1
|
Finnegan D, Connolly C, Mechoud MA, FitzGerald JA, Beresford T, Mathur H, Brennan L, Cotter PD, Loscher CE. Novel Dairy Fermentates Have Differential Effects on Key Immune Responses Associated with Viral Immunity and Inflammation in Dendritic Cells. Foods 2024; 13:2392. [PMID: 39123583 PMCID: PMC11311654 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods and ingredients, including furmenties derived from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dairy products, can modulate the immune system. Here, we describe the use of reconstituted skimmed milk powder to generate novel fermentates from Lactobacillus helveticus strains SC232, SC234, SC212, and SC210, and from Lacticaseibacillus casei strains SC209 and SC229, and demonstrate, using in vitro assays, that these fermentates can differentially modulate cytokine secretion via bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) when activated with either the viral ligand loxoribine or an inflammatory stimulus, lipopolysaccharide. Specifically, we demonstrate that SC232 and SC234 increase cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12p40, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-10 and decrease IL-1β in primary bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) stimulated with a viral ligand. In contrast, exposure of these cells to SC212 and SC210 resulted in increased IL-10, IL-1β, IL-23, and decreased IL-12p40 following activation of the cells with the inflammatory stimulus LPS. Interestingly, SC209 and SC229 had little or no effect on cytokine secretion by BMDCs. Overall, our data demonstrate that these novel fermentates have specific effects and can differentially enhance key immune mechanisms that are critical to viral immune responses, or can suppress responses involved in chronic inflammatory conditions, such as ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dearbhla Finnegan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.C.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (L.B.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Claire Connolly
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.C.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (L.B.); (P.D.C.)
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monica A. Mechoud
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.C.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (L.B.); (P.D.C.)
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Jamie A. FitzGerald
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.C.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (L.B.); (P.D.C.)
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom Beresford
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.C.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (L.B.); (P.D.C.)
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Harsh Mathur
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.C.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (L.B.); (P.D.C.)
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.C.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (L.B.); (P.D.C.)
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.C.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (L.B.); (P.D.C.)
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine E. Loscher
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.C.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (L.B.); (P.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Andres-Martin F, James C, Catalfamo M. IL-27 expression regulation and its effects on adaptive immunity against viruses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395921. [PMID: 38966644 PMCID: PMC11222398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine superfamily, is primarily secreted by antigen presenting cells, specifically by dendric cells, macrophages and B cells. IL-27 has antiviral activities and modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses against viruses. The role of IL-27 in the setting of viral infections is not well defined and both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions have been described. Here, we discuss the latest advancements in the role of IL-27 in several viral infection models of human disease. We highlight important aspects of IL-27 expression regulation, the critical cell sources at different stages of the infection and their impact in cell mediated immunity. Lastly, we discuss the need to better define the antiviral and modulatory (pro-inflammatory vs anti-inflammatory) properties of IL-27 in the context of human chronic viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martin E, Winter S, Garcin C, Tanita K, Hoshino A, Lenoir C, Fournier B, Migaud M, Boutboul D, Simonin M, Fernandes A, Bastard P, Le Voyer T, Roupie AL, Ben Ahmed Y, Leruez-Ville M, Burgard M, Rao G, Ma CS, Masson C, Soudais C, Picard C, Bustamante J, Tangye SG, Cheikh N, Seppänen M, Puel A, Daly M, Casanova JL, Neven B, Fischer A, Latour S. Role of IL-27 in Epstein-Barr virus infection revealed by IL-27RA deficiency. Nature 2024; 628:620-629. [PMID: 38509369 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can engender severe B cell lymphoproliferative diseases1,2. The primary infection is often asymptomatic or causes infectious mononucleosis (IM), a self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder3. Selective vulnerability to EBV has been reported in association with inherited mutations impairing T cell immunity to EBV4. Here we report biallelic loss-of-function variants in IL27RA that underlie an acute and severe primary EBV infection with a nevertheless favourable outcome requiring a minimal treatment. One mutant allele (rs201107107) was enriched in the Finnish population (minor allele frequency = 0.0068) and carried a high risk of severe infectious mononucleosis when homozygous. IL27RA encodes the IL-27 receptor alpha subunit5,6. In the absence of IL-27RA, phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 by IL-27 is abolished in T cells. In in vitro studies, IL-27 exerts a synergistic effect on T-cell-receptor-dependent T cell proliferation7 that is deficient in cells from the patients, leading to impaired expansion of potent anti-EBV effector cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. IL-27 is produced by EBV-infected B lymphocytes and an IL-27RA-IL-27 autocrine loop is required for the maintenance of EBV-transformed B cells. This potentially explains the eventual favourable outcome of the EBV-induced viral disease in patients with IL-27RA deficiency. Furthermore, we identified neutralizing anti-IL-27 autoantibodies in most individuals who developed sporadic infectious mononucleosis and chronic EBV infection. These results demonstrate the critical role of IL-27RA-IL-27 in immunity to EBV, but also the hijacking of this defence by EBV to promote the expansion of infected transformed B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Martin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Winter
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Garcin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kay Tanita
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Akihiro Hoshino
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Fournier
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Simonin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Fernandes
- Plateforme Vecteurs Viraux et Transfert de Gènes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastard
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Roupie
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yassine Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Leruez-Ville
- Service de Bactériologie, Virologie, Parasitologie et Hygiène, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Burgard
- Service de Bactériologie, Virologie, Parasitologie et Hygiène, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Geetha Rao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cécile Masson
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Claire Soudais
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathalie Cheikh
- Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Mikko Seppänen
- Pediatric Research Center and Rare Disease Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Puel
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Daly
- Institut for Molecular Medecine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Corneillie L, Lemmens I, Weening K, De Meyer A, Van Houtte F, Tavernier J, Meuleman P. Virus-Host Protein Interaction Network of the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2-4 by Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:2412. [PMID: 38140653 PMCID: PMC10748205 DOI: 10.3390/v15122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycle, viruses interact with cellular host factors, thereby influencing propagation, host range, cell tropism and pathogenesis. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an underestimated RNA virus in which knowledge of the virus-host interaction network to date is limited. Here, two related high-throughput mammalian two-hybrid approaches (MAPPIT and KISS) were used to screen for HEV-interacting host proteins. Promising hits were examined on protein function, involved pathway(s), and their relation to other viruses. We identified 37 ORF2 hits, 187 for ORF3 and 91 for ORF4. Several hits had functions in the life cycle of distinct viruses. We focused on SHARPIN and RNF5 as candidate hits for ORF3, as they are involved in the RLR-MAVS pathway and interferon (IFN) induction during viral infections. Knocking out (KO) SHARPIN and RNF5 resulted in a different IFN response upon ORF3 transfection, compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, infection was increased in SHARPIN KO cells and decreased in RNF5 KO cells. In conclusion, MAPPIT and KISS are valuable tools to study virus-host interactions, providing insights into the poorly understood HEV life cycle. We further provide evidence for two identified hits as new host factors in the HEV life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corneillie
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Van Houtte
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abbott CA, Freimayer EL, Tyllis TS, Norton TS, Alsharifi M, Heng AHS, Pederson SM, Qu Z, Armstrong M, Hill GR, McColl SR, Comerford I. Determination of Tr1 cell populations correlating with distinct activation states in acute IAV infection. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:606-623. [PMID: 37321403 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Type I regulatory (Tr1) cells are defined as FOXP3-IL-10-secreting clusters of differentiation (CD4+) T cells that contribute to immune suppression and typically express the markers LAG-3 and CD49b and other co-inhibitory receptors. These cells have not been studied in detail in the context of the resolution of acute infection in the lung. Here, we identify FOXP3- interleukin (IL)-10+ CD4+ T cells transiently accumulating in the lung parenchyma during resolution of the response to sublethal influenza A virus (IAV) infection in mice. These cells were dependent on IL-27Rα, which was required for timely recovery from IAV-induced weight loss. LAG-3 and CD49b were not generally co-expressed by FOXP3- IL-10+ CD4+ T cells in this model and four populations of these cells based on LAG-3 and CD49b co-expression were apparent [LAG-3-CD49b- (double negative), LAG-3+CD49b+ (double positive), LAG-3+CD49b- (LAG-3+), LAG-3-CD49b+ (CD49b+)]. However, each population exhibited suppressive potential consistent with the definition of Tr1 cells. Notably, differences between these populations of Tr1 cells were apparent including differential dependence on IL-10 to mediate suppression and expression of markers indicative of different activation states and terminal differentiation. Sort-transfer experiments indicated that LAG-3+ Tr1 cells exhibited the capacity to convert to double negative and double positive Tr1 cells, indicative of plasticity between these populations. Together, these data determine the features and suppressive potential of Tr1 cells in the resolution of IAV infection and identify four populations delineated by LAG-3 and CD49b, which likely correspond to different Tr1 cell activation states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Abbott
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Emily L Freimayer
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timona S Tyllis
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Todd S Norton
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mohammed Alsharifi
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Aaron H S Heng
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen M Pederson
- Bioinformatics Hub, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Black Ochre Data Laboratories, Indigenous Genomics, Telethon Kids Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark Armstrong
- Bioinformatics Hub, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Shaun R McColl
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antony F, Pundkar C, Sandey M, Mishra A, Suryawanshi A. Role of IL-27 in HSV-1-Induced Herpetic Stromal Keratitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:474-485. [PMID: 37326494 PMCID: PMC10495105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is a painful and vision-impairing disease caused by recurrent HSV-1 infection of the cornea. The virus replication in the corneal epithelium and associated inflammation play a dominant role in HSK progression. Current HSK treatments targeting inflammation or virus replication are partially effective and promote HSV-1 latency, and long-term use can cause side effects. Thus, understanding molecular and cellular events that control HSV-1 replication and inflammation is crucial for developing novel HSK therapies. In this study, we report that ocular HSV-1 infection induces the expression of IL-27, a pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine. Our data indicate that HSV-1 infection stimulates IL-27 production by macrophages. Using a primary corneal HSV-1 infection mouse model and IL-27 receptor knockout mice, we show that IL-27 plays a critical role in controlling HSV-1 shedding from the cornea, the optimum induction of effector CD4+ T cell responses, and limiting HSK progression. Using in vitro bone marrow-derived macrophages, we show that IL-27 plays an antiviral role by regulating macrophage-mediated HSV-1 killing, IFN-β production, and IFN-stimulated gene expression after HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, we report that IL-27 is critical for macrophage survival, Ag uptake, and the expression of costimulatory molecules involved in the optimum induction of effector T cell responses. Our results indicate that IL-27 promotes endogenous antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses and represents a promising target for suppressing HSK progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferrin Antony
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Chetan Pundkar
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Harker JA, Greene TT, Barnett BE, Bao P, Dolgoter A, Zuniga EI. IL-6 and IL-27 play both distinct and redundant roles in regulating CD4 T-cell responses during chronic viral infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221562. [PMID: 37583704 PMCID: PMC10424726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-6 cytokine family signals through the common signal transduction molecule gp130 combined with a cytokine-specific receptor. Gp130 signaling on CD4 T cells is vital in controlling chronic infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV Cl13), but the precise role of individual members of the IL-6 cytokine family is not fully understood. Transcriptional analysis highlighted the importance of gp130 signaling in promoting key processes in CD4 T cells after LCMV Cl13 infection, particularly genes associated with T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation and IL-21 production. Further, Il27r-/-Il6ra-/- mice failed to generate antibody or CD8 T-cell immunity and to control LCMV Cl13. Transcriptomics and phenotypic analyses of Il27r-/-Il6ra-/- Tfh cells revealed that IL-6R and IL-27R signaling was required to activate key pathways within CD4 T cells. IL-6 and IL-27 signaling has distinct and overlapping roles, with IL-6 regulating Tfh differentiation, IL-27 regulating CD4 T cell survival, and both redundantly promoting IL-21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Harker
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trever T. Greene
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Burton E. Barnett
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Phuc Bao
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aleksandr Dolgoter
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elina I. Zuniga
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Preston SP, Allison CC, Schaefer J, Clow W, Bader SM, Collard S, Forsyth WO, Clark MP, Garnham AL, Li-Wai-Suen CSN, Peiris T, Teale J, Mackiewicz L, Davidson S, Doerflinger M, Pellegrini M. A necroptosis-independent function of RIPK3 promotes immune dysfunction and prevents control of chronic LCMV infection. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:123. [PMID: 36792599 PMCID: PMC9931694 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a lytic and inflammatory form of cell death that is highly constrained to mitigate detrimental collateral tissue damage and impaired immunity. These constraints make it difficult to define the relevance of necroptosis in diseases such as chronic and persistent viral infections and within individual organ systems. The role of necroptotic signalling is further complicated because proteins essential to this pathway, such as receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), have been implicated in roles outside of necroptotic signalling. We sought to address this issue by individually defining the role of RIPK3 and MLKL in chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. We investigated if necroptosis contributes to the death of LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells or virally infected target cells during infection. We provide evidence showing that necroptosis was redundant in the pathogenesis of acute forms of LCMV (Armstrong strain) and the early stages of chronic (Docile strain) LCMV infection in vivo. The number of immune cells, their specificity and reactivity towards viral antigens and viral loads are not altered in the absence of either MLKL or RIPK3 during acute and during the early stages of chronic LCMV infection. However, we identified that RIPK3 promotes immune dysfunction and prevents control of infection at later stages of chronic LCMV disease. This was not phenocopied by the loss of MLKL indicating that the phenotype was driven by a necroptosis-independent function of RIPK3. We provide evidence that RIPK3 signaling evoked a dysregulated type 1 interferone response which we linked to an impaired antiviral immune response and abrogated clearance of chronic LCMV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Preston
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,SYNthesis Research, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Cody C. Allison
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Jan Schaefer
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - William Clow
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Stefanie M. Bader
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Sophie Collard
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Wasan O. Forsyth
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Michelle P. Clark
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Connie S. N. Li-Wai-Suen
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Thanushi Peiris
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Jack Teale
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Liana Mackiewicz
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Sophia Davidson
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lei V, Handfield C, Kwock JT, Kirchner SJ, Lee MJ, Coates M, Wang K, Han Q, Wang Z, Powers JG, Wolfe S, Corcoran DL, Fanelli B, Dadlani M, Ji RR, Zhang JY, MacLeod AS. Skin Injury Activates a Rapid TRPV1-Dependent Antiviral Protein Response. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2249-2259.e9. [PMID: 35007556 PMCID: PMC9259761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The skin serves as the interface between the body and the environment and plays a fundamental role in innate antimicrobial host immunity. Antiviral proteins (AVPs) are part of the innate host defense system and provide protection against viral pathogens. How breach of the skin barrier influences innate AVP production remains largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the induction and regulation of AVPs after skin injury and identified a key role of TRPV1 in this process. Transcriptional and phenotypic profiling of cutaneous wounds revealed that skin injury induces high levels of AVPs in both mice and humans. Remarkably, pharmacologic and genetic ablation of TRPV1-mediated nociception abrogated the induction of AVPs, including Oas2, Oasl2, and Isg15 after skin injury in mice. Conversely, stimulation of TRPV1 nociceptors was sufficient to induce AVP production involving the CD301b+ cells‒IL-27‒mediated signaling pathway. Using IL-27 receptor‒knockout mice, we show that IL-27 signaling is required in the induction of AVPs after skin injury. Finally, loss of TRPV1 signaling leads to increased viral infectivity of herpes simplex virus. Together, our data indicate that TRPV1 signaling ensures skin antiviral competence on wounding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chelsea Handfield
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffery T Kwock
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen J Kirchner
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Min Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret Coates
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Duke Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qingjian Han
- Duke Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zilong Wang
- Duke Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer G Powers
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Dermatology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa, USA
| | - Sarah Wolfe
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David L Corcoran
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Duke Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amsden H, Kourko O, Roth M, Gee K. Antiviral Activities of Interleukin-27: A Partner for Interferons? Front Immunol 2022; 13:902853. [PMID: 35634328 PMCID: PMC9134790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of new, pandemic-level viral threats has brought to the forefront the importance of viral immunology and continued improvement of antiviral therapies. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Accumulating evidence has revealed potent antiviral activities of IL-27 against numerous viruses, including HIV, influenza, HBV and more. IL-27 contributes to the immune response against viruses indirectly by increasing production of interferons (IFNs) which have various antiviral effects. Additionally, IL-27 can directly interfere with viral infection both by acting similarly to an IFN itself and by modulating the differentiation and function of various immune cells. This review discusses the IFN-dependent and IFN-independent antiviral mechanisms of IL-27 and highlights the potential of IL-27 as a therapeutic cytokine for viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Valdés-López JF, Fernandez GJ, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Synergistic Effects of Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 and Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling Triggering Interleukin 27 Gene Expression in Chikungunya Virus-Infected Macrophages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812110. [PMID: 35223841 PMCID: PMC8863767 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the etiological agent of chikungunya fever (CHIKF), a self-limiting disease characterized by myalgia and severe acute or chronic arthralgia. CHIKF is associated with immunopathology and high levels of pro-inflammatory factors. CHIKV is known to have a wide range of tropism in human cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages. Previously, we reported that CHIKV-infected monocytes-derived macrophages (MDMs) express high levels of interleukin 27 (IL27), a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of IL27p28 and EBI3 subunits, that triggers JAK-STAT signaling and promotes pro-inflammatory and antiviral response, in interferon (IFN)-independent manner. Based on the transcriptomic analysis, we now report that induction of IL27-dependent pro-inflammatory and antiviral response in CHIKV-infected MDMs relies on two signaling pathways: an early signal dependent on recognition of CHIKV-PAMPs by TLR1/2-MyD88 to activate NF-κB-complex that induces the expression of EBI3 mRNA; and second signaling dependent on the recognition of intermediates of CHIKV replication (such as dsRNA) by TLR3-TRIF, to activate IRF1 and the induction of IL27p28 mRNA expression. Both signaling pathways were required to produce a functional IL27 protein involved in the induction of ISGs, including antiviral proteins, cytokines, CC- and CXC- chemokines in an IFN-independent manner in MDMs. Furthermore, we reported that activation of TLR4 by LPS, both in human MDMs and murine BMDM, results in the induction of both subunits of IL27 that trigger strong IL27-dependent pro-inflammatory and antiviral response independent of IFNs signaling. Our findings are a significant contribution to the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of CHIKV infection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng J, Myers TG, Levinger C, Kumar P, Kumar J, Goshu BA, Bosque A, Catalfamo M. IL-27 induces IFN/STAT1-dependent genes and enhances function of TIGIT + HIVGag-specific T cells. iScience 2022; 25:103588. [PMID: 35005538 PMCID: PMC8717455 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific T cells have diminished effector function and fail to control/eliminate the virus. IL-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine superfamily has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. However, whether or not IL-27 can enhance HIV-specific T cell function is largely unknown. In the present manuscript, we investigated the role of IL-27 signaling in human T cells by evaluating the global transcriptional changes related to the function of HIV-specific T cells. We found that T cells from people living with HIV (PLWH), expressed higher levels of STAT1 leading to enhanced STAT1 activation upon IL-27 stimulation. Observed IL-27 induced transcriptional changes were associated with IFN/STAT1-dependent pathways in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Importantly, IL-27 dependent modulation of T-bet expression promoted IFNγ secretion by TIGIT+HIVGag-specific T cells. This new immunomodulatory effect of IL-27 on HIV-specific T cell function suggests its potential therapeutic use in cure strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Road, N.W, New Research Building, Room EG19A, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Callie Levinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jai Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bruktawit A. Goshu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Road, N.W, New Research Building, Room EG19A, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alberto Bosque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Road, N.W, New Research Building, Room EG19A, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pratumchai I, Zak J, Huang Z, Min B, Oldstone MBA, Teijaro JR. B cell-derived IL-27 promotes control of persistent LCMV infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116741119. [PMID: 35022243 PMCID: PMC8784116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116741119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified a critical role for B cell-produced cytokines in regulating both humoral and cellular immunity. Here, we show that B cells are an essential source of interleukin-27 (IL-27) during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 (Cl-13) infection. By using conditional knockout mouse models with specific IL-27p28 deletion in B cells, we observed that B cell-derived IL-27 promotes survival of virus-specific CD4 T cells and supports functions of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Mechanistically, B cell-derived IL-27 promotes CD4 T cell function, antibody class switch, and the ability to control persistent LCMV infection. Deletion of IL-27ra in T cells demonstrated that T cell-intrinsic IL-27R signaling is essential for viral control, optimal CD4 T cell responses, and antibody class switch during persistent LCMV infection. Collectively, our findings identify a cellular mechanism whereby B cell-derived IL-27 drives antiviral immunity and antibody responses through IL-27 signaling on T cells to promote control of LCMV Cl-13 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaraphorn Pratumchai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Jaroslav Zak
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Michael B A Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chronic LCMV Infection Is Fortified with Versatile Tactics to Suppress Host T Cell Immunity and Establish Viral Persistence. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101951. [PMID: 34696381 PMCID: PMC8537583 DOI: 10.3390/v13101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the immune regulatory strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), such as Clone 13, were isolated, LCMV infection of mice has served as a valuable model for the mechanistic study of viral immune suppression and virus persistence. The exhaustion of virus-specific T cells was demonstrated during LCMV infection, and the underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated using LCMV infection in mouse models. In particular, the mechanism for gradual CD8+ T cell exhaustion at molecular and transcriptional levels has been investigated. These studies revealed crucial roles for inhibitory receptors, surface markers, regulatory cytokines, and transcription factors, including PD-1, PSGL-1, CXCR5, and TOX in the regulation of T cells. However, the action mode for CD4+ T cell suppression is largely unknown. Recently, sphingosine kinase 2 was proven to specifically repress CD4+ T cell proliferation and lead to LCMV persistence. As CD4+ T cell regulation was also known to be important for viral persistence, research to uncover the mechanism for CD4+ T cell repression could help us better understand how viruses launch and prolong their persistence. This review summarizes discoveries derived from the study of LCMV in regard to the mechanisms for T cell suppression and approaches for the termination of viral persistence with special emphasis on CD8+ T cells.
Collapse
|
15
|
Valdés-López JF, Fernandez GJ, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Interleukin 27 as an inducer of antiviral response against chikungunya virus infection in human macrophages. Cell Immunol 2021; 367:104411. [PMID: 34325085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known to have a wide range of tropism in human cell types throughout infection, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages. We reported that human monocytes-derived macrophages (MDMs) are permissive to CHIKV infection in vitro. We found that the peak of CHIKV replication was at 24 hpi; however, at 48 hpi, a significant reduction in viral titer was observed that correlated with high expression levels of genes encoding antiviral proteins (AVPs) in an IFN-independent manner. To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of antiviral response in CHIKV-infected MDMs, we performed transcriptomic analysis by RNA-sequencing. Differential expression of genes at 24 hpi showed that CHIKV infection abrogated the expression of all types of IFNs in MDMs. However, we observed that CHIKV-infected MDMs activated the JAK-STAT signaling and induced a robust antiviral response associated with control of CHIKV replication. We identified that the IL27 pathway is activated in CHIKV-infected MDMs and that kinetics of IL27p28 mRNA expression and IL27 protein production correlated with the expression of AVPs in CHIKV-infected MDMs. Furthermore, we showed that stimulation of THP-1-derived macrophages with recombinant-human IL27 induced the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling and induced a robust pro-inflammatory and antiviral response, comparable to CHIKV-infected MDMs. Furthermore, pre-treatment of MDMs with recombinant-human IL27 inhibits CHIKV replication in a dose-dependently manner (IC50 = 1.83 ng/mL). Altogether, results show that IL27 is highly expressed in CHIKV-infected MDMs, leading to activation of JAK-STAT signaling and stimulation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral response to control CHIKV replication in an IFN-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Felipe Valdés-López
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Geysson J Fernandez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Odoardi N, Kourko O, Petes C, Basta S, Gee K. TLR7 Ligation Inhibits TLR8 Responsiveness in IL-27-Primed Human THP-1 Monocytes and Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:345-358. [PMID: 34058746 DOI: 10.1159/000515738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression is critical in the face of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus infections. Many viruses, including coronavirus and influenza virus, wreak havoc on the control of cytokine expression, leading to the formation of detrimental cytokine storms. Understanding the regulation and interplay between inflammatory cytokines is critical to the identification of targets involved in controlling the induction of cytokine expression. In this study, we focused on how the antiviral cytokine interleukin-27 (IL-27) regulates signal transduction downstream of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 ligation, which recognize endosomal single-stranded RNA. Given that IL-27 alters bacterial-sensing TLR expression on myeloid cells and can inhibit replication of single-stranded RNA viruses, we investigated whether IL-27 affects expression and function of TLR7 and TLR8. Analysis of IL-27-treated THP-1 monocytic cells and THP-1-derived macrophages revealed changes in mRNA and protein expression of TLR7 and TLR8. Although treatment with IL-27 enhanced TLR7 expression, only TLR8-mediated cytokine secretion was amplified. Furthermore, we demonstrated that imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, inhibited cytokine and chemokine production induced by a TLR8 agonist, TL8-506. Delineating the immunomodulatory role of IL-27 on TLR7 and TLR8 responses provides insight into how myeloid cell TLR-mediated responses are regulated during virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Odoardi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olena Kourko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlene Petes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameh Basta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Min B, Kim D, Feige MJ. IL-30 † (IL-27A): a familiar stranger in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:823-834. [PMID: 34045653 PMCID: PMC8178335 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, interleukin (IL)-27 has received much attention because of its highly divergent, sometimes even opposing, functions in immunity. IL-30, the p28 subunit that forms IL-27 together with Ebi3 and is also known as IL-27p28 or IL-27A, has been considered a surrogate to represent IL-27. However, it was later discovered that IL-30 can form complexes with other protein subunits, potentially leading to overlapping or discrete functions. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that IL-30 itself may perform immunomodulatory functions independent of Ebi3 or other binding partners and that IL-30 production is strongly associated with certain cancers in humans. In this review, we will discuss the biology of IL-30 and other IL-30-associated cytokines and their functions in inflammation and cancer. Studying the ways that interleukin IL-30 regulates immune responses may provide novel insights into tumor development and inflammatory conditions. Interleukins are a diverse family of proteins involved in intercellular communications and immunity, where they can exert divergent and even opposing functions. Booki Min at Northwestern University in Chicago, USA, and co-workers reviewed the current understanding of IL-30 and its links to inflammation and cancer. IL-30 forms the IL-27 complex with the Ebi3 protein and was thought to be a surrogate for IL-27 in terms of activity. However, recent insights suggest that IL-30 may perform discrete immune modulation functions. Elevated IL-30 secretion is linked to prostate and breast cancer development. Extensive research is needed into the formation of IL-30, its associated protein interactions, and the development of a suitable animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ochayon DE, Waggoner SN. The Effect of Unconventional Cytokine Combinations on NK-Cell Responses to Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645850. [PMID: 33815404 PMCID: PMC8017335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble and membrane-bound factors that dictate immune responses. Dogmatically, cytokines are divided into families that promote type 1 cell-mediated immune responses (e.g., IL-12) or type 2 humoral responses (e.g., IL-4), each capable of antagonizing the opposing family of cytokines. The discovery of additional families of cytokines (e.g., IL-17) has added complexity to this model, but it was the realization that immune responses frequently comprise mixtures of different types of cytokines that dismantled this black-and-white paradigm. In some cases, one type of response may dominate these mixed milieus in disease pathogenesis and thereby present a clear therapeutic target. Alternatively, synergistic or blended cytokine responses may obfuscate the origins of disease and perplex clinical decision making. Most immune cells express receptors for many types of cytokines and can mediate a myriad of functions important for tolerance, immunity, tissue damage, and repair. In this review, we will describe the unconventional effects of a variety of cytokines on the activity of a prototypical type 1 effector, the natural killer (NK) cell, and discuss how this may impact the contributions of these cells to health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ochayon
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stephen N. Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Morrow KN, Liang Z, Xue M, Chihade DB, Sun Y, Chen CW, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. The IL-27 receptor regulates TIGIT on memory CD4 + T cells during sepsis. iScience 2021; 24:102093. [PMID: 33615199 PMCID: PMC7881227 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with significant impairment in memory T cells. These changes include the upregulation of co-inhibitory markers, a decrease in functionality, and an increase in apoptosis. Due to recent studies describing IL-27 regulation of TIGIT and PD-1, we assessed whether IL-27 impacts these co-inhibitory molecules in sepsis. Based on these data, we hypothesized that IL-27 was responsible for T cell dysfunction during sepsis. Using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, we found that IL-27Rα was associated with the upregulation of TIGIT on memory CD4+ T cells following CLP. However, IL-27 was not associated with sepsis mortality. Numbers of IL-27Rα+ memory T cells are decreased following cecal ligation and puncture TIGIT is expressed on more IL-27Rα+ versus IL-27Rα− memory CD4+ T cells during sepsis Il27ra−/− and WT T cells exhibit similar effector function and apoptosis during sepsis IL-27 signaling does not impact sepsis mortality
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Morrow
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.,Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Deena B Chihade
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| | - Yini Sun
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.,Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.,Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA.,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feng H, Zhang YB, Gui JF, Lemon SM, Yamane D. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and anti-pathogen innate immune responses. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009220. [PMID: 33476326 PMCID: PMC7819612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The eponymous member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, IRF1, was originally identified as a nuclear factor that binds and activates the promoters of type I interferon genes. However, subsequent studies using genetic knockouts or RNAi-mediated depletion of IRF1 provide a much broader view, linking IRF1 to a wide range of functions in protection against invading pathogens. Conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, IRF1 has been shown in recent years to mediate constitutive as well as inducible host defenses against a variety of viruses. Fine-tuning of these ancient IRF1-mediated host defenses, and countering strategies by pathogens to disarm IRF1, play crucial roles in pathogenesis and determining the outcome of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Stanley M. Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SML); (DY)
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SML); (DY)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rapid in vitro generation of bona fide exhausted CD8+ T cells is accompanied by Tcf7 promotor methylation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008555. [PMID: 32579593 PMCID: PMC7340326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustion is a dysfunctional state of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) observed in chronic infection and cancer. Current in vivo models of CTL exhaustion using chronic viral infections or cancer yield very few exhausted CTL, limiting the analysis that can be done on these cells. Establishing an in vitro system that rapidly induces CTL exhaustion would therefore greatly facilitate the study of this phenotype, identify the truly exhaustion-associated changes and allow the testing of novel approaches to reverse or prevent exhaustion. Here we show that repeat stimulation of purified TCR transgenic OT-I CTL with their specific peptide induces all the functional (reduced cytokine production and polyfunctionality, decreased in vivo expansion capacity) and phenotypic (increased inhibitory receptors expression and transcription factor changes) characteristics of exhaustion. Importantly, in vitro exhausted cells shared the transcriptomic characteristics of the gold standard of exhaustion, CTL from LCMV cl13 infections. Gene expression of both in vitro and in vivo exhausted CTL was distinct from T cell anergy. Using this system, we show that Tcf7 promoter DNA methylation contributes to TCF1 downregulation in exhausted CTL. Thus this novel in vitro system can be used to identify genes and signaling pathways involved in exhaustion and will facilitate the screening of reagents that prevent/reverse CTL exhaustion.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kwock JT, Handfield C, Suwanpradid J, Hoang P, McFadden MJ, Labagnara KF, Floyd L, Shannon J, Uppala R, Sarkar MK, Gudjonsson JE, Corcoran DL, Lazear HM, Sempowski G, Horner SM, MacLeod AS. IL-27 signaling activates skin cells to induce innate antiviral proteins and protects against Zika virus infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay3245. [PMID: 32270034 PMCID: PMC7112749 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the skin, antiviral proteins and other immune molecules serve as the first line of innate antiviral defense. Here, we identify and characterize the induction of cutaneous innate antiviral proteins in response to IL-27 and its functional role during cutaneous defense against Zika virus infection. Transcriptional and phenotypic profiling of epidermal keratinocytes treated with IL-27 demonstrated activation of antiviral proteins OAS1, OAS2, OASL, and MX1 in the skin of both mice and humans. IL-27-mediated antiviral protein induction was found to occur in a STAT1- and IRF3-dependent but STAT2-independent manner. Moreover, using IL27ra mice, we demonstrate a significant role for IL-27 in inhibiting Zika virus morbidity and mortality following cutaneous, but not intravenous, inoculation. Together, our results demonstrate a critical and previously unrecognized role for IL-27 in cutaneous innate antiviral immunity against Zika virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery T. Kwock
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chelsea Handfield
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peter Hoang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael J. McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin F. Labagnara
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lauren Floyd
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jessica Shannon
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ranjitha Uppala
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mrinal K. Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David L. Corcoran
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Helen M. Lazear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Gregory Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Stacy M. Horner
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda S. MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morrow KN, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. IL-17, IL-27, and IL-33: A Novel Axis Linked to Immunological Dysfunction During Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1982. [PMID: 31507598 PMCID: PMC6713916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite numerous attempts to identify effective therapeutics. While some sepsis deaths are attributable to tissue damage caused by inflammation, most mortality is the result of prolonged immunosuppression. Ex vivo, immunosuppression during sepsis is evidenced by a sharp decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by T cells and other leukocytes and increased lymphocyte apoptosis. This allows suppressive cytokines to exert a greater inhibitory effect on lymphocytes upon antigen exposure. While some pre-clinical and clinical trials have demonstrated utility in targeting cytokines that promote lymphocyte survival, this has not led to the approval of any therapies for clinical use. As cytokines with a more global impact on the immune system are also altered by sepsis, they represent novel and potentially valuable therapeutic targets. Recent evidence links interleukin (IL)-17, IL-27, and IL-33 to alterations in the immune response during sepsis using patient serum and murine models of peritonitis and pneumonia. Elevated levels of IL-17 and IL-27 are found in the serum of pediatric and adult septic patients early after sepsis onset and have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers. In contrast, IL-33 levels increase in patient serum during the immunosuppressive stage of sepsis and remain high for more than 5 months after recovery. All three cytokines contribute to immunological dysfunction during sepsis by disrupting the balance between type 1, 2, and 17 immune responses. This review will describe how IL-17, IL-27, and IL-33 exert these effects during sepsis and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Morrow
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wong KA, Harker JA, Dolgoter A, Marooki N, Zuniga EI. T Cell-Intrinsic IL-6R Signaling Is Required for Optimal ICOS Expression and Viral Control during Chronic Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1509-1520. [PMID: 31413107 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine IL-6 plays an integral role not only in innate inflammatory responses but also in the activation and differentiation of lymphocyte subsets. In this study, by using a conditional knockout (cKO) model with selective IL-6 receptor deletion in T cells (IL-6R-cKO), we demonstrated that T cell-specific IL-6R signaling is essential for viral control during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 infection. Strikingly, we observed that in contrast to previous studies with ubiquitous IL-6 deletion or blockade, specific IL-6R deletion in T cells did not affect T follicular helper (Tfh) cell accumulation unless IL-6R-deficient T cells were competing with wild-type cells in mixed bone marrow chimeras. In contrast, Tfh cells from IL-6R-cKO-infected mice exhibited reduced ICOS expression in both chimeric and nonchimeric settings, and this sole identifiable Tfh defect was associated with reduced germinal centers, compromised Ig switch and low avidity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific Abs despite intact IL-6R expression in B cells. We posit that IL-6R cis-signaling is absolutely required for appropriate ICOS expression in Tfh cells and provides a competitive advantage for Tfh accumulation, enabling generation of optimal B cell and Ab responses, and ultimately viral control during in vivo chronic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Wong
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - James A Harker
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Aleksandr Dolgoter
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nuha Marooki
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Elina I Zuniga
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang Z, Zak J, Pratumchai I, Shaabani N, Vartabedian VF, Nguyen N, Wu T, Xiao C, Teijaro JR. IL-27 promotes the expansion of self-renewing CD8 + T cells in persistent viral infection. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1791-1808. [PMID: 31164392 PMCID: PMC6683984 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR5+ TCF1+ CD8+ T cells sustain responses during persistent viral infection and mediate the proliferative burst following anti-PD1 treatment. Huang et al. show that IL-27 supports rapid division of these cells by competing with type 1 interferon for STAT1, driving IRF1 expression and preventing cell death. Chronic infection and cancer are associated with suppressed T cell responses in the presence of cognate antigen. Recent work identified memory-like CXCR5+ TCF1+ CD8+ T cells that sustain T cell responses during persistent infection and proliferate upon anti-PD1 treatment. Approaches to expand these cells are sought. We show that blockade of interferon type 1 (IFN-I) receptor leads to CXCR5+ CD8+ T cell expansion in an IL-27– and STAT1-dependent manner. IFNAR1 blockade promoted accelerated cell division and retention of TCF1 in virus-specific CD8+ T cells. We found that CD8+ T cell–intrinsic IL-27 signaling safeguards the ability of TCF1hi cells to maintain proliferation and avoid terminal differentiation or programmed cell death. Mechanistically, IL-27 endowed rapidly dividing cells with IRF1, a transcription factor that was required for sustained division in a cell-intrinsic manner. These findings reveal that IL-27 opposes IFN-I to uncouple effector differentiation from cell division and suggest that IL-27 signaling could be exploited to augment self-renewing T cells in chronic infections and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jaroslav Zak
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Isaraphorn Pratumchai
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Namir Shaabani
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Vincent F Vartabedian
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nhan Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou F, Zhang GX, Rostami A. Distinct Role of IL-27 in Immature and LPS-Induced Mature Dendritic Cell-Mediated Development of CD4 + CD127 +3G11 + Regulatory T Cell Subset. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2562. [PMID: 30483251 PMCID: PMC6244609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) plays an important role in regulation of anti-inflammatory responses and autoimmunity; however, the molecular mechanisms of IL-27 in modulation of immune tolerance and autoimmunity have not been fully elucidated. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in regulating immune responses mediated by innate and adaptive immune systems, but regulatory mechanisms of DCs in CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses have not yet been elucidated. Here we show that IL-27 treated mature DCs induced by LPS inhibit immune tolerance mediated by LPS-stimulated DCs. IL-27 treatment facilitates development of the CD4+ CD127+3G11+ regulatory T cell subset in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, IL-27 treated immature DCs fail to modulate development of the CD4+CD127+3G11+ regulatory T cell sub-population in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that IL-27 may break immune tolerance induced by LPS-stimulated mature DCs through modulating development of a specific CD4+ regulatory T cell subset mediated by 3G11 and CD127. Our data reveal a new cellular regulatory mechanism of IL-27 that targets DC-mediated immune responses in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wehrens EJ, Wong KA, Gupta A, Khan A, Benedict CA, Zuniga EI. IL-27 regulates the number, function and cytotoxic program of antiviral CD4 T cells and promotes cytomegalovirus persistence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201249. [PMID: 30044874 PMCID: PMC6059457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of IL-27 in antiviral immunity is still incompletely understood, especially in the context of chronic viruses that induce a unique environment in their infected host. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes a persistent, tissue localized infection followed by lifelong latency. CMV infects the majority of people and although asymptomatic in healthy individuals, can cause serious disease or death in those with naïve or compromised immune systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a protective CMV vaccine for people at-risk and identifying key regulators of the protective immune response towards CMV will be crucial. Here we studied mouse CMV (MCMV) in IL-27 receptor deficient animals (Il27ra-/-) to assess the role of IL-27 in regulating CMV immunity. We found that IL-27 enhanced the number of antiviral CD4 T cells upon infection. However, in contrast to a well-established role for CD4 T cells in controlling persistent replication and a positive effect of IL-27 on their numbers, IL-27 promoted MCMV persistence in the salivary gland. This coincided with IL-27 mediated induction of IL-10 production in CD4 T cells. Moreover, IL-27 reduced expression of the transcription factor T-bet and restricted a cytotoxic phenotype in antiviral CD4 T cells. This is a highly intriguing result given the profound cytotoxic phenotype of CMV-specific CD4 T cells seen in humans and we established that dendritic cell derived IL-27 was responsible for this effect. Together, these data show that IL-27 regulates the number and effector functions of MCMV-specific CD4 T cells and could be targeted to enhance control of persistent/latent infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J. Wehrens
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kurt A. Wong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ankan Gupta
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chris A. Benedict
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Elina I. Zuniga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|