diagnostics of Zoonoses and World Health Organisation (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Nataša Kopitar
- Laboratory for Cellular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miša Korva
- Laboratory for Diagnostics of Zoonoses and World Health Organisation (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Knap
- Laboratory for Diagnostics of Zoonoses and World Health Organisation (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Bogovič
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Strle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Laboratory for Cellular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Laboratory for Diagnostics of Zoonoses and World Health Organisation (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Chotiwan N, Rosendal E, Willekens SMA, Schexnaydre E, Nilsson E, Lindqvist R, Hahn M, Mihai IS, Morini F, Zhang J, Ebel GD, Carlson LA, Henriksson J, Ahlgren U, Marcellino D, Överby AK. Type I interferon shapes brain distribution and tropism of tick-borne flavivirus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2007. [PMID: 37037810 PMCID: PMC10086010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral tropism within the brain and the role(s) of vertebrate immune response to neurotropic flaviviruses infection is largely understudied. We combine multimodal imaging (cm-nm scale) with single nuclei RNA-sequencing to study Langat virus in wildtype and interferon alpha/beta receptor knockout (Ifnar-/-) mice to visualize viral pathogenesis and define molecular mechanisms. Whole brain viral infection is imaged by Optical Projection Tomography coregistered to ex vivo MRI. Infection is limited to grey matter of sensory systems in wildtype mice, but extends into white matter, meninges and choroid plexus in Ifnar-/- mice. Cells in wildtype display strong type I and II IFN responses, likely due to Ifnb expressing astrocytes, infiltration of macrophages and Ifng-expressing CD8+ NK cells, whereas in Ifnar-/-, the absence of this response contributes to a shift in cellular tropism towards non-activated resident microglia. Multimodal imaging-transcriptomics exemplifies a powerful way to characterize mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunya Chotiwan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand.
| | - Ebba Rosendal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefanie M A Willekens
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erin Schexnaydre
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Max Hahn
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ionut Sebastian Mihai
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Department of Molecular biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Företagsforskarskolan, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Federico Morini
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lars-Anders Carlson
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Henriksson
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Department of Molecular biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Marcellino
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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12
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Hao J, Li J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Wu T, Chen T, Wu Z, Zhang P, Cui J, Li YP. NLRC5 restricts dengue virus infection by promoting the autophagic degradation of viral NS3 through E3 ligase CUL2 (cullin 2). Autophagy 2023; 19:1332-1347. [PMID: 36126167 PMCID: PMC10012957 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2126614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRC5 has been reported to be involved in antiviral immunity; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the functional role of NLRC5 in the infection of a flavivirus, dengue virus (DENV). We found that the expression of NLRC5 was strongly induced by virus infection and IFNB or IFNG stimulation in different cell lines. Overexpression of NLRC5 remarkably suppressed DENV infection, whereas knockout of NLRC5 led to a significant increase in DENV infection. Mechanistic study revealed that NLRC5 interacted with the viral nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) protease domain and mediated degradation of NS3 through a ubiquitin-dependent selective macroautophagy/autophagy pathway. We demonstrated that NLRC5 recruited the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL2 (cullin 2) to catalyze K48-linked poly-ubiquitination of the NS3 protease domain, which subsequently served as a recognition signal for cargo receptor TOLLIP-mediated selective autophagic degradation. Together, we have demonstrated that NLRC5 exerted an antiviral effect by mediating the degradation of a multifunctional protein of DENV, providing a novel antiviral signal axis of NLRC5-CUL2-NS3-TOLLIP. This study expands our understanding of the regulatory network of NLRC5 in the host defense against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hao
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqian Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongling Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Sui L, Zhao Y, Wang W, Chi H, Tian T, Wu P, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Wei ZK, Hou Z, Zhou G, Wang G, Wang Z, Liu Q. Flavivirus prM interacts with MDA5 and MAVS to inhibit RLR antiviral signaling. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:9. [PMID: 36639652 PMCID: PMC9837762 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne flaviviruses, including tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), pose a growing threat to public health worldwide, and have evolved complex mechanisms to overcome host antiviral innate immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms of flavivirus structural proteins to evade host immune response remain elusive. RESULTS We showed that TBEV structural protein, pre-membrane (prM) protein, could inhibit type I interferon (IFN-I) production. Mechanically, TBEV prM interacted with both MDA5 and MAVS and interfered with the formation of MDA5-MAVS complex, thereby impeding the nuclear translocation and dimerization of IRF3 to inhibit RLR antiviral signaling. ZIKV and WNV prM was also demonstrated to interact with both MDA5 and MAVS, while dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) and YFV prM associated only with MDA5 or MAVS to suppress IFN-I production. In contrast, JEV prM could not suppress IFN-I production. Overexpression of TBEV and ZIKV prM significantly promoted the replication of TBEV and Sendai virus. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal the immune evasion mechanisms of flavivirus prM, which may contribute to understanding flavivirus pathogenicity, therapeutic intervention and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Sui
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinghua Zhao
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenfang Wang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmiao Chi
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian Tian
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Wu
- grid.412246.70000 0004 1789 9091College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng-Kai Wei
- grid.443369.f0000 0001 2331 8060School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- grid.412246.70000 0004 1789 9091College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- grid.482450.f0000 0004 8514 6702The Biological safety level-3 Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zedong Wang
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Liu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China ,grid.443369.f0000 0001 2331 8060School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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14
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Ji Y, Wei L, Da A, Stark H, Hagedoorn PL, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Cowley SA, Louro RO, Todorovic S, Mroginski MA, Nicolet Y, Roessler MM, Le Brun NE, Piccioli M, James WS, Hagen WR, Ebrahimi KH. Radical-SAM dependent nucleotide dehydratase (SAND), rectification of the names of an ancient iron-sulfur enzyme using NC-IUBMB recommendations. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1032220. [PMID: 36387278 PMCID: PMC9642334 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1032220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ji
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anqi Da
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Simone Ciofi-Baffoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Florence, and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sally A. Cowley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo O. Louro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República–EAN, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República–EAN, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Maxie M. Roessler
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick E. Le Brun
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Piccioli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Florence, and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - William S. James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wilfred R. Hagen
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Kourosh H. Ebrahimi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Antiviral Effect of hBD-3 and LL-37 during Human Primary Keratinocyte Infection with West Nile Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071552. [PMID: 35891533 PMCID: PMC9319560 DOI: 10.3390/v14071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging flavivirus transmitted through mosquito bites and responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations. Following their inoculation within the skin, flaviviruses replicate in keratinocytes of the epidermis, inducing an innate immune response including the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Among them, the cathelicidin LL-37 and the human beta-defensin (hBD)-3 are known for their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. We assessed their role during WNV infection of human primary keratinocytes. LL-37 reduced the viral load in the supernatant of infected keratinocytes and of the titer of a viral inoculum incubated in the presence of the peptide, suggesting a direct antiviral effect of this AMP. Conversely, WNV replication was not inhibited by hBD-3. The two peptides then demonstrated immunomodulatory properties whether in the context of keratinocyte stimulation by poly(I:C) or infection by WNV, but not alone. This study demonstrates the immunostimulatory properties of these two skin AMPs at the initial site of WNV replication and the ability of LL-37 to directly inactivate West Nile viral infectious particles. The results provide new information on the multiple functions of these two peptides and underline the potential of AMPs as new antiviral strategies in the fight against flaviviral infections.
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16
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Patel AM, Koebke KJ, Grunkemeyer TJ, Riordan CM, Kim Y, Bailey RC, Marsh ENG. Purification of the full-length, membrane-associated form of the antiviral enzyme viperin utilizing nanodiscs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11909. [PMID: 35831548 PMCID: PMC9279394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viperin is a radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the antiviral ribonucleotide, 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydroCTP. The enzyme is conserved across all kingdoms of life, and in higher animals viperin is localized to the ER-membrane and lipid droplets through an N-terminal extension that forms an amphipathic helix. Evidence suggests that the N-terminal extension plays an important role in viperin's interactions with other membrane proteins. These interactions serve to modulate the activity of various other enzymes that are important for viral replication and constitute another facet of viperin's antiviral properties, distinct from its catalytic activity. However, the full-length form of the enzyme, which has proved refractory to expression in E. coli, has not been previously purified. Here we report the purification of the full-length form of viperin from HEK293T cells transfected with viperin. The purification method utilizes nanodiscs to maintain the protein in its membrane-bound state. Unexpectedly, the enzyme exhibits significantly lower catalytic activity once purified, suggesting that interactions with other ER-membrane components may be important to maintain viperin's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha M Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karl J Koebke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Colleen M Riordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - E Neil G Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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17
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Reslan A, Haddad JG, Desprès P, Bascands JL, Gadea G. High Glucose Induces in HK2 Kidney Cells an IFN–Dependent ZIKV Antiviral Status Fueled by Viperin. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071577. [PMID: 35884880 PMCID: PMC9313244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that rapidly became a major medical concern worldwide. We have recently reported that a high glucose level decreases the rate of Zika virus (ZIKV) replication with an impact on human kidney HK-2 cell survival. However, the mechanisms by which cells cultured in a high glucose medium inhibit ZIKV growth remain unclear. Viperin belongs to interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) and its expression is highly up-regulated upon viral infection, leading to antiviral activity against a variety of viruses, including flaviviruses. As such, viperin has been shown to be a major actor involved in the innate immune response against Zika virus (ZIKV). Our present study aims to further characterize the involvement of viperin in ZIKV growth inhibition under high glucose concentration (HK-2HGC). We show for the first time that endogenous viperin is over-expressed in HK-2 cells cultured under high glucose concentration (HK-2HGC), which is associated with ZIKV growth inhibition. Viperin knockdown in HK-2HGC rescues ZIKV growth. In addition, our results emphasize that up-regulated viperin in HK-2HGC leads to ZIKV growth inhibition through the stimulation of IFN-β production. In summary, our work provides new insights into the ZIKV growth inhibition mechanism observed in HK-2 cells cultured in a high glucose environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alawiya Reslan
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (A.R.); (J.G.H.); (P.D.)
- Unité Mixte Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1188, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Juliano G. Haddad
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (A.R.); (J.G.H.); (P.D.)
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (A.R.); (J.G.H.); (P.D.)
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Unité Mixte Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1188, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Correspondence: (J.-L.B.); (G.G.); Tel.: +262-262-938-806 (G.G.)
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (A.R.); (J.G.H.); (P.D.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, IRCM, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (J.-L.B.); (G.G.); Tel.: +262-262-938-806 (G.G.)
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18
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Gao Y, Tai W, Wang X, Jiang S, Debnath AK, Du L, Chen S. A gossypol derivative effectively protects against Zika and dengue virus infection without toxicity. BMC Biol 2022; 20:143. [PMID: 35706035 PMCID: PMC9202104 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) cause microcephaly and dengue hemorrhagic fever, respectively, leading to severe problems. No effective antiviral agents are approved against infections of these flaviviruses, calling for the need to develop potent therapeutics. We previously identified gossypol as an effective inhibitor against ZIKV and DENV infections, but this compound is toxic and not suitable for in vivo treatment. Results In this study, we showed that gossypol derivative ST087010 exhibited potent and broad-spectrum in vitro inhibitory activity against infections of at least ten ZIKV strains isolated from different hosts, time periods, and countries, as well as DENV-1-4 serotypes, and significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared to gossypol. It presented broad-spectrum in vivo protective efficacy, protecting ZIKV-infected Ifnar1−/− mice from lethal challenge, with increased survival and reduced weight loss. Ifnar1−/− mice treated with this gossypol derivative decreased viral titers in various tissues, including the brain and testis, after infection with ZIKV at different human isolates. Moreover, ST087010 potently blocked ZIKV vertical transmission in pregnant Ifnar1−/− mice, preventing ZIKV-caused fetal death, and it was safe for pregnant mice and their pups. It also protected DENV-2-challenged Ifnar1−/− mice against viral replication by reducing the viral titers in the brain, kidney, heart, and sera. Conclusions Overall, our data indicate the potential for further development of this gossypol derivative as an effective and safe broad-spectrum therapeutic agent to treat ZIKV and DENV diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01344-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Gao
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wanbo Tai
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Asim K Debnath
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Shizhong Chen
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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19
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Current Status of Genetically Modified Pigs That Are Resistant to Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020417. [PMID: 35216010 PMCID: PMC8874825 DOI: 10.3390/v14020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs play an important role in agriculture and biomedicine. The globally developing swine industry must address the challenges presented by swine-origin viruses, including ASFV (African swine fever virus), PRRSV (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus), PEDV (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), PRV (pseudorabies virus), CSFV (classical swine fever virus), TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus), et al. Despite sustained efforts by many government authorities, these viruses are still widespread. Currently, gene-editing technology has been successfully used to generate antiviral pigs, which offers the possibility for increasing animal disease tolerance and improving animal economic traits in the future. Here, we summarized the current advance in knowledge regarding the host factors in virus infection and the current status of genetically modified pigs that are resistant to virus infection in the world. There has not been any report on PEDV-resistant pigs, ASFV-resistant pigs, and PRV-resistant pigs owing to the poor understanding of the key host factors in virus infection. Furthermore, we summarized the remaining problems in producing virus-resistant pigs, and proposed several potential methods to solve them. Using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening to explore the key host receptors in virus infection may be a feasible method. At the same time, exploring the key amino acids of host factors in virus infection with library screening based on ABEs and CBEs (Bes) may provide creative insight into producing antiviral pigs in the future.
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20
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INMI1 Zika Virus NS4B Antagonizes the Interferon Signaling by Suppressing STAT1 Phosphorylation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122448. [PMID: 34960717 PMCID: PMC8705506 DOI: 10.3390/v13122448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The evasion of the Interferon response has important implications in Zika virus (ZIKV) disease. Mutations in ZIKV viral protein NS4B, associated with modulation of the interferon (IFN) system, have been linked to increased pathogenicity in animal models. In this study, we unravel ZIKV NS4B as antagonist of the IFN signaling cascade. Firstly, we reported the genomic characterization of NS4B isolated from a strain of the 2016 outbreak, ZIKV Brazil/2016/INMI1, and we predicted its membrane topology. Secondly, we analyzed its phylogenetic correlation with other flaviviruses, finding a high similarity with dengue virus 2 (DEN2) strains; in particular, the highest conservation was found when NS4B was aligned with the IFN inhibitory domain of DEN2 NS4B. Hence, we asked whether ZIKV NS4B was also able to inhibit the IFN signaling cascade, as reported for DEN2 NS4B. Our results showed that ZIKV NS4B was able to strongly inhibit the IFN stimulated response element and the IFN-γ-activated site transcription, blocking IFN-I/-II responses. mRNA expression levels of the IFN stimulated genes ISG15 and OAS1 were also strongly reduced in presence of NS4B. We found that the viral protein was acting by suppressing the STAT1 phosphorylation and consequently blocking the nuclear transport of both STAT1 and STAT2.
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21
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Transcriptomic Characterization Reveals Attributes of High Influenza Virus Productivity in MDCK Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112200. [PMID: 34835006 PMCID: PMC8620111 DOI: 10.3390/v13112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line is among the most commonly used cell lines for the production of influenza virus vaccines. As cell culture-based manufacturing is poised to replace egg-based processes, increasing virus production is of paramount importance. To shed light on factors affecting virus productivity, we isolated a subline, H1, which had twice the influenza virus A (IAV) productivity of the parent (P) through cell cloning, and characterized H1 and P in detail on both physical and molecular levels. Transcriptome analysis revealed that within a few hours after IAV infection, viral mRNAs constituted over one fifth of total mRNA, with several viral genes more highly expressed in H1 than P. Functional analysis of the transcriptome dynamics showed that H1 and P responded similarly to IAV infection, and were both subjected to host shutoff and inflammatory responses. Importantly, H1 was more active in translation and RNA processing intrinsically and after infection. Furthermore, H1 had more subdued inflammatory and antiviral responses. Taken together, we postulate that the high productivity of IAV hinges on the balance between suppression of host functions to divert cellular resources and the sustaining of sufficient activities for virus replication. Mechanistic insights into virus productivity can facilitate the process optimization and cell line engineering for advancing influenza vaccine manufacturing.
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22
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Kaikai H, Zhao D, Liu Y, Liu Q, Huang X, Yang J, Zhang L, Li Y. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM25 Inhibits Tembusu Virus Replication in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:722113. [PMID: 34595229 PMCID: PMC8476877 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.722113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a newly emerging pathogenic flavivirus that has caused significant economic losses to the duck industry in China since 2010 due to egg production losses and neurological dysfunction. DTMUV is a public health concern because the infection spreads rapidly among birds. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)serves as an innate immune sensor and plays a key role in host antiviral defenses. Tripartite motif-containing protein 25 (TRIM25), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is pivotal for RIG-I ubiquitination and activation. In addition, TRIM25 acts as an interferon-stimulated gene and mediates the antiviral activity. However, the effect of duck TRIM25 on DTMUV has not been assessed. Herein, we reportthe antiviral function of TRIM25 against DTMUV. First, we constructed the pcDNA3.1-c-myc-duTRIM25 plasmid. TRIM25 has a 2052 bp open reading frame that encodes a predicted 684 amino acid protein consisting of a RING finger domain, a B-box domain, a coiled-coil domain, and a PRY/SPRY domain. The protein sequence identity with chicken, mouse, and human TRIM25 is 69.7, 47.8, and 48.3%, respectively. TRIM25 was upregulated in BHK-21 cells, duck embryo fibroblasts, and 293T cellsupon DTMUV infection. The expression of viral RNA and proteins was significantly lower in cells over expressing TRIM25 than in control cells. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated silencing of TRIM25 increased the production of viral progeny. These results help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the host response to DTMUV infection and suggest potential control measures for DTMUV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Kaikai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Mou CY, Li S, Lu LF, Wang Y, Yu P, Li Z, Tong JF, Zhang QY, Wang ZW, Zhang XJ, Wang GX, Zhou L, Gui JF. Divergent Antiviral Mechanisms of Two Viperin Homeologs in a Recurrent Polyploid Fish. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702971. [PMID: 34531856 PMCID: PMC8438203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy and subsequent diploidization provide genomic opportunities for evolutionary innovations and adaptation. The researches on duplicated gene evolutionary fates in recurrent polyploids have seriously lagged behind that in paleopolyploids with diploidized genomes. Moreover, the antiviral mechanisms of Viperin remain largely unclear in fish. Here, we elaborate the distinct antiviral mechanisms of two viperin homeologs (Cgviperin-A and Cgviperin-B) in auto-allo-hexaploid gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). First, Cgviperin-A and Cgviperin-B showed differential and biased expression patterns in gibel carp adult tissues. Subsequently, using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) screening analysis, both CgViperin-A and CgViperin-B were found to interact with crucian carp (C. auratus) herpesvirus (CaHV) open reading frame 46 right (ORF46R) protein, a negative herpesvirus regulator of host interferon (IFN) production, and to promote the proteasomal degradation of ORF46R via decreasing K63-linked ubiquitination. Additionally, CgViperin-B also mediated ORF46R degradation through autophagosome pathway, which was absent in CgViperin-A. Moreover, we found that the N-terminal α-helix domain was necessary for the localization of CgViperin-A and CgViperin-B at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the C-terminal domain of CgViperin-A and CgViperin-B was indispensable for the interaction with degradation of ORF46R. Therefore, the current findings clarify the divergent antiviral mechanisms of the duplicated viperin homeologs in a recurrent polyploid fish, which will shed light on the evolution of teleost duplicated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yan Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Feng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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24
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Jayachandran B, Chanda K, Balamurali MM. Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics of Infectious Diseases: Dengue and Zika. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22487-22496. [PMID: 34514221 PMCID: PMC8427640 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of more virulent SARS virus has made scientists look back at other so-called neglected diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, etc. Until recently these neglected diseases have not received much attention for their control or elimination from society. Over the past decade several attempts to investigate the pathogenicity, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for flavivirus caused diseases have been made. Herein we have reviewed the progress made toward the detection and treatment of two diseases-dengue and Zika. The above flavivirus related pathogenesis is concerned with the host immune system and known to be mediated through various receptors along with antibody-mediated disease enhancement. Moreover, researchers have been progressing toward discovering new drugs and therapeutic methods that target various stages of the flavivirus life cycle to minimize the above caused mortality and morbidity. The available diagnostics are based on serological, small molecule detection systems and point-of-care sensing devices. In this work, we have reviewed the advancements made toward understanding the pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics of the viral diseases caused by dengue and Zika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindha Jayachandran
- Chemistry
Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore
Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai 600 127, Tamil
Nadu, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
- (K.C.)
| | - Musuvathi Motilal Balamurali
- Chemistry
Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore
Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai 600 127, Tamil
Nadu, India
- (M.M.B.)
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25
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Fanunza E, Carletti F, Quartu M, Grandi N, Ermellino L, Milia J, Corona A, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, Tramontano E. Zika virus NS2A inhibits interferon signaling by degradation of STAT1 and STAT2. Virulence 2021; 12:1580-1596. [PMID: 34338586 PMCID: PMC8331042 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1935613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Interferon (IFN) response is crucial to restrain pathogenic infections. Investigations into flavivirus-host interactions reported that the high virulence is linked to innate immune evasion. Zika Virus (ZIKV) has developed diversified strategies to evade the innate immune system. We report that the viral protein NS2A counteracts the IFN response by strongly suppressing the IFN signaling. NS2A targets transcription factors STAT1 and STAT2, to impede their nuclear localization, thereby suppressing the transcription of ISRE promoter and IFN-stimulated genes. We found that NS2A promotes degradation of STAT1 and STAT2. Treatment of NS2A transfected cells with MG132 restores the levels of both transcription factors, suggesting the involvement of the proteasome system. Given the impact that the IFN antagonism has on flavivirus virulence, the knowledge gained by characterizing the mechanism through which ZIKV evades the IFN response paves the ground for new strategies to attenuate the pathogenesis and to develop countermeasures against effective pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fanunza
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Nicole Grandi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Laura Ermellino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jessica Milia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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26
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Ghita L, Breitkopf V, Mulenge F, Pavlou A, Gern OL, Durán V, Prajeeth CK, Kohls M, Jung K, Stangel M, Steffen I, Kalinke U. Sequential MAVS and MyD88/TRIF signaling triggers anti-viral responses of tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected murine astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2478-2492. [PMID: 34296786 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is typically transmitted upon tick bite and can cause meningitis and encephalitis in humans. In TBEV-infected mice, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), the downstream adaptor of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling, is needed to induce early type I interferon (IFN) responses and to confer protection. To characterize the brain-resident cell subset that produces protective IFN-β in TBEV-infected mice, we isolated neurons, astrocytes, and microglia from mice and exposed these cell types to TBEV in vitro. Under such conditions, neurons showed the highest percentage of infected cells, whereas astrocytes and microglia were infected to a lesser extent. In the supernatant (SN) of infected neurons, IFN-β was not detectable, while infected astrocytes showed high and microglia low IFN-β expression. Transcriptome analyses of astrocytes implied that MAVS signaling was needed early after TBEV infection. Accordingly, MAVS-deficient astrocytes showed enhanced TBEV infection and significantly reduced early IFN-β responses. Nevertheless, at later time points, moderate amounts of IFN-β were detected in the SN of infected MAVS-deficient astrocytes. Transcriptome analyses indicated that MAVS deficiency negatively affected the induction of early anti-viral responses, which resulted in significantly increased TBEV replication. Treatment with MyD88 and TRIF inhibiting peptides reduced only late IFN-β responses of TBEV-infected WT astrocytes and blocked entirely IFN-β responses of infected MAVS-deficient astrocytes. Thus, upon TBEV exposure of brain-resident cells, astrocytes are important IFN-β producers showing biphasic IFN-β induction that initially depends on MAVS and later on MyD88/TRIF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ghita
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Breitkopf
- Institute for Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Mulenge
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olivia Luise Gern
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verónica Durán
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Kohls
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Imke Steffen
- Institute for Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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27
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Sarkar R, Nandi S, Lo M, Gope A, Chawla-Sarkar M. Viperin, an IFN-Stimulated Protein, Delays Rotavirus Release by Inhibiting Non-Structural Protein 4 (NSP4)-Induced Intrinsic Apoptosis. Viruses 2021; 13:1324. [PMID: 34372530 PMCID: PMC8310278 DOI: 10.3390/v13071324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections lead to expeditious activation of the host's innate immune responses, most importantly the interferon (IFN) response, which manifests a network of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that constrain escalating virus replication by fashioning an ill-disposed environment. Interestingly, most viruses, including rotavirus, have evolved numerous strategies to evade or subvert host immune responses to establish successful infection. Several studies have documented the induction of ISGs during rotavirus infection. In this study, we evaluated the induction and antiviral potential of viperin, an ISG, during rotavirus infection. We observed that rotavirus infection, in a stain independent manner, resulted in progressive upregulation of viperin at increasing time points post-infection. Knockdown of viperin had no significant consequence on the production of total infectious virus particles. Interestingly, substantial escalation in progeny virus release was observed upon viperin knockdown, suggesting the antagonistic role of viperin in rotavirus release. Subsequent studies unveiled that RV-NSP4 triggered relocalization of viperin from the ER, the normal residence of viperin, to mitochondria during infection. Furthermore, mitochondrial translocation of NSP4 was found to be impeded by viperin, leading to abridged cytosolic release of Cyt c and subsequent inhibition of intrinsic apoptosis. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that viperin associated with NSP4 through regions including both its radical SAM domain and its C-terminal domain. Collectively, the present study demonstrated the role of viperin in restricting rotavirus egress from infected host cells by modulating NSP4 mediated apoptosis, highlighting a novel mechanism behind viperin's antiviral action in addition to the intricacy of viperin-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India; (R.S.); (S.N.); (M.L.); (A.G.)
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28
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Lachowicz JC, Gizzi AS, Almo SC, Grove TL. Structural Insight into the Substrate Scope of Viperin and Viperin-like Enzymes from Three Domains of Life. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2116-2129. [PMID: 34156827 PMCID: PMC8672371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viperin is a member of the radical S-adenosylmethionine superfamily and has been shown to restrict the replication of a wide range of RNA and DNA viruses. We recently demonstrated that human viperin (HsVip) catalyzes the conversion of CTP to 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP (ddhCTP or ddh-synthase), which acts as a chain terminator for virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases from several flaviviruses. Viperin homologues also exist in non-chordate eukaryotes (e.g., Cnidaria and Mollusca), numerous fungi, and members of the archaeal and eubacterial domains. Recently, it was reported that non-chordate and non-eukaryotic viperin-like homologues are also ddh-synthases and generate a diverse range of ddhNTPs, including the newly discovered ddhUTP and ddhGTP. Herein, we expand on the catalytic mechanism of mammalian, fungal, bacterial, and archaeal viperin-like enzymes with a combination of X-ray crystallography and enzymology. We demonstrate that, like mammalian viperins, these recently discovered viperin-like enzymes operate through the same mechanism and can be classified as ddh-synthases. Furthermore, we define the unique chemical and physical determinants supporting ddh-synthase activity and nucleotide selectivity, including the crystallographic characterization of a fungal viperin-like enzyme that utilizes UTP as a substrate and a cnidaria viperin-like enzyme that utilizes CTP as a substrate. Together, these results support the evolutionary conservation of the ddh-synthase activity and its broad phylogenetic role in innate antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake C Lachowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Anthony S Gizzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
- Department of Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Tyler L Grove
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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29
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Khantisitthiporn O, Shue B, Eyre NS, Nash CW, Turnbull L, Whitchurch CB, Van der Hoek KH, Helbig KJ, Beard MR. Viperin interacts with PEX19 to mediate peroxisomal augmentation of the innate antiviral response. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000915. [PMID: 34108265 PMCID: PMC8200297 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are recognized as significant platforms for the activation of antiviral innate immunity where stimulation of the key adapter molecule mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) within the RIG-I like receptor (RLR) pathway culminates in the up-regulation of hundreds of ISGs, some of which drive augmentation of multiple innate sensing pathways. However, whether ISGs can augment peroxisome-driven RLR signaling is currently unknown. Using a proteomics-based screening approach, we identified Pex19 as a binding partner of the ISG viperin. Viperin colocalized with numerous peroxisomal proteins and its interaction with Pex19 was in close association with lipid droplets, another emerging innate signaling platform. Augmentation of the RLR pathway by viperin was lost when Pex19 expression was reduced. Expression of organelle-specific MAVS demonstrated that viperin requires both mitochondria and peroxisome MAVS for optimal induction of IFN-β. These results suggest that viperin is required to enhance the antiviral cellular response with a possible role to position the peroxisome at the mitochondrial/MAM MAVS signaling synapse, furthering our understanding of the importance of multiple organelles driving the innate immune response against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onruedee Khantisitthiporn
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Byron Shue
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Eyre
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Colt W Nash
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lynne Turnbull
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Cynthia B Whitchurch
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Kylie H Van der Hoek
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karla J Helbig
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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30
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Rai KR, Shrestha P, Yang B, Chen Y, Liu S, Maarouf M, Chen JL. Acute Infection of Viral Pathogens and Their Innate Immune Escape. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:672026. [PMID: 34239508 PMCID: PMC8258165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.672026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections can cause rampant disease in human beings, ranging from mild to acute, that can often be fatal unless resolved. An acute viral infection is characterized by sudden or rapid onset of disease, which can be resolved quickly by robust innate immune responses exerted by the host or, instead, may kill the host. Immediately after viral infection, elements of innate immunity, such as physical barriers, various phagocytic cells, group of cytokines, interferons (IFNs), and IFN-stimulated genes, provide the first line of defense for viral clearance. Innate immunity not only plays a critical role in rapid viral clearance but can also lead to disease progression through immune-mediated host tissue injury. Although elements of antiviral innate immunity are armed to counter the viral invasion, viruses have evolved various strategies to escape host immune surveillance to establish successful infections. Understanding complex mechanisms underlying the interaction between viruses and host’s innate immune system would help develop rational treatment strategies for acute viral infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of acute infections caused by viral pathogens and highlight broad immune escape strategies exhibited by viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kul Raj Rai
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Prasha Shrestha
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bincai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Maarouf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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31
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In Vitro Characterization of the Innate Immune Pathways Engaged by Live and Inactivated Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060664. [PMID: 34204532 PMCID: PMC8234070 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can lead to inflammation of the central nervous system. The disease can be effectively prevented by whole inactivated virus vaccines. Here, we investigated the innate immune profile induced in vitro by the antigen component of the vaccines, inactivated TBEV (I-TBEV), to gain insights into the mechanism of action of the TBE vaccine as compared to the live virus. To this end, we exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to inactivated and live TBEV and assessed cellular responses by RNA sequencing. Both inactivated and live TBEV significantly induced an interferon-dominated gene signature and an increased RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) expression. Using pathway-specific inhibitors, we assessed the involvement of pattern recognition receptors in the sensing of inactivated or live TBEV. Only RLR pathway inhibition significantly suppressed the downstream cascade induced by I-TBEV, while responses to the replicating virus were impacted by the inhibition of RIG-I-like, as well as Toll-like, receptors. Our results show that inactivated and live TBEV predominantly engaged an interferon response in our in vitro PBMC platform, and indicate RLRs as the main pattern recognition receptors involved in I-TBEV sensing.
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32
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McKellar J, Rebendenne A, Wencker M, Moncorgé O, Goujon C. Mammalian and Avian Host Cell Influenza A Restriction Factors. Viruses 2021; 13:522. [PMID: 33810083 PMCID: PMC8005160 DOI: 10.3390/v13030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of a new influenza pandemic is real. With past pandemics claiming millions of lives, finding new ways to combat this virus is essential. Host cells have developed a multi-modular system to detect incoming pathogens, a phenomenon called sensing. The signaling cascade triggered by sensing subsequently induces protection for themselves and their surrounding neighbors, termed interferon (IFN) response. This response induces the upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including antiviral effectors, establishing an antiviral state. As well as the antiviral proteins induced through the IFN system, cells also possess a so-called intrinsic immunity, constituted of antiviral proteins that are constitutively expressed, creating a first barrier preceding the induction of the interferon system. All these combined antiviral effectors inhibit the virus at various stages of the viral lifecycle, using a wide array of mechanisms. Here, we provide a review of mammalian and avian influenza A restriction factors, detailing their mechanism of action and in vivo relevance, when known. Understanding their mode of action might help pave the way for the development of new influenza treatments, which are absolutely required if we want to be prepared to face a new pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe McKellar
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Antoine Rebendenne
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM/CNRS/UCBL1/ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Olivier Moncorgé
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Caroline Goujon
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
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33
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Geddes VEV, Brustolini OJB, Cavalcante LTDF, Moreira FRR, de Castro FL, Guimarães APDC, Gerber AL, Figueiredo CM, Diniz LP, Neto EDA, Tanuri A, Souza RP, Assunção-Miranda I, Alves-Leon SV, Romão LF, de Souza JPBM, de Vasconcelos ATR, de Aguiar RS. Common Dysregulation of Innate Immunity Pathways in Human Primary Astrocytes Infected With Chikungunya, Mayaro, Oropouche, and Zika Viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:641261. [PMID: 33791243 PMCID: PMC8006316 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.641261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses pose a major threat throughout the world and represent a great burden in tropical countries of South America. Although generally associated with moderate febrile illness, in more severe cases they can lead to neurological outcomes, such as encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Congenital Syndromes. In this context astrocytes play a central role in production of inflammatory cytokines, regulation of extracellular matrix, and control of glutamate driven neurotoxicity in the central nervous system. Here, we presented a comprehensive genome-wide transcriptome analysis of human primary astrocytes infected with Chikungunya, Mayaro, Oropouche, or Zika viruses. Analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathway enrichment, and interactomes have shown that Alphaviruses up-regulated genes related to elastic fiber formation and N-glycosylation of glycoproteins, with down-regulation of cell cycle and DNA stability and chromosome maintenance genes. In contrast, Oropouche virus up-regulated cell cycle and DNA maintenance and condensation pathways while down-regulated extracellular matrix, collagen metabolism, glutamate and ion transporters pathways. Zika virus infection only up-regulated eukaryotic translation machinery while down-regulated interferon pathways. Reactome and integration analysis revealed a common signature in down-regulation of innate immune response, antiviral response, and inflammatory cytokines associated to interferon pathway for all arboviruses tested. Validation of interferon stimulated genes by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) corroborated our transcriptome findings. Altogether, our results showed a co-evolution in the mechanisms involved in the escape of arboviruses to antiviral immune response mediated by the interferon (IFN) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Emmanuel Viana Geddes
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa, Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Otávio José Bernardes Brustolini
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Comunicações, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Liliane Tavares de Faria Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luz de Castro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Campos Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Comunicações, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Lehmkuhl Gerber
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Comunicações, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Camila Menezes Figueiredo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luan Pereira Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eurico de Arruda Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renan Pedra Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa, Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soniza Vieira Alves-Leon
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ferreira Romão
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Comunicações, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Renato Santana de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa, Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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34
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Ebrahimi KH, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, James WS, McCullagh JSO. Interferon-stimulated gene products as regulators of central carbon metabolism. FEBS J 2020; 288:3715-3726. [PMID: 33185982 PMCID: PMC8359365 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In response to viral infections, the innate immune system rapidly activates expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), whose protein and metabolic products are believed to directly interfere with the viral life cycle. Here, we argue that biochemical reactions performed by two specific protein products of ISGs modulate central carbon metabolism to support a broad-spectrum antiviral response. We demonstrate that the metabolites generated by metalloenzymes nitric oxide synthase and the radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme RSAD2 inhibit the activity of the housekeeping and glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We discuss that this inhibition is likely to stimulate a range of metabolic and signalling processes to support a broad-spectrum immune response. Based on these analyses, we propose that inhibiting GAPDH in individuals with deteriorated cellular innate immune response like elderly might help in treating viral diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh H Ebrahimi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - William S James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, UK
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35
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Yang Q, You J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Pei R, Chen X, Yang M, Chen J. Tick-borne encephalitis virus NS4A ubiquitination antagonizes type I interferon-stimulated STAT1/2 signalling pathway. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:714-726. [PMID: 32196427 PMCID: PMC7170394 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1745094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) accounts for approximately 10,000 annual cases of severe encephalitis in Europe and Asia and causes encephalitis in humans. In this study, we demonstrate TBEV appears to activate the interferon (IFN)-β dependent on RIG-I/MDA5. Both the IFN-β accumulation and the IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) transcription greatly delay. Further studies reveal that TBEV NS4A could block the phosphorylation and dimerization of STAT1/STAT2 to affect type I and II IFN-mediated STAT signalling. Additional data indicate that the residue at K132 of TBEV NS4A could be modified by ubiquitination and this modification is necessary for the interaction of NS4A with STAT1. Dynamic ubiquitination of the NS4 protein during TBEV infection might account for delayed activation of the ISGs. These results define the TBEV NS4A as an antagonist of the IFN response, by demonstrating a correlation between the association and STAT interference. Our findings provide a foundation for further understanding how TBEV evade innate immunity and a potential viral target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia You
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jizheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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36
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The Molecular Interactions of ZIKV and DENV with the Type-I IFN Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030530. [PMID: 32937990 PMCID: PMC7565347 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika Virus (ZIKV) and Dengue Virus (DENV) are related viruses of the Flavivirus genus that cause significant disease in humans. Existing control measures have been ineffective at curbing the increasing global incidence of infection for both viruses and they are therefore prime targets for new vaccination strategies. Type-I interferon (IFN) responses are important in clearing viral infection and for generating efficient adaptive immune responses towards infection and vaccination. However, ZIKV and DENV have evolved multiple molecular mechanisms to evade type-I IFN production. This review covers the molecular interactions, from detection to evasion, of these viruses with the type-I IFN response. Additionally, we discuss how this knowledge can be exploited to improve the design of new vaccine strategies.
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37
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Nambala P, Yu WY, Lo YC, Lin CW, Su WC. Ubiquitination of Zika virus precursor membrane protein promotes the release of viral proteins. Virus Res 2020; 286:198065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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38
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Xiang C, Huang M, Xiong T, Rong F, Li L, Liu DX, Chen RA. Transcriptomic Analysis and Functional Characterization Reveal the Duck Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Important Restriction Factor in the Replication of Tembusu Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2069. [PMID: 32983049 PMCID: PMC7480082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) infection has caused great economic losses to the poultry industry in China, since its first discovery in 2010. Understanding of host anti-DTMUV responses, especially the innate immunity against DTMUV infection, would be essential for the prevention and control of this viral disease. In this study, transcriptomic analysis of duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEFs) infected with DTMUV reveals that several innate immunity-related pathways, including Toll-like, NOD-like, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor signaling pathways, are activated. Further verification by RT-qPCR confirmed that RIG-I, MAD5, TLR3, TLR7, IFN-α, IFN-β, MX, PKR, MHCI, MHCII, IL-1β, IL-6, (IFN-regulatory factor 1) IRF1, VIPERIN, IFIT5, and CMPK2 were up-regulated in cells infected with DTMUV. Through overexpression and knockdown/out of gene expression, we demonstrated that both VIPERIN and IRF1 played an important role in the regulation of DTMUV replication. Overexpression of either one significantly reduced viral replication as characterized by reduced viral RNA copy numbers and the envelope protein expression. Consistently, down-regulation of either one resulted in the enhanced replication of DTMUV in the knockdown/out cells. We further proved that IRF1 can up-regulate VIPERIN gene expression during DTMUV infection, through induction of type 1 IFNs as well as directly binding to and activation of the VIPERIN promoter. This study provides a genome-wide differential gene expression profile in cells infected with DTMUV and reveals an important function for IRF1 as well as several other interferon-stimulated genes in restricting DTMUV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Rong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
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Ghosh S, Marsh ENG. Viperin: An ancient radical SAM enzyme finds its place in modern cellular metabolism and innate immunity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11513-11528. [PMID: 32546482 PMCID: PMC7450102 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.012784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viperin plays an important and multifaceted role in the innate immune response to viral infection. Viperin is also notable as one of very few radical SAM-dependent enzymes present in higher animals; however, the enzyme appears broadly conserved across all kingdoms of life, which suggests that it represents an ancient defense mechanism against viral infections. Although viperin was discovered some 20 years ago, only recently was the enzyme's structure determined and its catalytic activity elucidated. The enzyme converts CTP to 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP, which functions as novel chain-terminating antiviral nucleotide when misincorporated by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Moreover, in higher animals, viperin interacts with numerous other host and viral proteins, and it is apparent that this complex network of interactions constitutes another important aspect of the protein's antiviral activity. An emerging theme is that viperin appears to facilitate ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of some of the proteins it interacts with. Viperin-targeted protein degradation contributes to the antiviral response either by down-regulating various metabolic pathways important for viral replication or by directly targeting viral proteins for degradation. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the structure and catalytic activity of viperin, together with studies investigating the interactions between viperin and its target proteins. These studies have provided detailed insights into the biochemical processes underpinning this unusual enzyme's wide-ranging antiviral activity. We also highlight recent intriguing reports that implicate a broader role for viperin in regulating nonpathological cellular processes, including thermogenesis and protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Neil G Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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40
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Kang D, Gao S, Tian Z, Huang D, Guan G, Liu G, Luo J, Du J, Yin H. Ovine viperin inhibits bluetongue virus replication. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:87-94. [PMID: 32784101 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections can lead to interferon production, which achieves its antiviral function primarily by activating the JAK/STAT pathway and inducing multiple interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although considerable ISGs have been identified in antiviral researches, little is known about ISGs in bluetongue virus (BTV) infection. Viperin is the most highly induced ISG following BTV infection, which suggests that it may play a critical role in the anti-BTV immune response. The aim of this study was to characterize ovine Viperin (oViperin) and explore whether it can inhibit BTV replication. We cloned the coding sequences (CDS) of sheep Viperin, and the sequence analysis showed that oViperin displayed a high similarity with other species. oViperin has a leucine zipper in the N-terminal, a CxxxCxxC motif in the SAM domain, and a conservative C-terminus. We found that oViperin mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in a time- and multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent manner following BTV infection. oViperin overexpression resulted in a significant inhibition in BTV replication, whereas an oViperin knockdown in MDOK cells increased BTV replication. This study shows for the first time, that oViperin has antiviral activity towards BTV infection and provides important information to research the interaction between BTV and oViperin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China.
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China.
| | - Zhancheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China.
| | - Dexuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China.
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China.
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China.
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China.
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China.
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Rai KR, Chen B, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Hu J, Liu S, Maarouf M, Li Y, Xiao M, Liao Y, Chen JL. Robust expression of p27Kip1 induced by viral infection is critical for antiviral innate immunity. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13242. [PMID: 32596986 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection regulates the expression of numerous host genes. However, the precise mechanism underlying implication of these genes in IAV pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we employed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to identify host proteins regulated by IAV infection. iTRAQ analysis of mouse lungs infected or uninfected with IAV showed a total of 167 differentially upregulated proteins in response to the viral infection. Interestingly, we observed that p27Kip1, a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was markedly induced by IAV both at mRNA and protein levels through in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, it was shown that innate immune signalling positively regulated p27Kip1 expression in response to IAV infection. Ectopic expression of p27Kip1 in A549 cells dramatically inhibited IAV replication, whereas, p27Kip1 knockdown significantly enhanced the virus replication. in vivo experiments demonstrated that p27Kip1 knockout (KO) mice were more susceptible to IAV than wild-type (WT) mice: exhibiting higher viral load in lung tissue, faster body-weight loss, reduced survival rate and more severe organ damage. Moreover, we found that p27Kip1 overexpression facilitated the degradation of viral NS1 protein, caused a dramatic STAT1 activation and promoted the expression of IFN-β and several critical antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Increased p27Kip1 expression also restricted infections of several other viruses. Conversely, IAV-infected p27Kip1 KO mice exhibited a sharp increase in NS1 protein accumulation, reduced level of STAT1 activation and decreased expression of IFN-β and the ISGs in the lung compared to WT animals. These findings reveal a key role of p27Kip1 in enhancing antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kul Raj Rai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed Maarouf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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42
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Rivera-Serrano EE, Gizzi AS, Arnold JJ, Grove TL, Almo SC, Cameron CE. Viperin Reveals Its True Function. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:421-446. [PMID: 32603630 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-011720-095930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most cells respond to viral infections by activating innate immune pathways that lead to the induction of antiviral restriction factors. One such factor, viperin, was discovered almost two decades ago based on its induction during viral infection. Since then, viperin has been shown to possess activity against numerous viruses via multiple proposed mechanisms. Most recently, however, viperin was demonstrated to catalyze the conversion of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) to 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP (ddhCTP), a previously unknown ribonucleotide. Incorporation of ddhCTP causes premature termination of RNA synthesis by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of some viruses. To date, production of ddhCTP by viperin represents the only activity of viperin that links its enzymatic activity directly to an antiviral mechanism in human cells. This review examines the multiple antiviral mechanisms and biological functions attributed to viperin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín E Rivera-Serrano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
| | - Anthony S Gizzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; , .,Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Jamie J Arnold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
| | - Tyler L Grove
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; ,
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; ,
| | - Craig E Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
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Honarmand Ebrahimi K, Vowles J, Browne C, McCullagh J, James WS. ddhCTP produced by the radical-SAM activity of RSAD2 (viperin) inhibits the NAD + -dependent activity of enzymes to modulate metabolism. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1631-1644. [PMID: 32232843 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) domain-containing protein 2 (RSAD2; viperin) is a key enzyme in innate immune responses that is highly expressed in response to viral infection and inflammatory stimuli in many cell types. Recently, it was found that RSAD2 catalyses transformation of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) to its analogue 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP (ddhCTP). The cellular function of this metabolite is unknown. Here, we analysed the extra- and intracellular metabolite levels in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived macrophages using high-resolution LC-MS/MS. The results together with biochemical assays and molecular docking simulations revealed that ddhCTP inhibits the NAD+ -dependent activity of enzymes including that of the housekeeping enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We propose that ddhCTP regulates cellular metabolism in response to inflammatory stimuli such as viral infection, pointing to a broader function of RSAD2 than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Vowles
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cathy Browne
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - William S James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
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44
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Jiao P, Fan W, Cao Y, Zhang H, Tian L, Sun L, Luo T, Liu W, Li J. Robust induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated gene expression by influenza B/Yamagata lineage virus infection of A549 cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231039. [PMID: 32267861 PMCID: PMC7141683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus (IBV) belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family and generally causes sporadic epidemics but is occasionally deadly to individuals. The current research mainly focuses on clinical and pathological characteristics of IBV. However, to better prevent or treat the disease, one must determine the strategies developed by IBV to invade and disrupt cellular proteins and approach to replicate itself, to suppress antiviral innate immunity, and understand how the host responds to IBV infection. The B/Shanghai/PD114/2018 virus was able to infect alveolar epithelial cells (A549) cells, with good potential for replication. To identify host cellular responses against IBV infection, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using RNA sequencing. The GO and KEGG pathway term enrichment analyses with the DEGs were performed, and we found that the DEGs were primary involved in metabolic processes and cellular function, which may be related to the host response, including the innate immune response against the virus. Our transcriptome analysis results demonstrated robust induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated gene expression by IBV in human cells during the early stages of infection, providing a foundation for further studies focused on antiviral drug development and interactions between the virus and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingrong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (WJL); (TRL)
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (WJL); (TRL)
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (WJL); (TRL)
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Gwon YD, Strand M, Lindqvist R, Nilsson E, Saleeb M, Elofsson M, Överby AK, Evander M. Antiviral Activity of Benzavir-2 against Emerging Flaviviruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030351. [PMID: 32235763 PMCID: PMC7150796 DOI: 10.3390/v12030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses, transmitted by either ticks or mosquitoes, and cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. They are endemic in many countries and have recently emerged in new regions, such as the Zika virus (ZIKV) in South-and Central America, the West Nile virus (WNV) in North America, and the Yellow fever virus (YFV) in Brazil and many African countries, highlighting the need for preparedness. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs available to treat flavivirus infections. We have previously discovered a broad-spectrum antiviral compound, benzavir-2, with potent antiviral activity against both DNA- and RNA-viruses. Our purpose was to investigate the inhibitory activity of benzavir-2 against flaviviruses. We used a ZIKV ZsGreen-expressing vector, two lineages of wild-type ZIKV, and other medically important flaviviruses. Benzavir-2 inhibited ZIKV derived reporter gene expression with an EC50 value of 0.8 ± 0.1 µM. Furthermore, ZIKV plaque formation, progeny virus production, and viral RNA expression were strongly inhibited. In addition, 2.5 µM of benzavir-2 reduced infection in vitro in three to five orders of magnitude for five other flaviviruses: WNV, YFV, the tick-borne encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and dengue virus. In conclusion, benzavir-2 was a potent inhibitor of flavivirus infection, which supported the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of benzavir-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Dae Gwon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.-D.G.); (M.S.); (R.L.); (E.N.); (A.K.Ö.)
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Mårten Strand
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.-D.G.); (M.S.); (R.L.); (E.N.); (A.K.Ö.)
| | - Richard Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.-D.G.); (M.S.); (R.L.); (E.N.); (A.K.Ö.)
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.-D.G.); (M.S.); (R.L.); (E.N.); (A.K.Ö.)
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Saleeb
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Mikael Elofsson
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Anna K. Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.-D.G.); (M.S.); (R.L.); (E.N.); (A.K.Ö.)
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.-D.G.); (M.S.); (R.L.); (E.N.); (A.K.Ö.)
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-90-785-1790
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Abstract
Flaviviruses are a genus of mostly arthropod-borne RNA viruses that cause a range of pathologies in humans. Basic knowledge on flaviviruses is rapidly expanding, partly due to their status as frequent emerging or re-emerging pathogens. Flaviviruses include the dengue, Zika, West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis and yellow fever viruses (DENV, ZIKV, WNV, TBEV and YFV, respectively). As is the case with other families of viruses, the success of productive infection of human cells by flaviviruses depends in part on the antiviral activity of a heterogeneous group of cellular antiviral proteins called restriction factors. Restriction factors are the effector proteins of the cell-autonomous innate response against viruses, an immune pathway that also includes virus sensors as well as intracellular and extracellular signal mediators such as type I interferons (IFN-I). In this review, I summarize recent progress toward the identification and characterization of flavivirus restriction factors. In particular, I focus on IFI6, Schlafen 11, FMRP, OAS-RNase L, RyDEN, members of the TRIM family of proteins (TRIM5α, TRIM19, TRIM56, TRIM69 and TRIM79α) and a new mechanism of action proposed for viperin. Recent and future studies on this topic will lead to a more complete picture of the flavivirus restrictome, defined as the ensemble of cellular factors with demonstrated anti-flaviviral activity.
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C19orf66 interrupts Zika virus replication by inducing lysosomal degradation of viral NS3. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008083. [PMID: 32150556 PMCID: PMC7082052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly emerging human health crisis associated with the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic and its link to severe complications highlights the growing need to identify the mechanisms by which ZIKV accesses hosts. Interferon response protects host cells against viral infection, while the cellular factors that mediate this defense are the products of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although hundreds of ISGs have been identified, only a few have been characterized for their antiviral potential, target specificity and mechanisms of action. In this work, we focused our investigation on the possible antiviral effect of a novel ISG, C19orf66 in response to ZIKV infection and the associated mechanisms. We found that ZIKV infection could induce C19orf66 expression in ZIKV-permissive cells, and such an overexpression of C19orf66 remarkably suppressed ZIKV replication. Conversely, the depletion of C19orf66 led to a significant increase in viral replication. Furthermore, C19orf66 was found to interact and co-localize with ZIKV nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), thus inducing NS3 degradation via a lysosome-dependent pathway. Taken together, this study identified C19orf66 as a novel ISG that exerts antiviral effects against ZIKV by specifically degrading a viral nonstructural protein. These findings uncovered an intriguing mechanism of C19orf66 that targeting NS3 protein of ZIKV, providing clues for understanding the actions of innate immunity, and affording the possible availability of new drug targets that can be used for therapeutic intervention. ZIKV represents a serious threat to global health with particular relevance to microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities in newborns, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningoencephalitis, multi-organ failure in adults. Despite the global health threat of Zika virus infection, there is currently no vaccine or effective antiviral therapy available for the disease. As widely recognized, interferon signaling is key to establishing a strong antiviral state in host cells, mainly mediated through the anti-viral effects of numerous interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This work described our novel finding of the antiviral effect of a novel ISG, C19orf66, and its underlying mechanisms. We identified C19orf66 as a novel ISG that exerts antiviral effects against ZIKV by specifically interacting and colocalizing with the ZIKV nonstructural (NS) protein NS3, which inducing NS3 degradation via a lysosome-dependent pathway. Thus, this work broadens the understanding of the pivotal roles of C19orf66 in the interaction between the host and ZIKV, which might further provide a rational basis for developing novel anti-ZIKV strategies.
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Fares M, Cochet-Bernoin M, Gonzalez G, Montero-Menei CN, Blanchet O, Benchoua A, Boissart C, Lecollinet S, Richardson J, Haddad N, Coulpier M. Pathological modeling of TBEV infection reveals differential innate immune responses in human neurons and astrocytes that correlate with their susceptibility to infection. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:76. [PMID: 32127025 PMCID: PMC7053149 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, which includes several important human pathogens. It is responsible for neurological symptoms that may cause permanent disability or death, and, from a medical point of view, is the major arbovirus in Central/Northern Europe and North-Eastern Asia. TBEV tropism is critical for neuropathogenesis, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern the susceptibility of human brain cells to the virus. In this study, we sought to establish and characterize a new in vitro model of TBEV infection in the human brain and to decipher cell type-specific innate immunity and its relation to TBEV tropism and neuropathogenesis. METHOD Human neuronal/glial cells were differentiated from neural progenitor cells and infected with the TBEV-Hypr strain. Kinetics of infection, cellular tropism, and cellular responses, including innate immune responses, were characterized by measuring viral genome and viral titer, performing immunofluorescence, enumerating the different cellular types, and determining their rate of infection and by performing PCR array and qRT-PCR. The specific response of neurons and astrocytes was analyzed using the same approaches after enrichment of the neuronal/glial cultures for each cellular subtype. RESULTS We showed that infection of human neuronal/glial cells mimicked three major hallmarks of TBEV infection in the human brain, namely, preferential neuronal tropism, neuronal death, and astrogliosis. We further showed that these cells conserved their capacity to mount an antiviral response against TBEV. TBEV-infected neuronal/glial cells, therefore, represented a highly relevant pathological model. By enriching the cultures for either neurons or astrocytes, we further demonstrated qualitative and quantitative differential innate immune responses in the two cell types that correlated with their particular susceptibility to TBEV. CONCLUSION Our results thus reveal that cell type-specific innate immunity is likely to contribute to shaping TBEV tropism for human brain cells. They describe a new in vitro model for in-depth study of TBEV-induced neuropathogenesis and improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which neurotropic viruses target and damage human brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazigh Fares
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Marielle Cochet-Bernoin
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gaëlle Gonzalez
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claudia N Montero-Menei
- CRCINA, UMR 1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, F-49933, Angers, France
| | - Odile Blanchet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, CHU Angers, BB-0033-00038, Angers, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nadia Haddad
- UMR BIPAR 956, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Neuroinflammation in CNS diseases: Molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of plant derived bioactive molecules. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ghosh S, Patel AM, Grunkemeyer TJ, Dumbrepatil AB, Zegalia K, Kennedy RT, Marsh ENG. Interactions between Viperin, Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein A, and Hepatitis C Virus Protein NS5A Modulate Viperin Activity and NS5A Degradation. Biochemistry 2020; 59:780-789. [PMID: 31977203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The radical SAM enzyme, viperin, exerts a wide range of antiviral effects through both the synthesis of the antiviral nucleotide 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP (ddhCTP) and through its interactions with various cellular and viral proteins. Here we investigate the interaction of viperin with hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and the host sterol regulatory protein, vesicle-associated membrane protein A (VAP-33). NS5A and VAP-33 form part of the viral replication complex that is essential for replicating the RNA genome of the hepatitis C virus. Using transfected enzymes in HEK293T cells, we show that viperin binds independently to both NS5A and the C-terminal domain of VAP-33 (VAP-33C) and that this interaction is dependent on the proteins being colocalized to the ER membrane. Coexpression of VAP-33C and NS5A resulted in changes to the catalytic activity of viperin that depended upon viperin being colocalized to the ER membrane. The viperin-NS5A-VAP-33C complex exhibited the lowest specific activity, indicating that NS5A may inhibit viperin's ability to synthesize ddhCTP. Coexpression of viperin with NS5A was also found to significantly reduce cellular NS5A levels, most likely by increasing the rate of proteasomal degradation. An inactive mutant of viperin, unable to bind the iron-sulfur cluster, was similarly effective at reducing cellular NS5A levels.
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