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Jacob AT, Ziegler BM, Farha SM, Vivian LR, Zilinski CA, Armstrong AR, Burdette AJ, Beachboard DC, Stobart CC. Sin Nombre Virus and the Emergence of Other Hantaviruses: A Review of the Biology, Ecology, and Disease of a Zoonotic Pathogen. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1413. [PMID: 37998012 PMCID: PMC10669331 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is an emerging virus that was first discovered in the Four Corners region of the United States in 1993. The virus causes a disease known as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), sometimes called Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (HCPS), a life-threatening illness named for the predominance of infection of pulmonary endothelial cells. SNV is one of several rodent-borne hantaviruses found in the western hemisphere with the capability of causing this disease. The primary reservoir of SNV is the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), and the virus is transmitted primarily through aerosolized rodent excreta and secreta. Here, we review the history of SNV emergence and its virus biology and relationship to other New World hantaviruses, disease, treatment, and prevention options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Jacob
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
| | | | - Stefania M. Farha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
| | - Lyla R. Vivian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
| | - Cora A. Zilinski
- Department of Biology, DeSales University, Center Valley, PA 18034, USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Burdette
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
| | - Dia C. Beachboard
- Department of Biology, DeSales University, Center Valley, PA 18034, USA
| | - Christopher C. Stobart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Public Health, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
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Vial PA, Ferrés M, Vial C, Klingström J, Ahlm C, López R, Le Corre N, Mertz GJ. Hantavirus in humans: a review of clinical aspects and management. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:e371-e382. [PMID: 37105214 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Hantavirus infections are part of the broad group of viral haemorrhagic fevers. They are also recognised as a distinct model of an emergent zoonotic infection with a global distribution. Many factors influence their epidemiology and transmission, such as climate, environment, social development, ecology of rodent hosts, and human behaviour in endemic regions. Transmission to humans occurs by exposure to infected rodents in endemic areas; however, Andes hantavirus is unique in that it can be transmitted from person to person. As hantaviruses target endothelial cells, they can affect diverse organ systems; increased vascular permeability is central to pathogenesis. The main clinical syndromes associated with hantaviruses are haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which is endemic in Europe and Asia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), which is endemic in the Americas. HCPS and HFRS are separate clinical entities, but they share several features and have many overlapping symptoms, signs, and pathogenic alterations. For HCPS in particular, clinical outcomes are highly associated with early clinical suspicion, access to rapid diagnostic testing or algorithms for presumptive diagnosis, and prompt transfer to a facility with critical care units. No specific effective antiviral treatment is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Vial
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Pediatría Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcela Ferrés
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Molecular Virology Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - René López
- Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Paciente Crítico Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Le Corre
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Molecular Virology Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gregory J Mertz
- Department of Internal Medicine, UNM Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Bellomo CM, Alonso DO, Pérez-Sautu U, Prieto K, Kehl S, Coelho RM, Periolo N, Di Paola N, Ferressini-Gerpe N, Kuhn JH, Sanchez-Lockhart M, Palacios G, Martínez VP. Andes Virus Genome Mutations That Are Likely Associated with Animal Model Attenuation and Human Person-to-Person Transmission. mSphere 2023:e0001823. [PMID: 37097182 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00018-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed whole-genome sequencing with bait enrichment techniques to analyze Andes virus (ANDV), a cause of human hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. We used cryopreserved lung tissues from a naturally infected long-tailed colilargo, including early, intermediate, and late cell culture, passages of an ANDV isolate from that animal, and lung tissues from golden hamsters experimentally exposed to that ANDV isolate. The resulting complete genome sequences were subjected to detailed comparative genomic analysis against American orthohantaviruses. We identified four amino acid substitutions related to cell culture adaptation that resulted in attenuation of ANDV in the typically lethal golden hamster animal model of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Changes in the ANDV nucleocapsid protein, glycoprotein, and small nonstructural protein open reading frames correlated with mutations typical for ANDV strains associated with increased virulence in the small-animal model. Finally, we identified three amino acid substitutions, two in the small nonstructural protein and one in the glycoprotein, that were only present in the clade of viruses associated with efficient person-to-person transmission. Our results indicate that there are single-nucleotide polymorphisms that could be used to predict strain-specific ANDV virulence and/or transmissibility. IMPORTANCE Several orthohantaviruses cause the zoonotic disease hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas. Among them, HPS caused by Andes virus (ANDV) is of great public health concern because it is associated with the highest case fatality rate (up to 50%). ANDV is also the only orthohantavirus associated with relatively robust evidence of person-to-person transmission. This work reveals nucleotide changes in the ANDV genome that are associated with virulence attenuation in an animal model and increased transmissibility in humans. These findings may pave the way to early severity predictions in future ANDV-caused HPS outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Bellomo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Hantavirus, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel O Alonso
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Hantavirus, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Unai Pérez-Sautu
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Karla Prieto
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sebastian Kehl
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Hantavirus, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocio M Coelho
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Hantavirus, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Periolo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Hantavirus, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health Emerging Pathogen Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Valeria P Martínez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Hantavirus, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Debat HJ. A South American Mouse Morbillivirus Provides Insight into a Clade of Rodent-Borne Morbilliviruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112403. [PMID: 36366501 PMCID: PMC9697977 DOI: 10.3390/v14112403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbilliviruses are negative-sense single-stranded monosegmented RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae (order Mononegavirales). Morbilliviruses infect diverse mammals including humans, dogs, cats, small ruminants, seals, and cetaceans, which serve as natural hosts. Here, I report the identification and characterization of novel viruses detected in public RNAseq datasets of South American long-haired and olive field mice. The divergent viruses dubbed Ratón oliváceo morbillivirus (RoMV) detected in renal samples from mice collected from Chile and Argentina are characterized by an unusually large genome including long intergenic regions and the presence of an accessory protein between the F and H genes redounding in a genome architecture consisting in 3'-N-P/V/C-M-F-hp-H-L-5'. Structural and functional annotation, genetic distance, and evolutionary insights suggest that RoMV is a member of a novel species within genus Morbillivirus tentatively named as South American mouse morbillivirus. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this mouse morbillivirus is closely related to and clusters into a monophyletic group of novel rodent-borne morbilliviruses. This subclade of divergent viruses expands the host range, redefines the genomic organization and provides insights on the evolutionary history of genus Morbillivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto J. Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba X5020ICA, Argentina; ; Tel./Fax: +54-9-351-4973636
- Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5020ICA, Argentina
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Bellomo C, Alonso DO, Ricardo T, Coelho R, Kehl S, Periolo N, Azogaray V, Casas N, Ottonelli M, Bergero LC, Cudós MC, Previtali MA, Martinez VP. Emerging hantaviruses in Central Argentina: First case of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome caused by Alto Paraguay virus, and a novel orthohantavirus in Scapteromys aquaticus rodent. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009842. [PMID: 34788281 PMCID: PMC8598061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are emerging rodent-borne pathogens that cause Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in humans. They have a wide range of rodent reservoir hosts and are transmitted to humans through aerosolized viral particles generated by the excretions of infected individuals. Since the first description of HPS in Argentina, new hantaviruses have been reported throughout the country, most of which are pathogenic to humans. We present here the first HPS case infected with Alto Paraguay virus reported in Argentina. Until now, Alto Paraguay virus was considered a non-pathogenic orthohantavirus since it was identified in a rodent, Holochilus chacarius. In addition to this, with the goal of identifying potential hantavirus host species in the province of Santa Fe, we finally describe a novel orthohantavirus found in the native rodent Scapteromys aquaticus, which differed from other hantaviruses described in the country so far. Our findings implicate an epidemiological warning regarding these new orthohantaviruses circulating in Central Argentina as well as new rodent species that must be considered as hosts from now on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bellomo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas—Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. C. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Oscar Alonso
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas—Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. C. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Ricardo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fé, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - Rocío Coelho
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas—Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. C. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Kehl
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas—Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. C. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Periolo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas—Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. C. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Azogaray
- Laboratorio Central de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - Natalia Casas
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Zoonóticas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Ottonelli
- Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de Santa Fe, Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - Laura Cristina Bergero
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Cudós
- Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de Santa Fe, Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - María Andrea Previtali
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fé, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - Valeria Paula Martinez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas—Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. C. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Serological Evidence of Multiple Zoonotic Viral Infections among Wild Rodents in Barbados. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060663. [PMID: 34071689 PMCID: PMC8229225 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rodents are reservoirs for several zoonotic pathogens that can cause human infectious diseases, including orthohantaviruses, mammarenaviruses and orthopoxviruses. Evidence exists for these viruses circulating among rodents and causing human infections in the Americas, but much less evidence exists for their presence in wild rodents in the Caribbean. Methods: Here, we conducted serological and molecular investigations of wild rodents in Barbados to determine the prevalence of orthohantavirus, mammarenavirus and orthopoxvirus infections, and the possible role of these rodent species as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Using immunofluorescent assays (IFA), rodent sera were screened for the presence of antibodies to orthohantavirus, mammarenavirus (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus—LCMV) and orthopoxvirus (Cowpox virus—CPXV) infections. RT-PCR was then conducted on orthohantavirus and mammarenavirus-seropositive rodent sera and tissues, to detect the presence of viral RNA. Results: We identified antibodies against orthohantavirus, mammarenavirus, and orthopoxvirus among wild mice and rats (3.8%, 2.5% and 7.5% seropositivity rates respectively) in Barbados. No orthohantavirus or mammarenavirus viral RNA was detected from seropositive rodent sera or tissues using RT–PCR. Conclusions: Key findings of this study are the first serological evidence of orthohantavirus infections in Mus musculus and the first serological evidence of mammarenavirus and orthopoxvirus infections in Rattus norvegicus and M. musculus in the English-speaking Caribbean. Rodents may present a potential zoonotic and biosecurity risk for transmission of three human pathogens, namely orthohantaviruses, mammarenaviruses and orthopoxviruses in Barbados.
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Behavioral Responses of Wild Rodents to Owl Calls in an Austral Temperate Forest. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020428. [PMID: 33562286 PMCID: PMC7916001 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Growing human populations are challenging scientists to find effective ways to control and mitigate human–wildlife conflict while preserving biodiversity. It has been reported that predator odor and calls can drive away rodents, but little is known about species-specific responses of prey. For these reasons, we compared the behavioral changes of common rodent species inhabiting the Chilean temperate forest (Abrothrix spp., the long-tailed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomyslongicaudatus and the black rat Rattus rattus) when exposed to two different native predator calls (the austral pygmy owl Glaucidium nana and the rufous-legged owl Strix rufipes) and a control (no predator calls). Our results showed that all rodent species modified their behavior in the presence of predator calls, but the effects were species dependent. These findings point to the need to carefully study target rodent species instead of applying a general control plan for all rodent species. Abstract Ecologically based rodent management strategies are arising as a sustainable approach to rodent control, allowing us to preserve biodiversity while safeguarding human economic activities. Despite predator signals being known to generally repel rodents, few field-based studies have compared the behavioral effects of several predators on different prey species, especially in Neotropical ecosystems. Here, we used camera traps to study the behavior of rodent species native to the Chilean temperate forest (Abrothrix spp., long-tailed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) and an introduced rodent (black rat Rattus rattus). Using playbacks of raptor calls, we experimentally exposed rodents to three predation risk treatments: austral pygmy owl calls (Glaucidium nana), rufous-legged owl calls (Strix rufipes) and a control treatment (absence of owl calls). We evaluated the effects of the treatments on the time allocated to three behaviors: feeding time, locomotor activity and vigilance. Moonlight and vegetation cover were also considered in the analyses, as they can modify perceived predation risk. Results showed that predator calls and environmental factors modified prey behavior depending not only on the predator species, but also on the rodent species. Consequently, owl playbacks could be regarded as a promising rodent control tool, knowing that future studies would be critical to deeply understand differences between species in order to select the most effective predator cues.
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Ferro I, Bellomo CM, López W, Coelho R, Alonso D, Bruno A, Córdoba FE, Martinez VP. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome outbreaks associated with climate variability in Northwestern Argentina, 1997-2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008786. [PMID: 33253144 PMCID: PMC7728390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rodent-borne hantaviruses (genus Orthohantavirus) are the etiologic agents causing two human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Euroasia; and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North and South America. In South America fatality rates of HPS can reach up to 35%–50%. The transmission of pathogenic hantaviruses to humans occurs mainly via inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodents. Thus, the epidemiology of HPS is necessarily linked to the ecology of their rodent hosts and the contact with a human, which in turn may be influenced by climatic variability. Here we examined the relationship between climatic variables and hantavirus transmission aim to develop an early warning system of potential hantavirus outbreaks based on ecologically relevant climatic factors. Methodology and main findings We compiled reported HPS cases in northwestern Argentina during the 1997–2017 period and divided our data into biannual, quarterly, and bimestrial time periods to allow annual and shorter time delays to be observed. To evaluate the relationship of hantavirus transmission with mean temperature and precipitation we used dynamic regression analysis. We found a significant association between HPS incidence and lagged rainfall and temperature with a delay of 2 to 6 months. For the biannual and quarterly models, hantavirus transmission was positively associated with lagged rainfall and temperature; whereas the bimestrial models indicate a direct relationship with the rainfall but inverse for temperature in the second lagged period. Conclusions/Significance This work demonstrates that climate variability plays a significant role in the transmission of hantavirus in northwestern Argentina. The model developed in this study provides a basis for the forecast of potential HPS outbreaks based on climatic parameters. Our findings are valuable for the development of public health policies and prevention strategies to mitigate possible outbreaks. Nonetheless, a surveillance program on rodent population dynamics would lead to a more accurate forecast of HPS outbreaks. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a Pan-American emerging disease with a high mortality rate caused by a rodent-borne virus. In Argentina, almost half of the HPS infections occur in the northwestern endemic region. Most of the reported cases (75%) developed severe respiratory insufficiency, of which 30% required mechanical ventilation and 15% with a fatal outcome. In this study area, nearly half of the population is below the poverty line, particularly in rural areas, where most infections occur. Since there are no vaccines currently available nor specific therapeutic treatments, prevention of hantavirus infection involves mainly environmental management practices and educational campaigns. Our results provide a framework for the planning and implementation of early public health prevention campaigns based on the significant relationship between hantavirus outbreaks and delayed climatic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ferro
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (UNJu), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Carla M. Bellomo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter López
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Oran, Salta, Argentina
| | - Rocío Coelho
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alonso
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Francisco E. Córdoba
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (UNJu), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Valeria P. Martinez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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D'Souza MH, Patel TR. Biodefense Implications of New-World Hantaviruses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:925. [PMID: 32850756 PMCID: PMC7426369 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses, part of the Bunyaviridae family, are a genus of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause two major diseases: New-World Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome and Old-World Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome. Hantaviruses generally are found worldwide with each disease corresponding to their respective hemispheres. New-World Hantaviruses spread by specific rodent-host reservoirs and are categorized as emerging viruses that pose a threat to global health and security due to their high mortality rate and ease of transmission. Incidentally, reports of Hantavirus categorization as a bioweapon are often contradicted as both US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention refer to them as Category A and C bioagents respectively, each retaining qualitative levels of importance and severity. Concerns of Hantavirus being engineered into a novel bioagent has been thwarted by Hantaviruses being difficult to culture, isolate, and purify limiting its ability to be weaponized. However, the natural properties of Hantaviruses pose a threat that can be exploited by conventional and unconventional forces. This review seeks to clarify the categorization of Hantaviruses as a bioweapon, whilst defining the practicality of employing New-World Hantaviruses and their effect on armies, infrastructure, and civilian targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hilary D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Noack D, Goeijenbier M, Reusken CBEM, Koopmans MPG, Rockx BHG. Orthohantavirus Pathogenesis and Cell Tropism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:399. [PMID: 32903721 PMCID: PMC7438779 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are zoonotic viruses that are naturally maintained by persistent infection in specific reservoir species. Although these viruses mainly circulate among rodents worldwide, spill-over infection to humans occurs. Orthohantavirus infection in humans can result in two distinct clinical outcomes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). While both syndromes develop following respiratory transmission and are associated with multi-organ failure and high mortality rates, little is known about the mechanisms that result in these distinct clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is important to identify which cell types and tissues play a role in the differential development of pathogenesis in humans. Here, we review current knowledge on cell tropism and its role in pathogenesis during orthohantavirus infection in humans and reservoir rodents. Orthohantaviruses predominantly infect microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) of a variety of organs (lungs, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen) in humans. However, in this review we demonstrate that other cell types (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells, and tubular epithelium) are infected as well and may play a role in the early steps in pathogenesis. A key driver for pathogenesis is increased vascular permeability, which can be direct effect of viral infection in ECs or result of an imbalanced immune response in an attempt to clear the virus. Future studies should focus on the role of identifying how infection of organ-specific endothelial cells as well as other cell types contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Noack
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chantal B E M Reusken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barry H G Rockx
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Mull N, Jackson R, Sironen T, Forbes KM. Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American Orthohantaviruses. Pathogens 2020; 9:E325. [PMID: 32357540 PMCID: PMC7281597 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of documented American orthohantaviruses has increased significantly over recent decades, but most fundamental research has remained focused on just two of them: Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV). The majority of American orthohantaviruses are known to cause disease in humans, and most of these pathogenic strains were not described prior to human cases, indicating the importance of understanding all members of the virus clade. In this review, we summarize information on the ecology of under-studied rodent-borne American orthohantaviruses to form general conclusions and highlight important gaps in knowledge. Information regarding the presence and genetic diversity of many orthohantaviruses throughout the distributional range of their hosts is minimal and would significantly benefit from virus isolations to indicate a reservoir role. Additionally, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying transmission routes and factors affecting the environmental persistence of orthohantaviruses, limiting our understanding of factors driving prevalence fluctuations. As landscapes continue to change, host ranges and human exposure to orthohantaviruses likely will as well. Research on the ecology of neglected orthohantaviruses is necessary for understanding both current and future threats to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Mull
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (R.J.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Reilly Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (R.J.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian M. Forbes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (R.J.); (K.M.F.)
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12
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Maroli M, Crosignani B, Piña CI, Coelho R, Martínez VP, Gómez Villafañe IE. New data about home range and movements of Oligoryzomys flavescens (Rodentia: Cricetidae) help to understand the spread and transmission of Andes virus that causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome. Zoonoses Public Health 2020; 67:308-317. [PMID: 32034891 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an emerging infectious disease caused by viruses of the genus Orthohantavirus. The rodent Oligoryzomys flavescens is distributed along four countries of South America. In Argentina, O. flavescens acts as a reservoir of three genotypes of ANDV orthohantavirus. The aims of this work were to estimate home range size and movements-with spool-and-line and radiotelemetry-of infected and non-infected O. flavescens in order to understand the spread and transmission of the virus. O. flavescens use a wide area to satisfice its requirements, reaching a home range of 1.82 ha during spring. Orthohantavirus infection did not change the behaviour of individuals. We observed a great overlapping in the home range of infected and non-infected individuals resulting in a high probability of virus dispersion on rodent population. These results show that human health risks could be high on island environments and knowledge about the movement ecology of O. flavescens provides useful information on prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Maroli
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Transferencia Tecnológica a la Producción, Diamante, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Belén Crosignani
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos I Piña
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Transferencia Tecnológica a la Producción, Diamante, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Rocío Coelho
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria P Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Elisa Gómez Villafañe
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Pizarro E, Navarrete M, Mendez C, Zaror L, Mansilla C, Tapia M, Carrasco C, Salazar P, Murua R, Padula P, Otth C, Rodríguez EM. Immunocytochemical and Ultrastructural Evidence Supporting That Andes Hantavirus (ANDV) Is Transmitted Person-to-Person Through the Respiratory and/or Salivary Pathways. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2992. [PMID: 31998273 PMCID: PMC6965362 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In South America Andes hantavirus (ANDV) is hosted by the rodent Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (also known as pygmy rice rat). In humans, ANDV causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), with a fatality rate of about 40%. Epidemiologic and molecular evidence has shown that ANDV can be transmitted from person to person. Sin Nombre hantavirus, occurring in North America, and ANDV are genetically related, and both cause HPS with similar clinical evolution and mortality rate. However, only ANDV is transmitted from person to person. A recent hantavirus outbreak in a small village in Southern Argentine, with 29 HPS cases and 11 deaths has brought to mind that person-to-person transmission continues to be a public health emergency. The present investigation was aimed to understand how does ANDV actually spread between persons. Tissue samples of lung and salivary glands from infected Oligoryzomys longicaudatus and lethal cases of human HPS were investigated by bright field immunocytochemistry, multichannel immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The findings are consistent with ANDV infection and replication in the lung alveolar epithelium and macrophages, and in the secretory cells of the submandibular salivary glands. In the lung of infected Oligoryzomys longicaudatus and human cases HPS, the bulk of immunoreactive hantavirus antigens was localized in epithelial cells of the alveolar walls and macrophages. The ultrastructural study supports that in the lung of HPS patients the virus replicates in the alveolar epithelial cells with virus particles being discharged into the alveolar lumen. Virus-like particles were seen within vacuoles of the lung macrophages. Considering that these macrophages can reach the conductive segments of the airways, their expectoration becomes a deadly bullet for ANDV transmission. In the submandibular glands of infected rodents and HPS cases, ANDV antigens were in capillary endothelium, the secretory cells and filling the lumen of the excretory pathway. It is proposed that in patients with HPS caused by ANDV the alveolar epithelium and macrophages would be the gate for the airway spreading of the virus, while the salivary glands are a target for virus replication and an exit pathway through saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Pizarro
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maritza Navarrete
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Unidad Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Base Valdivia, Servicio de Salud Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Mendez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Zaror
- Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Mansilla
- Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Servicio de Salud Aysén, Hospital Regional de Coyhaique, Aysén, Chile
| | - Mauricio Tapia
- Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Servicio de Salud Aysén, Hospital Regional de Coyhaique, Aysén, Chile
| | - Cristian Carrasco
- Subdepartamento Anatomía Patológica Hospital Base Valdivia Servicio de Salud Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paula Salazar
- Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Roberto Murua
- Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paula Padula
- Servicio Biología Molecular, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Otth
- Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Esteban Martin Rodríguez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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14
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Colunga‐Salas P, Sánchez‐Montes S, Grostieta E, Verde‐Arregoitia LD, Cabrera‐Garrido MY, Becker I, León‐Paniagua L. What do studies in wild mammals tell us about human emerging viral diseases in Mexico? Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:33-45. [PMID: 31461573 PMCID: PMC7168564 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple species of viruses circulate in wild mammals, some of them potentially causing zoonosis. Most of the suspected viral zoonotic diseases affecting human patients remain unidentified with regard to their aetiological agent. The aim of this study is to summarize the state of knowledge of the viral richness associated with wild mammals in Mexico throughout 1900-2018 and their relationship with human cases. We compiled two databases, one of them containing all available published studies on potentially zoonotic viruses in wild mammals and another with human cases related to zoonotic viruses. The database on wild mammals covers the period of 1900-2018; the human case database spans 2000-2013. We calculated the richness of viral potential zoonotic agents and evaluated their geographical distribution. We found 262 records of 42 potential zoonotic viral species associated with 92 wild mammal species in 28 states across Mexico. Records of human viral cases were only found in 29 states, which did not overlap with the reports in wild mammals. We detected 25.6% (42/164) of viral zoonotic agents reported worldwide. This analysis opens a relevant topic of discussion for public health attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Colunga‐Salas
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
- Centro de Medicina TropicalFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Sokani Sánchez‐Montes
- Centro de Medicina TropicalFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Estefania Grostieta
- Centro de Medicina TropicalFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | | | - Martín Y. Cabrera‐Garrido
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina TropicalFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Livia León‐Paniagua
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
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15
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Rubio AV, Fredes F, Simonetti JA. Exotic Pinus radiata Plantations do not Increase Andes Hantavirus Prevalence in Rodents. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:659-670. [PMID: 31654278 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Andes south virus (ANDV) is the etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in Chile and southern Argentina. Farm and forestry workers have been identified as a group at high risk of acquiring HCPS caused by ANDV due to their close exposure to rodents or their secretions in rural areas. Therefore, investigation on the effect of landscape composition on ANDV in wild rodents becomes relevant for disease prevention and control. In this study, we analyzed the influence of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) plantations, an important monoculture in the global forest industry, on small mammal assemblage and on ANDV seroprevalence and abundance of seropositive rodents from central Chile. Small mammals were sampled seasonally during 2 years in native forests, adult pine plantations and young pine plantations. A total of 1630 samples from seven rodent species were analyzed for antibody detection. ANDV seroprevalence and abundance of seropositive rodents were significantly higher in the native forest compared to pine plantations. Furthermore, Monterey pine plantations decrease the abundance and relative abundance of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (the principal reservoir of ANDV) and do not change sex ratio and distribution of age classes of this rodent species, which are variables that are important for ANDV transmission. Our findings indicate that Monterey pine plantations would not pose a higher risk of human exposure to ANDV compared to the temperate native forest. Our results can be useful for hantavirus risks assessment in human-dominated areas where ANDV is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- André V Rubio
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fernando Fredes
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier A Simonetti
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Juan E, Levis S, Pini N, Polop J, Steinmann AR, Provensal MC. Mechanisms of Hantavirus Transmission in Oligoryzomys longicaudatus. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:671-681. [PMID: 31792647 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cricetid rodent Oligoryzomys longicaudatus is the species host of Andes virus (ANDV) which causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern Argentina and Chile. Population density, behavioral interactions, and spacing patterns are factors that affect viral transmission among wild rodents. We predict that the highest prevalence of hantavirus antibody positive would be found among wounded, reproductive males and that, at high population densities, wounded, reproductive males would be dispersers rather than resident individuals. The study was conducted seasonally from October (spring) 2011 to October (spring) 2013 in a shrubland habitat of Cholila, Argentina. During each trapping session, we classified captured O. longicaudatus as resident or disperser individuals, estimated population density, and recorded wounds as an indicator of aggression among individuals. We obtained blood samples from each individual for serological testing. We used generalized linear models to test the statistical significance of association between antibody prevalence, and sex, resident/dispersal status, wounds and trapping session. The highest proportion of seropositive O. longicaudatus individuals was among wounded reproductive males during periods of the greatest population density, and the characteristics of seroconverted individuals support that transmission is horizontal through male intrasexual competition. A positive association between dispersing individuals and hantavirus antibody was detected at high population density. Our study design allowed us to obtain data on a large number of individuals that are seroconverted, enabling a better understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the ANDV host system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Juan
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, CP C1033AAJ, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Noemí Pini
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Jaime Polop
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecología Poblacional y Comportamental (GIEPCO), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente (ICBIA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Agencia Postal N° 3, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea R Steinmann
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecología Poblacional y Comportamental (GIEPCO), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente (ICBIA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Agencia Postal N° 3, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Provensal
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecología Poblacional y Comportamental (GIEPCO), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente (ICBIA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Agencia Postal N° 3, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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17
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Ortiz N, Juan EE, Chiappero MB, Gardenal CN, Provensal MC, Polop JJ, González-Ittig RE. Microgeographic genetic structure of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in periods of different population density. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe long-tailed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) experiences marked population density fluctuations. This species is the major reservoir of the Andes orthohantavirus associated with the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern Argentina, and information on dispersal patterns at different population densities, or differences in dispersal between the sexes during those periods, could contribute to understanding risk of viral transmission among individuals. We examined the spatial genetic structure of O. longicaudatus at a local scale to elucidate how variation in population density influences dispersal patterns. Effective dispersal levels were estimated through spatial genetic autocorrelation (SGA) analyses in periods of different density, and for females and males separately, within an area of 510 × 180 m, using seven microsatellite loci. In autumn (high-intermediate and intermediate densities), SGA was primarily determined by females, which show philopatric behavior in defense of their nests and newborns. In summer (low density), neither sex showed SGA, which could be due to spacing behavior combined with high recruitment rates among adjacent environments. At high-intermediate densities, females remained close to each other, contracting their home ranges. These established individuals would “fence” the area, preventing the immigration of individuals from proximate areas, until population density declines again. We detected differential patterns of effective dispersal for both sexes in different stages of the annual and inter-annual population phases of O. longicaudatus. Since high levels of gene flow were reported for both sexes in summer and for males in all analyzed seasons, the transmission risk of diseases such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome would be high at a local scale.La densidad poblacional del ratón “colilargo” Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) experimenta marcadas fluctuaciones. Esta especie es el principal reservorio del ortohantavirus Andes, asociado con el síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus en el sur de Argentina. El conocimiento sobre los patrones de dispersión a diferentes densidades poblacionales y entre los sexos durante esos períodos, podría contribuir a evaluar el riesgo de transmisión viral entre individuos. Examinamos la estructura genética espacial de O. longicaudatus a escala local para determinar de qué manera las variaciones en la densidad poblacional influyen sobre los patrones de dispersión del roedor. Los niveles de dispersión efectiva se estimaron mediante análisis de autocorrelación genética espacial (AGE) utilizando siete loci de microsatélites, dentro de un área de 510 × 180 m. Los análisis se hicieron en distintos períodos de densidad para la población general y para hembras y machos por separado. En otoño (densidad alta-intermedia e intermedia), la AGE estuvo determinada principalmente por las hembras, lo que podría explicarse por su comportamiento filopátrico en relación a la defensa de sus nidos y crías. En verano (baja densidad), ninguno de los sexos mostró AGE, debido a un comportamiento de espaciamiento combinado con altas tasas de reclutamiento entre ambientes adyacentes con diferentes recursos. A densidades altas-intermedias, las hembras permanecieron cerca una de la otra, contrayendo su área de acción. Estos individuos cercarían el área, evitando la inmigración de individuos de áreas cercanas, hasta que la densidad poblacional disminuya nuevamente. Detectamos patrones diferenciales de dispersión efectiva para ambos sexos en cada una de las fases de densidad poblacional (anual e interanual) de O. longicaudatus. El riesgo de transmisión del síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus sería elevado a escala local, dado que se detectaron altos niveles de flujo génico para ambos sexos en verano y para los machos en todas las estaciones analizadas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ortiz
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ernesto E Juan
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal No. 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina B Chiappero
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina N Gardenal
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Provensal
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal No. 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jaime J Polop
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal No. 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raúl E González-Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
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18
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Torres-Pérez F, Palma RE, Boric-Bargetto D, Vial C, Ferrés M, Vial PA, Martínez-Valdebenito C, Pavletic C, Parra A, Marquet PA, Mertz GJ. A 19 Year Analysis of Small Mammals Associated with Human Hantavirus Cases in Chile. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090848. [PMID: 31547341 PMCID: PMC6784195 DOI: 10.3390/v11090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small mammals present in areas where hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) cases had occurred in central and southern Chile were captured and analyzed to evaluate the abundance of rodents and seroprevalence rates of antibodies to Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV). Sampling areas ranged from the Coquimbo to Aysén regions (30–45° S approx.) regions. Ninety-two sites in peridomestic and countryside areas were evaluated in 19 years of sampling. An antibody against ANDV was detected by strip immunoassay in 58 of 1847 specimens captured using Sherman traps. Of the eleven species of rodents sampled, Abrothrix olivacea, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus and Abrothrix hirta were the most frequently trapped. O. longicaudatus had the highest seropositivity rate, and by logistic regression analysis, O. longicaudatus of at least 60 g had 80% or higher probability to be seropositive. Sex, age and wounds were significantly related to seropositivity only for O. longicaudatus. Across administrative regions, the highest seropositivity was found in the El Maule region (34.8–36.2° S), and the highest number of HCPS cases was registered in the Aysén region. Our results highlight the importance of long term and geographically extended studies, particularly for highly fluctuating pathogens and their reservoirs, to understand the implications of the dynamics and transmission of zoonotic diseases in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torres-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile.
| | - R Eduardo Palma
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Dusan Boric-Bargetto
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile.
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Programa Hantavirus, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile.
| | - Marcela Ferrés
- Laboratorio de Infectología y Virología Molecular, Red Salud UC-Christus, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátricas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Pablo A Vial
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile.
| | - Constanza Martínez-Valdebenito
- Laboratorio de Infectología y Virología Molecular, Red Salud UC-Christus, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátricas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Carlos Pavletic
- Oficina de Zoonosis y Control de Vectores, División de Políticas Publicas Saludables y Promoción, Subsecretaría de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago 8320064, Chile.
| | - Alonso Parra
- Oficina de Zoonosis y Control de Vectores, División de Políticas Publicas Saludables y Promoción, Subsecretaría de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago 8320064, Chile.
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Gregory J Mertz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, New Mexico.
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The Needs for Developing Experiments on Reservoirs in Hantavirus Research: Accomplishments, Challenges and Promises for the Future. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070664. [PMID: 31331096 PMCID: PMC6669540 DOI: 10.3390/v11070664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their large geographic distribution and potential high mortality rates in human infections, hantaviruses constitute a worldwide threat to public health. As such, they have been the subject of a large array of clinical, virological and eco-evolutionary studies. Many experiments have been conducted in vitro or on animal models to identify the mechanisms leading to pathogenesis in humans and to develop treatments of hantavirus diseases. Experimental research has also been dedicated to the understanding of the relationship between hantaviruses and their reservoirs. However, these studies remain too scarce considering the diversity of hantavirus/reservoir pairs identified, and the wide range of issues that need to be addressed. In this review, we present a synthesis of the experimental studies that have been conducted on hantaviruses and their reservoirs. We aim at summarizing the knowledge gathered from this research, and to emphasize the gaps that need to be filled. Despite the many difficulties encountered to carry hantavirus experiments, we advocate for the need of such studies in the future, at the interface of evolutionary ecology and virology. They are critical to address emerging areas of research, including hantavirus evolution and the epidemiological consequences of individual variation in infection outcomes.
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Warner BM, Stein DR, Griffin BD, Tierney K, Leung A, Sloan A, Kobasa D, Poliquin G, Kobinger GP, Safronetz D. Development and Characterization of a Sin Nombre Virus Transmission Model in Peromyscus maniculatus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020183. [PMID: 30795592 PMCID: PMC6409794 DOI: 10.3390/v11020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In North America, Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the main cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe respiratory disease with a fatality rate of 35–40%. SNV is a zoonotic pathogen carried by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and few studies have been performed examining its transmission in deer mouse populations. Studying SNV and other hantaviruses can be difficult due to the need to propagate the virus in vivo for subsequent experiments. We show that when compared with standard intramuscular infection, the intraperitoneal infection of deer mice can be as effective in producing SNV stocks with a high viral RNA copy number, and this method of infection provides a more reproducible infection model. Furthermore, the age and sex of the infected deer mice have little effect on viral replication and shedding. We also describe a reliable model of direct experimental SNV transmission. We examined the transmission of SNV between deer mice and found that direct contact between deer mice is the main driver of SNV transmission rather than exposure to contaminated excreta/secreta, which is thought to be the main driver of transmission of the virus to humans. Furthermore, increases in heat shock responses or testosterone levels in SNV-infected deer mice do not increase the replication, shedding, or rate of transmission. Here, we have demonstrated a model for the transmission of SNV between deer mice, the natural rodent reservoir for the virus. The use of this model will have important implications for further examining SNV transmission and in developing strategies for the prevention of SNV infection in deer mouse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce M Warner
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Derek R Stein
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Bryan D Griffin
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Anders Leung
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Angela Sloan
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Poliquin
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada.
| | - David Safronetz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
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Muschetto E, Cueto GR, Cavia R, Padula PJ, Suárez OV. Long-Term Study of a Hantavirus Reservoir Population in an Urban Protected Area, Argentina. ECOHEALTH 2018; 15:804-814. [PMID: 30128613 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Green spaces in urban areas can play a key role in protecting wildlife. However, the presence of wildlife in urban areas can lead to human health risks. Although the presence of the rodent species Oligoryzomys flavescens (hantavirus reservoir) has been recorded in cities of Argentina, its population dynamics in this type of habitat is still unknown. Here, we evaluated: (1) long-term spatial and temporal patterns of O. flavescens abundance and how these patterns were influenced by weather factors and (2) the seroprevalence of hantavirus and the identity of the viral lineage circulating in the population that inhabits the Costanera Sur Ecological Reserve, a protected area in the city of Buenos Aires. Genetic results confirmed that the pathogenic ANDES Central Lechiguanas virus is present in O. flavescens populations inhabiting this urban reserve. Abundance of O. flavescens showed interannual and seasonal fluctuations, with maximum values in winter and spring and minimum ones in summer and autumn. Summers with the highest abundances of O. flavescens were preceded by warmer winters, while winters with lower abundances were preceded by warmer summers. On the other hand, accumulated precipitations in the previous 6 months positively affected winter abundance. These results could help the authorities in charge of the green spaces of Buenos Aires to identify priority areas and times of the year for the implementation of preventive measures that minimize the contact of rodents with visitors. Such measures could be intensified when winters are warmer than normal, and summers are cooler and wetter than normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Muschetto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, (IEGEBA) UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 (Ciudad Universitaria), PB II, 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gerardo Rubén Cueto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, (IEGEBA) UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 (Ciudad Universitaria), PB II, 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regino Cavia
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, (IEGEBA) UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 (Ciudad Universitaria), PB II, 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Julieta Padula
- CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olga Virginia Suárez
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, (IEGEBA) UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 (Ciudad Universitaria), PB II, 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Garrido JL, Prescott J, Calvo M, Bravo F, Alvarez R, Salas A, Riquelme R, Rioseco ML, Williamson BN, Haddock E, Feldmann H, Barria MI. Two recombinant human monoclonal antibodies that protect against lethal Andes hantavirus infection in vivo. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaat6420. [PMID: 30463919 PMCID: PMC11073648 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Andes hantavirus (ANDV) is an etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe disease characterized by fever, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms that may progress to hypotension, pulmonary failure, and cardiac shock that results in a 25 to 40% case-fatality rate. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine; however, several studies have shown that the generation of neutralizing antibody (Ab) responses strongly correlates with survival from HCPS in humans. In this study, we screened 27 ANDV convalescent HCPS patient sera for their capacity to bind and neutralize ANDV in vitro. One patient who showed high neutralizing titer was selected to isolate ANDV-glycoprotein (GP) Abs. ANDV-GP-specific memory B cells were single cell sorted, and recombinant immunoglobulin G antibodies were cloned and produced. Two monoclonal Abs (mAbs), JL16 and MIB22, potently recognized ANDV-GPs and neutralized ANDV. We examined the post-exposure efficacy of these two mAbs as a monotherapy or in combination therapy in a Syrian hamster model of ANDV-induced HCPS, and both mAbs protected 100% of animals from a lethal challenge dose. These data suggest that monotherapy with mAb JL16 or MIB22, or a cocktail of both, could be an effective post-exposure treatment for patients infected with ANDV-induced HCPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Garrido
- Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
- Ichor Biologics LLC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph Prescott
- Arthropod and Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Comparative Immunology of Risk Group-4 Viruses, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Calvo
- Institute of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Felipe Bravo
- Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
- Ichor Biologics LLC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Alexis Salas
- Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Raul Riquelme
- Hospital Regional Dr. Eduardo Schütz, Puerto Montt 5507798, Chile
| | - Maria L Rioseco
- Hospital Regional Dr. Eduardo Schütz, Puerto Montt 5507798, Chile
| | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Maria I Barria
- Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile.
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Habitat, species richness and hantaviruses of sigmodontine rodents within the Interior Atlantic Forest, Paraguay. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201307. [PMID: 30067840 PMCID: PMC6070238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Four of the nine sigmodontine tribes have species that serve as reservoirs of rodent-borne hantaviruses (RBO-HV), few have been studied in any depth. Several viruses have been associated with human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome often through peridomestic exposure. Jabora (JABV) and Juquitiba (JUQV), harbored by Akodon montensis and Oligoryzomys nigripes, respectively, are endemic and sympatric in the Reserva Natural de Bosque Mbaracayú (RNBM), Paraguay, a protected area of the Interior Atlantic Forest. Rodent communities were surveyed along a 30 km stretch of the RNBM in eight vegetation classifications (Low, High, Bamboo, Riparian and Liana Forests, Bamboo Understory, Cerrado, and Meadow/Grasslands). We collected 417 rodents from which 11 species were identified; Akodon montensis was the predominant species (72%; 95%CI: 64.7%-76.3%), followed by Hylaeamys megacephalus (15% (11.2%-18.2%)) and Oligoryzomys nigripes (9% (6.6%-12.4%)). We examined the statistical associations among habitat (vegetation class) type, rodent species diversity, population structure (age, sex, and weight), and prevalence of RBO-HV antibody and/or viral RNA (Ab/RNA) or characteristic Leishmania tail lesions. Ab/RNA positive rodents were not observed in Cerrado and Low Forest. A. montensis had an overall Ab/RNA prevalence of 7.7% (4.9%-11.3%) and O. nigripes had an overall prevalence of 8.6% (1.8%-23.1%). For A. montensis, the odds of being Ab/RNA positive in High Forest was 3.73 times of the other habitats combined. There was no significant difference among age classes in the proportion of Ab/RNA positive rodents overall (p = 0.66), however, all 11 RNA-positive individuals were adult. Sex and habitat had independent prognostic value for hantaviral Ab/RNA in the study population; age, presence of tail scar/lesion (19% of the rodents) and weight did not. Adjusting for habitat, female rodents had less risk of becoming infected. Importantly, these data suggest habitat preferences of two sympatric rodent reservoirs for two endemic hantaviruses and the importance of including habitat in models of species diversity and habitat fragmentation.
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Astorga F, Escobar LE, Poo-Muñoz D, Escobar-Dodero J, Rojas-Hucks S, Alvarado-Rybak M, Duclos M, Romero-Alvarez D, Molina-Burgos BE, Peñafiel-Ricaurte A, Toro F, Peña-Gómez FT, Peterson AT. Distributional ecology of Andes hantavirus: a macroecological approach. Int J Health Geogr 2018; 17:22. [PMID: 29929522 PMCID: PMC6013855 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-018-0142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an infection endemic in Chile and Argentina, caused by Andes hantavirus (ANDV). The rodent Oligoryzomys longicaudatus is suggested as the main reservoir, although several other species of Sigmodontinae are known hosts of ANDV. Here, we explore potential ANDV transmission risk to humans in southern South America, based on eco-epidemiological associations among: six rodent host species, seropositive rodents, and human HPS cases. METHODS We used ecological niche modeling and macroecological approaches to determine potential geographic distributions and assess environmental similarity among rodents and human HPS cases. RESULTS Highest numbers of rodent species (five) were in Chile between 35° and 41°S latitude. Background similarity tests showed niche similarity in 14 of the 56 possible comparisons: similarity between human HPS cases and the background of all species and seropositive rodents was supported (except for Abrothrix sanborni). Of interest among the results is the likely role of O. longicaudatus, Loxodontomys micropus, Abrothrix olivaceus, and Abrothrix longipilis in HPS transmission to humans. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a role of rodent species' distributions as a risk factor for human HPS at coarse scales, and suggest that the role of the main reservoir (O. longicaudatus) may be supported by the broader rodent host community in some areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Astorga
- Campus Huechuraba, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, 8580745 Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis E. Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Daniela Poo-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquin Escobar-Dodero
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Sylvia Rojas-Hucks
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Alvarado-Rybak
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Melanie Duclos
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Romero-Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - Blanca E. Molina-Burgos
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Frederick Toro
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco T. Peña-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A. Townsend Peterson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
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Juan EE, Provensal MC, Steinmann AR. Space Use and Social Mating System of the Hantavirus Host, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus. ECOHEALTH 2018; 15:96-108. [PMID: 29196828 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-tailed mouse, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae), is the major host of Andes hantavirus, the etiological agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the south of Argentina and Chile. Studying the ecology of this species is necessary to understand how Andes hantavirus is maintained in nature. In this study, we examine the home range size and intra- and intersexual overlap degree of male and female O. longicaudatus in order to elucidate the mating system of this species. To our knowledge, this research provides the first documentation, obtained from a specific design, of spacing and mating systems in this species in Argentina. The study was conducted seasonally from April (autumn) 2012 to October (spring) 2013 in a shrubland habitat of Cholila, Andean region, Argentina. We studied spacing patterns using 59 and 51 home ranges established by adult males and females, respectively, in two 3.24 ha capture-marked and recapture grids. Significant differences between sexes in home range size and overlap degree were found. Male home ranges were always larger than those of females. We observed exclusive space use both among males and females (13.15 ± 18.67, and 3.60 ± 3.43%, respectively). Considering only those males that get access to receptive females (40%), average intersexual overlap value was about 30.82 ± 19.73%. Sexual differences in home range sizes and the spatial avoidance between breeding males, that would reflect intrasexual competition for receptive females, allows us to propose a polygynous mating system for O. longicaudatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto E Juan
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, CP C1033AAJ, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Cecilia Provensal
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N° 3, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea R Steinmann
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, CP C1033AAJ, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N° 3, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Hantaviruses and a neglected environmental determinant. One Health 2018; 5:27-33. [PMID: 29911161 PMCID: PMC6000911 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human pathogenic hantaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fevers with a high rate of fatalities, such as occurs due to the genotypes causing hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome carried by the New World Sigmodontinae and Neotominae rodents. An increasing number of outbreaks and the possibility of cases spreading over international borders have led to greater interest in these viruses and the environmental determinants that facilitate their transmission. Rodents, shrews, moles and bats act as reservoir hosts of hantaviruses, and within the hantavirus transmission flow, the prevalence and distribution of infection in reservoir hosts is influenced by a range of factors. Climate change and landscape alteration affect hantavirus transmission, but the outcomes can differ among different hantaviruses and for the same virus in differentbiomes. However, it is evident that the underlying mechanisms that mediate hantavirus transmission are largely unknown, so that much work remains to be done regarding the transmission dynamics of hantaviruses. Overall, our review highlights the importance of examining interactions over several trophic levels and the underlying mechanisms (density and trait-mediated indirect effects) linking predation risk and hantavirus transmission, to develop an ecological framework to understand disease in natural, preserved and degraded systems.
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Polop F, Levis S, Pini N, Enría D, Polop J, Provensal MC. Factors associated with hantavirus infection in a wild host rodent from Cholila, Chubut Province, Argentina. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Is species richness driving intra- and interspecific interactions and temporal activity overlap of a hantavirus host? An experimental test. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188060. [PMID: 29141047 PMCID: PMC5687724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High species diversity of the potential animal host community for a zoonotic pathogen may reduce pathogen transmission among the most competent host, a phenomenon called the “dilution effect”, but the mechanisms driving this effect have been little studied. One proposed mechanism is “encounter reduction” where host species of low-competency decrease contact rates between infected and susceptible competent hosts, especially in directly transmitted diseases. We conducted an experiment in outdoor enclosures in northwestern Mexico where we manipulated rodent assemblages to assess the effect of species richness on the frequency of intra- and interspecific interactions and activity patterns of a hantavirus reservoir host (North American deermouse; Peromyscus maniculatus). Trials consisted of three treatments of rodent assemblages that differed in species richness, but had equal abundance of deermice; treatment 1 consisted of only deermice, treatment 2 included deermice and one non-competent host species, and treatment 3 included two non-competent host species in addition to deermice. To measure interactions and temporal activity, we strategically deployed foraging stations and infrared cameras. We did not find differences in the frequency of intraspecific interactions of deermice among treatments, but there were significantly more interspecific interactions between deermouse and non-competent hosts in treatment 2 than treatment 3, which is explained by the identity of the non-competent host species. In addition, there were differences in activity patterns between rodent species, and also between deermice from treatment 1 and treatment 2. These results indicate that at least at a small-scale analysis, the co-occurrence with other species in the study area does not influence the frequency of intraspecific interactions of deermice, and that deermice may be changing their activity patterns to avoid a particular non-competent host species (Dipodomys merriami). In conclusion, in this deermouse-hantavirus system a potential dilution effect would not be through intraspecific encounter reduction in the most competent hantavirus host. To identify variables of host assemblages that can influence pathogen transmission, we highlight the need to address the identity of species and the composition of assemblages, not only host species richness or diversity.
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Forbes KM, Sironen T, Plyusnin A. Hantavirus maintenance and transmission in reservoir host populations. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 28:1-6. [PMID: 29024905 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are primarily hosted by mammalian species of the orders Rodentia, Eulipotyphla and Chiroptera. Spillover to humans is common, and understanding hantavirus maintenance and transmission in reservoir host populations is important for efforts to curtail human disease. Recent field research challenges traditional phases of virus shedding kinetics derived from laboratory rodent infection experiments. Organ infection sites in non-rodent hosts suggest similar transmission routes to rodents, but require direct assessment. Further advances have also been made in understanding virus persistence (and fadeouts) in fluctuating host populations, as well as occupational, recreational and environmental risk factors associated with spillover to humans. However, despite relevance for both intra-species and inter-species transmission, our understanding of the longevity of hantaviruses in natural environments remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M Forbes
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland; Centre for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Millennium Science Complex, State College, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Alexander Plyusnin
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
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30
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Ortiz N, Polop FJ, Andreo VC, Provensal MC, Polop JJ, Gardenal CN, González‐Ittig RE. Genetic population structure of the long‐tailed pygmy rice rat (Rodentia, Cricetidae) at different geographic scales in the Argentinean Patagonia. J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ortiz
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - F. J. Polop
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto, Córdoba Argentina
| | - V. C. Andreo
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto, Córdoba Argentina
| | - M. C. Provensal
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto, Córdoba Argentina
| | - J. J. Polop
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto, Córdoba Argentina
| | - C. N. Gardenal
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - R. E. González‐Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
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31
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Souza WMD, Machado AM, Figueiredo LTM. Experimental infection of Rio Mamore hantavirus in Sigmodontinae rodents. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:399-402. [PMID: 27223653 PMCID: PMC4909039 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows an experimental spillover infection of Sigmodontinae rodents with Rio Mamore hantavirus (RIOMV). Necromys lasiurus and Akodon sp were infected with 103 RNA copies of RIOMV by intraperitoneal administration. The viral genome was detected in heart, lung, and kidney tissues 18 days after infection (ai), and viral excretion in urine and faeces began at four and six ai, respectively. These results reveal that urine and faeces of infected rodents contain the virus for at least 18 days. It is possible that inhaled aerosols of these excreta could transmit hantavirus to humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marciel de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Alex Martins Machado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas, MS, Brasil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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32
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Xiao H, Huang R, Gao LD, Huang CR, Lin XL, Li N, Liu HN, Tong SL, Tian HY. Effects of Humidity Variation on the Hantavirus Infection and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Occurrence in Subtropical China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:420-7. [PMID: 26711521 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection rates of rodents have a significant influence on the transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). In this study, four cities and two counties with high HFRS incidence in eastern Hunan Province in China were studied, and surveillance data of rodents, as well as HFRS cases and related environmental variables from 2007 to 2010, were collected. Results indicate that the distribution and infection rates of rodents are closely associated with environmental conditions. Hantavirus infections in rodents were positively correlated with temperature vegetation dryness index and negatively correlated with elevation. The predictive risk maps based on multivariate regression model revealed that the annual variation of infection risks is small, whereas monthly variation is large and corresponded well to the seasonal variation of human HFRS incidence. The identification of risk factors and risk prediction provides decision support for rodent surveillance and the prevention and control of HFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Weizikeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Huang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Weizikeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Dong Gao
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Weizikeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Rui Huang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Weizikeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lin
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Weizikeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Weizikeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ning Liu
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Weizikeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Lu Tong
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Weizikeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huai-Yu Tian
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Weizikeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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33
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Maroli M, Vadell MV, Iglesias A, Padula PJ, Gómez Villafañe IE. Daily Movements and Microhabitat Selection of Hantavirus Reservoirs and Other Sigmodontinae Rodent Species that Inhabit a Protected Natural Area of Argentina. ECOHEALTH 2015; 12:421-431. [PMID: 26063039 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-015-1038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Abundance, distribution, movement patterns, and habitat selection of a reservoir species influence the dispersal of zoonotic pathogens, and hence, the risk for humans. Movements and microhabitat use of rodent species, and their potential role in the transmission of hantavirus were studied in Otamendi Natural Reserve, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Movement estimators and qualitative characteristics of rodent paths were determined by means of a spool and line device method. Sampling was conducted during November and December 2011, and March, April, June, October, and December 2012. Forty-six Oxymycterus rufus, 41 Akodon azarae, 10 Scapteromys aquaticus and 5 Oligoryzomys flavescens were captured. Movement patterns and distances varied according to sex, habitat type, reproductive season, and body size among species. O. flavescens, reservoir of the etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the region, moved short distances, had the most linear paths and did not share paths with other species. A. azarae had an intermediate linearity index, its movements were longer in the highland grassland than in the lowland marsh and the salty grassland, and larger individuals traveled longer distances. O. rufus had the most tortuous paths and the males moved more during the non-breeding season. S. aquaticus movements were associated with habitat type with longer distances traveled in the lowland marsh than in the salty grassland. Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 20% of A. azarae and were not detected in any other species. Seropositive individuals were captured during the breeding season and 85% of them were males. A. azarae moved randomly and shared paths with all the other species, which could promote hantavirus spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Maroli
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción (CICyTTP), CONICET, Dr. Matteri y España, s/n, E3105BWA, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Vadell
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Iglesias
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Av.Velez Sarsfield 563, C1282AFF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Julieta Padula
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Av.Velez Sarsfield 563, C1282AFF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Elisa Gómez Villafañe
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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34
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Rivera PC, González-Ittig RE, Gardenal CN. Preferential host switching and its relation with Hantavirus diversification in South America. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2531-2542. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. Rivera
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raul E. González-Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina N. Gardenal
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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35
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Bellomo CM, Pires-Marczeski FC, Padula PJ. Viral load of patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Argentina. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1823-30. [PMID: 26087934 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hantavirus causes severe illness including pneumonia, which leads to hospitalization and often death. At present, there is no specific treatment available. The hantavirus pathogenesis is not well understood, but most likely both virus-mediated and host-mediated mechanisms, are involved. The aim of this study was to correlate viral load in samples of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases and hantavirus infected individuals, with clinical epidemiological parameters and disease outcome. The variables that could potentially be related with viral load were analyzed. The retrospective study included 73 cases or household contacts, with different clinical evolution. Viral load was measured by reverse-transcription and real time polymerase chain reaction. There was no statistically significant association between blood viral RNA levels and severity of disease. However, viral load was inversely correlated with IgG response in a statistically significant manner. The level of viral RNA was significantly higher in patients infected with Andes virus South lineage, and was markedly low in persons infected with Laguna Negra virus. These results suggest that the infecting viral genotype is associated with disease severity, and that high viral load is associated with a low specific IgG response. Sex, age and disease severity were not related with viral load. Further investigations increasing strikingly the number of cases and also limiting the variables to be studied are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla María Bellomo
- Departamento Virología, Servicio Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas INEI, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fanny Clara Pires-Marczeski
- Departamento Virología, Servicio Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas INEI, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Julieta Padula
- Departamento Virología, Servicio Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas INEI, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
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36
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González‐Ittig RE, Polop FJ, Andreo VC, Chiappero MB, Levis S, Calderón G, Provensal MC, Polop JJ, Gardenal CN. Temporal fine‐scale genetic variation in the zoonosis‐carrying long‐tailed pygmy rice rat in
P
atagonia,
A
rgentina. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. González‐Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal CONICET‐Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - F. J. Polop
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - V. C. Andreo
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - M. B. Chiappero
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal CONICET‐Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - S. Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH) ‘Dr. J. Maiztegui’ Pergamino Argentina
| | - G. Calderón
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH) ‘Dr. J. Maiztegui’ Pergamino Argentina
| | - M. C. Provensal
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - J. J. Polop
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - C. N. Gardenal
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal CONICET‐Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
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37
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Martinez-Valdebenito C, Calvo M, Vial C, Mansilla R, Marco C, Palma RE, Vial PA, Valdivieso F, Mertz G, Ferrés M. Person-to-person household and nosocomial transmission of andes hantavirus, Southern Chile, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1629-36. [PMID: 25272189 PMCID: PMC4193174 DOI: 10.3201/eid2010.140353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Four persons became ill after exposure to a patient infected with the virus; 2 cases involved hospital transmission. Andes hantavirus (ANDV) causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in Chile and is the only hantavirus for which person-to-person transmission has been proven. We describe an outbreak of 5 human cases of ANDV infection in which symptoms developed in 2 household contacts and 2 health care workers after exposure to the index case-patient. Results of an epidemiologic investigation and sequence analysis of the virus isolates support person-to-person transmission of ANDV for the 4 secondary case-patients, including nosocomial transmission for the 2 health care workers. Health care personnel who have direct contact with ANDV case-patients or their body fluids should take precautions to prevent transmission of the virus. In addition, because the incubation period of ANDV after environmental exposure is longer than that for person-to-person exposure, all persons exposed to a confirmed ANDV case-patient or with possible environmental exposure to the virus should be monitored for 42 days for clinical symptoms.
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38
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Serological evidence of hantavirus infection in apparently healthy people from rural and slum communities in southern Chile. Viruses 2015; 7:2006-13. [PMID: 25912713 PMCID: PMC4411687 DOI: 10.3390/v7042006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus disease in America has been recognizable because of its rapid progression in clinical cases, occurrence in previously healthy young adults, and high case fatality rate. Hantavirus disease has been proposed now to define the diversity of clinical manifestations. Since 1995, a total of 902 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome have been reported in Chile, caused by Andes virus (ANDV), with overall fatality of 32%. This report describes the sero-epidemiology of hantavirus in apparently healthy people in rural and urban slum communities from southern Chile. Ten of 934 samples yielded a positive result resulting in a seroprevalence of 1.07% (95% confidence intervals: 0.05%–2.0%). A higher proportion of positive samples was found among individuals from rural villages (1.3%) and slums (1.5%) compared with farms (0.5%). Seropositivity was associated with age (p = 0.011), low education level (p = 0.006) and occupations linked to the household (homemaker, retired, or student) (p = 0.016). No evidence of infection was found in 38 sigmodontinae rodents trapped in the peri-domestic environment. Our findings highlight that exposure risk was associated with less documented risk factors, such as women in slum and rural villages, and the occurrence of infection that may have presented as flu-like illness that did not require medical attention or was misdiagnosed.
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39
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Voutilainen L, Sironen T, Tonteri E, Bäck AT, Razzauti M, Karlsson M, Wahlström M, Niemimaa J, Henttonen H, Lundkvist Å. Life-long shedding of Puumala hantavirus in wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus). J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1238-1247. [PMID: 25701819 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of viral shedding patterns and viraemia in the reservoir host species is a key factor in assessing the human risk of zoonotic viruses. The shedding of hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae) by their host rodents has widely been studied experimentally, but rarely in natural settings. Here we present the dynamics of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) shedding and viraemia in naturally infected wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus). In a monthly capture-mark-recapture study, we analysed 18 bank voles for the presence and relative quantity of PUUV RNA in the excreta and blood from 2 months before up to 8 months after seroconversion. The proportion of animals shedding PUUV RNA in saliva, urine and faeces peaked during the first month after seroconversion, but continued throughout the study period with only a slight decline. The quantity of shed PUUV in reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) positive excreta was constant over time. In blood, PUUV RNA was present for up to 7 months but both the probability of viraemia and the virus load declined with time. Our findings contradict the current view of a decline in virus shedding after the acute phase and a short viraemic period in hantavirus infection - an assumption widely adopted in current epidemiological models. We suggest the life-long shedding as a means of hantaviruses to survive over host population bottlenecks, and to disperse in fragmented habitats where local host and/or virus populations face temporary extinctions. Our results indicate that the kinetics of pathogens in wild hosts may differ considerably from those observed in laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Voutilainen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Elina Tonteri
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Tuiskunen Bäck
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Razzauti
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Vantaa, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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González-Ittig RE, Rivera PC, Levis SC, Calderón GE, Gardenal CN. The molecular phylogenetics of the genusOligoryzomys(Rodentia: Cricetidae) clarifies rodent host-hantavirus associations. Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul E. González-Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Paula C. Rivera
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Silvana C. Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH); Pergamino Argentina
| | - Gladys E. Calderón
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH); Pergamino Argentina
| | - Cristina N. Gardenal
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
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41
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Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of hantavirus-specific antibodies in divergent small mammals. Viruses 2014; 6:2028-37. [PMID: 24806874 PMCID: PMC4036537 DOI: 10.3390/v6052028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the utility of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of hantavirus-specific antibodies from sera of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the principal reservoir of Andes virus (ANDV), using an antigen previously developed for detection of antibodies to Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in sera from Peromyscus maniculatus. The assay uses a protein A/G horseradish peroxidase conjugate and can be performed in as little as 1.5 hours. Serum samples from Oligoryzomys longicaudatus collected in central-south Chile were used and the assay identified several that were antibody positive. This assay can be used for the rapid detection of antibodies to divergent hantaviruses from geographically and phylogenetically distant rodent species.
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Hantavirus reservoirs: current status with an emphasis on data from Brazil. Viruses 2014; 6:1929-73. [PMID: 24784571 PMCID: PMC4036540 DOI: 10.3390/v6051929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the recognition of hantavirus as the agent responsible for haemorrhagic fever in Eurasia in the 1970s and, 20 years later, the descovery of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas, the genus Hantavirus has been continually described throughout the World in a variety of wild animals. The diversity of wild animals infected with hantaviruses has only recently come into focus as a result of expanded wildlife studies. The known reservoirs are more than 80, belonging to 51 species of rodents, 7 bats (order Chiroptera) and 20 shrews and moles (order Soricomorpha). More than 80genetically related viruses have been classified within Hantavirus genus; 25 recognized as human pathogens responsible for a large spectrum of diseases in the Old and New World. In Brazil, where the diversity of mammals and especially rodents is considered one of the largest in the world, 9 hantavirus genotypes have been identified in 12 rodent species belonging to the genus Akodon, Calomys, Holochilus, Oligoryzomys, Oxymycterus, Necromys and Rattus. Considering the increasing number of animals that have been implicated as reservoirs of different hantaviruses, the understanding of this diversity is important for evaluating the risk of distinct hantavirus species as human pathogens.
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Estimating hantavirus risk in southern Argentina: a GIS-based approach combining human cases and host distribution. Viruses 2014; 6:201-22. [PMID: 24424500 PMCID: PMC3917439 DOI: 10.3390/v6010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) approach along with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques to examine the potential distribution of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) caused by Andes virus (ANDV) in southern Argentina and, more precisely, define and estimate the area with the highest infection probability for humans, through the combination with the distribution map for the competent rodent host (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus). Sites with confirmed cases of HPS in the period 1995–2009 were mostly concentrated in a narrow strip (~90 km × 900 km) along the Andes range from northern Neuquén to central Chubut province. This area is characterized by high mean annual precipitation (~1,000 mm on average), but dry summers (less than 100 mm), very low percentages of bare soil (~10% on average) and low temperatures in the coldest month (minimum average temperature −1.5 °C), as compared to the HPS-free areas, features that coincide with sub-Antarctic forests and shrublands (especially those dominated by the invasive plant Rosa rubiginosa), where rodent host abundances and ANDV prevalences are known to be the highest. Through the combination of predictive distribution maps of the reservoir host and disease cases, we found that the area with the highest probability for HPS to occur overlaps only 28% with the most suitable habitat for O. longicaudatus. With this approach, we made a step forward in the understanding of the risk factors that need to be considered in the forecasting and mapping of risk at the regional/national scale. We propose the implementation and use of thematic maps, such as the one built here, as a basic tool allowing public health authorities to focus surveillance efforts and normally scarce resources for prevention and control actions in vast areas like southern Argentina.
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Daud NHA, Kariwa H, Tanikawa Y, Nakamura I, Seto T, Miyashita D, Yoshii K, Nakauchi M, Yoshimatsu K, Arikawa J, Takashima I. Mode of Infection of Hokkaido Virus (GenusHantavirus) among Grey Red-Backed Voles,Myodes rufocanus, in Hokkaido, Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 51:1081-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb04003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hardy Abu Daud
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kariwa
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Yoich Tanikawa
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Takahiro Seto
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyashita
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Mina Nakauchi
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
| | - Jiro Arikawa
- Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
| | - Ikuo Takashima
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
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Andreo V, Provensal C, Levis S, Pini N, Enría D, Polop J. Summer—autumn distribution and abundance of the hantavirus host,Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, in northwestern Chubut, Argentina. J Mammal 2012. [DOI: 10.1644/11-mamm-a-201.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Transmission ecology of Sin Nombre hantavirus in naturally infected North American deermouse populations in outdoor enclosures. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47731. [PMID: 23110096 PMCID: PMC3482230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV), hosted by the North American deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North America. Most transmission studies in the host were conducted under artificial conditions, or extrapolated information from mark-recapture data. Previous studies using experimentally infected deermice were unable to demonstrate SNV transmission. We explored SNV transmission in outdoor enclosures using naturally infected deermice. Deermice acquiring SNV in enclosures had detectable viral RNA in blood throughout the acute phase of infection and acquired significantly more new wounds (indicating aggressive encounters) than uninfected deermice. Naturally-infected wild deermice had a highly variable antibody response to infection, and levels of viral RNA sustained in blood varied as much as 100-fold, even in individuals infected with identical strains of virus. Deermice that infected other susceptible individuals tended to have a higher viral RNA load than those that did not infect other deermice. Our study is a first step in exploring the transmission ecology of SNV infection in deermice and provides new knowledge about the factors contributing to the increase of the prevalence of a zoonotic pathogen in its reservoir host and to changes in the risk of HPS to human populations. The techniques pioneered in this study have implications for a wide range of zoonotic disease studies.
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Saasa N, Sánchez-Hernández C, de Lourdes Romero-Almaraz M, Guerrero-Ibarra E, Almazán-Catalán A, Yoshida H, Miyashita D, Ishizuka M, Sanada T, Seto T, Yoshii K, Ramos C, Yoshimatsu K, Arikawa J, Takashima I, Kariwa H. Ecology of hantaviruses in Mexico: genetic identification of rodent host species and spillover infection. Virus Res 2012; 168:88-96. [PMID: 22750131 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In our recent epidemiological survey conducted in Mexico for hantavirus infection, we identified three distinct viruses circulating in Mexican wild rodents, namely Montano virus (MTNV), Huitzilac virus (HUIV), and Carrizal virus (CARV). To gain a detailed understanding of hantavirus epidemiology and its associated hosts, 410 rodents were captured at eight collecting points in Morelos and Guerrero, Mexico, and examined for hantavirus seroprevalence, the presence of viral RNA, and rodent host species identification using cytochrome b gene sequences. Of the 32 species captured, seven species were positive for hantavirus: Peromyscus beatae (31/127; 24.4%), Reithrodontomys sumichrasti (6/15; 40%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (2/25; 8%), Peromyscus aztecus evides (1/1; 100%), Peromyscus megalops (1/41; 2.4%), Megadontomys thomasi (1/9; 11.1%), and Neotoma picta (1/6; 16.7%), with an overall prevalence of 10.5%; virus genome persisted in the majority of seropositive rodents. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses belonged mainly to the three lineages previously identified. The data showed that MTNV and CARV were primarily carried by P. beatae and R. sumichrasti, respectively. In addition, the data revealed an apparent complex interaction between hantaviruses and their hosts, suggesting active transmission and/or spillover infections within sympatric rodent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngonda Saasa
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18 Nish-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan
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Andreo V, Glass G, Shields T, Provensal C, Polop J. Modeling potential distribution of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the Andes virus (Genus: Hantavirus) reservoir, in Argentina. ECOHEALTH 2011; 8:332-348. [PMID: 22130568 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-011-0719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a model to predict the potential distribution of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the reservoir of Andes virus (Genus: Hantavirus), in Argentina. We developed an extensive database of occurrence records from published studies and our own surveys and compared two methods to model the probability of O. longicaudatus presence; logistic regression and MaxEnt algorithm. The environmental variables used were tree, grass and bare soil cover from MODIS imagery and, altitude and 19 bioclimatic variables from WorldClim database. The models performances were evaluated and compared both by threshold dependent and independent measures. The best models included tree and grass cover, mean diurnal temperature range, and precipitation of the warmest and coldest seasons. The potential distribution maps for O. longicaudatus predicted the highest occurrence probabilities along the Andes range, from 32°S and narrowing southwards. They also predicted high probabilities for the south-central area of Argentina, reaching the Atlantic coast. The Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome cases coincided with mean occurrence probabilities of 95 and 77% for logistic and MaxEnt models, respectively. HPS transmission zones in Argentine Patagonia matched the areas with the highest probability of presence. Therefore, colilargos presence probability may provide an approximate risk of transmission and act as an early tool to guide control and prevention plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Andreo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Torres-Pérez F, Palma RE, Hjelle B, Holmes EC, Cook JA. Spatial but not temporal co-divergence of a virus and its mammalian host. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4109-22. [PMID: 21880089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Co-divergence between host and parasites suggests that evolutionary processes act across similar spatial and temporal scales. Although there has been considerable work on the extent and correlates of co-divergence of RNA viruses and their mammalian hosts, relatively little is known about the extent to which virus evolution is determined by the phylogeographic history of host species. To test hypotheses related to co-divergence across a variety of spatial and temporal scales, we explored phylogenetic signatures in Andes virus (ANDV) sampled from Chile and its host rodent, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus. ANDV showed strong spatial subdivision, a phylogeographic pattern also recovered in the host using both spatial and genealogical approaches, and despite incomplete lineage sorting. Lineage structure in the virus seemed to be a response to current population dynamics in the host at the spatial scale of ecoregions. However, finer scale analyses revealed contrasting patterns of genetic structure across a latitudinal gradient. As predicted by their higher substitution rates, ANDV showed greater genealogical resolution than the rodent, with topological congruence influenced by the degree of lineage sorting within the host. However, despite these major differences in evolutionary dynamics, the geographic structure of host and virus converged across large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torres-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Vadell MV, Bellomo C, San Martín A, Padula P, Gómez Villafañe I. Hantavirus ecology in rodent populations in three protected areas of Argentina. Trop Med Int Health 2011; 16:1342-52. [PMID: 21733047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we identified hantavirus genotypes and their reservoirs and evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of the virus in rodent population in three protected areas of Argentina over 3 years (2007-2010). A total of 837 rodents were captured with an effort of 22 117 trap-nights. We detected the genotype Lechiguanas in Oligoryzomys nigripes and O. flavescens and Pergamino in Akodon azarae. There was no correlation between seroprevalence and trap success of the host. The proportion of seropositive males was significantly higher than the proportion of seropositive females. The total length of seropositives was higher than that of seronegatives in each host species. Seropositive individuals were observed in warm months and not in cold months, which suggests an infection cycle. This investigation confirms that protected areas of central east Argentina are places with a variety of sylvan rodents species associated with different hantavirus genotypes where reservoirs are numerically dominant. Although there was more than one known reservoir of hantavirus, only one species had antibodies in each area. This can be explained because the transmission of the virus does need not only the presence of a rodent species but also a threshold density. Longevity of even a small proportion of the host population in cold months may provide a trans-seasonal mechanism for virus persistence. The seroprevalence detected was higher than the one found before in rodent populations of Argentina, and this explains the appearance of human cases in two of these three areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Vadell
- Lab. de Ecología de Poblaciones, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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