1
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Dias J, Fabozzi G, Fourati S, Chen X, Liu C, Ambrozak DR, Ransier A, Laboune F, Hu J, Shi W, March K, Maximova AA, Schmidt SD, Samsel J, Talana CA, Ernste K, Ko SH, Lucas ME, Radecki PE, Boswell KL, Nishimura Y, Todd JP, Martin MA, Petrovas C, Boritz EA, Doria-Rose NA, Douek DC, Sékaly RP, Lifson JD, Asokan M, Gama L, Mascola JR, Pegu A, Koup RA. Administration of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies with increased affinity to Fcγ receptors during acute SHIV AD8-EO infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7461. [PMID: 39198422 PMCID: PMC11358508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have the dual potential of mediating virus neutralization and antiviral effector functions through their Fab and Fc domains, respectively. So far, bNAbs with enhanced Fc effector functions in vitro have only been tested in NHPs during chronic simian-HIV (SHIV) infection. Here, we investigate the effects of administering in acute SHIVAD8-EO infection either wild-type (WT) bNAbs or bNAbs carrying the S239D/I332E/A330L (DEL) mutation, which increases binding to FcγRs. Emergence of virus in plasma and lymph nodes (LNs) was delayed by bNAb treatment and occurred earlier in monkeys given DEL bNAbs than in those given WT bNAbs, consistent with faster clearance of DEL bNAbs from plasma. DEL bNAb-treated monkeys had higher levels of circulating virus-specific IFNγ single-producing CD8+ CD69+ T cells than the other groups. In LNs, WT bNAbs were evenly distributed between follicular and extrafollicular areas, but DEL bNAbs predominated in the latter. At week 8 post-challenge, LN monocytes and NK cells from DEL bNAb-treated monkeys upregulated proinflammatory signaling pathways and LN T cells downregulated TNF signaling via NF-κB. Overall, bNAbs with increased affinity to FcγRs shape innate and adaptive cellular immunity, which may be important to consider in future strategies of passive bNAb therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Dias
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Fabozzi
- Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Slim Fourati
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Ambrozak
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianfei Hu
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kylie March
- Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna A Maximova
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Humoral Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jakob Samsel
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Chloe A Talana
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keenan Ernste
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sung Hee Ko
- Virus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret E Lucas
- Virus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pierce E Radecki
- Virus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin L Boswell
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Translational Research Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Malcolm A Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eli A Boritz
- Virus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Humoral Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sékaly
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Amarendra Pegu
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Shapiro MB, Ordonez T, Pandey S, Mahyari E, Onwuzu K, Reed J, Sidener H, Smedley J, Colgin LM, Johnson A, Lewis AD, Bimber B, Sacha JB, Hessell AJ, Haigwood NL. Immune perturbation following SHIV infection is greater in newborn macaques than in infants. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e144448. [PMID: 39190496 PMCID: PMC11466190 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmission of HIV-1 to newborns and infants remains high, with 130,000 new infections in 2022 in resource-limited settings. Half of HIV-infected newborns, if untreated, progress to disease and death within 2 years. While immunologic immaturity likely promotes pathogenesis and poor viral control, little is known about immune damage in newborns and infants. Here we examined pathologic, virologic, and immunologic outcomes in rhesus macaques exposed to pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) at 1-2 weeks, defined as newborns, or at 4 months of age, considered infants. Kinetics of plasma viremia and lymph node seeding DNA were indistinguishable in newborns and infants, but levels of viral DNA in gut and lymphoid tissues 6-10 weeks after infection were significantly higher in newborns versus either infant or adult macaques. Two of 6 newborns with the highest viral seeding required euthanasia at 25 days. We observed age-dependent alterations in leukocyte subsets and gene expression. Compared with infants, newborns had stronger skewing of monocytes and CD8+ T cells toward differentiated subsets and little evidence of type I interferon responses by transcriptomic analyses. Thus, SHIV infection reveals distinct immunological alterations in newborn and infant macaques. These studies lay the groundwork for understanding how immune maturation affects pathogenesis in pediatric HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya B. Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Eisa Mahyari
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology and
- Genetics Division, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Kosiso Onwuzu
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology and
- Genetics Division, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason Reed
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Heather Sidener
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Lois M. Colgin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Anne D. Lewis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Benjamin Bimber
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology and
- Genetics Division, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jonah B. Sacha
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology and
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Nancy L. Haigwood
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology and
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3
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Mahomed S. Broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV prevention: a comprehensive review and future perspectives. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0015222. [PMID: 38687039 PMCID: PMC11324036 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00152-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic remains a formidable global health concern, with 39 million people living with the virus and 1.3 million new infections reported in 2022. Despite anti-retroviral therapy's effectiveness in pre-exposure prophylaxis, its global adoption is limited. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer an alternative strategy for HIV prevention through passive immunization. Historically, passive immunization has been efficacious in the treatment of various diseases ranging from oncology to infectious diseases. Early clinical trials suggest bNAbs are safe, tolerable, and capable of reducing HIV RNA levels. Although challenges such as bNAb resistance have been noted in phase I trials, ongoing research aims to assess the additive or synergistic benefits of combining multiple bNAbs. Researchers are exploring bispecific and trispecific antibodies, and fragment crystallizable region modifications to augment antibody efficacy and half-life. Moreover, the potential of other antibody isotypes like IgG3 and IgA is under investigation. While promising, the application of bNAbs faces economic and logistical barriers. High manufacturing costs, particularly in resource-limited settings, and logistical challenges like cold-chain requirements pose obstacles. Preliminary studies suggest cost-effectiveness, although this is contingent on various factors like efficacy and distribution. Technological advancements and strategic partnerships may mitigate some challenges, but issues like molecular aggregation remain. The World Health Organization has provided preferred product characteristics for bNAbs, focusing on optimizing their efficacy, safety, and accessibility. The integration of bNAbs in HIV prophylaxis necessitates a multi-faceted approach, considering economic, logistical, and scientific variables. This review comprehensively covers the historical context, current advancements, and future avenues of bNAbs in HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharana Mahomed
- Centre for the AIDS
Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical
Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,
South Africa
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4
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De Meyer A, Meuleman P. Preclinical animal models to evaluate therapeutic antiviral antibodies. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105843. [PMID: 38548022 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the availability of effective preventative vaccines and potent small-molecule antiviral drugs, effective non-toxic prophylactic and therapeutic measures are still lacking for many viruses. The use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in an antiviral context could fill this gap and provide effective virus-specific medical interventions. In order to develop these therapeutic antibodies, preclinical animal models are of utmost importance. Due to the variability in viral pathogenesis, immunity and overall characteristics, the most representative animal model for human viral infection differs between virus species. Therefore, throughout the years researchers sought to find the ideal preclinical animal model for each virus. The most used animal models in preclinical research include rodents (mice, ferrets, …) and non-human primates (macaques, chimpanzee, ….). Currently, antibodies are tested for antiviral efficacy against a variety of viruses including different hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rabies virus. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about the preclinical animal models that are used for the evaluation of therapeutic antibodies for the abovementioned viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Pegu A, Lovelace SE, DeMouth ME, Cully MD, Morris DJ, Li Y, Wang K, Schmidt SD, Choe M, Liu C, Chen X, Viox E, Rowshan A, Taft JD, Zhang B, Xu K, Duan H, Ou L, Todd JP, Kong R, Li H, Shaw GM, Doria-Rose NA, Kwong PD, Koup RA, Mascola JR. Antibodies targeting the fusion peptide on the HIV envelope provide protection to rhesus macaques against mucosal SHIV challenge. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadh9039. [PMID: 38232141 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The fusion peptide (FP) on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer can be targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here, we evaluated the ability of a human FP-directed bNAb, VRC34.01, along with two vaccine-elicited anti-FP rhesus macaque mAbs, DFPH-a.15 and DF1W-a.01, to protect against simian-HIV (SHIV)BG505 challenge. VRC34.01 neutralized SHIVBG505 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.58 μg/ml, whereas DF1W-a.01 and DFPH-a.15 were 4- or 30-fold less potent, respectively. VRC34.01 was infused into four rhesus macaques at a dose of 10 mg/kg and four rhesus macaques at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. The animals were intrarectally challenged 5 days later with SHIVBG505. In comparison with all 12 control animals that became infected, all four animals infused with VRC34.01 (10 mg/kg) and three out of four animals infused with VRC34.01 (2.5 mg/kg) remained uninfected. Because of the lower potency of DF1W-a.01 and DFPH-a.15 against SHIVBG505, we infused both Abs at a higher dose of 100 mg/kg into four rhesus macaques each, followed by SHIVBG505 challenge 5 days later. Three of four animals that received DF1W-a.01 were protected against infection, whereas all animals that received DFPH-a.15 were protected. Overall, the protective serum neutralization titers observed in these animals were similar to what has been observed for other bNAbs in similar SHIV infection models and in human clinical trials. In conclusion, FP-directed mAbs can thus provide dose-dependent in vivo protection against mucosal SHIV challenges, supporting the development of prophylactic vaccines targeting the HIV-1 Env FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah E Lovelace
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megan E DeMouth
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle D Cully
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elise Viox
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ariana Rowshan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin D Taft
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongying Duan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Prévost J, Anand SP, Rajashekar JK, Zhu L, Richard J, Goyette G, Medjahed H, Gendron-Lepage G, Chen HC, Chen Y, Horwitz JA, Grunst MW, Zolla-Pazner S, Haynes BF, Burton DR, Flavell RA, Kirchhoff F, Hahn BH, Smith AB, Pazgier M, Nussenzweig MC, Kumar P, Finzi A. HIV-1 Vpu restricts Fc-mediated effector functions in vivo. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111624. [PMID: 36351384 PMCID: PMC9703018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) can eliminate HIV-1-infected cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and were identified as a correlate of protection in the RV144 vaccine trial. Fc-mediated effector functions of nnAbs were recently shown to alter the course of HIV-1 infection in vivo using a vpu-defective virus. Since Vpu is known to downregulate cell-surface CD4, which triggers conformational changes in the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), we ask whether the lack of Vpu expression was linked to the observed nnAbs activity. We find that restoring Vpu expression greatly reduces nnAb recognition of infected cells, rendering them resistant to ADCC. Moreover, administration of nnAbs in humanized mice reduces viral loads only in animals infected with a vpu-defective but not with a wild-type virus. CD4-mimetics administration, known to "open" Env and expose nnAb epitopes, renders wild-type viruses sensitive to nnAbs Fc-effector functions. This work highlights the importance of Vpu-mediated evasion of humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jyothi Krishnaswamy Rajashekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Joshua A Horwitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael W Grunst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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7
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Lovelace SE, Helmold Hait S, Yang ES, Fox ML, Liu C, Choe M, Chen X, McCarthy E, Todd JP, Woodward RA, Koup RA, Mascola JR, Pegu A. Anti-viral efficacy of a next-generation CD4-binding site bNAb in SHIV-infected animals in the absence of anti-drug antibody responses. iScience 2022; 25:105067. [PMID: 36157588 PMCID: PMC9490026 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 are promising immunotherapeutic agents for treatment of HIV-1 infection. bNAbs can be administered to SHIV-infected rhesus macaques to assess their anti-viral efficacy; however, their delivery into macaques often leads to rapid formation of anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses limiting such assessment. Here, we depleted B cells in five SHIV-infected rhesus macaques by pretreatment with a depleting anti-CD20 antibody prior to bNAb infusions to reduce ADA. Peripheral B cells were depleted following anti-CD20 infusions and remained depleted for at least 9 weeks after the 1st anti-CD20 infusion. Plasma viremia dropped by more than 100-fold in viremic animals after the initial bNAb treatment. No significant humoral ADA responses were detected for as long as B cells remained depleted. Our results indicate that transient B cell depletion successfully inhibited emergence of ADA and improved the assessment of anti-viral efficacy of a bNAb in a SHIV-infected rhesus macaque model. Highly potent CD4bs bNAb reduces viremia up to 4 log10 in SHIV-infected animals Sustained B cell depletion prevents development of ADA responses Lack of ADA enables multiple bNAb infusions over 12 weeks
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Lovelace
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madison L Fox
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruth A Woodward
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Stam JC, de Maat S, de Jong D, Arens M, van Lint F, Gharu L, van Roosmalen MH, Roovers RC, Strokappe NM, Wagner R, Kliche A, de Haard HJ, van Bergen En Henegouwen PM, Nijhuis M, Verrips CT. Directing HIV-1 for degradation by non-target cells, using bi-specific single-chain llama antibodies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13413. [PMID: 35927444 PMCID: PMC9352707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While vaccination against HIV-1 has been so far unsuccessful, recently broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein were shown to induce long-term suppression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy in patients with antibody-sensitive viral reservoirs. The requirement of neutralizing antibodies indicates that the antibody mediated removal (clearance) of HIV-1 in itself is not efficient enough in these immune compromised patients. Here we present a novel, alternative approach that is independent of a functional immune system to clear HIV-1, by capturing the virus and redirecting it to non-target cells where it is internalized and degraded. We use bispecific antibodies with domains derived from small single chain Llama antibodies (VHHs). These bind with one domain to HIV-1 envelope proteins and with the other domain direct the virus to cells expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor that is ubiquitously expressed in the body. We show that HIV envelope proteins, virus-like particles and HIV-1 viruses (representing HIV-1 subtypes A, B and C) are efficiently recruited to EGFR, internalized and degraded in the lysosomal pathway at low nM concentrations of bispecific VHHs. This directed degradation in non-target cells may provide a clearance platform for the removal of viruses and other unwanted agents from the circulation, including toxins, and may thus provide a novel method for curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jord C Stam
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Steven de Maat
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien de Jong
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathia Arens
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fenna van Lint
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lavina Gharu
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H van Roosmalen
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Intervet, Wim de Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,LAVA Therapeutics, Yalelaan 60, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nika M Strokappe
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Molecular Microbiology and Gene Therapy, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kliche
- Molecular Microbiology and Gene Therapy, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans J de Haard
- Argenx, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Paul M van Bergen En Henegouwen
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Nijhuis
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Theo Verrips
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,QVQ Holding BV, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Kreider EF, Bar KJ. HIV-1 Reservoir Persistence and Decay: Implications for Cure Strategies. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:194-206. [PMID: 35404007 PMCID: PMC10443186 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), a viral reservoir persists in individuals living with HIV that can reignite systemic replication should treatment be interrupted. Understanding how HIV-1 persists through effective ART is essential to develop cure strategies to induce ART-free virus remission. RECENT FINDINGS The HIV-1 reservoir resides in a pool of CD4-expressing cells as a range of viral species, a subset of which is genetically intact. Recent studies suggest that the reservoir on ART is highly dynamic, with expansion and contraction of virus-infected cells over time. Overall, the intact proviral reservoir declines faster than defective viruses, suggesting enhanced immune clearance or cellular turnover. Upon treatment interruption, rebound viruses demonstrate escape from adaptive and innate immune responses, implicating these selective pressures in restriction of virus reactivation. Cure strategies employing immunotherapy are poised to test whether host immune pressure can be augmented to enhance reservoir suppression or clearance. Alternatively, genomic engineering approaches are being applied to directly eliminate intact viruses and shrink the replication-competent virus pool. New evidence suggests host immunity exerts selective pressure on reservoir viruses and clears HIV-1 infected cells over years on ART. Efforts to build on the detectable, but insufficient, reservoir clearance via empiric testing in clinical trials will inform our understanding of mechanisms of viral persistence and the direction of future cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Kreider
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Stemmler Hall Room 130-150, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6073, USA
| | - Katharine J Bar
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 502D Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104‑0673, USA.
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10
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Pegu A, Xu L, DeMouth ME, Fabozzi G, March K, Almasri CG, Cully MD, Wang K, Yang ES, Dias J, Fennessey CM, Hataye J, Wei RR, Rao E, Casazza JP, Promsote W, Asokan M, McKee K, Schmidt SD, Chen X, Liu C, Shi W, Geng H, Foulds KE, Kao SF, Noe A, Li H, Shaw GM, Zhou T, Petrovas C, Todd JP, Keele BF, Lifson JD, Doria-Rose N, Koup RA, Yang ZY, Nabel GJ, Mascola JR. Potent anti-viral activity of a trispecific HIV neutralizing antibody in SHIV-infected monkeys. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110199. [PMID: 34986348 PMCID: PMC8767641 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) represent an alternative to drug therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Immunotherapy with single bNAbs often leads to emergence of escape variants, suggesting a potential benefit of combination bNAb therapy. Here, a trispecific bNAb reduces viremia 100- to 1000-fold in viremic SHIV-infected macaques. After treatment discontinuation, viremia rebounds transiently and returns to low levels, through CD8-mediated immune control. These viruses remain sensitive to the trispecific antibody, despite loss of sensitivity to one of the parental bNAbs. Similarly, the trispecific bNAb suppresses the emergence of resistance in viruses derived from HIV-1-infected subjects, in contrast to parental bNAbs. Trispecific HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies, therefore, mediate potent antiviral activity in vivo and may minimize the potential for immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ling Xu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Megan E. DeMouth
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Fabozzi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kylie March
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra G. Almasri
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle D. Cully
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joana Dias
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine M. Fennessey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jason Hataye
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ercole Rao
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Joseph P. Casazza
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wanwisa Promsote
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shing-Fen Kao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Noe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George M. Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Gary J. Nabel
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge MA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: G.J.N: , phone: 857-233-9936; J.R.M. ; 301-496-1852
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA,Lead contact,To whom correspondence should be addressed: G.J.N: , phone: 857-233-9936; J.R.M. ; 301-496-1852
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11
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Lee WS, Reynaldi A, Amarasena T, Davenport MP, Parsons MS, Kent SJ. Anti-Drug Antibodies in Pigtailed Macaques Receiving HIV Broadly Neutralising Antibody PGT121. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749891. [PMID: 34867979 PMCID: PMC8636046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) may play an important role in future strategies for HIV control. The development of anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses can reduce the efficacy of passively transferred bNAbs but the impact of ADA is imperfectly understood. We previously showed that therapeutic administration of the anti-HIV bNAb PGT121 (either WT or LALA version) controlled viraemia in pigtailed macaques with ongoing SHIV infection. We now report on 23 macaques that had multiple treatments with PGT121. We found that an increasing number of intravenous doses of PGT121 or human IgG1 isotype control antibodies (2-4 doses) results in anti-PGT121 ADA induction and low plasma concentrations of PGT121. ADA was associated with poor or absent suppression of SHIV viremia. Notably, ADA within macaque plasma recognised another human bNAb 10E8 but did not bind to the variable domains of PGT121, suggesting that ADA were primarily directed against the constant regions of the human antibodies. These findings have implications for the development of preclinical studies examining multiple infusions of human bNAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Thakshila Amarasena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew S Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Dias J, Fabozzi G, March K, Asokan M, Almasri CG, Fintzi J, Promsote W, Nishimura Y, Todd JP, Lifson JD, Martin MA, Gama L, Petrovas C, Pegu A, Mascola JR, Koup RA. Concordance of immunological events between intrarectal and intravenous SHIVAD8-EO infection when assessed by Fiebig-equivalent staging. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151632. [PMID: 34623326 PMCID: PMC8409578 DOI: 10.1172/jci151632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary HIV-1 infection can be classified into six Fiebig stages based on virological and serological laboratory testing, whereas simian-HIV (SHIV) infection in nonhuman primates (NHPs) is defined in time post-infection, making it difficult to extrapolate NHP experiments to the clinics. We identified and extensively characterized the Fiebig-equivalent stages in NHPs challenged intrarectally or intravenously with SHIVAD8-EO. During the first month post-challenge, intrarectally challenged monkeys were up to 1 week delayed in progression through stages. However, regardless of the challenge route, stages I-II predominated before, and stages V-VI predominated after, peak viremia. Decrease in lymph node (LN) CD4+ T cell frequency and rise in CD8+ T cells occurred at stage V. LN virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses, dominated by degranulation and TNF, were first detected at stage V and increased at stage VI. A similar late elevation in follicular CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells occurred, consistent with higher plasma CXCL13 levels at these stages. LN SHIVAD8-EO RNA+ cells were present at stage II, but appeared to decline at stage VI when virions accumulated in follicles. Fiebig-equivalent staging of SHIVAD8-EO infection revealed concordance of immunological events between intrarectal and intravenous infection despite different infection progressions, and can inform comparisons of NHP studies with clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Dias
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center
| | | | - Kylie March
- Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John-Paul Todd
- Translational Research Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lucio Gama
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center
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13
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Niu M, Wong YC, Wang H, Li X, Chan CY, Zhang Q, Ling L, Cheng L, Wang R, Du Y, Yim LY, Jin X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Chen Z. Tandem bispecific antibody prevents pathogenic SHIV SF162P3CN infection and disease progression. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109611. [PMID: 34433029 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although progress has been made on constructing potent bi-specific broadly neutralizing antibody (bi-bNAb), few bi-bNAbs have been evaluated against HIV-1/AIDS in non-human primates (NHPs). Here, we report the efficacy of a tandem bi-bNAb, namely BiIA-SG, in Chinese-origin rhesus macaques (CRM) against the CRM-adapted R5-tropic pathogenic SHIVSF162P3CN challenge. Pre-exposure BiIA-SG injection prevents productive viral infection in 6 of 6 CRMs with unmeasurable proviral load, T cell responses, and seroconversion. Single BiIA-SG injection, at day 1 or 3 post viral challenge, significantly reduces peak viremia, achieves undetectable setpoint viremia in 8 of 13 CRMs, and delays disease progression for years in treated CRMs. In contrast, 6 of 8 untreated CRMs develop simian AIDS within 2 years. BiIA-SG-induced long-term protection is associated with CD8+ T cells as determined by anti-CD8β antibody depletion experiments. Our findings provide a proof-of-concept that bi-bNAb treatment elicits T cell immunity in NHPs, which warrant the clinical development of BiIA-SG for HIV-1 prevention and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Niu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, People's Repubic of China
| | - Chun Yin Chan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ling
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoke Wang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Du
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lok Yan Yim
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Jin
- Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoji Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, People's Repubic of China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Wen J, Cheever T, Wang L, Wu D, Reed J, Mascola J, Chen X, Liu C, Pegu A, Sacha JB, Lu Y, Haigwood NL, Chen ISY. Improved delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies by nanocapsules suppresses SHIV infection in the CNS of infant rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009738. [PMID: 34283885 PMCID: PMC8323878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) directed to HIV-1 have shown promise at suppressing viremia in animal models. However, the use of bNAbs for the central nervous system (CNS) infection is confounded by poor penetration of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Typically, antibody concentrations in the CNS are extremely low; with levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) only 0.1% of blood concentrations. Using a novel nanotechnology platform, which we term nanocapsules, we show effective transportation of the human bNAb PGT121 across the BBB in infant rhesus macaques upon systemic administration up to 1.6% of plasma concentration. We demonstrate that a single dose of PGT121 encased in nanocapsules when delivered at 48h post-infection delays early acute infection with SHIVSF162P3 in infants, with one of four animals demonstrating viral clearance. Importantly, the nanocapsule delivery of PGT121 improves suppression of SHIV infection in the CNS relative to controls. In patients where HIV-1 is fully suppressed by antiretroviral drugs, HIV-1 still persists in reservoirs. If antiretroviral drugs are stopped, the virus will emerge from these reservoirs and re-seeds systemically. The central nervous system (CNS) is proposed to be a tissue compartment that harbors other HIV-1 reservoirs. A key obstacle that constrains the treatment for the CNS infection is the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a highly restrictive barrier separating the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the CNS, which impedes ~98% of the small molecule therapeutics and almost all macromolecules including broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) directed to HIV-1. Our “nanocapsule” strategy is based on a nanotechnology wherein bNAb molecules are encapsulated within nanocapsules of which the surface contains abundant choline and acetylcholine analogues. This design allows the nanocapsules to effectively cross the BBB to deliver bNAbs into the CNS upon systemic administration and show an impact of bNAb on CNS reservoirs in SHIV infected infant macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tracy Cheever
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Reed
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - John Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Irvin S Y Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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15
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Ding C, Patel D, Ma Y, Mann JFS, Wu J, Gao Y. Employing Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prophylactic & Therapeutic Application. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697683. [PMID: 34354709 PMCID: PMC8329590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the discovery that the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is the pathogen of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1983, there is still no effective anti-HIV-1 vaccine. The major obstacle to the development of HIV-1 vaccine is the extreme diversity of viral genome sequences. Nonetheless, a number of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 have been made and identified in this area. Novel strategies based on using these bNAbs as an efficacious preventive and/or therapeutic intervention have been applied in clinical. In this review, we summarize the recent development of bNAbs and its application in HIV-1 acquisition prevention as well as discuss the innovative approaches being used to try to convey protection within individuals at risk and being treated for HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Darshit Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yunjing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie F S Mann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of AIDS Research, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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16
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Spencer DA, Shapiro MB, Haigwood NL, Hessell AJ. Advancing HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies: From Discovery to the Clinic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:690017. [PMID: 34123998 PMCID: PMC8187619 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.690017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in confronting the global HIV-1 epidemic since its inception in the 1980s, better approaches for both treatment and prevention will be necessary to end the epidemic and remain a top public health priority. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been effective in extending lives, but at a cost of lifelong adherence to treatment. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are directed to conserved regions of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer (Env) and can block infection if present at the time of viral exposure. The therapeutic application of bNAbs holds great promise, and progress is being made toward their development for widespread clinical use. Compared to the current standard of care of small molecule-based ART, bNAbs offer: (1) reduced toxicity; (2) the advantages of extended half-lives that would bypass daily dosing requirements; and (3) the potential to incorporate a wider immune response through Fc signaling. Recent advances in discovery technology can enable system-wide mining of the immunoglobulin repertoire and will continue to accelerate isolation of next generation potent bNAbs. Passive transfer studies in pre-clinical models and clinical trials have demonstrated the utility of bNAbs in blocking or limiting transmission and achieving viral suppression. These studies have helped to define the window of opportunity for optimal intervention to achieve viral clearance, either using bNAbs alone or in combination with ART. None of these advances with bNAbs would be possible without technological advancements and expanding the cohorts of donor participation. Together these elements fueled the remarkable growth in bNAb development. Here, we review the development of bNAbs as therapies for HIV-1, exploring advances in discovery, insights from animal models and early clinical trials, and innovations to optimize their clinical potential through efforts to extend half-life, maximize the contribution of Fc effector functions, preclude escape through multiepitope targeting, and the potential for sustained delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Spencer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Mariya B. Shapiro
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nancy L. Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
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17
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Hsu DC, Schuetz A, Imerbsin R, Silsorn D, Pegu A, Inthawong D, Sopanaporn J, Visudhiphan P, Chuenarom W, Keawboon B, Shi W, Robb ML, Mascola JR, Geleziunas R, Koup RA, Barouch DH, Michael NL, Vasan S. TLR7 agonist, N6-LS and PGT121 delayed viral rebound in SHIV-infected macaques after antiretroviral therapy interruption. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009339. [PMID: 33600506 PMCID: PMC7924766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and PGT121 (broadly neutralizing antibody, bnAb) administration previously delayed viral rebound and induced SHIV remission. We evaluated the impact of GS-986 (TLR7 agonist) and dual bnAbs on viral rebound after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption. Rhesus macaques inoculated with SHIV-1157ipd3N4 were initiated on daily suppressive ART from Day 14 post SHIV inoculation. Active arm animals (n = 8) received GS-986, N6-LS and PGT121 after plasma viral suppression, starting from week 14. GS-986 induced immune activation and SHIV-specific T cell responses but not viral expression in all the active arm animals. After ART interruption, median time to viral rebound was 6 weeks in the active and 3 weeks in the control arm (p = 0.024). In this animal model, the administration of the combination of GS-986 and dual bnAbs was associated with a modest delay in viral rebound. This strategy should be further evaluated to better understand the underlying mechanisms for the induction of virus-specific immune responses and delay in viral rebound. We evaluated the impact of TLR7 agonist (GS-986) and two broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting different regions of the HIV envelope (CD4 binding site by N6-LS and V3 glycan by PGT121) in delaying viral rebound during ART interruption in rhesus macaques that were initiated on viral suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) 14 days post SHIV-1157ipd3N4 infection. We found that the combination of TLR7 agonist and dual bnAbs delayed viral rebound after ART interruption by 2-fold (from 3 wks in the control arm to 6 wks in the active arm, p = 0.024). This encouraging result independently validated prior findings of delay in viral rebound with TLR7 agonist and a single bnAb (PGT121) by Borducchi et al, Nature, 2018. Importantly, findings were in concurrence despite the performance of the study by an independent research group, in a different macaque colony, with a different strain of SHIV. Moreover, this study intentionally deferred ART initiation by a week, i.e. on day 14 post inoculation to mirror what is logistically feasible in acute HIV infection. Thus, data from this study may potentially more closely reflect the impact of the combination of TLR7 agonist and dual bnAbs on viral rebound in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C. Hsu
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DCH); (SV)
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rawiwan Imerbsin
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Decha Silsorn
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Jumpol Sopanaporn
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Boot Keawboon
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Romas Geleziunas
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DCH); (SV)
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18
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Systematic Assessment of Antiviral Potency, Breadth, and Synergy of Triple Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Combinations against Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Viruses. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01667-20. [PMID: 33177194 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01667-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily burden and clinical toxicities associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) emphasize the need for alternative strategies to induce long-term human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remission upon ART cessation. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) can both neutralize free virions and mediate effector functions against infected cells and therefore represent a leading immunotherapeutic approach. To increase potency and breadth, as well as to limit the development of resistant virus strains, it is likely that bNAbs will need to be administered in combination. It is therefore critical to identify bNAb combinations that can achieve robust polyfunctional antiviral activity against a high number of HIV strains. In this study, we systematically assessed the abilities of single bNAbs and triple bNAb combinations to mediate robust polyfunctional antiviral activity against a large panel of cross-clade simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs), which are commonly used as tools for validation of therapeutic strategies targeting the HIV envelope in nonhuman primate models. We demonstrate that most bNAbs are capable of mediating both neutralizing and nonneutralizing effector functions against cross-clade SHIVs, although the susceptibility to V3 glycan-specific bNAbs is highly strain dependent. Moreover, we observe a strong correlation between the neutralization potencies and nonneutralizing effector functions of bNAbs against the transmitted/founder SHIV CH505. Finally, we identify several triple bNAb combinations comprising of CD4 binding site-, V2-glycan-, and gp120-gp41 interface-targeting bNAbs that are capable of mediating synergistic polyfunctional antiviral activities against multiple clade A, B, C, and D SHIVs.IMPORTANCE Optimal bNAb immunotherapeutics will need to mediate multiple antiviral functions against a broad range of HIV strains. Our systematic assessment of triple bNAb combinations against SHIVs will identify bNAbs with synergistic, polyfunctional antiviral activity that will inform the selection of candidate bNAbs for optimal combination designs. The identified combinations can be validated in vivo in future passive immunization studies using the SHIV challenge model.
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19
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[In vivo protective mechanisms of neutralizing antibodies against simian immunodeficiency virus replicatio]. Uirusu 2021; 71:87-96. [PMID: 35526999 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.71.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Identifying protective adaptive immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), mainly comprising CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses, is crucial for understanding in vivo mechanisms of viral persistence and developing prophylactic/intervention strategies. In HIV-1 and pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections, CTL responses play the canonical role in primary viral replication control, whereas NAb responses are impaired. This NAb impairment in early infection conversely highlights the necessity of elucidating anti-HIV/SIV antibody defense/induction mechanisms, and one approach to analyze the impact of NAbs on HIV/SIV infection is passive immunization. We have analyzed a simian AIDS model of highly pathogenic SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques, and characterized that a single acute-phase passive infusion of SIV-specific polyclonal NAbs drives a synergistic qualitative boosting of virus-specific T-cell responses, resulting in sustained SIV replication control. This in vivo functional augmentation of virus-specific T cells by NAbs in the SIV model provides insights into the design of protective immunity against HIV-1 infection.
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20
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Chuang GY, Asokan M, Ivleva VB, Pegu A, Yang ES, Zhang B, Chaudhuri R, Geng H, Lin BC, Louder MK, McKee K, O'Dell S, Wang H, Zhou T, Doria-Rose NA, Kueltzo LA, Lei QP, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Removal of variable domain N-linked glycosylation as a means to improve the homogeneity of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies. MAbs 2020; 12:1836719. [PMID: 33121334 PMCID: PMC7643989 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1836719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies are showing promise in the treatment and prevention of HIV-1, with several now being evaluated clinically. Some lead clinical candidates, including antibodies CAP256-VRC26.25, N6, PGT121, and VRC07-523, have one or more N-linked glycosylation sequons in their variable domains (Fvs) from somatic hypermutation, and these glycans increase chemical heterogeneity, complicating the manufacture of these antibodies as products. Here we propose a general method to remove Fv glycans and use this method to develop engineered versions of these four antibodies with Fv glycans removed. When germline residues were introduced to remove each glycan, antibody properties between wild type and mutant were not significantly altered for CAP256-VRC26.25 and PGT121; however, germline mutants for N6 and VRC07-523 showed increased polyreactivity, which is known to correlate with unfavorable in vivo pharmacokinetics. To reduce polyreactivity induced by removal of Fv glycan, we mutated aromatic residues and arginines structurally proximal to the removed glycan and identified Fv glycan-removed variants with low polyreactivity for N6 and VRC07-523. Two such variants, N6-N72LCQ-R18LCD and VRC07-523-N72LCQ-R24LCD, showed thermostability, neutralization potency and breadth, and half-life in humanized FcRn mice that were similar to their wild-type Fv-glycosylated counterparts. The removal of Fv glycan and reduction of chemical heterogeneity were confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. With reduced heterogeneity, the Fv-glycan-removed variants developed here may have utility as products for treating or preventing infection by HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Vera B Ivleva
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Rajoshi Chaudhuri
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Hairong Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Lisa A Kueltzo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Q Paula Lei
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
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21
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Tuyishime M, Garrido C, Jha S, Moeser M, Mielke D, LaBranche C, Montefiori D, Haynes BF, Joseph S, Margolis DM, Ferrari G. Improved killing of HIV-infected cells using three neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5157-5170. [PMID: 32584790 PMCID: PMC7524508 DOI: 10.1172/jci135557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation of HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses with protection from and delayed progression of HIV-1 infection provides a rationale to leverage ADCC-mediating antibodies for treatment purposes. We evaluated ADCC mediated by different combinations of 2 to 6 neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-HIV-1 Envelope (Env) mAbs, using concentrations ≤ 1 μg/mL, to identify combinations effective at targeting latent reservoir HIV-1 viruses from 10 individuals. We found that within 2 hours, combinations of 3 mAbs mediated more than 30% killing of HIV-infected primary CD4+ T cells in the presence of autologous NK cells, with the combination of A32 (C1C2), DH511.2K3 (MPER), and PGT121 (V3) mAbs being the most effective. Increasing the incubation of target and effector cells in the presence of mAb combinations from 2 to 24 hours resulted in increased specific killing of infected cells, even with neutralization-resistant viruses. The same combination eliminated reactivated latently HIV-1-infected cells in an ex vivo quantitative viral outgrowth assay. Therefore, administration of a combination of 3 mAbs should be considered in planning in vivo studies seeking to eliminate persistently HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tuyishime
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Shalini Jha
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Moeser
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dieter Mielke
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Joseph
- UNC HIV Cure Center and
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - David M. Margolis
- UNC HIV Cure Center and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Desikan R, Raja R, Dixit NM. Early exposure to broadly neutralizing antibodies may trigger a dynamical switch from progressive disease to lasting control of SHIV infection. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008064. [PMID: 32817614 PMCID: PMC7462315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-1 infection is life-long. Stopping therapy typically leads to the reignition of infection and progressive disease. In a major breakthrough, recent studies have shown that early initiation of ART can lead to sustained post-treatment control of viremia, raising hopes of long-term HIV-1 remission. ART, however, elicits post-treatment control in a small fraction of individuals treated. Strikingly, passive immunization with broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) of HIV-1 early in infection was found recently to elicit long-term control in a majority of SHIV-infected macaques, suggesting that HIV-1 remission may be more widely achievable. The mechanisms underlying the control elicited by bNAb therapy, however, remain unclear. Untreated infection typically leads to progressive disease. We hypothesized that viremic control represents an alternative but rarely realized outcome of the infection and that early bNAb therapy triggers a dynamical switch to this outcome. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a model of viral dynamics with bNAb therapy and applied it to analyse clinical data. The model fit quantitatively the complex longitudinal viral load data from macaques that achieved lasting control. The model predicted, consistently with our hypothesis, that the underlying system exhibited bistability, indicating two potential outcomes of infection. The first had high viremia, weak cytotoxic effector responses, and high effector exhaustion, marking progressive disease. The second had low viremia, strong effector responses, and low effector exhaustion, indicating lasting viremic control. Further, model predictions suggest that early bNAb therapy elicited lasting control via pleiotropic effects. bNAb therapy lowers viremia, which would also limit immune exhaustion. Simultaneously, it can improve effector stimulation via cross-presentation. Consequently, viremia may resurge post-therapy, but would encounter a primed effector population and eventually get controlled. ART suppresses viremia but does not enhance effector stimulation, explaining its limited ability to elicit post-treatment control relative to bNAb therapy. In a remarkable advance in HIV cure research, a recent study showed that 3 weekly doses of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) soon after infection kept viral levels controlled for years in most macaques treated. If translated to humans, this bNAb therapy may elicit a functional cure, or long-term remission, of HIV-1 infection, eliminating the need for life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART). How early bNAb therapy works remains unknown. Here, we elucidate the mechanism using mathematical modeling and analysis of in vivo data. We predict that early bNAb therapy suppresses viremia, which reduces exhaustion of cytotoxic effector cells, and enhances antigen uptake and effector stimulation. Collectively, these effects drive infection to lasting control. Model predictions based on these effects fit in vivo data quantitatively. ART controls viremia but does not improve effector stimulation, explaining its weaker ability to induce lasting control post-treatment. Our findings may help improve strategies for achieving functional cure of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Desikan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- * E-mail: (RD); (NMD)
| | - Rubesh Raja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Narendra M. Dixit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- * E-mail: (RD); (NMD)
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23
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Jennewein MF, Mabuka J, Papia CL, Boudreau CM, Dong KL, Ackerman ME, Ndung'u T, Alter G. Tracking the Trajectory of Functional Humoral Immune Responses Following Acute HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1744. [PMID: 32849622 PMCID: PMC7426367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a role for antibody-mediated effector functions in preventing and controlling HIV infection. However, less is known about how these antibody effector functions evolve following infection. Moreover, how the humoral immune response is naturally tuned to recruit the antiviral activity of the innate immune system, and the extent to which these functions aid in the control of infection, are poorly understood. Using plasma samples from 10 hyper-acute HIV-infected South African women, identified in Fiebig stage I (the FRESH cohort), systems serology was performed to evaluate the functional and biophysical properties of gp120-, gp41-, and p24- specific antibody responses during the first year of infection. Significant changes were observed in both the functional and biophysical characteristics of the humoral immune response following acute HIV infection. Antibody Fc-functionality increased over the course of infection, with increases in antibody-mediated phagocytosis, NK activation, and complement deposition occurring in an antigen-specific manner. Changes in both antibody subclass and antibody Fc-glycosylation drove the evolution of antibody effector activity, highlighting natural modifications in the humoral immune response that may enable the directed recruitment of the innate immune system to target and control HIV. Moreover, enhanced antibody functionality, particularly gp120-specific polyfunctionality, was tied to improvements in clinical course of infection, supporting a role for functional antibodies in viral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine F Jennewein
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Mabuka
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Cassidy L Papia
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Krista L Dong
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Single-dose bNAb cocktail or abbreviated ART post-exposure regimens achieve tight SHIV control without adaptive immunity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:70. [PMID: 31911610 PMCID: PMC6946664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission accounts for most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children, and treatments for newborns are needed to abrogate infection or limit disease progression. We showed previously that short-term broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) therapy given 24 h after oral exposure cleared simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in a macaque model of perinatal infection. Here, we report that all infants given either a single dose of bNAbs at 30 h, or a 21-day triple-drug ART regimen at 48 h, are aviremic with almost no virus in tissues. In contrast, bNAb treatment beginning at 48 h leads to tight control without adaptive immune responses in half of animals. We conclude that both bNAbs and ART mediate effective post-exposure prophylaxis in infant macaques within 30-48 h of oral SHIV exposure. Our findings suggest that optimizing the treatment regimen may extend the window of opportunity for preventing perinatal HIV infection when treatment is delayed.
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Accurate Prediction for Antibody Resistance of Clinical HIV-1 Isolates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14696. [PMID: 31604961 PMCID: PMC6789020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) have promising utility in prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection, and several are currently undergoing clinical trials. Due to the high sequence diversity and mutation rate of HIV-1, viral isolates are often resistant to specific bNAbs. Currently, resistant isolates are commonly identified by time-consuming and expensive in vitro neutralization assays. Here, we report machine learning classifiers that accurately predict resistance of HIV-1 isolates to 33 bNAbs. Notably, our classifiers achieved an overall prediction accuracy of 96% for 212 clinical isolates from patients enrolled in four different clinical trials. Moreover, use of gradient boosting machine – a tree-based machine learning method – enabled us to identify critical features, which had high accordance with epitope residues that distinguished between antibody resistance and sensitivity. The availability of an in silico antibody resistance predictor should facilitate informed decisions of antibody usage and sequence-based monitoring of viral escape in clinical settings.
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Rapid Elimination of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates with Treatment Failure in the Acute Phase of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01077-19. [PMID: 31375583 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01077-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) treatment during the acute period of infection can significantly limit the seeding of viral reservoirs and modify the course of disease. However, while a number of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy as prophylaxis in macaques chronically infected with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), intriguingly, their inhibitory effects were largely attenuated in the acute period of SHIV infection. To investigate the mechanism for the disparate performance of bnAbs in different periods of SHIV infection, we used LSEVh-LS-F, a bispecific bnAb targeting the CD4 binding site and CD4-induced epitopes, as a representative bnAb and assessed its potential therapeutic benefit in controlling virus replication in acutely or chronically SHIV-infected macaques. We found that a single infusion of LSEVh-LS-F resulted in rapid decline of plasma viral loads to undetectable levels without emergence of viral resistance in the chronically infected macaques. In contrast, the inhibitory effect was robust but transient in the acutely infected macaques, despite the fact that all macaques had comparable plasma viral loads initially. Infusing multiple doses of LSEVh-LS-F did not extend its inhibitory duration. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of the infused LSEVh-LS-F in the acutely SHIV-infected macaques significantly differed from that in the uninfected or chronically infected macaques. Host SHIV-specific immune responses may play a role in the viremia-dependent pharmacokinetics. Our results highlight the correlation between the fast clearance of infused bnAbs and the treatment failure in the acute period of SHIV infection and may have important implications for the therapeutic use of bnAbs to treat acute HIV infections.IMPORTANCE Currently, there is no bnAb-based monotherapy that has been reported to clear the virus in the acute SHIV infection period. Since early HIV treatment is considered critical to restricting the establishment of viral reservoirs, investigation into the mechanism for treatment failure in acutely infected macaques would be important for the therapeutic use of bnAbs and eventually towards the functional cure of HIV/AIDS. Here we report the comparative study of the therapeutic efficacy of a bnAb in acutely and chronically SHIV-infected macaques. This study revealed the correlation between the fast clearance of infused bnAbs and treatment failure during the acute period of infection.
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Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus subtype 1 (HIV-1) bind to its envelope glycoprotein (Env). Half of the molecular mass of Env is carbohydrate making it one of the most heavily glycosylated proteins known in nature. HIV-1 Env glycans are derived from the host and present a formidable challenge for host anti-glycan antibody induction. Anti-glycan antibody induction is challenging because anti-HIV-1 glycan antibodies should recognize Env antigen while not acquiring autoreactivity. Thus, the glycan network on HIV-1 Env is referred to as the glycan shield. Despite the challenges presented by immune recognition of host-derived glycans, neutralizing antibodies capable of binding the glycans on HIV-1 Env can be generated by the host immune system in the setting of HIV-1 infection. In particular, a cluster of high mannose glycans, including an N-linked glycan at position 332, form the high mannose patch and are targeted by a variety of broadly neutralizing antibodies. These high mannose patch-directed HIV-1 antibodies can be categorized into distinct categories based on their antibody paratope structure, neutralization activity, and glycan and peptide reactivity. Below we will compare and contrast each of these classes of HIV-1 glycan-dependent antibodies and describe vaccine design efforts to elicit each of these antibody types.
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Engineered HIV antibody passes muster. Lancet HIV 2019; 6:e641-e642. [PMID: 31473166 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Seber Kasinger LE, Dent MW, Mahajan G, Hamorsky KT, Matoba N. A novel anti-HIV-1 bispecific bNAb-lectin fusion protein engineered in a plant-based transient expression system. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1646-1656. [PMID: 30729651 PMCID: PMC6662308 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) has been a major step towards better prophylactic and therapeutic agents against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, effective therapy will likely require a combination of anti-HIV agents to avoid viral evasion. One possible solution to this problem is the creation of bispecific molecules that can concurrently target two vulnerable sites providing synergistic inhibitory effects. Here, we describe the production in plants and anti-HIV activity of a novel bispecific fusion protein consisting of the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of the CD4 binding site-specific bNAb VRC01 and the antiviral lectin Avaren, which targets the glycan shield of the HIV-1 envelope (VRC01Fab -Avaren). This combination was justified by a preliminary experiment demonstrating the synergistic HIV-1 neutralization activity of VRC01 and Fc-fused Avaren dimer (Avaren-Fc). Using the GENEWARE® tobacco mosaic virus vector, VRC01Fab -Avaren was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and purified using a three-step chromatography procedure. Surface plasmon resonance and ELISA demonstrated that both the Avaren and VRC01Fab moieties retain their individual binding specificities. VRC01Fab -Avaren demonstrated enhanced neutralizing activity against representative HIV-1 strains from A, B and C clades, compared to equimolar combinations of VRC01Fab and Avaren. Notably, VRC01Fab -Avaren showed significantly stronger neutralizing effects than the bivalent parent molecules VRC01 IgG and Avaren-Fc, with IC50 values ranging from 48 to 310 pm. These results support the continued development of bispecific anti-HIV proteins based on Avaren and bNAbs, to which plant-based transient overexpression systems will provide an efficient protein engineering and production platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew W. Dent
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Garima Mahajan
- James Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Krystal Teasley Hamorsky
- James Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Center for Predictive MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- James Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Center for Predictive MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
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Kent SJ, Davenport MP. Moving the HIV vaccine field forward: concepts of protective immunity. Lancet HIV 2019; 6:e406-e410. [PMID: 31080107 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced prevention of HIV infection is widely viewed as requiring both humoral and cellular immunity. Although the evidence for such a multipronged approach is not strong, this strategy increases the possibility that at least one mechanism of immunity could work to diminish new infections. The concept of broad immunity to HIV is attractive to funding bodies that seek at least some success from expensive trials. However, trying simultaneously to achieve both robust cellular and humoral immunity against HIV might be difficult. Furthermore, a multipronged approach increases the difficulty of later dissecting the immune correlates of protection and thereby iteratively improving HIV vaccines. This Viewpoint briefly discusses different approaches to tackling the challenge of inducing protective immunity to HIV and speculates on how results will move the field forward. We posit that, given the uncertain nature of immunity to HIV at present, focusing on inducing, evaluating, and optimising discrete individual mechanisms of immunity to HIV could provide the most rapid pathway to an effective HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and Australian Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Sacdalan C, Pagliuzza A, Intasan J, Benjapornpong K, Tangnaree K, Chomchey N, Kroon E, de Souza MS, Tovanabutra S, Rolland M, Eller MA, Paquin-Proulx D, Bolton DL, Tokarev A, Thomas R, Takata H, Trautmann L, Krebs SJ, Modjarrad K, McDermott AB, Bailer RT, Doria-Rose N, Patel B, Gorelick RJ, Fullmer BA, Schuetz A, Grandin PV, O'Connell RJ, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Tressler R, Mascola JR, Chomont N, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J. Safety and efficacy of VRC01 broadly neutralising antibodies in adults with acutely treated HIV (RV397): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet HIV 2019; 6:e297-e306. [PMID: 31000477 PMCID: PMC6693657 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1-specific broadly neutralising antibodies such as VRC01 could promote HIV remission by halting viral replication and clearing infected cells. We investigated whether VRC01 could promote sustained viral control off antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults who initiated ART during acute HIV infection. METHODS We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre in Bangkok, Thailand. Eligible participants were aged 20-50 years, had initiated ART during acute infection (ie, Fiebig stages I-III), had been taking ART for more than 24 months, had fewer than 50 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL on three consecutive measurements, had more than 400 CD4 cells per μL, had fewer than ten copies of integrated HIV-1 DNA per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and were in generally good health. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (3:1) based on computer-generated lists with a blocking factor of 4 to receive VRC01 (40 mg/kg) or placebo (saline) intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 24 weeks during analytic interruption of ART, followed by continued observation off all therapies. Randomisation was stratified by Fiebig stage (I vs II vs III) at HIV diagnosis. Participants were monitored closely and resumed ART if 1000 or more HIV-1 RNA copies were detected per mL of plasma. The primary outcomes were the frequency of serious adverse events and the proportion of participants with fewer than 50 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL 24 weeks after treatment interruption. Efficacy analyses included all participants who received at least one full dose of study product, and safety analyses included all participants exposed to any study product. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02664415. This trial is completed. FINDINGS Between Aug 8, 2016, and Jan 9, 2017, 19 men were randomly assigned, 14 to the VRC01 group and five to the placebo group. One participant in the VRC01 group received a partial infusion without undergoing treatment interruption. The other 18 participants all received at least one full study infusion and underwent ART interruption. No serious adverse events were reported in either group. Only one participant in the VRC01 group achieved the primary efficacy endpoint of viral suppression 24 weeks after ART interruption. The other 17 restarted ART because of a confirmed recording of 1000 or more HIV-1 RNA copies per mL before 24 weeks. INTERPRETATION VRC01 monotherapy in individuals who initiated ART during acute HIV infection was well tolerated but did not significantly increase the number of participants with viral suppression 24 weeks after ART interruption. Further development of VRC01 and other immunotherapies for HIV will probably occur as part of combination regimens that include several treatments directed against unique therapeutic targets. FUNDING US Department of the Army, US National Institutes of Health, and the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Crowell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Donn J Colby
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jintana Intasan
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Nitiya Chomchey
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eugène Kroon
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mark S de Souza
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane L Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrey Tokarev
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bijal Patel
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brandie A Fullmer
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornsuk V Grandin
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert J O'Connell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Randall Tressler
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abuharfeil NM, Yaseen MM, Alsheyab FM. Harnessing Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity To Control HIV-1 Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:158-176. [PMID: 30525453 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Passive administration of broadly neutralizing anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies (bNAbs) has been recently suggested as a promising alternative therapeutic approach for HIV-1 infection. Although the success behind the studies that used this approach has been attributed to the potency and neutralization breadth of anti-HIV-1 antibodies, several lines of evidence support the idea that specific antibody-dependent effector functions, particularly antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), play a critical role in controlling HIV-1 infection. In this review, we showed that there is a direct association between the activation of ADCC and better clinical outcomes. This, in turn, suggests that ADCC could be harnessed to control HIV-1 infection. To this end, we addressed the passive administration of bNAbs capable of selectively activating ADCC responses to HIV-1 patients. Finally, we summarized the potential barriers that may impede the optimal activation of ADCC during HIV-1 infection and provided strategic solutions to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110. Jordan
| | - Fawzi M. Alsheyab
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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LaBranche CC, McGuire AT, Gray MD, Behrens S, Zhou T, Sattentau QJ, Peacock J, Eaton A, Greene K, Gao H, Tang H, Perez LG, Saunders KO, Mascola JR, Haynes BF, Stamatatos L, Montefiori DC. HIV-1 envelope glycan modifications that permit neutralization by germline-reverted VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007431. [PMID: 30395637 PMCID: PMC6237427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) induction is a high priority for effective HIV-1 vaccination. VRC01-class bnAbs that target the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of trimeric HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein spikes are particularly attractive to elicit because of their extraordinary breadth and potency of neutralization in vitro and their ability to protect against infection in animal models. Glycans bordering the CD4bs impede the binding of germline-reverted forms of VRC01-class bnAbs and therefore constitute a barrier to early events in initiating the correct antibody lineages. Deleting a subset of these glycans permits Env antigen binding but not virus neutralization, suggesting that additional barriers impede germline-reverted VRC01-class antibody binding to functional Env trimers. We investigated the requirements for functional Env trimer engagement of VRC01-class naïve B cell receptors by using virus neutralization and germline-reverted antibodies as surrogates for the interaction. Targeted deletion of a subset of N-glycans bordering the CD4bs, combined with Man5 enrichment of remaining N-linked glycans that are otherwise processed into larger complex-type glycans, rendered HIV-1 426c Env-pseudotyped virus (subtype C, transmitted/founder) highly susceptible to neutralization by near germline forms of VRC01-class bnAbs. Neither glycan modification alone rendered the virus susceptible to neutralization. The potency of neutralization in some cases rivaled the potency of mature VRC01 against wildtype viruses. Neutralization by the germline-reverted antibodies was abrogated by the known VRC01 resistance mutation, D279K. These findings improve our understanding of the restrictions imposed by glycans in eliciting VRC01-class bnAbs and enable a neutralization-based strategy to monitor vaccine-elicited early precursors of this class of bnAbs. Activation of appropriate naïve B cells is a critical initial step in the elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) by HIV-1 vaccines. Germline-reverted forms of bnAbs partially mimic naïve B cell receptors, making them useful for designing and identifying immunogens that can initiate early stages of bnAb development. Here we identify a combination of glycan-modifications on the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins that preserve native structure and facilitate interactions with germline-reverted forms of the VRC01-class of bnAbs. These modifications included the complete removal of certain N-glycans, combined with Man5-enrichment of remaining N-glycans that otherwise are processed into larger complex-type glycans. HIV-1 Env-pseudotyped viruses modified in this way were highly susceptible to neutralization by germline-reverted forms of several VRC01-class bnAbs, and this neutralization could be blocked by a known VRC01 resistance mutation. These findings provide new insights for the design and testing of novel immunogens that aim to elicit VRC01-like bnAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia C. LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Andrew T. McGuire
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Gray
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Shay Behrens
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Quentin J. Sattentau
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Peacock
- Duke University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Kelli Greene
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Haili Tang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Lautaro G. Perez
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ju B, Li D, Ren L, Hou J, Hao Y, Liang H, Wang S, Zhu J, Wei M, Shao Y. Identification of a novel broadly HIV-1-neutralizing antibody from a CRF01_AE-infected Chinese donor. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:174. [PMID: 30382080 PMCID: PMC6210191 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and characterization of monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) from natural HIV-1-infected individuals play very important roles in understanding nAb responses to HIV-1 infection and designing vaccines and therapeutics. Many broadly nAbs have been isolated from individuals infected with HIV-1 clade A, B, C, etc., but, as an important recombinant virus, the identification of broadly nAbs in CRF01_AE-infected individuals remains elusive. In this study, we used antigen-specific single B-cell sorting and monoclonal antibody expression to isolate monoclonal antibodies from a CRF01_AE-infected Chinese donor (GX2016EU04), a broad neutralizer based on neutralizing activity against a cross-clade virus panel. We identified a series of HIV-1 monoclonal cross-reactive nAbs, termed F2, H6, BF8, F4, F8, BE7, and F6. F6 could neutralize 21 of 37 tested HIV-1 Env-pseudotyped viruses (57%) with a geometric mean value of 12.15 μg/ml. Heavy and light chains of F6 were derived from IGHV4-34 and IGKV 2-28 germlines, complementarity determining region (CDR) 3 loops were composed of 18 and 9 amino acids, and somatic hypermutations (SHMs) were 16.14% and 11.83% divergent from their respective germline genes. F6 was a GP120-specific nAb and recognized the linear epitope. We identified for the first time a novel broadly HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, termed F6, from a CRF01_AE-infected donor, which could enrich the research of HIV-1 nAbs and provide useful insights for designing vaccine immunogens and antibody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ju
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.,Nankai University Second People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Min Wei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China. .,Nankai University Second People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yiming Shao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 102206, Beijing, China.
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Fabozzi G, Pegu A, Koup RA, Petrovas C. Bispecific antibodies: Potential immunotherapies for HIV treatment. Methods 2018; 154:118-124. [PMID: 30352254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific (bs) antibodies (Abs, bsAbs) are engineered immunoglobulins that contain two different antigen-binding sites in one molecule. bsAbs can be divided in two molecular formats; the IgG-like and non-IgG like. The structural elements of each format have implications for engaging the immune system. Elimination of HIV will need sophisticated approaches with immunotherapies being one of the strategies under investigation. Furthermore, HIV genetic variability and functional compromise of the adaptive CTL response complicate the potential usefulness of some immunotherapeutic strategies. Inclusion of novel HIV neutralizing Abs with high potency and breadth as components of bsAbs could represent alternative strategies for virus elimination by harnessing the adaptive immune response in vivo.
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Kuhlmann AS, Haworth KG, Barber-Axthelm IM, Ironside C, Giese MA, Peterson CW, Kiem HP. Long-Term Persistence of Anti-HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody-Secreting Hematopoietic Cells in Humanized Mice. Mol Ther 2018; 27:164-177. [PMID: 30391142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are among the most promising strategies to achieve long-term control of HIV-1 in the absence of combination antiretroviral therapy. Passive administration of such antibodies in patients efficiently decreases HIV-1 viremia, but is limited by the serum half-life of the protein. Here, we investigated whether antibody-secreting hematopoietic cells could overcome this problem. We genetically modified human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to secrete bNAbs and transplanted them into immunodeficient mice. We found that the gene-modified cells engraft and stably secrete antibodies in the peripheral blood of the animals for the 9 months of the study. Antibodies were predominantly expressed by human HSPC-derived T- and B cells. Importantly, we found that secreted PGT128 was able to delay HIV-1 viremia in vivo and also prevent a decline in CD4+ cells. Gene-modified cells were maintained in bone marrow and were also detected in spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue. These data indicate that the bNAb secretion from HSPC-derived cells in mice is functional and can affect viral infection and CD4+ cell maintenance. This study paves the way for potential applications to other diseases requiring long-lasting protein or antibody delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Kuhlmann
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Kevin G Haworth
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Isaac M Barber-Axthelm
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Christina Ironside
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Morgan A Giese
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Christopher W Peterson
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Jaworski JP, Cahn P. Preventive and therapeutic features of broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1. Lancet HIV 2018; 5:e723-e731. [PMID: 30245003 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(18)30174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The viral plasticity and the vast diversity of HIV-1 circulating strains necessitates the identification of new approaches to control this global pandemic. New generation broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies (bnMAbs) against the HIV-1 viral envelope protein (Env) can prevent virus acquisition, reduce viraemia, enhance immunity, and induce the killing of infected cells in animal models of HIV-1 infection. Most importantly, passively administered bnMAbs are effective at decreasing viraemia and delaying viral rebound in people chronically infected with HIV-1. Single antibody treatment is associated with the emergence of viral escape mutants, and virus suppression is not maintained in the long term. However, a combination of bnMAbs and bioengineered multivalent antibodies that target different sites on Env might increase the efficacy of immunotherapy, adding a new relevant tool for clinical use. The aim of this Review is to highlight the potential benefits of this novel prophylactic and therapeutic approach to fight HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Jaworski
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pedro Cahn
- Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bosman KJ, Wensing AMJ, Pijning AE, van Snippenberg WJ, van Ham PM, de Jong DMC, Hoepelman AIM, Nijhuis M. Development of sensitive ddPCR assays to reliably quantify the proviral DNA reservoir in all common circulating HIV subtypes and recombinant forms. J Int AIDS Soc 2018; 21:e25185. [PMID: 30375818 PMCID: PMC6138437 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The latent reservoir is the main barrier on the road to HIV cure, and clinical approaches towards eradication are often evaluated by their effect on proviral DNA. To ensure inclusiveness and representativeness in HIV cure studies, proviral DNA quantification assays that are able to detect all common circulating HIV clades are urgently needed. Here, three HIV DNA assays targeting three different genomic regions were evaluated for their sensitivity and subtype-tolerance using digital PCR. METHODS A subtype-B-specific assay targeting gag (GAG) and two assays targeting conserved sequences in ltr and pol (LTR and JO) were assessed for their sensitivity and subtype-tolerance in digital PCR (Bio-Rad QX200), using a panel of serially diluted subtype reference plasmids as well as a panel of clinical isolates. Both panels represent subtypes A, B, C, D, F, G and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) AE and AG, which together are responsible for 94% of HIV infections worldwide. RESULTS HIV subtype was observed to greatly affect HIV DNA quantification results. Robust regression analysis of the serially diluted plasmid panel showed that the GAG assay was only able to linearly quantify subtype B, D and G isolates (4/13 reference plasmids, average R2 = 0.99), whereas LTR and JO were able to quantify all tested isolates (13/13 reference plasmids, respective average R2 = 0.99 and 0.98). In the clinical isolates panel, isolates were considered detectable if all replicates produced a positive result. The GAG assay could detect HIV DNA in four out of five subtype B and one out of two subtype D isolates, whereas the LTR and JO assays detected HIV DNA in all twenty-nine tested isolates. LTR and JO results were found to be equally precise but more precise than GAG. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the need for a careful validation of proviral reservoir quantification assays prior to investigations into non-B subtype reservoirs. The LTR and JO assays can sensitively and reliably quantify HIV DNA in a panel that represents the worldwide most prevalent subtypes and CRFs (A, B, C, D, AE, F, G and AG), justifying their application in future trials aimed at global HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobus J Bosman
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Annemarie MJ Wensing
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Aster E Pijning
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | | | - Petra M van Ham
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Dorien MC de Jong
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Andy IM Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious DiseasesUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Monique Nijhuis
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
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Otsuka Y, Schmitt K, Quinlan BD, Gardner MR, Alfant B, Reich A, Farzan M, Choe H. Diverse pathways of escape from all well-characterized VRC01-class broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007238. [PMID: 30125330 PMCID: PMC6117093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were shown effective in animal models, and are currently evaluated in clinical trials. However, use of these antibodies in humans is hampered by the rapid emergence of resistant viruses. Here we show that soft-randomization can be used to accelerate the parallel identification of viral escape pathways. As a proof of principle, we soft-randomized the epitope regions of VRC01-class bNAbs in replication-competent HIV-1 and selected for resistant variants. After only a few passages, a surprisingly diverse population of antibody-resistant viruses emerged, bearing both novel and previously described escape mutations. We observed that the escape variants resistant to some VRC01-class bNAbs are resistant to most other bNAbs in the same class, and that a subset of variants was completely resistant to every well characterized VRC01-class bNAB, including VRC01, NIH45-46, 3BNC117, VRC07, N6, VRC-CH31, and VRC-PG04. Thus, our data demonstrate that soft randomization is a suitable approach for accelerated detection of viral escape, and highlight the challenges inherent in administering or attempting to elicit VRC01-class antibodies. Several potent antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been evaluated in clinical trials. Use of these antibodies in humans, however, is problematic, because easy viral escape remains a major concern. To gain greater insights, we sought to develop an approach to rapidly assess the likelihood of viral escape from such antibodies. We show here that soft-randomization mutagenesis is a suitable approach to introduce a controlled number of changes into defined target regions. As a proof of concept, we used this approach to detect the HIV-1 variants fully resistant to VRC01-class of antibodies. We observed that within a few passages of the soft-randomized library of viruses in the presence of potent HIV-1 antibodies, a remarkably wide array of variants emerged, including variants resistant to every VRC01-class antibody. This study provides insights into a wide range of escape pathways, and describes a method for rapidly assessing the likelihood of viral escape from antibodies or small molecules targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Otsuka
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Schmitt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Quinlan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Gardner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Barnett Alfant
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Adrian Reich
- Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael Farzan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hyeryun Choe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Ferrari G. Tandem bispecific broadly neutralizing antibody - a novel approach to HIV-1 treatment. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2189-2191. [PMID: 29683434 DOI: 10.1172/jci121078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has led to a significant advance in our knowledge of HIV-1 latency and immunity. However, we are still not close to finding a cure for HIV-1. Although combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to increased survival, almost close to that of the general population, it is still not curative. In the current issue of the JCI, Wu et al. studied the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of an engineered tandem bispecific broadly neutralizing antibody (bs-bnAb), BiIA-SG. This bnAb's breadth and potency were highly effective in protection and treatment settings, as measured by complete viremia control following direct infusion, as well as elimination of infected cells and delay in viral rebound when delivered with a recombinant vector. These observations underscore the need for the clinical development of BiIA-SG for the prevention of HIV-1.
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Nishimura Y, Martin MA. Of Mice, Macaques, and Men: Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Immunotherapy for HIV-1. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:207-216. [PMID: 28799906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The neutralizing antibodies targeting the HIV-1 envelope protein have been a major focus for HIV therapy. Early studies with anti-HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) administered to infected individuals showed some promise, as they resulted in transient reductions in plasma viremia in some recipients. However, resistant viral variants rapidly emerged. A major development during the past 6 to 7 years has been the isolation and characterization of highly potent and broadly neutralizing mAbs (bNAbs) from infected individuals known as "elite neutralizers." These "next-generation" bNAbs have been tested in animal model systems and shown to effectively control virus replication, particularly following combination immunotherapy. The success of these preclinical animal studies has led to human clinical trials using an individual bNAb for therapy. This review examines recent findings from animal models and human clinical trials and discusses the future use of bNAbs for HIV-1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Malcolm A Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892.
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Ringel O, Müller K, Koch J, Brill B, Wolf T, Stephan C, Vieillard V, Debré P, Dietrich U. Optimization of the EC26-2A4 Epitope in the gp41 Membrane Proximal External Region Targeted by Neutralizing Antibodies from an Elite Controller. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:365-374. [PMID: 29262692 PMCID: PMC5899297 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of patient derived HIV neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and their target epitopes in the viral envelope (Env) protein provides important basic information for vaccine design. In this study we optimized an epitope, EC26-2A4, that is targeted by neutralizing antibodies from an elite controller (EC26) and localizes in the membrane-proximal external region from the gp41 transmembrane protein. Due to its overlap with the epitope of the first generation broadly neutralizing monoclonal Ab (mAb) 2F5 associated with autoreactivity, we first defined the minimal core epitope reacting with antibodies from EC26 plasma, but not with mAb 2F5. The optimized minimal epitope, EC26-2A4ΔM, was able to induce neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated mice. We further analyzed the frequency of antibodies against the EC26-2A4ΔM peptide in HIV-positive patient sera from a treated cohort and an untreated long-term nonprogressor (LTNP) cohort. Interestingly, 27% of the LTNP sera reacted with the peptide, whereas only 9% showed reactivity in the treated cohort. Although there was no association between the presence of antibodies against the EC26-2A4ΔM epitope and viral load or CD4 count in these patients, the CD4 nadir in the treated cohort was higher in patients positive for EC26-2A4ΔM antibodies, in particular in patients having such antibodies at an early and a late timepoint after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ringel
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karsten Müller
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, HIV Center, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim Koch
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Boris Brill
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timo Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, HIV Center, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Stephan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, HIV Center, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Patrice Debré
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Ursula Dietrich
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
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Hessell AJ, Malherbe DC, Haigwood NL. Passive and active antibody studies in primates to inform HIV vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:127-144. [PMID: 29307225 PMCID: PMC6587971 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1425619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevention of infection remains the ultimate goal for HIV vaccination, and there is compelling evidence that antibodies directed to Envelope are necessary to block infection. Generating antibodies that are sufficiently broad, potent, and sustained to block infection by the diverse HIV-1 strains circulating worldwide remains an area of intense study. AREAS COVERED In this review, we have summarized progress from publications listed as PubMed citations in 2016-17 in the areas of passive antibody studies using human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates, HIV Envelope vaccine development and active vaccination studies to generate potent neutralizing antibodies. EXPERT COMMENTARY Passive transfer studies in nonhuman primates using human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have informed the potency, specificity, and cooperativity of antibodies needed to prevent infection, leading to clinical studies now testing potent antibodies for prevention of HIV. Progress in understanding the structure of Envelope has led to novel vaccine constructs, including mimetics, scaffolds and native-like proteins. As yet, no single approach ensures protection against the circulating global HIV-1 strains, but there is progress in understanding why, and intense research continues in these and other areas for a solution. We offer perspectives on how this knowledge may shape the design of future HIV vaccines.
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Abstract
Since the discovery of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981, it has been extremely difficult to develop an effective vaccine or a therapeutic cure despite over 36 years of global efforts. One of the major reasons is due to the lack of an immune-competent animal model that supports live human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and disease progression such that vaccine-induced correlates of protection and efficacy can be determined clearly before human trials. Nevertheless, rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and chimeric simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) have served as invaluable models not only for understanding AIDS pathogenesis but also for studying HIV vaccine and cure. In this chapter, therefore, we summarize major scientific evidence generated in these models since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic. Hopefully, the accumulated knowledge and lessons contributed by thousands of scientists will be useful in promoting the search of an ultimate solution to end HIV/AIDS.
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45
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Lu LL, Suscovich TJ, Fortune SM, Alter G. Beyond binding: antibody effector functions in infectious diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 18:46-61. [PMID: 29063907 PMCID: PMC6369690 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies play an essential role in host defence against pathogens by recognizing microorganisms or infected cells. Although preventing pathogen entry is one potential mechanism of protection, antibodies can control and eradicate infections through a variety of other mechanisms. In addition to binding and directly neutralizing pathogens, antibodies drive the clearance of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites via their interaction with the innate and adaptive immune systems, leveraging a remarkable diversity of antimicrobial processes locked within our immune system. Specifically, antibodies collaboratively form immune complexes that drive sequestration and uptake of pathogens, clear toxins, eliminate infected cells, increase antigen presentation and regulate inflammation. The diverse effector functions that are deployed by antibodies are dynamically regulated via differential modification of the antibody constant domain, which provides specific instructions to the immune system. Here, we review mechanisms by which antibody effector functions contribute to the balance between microbial clearance and pathology and discuss tractable lessons that may guide rational vaccine and therapeutic design to target gaps in our infectious disease armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenette L Lu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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46
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Zhen A, Peterson CW, Carrillo MA, Reddy SS, Youn CS, Lam BB, Chang NY, Martin HA, Rick JW, Kim J, Neel NC, Rezek VK, Kamata M, Chen ISY, Zack JA, Kiem HP, Kitchen SG. Long-term persistence and function of hematopoietic stem cell-derived chimeric antigen receptor T cells in a nonhuman primate model of HIV/AIDS. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006753. [PMID: 29284044 PMCID: PMC5746250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells have emerged as a powerful immunotherapy for various forms of cancer and show promise in treating HIV-1 infection. However, significant limitations are persistence and whether peripheral T cell-based products can respond to malignant or infected cells that may reappear months or years after treatment remains unclear. Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) are capable of long-term engraftment and have the potential to overcome these limitations. Here, we report the use of a protective CD4 chimeric antigen receptor (C46CD4CAR) to redirect HSPC-derived T-cells against simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in pigtail macaques. CAR-containing cells persisted for more than 2 years without any measurable toxicity and were capable of multilineage engraftment. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) treatment followed by cART withdrawal resulted in lower viral rebound in CAR animals relative to controls, and demonstrated an immune memory-like response. We found CAR-expressing cells in multiple lymphoid tissues, decreased tissue-associated SHIV RNA levels, and substantially higher CD4/CD8 ratios in the gut as compared to controls. These results show that HSPC-derived CAR T-cells are capable of long-term engraftment and immune surveillance. This study demonstrates for the first time the safety and feasibility of HSPC-based CAR therapy in a large animal preclinical model. Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell (HSPC) based gene therapy can be used to treat many infectious and genetic diseases. Here, we used an HSPC-based approach to redirect and enhance host immunity against HIV-1. We engineered HSPCs to carry chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) genes that detect and destroy HIV-infected cells. CAR therapy has shown huge potential in the treatment of cancer, but has only been applied in peripheral blood T-cells. HSPC-based CAR therapy has several benefits over T cell gene therapy, as it allows for normal T cell development, selection, and persistence of the engineered cells for the lifetime of the patient. We used a CAR molecule that hijacks the essential interaction between the virus and the cell surface molecule CD4 to redirect HSPC-derived T-cells against infected cells. We observed >2 years of stable production of CAR-expressing cells without any adverse events, and wide distribution of these cells in lymphoid tissues and gastrointestinal tract, which are major anatomic sites for HIV replication and persistence in suppressed patients. Most importantly, HSPC-derived CAR T-cells functionally responded to infected cells. This study demonstrates for the first time the safety and feasibility of HSPC based therapy utilizing an HIV-specific CAR for suppressed HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjie Zhen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher W. Peterson
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mayra A. Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sowmya Somashekar Reddy
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cindy S. Youn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brianna B. Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nelson Y. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Rick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nick C. Neel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie K. Rezek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Masakazu Kamata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Irvin S. Y. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jerome A. Zack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Scott G. Kitchen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Hua CK, Ackerman ME. Increasing the Clinical Potential and Applications of Anti-HIV Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1655. [PMID: 29234320 PMCID: PMC5712301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and early human clinical studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to prevent and treat HIV infection support the clinical utility and potential of bNAbs for prevention, postexposure prophylaxis, and treatment of acute and chronic infection. Observed and potential limitations of bNAbs from these recent studies include the selection of resistant viral populations, immunogenicity resulting in the development of antidrug (Ab) responses, and the potentially toxic elimination of reservoir cells in regeneration-limited tissues. Here, we review opportunities to improve the clinical utility of HIV Abs to address these challenges and further accomplish functional targets for anti-HIV Ab therapy at various stages of exposure/infection. Before exposure, bNAbs' ability to serve as prophylaxis by neutralization may be improved by increasing serum half-life to necessitate less frequent administration, delivering genes for durable in vivo expression, and targeting bNAbs to sites of exposure. After exposure and/or in the setting of acute infection, bNAb use to prevent/reduce viral reservoir establishment and spread may be enhanced by increasing the potency with which autologous adaptive immune responses are stimulated, clearing acutely infected cells, and preventing cell-cell transmission of virus. In the setting of chronic infection, bNAbs may better mediate viral remission or "cure" in combination with antiretroviral therapy and/or latency reversing agents, by targeting additional markers of tissue reservoirs or infected cell types, or by serving as targeting moieties in engineered cell therapy. While the clinical use of HIV Abs has never been closer, remaining studies to precisely define, model, and understand the complex roles and dynamics of HIV Abs and viral evolution in the context of the human immune system and anatomical compartmentalization will be critical to both optimize their clinical use in combination with existing agents and define further strategies with which to enhance their clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey K. Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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48
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Potent In Vivo NK Cell-Mediated Elimination of HIV-1-Infected Cells Mobilized by a gp120-Bispecific and Hexavalent Broadly Neutralizing Fusion Protein. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00937-17. [PMID: 28794022 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00937-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies bound to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein expressed by infected cells mobilize antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to eliminate the HIV-1-infected cells and thereby suppress HIV-1 infection and delay disease progression. Studies treating HIV-1-infected individuals with latency reactivation agents to reduce their latent HIV-1 reservoirs indicated that their HIV-1-specific immune responses were insufficient to effectively eliminate the reactivated latent HIV-1-infected T cells. Mobilization of ADCC may facilitate elimination of reactivated latent HIV-1-infected cells to deplete the HIV-1 reservoir and contribute to a functional HIV-1 cure. The most effective antibodies for controlling and eradicating HIV-1 infection would likely have the dual capacities of potently neutralizing a broad range of HIV-1 isolates and effectively mobilizing HIV-1-specific ADCC to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells. For this purpose, we constructed LSEVh-LS-F, a broadly neutralizing, defucosylated hexavalent fusion protein specific for both the CD4 and coreceptor gp120-binding sites. LSEVh-LS-F potently inhibited in vivo HIV-1 and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in humanized mouse and macaque models, respectively, including in vivo neutralization of HIV-1 strains resistant to the broadly neutralizing antibodies VRC01 and 3BNC117. We developed a novel humanized mouse model to evaluate in vivo human NK cell-mediated elimination of HIV-1-infected cells by ADCC and utilized it to demonstrate that LSEVh-LS-F rapidly mobilized NK cells to eliminate >80% of HIV-1-infected cells in vivo 1 day after its administration. The capacity of LSEVh-LS-F to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells via ADCC combined with its broad neutralization activity supports its potential use as an immunotherapeutic agent to eliminate reactivated latent cells and deplete the HIV-1 reservoir.IMPORTANCE Mobilization of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to eliminate reactivated latent HIV-1-infected cells is a strategy which may contribute to depleting the HIV-1 reservoir and achieving a functional HIV-1 cure. To more effectively mobilize ADCC, we designed and constructed LSEVh-LS-F, a broadly neutralizing, defucosylated hexavalent fusion protein specific for both the CD4 and coreceptor gp120-binding sites. LSEVh-LS-F potently inhibited in vivo HIV-1 and SHIV infection in humanized mouse and macaque models, respectively, including in vivo neutralization of an HIV-1 strain resistant to the broadly neutralizing antibodies VRC01 and 3BNC117. Using a novel humanized mouse model, we demonstrated that LSEVh-LS-F rapidly mobilized NK cells to eliminate >80% of HIV-1-infected cells in vivo 1 day after its administration. The capacity of LSEVh-LS-F to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells via ADCC combined with its broad neutralization activity supports its potential use as an immunotherapeutic agent to eliminate reactivated latent cells and deplete the HIV-1 reservoir.
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49
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Xu L, Pegu A, Rao E, Doria-Rose N, Beninga J, McKee K, Lord DM, Wei RR, Deng G, Louder M, Schmidt SD, Mankoff Z, Wu L, Asokan M, Beil C, Lange C, Leuschner WD, Kruip J, Sendak R, Kwon YD, Zhou T, Chen X, Bailer RT, Wang K, Choe M, Tartaglia LJ, Barouch DH, O'Dell S, Todd JP, Burton DR, Roederer M, Connors M, Koup RA, Kwong PD, Yang ZY, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ. Trispecific broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies mediate potent SHIV protection in macaques. Science 2017; 358:85-90. [PMID: 28931639 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective AIDS vaccine has been challenging because of viral genetic diversity and the difficulty of generating broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). We engineered trispecific antibodies (Abs) that allow a single molecule to interact with three independent HIV-1 envelope determinants: the CD4 binding site, the membrane-proximal external region (MPER), and the V1V2 glycan site. Trispecific Abs exhibited higher potency and breadth than any previously described single bnAb, showed pharmacokinetics similar to those of human bnAbs, and conferred complete immunity against a mixture of simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) in nonhuman primates, in contrast to single bnAbs. Trispecific Abs thus constitute a platform to engage multiple therapeutic targets through a single protein, and they may be applicable for treatment of diverse diseases, including infections, cancer, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ercole Rao
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dana M Lord
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ronnie R Wei
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gejing Deng
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zachary Mankoff
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lan Wu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jochen Kruip
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Young Do Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence J Tartaglia
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center, Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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50
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Pegu A, Hessell AJ, Mascola JR, Haigwood NL. Use of broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV-1 prevention. Immunol Rev 2017; 275:296-312. [PMID: 28133803 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies have a long history in antiviral therapy, but until recently, they have not been actively pursued for HIV-1 due to modest potency and breadth of early human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and perceived insurmountable technical, financial, and logistical hurdles. Recent advances in the identification and characterization of MAbs with the ability to potently neutralize diverse HIV-1 isolates have reinvigorated discussion and testing of these products in humans, since new broadly neutralizing MAbs (bnMAbs) are more likely to be effective against worldwide strains of HIV-1. In animal models, there is abundant evidence that bnMAbs can block infection in a dose-dependent manner, and the more potent bnMAbs will allow clinical testing at infusion doses that are practically achievable. Moreover, recent advances in antibody engineering are providing further improvements in MAb potency, breadth, and half-life. This review summarizes the current state of the field of bnMAb protection in animal models as well as a review of variables that are critical for antiviral activity. Several bnMAbs are currently in clinical testing, and we offer perspectives on their use as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), potential benefits beyond sterilizing immunity, and a discussion of future approaches to engineer novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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