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Li P, Wang Q, He Y, Yang C, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Liu B, Yin L, Cui Y, Hu P, Liu Y, Zheng P, Wang W, Qu L, Sun C, Guan S, Feng L, Chen L. Booster vaccination is required to elicit and maintain COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in SIV-infected macaques. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2136538. [PMID: 36239345 PMCID: PMC9980405 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2136538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTProlonged infection and possible evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in patients living with uncontrolled HIV-1 infection highlight the importance of an effective vaccination regimen, yet the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and predictive immune biomarkers have not been well investigated. Herein, we report that the magnitude and persistence of antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) elicited by an Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine are impaired in SIV-infected macaques with high viral loads (> 105 genome copies per ml plasma, SIVhi) but not in macaques with low viral loads (< 105, SIVlow). After a second vaccination, the immune responses are robustly enhanced in all uninfected and SIVlow macaques. These responses also show a moderate increase in 70% SIVhi macaques but decline sharply soon after. Further analysis reveals that decreased antibody and CMI responses are associated with reduced circulating follicular helper T cell (TFH) counts and aberrant CD4/CD8 ratios, respectively, indicating that dysregulation of CD4+ T cells by SIV infection impairs the COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity. Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine shows no impact on SIV loads or SIV-specific CMI responses. Our study underscores the necessity of frequent booster vaccinations in HIV-infected patients and provides indicative biomarkers for predicting vaccination effectiveness in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Pingchao Li State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; Liqiang Feng
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizi He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Hu
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingqian Zheng
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suhua Guan
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Ling Chen State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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2
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He Y, Wu C, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Feng F, Lin Z, Wang C, Yang Q, Wen Z, Liu Y, Zhang F, Lin Y, Zhang H, Qu L, Li L, Cai W, Sun C, Chen L, Li P. Arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis contributes to suppression of viral reservoir in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0052523. [PMID: 37695104 PMCID: PMC10581169 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00525-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent viral reservoir is recognized as the major obstacle to achieving a functional cure for HIV infection. We previously reported that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reactivate the viral reservoir and delay viral rebound after ART interruption in chronically simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques. In this study, we further investigated the effect of As2O3 independent of ART in chronically SIV-infected macaques. We found that As2O3-only treatment significantly increased the CD4/CD8 ratio, improved SIV-specific T cell responses, and reactivated viral latency in chronically SIVmac239-infected macaques. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that As2O3 treatment downregulated the expression levels of genes related to HIV entry and infection, while the expression levels of genes related to transcription initiation, cell apoptosis, and host restriction factors were significantly upregulated. Importantly, we found that As2O3 treatment specifically induced apoptosis of SIV-infected CD4+ T cells. These findings revealed that As2O3 might not only impact viral latency, but also induce the apoptosis of HIV-infected cells and thus block the secondary infection of bystanders. Moreover, we investigated the therapeutic potential of this regimen in acutely SIVmac239-infected macaques and found that As2O3 + ART treatment effectively restored the CD4+ T cell count, delayed disease progression, and improved survival in acutely SIV-infected macaques. In sum, this work provides new insights to develop As2O3 as a component of the "shock-and-kill" strategy toward HIV functional cure. IMPORTANCE Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively suppress the viral load of AIDS patients, it cannot functionally cure HIV infection due to the existence of HIV reservoir. Strategies toward HIV functional cure are still highly anticipated to ultimately end the pandemic of AIDS. Herein, we investigated the direct role of As2O3 independent of ART in chronically SIV-infected macaques and explored the underlying mechanisms of the potential of As2O3 in the treatment of HIV/SIV infection. Meanwhile, we investigated the therapeutic effects of ART+As2O3 in acutely SIVmac239-infected macaques. This study showed that As2O3 has the potential to be launched into the "shock-and-kill" strategy to suppress HIV/SIV reservoir due to its latency-reversing and apoptosis-inducing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizi He
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiu Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengling Feng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Wen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yichu Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Lin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Xie L, Li Y. Advances in vaccinia virus-based vaccine vectors, with applications in flavivirus vaccine development. Vaccine 2022; 40:7022-7031. [PMID: 36319490 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Historically, virulent variola virus infection caused hundreds of millions of deaths. The smallpox pandemic in human beings has spread for centuries until the advent of the attenuated vaccinia virus (VV) vaccine, which played a crucial role in eradicating the deadly contagious disease. Decades of exploration and utilization have validated the attenuated VV as a promising vaccine vehicle against various lethal viruses. In this review, we focus on the advances in VV-based vaccine vector studies, including construction approaches of recombinant VV, the impact of VV-specific pre-existing immunity on subsequent VV-based vaccines, and antigen-specific immune responses. More specifically, the recombinant VV-based flaviviruses are intensively discussed. Based on the publication data, this review aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for future VV-based vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yaoming Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Li M, Yuan Y, Li P, Deng Z, Wen Z, Wang H, Feng F, Zou H, Chen L, Tang S, Sun C. Comparison of the Immunogenicity of HIV-1 CRF07_BC Gag Antigen With or Without a Seven Amino Acid Deletion in p6 Region. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850719. [PMID: 35450078 PMCID: PMC9017423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 CRF07_BC-p6Δ7, a strain with a seven amino acid deletion in the p6 region of the Gag protein, is becoming the dominant strain of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Previous studies demonstrated that HIV-1 patients infected by CRF07_BC-p6Δ7 strain had lower viral load and slower disease progression than those patients infected with CRF07_BC wild-type strain. However, the underlying mechanism for this observation is not fully clarified yet. In this study, we constructed the recombinant DNA plasmid and adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) vector-based constructs to express the HIV-1 CRF07_BC Gag antigen with or without p6Δ7 mutation and then investigated their immunogenicity in mice. Our results showed that HIV-1 CRF07_BC Gag antigen with p6Δ7 mutation induced a comparable level of Gag-specific antibodies but stronger CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses than that of CRF07_BC Gag (07_BC-wt). Furthermore, we identified a series of T-cell epitopes, which induced strong T-cell immune response and cross-immunity with CRF01_AE Gag. These findings implied that the p6Gag protein with a seven amino acid deletion might enhance the Gag immunogenicity in particular cellular immunity, which provides valuable information to clarify the pathogenic mechanism of HIV-1 CRF07_BC-p6Δ7 and to develop precise vaccine strategies against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaomin Deng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyu Wen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengling Feng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Wang H, Li P, Zhang M, Bi J, He Y, Li F, Yu R, Gao F, Kong W, Yu B, Chen L, Yu X. Vaccine with bacterium-like particles displaying HIV-1 gp120 trimer elicits specific mucosal responses and neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2022-2039. [PMID: 35290714 PMCID: PMC9249329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown that the induction of secretory IgA (sIgA) in mucosa and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera is essential for designing vaccines that can effectively block the transmission of HIV-1. We previously showed that a vaccine consisting of bacterium-like particles (BLPs) displaying Protan-gp120AE-MTQ (PAM) could induce mucosal immune responses through intranasal (IN) immunization in mice and NAbs through intramuscular (IM) immunization in guinea pigs. Here, we evaluated the ability of this vaccine BLP-PAM to elicit HIV-1-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses through IN and IM immunization combination strategies in rhesus macaques. First, the morphology, antigenicity and epitope accessibility of the vaccine were analysed by transmission electron microscopy, bio-layer interferometry and ELISA. In BLP-PAM-immunized macaques, HIV-1-specific sIgA were rapidly induced through IN immunization in situ and distant mucosal sites, although the immune responses are relatively weak. Furthermore, the HIV-1-specific IgG and IgA antibody levels in mucosal secretions were enhanced and maintained, while production of serum NAbs against heterologous HIV-1 tier 1 and 2 pseudoviruses was elicited after IM boost. Additionally, situ mucosal responses and systemic T cell immune responses were improved by rAd2-gp120AE boost immunization via the IN and IM routes. These results suggested that BLP-based delivery in combination with the IN and IM immunization approach represents a potential vaccine strategy against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jinpeng Bi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yizi He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangshen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Rongzhen Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Feng F, Wen Z, Chen J, Yuan Y, Wang C, Sun C. Strategies to Develop a Mucosa-Targeting Vaccine against Emerging Infectious Diseases. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030520. [PMID: 35336927 PMCID: PMC8952777 DOI: 10.3390/v14030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogenic microbes, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, usually infect the host through the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract. The mucosa is well known to provide the first line of host defense against pathogen entry by physical, chemical, biological, and immunological barriers, and therefore, mucosa-targeting vaccination is emerging as a promising strategy for conferring superior protection. However, there are still many challenges to be solved to develop an effective mucosal vaccine, such as poor adhesion to the mucosal surface, insufficient uptake to break through the mucus, and the difficulty in avoiding strong degradation through the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, increasing efforts to overcome these issues have been made, and we herein summarize the latest findings on these strategies to develop mucosa-targeting vaccines, including a novel needle-free mucosa-targeting route, the development of mucosa-targeting vectors, the administration of mucosal adjuvants, encapsulating vaccines into nanoparticle formulations, and antigen design to conjugate with mucosa-targeting ligands. Our work will highlight the importance of further developing mucosal vaccine technology to combat the frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Feng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (F.F.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziyu Wen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (F.F.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaoshan Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (F.F.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (F.F.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (F.F.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (F.F.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Exacerbated AIDS progression by PD-1 blockade during therapeutic vaccination in chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques after ART treatment interruption. J Virol 2021; 96:e0178521. [PMID: 34818070 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01785-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of latent HIV-1-infected cells, named the latent reservoir, is the major barrier to HIV-1 eradication, and the formation and maintenance of latent reservoir might be exacerbated by activation of the immunoinhibitory pathway and dysfunction of CD8+ T cells during HIV-1 infection. Our previous findings demonstrated that prophylactic vaccination combined with PD-1 blockade generated distinct immune response profiles and conferred effective control of highly pathogenic SIVmac239 infection in rhesus macaques. However, to our surprise, herein we found that a therapeutic vaccination in combination with PD-1 blockade resulted in activation of the viral reservoir, faster viral rebound after treatment interruption, accelerated acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression and ultimately death in chronically SIV-infected macaques after ART treatment interruption. Our study further demonstrated that the SIV provirus was preferentially enriched in PD-1+CD4+ T cells due to their susceptibility to viral entry, potent proliferation ability and inability to perform viral transcription. In addition, the viral latency was effectively reactivated upon PD-1 blockade. Together, these results suggest that PD-1 blockade may be a double-edged sword for HIV-1 immunotherapy, and they provide important insight for the rational design of immunotherapy strategies toward an HIV-1 cure. Importance As one of the most challenging public health problems, there is no clinically effective cure strategies against HIV-1 infection yet. We have demonstrated that prophylactic vaccination combined with PD-1 blockade generated distinct immune response profiles and conferred better control of highly pathogenic SIVmac239 infection in rhesus macaques. In the present study, to our surprise, PD-1 blockade during therapeutic vaccination accelerated the reactivation of latent reservoir and then AIDS progression in chronically SIV-infected macaques after ART treatment interruption. Our further study demonstrated that the latent SIV provirus was preferentially enriched in PD-1+CD4+ T cells because of its susceptibility of viral entry, inhibition of SIV transcription and potent ability of proliferation, and the viral latency was effectively reactivated by PD-1 blockade. Therefore, PD-1 blockade might be a double-edged sword for AIDS therapy. These findings provoke extensive interests to further exploit novel therapeutic treatment against HIV-1 infection and other emerging infectious diseases.
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8
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Niu M, Wong YC, Wang H, Li X, Chan CY, Zhang Q, Ling L, Cheng L, Wang R, Du Y, Yim LY, Jin X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Chen Z. Tandem bispecific antibody prevents pathogenic SHIV SF162P3CN infection and disease progression. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109611. [PMID: 34433029 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although progress has been made on constructing potent bi-specific broadly neutralizing antibody (bi-bNAb), few bi-bNAbs have been evaluated against HIV-1/AIDS in non-human primates (NHPs). Here, we report the efficacy of a tandem bi-bNAb, namely BiIA-SG, in Chinese-origin rhesus macaques (CRM) against the CRM-adapted R5-tropic pathogenic SHIVSF162P3CN challenge. Pre-exposure BiIA-SG injection prevents productive viral infection in 6 of 6 CRMs with unmeasurable proviral load, T cell responses, and seroconversion. Single BiIA-SG injection, at day 1 or 3 post viral challenge, significantly reduces peak viremia, achieves undetectable setpoint viremia in 8 of 13 CRMs, and delays disease progression for years in treated CRMs. In contrast, 6 of 8 untreated CRMs develop simian AIDS within 2 years. BiIA-SG-induced long-term protection is associated with CD8+ T cells as determined by anti-CD8β antibody depletion experiments. Our findings provide a proof-of-concept that bi-bNAb treatment elicits T cell immunity in NHPs, which warrant the clinical development of BiIA-SG for HIV-1 prevention and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Niu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, People's Repubic of China
| | - Chun Yin Chan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ling
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoke Wang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Du
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lok Yan Yim
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Jin
- Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoji Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, People's Repubic of China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Feng F, Hao H, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li R, Wen Z, Wu C, Li M, Li P, Chen L, Tang R, Wang X, Sun C. Shell-mediated phagocytosis to reshape viral-vectored vaccine-induced immunity. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121062. [PMID: 34418816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) has been extensively developed as a gene delivery vector, but the potential side effect caused by systematic immunization remains one major obstacle for its clinical application. Needle-free mucosal immunization with Ad-based vaccine shows advantages but still faces poor mucosal responses. We herein report that the chemical engineering of single live viral-based vaccine effectively modulated the location and pattern of the subsequently elicited immunity. Through precisely assembly of functional materials onto single live Ad particle, the modified virus entered host cell in a phagocytosis-dependent manner, which is completely distinct from the receptor-mediated entry of native Ad. RNA-Seq data further demonstrated that the modified Ad-induced innate immunity was sharply reshaped via phagocytosis-related pathway, therefore promoting the activation and mature of antigen presentation cells (APC). Moreover, the functional shell enabled the modified Ad-based vector with enhanced muco-adhesion to nasal tissues in mice, and then prolonged resident time onto mucosal surface, leading to the robust mucosal IgA production and T cell immunity at local and even remote mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. This study demonstrated that vaccine-induced immunity can be well modulated by chemistry engineering, and this method provides the rational design for needle-free mucosa-targeting vaccine against a variety of emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Feng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 514400, China
| | - Haibin Hao
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ziyu Wen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Chunxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 518107, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 518107, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 518107, China.
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 518107, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 514400, China.
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10
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Wong YC, Liu W, Yim LY, Li X, Wang H, Yue M, Niu M, Cheng L, Ling L, Du Y, Chen SMY, Cheung KW, Wang H, Tang X, Tang J, Zhang H, Song Y, Chakrabarti LA, Chen Z. Sustained viremia suppression by SHIVSF162P3CN-recalled effector-memory CD8+ T cells after PD1-based vaccination. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009647. [PMID: 34125864 PMCID: PMC8202916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 functional cure requires sustained viral suppression without antiretroviral therapy. While effector-memory CD8+ T lymphocytes are essential for viremia control, few vaccines elicit such cellular immunity that could be potently recalled upon viral infection. Here, we investigated a program death-1 (PD1)-based vaccine by fusion of simian immunodeficiency virus capsid antigen to soluble PD1. Homologous vaccinations suppressed setpoint viremia to undetectable levels in vaccinated macaques following a high-dose intravenous challenge by the pathogenic SHIVSF162P3CN. Poly-functional effector-memory CD8+ T cells were not only induced after vaccination, but were also recalled upon viral challenge for viremia control as determined by CD8 depletion. Vaccine-induced effector memory CD8+ subsets displayed high cytotoxicity-related genes by single-cell analysis. Vaccinees with sustained viremia suppression for over two years responded to boost vaccination without viral rebound. These results demonstrated that PD1-based vaccine-induced effector-memory CD8+ T cells were recalled by AIDS virus infection, providing a potential immunotherapy for functional cure. HIV-1/AIDS remains a major global pandemic although treatment regimen has improved. Identifying efficacious vaccines and therapeutics to achieve long-term viral control with very low/undetectable plasma viral loads in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, a status known as functional cure, would be highly beneficial. We previously demonstrated that antigens fused to a soluble program death-1 (PD1) domain could effectively bind and be cross-presented by dendritic cells that constitutively expressed PD1 ligands. When applied in the form of DNA vaccination, this antigen-targeting strategy was highly immunogenic in mice. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the PD1-based DNA vaccine approach against pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge in rhesus monkeys. Our results showed that homologous PD1-based DNA vaccinations induced highly functional effector-memory CD8+ T cells carrying a unique cytotoxicity gene expression profile. These T cells actively supressed viremia in monkeys and were re-activated via boost vaccination at 2 years after viral challenge without viral rebound. In summary, our study demonstrates the potential application of PD1-based DNA vaccination to control AIDS virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Chun Wong
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wan Liu
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lok Yan Yim
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengyue Niu
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Ling
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samantha M. Y. Chen
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Wai Cheung
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xian Tang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France; INSERM U1108, Paris, France
| | - Jiansong Tang
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haoji Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Youqiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lisa A. Chakrabarti
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France; INSERM U1108, Paris, France
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Wu C, Zhao J, Li R, Feng F, He Y, Li Y, Huang R, Li G, Yang H, Cheng G, Chen L, Ma F, Li P, Sun C. Modulation of Antiviral Immunity and Therapeutic Efficacy by 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Chronically SIV-Infected, ART-Treated Rhesus Macaques. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1197-1209. [PMID: 34057681 PMCID: PMC8165512 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and its enzymatic product 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) exert broadly antiviral activity including inhibiting HIV-1 infection. However, their antiviral immunity and therapeutic efficacy in a nonhuman primate model are unknown. Here, we report that the regimen of 25HC combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART), provides profound immunological modulation towards inhibiting viral replication in chronically SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Compared to the ART alone, this regimen more effectively controlled SIV replication, enhanced SIV-specific cellular immune responses, restored the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells, reversed the hyperactivation state of CD4+ T cells, and inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in chronically SIV-infected RMs. Furthermore, the in vivo safety and the preliminary pharmacokinetics of the 25HC compound were assessed in this RM model. Taken together, these assessments help explain the profound relationship between cholesterol metabolism, immune modulation, and antiviral activities by 25HC. These results provide insight for developing novel therapeutic drug candidates against HIV-1 infection and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 514400, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 514400, China
| | - Fengling Feng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 514400, China
| | - Yizi He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 514400, China
| | - Runhan Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Guangye Li
- Guangdong Landau Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 514400, China.
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12
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Mucosal Priming with a Recombinant Influenza A Virus-Vectored Vaccine Elicits T-Cell and Antibody Responses to HIV-1 in Mice. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00059-21. [PMID: 33789991 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00059-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant influenza A viral (IAV) vectors are potential to stimulate systemic and mucosal immunity, but the packaging capacity is limited and only one or a few epitopes can be carried. Here, we report the generation of a replication-competent IAV vector that carries a full-length HIV-1 p24 gene linked to the 5'-terminal coding region of the neuraminidase segment via a protease cleavage sequence (IAV-p24). IAV-p24 was successfully rescued and stably propagated, and P24 protein was efficiently expressed in infected mammalian cells. In BALB/c mice, IAV-p24 showed attenuated pathogenicity compared to that of the parental A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus. An intranasal inoculation with IAV-p24 elicited moderate HIV-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in the airway and vaginal tracts and in the spleen, and an intranasal boost with a replication-incompetent adenovirus type 2 vector expressing the HIV-1 gag gene (Ad2-gag) greatly improved these responses. Importantly, compared to an Ad2-gag prime plus IAV-p24 boost regimen, the IAV-p24 prime plus Ad2-gag boost regimen had a greater efficacy in eliciting HIV-specific CMI responses. P24-specific CD8+ T cells and antibodies were robustly provoked both systemically and in mucosal sites and showed long-term durability, revealing that IAV-p24 may be used as a mucosa-targeted priming vaccine. Our results illustrate that IAV-p24 is able to prime systemic and mucosal immunity against HIV-1 and warrants further evaluation in nonhuman primates.IMPORTANCE An effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive despite nearly 40 years of research. CD8+ T cells and protective antibodies may both be desirable for preventing HIV-1 infection in susceptible mucosal sites. Recombinant influenza A virus (IAV) vector has the potential to stimulate these immune responses, but the packaging capacity is extremely limited. Here, we describe a replication-competent IAV vector expressing the HIV-1 p24 gene (IAV-p24). Unlike most other IAV vectors that carried one or several antigenic epitopes, IAV-p24 stably expressed the full-length P24 protein, which contains multiple epitopes and is highly conserved among all known HIV-1 sequences. Compared to the parental A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus, IAV-p24 showed an attenuated pathogenicity in BALB/c mice. When combined with an adenovirus vector expressing the HIV-1 gag gene, IAV-p24 was able to prime P24-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. IAV-p24 as an alternative priming vaccine against HIV-1 warrants further evaluation in nonhuman primates.
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13
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A Zigzag but Upward Way to Develop an HIV-1 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030511. [PMID: 32911701 PMCID: PMC7564621 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of its epidemic, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is still rampant worldwide. An effective vaccine is considered to be the ultimate strategy to control and prevent the spread of HIV-1. To date, hundreds of clinical trials for HIV-1 vaccines have been tested. However, there is no HIV-1 vaccine available yet, mostly because the immune correlates of protection against HIV-1 infection are not fully understood. Currently, a variety of recombinant viruses-vectored HIV-1 vaccine candidates are extensively studied as promising strategies to elicit the appropriate immune response to control HIV-1 infection. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the immunological parameters to predict the protective efficacy of HIV-1 vaccines, and highlight the latest advances on HIV-1 vaccines based on viral vectors.
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14
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Bi J, Li F, Zhang M, Wang H, Lu J, Zhang Y, Ling H, Wang J, Gao F, Kong W, Yu B, Yu X. An HIV-1 vaccine based on bacterium-like particles elicits Env-specific mucosal immune responses. Immunol Lett 2020; 222:29-39. [PMID: 32173375 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although many vaccines have been designed to induce effective mucosal immune responses against HIV-1, designing an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a challenge. Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are a new type of vector used to induce mucosal immune responses, and have already been used for some vaccines against respiratory tract viruses. In this study, we designed a mucosal vaccine against HIV-1 based on BLPs. The vaccine was used to immunize both mice and guinea pigs via intramuscular (i.m.) injection or intranasal (i.n.) drip. We found that gp120 trimers bound to BLPs delivered via i.n. drip successfully induced Env-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) at mucosal sites in mice. Furthermore, nasal washes from guinea pigs immunized via i.n. drip showed neutralizing activity against HIV-1 tier 1 pseudoviruses. Thus, gp120 trimers bound to BLPs may be an effective vaccine strategy against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Bi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangshen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingcai Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong Ling
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiaye Wang
- Key Lab of Heilongjiang Province for infection and Immunity, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Key Lab of Heilongjiang Province Education Bureau for Etiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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15
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Zhang F, Wang L, Niu X, Li J, Luo J, Feng Y, Yang Y, He P, Fan W, Liang R, Zheng Z, Pan W, Li C, Tan YJ, Yu H, Chen L, Li P. Phenotypic Characterization of Chinese Rhesus Macaque Plasmablasts for Cloning Antigen-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2426. [PMID: 31681312 PMCID: PMC6798180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are used as a human-relevant animal species for the evaluation of vaccines and as a source for cloning monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are highly similar to human-derived antibodies. Although antibody-secreting plasmablasts in humans are well-defined and can be easily isolated for mAb cloning, it remains unclear whether the same phenotypic markers could be applied for isolating antibody-secreting plasmablasts from Chinese rhesus macaques. In this study, we evaluated a series of cell surface and intracellular markers and identified the phenotypic markers of plasmablasts in Chinese rhesus macaques as CD3−CD14−CD56−CD19−CD27−CD20−/lowCD80+HLA-DR+CD95+. After influenza virus vaccination, the plasmablasts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) increased transiently, peaked at day 4–7 after booster vaccination and returned to nearly undetectable levels by day 14. Antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays confirmed that the majority of the plasmablasts could produce influenza virus-specific antibodies. These plasmablasts showed transcriptional characteristics similar to those of human plasmablasts. Using single-cell PCR for immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, most mAbs cloned from the CD3−CD14−CD56−CD19−CD27−CD20−/lowCD80+HLA-DR+CD95+ plasmablasts after vaccination exhibited specific binding to influenza virus. This study defined the phenotypic markers for isolating antibody-secreting plasmablasts from Chinese rhesus macaques, which has implications for efficient cloning of mAbs and for the evaluation of plasmablast response after vaccination or infection in Chinese rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Longyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuefeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiashun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huadu People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renshan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chufang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yee Joo Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haijian Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huadu People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Yang Q, Feng F, Li P, Pan E, Wu C, He Y, Zhang F, Zhao J, Li R, Feng L, Hu F, Li L, Zou H, Cai W, Lehner T, Sun C, Chen L. Arsenic Trioxide Impacts Viral Latency and Delays Viral Rebound after Termination of ART in Chronically SIV-Infected Macaques. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900319. [PMID: 31380187 PMCID: PMC6662089 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The latent viral reservoir is the source of viral rebound after interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is the major obstacle in eradicating the latent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). In this study, arsenic class of mineral, arsenic trioxide, clinically approved for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia, is demonstrated to reactivate latent provirus in CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 patients and Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques, without significant systemic T cell activation and inflammatory responses. In a proof-of-concept study using chronically SIVmac239-infected macaques, arsenic trioxide combined with ART delays viral rebound after ART termination, reduces the integrated SIV DNA copies in CD4+ T cells, and restores CD4+ T cells counts in vivo. Most importantly, half of arsenic trioxide-treated macaques show no detectable viral rebound in the plasma for at least 80 days after ART discontinuation. Mechanistically, the study reveals that CD4 receptors and CCR5 co-receptors of CD4+ T cells are significantly downregulated by arsenic trioxide treatment, which reduces susceptibility to infection after provirus reactivation. Furthermore, an increase in SIV-specific immune responses after arsenic trioxide treatment may contribute to suppression of viral rebound. This work suggests that arsenic trioxide in combination with ART is a novel regimen in down-sizing or even eradicating latent HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Fengling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Enxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Chunxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Yizi He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong518107China
| | - Ruiting Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong518107China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510182China
| | - Linghua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510182China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong518107China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Guangzhou Eighth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510182China
| | - Thomas Lehner
- Mucosal Immunology UnitKing's College London at Guy's HospitalLondonWC2R 2LSUK
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong518107China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH)Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
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17
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Feng F, Zhao J, Li P, Li R, Chen L, Sun C. Preexisting Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes-Mediated Enhancement of Adenovirus Infections to Human Blood CD14+ Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020154. [PMID: 30781810 PMCID: PMC6409799 DOI: 10.3390/v11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific T lymphocytes play a critical role in controlling viral infections. However, we report here that preexisting virus-specific T cell responses also contribute to promoting adenovirus (Ad) infection. Previously, we found that CD14+ monocytes from Ad-seropositive individuals exhibited an increased susceptibility to Ad infection, when compared with that of Ad-seronegative individuals. But the underlying mechanisms for this enhancement of viral infection are not completely clarified. In this study, we found that the efficacy of Ad infection into CD14+ monocytes was significantly decreased after CD3+ T lymphocytes depletion from PBMC samples of Ad-seropositive individuals. In contrast, adding virus-specific CD3+ T lymphocytes into PBMC samples of Ad-seronegative individuals resulted in a significant increase of infection efficacy. CD3+ T lymphocytes in PBMC samples from Ad-seropositive individuals were more sensitive to be activated by adenovirus stimulus, characterized by upregulation of multiple cytokines and activation markers and also enhancement of cell proliferation. Further studies demonstrated that GM-CSF and IL-4 can promote Ad infection by up-regulating the expression of scavenger receptor 1 (SR-A) and integrins αVβ5 receptor of CD14+ cells. And taken together, these results suggest a novel role of virus-specific T cells in mediating enhancement of viral infection, and provide insights to understand the pathogenesis and complicated interactions between viruses and host immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Feng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Ruiting Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 518107, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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18
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Wu T, Ma F, Ma X, Jia W, Pan E, Cheng G, Chen L, Sun C. Regulating Innate and Adaptive Immunity for Controlling SIV Infection by 25-Hydroxycholesterol. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2686. [PMID: 30524435 PMCID: PMC6262225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation and extensive immune activation have been associated with HIV-1/SIV pathogenesis. Previously, we reported that cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and its metabolite 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) had a broad antiviral activity in inhibiting Zika, Ebola, and HIV-1 infection. However, the underlying immunological mechanism of CH25H and 25-HC in inhibiting viral infection remains poorly understood. We report here that 25-HC effectively regulates immune responses for controlling viral infection. CH25H expression was interferon-dependent and induced by SIV infection in monkey-derived macrophages and PBMC cells, and 25-HC inhibited SIV infection both in permissive cell lines and primary monkey lymphocytes. 25-HC also strongly inhibited bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation and restricted mitogen-stimulated proliferation in primary monkey lymphocytes. Strikingly, 25-HC promoted SIV-specific IFN-γ-producing cellular responses, but selectively suppressed proinflammatory CD4+ T lymphocytes secreting IL-2 and TNF-α cytokines in vaccinated mice. In addition, 25-HC had no significant immunosuppressive effects on cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes or antibody-producing B lymphocytes. Collectively, 25-HC modulated both innate and adaptive immune responses toward inhibiting HIV/SIV infection. This study provides insights into improving vaccination and immunotherapy regimes against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjin Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuchang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhe Jia
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Enxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Pan E, Feng F, Li P, Yang Q, Ma X, Wu C, Zhao J, Yan H, Chen R, Chen L, Sun C. Immune Protection of SIV Challenge by PD-1 Blockade During Vaccination in Rhesus Monkeys. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2415. [PMID: 30405615 PMCID: PMC6206945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Though immune correlates for protection are still under investigation, potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are desirable for an ideal HIV-1 vaccine. PD-1 blockade enhances SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. However, little information has been reported about how it affects the immunogenicity and protection of prophylactic SIV vaccines in nonhuman primates. Here, we show that PD-1 blockade during vaccination substantially improved protective efficacy in SIV challenged macaques. The PD-1 pathway was blocked using a monoclonal antibody specific to human PD-1. Administration of this antibody effectively augmented and sustained vaccine-induced SIV-specific T cell responses for more than 42 weeks after first immunization in rhesus monkeys, as compared with SIV vaccination only. Importantly, after intrarectally repeated low-dosage challenge with highly pathogenic SIVmac239, monkeys with PD-1 blockade during vaccination achieved full protection against incremental viral doses of up to 50,000 TICD50. These findings highlight the importance of PD-1 blockade during vaccination for the development of HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuchang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Rulei Chen
- Genor Biopharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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20
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Liu W, Wong YC, Chen SMY, Tang J, Wang H, Cheung AKL, Chen Z. DNA prime/MVTT boost regimen with HIV-1 mosaic Gag enhances the potency of antigen-specific immune responses. Vaccine 2018; 36:4621-4632. [PMID: 29961605 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 diversity and latent reservoir are the major challenges for the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. It is well indicated that Gag-specific CD8+ T cells serve as the dominant host immune surveillance for HIV-1 control, but it still remains a challenge for vaccine design to induce broader and stronger cytotoxic T cell immunity against the virus. Genetic variation of the HIV-1 gag gene across different clades is one of the reasons for the reduction of antigenic epitope coverage. Here, we report an immunization strategy with heterologous vaccines expressing a mosaic Gag antigen aimed to increase antigenic breadth against a wider spectrum of HIV-1 strains. Priming using a DNA vaccine via in vivo electroporation, followed by boosting with a live replication-competent modified vaccinia TianTan (MVTT) vectored vaccine, elicited greater and broader protective Gag-specific immune responses in mice. Compared to DNA or MVTT homologous immunization, the heterologous DNA/MVTT vaccination resulted in higher frequencies of broadly reactive, Gag-specific, polyfunctional, long-lived cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, as well as increased anti-Gag antibody titer. Importantly, the DNA/MVTT heterologous vaccination induced protection against EcoHIV and mesothelioma AB1-Gag challenges. In summary, the stronger protective Gag-specific immunity induced by the heterologous regimen using two safe vectors shows promise for further development to enhance anti-HIV-1 immunity. Our study has important implications for immunogen design and the development of an effective HIV-1 heterologous vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Samantha M Y Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Jiansong Tang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Allen Ka Loon Cheung
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.
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21
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Feng Y, Li C, Hu P, Wang Q, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Yang S, Yi C, Feng Y, Wu C, Qu L, Xu W, Li Y, Sun C, Gao FG, Xia X, Feng L, Chen L. An adenovirus serotype 2-vectored ebolavirus vaccine generates robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in mice and rhesus macaques. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:101. [PMID: 29872043 PMCID: PMC5988821 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ebolavirus vaccines based on several adenoviral vectors have been investigated in preclinical studies and clinical trials. The use of adenovirus serotype 2 as a vector for ebolavirus vaccine has not been reported. Herein, we generated rAd2-ZGP, a recombinant replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 2 expressing codon-optimized Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein, and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice and rhesus macaques. rAd2-ZGP induced significant antibody and cell-mediated immune responses at 2 weeks after a single immunization. The glycoprotein (GP)-specific immune responses could be further enhanced with a booster immunization. Compared to protein antigens, Zaire ebolavirus GP and Zaire ebolavirus-like particles, rAd2-ZGP could induce stronger cross-reactive antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to heterologous Sudan ebolavirus in mice and rhesus macaques. In rAd2-ZGP-immunized macaques, GP-specific CD8+ T cells could secret IFN-γ and IL-2, indicating a Th1-biased response. In adenovirus serotype 5 seropositive macaques, rAd2-ZGP could induce robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, suggesting that the efficacy of rAd2-ZGP is not affected by pre-existing immunity to adenovirus serotype 5. These results demonstrated that rAd2-ZGP can be considered an alternative ebolavirus vaccine for use in adenovirus serotype 5 seropositive subjects or as a sequential booster vaccine after the subjects have been immunized with a recombinant adenovirus serotype 5-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chufang Li
- The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Peiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Changhua Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ying Feng
- The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chunxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Fu Geroge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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22
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Li P, Feng F, Pan E, Fan X, Yang Q, Guan M, Chen L, Sun C. Scavenger receptor-mediated Ad5 entry and acLDL accumulation in monocytes/macrophages synergistically trigger innate responses against viral infection. Virology 2018; 519:86-98. [PMID: 29680370 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is a common cause of respiratory tract infection, and populations worldwide have high prevalence of anti-Ad5 antibodies, implying extensively prior infection. Ad5 infection potently activates the host innate defense and inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms are not completely clarified. We report here that monocytes from Ad5-seropositive subjects upregulates the expression of scavenger receptor A (SR-A), and the increased SR-A promote the susceptibility of Ad5 entry and subsequent innate signaling activation. SR-A is also known as major receptor for lipid uptake, we therefore observed that monocytes from Ad5-seropositive subjects accumulated the acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) and had the elevated cellular stress to induce the activation of monocyte/macrophages. These findings demonstrate that SR-A-mediated Ad5 entry, innate signaling activation and acLDL accumulation synergistically trigger the robust antiviral innate and inflammatory responses, which are helpful to our understanding of the pathogenesis of adenovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Guan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Abstract
Since the discovery of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981, it has been extremely difficult to develop an effective vaccine or a therapeutic cure despite over 36 years of global efforts. One of the major reasons is due to the lack of an immune-competent animal model that supports live human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and disease progression such that vaccine-induced correlates of protection and efficacy can be determined clearly before human trials. Nevertheless, rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and chimeric simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) have served as invaluable models not only for understanding AIDS pathogenesis but also for studying HIV vaccine and cure. In this chapter, therefore, we summarize major scientific evidence generated in these models since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic. Hopefully, the accumulated knowledge and lessons contributed by thousands of scientists will be useful in promoting the search of an ultimate solution to end HIV/AIDS.
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Wijesundara DK, Ranasinghe C, Grubor-Bauk B, Gowans EJ. Emerging Targets for Developing T Cell-Mediated Vaccines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2091. [PMID: 29118747 PMCID: PMC5660999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 has infected >75 million individuals globally, and, according to the UN, is responsible for ~2.1 million new infections and 1.1 million deaths each year. Currently, there are ~37 million individuals with HIV infection and the epidemic has already resulted in 35 million deaths. Despite the advances of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), a cost-effective vaccine remains the best long-term solution to end the HIV-1 epidemic especially given that the vast majority of infected individuals live in poor socio-economic regions of the world such as Sub-Saharan Africa which limits their accessibility to ART. The modest efficacy of the RV144 Thai trial provides hope that a vaccine for HIV-1 is possible, but as markers for sterilizing immunity are unknown, the design of an effective vaccine is empirical, although broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (bNAb) that can neutralize various quasispecies of HIV-1 are considered crucial. Since HIV-1 transmission often occurs at the genito-rectal mucosa and is cell-associated, there is a need to develop vaccines that can elicit CD8+ T cell immunity with the capacity to kill virus infected cells at the genito-rectal mucosa and the gut. Here we discuss the recent progress made in developing T cell-mediated vaccines for HIV-1 and emphasize the need to elicit mucosal tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (CD8+ Trm) cells. CD8+ Trm cells will likely form a robust front-line defense against HIV-1 and eliminate transmitter/founder virus-infected cells which are responsible for propagating HIV-1 infections following transmission in vast majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka K Wijesundara
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eric J Gowans
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Yang Q, Ding Y, Feng F, Pan E, Fan X, Ma X, Chen L, Zhao J, Sun C. Structure-optimized dihydropyranoindole derivative GIBH-LRA002 potentially reactivated viral latency in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes of chronic HIV-1 patients. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1806-1809. [PMID: 30108890 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on structure modification and a high-throughput Jurkat-Lat cell screening model, we found that GIBH-LRA002, ethyl-2-amino-3-cyano-9-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-4,9-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]indole-4-carboxylate, effectively reactivated the latent proviruses in a Jurkat-Lat cell line and primary CD4+ T cells from both chronic SIV-infected rhesus macaques and HIV-1 patients but without inducing systemic activation, making this compound attractive for potentially treating HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China . .,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , 510120 , China
| | - Yuyang Ding
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China . .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Fengling Feng
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China . .,School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei , 230027 , China
| | - Enxiang Pan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China . .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Xiaozhen Fan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China . .,School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei , 230027 , China
| | - Xiuchang Ma
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China .
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China . .,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , 510120 , China
| | - Junling Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China .
| | - Caijun Sun
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , China .
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Tang X, Guo J, Cheng L, Sun C, Liu L, Zuo T, Wang H, Chen L, Zhang L, Chen Z. Single N277A substitution in C2 of simian immunodeficiency virus envelope influences vaccine-elicited CD4i neutralizing and anti-V2 antibody responses. Vaccine 2017; 35:2582-2591. [PMID: 28366604 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An effective HIV vaccine remains elusive, and immunogens capable of eliciting protective host humoral immunity have not yet been identified. Although HIV/SIV infections result in the abundant production of CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies (Abs), these Abs are not protective due to steric restrictions following gp120 binding to CD4 on target cells. Here we report that both DNA- and vaccinia-based vaccines encoding SIVmac239 gp160 readily elicited high levels of CD4i Abs in experimental animals. We identified a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site N277 in the C2 region which strongly affected the immunogenicity of the CD4i Ab domain. Moreover, a single N277A substitution significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of the V2 domain yielding higher titers and frequency of anti-V2 Ab responses as determined by ELISA and yeast antigen display mapping, respectively. Importantly, immune sera elicited by the N277A-mutated gp160 exhibited elevated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. ADCC activity correlated positively with the anti-V2 Ab titer yet, inversely with CD4i Ab titer. Thus, we identified a determinant of the CD4i domain that might affect vaccine-elicited anti-V2 Ab and ADCC responses to SIVmac239. Our findings may have implications for design of immunogens to direct B cell recognition in the development of an Ab-based HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Tang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Lab of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jia Guo
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Lin Cheng
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Lab of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Teng Zuo
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Lab of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Lab of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Fuchs SP, Desrosiers RC. Promise and problems associated with the use of recombinant AAV for the delivery of anti-HIV antibodies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16068. [PMID: 28197421 PMCID: PMC5289440 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to elicit antibodies with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates have so far proven unsuccessful. Long-term delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with such activity is a creative alternative that circumvents the need for an immune response and has the potential for creating a long-lasting sterilizing barrier against HIV. This approach is made possible by an incredible array of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that have been identified over the last several years. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are ideally suited for long-term delivery for a variety of reasons. The only products made from rAAV are derived from the transgenes that are put into it; as long as those products are not viewed as foreign, expression from muscle tissue may continue for decades. Thus, use of rAAV to achieve long-term delivery of anti-HIV mAbs with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of HIV-1 isolates is emerging as a promising concept for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection in humans. Experiments in mice and monkeys that have demonstrated protective efficacy against AIDS virus infection have raised hopes for the promise of this approach. However, all published experiments in monkeys have encountered unwanted immune responses to the AAV-delivered antibody, and these immune responses appear to limit the levels of delivered antibody that can be achieved. In this review, we highlight the promise of rAAV-mediated antibody delivery for the prevention or treatment of HIV infection in humans, but we also discuss the obstacles that will need to be understood and solved in order for the promise of this approach to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald C Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida, USA
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Del Prete GQ, Lifson JD, Keele BF. Nonhuman primate models for the evaluation of HIV-1 preventive vaccine strategies: model parameter considerations and consequences. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2016; 11:546-554. [PMID: 27559710 PMCID: PMC5100008 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonhuman primate (NHP) models of AIDS are powerful systems for evaluating HIV vaccine approaches in vivo. Authentic features of HIV-1 transmission, dissemination, target cell tropism, and pathogenesis, and aspects of anti-HIV-1 immune responses, can be recapitulated in NHPs provided the appropriate, specific model parameters are considered. Here, we discuss key model parameter options and their implications for HIV-1 vaccine evaluation. RECENT FINDINGS With the availability of several different NHP host species/subspecies, different challenge viruses and challenge stock production methods, and various challenge routes and schemata, multiple NHP models of AIDS exist for HIV vaccine evaluation. The recent development of multiple new challenge viruses, including chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses and simian immunodeficiency virus clones, improved characterization of challenge stocks and production methods, and increased insight into specific challenge parameters have resulted in an increase in the number of available models and a better understanding of the implications of specific study design choices. SUMMARY Recent progress and technical developments promise new insights into basic disease mechanisms and improved models for better preclinical evaluation of interventions to prevent HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Q. Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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Musich T, Robert-Guroff M. New developments in an old strategy: heterologous vector primes and envelope protein boosts in HIV vaccine design. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1015-27. [PMID: 26910195 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1158108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prime/boost vaccination strategies for HIV/SIV vaccine development have been used since the early 1990s and have become an established method for eliciting cell and antibody mediated immunity. Here we focus on induction of protective antibodies, both broadly neutralizing and non-neutralizing, with the viral envelope being the key target antigen. Prime/boost approaches are complicated by the diversity of autologous and heterologous priming vectors, and by various forms of envelope booster immunogens, many still in development as structural studies aim to design stable constructs with exposure of critical epitopes for protective antibody elicitation. This review discusses individual vaccine components, reviews recent prime/boost strategies and their outcomes, and highlights complicating factors arising as greater knowledge concerning induction of adaptive, protective immunity is acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Musich
- a Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- a Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Song H, Lee AY, Jung H, Choi JH, Roh K, Ha S, Kim KD, Bae KB, Kang MS, Park S, Choi IW, Seo SK, Park S. A8, an anti-uPA agonistic antibody, promotes metastasis of cancer cells via ERK pathway. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015; 33:312-8. [PMID: 25357998 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) are expressed in many tumors and have been reported to be correlated to protein expression and poor prognosis in malignant tumors. In a previous study, we reported on the selection of human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) A8 specific to uPA from phage-displayed human naïve scFv library. In this study, scFv A8 was converted to minibody form and evaluated for its functional ability on the uPA system involved in cellular signaling and cancer cell metastasis. A8 minibody increased enzyme activity of uPA and enhanced the migration and invasion of HT1080 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. A8 increased ERK phosphorylation, and enhanced migration was blocked by U0126, but not by LY0294002, SB2203580, and SP600125. A8 minibody also enhanced migration of MDA-MB231 by mediated expressing surface uPA, but not that of MCF-7 non-expressing surface uPA. Taken together, the A8 anti-uPA antibody is a uPA agonistic antibody, enhancing migration and invasion of cancer cells that express uPA via activation of ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkeun Song
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, INJE University College of Medicine , Busan, Republic of Korea
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Simian immunodeficiency virus infection evades vaccine-elicited antibody responses to V2 region. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 68:502-10. [PMID: 25622057 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An effective AIDS vaccine should elicit protective antibody responses against HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. We recently reported that mucosal priming with a replicating modified vaccinia Tiantan virus (MVTTgpe)-based vaccine regimen induces durable protection against pathogenic SIVmac239 infection in rhesus monkeys. Here, we aim to conduct a comprehensive analysis on antigenic determinants recognized by specific antibody responses generated by vaccination and SIVmac239 infection. METHODS A novel yeast surface displayed antigen library of entire SIVmac239 envelope (Env) glycoprotein was established and validated to map the major antigenic determinants (MAD) in monkey sera elicited by vaccination and infection. MAD-directed antibody responses were further analyzed for correlation of protection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The yeast surface displayed library allows the mapping of SIV-specific linear and conformational MAD. The MVTTgpe-based regimen induces antibodies targeting mainly to 6 antigenic domains covering the entire gp160. Critically, this regimen induced a uniquely predominant antibody response against a distinct MAD in variable region 2 (V2) as compared with the Ad5gpe-based vaccine and SIVmac239 infection. This MAD was associated with a higher titer of anti-V2 antibody responses, which was inversely correlated with peak and set-point viral loads. Unexpectedly, the pathogenic SIVmac239 challenge evaded the vaccine-elicited anti-V2 antibody response. Instead of recalling B-cell memory responses to the V2 MAD, viral infection directed anti-V1V2 antibodies primarily to V1 region. Moreover, the anti-V1V2 antibody responses diminished significantly in infected macaques after they enter the stage of simian AIDS. Our findings have critical implications to AIDS vaccine efforts with focus on V2 region.
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Tuero I, Robert-Guroff M. Challenges in mucosal HIV vaccine development: lessons from non-human primate models. Viruses 2014; 6:3129-58. [PMID: 25196380 PMCID: PMC4147690 DOI: 10.3390/v6083129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious HIV vaccine is urgently needed to curb the AIDS pandemic. The modest protection elicited in the phase III clinical vaccine trial in Thailand provided hope that this goal might be achieved. However, new approaches are necessary for further advances. As HIV is transmitted primarily across mucosal surfaces, development of immunity at these sites is critical, but few clinical vaccine trials have targeted these sites or assessed vaccine-elicited mucosal immune responses. Pre-clinical studies in non-human primate models have facilitated progress in mucosal vaccine development by evaluating candidate vaccine approaches, developing methodologies for collecting and assessing mucosal samples, and providing clues to immune correlates of protective immunity for further investigation. In this review we have focused on non-human primate studies which have provided important information for future design of vaccine strategies, targeting of mucosal inductive sites, and assessment of mucosal immunity. Knowledge gained in these studies will inform mucosal vaccine design and evaluation in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskra Tuero
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
In spite of several attempts over many years at developing a HIV vaccine based on classical strategies, none has convincingly succeeded to date. As HIV is transmitted primarily by the mucosal route, particularly through sexual intercourse, understanding antiviral immunity at mucosal sites is of major importance. An ideal vaccine should elicit HIV-specific antibodies and mucosal CD8⁺ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) as a first line of defense at a very early stage of HIV infection, before the virus can disseminate into the secondary lymphoid organs in mucosal and systemic tissues. A primary focus of HIV preventive vaccine research is therefore the induction of protective immune responses in these crucial early stages of HIV infection. Numerous approaches are being studied in the field, including building upon the recent RV144 clinical trial. In this article, we will review current strategies and briefly discuss the use of adjuvants in designing HIV vaccines that induce mucosal immune responses.
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Jin Y, Sun C, Feng L, Li P, Xiao L, Ren Y, Wang D, Li C, Chen L. Regulation of SIV antigen-specific CD4+ T cellular immunity via autophagosome-mediated MHC II molecule-targeting antigen presentation in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93143. [PMID: 24671203 PMCID: PMC3966893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity has increasingly received attention due to its contribution in the control of HIV viral replication; therefore, it is of great significance to improve CD4+ T cell responses to enhance the efficacy of HIV vaccines. Recent studies have suggested that macroautophagy plays a crucial role in modulating adaptive immune responses toward CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells. In the present study, a new strategy based on a macroautophagy degradation mechanism is investigated to enhance CD4+ T cell responses against the HIV/SIV gag antigen. Our results showed that when fused to the autophagosome-associated LC3b protein, SIVgag protein can be functionally targeted to autophagosomes, processed by autophagy-mediated degradation in autolysosomes/lysosomes, presented to MHC II compartments and elicit effective potential CD4 T cell responses in vitro. Importantly, compared with the SIVgag protein alone, SIVgag-LC3b fusion antigen can induce a stronger antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response in mice, which is characterized by an enhanced magnitude and polyfunctionality. This study provides insight for the immunological modulation between viral and mammalian cells via autophagy, and it also presents an alternative strategy for the design of new antigens in the development of effective HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CS); (LC)
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Dimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Chufang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CS); (LC)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To briefly describe some of the replication-competent vectors being investigated for development of candidate HIV vaccines focusing primarily on technologies that have advanced to testing in macaques or have entered clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Replication-competent viral vectors have advanced to the stage at which decisions can be made regarding the future development of HIV vaccines. The viruses being used as replication-competent vector platforms vary considerably, and their unique attributes make it possible to test multiple vaccine design concepts and also mimic various aspects of an HIV infection. Replication-competent viral vectors encoding simian immunodeficiency virus or HIV proteins can be used to safely immunize macaques, and in some cases, there is evidence of significant vaccine efficacy in challenge protection studies. Several live HIV vaccine vectors are in clinical trials to evaluate immunogenicity, safety, the effect of mucosal delivery, and potential effects of preexisting immunity. SUMMARY A variety of DNA and RNA viruses are being used to develop replication-competent viral vectors for HIV vaccine delivery. Multiple viral vector platforms have proven to be well tolerated and immunogenic with evidence of efficacy in macaques. Some of the more advanced HIV vaccine prototypes based on vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus, measles virus, and Sendai virus are in clinical trials.
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Liang J, Chen J, Tan Z, Peng J, Zheng X, Nishiura K, Ng J, Wang Z, Wang D, Chen Z, Liu L. Extracts of medicinal herb Sanguisorba officinalis inhibit the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type one. J Food Drug Anal 2013; 21:S52-S58. [PMID: 25191092 PMCID: PMC4151571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been successful in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated morbidity and mortality since its introduction in 1996. However, it fails to eradicate HIV-1 infection. The high cost of life-long highly active antiretroviral therapy and the emergence of drug resistance among HIV-1-infected individuals have brought renewed pressure for the discovery of novel antivirals and alternative medicines. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a complementary and alternative medicine, and serves as a rich resource for new drug development. Despite the almost 100 plant-derived compounds that are in clinical trials, few target HIV-1 infection. In this study, we discovered that Sanguisorba officinalis extract (SOE) has anti-HIV-1 properties. Using a cell-based assay and single-cycle luciferase reporter viruses pseudotyped with envelopes from HIV-1 or control viruses, we found that SOE exhibited significant inhibitory ability against both CCR5 and CXCR4 tropic HIV-1 (ADA and HXB2), with respective IC50 values of 1.91 ± 0.16 μg/mL and 3.70 ± 0.53 μg/mL. SOE also inhibited simian immunodeficiency virus infection but failed to block vesicular stomatitis virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and influenza H5N1 pseudoviruses. Furthermore, we showed that SOE had no effect on postentry events of HIV-1 replication. Because SOE pretreatment with the virus but not with cell lines expressing viral receptors showed the maximal inhibitory activity, we can state that SOE probably blocks entry by acting on the viral envelope directly. In addition, SOE was able to inhibit reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistant viruses (K103N, Y188L, and K103N/Y188L/G190A) and a protease inhibitor resistant strain (PI-2840). Our findings demonstrate SOE as a novel and specific entry inhibitor, which sheds light on the discovery of anti-HIV-1 drugs from traditional herbal medicines.
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Jensen K, Pena MGD, Wilson RL, Ranganathan UDK, Jacobs WR, Fennelly G, Larsen M, Van Rompay KKA, Kozlowski PA, Abel K. A neonatal oral Mycobacterium tuberculosis-SIV prime / intramuscular MVA-SIV boost combination vaccine induces both SIV and Mtb-specific immune responses in infant macaques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:53-63. [PMID: 24454591 DOI: 10.1016/j.trivac.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mother-to-child-transmission of HIV by breast-feeding remains a major obstacle in the eradication of HIV infection. Compared to adults, HIV-infected infants have more rapid disease and show higher susceptibility to co-infections like tuberculosis (TB). Although the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine can be administered at birth to protect against TB, BCG can disseminate in HIV-infected infants and increase mortality. Thus, a pediatric combination vaccine to stop both HIV and TB infection in infants is urgently needed. Towards the goal of developing a pediatric combination HIV-TB vaccine to prevent both oral HIV acquisition by breast-feeding and TB infection, we tested and optimized an immunization regimen using a novel live attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine engineered to express simian immunodeficiency (SIV) antigens followed by heterologous MVA-SIV boosting in the infant macaque model. A single oral dose of the attenuated Mtb-SIV vaccine strain mc26435 during the first week of life was sufficient to induce persistent TB-specific immune responses. SIV-specific immunity was induced at low but comparable magnitudes after oral or intradermal priming, and was enhanced following MVA-SIV boosts. T cell responses were most pronounced in intestinal tissues and oral lymph nodes. Importantly, in addition to plasma SIV-specific IgG and IgA antibodies, infant macaques developed mucosal SIV-specific IgA in saliva and intestinal IgA and IgG. While future SIV and Mtb challenge studies will be needed to determine the protective efficacy of the Mtb-SIV / MVA-SIV vaccine, infants at high risk for oral HIV acquisition by breast-feeding and TB infection could profoundly benefit from an effective combination vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Jensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Myra Grace Dela Pena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert L Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | | | | | - Glenn Fennelly
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Michelle Larsen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, CA, United States
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Kristina Abel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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