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Weary TE, Mehta KPM, Goldberg TL. Novel Gammapapillomavirus type in the nasal cavity of a wild red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles). Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000866.v3. [PMID: 39165252 PMCID: PMC11334581 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000866.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are double-stranded, circular, epitheliotropic DNA viruses causing benign warts (papillomas) or inducing dysplasia that can progress to cancer. Although they have been identified in all vertebrate taxa, most classified types are human PVs (HPVs); relatively little is known about PVs in other species. Here we characterize a novel Gammapapillomavirus type, PtepPV1, from a nasal swab of a wild red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. The virus has a genome of 6576 bases, encoding the seven canonical early (E) ORFs (E6, E7, E1, E2, E4, E1^E4 and E8^E2) and two late (L) ORFs (L1 and L2) of the gammapapillomaviruses, and is 81.0% similar to HPV-mSK_118, detected in a cutaneous wart from an immunocompromised human patient, in the L1 gene at the amino acid level. Alphapapillomaviruses (genus Alphapapillomavirus) cause anogenital carcinomas such as cervical cancer and have been described previously in several nonhuman primates. However, the first gammapapillomavirus (genus Gammapapillomavirus), which cause transient cutaneous infections, was not described until 2019 in a healthy rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) genital swab. The new virus from red colobus, PtepPV1, has many genomic features encoded by high-risk oncogenic PVs, such as the E7 gene LXSXE and CXXC motifs, suggesting potential for pRb and zinc-finger binding, respectively. To our knowledge, PtepPV1 is also the first reported nonhuman primate PV found in the nasal cavity. PtepPV1 expands the known host range, geographical distribution, tissue tropism and biological characteristics of nonhuman primate PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E. Weary
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kavi P. M. Mehta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
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Gilio Gasparotto PH, Ribeiro dos Santos I, Viera Dantas Filho J, Soares da Silva M, dos Anjos Souza F, de Macedo Sousa JC, Driemeier D, Wageck Canal C, Chaves da Silva FR, Daudt C. Characterization of Bovine Papillomavirus Types Detected in Cattle Rumen Tissues from Amazon Region, Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2262. [PMID: 39123787 PMCID: PMC11311079 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bos Taurus Papillomavirus, commonly known as bovine papillomavirus (BPV), can cause lesions in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in cattle and induce the formation of papillomas in organs such as the pharynx, esophagus, rumen and reticulum. GIT papillomas can lead to feeding and breathing distress. Moreover, the sample collection is challenging, which reduces the BPV diagnosis in these organs. BPV can cause exophytic nodular, cauliflower-like, flat, filiform or atypical-shape papillomas at the epidermis. Histologically, the papillomas demonstrate orthokeratotic/parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis and, currently, BPV comprises 45 described types. The aim of this study was to carry out the genetic characterization of BPV present in rumen neoplastic lesions of cattle raised extensively in the Western Amazon region, Brazil. A total of 100 papillomatous ruminal samples were collected from animals slaughtered in Ji-Paraná and Urupá municipalities from the Rondônia state, Brazil. The samples were submitted to PCR using the primer pair FAP59/FAP64 and sequenced by the Sanger method. Histopathological analysis was performed on 24 samples, which had enough material for this purpose. As a result, samples were histologically classified as fibropapilloma and squamous papilloma. Among the samples analyzed, it was possible to identify the BPVs 2, 13 (Delta PVs) and 44, with one sample classified as a putative new subtype of BPV44. The present study could identify BPV13 and 44 types in cattle rumen tissues from the Brazilian Amazon region for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Gilio Gasparotto
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil (F.R.C.d.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Igor Ribeiro dos Santos
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Viera Dantas Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Rolim de Moura 76801-058, Brazil
- Department de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário São Lucas Ji-Paraná (UniSL Afya), Ji-Paraná 76907-524, Brazil
| | - Mariana Soares da Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Fernanda dos Anjos Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil (F.R.C.d.S.); (C.D.)
| | | | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Flavio Roberto Chaves da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil (F.R.C.d.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Cíntia Daudt
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil (F.R.C.d.S.); (C.D.)
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Pulecio-Santos SL, de Souza AJS, Sá LRMD. Epidemiological characterization of oral focal epithelial hyperplasia in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans). J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12728. [PMID: 39148335 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) is an uncommon infection affecting humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and howler monkeys. This study describes 10 cases of free-ranging brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) diagnosed with FEH and Alouatta guariba Papillomavirus 1 (AgPV 1). METHODS We analyzed demographic characteristics, rescue conditions, clinical and pathological findings, and species-specific behavior factors in these cases. The study assessed the frequency of occurrence and potential contributing factors of FEH and AgPV 1 infection. RESULTS The frequency of FEH was 8.13%. Most affected howlers were adult or geriatric males with comorbidities or stressful conditions. Clinical and pathological observations were consistent with AgPV 1 infection. Species-specific behaviors and environmental stressors were identified as contributing factors. CONCLUSIONS FEH associated with AgPV 1 affected mainly adult or geriatric males with ongoing comorbidities or stressful conditions. Further research is needed to understand these factors for effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Lorena Pulecio-Santos
- Diagnostic and Environmental Pathology Laboratory. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Junior Souza de Souza
- Diagnostic and Environmental Pathology Laboratory. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
- Diagnostic and Environmental Pathology Laboratory. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Munday JS, Dunbar ME, Wightman P, Piripi S. Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus on the digit of a cat. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:112-117. [PMID: 38043925 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2285294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS An approximately 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat developed swelling and ulceration of the second digit of the right front paw. Radiographs revealed a spherical soft tissue swelling with irregular distal margins that contained multiple lacy mineral opacities. The digit was amputated and submitted for histology. No recurrence has been observed 7 months after amputation. PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS Histology revealed a moderately well-circumscribed proliferation of well-differentiated squamous cells arranged in trabeculae and nests. Numerous thin spicules of osseous metaplasia were visible throughout the neoplasm. Around 70% of the neoplastic cells contained papillomavirus-induced cell changes including large amphophilic cytoplasmic bodies and cells with shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. Intense p16CDKN2A protein immunostaining was visible within the neoplastic cells, suggesting papillomavirus-induced changes in cell regulation. A DNA sequence from a putative novel Taupapillomavirus type was amplified from the neoplasm. DIAGNOSIS Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus type. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings in this case increase the number of papillomavirus types known to infect cats, and the squamous cell carcinoma had histological features that have not been previously reported. The neoplasm was not as invasive as is typical for a squamous cell carcinoma and excision appeared curative. This is the first report of an osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of cats and the neoplasm had a unique radiographic appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- Department of Pathobiology, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M E Dunbar
- Pet Doctors Hillcrest, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - P Wightman
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S Piripi
- IDEXX Laboratories (NZ), Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Yıldırım Y, Doğan F, Bozkurt G, Küçük A, Acar G, Bilge-Dağalp S. Identification and molecular characterization of two papillomavirus genotypes in teat papillomatosis cases in hair goats, in Türkiye. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 104:102111. [PMID: 38101193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses can cause benign or malignant proliferations on the host's skin and mucous membranes. Recent genetic studies have identified many new papillomavirus types. In this study, molecular detection and typing was performed on papilloma samples from eight hair goats with teat papillomatosis. The papilloma samples were tested with degenerate (FAP59/FAP64,MY09/MY11) and type-specific primers. One sample was positive with degenerate (MY09/MY11) and two samples were positive with Caprahircus papillomavirus-1 type specific primers. The MY09/MY11 primer sequence indicated identity to the closest Ovine papillomavirus type-2 (77.9%). The ChPV-1 primer sequence was similar to the closest ChPV-1 (99.4%). Investigating papillomavirus types in different animal species is important for determining the evolution, prevalence, host range, and interspecies transmission potential of papillomaviruses, and to indicate suitable therapeutics for later development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Yıldırım
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Burdur, Türkiye.
| | - Fırat Doğan
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Hatay, Türkiye.
| | - Gökhan Bozkurt
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Burdur, Türkiye.
| | - Ali Küçük
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Training Hospital, Burdur, Türkiye.
| | - Gülizar Acar
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Erzurum, Türkiye.
| | - Seval Bilge-Dağalp
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara, Türkiye.
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Affolter VK, Yager JA, von Tscharner C, Mauldin E. Pattern analysis for the diagnosis of inflammatory skin lesions in domestic animals: An overview. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:723-731. [PMID: 37515547 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231189456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Pattern analysis of inflammatory skin diseases is a technique that offers a systematic approach to the histologic diagnosis of skin diseases. First introduced to human dermatopathology in the 1970s, it was widely adopted by veterinary pathologists for the histologic diagnosis of skin diseases in animals. As the inflammatory pattern reflects, to varying extents, aspects of the underlying disease pathogenesis, its use has contributed to the recognition of novel skin diseases in domestic animals, particularly in dogs and cats. Alternative diagnostic approaches used in human dermatopathology, such as "tissue-reaction pattern" and a purely "anatomic approach" have not been as widely used in veterinary pathology. However, veterinary pathologists often combine pattern analysis with anatomic and etiologic factors. This overview outlines the technique, introduces the patterns, and discusses advantages and limitations of pattern analysis in veterinary diagnostic dermatopathology. While molecular analytic techniques and image informatics will undoubtedly prove to be revolutionary in many areas of diagnostic pathology, it is recognized in both human and veterinary arenas that the light microscopic interpretation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections will remain the mainstay of routine dermatopathology diagnosis for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie A Yager
- Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Pyrek P, Bednarski M, Popiel J, Siedlecka M, Karwańska M. Genetic Evaluation of Bovine Papillomavirus Types Associated with Teat Papillomatosis in Polish Dairy Cattle with the Report of a New Putative Type. Pathogens 2023; 12:1278. [PMID: 38003743 PMCID: PMC10674157 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Teat papillomatosis is reported to be one of the factors causing mastitis and milk losses in dairy cattle. Little is known about bovine papillomavirus (BPV) circulation in the European cattle population, and no reports can yet be found about its prevalence in Polish herds. In this study, 177 BPV-like lesions were collected from teats of 109 slaughtered cows. BPV was identified in 39 of the examined animals, using PCR amplification and Sanger dideoxy sequencing. In total, 10 BPV types were isolated, among which the most common were infections caused by types 8 and 7. Macroscopically, "rice-grain" type lesions dominated (76%) and were mainly found on one teat (57.4%). The diversity of BPV types causing teat papillomatosis in Polish cows seems to be large, with nine already known types isolated and a new putative type found. The spread of new types among the worldwide cattle population can be seen for the first time, as type 25 and so called isolates BPV42 and BPV43 were found in the European cattle population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pyrek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland;
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences (PRODMED), Norwegian University of Life Science, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Michał Bednarski
- Department of Epizootiology with Exotic Animal and Bird Clinic, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.B.); (M.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Jarosław Popiel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Siedlecka
- Department of Epizootiology with Exotic Animal and Bird Clinic, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.B.); (M.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Karwańska
- Department of Epizootiology with Exotic Animal and Bird Clinic, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.B.); (M.S.); (M.K.)
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Munday JS, Gedye K, Knox MA, Pfeffer H, Lin X. Genetic characterisation of Felis catus papillomavirus type 7, a rare infection of cats that may be associated with skin cancer. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109813. [PMID: 37478511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Six Felis catus papillomavirus (FcaPV) types have been fully sequenceed from domestic cats including some that have been associated with the development of neoplasia. A sequence from a novel FcaPV type was amplified from a basal cell carcinoma that contained unusual histological evidence of PV infection and intense p16CDKN2A protein (p16) immunostaining. The entire 7467 bp genome was amplified using 'outward facing' primers. The PV was designated FcaPV7 and contained putative coding regions that were predicted to produce five early proteins and two late ones. The ORF L1 showed 77% similarity to that of FcaPV6. As the novel PV also showed greater than 60% similarity to three other feline Tau-PV types, FcaPV7 is proposed to be classified within this genus. Specific primers were designed but did not amplify FcaPV7 DNA from any of 60 samples from the mouth and skin of cats. FcaPV7 appears to rarely infect cats. However, FcaPV7 may be associated with skin cancer in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Kristene Gedye
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Matthew A Knox
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Massey Genome Service, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Dunay E, Rukundo J, Atencia R, Cole MF, Cantwell A, Emery Thompson M, Rosati AG, Goldberg TL. Viruses in saliva from sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Republic of Congo and Uganda. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288007. [PMID: 37384730 PMCID: PMC10310015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen surveillance for great ape health monitoring has typically been performed on non-invasive samples, primarily feces, in wild apes and blood in sanctuary-housed apes. However, many important primate pathogens, including known zoonoses, are shed in saliva and transmitted via oral fluids. Using metagenomic methods, we identified viruses in saliva samples from 46 wild-born, sanctuary-housed chimpanzees at two African sanctuaries in Republic of Congo and Uganda. In total, we identified 20 viruses. All but one, an unclassified CRESS DNA virus, are classified in five families: Circoviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Retroviridae. Overall, viral prevalence ranged from 4.2% to 87.5%. Many of these viruses are ubiquitous in primates and known to replicate in the oral cavity (simian foamy viruses, Retroviridae; a cytomegalovirus and lymphocryptovirus; Herpesviridae; and alpha and gamma papillomaviruses, Papillomaviridae). None of the viruses identified have been shown to cause disease in chimpanzees or, to our knowledge, in humans. These data suggest that the risk of zoonotic viral disease from chimpanzee oral fluids in sanctuaries may be lower than commonly assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dunay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joshua Rukundo
- Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary / Chimpanzee Trust, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Rebeca Atencia
- Jane Goodall Institute Congo, Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo
| | - Megan F. Cole
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Averill Cantwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Alexandra G. Rosati
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Munday JS, Gedye K, Knox MA, Robinson L, Lin X. Genomic Characterization of Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 25, a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with a Viral Plaque from the Pinna of a Dog. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1859. [PMID: 37889803 PMCID: PMC10251894 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A 14-year-old West Highland White terrier dog developed multiple raised plaques that were confined to the concave surface of the right pinna. Histology allowed a diagnosis of viral plaque, although the lesions contained some unusual microscopic features. A papillomaviral (PV) DNA sequence was amplified from the plaque using consensus PCR primers. The amplified sequence was used as a template to design 'outward facing' PCR primers, which allowed amplification of the complete PV DNA sequence. The sequence was 7778 bp and was predicted to code for five early genes and two late genes. The ORF L1 showed the highest (83.9%) similarity to CPV15, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the novel PV clustered with the species 3 ChiPVs. The novel PV was designated as canine papillomavirus (CPV) type 25. As CPV25 was not previously detected in a canine viral plaque, this PV type may be a rare cause of skin disease in dogs. However, as plaques that remain confined to the pinna were not previously reported in dogs, it is possible that CPV25 could be more common in plaques from this area of skin. The findings from this case expand the number of PV types that cause disease in dogs. Evidence from this case suggests that, compared to the other canine ChiPV types, infection by CPV25 results in viral plaques in atypical locations with unusual histological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Munday
- Pathobiology School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kristene Gedye
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Matthew A. Knox
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Massey Genome Service, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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Medeiros-Fonseca B, Faustino-Rocha AI, Medeiros R, Oliveira PA, Gil da Costa RM. Canine and feline papillomaviruses: an update. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174673. [PMID: 37261110 PMCID: PMC10229045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are small viruses able to cause disease not only in mammalians, but also in birds and reptiles. In recent years, a rising number of papillomaviruses have been identified in dogs and cats, totaling 24 canine papillomavirus (CPV) and six feline papillomavirus (FcaPV). The canine and feline papillomaviruses (CPVs and FcaPVs, respectively) are responsible for multiple lesions in these domestic species but the potential pathological relevance of some recently identified types remains to be determined. CPVs are associated with oral papillomatosis, cutaneous papillomas and viral pigmented plaques, and have been rarely associated with the development of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in their canine hosts. FcaPVs are associated with oral papillomas, viral plaques, and Bowenoid in situ carcinomas. The present review provides readers with the more recent advances on dog and cat papillomavirus research, bringing an update on this field to both veterinary practitioners and the virology community at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-ENAS, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Health Research Network (RISE)@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
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12
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Bozkurt G, Kaya F, Yildirim Y, Yildiz R, Gungor O, Dogan F, Ayozger LEO. The effect of multiple-dose ivermectin treatment on CD4 +/CD8 + and the oxidative stress index in goats with udder viral papillomatosis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 157:17-25. [PMID: 36848794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the therapeutic effect of ivermectin against Capra hircus papillomavirus (ChPV-1) infection and on the CD4+/CD8+ (cluster of differentiation) and oxidative stress index (OSI). Twenty hair goats naturally infected with ChPV-1 were divided into two groups with equal numbers as the ivermectin group and the control groups. Ivermectin was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg to the goats in the ivermectin group on days 0, 7, and 21. Blood samples were collected from the vena jugularis on days 0, 21, 45, and 90. The cluster of differentiation4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly higher in the ivermectin group than in the control group on the 90th day. Furthermore, the CD8+ concentration was significantly decreased in the ivermectin group on the 90th day compared with the control group. Both total oxidant status (TOS) and OSI were found to be significantly higher in the control group on the 21st and 45th days than in the ivermectin group. On the 90th day, it was determined that the lesions in the ivermectin group improved significantly compared to those in the control group. Additionally, only in the ivermectin group was there a significant difference between the 90th day and the other days in terms of healing. As a result, it can be suggested that ivermectin has positive effects on the immune response and that its oxidative actions are of therapeutic value and do not harm the systemic oxidative status, as in untreated goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bozkurt
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 15100 Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Feyyaz Kaya
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Yakup Yildirim
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, 15100 Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 15100 Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Orsan Gungor
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 15100 Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Firat Dogan
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, 31060, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Leyla Elif Ozgu Ayozger
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, 15100 Burdur, Turkey.
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13
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Ohta E. Pathologic characteristics of infectious diseases in macaque monkeys used in biomedical and toxicologic studies. J Toxicol Pathol 2023; 36:95-122. [PMID: 37101957 PMCID: PMC10123295 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2022-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs), which have many advantages in scientific research and are often the only relevant animals to use in assessing the safety profiles and biological or pharmacological effects of drug candidates, including biologics. In scientific or developmental experiments, the immune systems of animals can be spontaneously compromised possibly due to background infection, experimental procedure-associated stress, poor physical condition, or intended or unintended mechanisms of action of test articles. Under these circumstances, background, incidental, or opportunistic infections can seriously can significantly complicate the interpretation of research results and findings and consequently affect experimental conclusions. Pathologists and toxicologists must understand the clinical manifestations and pathologic features of infectious diseases and the effects of these diseases on animal physiology and experimental results in addition to the spectrum of infectious diseases in healthy NHP colonies. This review provides an overview of the clinical and pathologic characteristics of common viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infectious diseases in NHPs, especially macaque monkeys, as well as methods for definitive diagnosis of these diseases. Opportunistic infections that can occur in the laboratory setting have also been addressed in this review with examples of cases of infection disease manifestation that was observed or influenced during safety assessment studies or under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Ohta
- Global Drug Safety, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai,
Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
- *Corresponding author: E Ohta (e-mail: )
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14
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Munday JS, Grant K, Orbell G, Vaatstra BL. Cutaneous plaques associated with a putative novel papillomavirus type in a horse. N Z Vet J 2023; 71:100-105. [PMID: 36484093 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2022.2157347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS A 6-year-old Thoroughbred mare developed multiple flat plaques, < 1 cm in diameter, on the left front fetlock. These were treated topically using 5-fluorouracil and resolved after 4 weeks. However, additional similar plaques developed on the left front pastern 5 months later. These lesions resolved within 3 months without treatment. PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS One plaque that developed initially and one plaque that developed later were examined histologically. Both consisted of well-demarcated foci of moderate epidermal hyperplasia. Scattered throughout both plaques were cells showing evidence of papillomavirus-induced cell changes and the same papillomaviral DNA sequence was amplified from both lesions using PCR. As the novel sequence had 79.1% similarity to a partial sequence previously amplified from an equine cutaneous wart and 67.9% similarity to Equus caballus papillomavirus type 1, these results indicate detection of a putative novel papillomavirus type. DIAGNOSIS Multiple cutaneous plaques due to infection by a novel papillomavirus type. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Unlike more typical equine cutaneous warts which generally appear as pedunculated and filiform masses, the lesions in this horse appeared as raised plaques. With the exception of aural plaques that are confined to the ears, localised clusters of papillomaviral plaques have not been previously described in horses. The lesions contained subtle histological evidence of papillomavirus infection and careful examination is required to differentiate these plaques from pre-neoplastic lesions. The plaques contained a putative novel papillomavirus type. These results increase the spectrum of papillomavirus-induced skin disease in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Grant
- South Wairarapa Veterinary Services, Carterton, New Zealand
| | - G Orbell
- Gribbles Veterinary Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - B L Vaatstra
- Gribbles Veterinary Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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15
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Özmen G, Kale M. Searching bovine papillomavirus presence in lesions seen on teats of cows. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Kale
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Turkey
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16
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Paietta EN, Kraberger S, Custer JM, Vargas KL, Van Doorslaer K, Yoder AD, Varsani A. Identification of diverse papillomaviruses in captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). Arch Virol 2022; 168:13. [PMID: 36576610 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are host-species-specific and tissue-specific viruses that infect a diverse array of vertebrate hosts, including humans and non-human primates, with varying pathogenic outcomes. Although primate PVs have been studied extensively, no complete genome sequences of PVs from lemurs have been determined to date. Saliva samples from three critically endangered, captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) at the Duke Lemur Center (USA) were analyzed, using high-throughput sequencing, for the presence of oral papillomaviruses. We identified three PVs from two individuals, one of which had a coinfection with two different PVs. Two of the three PVs share 99.6% nucleotide sequence identity, and we have named these isolates "Varecia variegata papillomavirus 1" (VavPV1). The third PV shares ~63% nucleotide sequence identity with VavPV1, and thus, we have named it "Varecia variegata papillomavirus 2" (VavPV2). Based on their E1 + E2 + L1 protein sequence phylogeny, the VavPVs form a distinct clade. This clade likely represents a novel genus, with VavPV1 and VavPV2 belonging to two distinct species. Our findings represent the first complete genome sequences of PVs found in lemuriform primates, with their presence suggesting the potential existence of diverse PVs across the over 100 species of lemurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise N Paietta
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Joy M Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Karla L Vargas
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Department of Immunobiology, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, UA Cancer Center, The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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17
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Genomic Characterisation of Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 24, a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Extensive Pigmented Plaque Formation in a Pug Dog. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112357. [PMID: 36366455 PMCID: PMC9693439 DOI: 10.3390/v14112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous large dark plaques developed over the ventrum, legs and head of a 9-year-old pug dog over a 4-year-period. Histology confirmed a diagnosis of viral pigmented plaque and a short section of a novel papillomavirus (PV) type was amplified using consensus PCR primers. Taking advantage of the circular nature of PV DNA, 'outward facing' PCR primers allowed amplification of the full sequence. As this is the 24th PV known to infect dogs, the novel PV was designated canine papillomavirus (CPV) type 24. The CPV24 genome contained putative coding regions for 5 early proteins and 2 late ones. The CPV24 open reading frame L1 showed the highest (78.2%) similarity to CPV4 and phylogenetic analysis showed that CPV24 clustered with CPV4 and CPV16 suggesting CPV24 is the third species 2 Chipapillomavirus type identified in dogs. This is the third report of extensive pigmented plaques covering a high proportion of the skin. Both previous cases were caused CPV4 and, considering the high genetic similarity between CPV4 and CP24, infection by these CPV types may predispose to more severe clinical disease. In addition, as plaques caused by CPV16 appear more likely to progress to neoplasia, the detection of a species 2 Chipapillomavirus within a pigmented plaque may indicate the potential for more severe disease.
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18
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Lale D, Geyer A, Jindra C, Cavalleri JV, Ramsauer AS. Equine papillomavirus type 2‐associated, carcinomatous lesions of the penis and laryngopharynx of an elderly Icelandic horse gelding. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Lale
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine University Equine Hospital Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Antonia Geyer
- Clinical Unit of Veterinary Pathology Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery University Equine Hospital Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Anna Sophie Ramsauer
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine University Equine Hospital Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
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19
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Munday JS, Knight CG, Luff JA. Papillomaviral skin diseases of humans, dogs, cats and horses: A comparative review. Part 1: Papillomavirus biology and hyperplastic lesions. Vet J 2022; 288:105897. [PMID: 36150643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) cause disease in humans, dogs, cats, and horses. While there are some differences, many aspects of the pathogenesis, presentation, and treatment of these diseases are similar between the four species. In this review, the PV-induced diseases of humans are compared to the similar diseases that develop in the companion animal species. By comparing with the human diseases, it is possible to make assumptions about some of the less common and less well-studied diseases in the veterinary species. In the first part of this review, the PV lifecycle is discussed along with the classification of PVs and the immune response to PV infection. The hyperplastic diseases caused by PVs are then discussed; including PV-induced cutaneous, anogenital, and oral warts within the four species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Cameron G Knight
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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20
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Sanchez-Fernandez C, Bolatti EM, Culasso ACA, Chouhy D, Kowalewski MM, Stella EJ, Schurr TG, Rinas MA, Liotta DJ, Campos RH, Giri AA, Badano I. Identification and evolutionary analysis of papillomavirus sequences in New World monkeys (genera Sapajus and Alouatta) from Argentina. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1257-1268. [PMID: 35353206 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the occurrence of papillomavirus (PV) infection in non-human primates (NHPs) in northeastern Argentina. We also explored their evolutionary history and evaluated the co-speciation hypothesis in the context of primate evolution. METHODS We obtained DNA samples from 57 individuals belonging to wild and captive populations of Alouatta caraya, Sapajus nigritus, and Sapajus cay. We assessed PV infection by PCR amplification with the CUT primer system and sequencing of 337 bp (112 amino acids) of the L1 gene. The viral sequences were analyzed by phylogenetic and Bayesian coalescence methods to estimate the time to the most common recent ancestor (tMRCA) using BEAST, v1.4.8 software. We evaluated viral/host tree congruence with TreeMap v3.0. RESULTS We identified two novel putative PV sequences of the genus Gammapapillomavirus in Sapajus spp. and Alouatta caraya (SPV1 and AcPV1, respectively). The tMRCA of SPV1 was estimated to be 11,941,682 years before present (ybp), and that of AcPV1 was 46,638,071 ybp, both before the coalescence times of their hosts (6.4 million years ago [MYA] and 6.8 MYA, respectively). Based on the comparison of primate and viral phylogenies, we found that the PV tree was no more congruent with the host tree than a random tree would be (P > 0.05), thus allowing us to reject the model of virus-host coevolution. CONCLUSION This study presents the first evidence of PV infection in platyrrhine species from Argentina, expands the range of described hosts for these viruses, and suggests new scenarios for their origin and dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sanchez-Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - E M Bolatti
- Laboratorio de Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET/UNR, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - A C A Culasso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Chouhy
- Laboratorio de Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET/UNR, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M M Kowalewski
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Estación Biológica Corrientes (EBCo-MACN-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - E J Stella
- Laboratorio de Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET/UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - T G Schurr
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - M A Rinas
- Ministerio de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - D J Liotta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, ANLIS, Pto. Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - R H Campos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A A Giri
- Laboratorio de Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET/UNR, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - I Badano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Doorbar J, Zheng K, Aiyenuro A, Yin W, Walker CM, Chen Y, Egawa N, Griffin HM. Principles of epithelial homeostasis control during persistent human papillomavirus infection and its deregulation at the cervical transformation zone. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:96-105. [PMID: 34628359 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses establish a reservoir of infection in the epithelial basal layer. To do this they limit their gene expression to avoid immune detection and modulate epithelial homeostasis pathways to inhibit the timing of basal cell delamination and differentiation to favour persistence. For low-risk Alpha papillomaviruses, which cause benign self-limiting disease in immunocompetent individuals, it appears that cell competition at the lesion edge restricts expansion. These lesions may be considered as self-regulating homeostatic structures, with epithelial cells of the hair follicles and sweat glands, which are proposed targets of the Beta and Mu papillomaviruses, showing similar restrictions to their expansion across the epithelium as a whole. In the absence of immune control, which facilitates deregulated viral gene expression, such lesions can expand, leading to problematic papillomatosis in afflicted individuals. By contrast, he high-risk Alpha HPV types can undergo deregulated viral gene expression in immunocompetent hosts at a number of body sites, including the cervical transformation zone (TZ) where they can drive the formation of neoplasia. Homeostasis at the TZ is poorly understood, but involves two adjacent epithelial cell population, one of which has the potential to stratify and to produce a multilayed squamous epithelium. This process of metaplasia involves a specialised cell type known as the reserve cell, which has for several decades been considered as the cell of origin of cervical cancer. It is becoming clear that during evolution, HPV gene products have acquired functions directly linked to their requirements to modify the normal processes of epithelial homestasis at their various sites of infection. These protein functions are beginning to provide new insight into homeostasis regulation at different body sites, and are likely to be central to our understanding of HPV epithelial tropisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom.
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Ademola Aiyenuro
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline M Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Nagayasu Egawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M Griffin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB8 9UP, United Kingdom
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22
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Medeiros-Fonseca B, Abreu-Silva AL, Medeiros R, Oliveira PA, Gil da Costa RM. Pteridium spp. and Bovine Papillomavirus: Partners in Cancer. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:758720. [PMID: 34796228 PMCID: PMC8593235 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) are a cause for global concern due to their wide distribution and the wide range of benign and malignant diseases they are able to induce. Those lesions include cutaneous and upper digestive papillomas, multiple histological types of urinary bladder cancers—most often associated with BPV1 and BPV2—and squamous cell carcinomas of the upper digestive system, associated with BPV4. Clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence shows that exposure to bracken fern (Pteridium spp.) and other related ferns plays an important role in allowing viral persistence and promoting the malignant transformation of early viral lesions. This carcinogenic potential has been attributed to bracken illudane glycoside compounds with immune suppressive and mutagenic properties, such as ptaquiloside. This review addresses the role of BPV in tumorigenesis and its interactions with bracken illudane glycosides. Current data indicates that inactivation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells by bracken fern illudanes plays a significant role in allowing viral persistence and lesion progression, while BPV drives unchecked cell proliferation and allows the accumulation of genetic damage caused by chemical mutagens. Despite limited progress in controlling bracken infestation in pasturelands, bracken toxins remain a threat to animal health. The number of recognized BPV types has steadily increased over the years and now reaches 24 genotypes with different pathogenic properties. It remains essential to widen the available knowledge concerning BPV and its synergistic interactions with bracken chemical carcinogens, in order to achieve satisfactory control of the livestock losses they induce worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Abreu-Silva
- Veterinary Sciences Department, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE)@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Biomedicine Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE)@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Post-graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
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Saleh M, Sellyei B, Kovács G, Székely C. Viruses Infecting the European Catfish ( Silurus glanis). Viruses 2021; 13:1865. [PMID: 34578446 PMCID: PMC8473376 DOI: 10.3390/v13091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquaculture, disease management and pathogen control are key for a successful fish farming industry. In past years, European catfish farming has been flourishing. However, devastating fish pathogens including limiting fish viruses are considered a big threat to further expanding of the industry. Even though mainly the ranavirus (Iridoviridea) and circovirus (Circoviridea) infections are considered well- described in European catfish, more other agents including herpes-, rhabdo or papillomaviruses are also observed in the tissues of catfish with or without any symptoms. The etiological role of these viruses has been unclear until now. Hence, there is a requisite for more detailed information about the latter and the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches to complete them. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about viruses that affect the European catfish and describe their origin, distribution, molecular characterisation, and phylogenetic classification. We also highlight the knowledge gaps, which need more in-depth investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Boglárka Sellyei
- Fish Pathology and Parasitology Research Team, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21., 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture (HAKI), Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-liget utca 35., 5540 Szarvas, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Székely
- Fish Pathology and Parasitology Research Team, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21., 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (C.S.)
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24
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Orlandi M, Mazzei M, Vascellari M, Melchiotti E, Zanardello C, Verin R, Albanese F, Necci F, Pazzini L, Lazzarini G, Abramo F. Localization and genotyping of canine papillomavirus in canine inverted papillomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:1069-1078. [PMID: 34338089 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211035799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous canine papillomaviruses (CPVs) have been identified (CPV1-23). CPV1, 2, and 6 have been associated with inverted papillomas (IPs). We retrieved 19 IPs from 3 histopathology archives, and evaluated and scored koilocytes, inclusion bodies, giant keratohyalin granules, cytoplasmic pallor, ballooning degeneration, and parakeratosis. IHC targeting major capsid proteins of PV was performed, and CPV genotyping was achieved by PCR testing. Tissue localization of CPV DNA and RNA was studied by chromogenic and RNAscope in situ hybridization (DNA-CISH, RNA-ISH, respectively). IPs were localized to the limbs (50%), trunk (30%), and head (20%), mainly as single nodules (16 of 19). In 15 of 19 cases, immunopositivity was detected within the nuclei in corneal and subcorneal epidermal layers. PCR revealed CPV1 in 11 IPs and CPV2 DNA in 3 IPs. Overall, 14 of 17 cases were positive by both DNA-CISH and RNA-ISH, in accord with PCR results. A histologic score >5 was always obtained in cases in which the viral etiology was demonstrated by IHC, DNA-CISH, and RNA-ISH. IHC and molecular approaches were useful to ascertain the viral etiology of IPs. Although IHC is the first choice for diagnostic purposes, ISH testing allows identification of PV type and the infection phase. RNA-ISH seems a promising tool to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of different PV types in animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Zanardello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Verin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, University of Liverpool, UK.,Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Italy
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Kobayashi M, Yoshida T, Yamashita R, Ichikawa R, Nakahara J, Nakamura K, Okano H, Takahashi Y, Ito N, Shibutani M. Squamous cell carcinoma in a digit of the hind limb with systemic metastasis in a 17-year-old female koala. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:994-996. [PMID: 33896874 PMCID: PMC8267191 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We encountered a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a 17-year-old female
koala at a zoo. A fragile, papillary, elevated mass was found on the third digit of the
right hind limb. SCC was identified histopathologically: squamous cell-like polygonal
tumor cells showed a nest-like growth pattern with epidermal down growth, central
keratinization and necrotic foci, and invaded dermal connective tissues. Metastatic
lesions were observed in various organs, including the lung and axillary lymph node: in
the lung, multiple metastatic foci similar to the primary lesion, and in the axillary
lymph node, individual polygonal tumor cells infiltrated the sinusoids.
Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for proliferating cell
nuclear antigen, which exhibited 32–33% of labeling indices in the tumor cells. To our
knowledge, this is the first report of a case of SCC in a digit of a koala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Risako Yamashita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rho Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Junta Nakahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nanao Ito
- Hirakawa Zoological Park, 5669-1 Hirakawa-cho, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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26
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Willemsen A, van den Boom A, Dietz J, Bilge Dagalp S, Dogan F, Bravo IG, Ehrhardt A, Ehrke-Schulz E. Genomic and phylogenetic characterization of ChPV2, a novel goat PV closely related to the Xi-PV1 species infecting bovines. Virol J 2020; 17:167. [PMID: 33126890 PMCID: PMC7602357 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillomaviruses (PVs) infecting artiodactyls are very diverse, and only second in number to PVs infecting primates. PVs associated to lesions in economically important ruminant species have been isolated from cattle and sheep. METHODS Potential PV DNA from teat lesions of a Damascus goat was isolated, cloned and sequenced. The PV genome was analyzed using bioinformatics approaches to detect open reading frames and to predict potential features of encoded proteins as well as putative regulatory elements. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses using the concatenated E1E2L2L1 nucleotide and amino acid alignments was used to reveal the relationship of the new PV to the known PV diversity and its closest relevants. RESULTS We isolated and characterized the full-genome of novel Capra hircus papillomavirus. We identified the E6, E7, E1, E2, L2, L1 open reading frames with protein coding potential and putative active elements in the ChPV2 proteins and putative regulatory genome elements. Sequence similarities of L1 and phylogenetic analyses using concatenated E1E2L2L1 nucleotide and amino acid alignments suggest the classification as a new PV type designated ChPV2 with a phylogenetic position within the XiPV genus, basal to the XiPV1 species. ChPV2 is not closely related to ChPV1, the other known goat PV isolated from healthy skin, although both of them belong confidently into a clade composed of PVs infecting cervids and bovids. Interestingly, ChPV2 contains an E6 open reading frame whereas all closely related PVs do not CONCLUSION: ChPV2 is a novel goat PV closely related to the Xi-PV1 species infecting bovines. Phylogenetic relationships and genome architecture of ChPV2 and closely related PV types suggest at least two independent E6 losses within the XiPV clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Willemsen
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (CNRS IRD Uni Montpellier), Montpellier, France.,Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander van den Boom
- Chair for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department for Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Strasse 10, 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Julienne Dietz
- Chair for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department for Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Strasse 10, 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Seval Bilge Dagalp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Firat Dogan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (CNRS IRD Uni Montpellier), Montpellier, France.,Center for Research on the Ecology and Evolution of Diseases (CREES), Montpellier, France
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Chair for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department for Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Strasse 10, 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Chair for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department for Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Strasse 10, 58453, Witten, Germany.
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27
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Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100816. [PMID: 33027924 PMCID: PMC7599537 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A 10-year-old horse presented with two 3-cm diameter exophytic masses over the fetlock. Histology was consistent with a hyperplastic squamous papilloma and numerous cell changes consistent with papillomavirus (PV) infection were visible. Partial sequences of PV L1 and E1 ORFs were amplified using consensus PCR primers. The sequences were most similar to Equus caballus type 1 (EcPV1). However, as the sequences were only around 73% similar to EcPV1, they appear to be from a novel PV type that is likely to be within the Zetapapillomavirus genus. The papillomas were treated with topical imiquimod and resolved within 14 weeks. The clinical presentation of the papillomas in the present case had marked differences to the clinical presentation of EcPV-1-induced papillomas, which are typically small, numerous and around the face. Observations from the present case increase the clinical spectrum of PV-induced lesions in this species as well as providing evidence of an additional novel papillomavirus that is able to cause disease in horses.
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28
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D'arc M, Moreira FRR, Dias CA, Souza AR, Seuánez HN, Soares MA, Tavares MCH, Santos AFA. The characterization of two novel neotropical primate papillomaviruses supports the ancient within-species diversity model. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa036. [PMID: 32665860 PMCID: PMC7326299 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are non-enveloped icosahedral viruses with a circular double-stranded DNA genome of ∼8,000 base pairs (bp). More than 200 different PV types have been identified to date in humans, which are distributed in five genera, with several strains associated with cancer development. Although widely distributed in vertebrates, Neotropical Primates (NP) PV infection was described for the first time only in 2016. Currently, four complete genomes of NP PVs have been characterized, three from Saimiri sciureus (SscPV1 to SscPV3) and one from Alouatta guariba (AgPV1). In this work, we describe two novel PV strains infecting Callithrix penicillata (provisionally named CpenPV1 and CpenPV2), using anal swab samples from animals residing at the Brasilia Primatology Center and next generation sequencing. The genomes of CpenPV1 (7,288 bp; 41.5% guanine-cytosine content - GC) and CpenPV2 (7,250 bp; 40.7% GC) contain the characteristic open reading frames (ORFs) for the early (E6, E7, E1, E2, and E4) and late (L2 and L1) PV genes. The L1 ORFs, commonly used for phylogenetic identification, share 76 per cent similarity with each other and differ 32 per cent from any other known PV, indicating that these new strains meet the criteria for defining novel species. PV genes phylogenetic variance was analyzed and different degrees of saturation revealed similar levels of topological heterogeneity, ruling out saturation as primary etiological factor for this phenomenon. Interestingly, the two CpenPV strains form a monophyletic clade within the Gammapapillomavirus genus (provisionally named gammapapillomavirus 32). Unlike for other NP PV strains, which grouped into a new sister genus of Alphapapillomavirus, this is the first report of NP PV strains grouping into a genus previously considered to exclusively comprise Old World Primates (OWP) PVs, including human PVs. These findings confirm the existence of a common ancestor for Gammapapillomavirus already infecting primates before the split of OWP and NP at ∼40 million years ago. Finally, our findings are consistent with an ancient within-species diversity model and emphasize the importance of increasing sampling to help understanding the PV-primate codivergence dynamics and pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela D'arc
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Postal Code 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe R R Moreira
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Postal Code 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia A Dias
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Postal Code 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonizete R Souza
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Postal Code 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Héctor N Seuánez
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, Postal Code 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Soares
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Postal Code 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, Postal Code 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria C H Tavares
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Postal Code 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André F A Santos
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Postal Code 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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29
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Borvető F, Bravo IG, Willemsen A. Papillomaviruses infecting cetaceans exhibit signs of genome adaptation following a recombination event. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa038. [PMID: 32665861 PMCID: PMC7326301 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) have evolved through a complex evolutionary scenario where virus-host co-evolution alone is not enough to explain the phenotypic and genotypic PV diversity observed today. Other evolutionary processes, such as host switch and recombination, also appear to play an important role in PV evolution. In this study, we have examined the genomic impact of a recombination event between distantly related PVs infecting Cetartiodactyla (even-toed ungulates and cetaceans). Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that one single recombination was responsible for the generation of extant 'chimeric' PV genomes infecting cetaceans. By correlating the phylogenetic relationships to the genomic content, we observed important differences between the recombinant and non-recombinant cetartiodactyle PV genomes. Notably, recombinant PVs contain a unique set of conserved motifs in the upstream regulatory region (URR). We interpret these regulatory changes as an adaptive response to drastic changes in the PV genome. In terms of codon usage preferences (CUPrefs), we did not detect any particular differences between orthologous open reading frames in recombinant and non-recombinant PVs. Instead, our results are in line with previous observations suggesting that CUPrefs in PVs are rather linked to gene expression patterns as well as to gene function. We show that the non-coding URR of PVs infecting cetaceans, the central regulatory element in these viruses, exhibits signs of adaptation following a recombination event. Our results suggest that also in PVs, the evolution of gene regulation can play an important role in speciation and adaptation to novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Borvető
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (CNRS IRD Univ, Montpellier), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (CNRS IRD Univ, Montpellier), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Anouk Willemsen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (CNRS IRD Univ, Montpellier), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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30
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Clinico-Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Ruminant's Cutaneous Papillomavirus in Iraq. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:5691974. [PMID: 32148749 PMCID: PMC7054784 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5691974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The papilloma viruses are constituted of double-stranded DNA and are a more common lesion in ruminant's skin in Iraq. The p53 tumor suppressor protein reveals an essential role in cell cycle control. This study intends to investigate the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous papilloma in ruminants in Iraq. Samples had been collected from a total of 10 animals (three cattle, three goats, and four sheep) with multiple papillomatosis lesions. The samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Clinically, the lesions appeared as multiple various sizes (0.5–11 cm), cauliflower exophytic masses on different parts of the animal's body. The histopathological features of the epidermis granular layer revealed perinuclear vacuolation (koilocytosis) accompanied by various degrees of hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, orthokeratosis, and parakeratosis. Strong positive reaction for papillomavirus antigen was seen in both epidermal basal and granular layers in the immunohistochemical investigation (IHC). Moreover, all papilloma lesions revealed an intense positive p53 reaction in cytoplasmic and perinuclear of the basal and parabasal layers. In conclusion, this study described the papillomavirus lesions in bovine, ovine, and caprine animals, which were found in different parts areas of the affected animals. All lesions show similar histopathological features with minor variations. PV antigen and p53 protein expression showed positive results in immunohistochemistry that can be used as diagnostic markers for ruminant's papilloma.
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31
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Jones AL, Suárez-Bonnet A, Mitchell JA, Ramirez GA, Stidworthy MF, Priestnall SL. Avian Papilloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Virological study. J Comp Pathol 2020; 175:13-23. [PMID: 32138838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective study, we describe the histopathological findings in seven papillomas and 45 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from psittacine birds, raptors and domestic fowl. The age of affected birds ranged from 3 to 40 years, with median age significantly higher in psittacines (P = 0.014). The majority of tumours were located in the skin (24/52, 46.2%) or uropygial gland (10/52, 19.2%). Thirty of the SCCs (66.7%) were well differentiated and 15 (33.3%) were poorly-differentiated. SCCs exhibited a significantly higher degree of nuclear pleomorphism (P = 0.005) and a greater proportion were ulcerated (P = 0.001) compared with papillomas; however, there was no significant difference in mitotic count (MC) or inflammation score. The expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and E-cadherin was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The COX-2 total score (TS) was significantly higher in SCCs compared with papillomas (P = 0.002), but the difference between COX-2 TS of well- and poorly-differentiated SCCs was not significant. COX-2 labelling was predominantly cytoplasmic, but some tumours had concurrent membranous and/or perinuclear labelling. SCCs with membranous labelling had a significantly higher MC (P = 0.028). A significantly higher proportion of SCCs were negative for E-cadherin compared with papillomas (P = 0.042), but there was no significant difference between well- and poorly-differentiated SCCs. Fourteen papillomas and SCCs from psittacines were also tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Psittacus erithacus papillomavirus 1 and Psittacid herpesvirus 1, but all samples tested negative. We demonstrate for the first time the expression of COX-2 and E-cadherin in avian tissues, and suggest that these markers may be useful in differentiating papillomas from SCCs, particularly when sample size is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Jones
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - A Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J A Mitchell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - G A Ramirez
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Campus of the Agrifood, Forestry and Veterinary Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, Av. de l'Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Spain
| | - M F Stidworthy
- IZVG Pathology, Station House, Parkwood Street, Keighley, UK
| | - S L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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32
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Molecular and pathological characterization of teat papillomatosis in dairy cows in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:369-375. [PMID: 31642003 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Teat papillomatosis is caused by different bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types and is especially important for dairy cows, because it results in severe damage to the health and structure of the mammary gland. This work describes the molecular and pathological aspects of teat papillomatosis in dairy cows in southern Brazil. Samples of teat papillomas were collect from 73 slaughtered dairy cows. Fragments of the lesions were collected in individual pools per animal and subjected to PCR using the FAP primer pair and sequencing of the amplification products. Teats with the remaining lesions were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, routinely processed for histopathology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Papillomatous lesions were characterized by three macroscopic patterns, namely exophytic (5 [6.9%]), flat (29 [39.7%]), and mixed (39 [53.4%]). Histologically, all samples were identified as squamous papillomas. Partial sequencing of the L1 gene resulted in the detection of 8 classical BPV types (BPVs 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12) in 27 samples, 6 previously reported putative BPV types in 17 samples, and 10 putative new BPV types in 15 samples. Four sequences could not be classified, and 10 were negative in the PCR. There was no correlation between the gross pattern and the BPV type identified, and all the samples were characterized by squamous papillomas under histological examination. However, 24 different BPV types were identified, demonstrating high genetic diversity among BPVs associated with teat papillomatosis in dairy cows in southern Brazil.
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33
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Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Koç BT, Akkutay-Yoldar Z, Salar S, Baştan A. Detection and whole genomic characterization of Bovine Papillomavirus type 1 associated with severe mammary cutaneous warts in Turkey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2019.3.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Papilloma viruses (PVs) induce epithelial tumors in their natural hosts. These tumors are located on the mammary gland of cattle; therefore, PVs are considered viral agents with significant effects, both economical and on the animals’ health. Also, knowing the diversity of bovine PV (BPV) and its prevalence in countries worldwide is important to develop optimal diagnostic methods, as well as methods to fight this infection.The aim of the present study was to characterize the full-length genome of BPV 1 as the dominant type circulating among cattle in Turkey. It is the authors’ opinion that the results of this work provide useful information for further studies on the preventative steps that can be taken against BPV infection.
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34
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Chen Z, Long T, Wong PY, Ho WCS, Burk RD, Chan PKS. Non-human Primate Papillomaviruses Share Similar Evolutionary Histories and Niche Adaptation as the Human Counterparts. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2093. [PMID: 31552003 PMCID: PMC6747053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given high genetic diversity of papillomaviruses (PV) and complex scenario of virus-host interaction, the genetic basis underlying the mechanisms of HPV carcinogenicity is not well understood. In an effort to evaluate the origin and evolution of PV pathogenicity, we collected paired oral, perianal, and genital swabs from a wild macaque population. Of the 117 surveyed macaques, 88 (75.2%) were positive for PV DNA in one or more sites, mostly common from genital swabs, followed by oral and perianal sites. All putative macaque PV types phylogenetically clustered into the genera Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammapapillomavirus, with a strong phylogeny-tropism association as observed in HPVs. Using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework, we demonstrated ancient intra-host divergence of primate PVs in which multiple ancestors had split and adapted to specific host ecosystems at least 41 million years ago, prior to the speciation events of primate host species. Following subsequent divergence and niche adaptation, distinct but phylogenetically related PV types were transmitted to similar host ecosystems by closely related host animals when host speciation occurred, which may explain in part the origin of carcinogenicity of HPV type 16 (HPV16) and Macaca fascicularis PV type 3 (MfPV3) that evolved from a most recent common ancestor containing the determinants for cervicovaginal colonization and cervical cancer. The findings identifying evolutionary and biological relatedness between human and non-human primate PVs lay a genetic foundation for research on parasite-host interactions and carcinogenic outcomes, which will prove useful in further study of viral pathogenesis and host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Teng Long
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Yee Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendy C S Ho
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Population Health, and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Genetic characterization of a putative new type of bovine papillomavirus in the Xipapillomavirus 1 species in a Brazilian dairy herd. Virus Genes 2019; 55:682-687. [PMID: 31377921 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bovine papillomavirus types are divided into five genera, namely, Deltapapillomavirus, Epsilonpapillomavirus, Xipapillomavirus, Dyoxipapillomavirus, and Dyokappapapillomavirus. In the recent decades, the characterization of numerous putative and novel bovine papillomavirus types from cattle in several geographic regions, has revealed the occurrence of a high viral diversity. In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a putative new bovine papillomavirus type within species Xipapillomavirus 1 of Xipapillomavirus genus. The detection of the viral types identified in the skin warts was obtained by polymerase chain reaction assays targeting the L1 gene, followed by direct sequencing of the generated amplicons. The partial L1 sequences revealed that bovine papillomavirus types 6, 10, and 11, the putative new bovine papillomavirus type designated BPV/CHI-SW2, and an unreported putative new bovine papillomavirus type (named BPV/BR-UEL08) were associated with cutaneous papillomatosis in the cows from the dairy herd investigated. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the L1 gene revealed that the BPV/BR-UEL08 isolate clustered with other bovine papillomaviruses classified in the Xipapillomavirus genus, being closely related to representatives of the species Xipapillomavirus 1. Investigations focusing on the molecular epidemiology of bovine papillomaviruses related to clinical outcomes in cattle are of fundamental importance to determine the actual genetic diversity and prevalent viral types to be included in vaccines for cattle.
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36
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Di Bonito P, Galati L, Focà A, Brambilla M, Bisaglia C, Bonanno Ferraro G, Mancini P, Iaconelli M, Veneri C, La Rosa G. Evidence for swine and human papillomavirus in pig slurry in Italy. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1246-1254. [PMID: 31251456 PMCID: PMC7166630 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The diversity and the geographical distribution of swine papillomaviruses (PVs) are virtually unknown. The occurrence and the diversity of swine PV were therefore investigated in pig slurry collected in Italy, to contribute towards filling this gap in knowledge. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two slurry samples underwent analysis by nested PCR and DNA sequencing using published and newly designed specific primer pairs for Sus scrofa papillomavirus (SsPV) type 1 and 2 (SsPV1 and 2), along with degenerate PV-specific primers targeting the major coat protein L1 and the helicase protein E1. Overall, three samples (13·6%) were positive for SsPV1 by specific primers, and nucleotide (nt) sequences showed 99-100% nt identity with SsPV1 variant a (EF395818), while SsPV2 was not found in any sample. Using generic primers, eight samples (36·4%) were tested positive for human papillomavirus (HPV), and were characterized as follows: β1-HPV8, β1-HPV14, β1-HPV206, β2-HPV113, β2-HPV120 and γ1-HPV173. Moreover, one unclassified γ-type was detected. CONCLUSIONS Both swine and human PVs were detected in pig slurry in this study. The unexpected presence of HPV in pig waste could be explained as the result of an improper use of the sewage collection pits and/or with improper procedures of the operators. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports the first detection of SsPV1 in Italy, along with the first detection of HPVs in pig slurry samples in Italy, and expands our knowledge about PV diversity and geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Bonito
- Viral Hepatitis, Oncoviruses and Retroviruses (EVOR) Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - L Galati
- Viral Hepatitis, Oncoviruses and Retroviruses (EVOR) Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Focà
- School of medicine, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M Brambilla
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agri Food Processing, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - C Bisaglia
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agri Food Processing, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - G Bonanno Ferraro
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Mancini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C Veneri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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37
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de Oliveira CM. Adaptation of Alpha-Papillomavirus over Millennia. Acta Cytol 2018; 63:97-99. [PMID: 30544125 DOI: 10.1159/000492658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a group of small DNA viruses that, with around 350 million years of evolution, acquired the capacity of infecting a broad range of vertebrates, including humans. To date, more than 300 PV types have been isolated. Viruses that have a long common evolutionary history with their host typically cause unapparent infections. However, in some Alpha-PV infections, lesions become apparent and may cause benign proliferative disorders or even malignant proliferative lesions of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis, and oropharynx. The incongruence observed between the topology of the phylogenetic tree of Alpha-PVs and that of their hosts suggests that virus-host codivergence is not the only evolutionary force that has driven the progression of PVs. The integration of the precursors of E5, E6, and E7 on the genome of the ancestral Alpha-PV was important and made the colonization of new niches and the emergence of carcinogenic types possible.
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38
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Chen Z, DeSalle R, Schiffman M, Herrero R, Wood CE, Ruiz JC, Clifford GM, Chan PKS, Burk RD. Niche adaptation and viral transmission of human papillomaviruses from archaic hominins to modern humans. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007352. [PMID: 30383862 PMCID: PMC6211759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries on the origins of modern humans from multiple archaic hominin populations and the diversity of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) suggest a complex scenario of virus-host evolution. To evaluate the origin of HPV pathogenesis, we estimated the phylogeny, timing, and dispersal of HPV16 variants using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework. To increase precision, we identified and characterized non-human primate papillomaviruses from New and Old World monkeys to set molecular clock models. We demonstrate specific host niche adaptation of primate papillomaviruses with subsequent coevolution with their primate hosts for at least 40 million years. Analyses of 212 HPV16 complete genomes and 3582 partial sequences estimated ancient divergence of HPV16 variants (between A and BCD lineages) from their most recent common ancestors around half a million years ago, roughly coinciding with the timing of the split between archaic Neanderthals and modern Homo sapiens, and nearly three times longer than divergence times of modern Homo sapiens. HPV16 A lineage variants were significantly underrepresented in present African populations, whereas the A sublineages were highly prevalent in European (A1-3) and Asian (A4) populations, indicative of viral sexual transmission from Neanderthals to modern non-African humans through multiple interbreeding events in the past 80 thousand years. Remarkably, the human leukocyte antigen B*07:02 and C*07:02 alleles associated with increased risk in cervix cancer represent introgressed regions from Neanderthals in present-day Eurasians. The archaic hominin-host-switch model was also supported by other HPV variants. Niche adaptation and virus-host codivergence appear to influence the pathogenesis of papillomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Chen
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Rolando Herrero
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Charles E. Wood
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Ruiz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gary M. Clifford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Paul K. S. Chan
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology; Epidemiology and Population Health; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Woman’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
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39
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Truchado DA, Williams RA, Benítez L. Natural history of avian papillomaviruses. Virus Res 2018; 252:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Daudt C, Da Silva FRC, Lunardi M, Alves CBDT, Weber MN, Cibulski SP, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA, Canal CW. Papillomaviruses in ruminants: An update. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1381-1395. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Daudt
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal do Acre; Rio Branco AC Brazil
| | - F. R. C. Da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal do Acre; Rio Branco AC Brazil
| | - M. Lunardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária; Hospital Escola Veterinário; Universidade de Cuiabá; Várzea Grande MT Brazil
| | - C. B. D. T. Alves
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - M. N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - S. P. Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - A. F. Alfieri
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - A. A. Alfieri
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
- Laboratório Multiusuário em Saúde Animal; Unidade de Biologia Molecular; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - C. W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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41
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Dogan F, Dorttas SD, Bilge Dagalp S, Ataseven VS, Alkan F. A teat papillomatosis case in a Damascus goat (Shami goat) in Hatay province, Turkey: a new putative papillomavirus? Arch Virol 2018; 163:1635-1642. [PMID: 29502149 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are epitheliotropic viruses that cause benign proliferative lesions in the skin (warts or papillomas) and mucous membranes of their natural hosts. Recently, new PVs have been found in many animal species. The most common current approach for identifying novel PV types is based on PCR, using various consensus or degenerated primer (broad-range primers), designed on the basis of the multiple alignment of nucleotide or amino acid sequences of a large number of different human papillomaviruses (HPV). PVs have been classified according to the sequence similarity of one of their capsid proteins, L1, without taking into account other regions of the genome and without considering the phenotypic characteristics of the viral infection. In this study, we performed molecular detection and typing of a PV in a goat with teat papillomatosis. Firstly, PCR was performed using the FAP59/FAP64 and MY09/MY11 primer pairs for the L1 gene region. The PV DNA was found to be positive only with the FAP59/FAP64 primer pair. PV DNA was then tested with three primer sets in four different combinations (L2Bf/FAP64, L2Bf/L1Br, FAP59/FAP64, L1Bf/LCRBr) for the gene region encoding the L1, L2 and LCR proteins. The goat teat papilloma sample was amplified using FAP59/FAP64 primers and two primer pairs (L2Bf/FAP64 and L2Bf/L1Br). We obtained products matching approximately 604 bp of the L1 region of the virus. PV DNA was used for typing using sequence analysis/PCR with some type-specific primers for bovids, caprids and cervids. The results of the sequence analysis suggested one new putative PV type with sequence identity ranging from 46.45 to 80.09% to other known papillomaviruses, including Capra hircus papillomavirus (ChPV-2), bovine papillomavirus (BPV) 6, 7, 10, 11 and 12, Rangifer tarandus papillomavirus 3 (RtPV-3) and BPV-7Z (Alpine wild ruminant papillomavirus; Cervus elaphus papillomavirus). We therefore propose that this is the first identification of a new putative type, MG523274 (HTY-goat-TR2016), in a goat with teat papillomatosis. It is essential to identify PV types in different animal species and investigate their prevalence/distribution and clinical consequences in order to develop appropriate prophylactic and/or therapeutic procedures and to determine the interspecies transmission potential and evolution of PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fırat Dogan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Selvi Deniz Dorttas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seval Bilge Dagalp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Veysel Soydal Ataseven
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Feray Alkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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42
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Truchado DA, Moens MAJ, Callejas S, Pérez-Tris J, Benítez L. Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (Serinus canaria). Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:111-120. [PMID: 29446002 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Truchado
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Calle José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Michaël A J Moens
- Fundación de Conservación Jocotoco, Lizardo García E9-104 y Andrés Xaura, 170143, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sergio Callejas
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Tris
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Calle José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Carr M, Gonzalez G, Sasaki M, Dool SE, Ito K, Ishii A, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Teeling EC, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H. Identification of the same polyomavirus species in different African horseshoe bat species is indicative of short-range host-switching events. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2771-2785. [PMID: 28984241 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are considered to be highly host-specific in different mammalian species, with no well-supported evidence for host-switching events. We examined the species diversity and host specificity of PyVs in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.), a broadly distributed and highly speciose mammalian genus. We annotated six PyV genomes, comprising four new PyV species, based on pairwise identity within the large T antigen (LTAg) coding region. Phylogenetic comparisons revealed two instances of highly related PyV species, one in each of the Alphapolyomavirus and Betapolyomavirus genera, present in different horseshoe bat host species (Rhinolophus blasii and R. simulator), suggestive of short-range host-switching events. The two pairs of Rhinolophus PyVs in different horseshoe bat host species were 99.9 and 88.8 % identical with each other over their respective LTAg coding sequences and thus constitute the same virus species. To corroborate the species identification of the bat hosts, we analysed mitochondrial cytb and a large nuclear intron dataset derived from six independent and neutrally evolving loci for bat taxa of interest. Bayesian estimates of the ages of the most recent common ancestors suggested that the near-identical and more distantly related PyV species diverged approximately 9.1E4 (5E3-2.8E5) and 9.9E6 (4E6-18E6) years before the present, respectively, in contrast to the divergence times of the bat host species: 12.4E6 (10.4E6-15.4E6). Our findings provide evidence that short-range host-switching of PyVs is possible in horseshoe bats, suggesting that PyV transmission between closely related mammalian species can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Carr
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Serena E Dool
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Anklamer Street 20, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - William W Hall
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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44
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Dagalp SB, Dogan F, Farzanı TA, Salar S, Bastan A. The genetic diversity of bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) from different papillomatosis cases in dairy cows in Turkey. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1507-1518. [PMID: 28190198 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are epitheliotropic viruses that cause benign proliferative lesions in the skin (warts or papillomas) and mucous membranes of their natural hosts. In bovines specifically, 13 types of Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are currently described in the literature, although the actual number may be greater than 20. BPV types are classified into four genera based on homology within the genomic regions of the L1 ORF, the most conserved sequence. This study conducted molecular typing of BPV in dairy cows with different papillomatosis cases and investigated the presence of co-infections across distinct BPV types in the same sample. After carrying out PCR using degenerate primers and type specific primers, 35 BPV suspected samples were detected as positive for BPV and these samples were used for typing using sequence analysis/PCR with type-specific primers. This analysis identified BPV-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -9 and -10, new putative types (BPV/BR/UEL6-like viruses) and the previously described putative type viruses (BAPV-6) in the 35 BPV-positive samples. In addition, co-infections across different BPV types were widely detected in the BPV-positive samples. This study shows that PCR assays using degenerate primers to amplify partial fragments of the L1 gene followed by sequencing is useful for genotyping BPV. However, results need confirmation using type-specific primers in order to consider co-infections. In addition, this study identified a new putative type (in the same cluster as BPV/BR/UEL6-like viruses) and the previously described putative type viruses (BAPV-6) in teat papillomatosis of Turkish dairy cows. The study shows that it is essential to identify BPV types and their prevalence/distribution, and also to determine the clinical consequences of infection for the development of prophylactic and/or therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seval Bilge Dagalp
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fırat Dogan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | | | - Seckin Salar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bastan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Daudt C, da Silva FRC, Streck AF, Weber MN, Mayer FQ, Cibulski SP, Canal CW. How many papillomavirus species can go undetected in papilloma lesions? Sci Rep 2016; 6:36480. [PMID: 27808255 PMCID: PMC5093584 DOI: 10.1038/srep36480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A co-infection comprising to at least seven papillomavirus (PV) types was detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) of randomly primed rolling circle amplification (RCA) products of a bovine (Bos taurus) papilloma lesion from the Brazilian Amazon region. Six putative new PV types that could not be detected by commonly used PCR protocols were identified. Their overall L1 nucleotide identities were less than 90% compared to described PV species and types. L1 nucleotide BLAST sequence hits showed that each new type was related to Beta, Gamma, Dyokappa, Dyoeta, and Xipapillomavirus, as well as two likely new unclassified genera. Our results show that the employment of NGS is relevant to the detection and characterization of distantly related PV and is of major importance in co-infection studies. This knowledge will help us understand the biology and pathogenesis of PV, as well as contribute to disease control. Moreover, we can also conclude that there are many unknown circulating PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Daudt
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil)
| | - Flavio R. C. da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil)
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre (Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial- CEP: 69920-900, Rio Branco, Brazil)
| | - André F. Streck
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil)
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul (Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, 95070-560, Caxias do Sul, Brazil)
| | - Matheus N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil)
| | - Fabiana Q. Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Estrada do Conde, 6000, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)
| | - Samuel P. Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil)
| | - Cláudio W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil)
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Félez-Sánchez M, Vergara M, de Sanjosé S, Castellsagué X, Alemany L, Bravo IG. Searching beyond the usual papillomavirus suspects in squamous carcinomas of the vulva, penis and head and neck. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 45:198-204. [PMID: 27600594 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are involved in the etiology of anogenital and head and neck cancers. The HPV DNA prevalence greatly differs by anatomical site. Indeed, the high rates of viral DNA prevalence in anal and cervical carcinomas contrast with the lower fraction of cancer cases attributable to HPVs in other anatomical sites, chiefly the vulva, the penis and head and neck. Here we analyzed 2635 Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded surgical samples that had previously tested negative for the presence of HPVs DNA using the SPF10/DEIA procedure, in order to identify the presence of other PVs not explicitly targeted by standard molecular epidemiologic approaches. All samples were reanalyzed using five broad-PV PCR primer sets (CP1/2, FAP6064/FAP64, SKF/SKR, MY9/MY11, MFI/MFII) targeting the main PV main clades. In head and neck carcinoma samples (n=1141), we recovered DNA from two BetaHPVs, namely HPV20 and HPV21, and from three cutaneous AlphaPVs, namely HPV2, HPV57 and HPV61. In vulvar squamous cell carcinoma samples (n=902), we found one of the samples containing DNA of one cutaneous HPV, namely HPV2, and 29 samples contained DNA from essentially mucosal HPVs. In penile squamous cell carcinoma samples (n=592), we retrieved the DNA of HPV16 in 16 samples. Our results show first that the SPF10/DEIA is very sensitive, as we recovered only 2.1% (55/2635) false negative results; second, that although the DNA of cutaneous HPVs can be detected in cancer samples, their relative contribution remains anyway minor (0.23%; 6/2635) and may be neglected for screening and vaccination purposes; and third, their contribution to malignancy is not necessarily warranted and needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Félez-Sánchez
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marleny Vergara
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Castellsagué
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; MIVEGEC, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Montpellier, France.
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Geno- and seroprevalence of Felis domesticus Papillomavirus type 2 (FdPV2) in dermatologically healthy cats. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:147. [PMID: 27449225 PMCID: PMC4957317 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillomaviruses can cause proliferative skin lesions ranging from benign hyperplasia to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, asymptomatic infection is also possible. Several groups have detected Felis domesticus Papillomavirus type 2 (FdPV2) DNA in association with feline Bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC). Therefore, a causative connection has been suggested. However, the knowledge about FdPV2 epidemiology is limited. The aim of this study was to describe the genoprevalence and seroprevalence of FdPV2 in healthy cats. For this purpose an FdPV2-specific quantitative (q)PCR assay was developed and used to analyse Cytobrush samples collected from 100 dermatologically healthy cats. Moreover, an ELISA was established to test the sera obtained from the same cats for antibodies against the major capsid protein (L1) of FdPV2. Results The genoprevalence of FdPV2 was to 98 %. Surprisingly, the quantities of viral DNA detected in some samples from the healthy cats exceeded the amounts detected in control samples from feline BISC lesions. The seroprevalence was much lower, amounting to 22 %. The concentrations of antibodies against FdPV2 were relatively low in healthy cats, whereas they were very high in control cats with BISC. Conclusion These observations suggest that FdPV2 is highly prevalent, even among healthy cats. However, cats that carry it on their skin mount in most instances no antibody response. It might be hypothesized that FdPV2 is only rarely productively replicating or its replication is only rarely exposed to the immune system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0776-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sabattini S, Savini F, Gallina L, Scagliarini A, Bassi P, Bettini G. p16 Immunostaining of Canine Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Not Associated with Papillomaviral DNA. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159687. [PMID: 27441555 PMCID: PMC4956233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While papillomavirus (PVs) are an established cause of human cancer, few reports have supported a relationship between PV and canine squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Human oncogenic PVs lead to an increased expression of the p16 tumor suppressor protein, and the latter can be demonstrated immunohistochemically to support a likely causal relationship between tumor and PV infection. In the present study, archive samples of canine SCC from different anatomical locations were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of PV DNA and by p16 immunohistochemistry. The aims were to investigate the relationship between p16 expression and presence of PV DNA, in order to assess the utility of p16 overexpression as a biomarker of PV infection in canine SCC. A total of 52 SCCs were included. Nine cases (17.3%) showed moderate p16 immunoreactivity, with no association with tumor degree of differentiation, histotype or mitotic activity. The canPVf/FAP64 primers amplified Canis familiaris PV-1 DNA from 3 out of 52 tumors (5.8%), one cutaneous, one oral and one tonsillar SCC. There was no association between PV presence and p16 immunostaining. These results do not support a significant role of PVs in the development of canine SCCs. Additionally, PV infection was apparently not the cause of the p16 immunostaining observed in a subset of canine SCCs. A better awareness of p16 level of expression and cellular function in canine cancer may help to define its diagnostic and prognostic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sabattini
- Pathology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Virology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Laura Gallina
- Virology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Virology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Patrizia Bassi
- Pathology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Pathology Division, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
- * E-mail:
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Affolter VK. Dermatopathology - the link between ancillary techniques and clinical lesions. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:134-e28. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University California Davis; One Shields Avenue, VM3A, Room 4206 Davis CA 95616 USA
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Genetic diversity of bovine papillomavirus types, including two putative new types, in teat warts from dairy cattle herds. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1569-77. [PMID: 26997614 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Teat papillomatosis affects dairy cows worldwide. Milking can become difficult due to teat warts, and maintaining affected cows in the herds may diminish economic profit in the dairy industry. Currently, 13 bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types have been fully characterized, and numerous putative BPV types have been identified through partial L1 gene PCR. In order to identify the viral types present in warts on the udders of dairy cows, 40 teat lesions from 24 cows from 13 cattle farms in three States of Brazil were evaluated by PV L1 gene PCR. The warts that were evaluated contained sequences from BPVs 6-10, the putative BPV types BAPV9 and BAPV4, and two unreported putative papillomavirus (PV) types, named BPV/BR-UEL6 and BPV/BR-UEL7. In addition, mixed infections and coinfections were identified, since more than one lesion was observed on the udders of 13 cows. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BPV/BR-UEL6 is closely related to BPVs belonging to the genus Xipapillomavirus, while BPV/BR-UEL7 clustered with the previously reported strains Cervus timorensis and Pudu puda PVs, which represent a putative new PV type, and it was only distantly related to xi-, epsilon-, delta- and dyoxi-PVs. These results provide information that will assist in the understanding of the association of BPVs 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, as well as putative BPV types BAPV4 and BAPV9, with mammary papillomatosis. This is the first characterization of putative novel PV types BPV/BR-UEL6 and BPV/BR-UEL7 in teat warts of dairy cows, highlighting the high genetic diversity of BPVs associated with teat papillomatosis.
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