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Voronina DV, Shcheblyakov DV, Favorskaya IA, Esmagambetov IB, Dzharullaeva AS, Tukhvatulin AI, Zubkova OV, Popova O, Kan VY, Bandelyuk AS, Shmarov MM, Logunov DY, Naroditskiy BS, Gintsburg AL. Cross-Reactive Fc-Fused Single-Domain Antibodies to Hemagglutinin Stem Region Protect Mice from Group 1 Influenza a Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112485. [PMID: 36366583 PMCID: PMC9698552 DOI: 10.3390/v14112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The continued evolution of influenza viruses reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and antiviral drugs. The identification of novel and universal agents for influenza prophylaxis and treatment is an urgent need. We have previously described two potent single-domain antibodies (VHH), G2.3 and H1.2, which bind to the stem domain of hemagglutinin and efficiently neutralize H1N1 and H5N2 influenza viruses in vivo. In this study, we modified these VHHs with Fc-fragment to enhance their antiviral activity. Reformatting of G2.3 into bivalent Fc-fusion molecule increased its in vitro neutralizing activity against H1N1 and H2N3 viruses up to 80-fold and, moreover, resulted in obtaining the ability to neutralize H5N2 and H9N2 subtypes. We demonstrated that a dose as low as 0.6 mg/kg of G2.3-Fc or H1.2-Fc administered systemically or locally before infection could protect mice from lethal challenges with both H1N1 and H5N2 viruses. Furthermore, G2.3-Fc reduced the lung viral load to an undetectable level. Both VHH-Fc antibodies showed in vivo therapeutic efficacy when delivered via systemic or local route. The findings support G2.3-Fc as a potential therapeutic agent for both prophylaxis and therapy of Group 1 influenza A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Voronina
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Favorskaya
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilias B. Esmagambetov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Dzharullaeva
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir I. Tukhvatulin
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Zubkova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Popova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav Y. Kan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Bandelyuk
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim M. Shmarov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S. Naroditskiy
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr L. Gintsburg
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
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Cai X, Chen M, Prominski A, Lin Y, Ankenbruck N, Rosenberg J, Nguyen M, Shi J, Tomatsidou A, Randall G, Missiakas D, Fung J, Chang EB, Penaloza‐MacMaster P, Tian B, Huang J. A Multifunctional Neutralizing Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticle Inhibits and Inactivates SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103240. [PMID: 34761549 PMCID: PMC8646742 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global pandemic. Despite intensive research, the current treatment options show limited curative efficacies. Here the authors report a strategy incorporating neutralizing antibodies conjugated to the surface of a photothermal nanoparticle (NP) to capture and inactivate SARS-CoV-2. The NP is comprised of a semiconducting polymer core and a biocompatible polyethylene glycol surface decorated with high-affinity neutralizing antibodies. The multifunctional NP efficiently captures SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirions and completely blocks viral infection to host cells in vitro through the surface neutralizing antibodies. In addition to virus capture and blocking function, the NP also possesses photothermal function to generate heat following irradiation for inactivation of virus. Importantly, the NPs described herein significantly outperform neutralizing antibodies at treating authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. This multifunctional NP provides a flexible platform that can be readily adapted to other SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and extended to novel therapeutic proteins, thus it is expected to provide a broad range of protection against original SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Cai
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Min Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | | | - Yiliang Lin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Nicholas Ankenbruck
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | | | - Mindy Nguyen
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Jiuyun Shi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Anastasia Tomatsidou
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward Taylor Ricketts LaboratoryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward Taylor Ricketts LaboratoryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward Taylor Ricketts LaboratoryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - John Fung
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | | | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
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3
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Haneef K, Saleem R, Iqbal Khan MS, Adeyinka OS, Banday S, Asghar MU, Rahman ZU, Fatima Z. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 targeted antibodies cocktail and B cell receptor interplay: interventions to trigger vaccine development. EXPLORATION OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/ei.2021.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 spread globally and creates an alarming situation. Following the SARS-CoV-2 paradigm, therapeutic efficacy is achieved via repurposing several antiviral, antibacterial, and antimalarial drugs. Innate and adaptive immune cells work close to combat infection through the intricate production of antibodies (Abs) and inflammatory cytokines. As an essential component of the immune system, Abs play an important role in eliminating viruses and maintaining homeostasis. B lymphocytes (B cells) are effector cells, stringent to produce neutralizing Abs to combat infection. After recognizing SARS-CoV-2 antigens by a surface receptor called B cell receptors (BCRs) on the plasma membrane, the BCRs transmembrane signal transduction and immune activation results in Ab production and development of immune memory. Thus, it ensures that plasma B cells can quickly start an intricate immune response to generate efficient protective Abs to clear the pathogen. Nevertheless, considering therapeutic challenges in the context of the new coronavirus pandemic, this review addresses the molecular mechanism of the immune activation and function of novel SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells in the production of SARS-CoV-2 specific Abs. Additionally, these studies highlighted the Ab-mediated pathogenesis, the intriguing role of nano-scale signaling subunits, non-structural proteins during COVID-19 infection, and structural insights of SARS-CoV-2 specific Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabeer Haneef
- School of Life Science, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rabia Saleem
- Department of Pediatric Haematology, Oncology and BMT, The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the second affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Sadeeq Banday
- School of Agriculture Sciences and Food Technology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Muhammad Umer Asghar
- 6National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab Pakistan 7Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rahman
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Fatima
- Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Punjab 50991, Pakistan
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4
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Recent advances in "universal" influenza virus antibodies: the rise of a hidden trimeric interface in hemagglutinin globular head. Front Med 2020; 14:149-159. [PMID: 32239416 PMCID: PMC7110985 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Influenza causes seasonal outbreaks yearly and unpredictable pandemics with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite significant efforts to address influenza, it remains a major threat to human public health. This issue is partially due to the lack of antiviral drugs with potent antiviral activity and broad reactivity against all influenza virus strains and the rapid emergence of drug-resistant variants. Moreover, designing a universal influenza vaccine that is sufficiently immunogenic to induce universal antibodies is difficult. Some novel epitopes hidden in the hemagglutinin (HA) trimeric interface have been discovered recently, and a number of antibodies targeting these epitopes have been found to be capable of neutralizing a broad range of influenza isolates. These findings may have important implications for the development of universal influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs. In this review, we focused on the antibodies targeting these newly discovered epitopes in the HA domain of the influenza virus to promote the development of universal anti-influenza antibodies or vaccines and extend the discovery to other viruses with similar conformational changes in envelope proteins.
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5
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Angeletti D, Yewdell JW. Is It Possible to Develop a "Universal" Influenza Virus Vaccine? Outflanking Antibody Immunodominance on the Road to Universal Influenza Vaccination. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028852. [PMID: 28663210 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Influenza remains a major human pathogen despite seasonal vaccination. At long last, there is energy and resources to develop influenza vaccines that provide more predictable and durable protection. Vaccines based on inducing antibodies to the conserved stem of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) have emerged as leading candidates for broadening population immunity and ultimately limiting antigenic drift. Here, we discuss the knowns and unknowns of HA-specific B-cell and antibody responses. In particular, we focus on how immunodominance sculpts antibody responses and drives antigenic drift. We propose a number of strategies to overcome immunodominance and improve the breadth and efficacy of antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Angeletti
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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6
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Smith AM, Huber VC. The Unexpected Impact of Vaccines on Secondary Bacterial Infections Following Influenza. Viral Immunol 2017; 31:159-173. [PMID: 29148920 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections remain a significant health burden worldwide, despite available vaccines. Factors that contribute to this include a lack of broad coverage by current vaccines and continual emergence of novel virus strains. Further complicating matters, when influenza viruses infect a host, severe infections can develop when bacterial pathogens invade. Secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) contribute to a significant proportion of influenza-related mortality, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae as major coinfecting pathogens. Vaccines against bacterial pathogens can reduce coinfection incidence and severity, but few vaccines are available and those that are, may have decreased efficacy in influenza virus-infected hosts. While some studies indicate a benefit of vaccine-induced immunity in providing protection against SBIs, a comprehensive understanding is lacking. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of viral and bacterial vaccine availability, the generation of protective immunity from these vaccines, and the effectiveness in limiting influenza-associated bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Smith
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Victor C Huber
- 2 Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota , Vermillion, South Dakota
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7
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Zhong W, Liu F, Wilson JR, Holiday C, Li ZN, Bai Y, Tzeng WP, Stevens J, York IA, Levine MZ. Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity to Hemagglutinin of Influenza A Viruses After Influenza Vaccination in Humans. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw102. [PMID: 27419174 PMCID: PMC4943536 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Detection of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) antigens by conventional serological assays is currently the main immune correlate of protection for influenza vaccines However, current prepandemic avian influenza vaccines are poorly immunogenic in inducing nAbs despite considerable protection conferred. Recent studies show that Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to HA antigens are readily detectable in the sera of healthy individuals and patients with influenza infection. Methods. Virus neutralization and ADCC activities of serum samples from individuals who received either seasonal or a stock-piled H5N1 avian influenza vaccine were evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition assay, microneutralization assay, and an improved ADCC natural killer (NK) cell activation assay. Results. Immunization with inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine led to strong expansion of both nAbs and ADCC-mediating antibodies (adccAbs) to H3 antigen of the vaccine virus in 24 postvaccination human sera. In sharp contrast, 18 individuals vaccinated with the adjuvanted H5N1 avian influenza vaccine mounted H5-specific antibodies with strong ADCC activities despite moderate virus neutralization capacity. Strength of HA-specific ADCC activities is largely associated with the titers of HA-binding antibodies and not with the fine antigenic specificity of anti-HA nAbs. Conclusions. Detection of both nAbs and adccAbs may better reflect protective capacity of HA-specific antibodies induced by avian influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhong
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Feng Liu
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jason R Wilson
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal Holiday
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhu-Nan Li
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wen-Pin Tzeng
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ian A York
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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8
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Bicho D, Caramelo-Nunes C, Sousa A, Sousa F, Queiroz J, Tomaz C. Purification of influenza deoxyribonucleic acid-based vaccine using agmatine monolith. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:153-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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Zeng W, Tan ACL, Horrocks K, Jackson DC. A lipidated form of the extracellular domain of influenza M2 protein as a self-adjuvanting vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2015; 33:3526-32. [PMID: 26049002 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved extracellular domain of Matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A virus has been previously investigated as a potential target for an universal influenza vaccine. In this study we prepared four lipopeptide influenza vaccine candidates in which the TLR2 agonist S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl] cysteine, (Pam2Cys) was attached to either the N- or C-terminus of the M2e consensus sequence SLLTEVETPIRNEWGCRCNDSSDP and its analogue sequence with the two cysteine residues replaced with serine residues. The results of animal study show that each of these lipopeptides induced strong M2e-specific antibody responses in the absence of extraneous T helper cell epitope(s) which are normally incorporated in the previous studies or addition of extraneous adjuvant and that these antibodies are protective against lethal challenge with influenza virus. Comparison of different routes of inoculation demonstrated that intranasal administration of M2e lipopeptide induced higher titers of IgA and IgG2b antibodies in the bronchoalveolar lavage than did subcutaneous vaccination and was better at mitigating the severity of viral challenge. Finally, we show that anti-M2e antibody specificities absent from the antibody repertoire elicited by a commercially available influenza vaccine and by virus infection can be introduced by immunization with M2e-lipopeptide and boosted by viral challenge. Immunization with this lipidated form of the M2e epitope therefore offers a means of using a widely conserved epitope to generate protective antibodies which are not otherwise induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Amabel C L Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie Horrocks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Lee YN, Suk Hwang H, Kim MC, Lee YT, Cho MK, Kwon YM, Seok Lee J, Plemper RK, Kang SM. Recombinant influenza virus carrying the conserved domain of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein confers protection against RSV without inflammatory disease. Virology 2014; 476:217-225. [PMID: 25553517 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important causes for viral lower respiratory tract disease in humans. There is no licensed RSV vaccine. Here, we generated recombinant influenza viruses (PR8/RSV.HA-G) carrying the chimeric constructs of hemagglutinin (HA) and central conserved-domains of the RSV G protein. PR8/RSV.HA-G virus showed lower pathogenicity without compromising immunogenicity in mice. Single intranasal inoculation of mice with PR8/RSV.HA-G induced IgG2a isotype dominant antibodies and RSV neutralizing activity. Mice with single intranasal inoculation of PR8/RSV.HA-G were protected against RSV infection as evidenced by significant reduction of lung viral loads to a detection limit upon RSV challenge. PR8/RSV.HA-G inoculation of mice did not induce pulmonary eosinophilia and inflammation upon RSV infection. These findings support a concept that recombinant influenza viruses carrying the RSV G conserved-domain can be developed as a promising RSV vaccine candidate without pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do 404-170, South Korea
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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11
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Scott PD, Meng B, Marriott AC, Easton AJ, Dimmock NJ. Defective interfering influenza virus confers only short-lived protection against influenza virus disease: evidence for a role for adaptive immunity in DI virus-mediated protection in vivo. Vaccine 2011; 29:6584-91. [PMID: 21762748 PMCID: PMC3163266 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have shown earlier that a single dose of cloned defective interfering (DI) influenza A virus strongly protects mice from disease following a lethal challenge with different subtypes of influenza A virus. These animals suffered no clinical disease but experienced a subclinical infection which rendered them immune to reinfection with the same challenge virus. However, little is known about how DI virus achieves such protection. Here we investigated the role of adaptive immunity in DI virus-mediated protection using severe-combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which lack competence in both B- and T-cell compartments but retain NK cell activity. SCID mice which were treated with DI virus and infected with influenza virus initially remained completely well, while infected litter mates that received UV-inactivated DI virus became seriously ill and died. However, after 10 days of good health, the DI virus-protected SCID mice developed a clinical disease that was similar, but not completely identical, to the acute influenza disease. Disease was delayed longer by a higher dose of DI virus. We excluded the possibilities that the DI virus load in the lungs had declined, that the DI RNA sequence had changed so that it no longer interfered with the infectious genome, or that infectious virus had become resistant to the DI virus. These data show that while DI virus provides full protection from the acute disease in the absence of adaptive immunity, that same immunity is essential for clearing the infection. This indicates that the conventional view that DI virus-induced protection is mediated solely by competition for replication with the challenge virus is incorrect for influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Scott
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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12
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Liu D, Si B, Li C, Mi Z, An X, Qin C, Liu W, Tong Y. Prokaryotic expression and purification of HA1 and HA2 polypeptides for serological analysis of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. J Virol Methods 2011; 172:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Ng WC, Wong V, Muller B, Rawlin G, Brown LE. Prevention and treatment of influenza with hyperimmune bovine colostrum antibody. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13622. [PMID: 21049034 PMCID: PMC2964324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the availability of specific vaccines and antiviral drugs, influenza continues to impose a heavy toll on human health worldwide. Passive transfer of specific antibody (Ab) may provide a useful means of preventing or treating disease in unvaccinated individuals or those failing to adequately seroconvert, especially now that resistance to antiviral drugs is on the rise. However, preparation of appropriate Ab in large scale, quickly and on a yearly basis is viewed as a significant logistical hurdle for this approach to control seasonal influenza. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, bovine colostrum, which contains approximately 500 g of IgG per milking per animal, has been investigated as a source of polyclonal antibody for delivery to the respiratory tract. IgG and F(ab')2 were purified from the hyperimmune colostrum of cows vaccinated with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) vaccine and were shown to have high hemagglutination-inhibitory and virus-neutralizing titers. In BALB/c mice, a single administration of either IgG or F(ab')2 could prevent the establishment of infection with a sublethal dose of PR8 virus when given as early as 7 days prior to exposure to virus. Pre-treated mice also survived an otherwise lethal dose of virus, the IgG- but not the F(ab')2-treated mice showing no weight loss. Successful reduction of established infection with this highly virulent virus was also observed with a single treatment 24 hr after virus exposure. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest that a novel and commercially-scalable technique for preparing Ab from hyperimmune bovine colostrum could allow production of a valuable substitute for antiviral drugs to control influenza with the advantage of eliminating the need for daily administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wy Ching Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Wong
- Immuron Limited, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Muller
- Immuron Limited, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant Rawlin
- Immuron Limited, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorena E. Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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14
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Larocque D, Sanderson NSR, Bergeron J, Curtin JF, Girton J, Wibowo M, Bondale N, Kroeger KM, Yang J, Lacayo LM, Reyes KC, Farrokhi C, Pechnick RN, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Exogenous fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand overrides brain immune privilege and facilitates recognition of a neo-antigen without causing autoimmune neuropathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:14443-8. [PMID: 20660723 PMCID: PMC2922551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913496107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble antigens diffuse out of the brain and can thus stimulate a systemic immune response, whereas particulate antigens (from infectious agents or tumor cells) remain within brain tissue, thus failing to stimulate a systemic immune response. Immune privilege describes how the immune system responds to particulate antigens localized selectively within the brain parenchyma. We believe this immune privilege is caused by the absence of antigen presenting dendritic cells from the brain. We tested the prediction that expression of fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand 3 (Flt3L) in the brain will recruit dendritic cells and induce a systemic immune response against exogenous influenza hemagglutinin in BALB/c mice. Coexpression of Flt3L with HA in the brain parenchyma induced a robust systemic anti-HA immune response, and a small response against myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein epitopes. Depletion of CD4(+)CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) enhanced both responses. To investigate the autoimmune impact of these immune responses, we characterized the neuropathological and behavioral consequences of intraparenchymal injections of Flt3L and HA in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. T cell infiltration in the forebrain was time and strain dependent, and increased in animals treated with Flt3L and depleted of Tregs; however, we failed to detect widespread defects in myelination throughout the forebrain or spinal cord. Results of behavioral tests were all normal. These results demonstrate that Flt3L overcomes the brain's immune privilege, and supports the clinical development of Flt3L as an adjuvant to stimulate clinically effective immune responses against brain neo-antigens, for example, those associated with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Larocque
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Nicholas S. R. Sanderson
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Josée Bergeron
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - James F. Curtin
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Joe Girton
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Mia Wibowo
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, and
| | - Niyati Bondale
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Kurt M. Kroeger
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Jieping Yang
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Liliana M. Lacayo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Kevin C. Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Catherine Farrokhi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Robert N. Pechnick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
- Brain Research Institute, and
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
- Brain Research Institute, and
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine
- Brain Research Institute, and
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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15
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Long-lasting protective antiviral immunity induced by passive immunotherapies requires both neutralizing and effector functions of the administered monoclonal antibody. J Virol 2010; 84:10169-81. [PMID: 20610721 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00568-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using FrCas(E) retrovirus-infected newborn mice as a model system, we have shown recently that a long-lasting antiviral immune response essential for healthy survival emerges after a short treatment with a neutralizing (667) IgG2a isotype monoclonal antibody (MAb). This suggested that the mobilization of adaptive immunity by administered MAbs is key for the success in the long term for the MAb-based passive immunotherapy of chronic viral infections. We have addressed here whether the anti-FrCas(E) protective endogenous immunity is the mere consequence of viral propagation blunting, which would simply give time to the immune system to react, and/or to actual immunomodulation by the MAb during the treatment. To this aim, we have compared viral replication, disease progression, and antiviral immune responses between different groups of infected mice: (i) mice treated with either the 667 MAb, its F(ab')(2) fragment, or an IgM (672) with epitopic specificity similar to that of 667 but displaying different effector functions, and (ii) mice receiving no treatment but infected with a low viral inoculum reproducing the initial viral expansion observed in their infected/667 MAb-treated counterparts. Our data show that the reduction of FrCas(E) propagation is insufficient on its own to induce protective immunity and support a direct immunomodulatory action of the 667 MAb. Interestingly, they also point to sequential actions of the administered MAb. In a first step, viral propagation is exclusively controlled by 667 neutralizing activity, and in a second one, this action is complemented by FcgammaR-binding-dependent mechanisms, which most likely combine infected cell cytolysis and the modulation of the antiviral endogenous immune response. Such complementary effects of administered MAbs must be taken into consideration for the improvement of future antiviral MAb-based immunotherapies.
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16
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Lung homing CTLs and their proliferation ability are important correlates of vaccine protection against influenza. Vaccine 2010; 28:5669-75. [PMID: 20600493 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a study to evaluate the protective efficacy in mice of vaccination with novel adenovirus vectors expressing an influenza A nucleoprotein (AdFluA-NP) based on isolates from non-human primates. In a previous study, we had observed that AdFluA-NP vectors can induce similar T cell responses in mice yet differ in ability to protect animals from lethal challenge with influenza A virus. To better define correlates of protection, we extended our study design to include additional novel AdFluA-NP vectors, and to evaluate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in the spleens and lungs of immunized mice prior to virus challenge. As in our previous study, all vectors induced similar numbers of antigen-specific interferon gamma (IFNgamma) secreting T cells and memory T cells in the spleen 4 weeks post immunization, but differed in their ability to protect the animals from lethal infection. However, cytokine-secreting NP antigen-specific CTLs in the lungs of mice from immunization groups that survived lethal challenge showed greater proliferative ability and higher CD27 expression. In addition, NP antigen-specific peripheral blood lymphocytes from protected mice showed greater proliferative ability after ex vivo stimulation. Our results provide additional correlates of protection that should be considered when developing anti-influenza vaccines.
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17
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Influenza pathogenesis: lessons learned from animal studies with H5N1, H1N1 Spanish, and pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:e21-9. [PMID: 19935414 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181c8b4d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Because cases of highly pathogenic influenza are rare, no systematic clinical studies have evaluated different therapeutic approaches. Instead, treatment recommendations are aimed at the alleviation of clinical signs and symptoms, especially the restoration of respiratory function, and at the inhibition of virus replication, assuming viral load is responsible for disease phenotype. Studies of highly pathogenic influenza in different animal models, especially nonhuman primates and ferrets, reproduce many of the key observations from clinical cases. Host-response kinetics reveal a delayed but broad activation of genes involved in the innate and acquired immune responses (innate responses produce inflammatory responses), which continue after the virus has been cleared and may contribute importantly to the clinical signs observed. Experimental animal models point to an important role for immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of highly pathogenic influenza. The use of these models to develop and validate therapeutic approaches is just beginning, but published studies reveal the importance of early treatment with antivirals and show the potential and limitations of approaches aimed at the host response.
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18
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Xie X, McLean MD, Hall JC. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity- and complement-dependent cytotoxicity-independent bactericidal activity of an IgG against Pseudomonas aeruginosa O6ad. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 184:3725-33. [PMID: 20190144 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to Ag recognition, some Abs are capable of killing target organisms in the absence of phagocytes and complement. In this study, we report that an anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa O6ad LPS IgG(1), tobacco-expressed human S20 IgG(1) (te-hS20), as well as its recombinant Fab and single-chain variable fragment (scFv) fragments have cellular- and complement-independent bactericidal activity. te-hS20 and its Fab and scFv significantly reduced viability of P. aeruginosa O6ad in dose- and time-dependent manners in vitro and also showed lower levels of bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa PAO1, but had no activity against P. aeruginosa O10, Escherichia coli TG1, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The H chain and its Fd fragment both had significant Ag-binding and bactericidal activities against P. aeruginosa O6ad. Bactericidal activity was completely inhibited with specific LPS Ag, suggesting that Ag binding is involved in the bactericidal mechanism. Live/dead cell staining and electron microscopic observations indicate that the bactericidal effect was due to disruption of the cell wall and suggest inhibition of cell division. In addition to te-hS20, the Fab and scFv were also protective in vivo, as leukopenic mice had prolonged and improved survival after administration of these Ab fragments followed by challenge with P. aeruginosa O6ad cells at 80-90% lethal dose, supporting a bactericidal mechanism independent of phagocytes and complement. Understanding of the bactericidal mechanism will allow assessment of the potential for therapeutic application of these Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xie
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Diavatopoulos DA, Short KR, Price JT, Wilksch JJ, Brown LE, Briles DE, Strugnell RA, Wijburg OL. Influenza A virus facilitates
Streptococcus pneumoniae
transmission and disease. FASEB J 2010; 24:1789-98. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-146779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsty R. Short
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - John T. Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Jonathan J. Wilksch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Lorena E. Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David E. Briles
- Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Richard A. Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Odilia L. Wijburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
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20
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Sun L, Lu X, Li C, Wang M, Liu Q, Li Z, Hu X, Li J, Liu F, Li Q, Belser JA, Hancock K, Shu Y, Katz JM, Liang M, Li D. Generation, characterization and epitope mapping of two neutralizing and protective human recombinant antibodies against influenza A H5N1 viruses. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5476. [PMID: 19421326 PMCID: PMC2674214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of new therapeutic targets and strategies to control highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infection in humans is urgently needed. Broadly cross-neutralizing recombinant human antibodies obtained from the survivors of H5N1 avian influenza provide an important role in immunotherapy for human H5N1 virus infection and definition of the critical epitopes for vaccine development. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have characterized two recombinant baculovirus-expressed human antibodies (rhAbs), AVFluIgG01 and AVFluIgG03, generated by screening a Fab antibody phage library derived from a patient recovered from infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3 virus. AVFluIgG01 cross-neutralized the most of clade 0, clade 1, and clade 2 viruses tested, in contrast, AVFluIgG03 only neutralized clade 2 viruses. Passive immunization of mice with either AVFluIgG01 or AVFluIgG03 antibody resulted in protection from a lethal H5N1 clade 2.3 virus infection. Furthermore, through epitope mapping, we identify two distinct epitopes on H5 HA molecule recognized by these rhAbs and demonstrate their potential to protect against a lethal H5N1 virus infection in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Importantly, localization of the epitopes recognized by these two neutralizing and protective antibodies has provided, for the first time, insight into the human antibody responses to H5N1 viruses which contribute to the H5 immunity in the recovered patient. These results highlight the potential of a rhAbs treatment strategy for human H5N1 virus infection and provide new insight for the development of effective H5N1 pandemic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Lu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Qinzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofen Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Li
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heifei, China
| | - Jessica A. Belser
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathy Hancock
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuelong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Jacqueline M. Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mifang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (DL)
| | - Dexin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (DL)
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21
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Beigel J, Bray M. Current and future antiviral therapy of severe seasonal and avian influenza. Antiviral Res 2008; 78:91-102. [PMID: 18328578 PMCID: PMC2346583 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The currently circulating H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes of influenza A virus cause a transient, febrile upper respiratory illness in most adults and children (“seasonal influenza”), but infants, the elderly, immunodeficient and chronically ill persons may develop life-threatening primary viral pneumonia or complications such as bacterial pneumonia. By contrast, avian influenza viruses such as the H5N1 virus that recently emerged in Southeast Asia can cause severe disease when transferred from domestic poultry to previously healthy people (“avian influenza”). Most H5N1 patients present with fever, cough and shortness of breath that progress rapidly to adult respiratory distress syndrome. In seasonal influenza, viral replication remains confined to the respiratory tract, but limited studies indicate that H5N1 infections are characterized by systemic viral dissemination, high cytokine levels and multiorgan failure. Gastrointestinal infection and encephalitis also occur. The licensed anti-influenza drugs (the M2 ion channel blockers, amantadine and rimantadine, and the neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir) are beneficial for uncomplicated seasonal influenza, but appropriate dosing regimens for severe seasonal or H5N1 viral infections have not been defined. Treatment options may be limited by the rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Ribavirin has also been used to a limited extent to treat influenza. This article reviews licensed drugs and treatments under development, including high-dose oseltamivir; parenterally administered neuraminidase inhibitors, peramivir and zanamivir; dimeric forms of zanamivir; the RNA polymerase inhibitor T-705; a ribavirin prodrug, viramidine; polyvalent and monoclonal antibodies; and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Beigel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Asanuma H, Matsumoto-Takasaki A, Suzuki Y, Tamura SI, Sata T, Kusada Y, Matsushita M, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y. Influenza PR8 HA-specific Fab fragments produced by phage display methods. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 366:445-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Gillet L, Stevenson PG. Antibody evasion by the N terminus of murid herpesvirus-4 glycoprotein B. EMBO J 2007; 26:5131-42. [PMID: 18034158 PMCID: PMC2094095 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses characteristically transmit infection from immune hosts. Although their success in escaping neutralization by pre-formed antibody is indisputable, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Glycoprotein B (gB) is the most conserved component of the herpesvirus entry machinery and its N terminus (gB-NT) is a common neutralization target. We used murid herpesvirus-4 to determine how gB-NT contributes to the virus–antibody interaction. Deleting gB-NT had no obvious impact on virus replication, but paradoxically increased virion neutralization by immune sera. This reflected greater antibody access to neutralization epitopes on gH/gL, with which gB was associated. gB-NT itself was variably protected against antibody by O-linked glycans; on virions from epithelial cells it was protected almost completely. gB-NT therefore provides a protective and largely protected cover for a vulnerable part of gH/gL. The conservation of predicted glycosylation sites in other mammalian herpesvirus gB-NTs suggests that this evasion mechanism is widespread. Interestingly, the gB-NT glycans that blocked antibody binding could be targeted for neutralization instead by a lectin, suggesting a means of therapeutic counterattack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gillet
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Gillet L, May JS, Colaco S, Stevenson PG. The murine gammaherpesvirus-68 gp150 acts as an immunogenic decoy to limit virion neutralization. PLoS One 2007; 2:e705. [PMID: 17684552 PMCID: PMC1931612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses maintain long-term infectivity without marked antigenic variation. They must therefore evade neutralization by other means. Immune sera block murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) infection of fibroblasts, but fail to block and even enhance its infection of IgG Fc receptor-bearing cells, suggesting that the antibody response to infection is actually poor at ablating virion infectivity completely. Here we analyzed this effect further by quantitating the glycoprotein-specific antibody response of MHV-68 carrier mice. Gp150 was much the commonest glycoprotein target and played a predominant role in driving Fc receptor-dependent infection: when gp150-specific antibodies were boosted, Fc receptor-dependent infection increased; and when gp150-specific antibodies were removed, Fc receptor-dependent infection was largely lost. Neither gp150-specific monoclonal antibodies nor gp150-specific polyclonal sera gave significant virion neutralization. Gp150 therefore acts as an immunogenic decoy, distorting the MHV-68-specific antibody response to promote Fc receptor-dependent infection and so compromise virion neutralization. This immune evasion mechanism may be common to many non-essential herpesvirus glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gillet
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janet S. May
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Colaco
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philip G. Stevenson
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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25
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Jayasekera JP, Moseman EA, Carroll MC. Natural antibody and complement mediate neutralization of influenza virus in the absence of prior immunity. J Virol 2007; 81:3487-94. [PMID: 17202212 PMCID: PMC1866020 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02128-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early control of virus replication by the innate immune response is essential to allow time for the generation of a more effective adaptive immune response. As an important component of innate immunity, complement has been shown to be necessary for protection against numerous microbial infections. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of complement in neutralizing influenza virus. Results demonstrated that the classical pathway of complement mediated serum neutralization of influenza virus. Although nonimmune serum neutralized influenza virus, the mechanism of virus neutralization (VN) required antibody, as sera from RAG1-deficient mice lacked VN activity; moreover, purified natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) restored VN activity to antibody-deficient sera. The mechanism of VN by natural IgM and complement was associated with virion aggregation and coating of the viral hemagglutinin receptor; however, viral lysis did not significantly contribute to VN. Additionally, reconstitution of RAG1-deficient mice with natural IgM resulted in delayed morbidity during influenza virus infection. Collectively, these results provide evidence that natural IgM and the early components of the classical pathway of complement work in concert to neutralize influenza virus and that this interaction may have a significant impact on the course of influenza viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome P Jayasekera
- CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, 800 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Mozdzanowska K, Feng J, Eid M, Zharikova D, Gerhard W. Enhancement of neutralizing activity of influenza virus-specific antibodies by serum components. Virology 2006; 352:418-26. [PMID: 16777168 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of serum components in enhancing virus neutralizing (VN) activity of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (HA)-specific MAbs in vitro was investigated. The degree of enhancement depended on the MAb's fine specificity and heavy chain isotype and on type of serum. Greatest enhancement (>100-fold) was seen with sera from immunodeficient mice that lacked serum immunoglobulin. At least two serum components were involved: C1q and a heat-resistant factor. C1q was mandatory for enhancement, and other components of the complement system were not required. C1q appeared to operate by improving MAb-mediated inhibition of virus attachment to host cells and was most effective with MAbs that inhibited virus attachment poorly on their own. The heat-resistant factor enhanced VN activity only in the presence of C1q and appeared to operate by enhancing VN activity at a post-attachment stage.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Cell Line
- Complement C1q/metabolism
- Complement C3/metabolism
- Dogs
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Models, Immunological
- Models, Molecular
- Neutralization Tests
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Mozdzanowska
- Immunology Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4268, USA
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27
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Doherty PC, Turner SJ, Webby RG, Thomas PG. Influenza and the challenge for immunology. Nat Immunol 2006; 7:449-55. [PMID: 16622432 DOI: 10.1038/ni1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The continued westward dissemination of H5N1 influenza A viruses in avian populations and the nearly 50% mortality rate of humans infected with H5N1 are a source of great international concern. A mutant H5N1 virus with the capability to spread rapidly between humans could cause a global catastrophe. Governments have reacted by developing national response plans, stockpiling antiviral drugs and speeding up the development and approval of vaccines. Here we summarize what is known about the interaction between influenza A viruses and the mammalian host response, specifically emphasizing issues that might be of interest to the broader immunology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Doherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne School of Medicine, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Lu J, Guo Z, Pan X, Wang G, Zhang D, Li Y, Tan B, Ouyang L, Yu X. Passive immunotherapy for influenza A H5N1 virus infection with equine hyperimmune globulin F(ab')2 in mice. Respir Res 2006; 7:43. [PMID: 16553963 PMCID: PMC1459145 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza virus H5N1 has demonstrated considerable pandemic potential. Currently, no effective vaccines for H5N1 infection are available, so passive immunotherapy may be an alternative strategy. To investigate the possible therapeutic effect of antibody against highly pathogenic H5N1 virus on a mammal host, we prepared specific equine anti-H5N1 IgGs from horses vaccinated with inactivated H5N1 virus, and then obtained the F(ab')2 fragments by pepsin digestion of IgGs. Methods The horses were vaccinated with inactivated H5N1 vaccine to prepare anti-H5N1 IgGs. The F(ab')2 fragments were purified from anti-H5N1 hyperimmune sera by a protocol for 'enhanced pepsin digestion'. The protective effect of the F(ab')2 fragments against H5N1 virus infection was determined in cultured MDCK cells by cytopathic effect (CPE) assay and in a BALB/c mouse model by survival rate assay. Results By the protocol for 'enhanced pepsin digestion', total 16 g F(ab')2 fragments were finally obtained from one liter equine antisera with the purity of over 90%. The H5N1-specific F(ab')2 fragments had a HI titer of 1:1024, and the neutralization titre of F(ab')2 reached 1: 2048. The in vivo assay showed that 100 μg of the F(ab')2 fragments could protect BALB/c mice infected with a lethal dose of influenza H5N1 virus. Conclusion The availability of highly purified H5N1-specific F(ab')2 fragments may be promising for treatment of influenza H5N1 infection. Our work has provided experimental support for the application of the therapeutic equine immunoglobulin in future large primate or human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahai Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Zharikova D, Mozdzanowska K, Feng J, Zhang M, Gerhard W. Influenza type A virus escape mutants emerge in vivo in the presence of antibodies to the ectodomain of matrix protein 2. J Virol 2005; 79:6644-54. [PMID: 15890902 PMCID: PMC1112148 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.11.6644-6654.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of human influenza type A virus strains has remained remarkably conserved since 1918. Because M2e-specific immunity has been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with influenza virus infection in several animal models and because natural infection and current vaccines do not appear to induce a good M2e-specific antibody (Ab) response, M2e has been considered as potential vaccine for inducing cross-reactive protection against influenza type A viruses. The high degree of structural conservation of M2e could in part be the consequence of a poor M2e-specific Ab response and thus the absence of pressure for change. To assess this possibility, we studied the course of infection in SCID mice in the presence or absence of passive M2e-specific monoclonal Abs (MAbs). We found that virus mutants with antigenic changes in M2e emerged in 65% of virus-infected mice treated with M2e-specific but not control MAbs. However, the diversity of escape mutants was highly restricted since only two types were isolated from 22 mice, one with a proline-to-leucine and the other with a proline-to-histidine interchange at amino acid position 10 of M2e. The implications of these findings for the use of M2e as a broadly protective vaccine are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Female
- Genes, Viral
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza A virus/pathogenicity
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
- Virulence/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Zharikova
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4268, USA
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