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Singh G, Rana A, Smriti. Decoding antimicrobial resistance: unraveling molecular mechanisms and targeted strategies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:280. [PMID: 38805035 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating innovative approaches for combatting it. This review explores various mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance observed in various strains of bacteria. We examine various strategies, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), novel antimicrobial materials, drug delivery systems, vaccines, antibody therapies, and non-traditional antibiotic treatments. Through a comprehensive literature review, the efficacy and challenges of these strategies are evaluated. Findings reveal the potential of AMPs in combating resistance due to their unique mechanisms and lower propensity for resistance development. Additionally, novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, show promise in enhancing antibiotic efficacy and overcoming resistance mechanisms. Vaccines and antibody therapies offer preventive measures, although challenges exist in their development. Non-traditional antibiotic treatments, including CRISPR-Cas systems, present alternative approaches to combat resistance. Overall, this review underscores the importance of multifaceted strategies and coordinated global efforts to address antimicrobial resistance effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Anita Rana
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Smriti
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India
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2
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Dardelle F, Phelip C, Darabi M, Kondakova T, Warnet X, Combret E, Juranville E, Novikov A, Kerzerho J, Caroff M. Diversity, Complexity, and Specificity of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Structures Impacting Their Detection and Quantification. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3927. [PMID: 38612737 PMCID: PMC11011966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endotoxins are toxic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), extending from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and notorious for their toxicity and deleterious effects. The comparison of different LPSs, isolated from various Gram-negative bacteria, shows a global similar architecture corresponding to a glycolipid lipid A moiety, a core oligosaccharide, and outermost long O-chain polysaccharides with molecular weights from 2 to 20 kDa. LPSs display high diversity and specificity among genera and species, and each bacterium contains a unique set of LPS structures, constituting its protective external barrier. Some LPSs are not toxic due to their particular structures. Different, well-characterized, and highly purified LPSs were used in this work to determine endotoxin detection rules and identify their impact on the host. Endotoxin detection is a major task to ensure the safety of human health, especially in the pharma and food sectors. Here, we describe the impact of different LPS structures obtained under different bacterial growth conditions on selective LPS detection methods such as LAL, HEK-blue TLR-4, LC-MS2, and MALDI-MS. In these various assays, LPSs were shown to respond differently, mainly attributable to their lipid A structures, their fatty acid numbers and chain lengths, the presence of phosphate groups, and their possible substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Dardelle
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Capucine Phelip
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (C.P.); (A.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Maryam Darabi
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Tatiana Kondakova
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Xavier Warnet
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Edyta Combret
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Eugenie Juranville
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
| | - Alexey Novikov
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (C.P.); (A.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Jerome Kerzerho
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (C.P.); (A.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Martine Caroff
- LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (F.D.); (M.D.); (E.J.)
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Bâtiment 440, Université de Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (C.P.); (A.N.); (J.K.)
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3
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Voogdt CGP, Tripathi S, Bassler SO, McKeithen-Mead SA, Guiberson ER, Koumoutsi A, Bravo AM, Buie C, Zimmermann M, Sonnenburg JL, Typas A, Deutschbauer AM, Shiver AL, Huang KC. Randomly barcoded transposon mutant libraries for gut commensals II: Applying libraries for functional genetics. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113519. [PMID: 38142398 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical role of the intestinal microbiota in human health and disease is well recognized. Nevertheless, there are still large gaps in our understanding of the functions and mechanisms encoded in the genomes of most members of the gut microbiota. Genome-scale libraries of transposon mutants are a powerful tool to help us address this gap. Recent advances in barcoded transposon mutagenesis have dramatically lowered the cost of mutant fitness determination in hundreds of in vitro and in vivo experimental conditions. In an accompanying review, we discuss recent advances and caveats for the construction of pooled and arrayed barcoded transposon mutant libraries in human gut commensals. In this review, we discuss how these libraries can be used across a wide range of applications, the technical aspects involved, and expectations for such screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Geert Pieter Voogdt
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Surya Tripathi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stefan Oliver Bassler
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saria A McKeithen-Mead
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emma R Guiberson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra Koumoutsi
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Afonso Martins Bravo
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cullen Buie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Athanasios Typas
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Adam M Deutschbauer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Anthony L Shiver
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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4
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Greenwich JL, Fleming D, Banin E, Häussler S, Kjellerup BV, Sauer K, Visick KL, Fuqua C. The biofilm community resurfaces: new findings and post-pandemic progress. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0016623. [PMID: 37756166 PMCID: PMC10601713 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00166-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ninth American Society for Microbiology Conference on Biofilms was convened in-person on 13-17 November 2022 in Charlotte, NC. As the first of these conferences since prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy among the participants of the conference was clear, and the meeting was a tremendous success. The mixture of >330 oral and poster presentations resoundingly embodied the vitality of biofilm research across a wide range of topics and multiple scientific disciplines. Special activities, including a pre-conference symposium for early career researchers, further enhanced the attendee experience. As a general theme, the conference was deliberately structured to provide high levels of participation and engagement among early career scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Fleming
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ehud Banin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Birthe V. Kjellerup
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Karin Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Karen L. Visick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Clay Fuqua
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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5
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Tan Y, Liu W, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Song K, Cao S, Zhang Y, Song Y, Deng H, Yang R, Du Z. Comparative Lysine Acetylome Analysis of Y. pestis YfiQ/CobB Mutants Reveals that Acetylation of SlyA Lys73 Significantly Promotes Biofilm Formation of Y. pestis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0046023. [PMID: 37458592 PMCID: PMC10433856 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00460-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that protein lysine acetylation is involved in almost every aspect of cellular physiology in bacteria. Yersinia pestis is a flea-borne pathogen responsible for millions of human deaths in three global pandemics. However, the functional role of lysine acetylation in this pathogen remains unclear. Here, we found more acetylated proteins and a higher degree of acetylation in Y. pestis grown under mammalian host (Mh) conditions than under flea vector (Fv) conditions, suggesting that protein acetylation could significantly change during fleabite transmission. Comparative acetylome analysis of mutants of YfiQ and CobB, the major acetyltransferase and deacetylase of Y. pestis, respectively, identified 23 YfiQ-dependent and 315 CobB-dependent acetylated proteins. Further results demonstrated that acetylation of Lys73 of the SlyA protein, a MarR-family transcriptional regulator, inhibits its binding to the promoter of target genes, including hmsT that encodes diguanylate cyclase responsible for the synthesis of c-di-GMP, and significantly enhances biofilm formation of Y. pestis. Our study presents the first extensive acetylome data of Y. pestis and a critical resource for the functional study of lysine acetylation in this pathogen. IMPORTANCE Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague, historically responsible for three global pandemics. The 2017 plague epidemic in Madagascar was a reminder that Y. pestis remains a real threat in many parts of the world. Plague is a zoonotic disease that primarily infects rodents via fleabite, and transmission of Y. pestis from infected fleas to mammals requires rapid adaptive responses to adverse host environments to establish infection. Our study provides the first global profiling of lysine acetylation derived from mass spectrometry analysis in Y. pestis. Our data set can serve as a critical resource for the functional study of lysine acetylation in Y. pestis and provides new molecular insight into the physiological role of lysine acetylation in proteins. More importantly, we found that acetylation of Lys73 of SlyA significantly promotes biofilm formation of Y. pestis, indicating that bacteria can use lysine acetylation to fine-tune the expression of genes to improve adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wanbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Cai Y, Chen Z. Community-specific diffusion characteristics determine resistance of biofilms to oxidative stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2610. [PMID: 36961890 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are multicellular communities with a spatial structure. Different from single-cell scale diffusion in planktonic systems, the diffusion distance becomes the dimension of multicellular clusters in a biofilm. Such differences in diffusion behavior affect the tolerance and response to exogenous stress. Here, we found that at the same doses of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), planktonic Escherichia coli were completely killed within two hours, whereas the biofilm resumed growth in six hours by building a catalase barrier to block H2O2 penetration, despite the growth burden. Unexpectedly, when we changed the carbon source from glucose to glycerol, H2O2 instantly counterintuitively boosted biofilm growth due to supplemental oxygen, which was the growth-limiting factor. We further demonstrated that the energy metabolism modes determined the growth-limiting factor, which then determined the two patterns of biofilms resistances to H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yumin Cai
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315020, China
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7
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Wen S, Yin F, Liu C, Dang Y, Sun D, Li P. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and protein-protein interaction data reveals cadmium stress response in Geobacter sulfurreducens. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:115063. [PMID: 36528045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved several mechanisms to resist Cd toxicity, which are crucial for Cd detoxication and have the potential to be used for bioremediation of Cd. Geobacter species are widely found in anaerobic environments and play important roles in natural biogeochemical cycles. However, the transcriptomic response of Geobacter sulfurreducens under Cd stress have not been fully elucidated. Through integrated analysis of transcriptomic and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, we uncovered a global view of mRNA changes in Cd-induced cellular processes in this study. We identified 182 differentially expressed genes (|log2(fold change)| > 1, adjusted P < 0.05) in G. sulfurreducens exposed to 0.1 mM CdCl2 using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that CdCl2 significantly affected sulfur compound metabolic processes. In addition, through PPI network analysis, hub genes related to molecular chaperones were identified to play important role in Cd stress response. We also identified a Cd-responsive transcriptional regulator ArsR2 (coded by GSU2149) and verified the function of ArsR2-ParsR2 regulatory circuit in Escherichia coli. This study provides new insight into Cd stress response in G. sulfurreducens, and identified a potential sensor element for Cd detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Wen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunmao Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Dang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pengsong Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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8
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Sperandeo P, Martorana AM, Zaccaria M, Polissi A. Targeting the LPS export pathway for the development of novel therapeutics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119406. [PMID: 36473551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid rise of multi-resistant bacteria is a global health threat. This is especially serious for Gram-negative bacteria in which the impermeable outer membrane (OM) acts as a shield against antibiotics. The development of new drugs with novel modes of actions to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens requires the selection of suitable processes to be targeted. The LPS export pathway is an excellent under exploited target for drug development. Indeed, LPS is the major determinant of the OM permeability barrier, and its biogenetic pathway is conserved in most Gram-negatives. Here we describe efforts to identify inhibitors of the multiprotein Lpt system that transports LPS to the cell surface. Despite none of these molecules has been approved for clinical use, they may represent valuable compounds for optimization. Finally, the recent discovery of a link between inhibition of LPS biogenesis and changes in peptidoglycan structure uncovers additional targets to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sperandeo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra M Martorana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Zaccaria
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Polissi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Cai Y, Zeng L, Liu P, Ma LZ, Liu J. A Microfluidic Approach for Quantitative Study of Spatial Heterogeneity in Bacterial Biofilms. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yumin Cai
- Center for Infectious Disease Research School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lingbin Zeng
- Center for Infectious Disease Research School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Luyan Z. Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Center for Infectious Disease Research School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100084 China
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10
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Rathore SS, Cheepurupalli L, Gangwar J, Raman T, Ramakrishnan J. Biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae minimize phagocytosis and cytokine expression by macrophage cell line. AMB Express 2022; 12:122. [PMID: 36121578 PMCID: PMC9485320 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bacteria in biofilm mode are involved in many persistent infections. Owing to its importance in clinical settings, many in vitro and in vivo studies are being conducted to study the structural and functional properties of biofilms, their drug resistant mechanism and the s urvival mechanism of planktonic and biofilm cells. In this regard, there is not sufficient information on the interaction between Klebsiella biofilm and macrophages. In this study, we have attempted to unravel the interaction between Klebsiella biofilm and macrophages in terms of phagocytic response and cytokine expression. In vitro phagocytosis assays were performed for heat inactivated and live biofilms of K. pneumoniae, together with the expression analysis of TLR2, iNOS, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-β1, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, IL-4, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. A phagocytic rate of an average of 15% was observed against both heat inactivated and live biofilms when LPS + IFN-γ activated macrophages were used. This was significantly higher than non-activated macrophages when tested against heat inactivated and live biofilms (average 8%). Heat-inactivated and live biofilms induced similar phagocytic responses and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages, indirectly conveying that macrophage responses are to some extent dependent on the biofilm matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Singh Rathore
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Lalitha Cheepurupalli
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Jaya Gangwar
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, 600004, India.
| | - Jayapradha Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
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11
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Kasthuri T, Swetha TK, Bhaskar JP, Pandian SK. Rapid-killing efficacy substantiates the antiseptic property of the synergistic combination of carvacrol and nerol against nosocomial pathogens. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:590. [PMID: 36053368 PMCID: PMC9438373 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Globally, new classes of synthetic and natural antibiotics and antivirulents have continuously been validated for their potential broad-spectrum antagonistic activity with the aim of identifying an effective active molecule to prevent the spread of infectious agents in both food industry and medical field. In view of this, present study is aimed at evaluating the rapid killing efficacy of bioactive molecules Carvacrol (C) and Nerol (N) through British Standard European Norm 1276: phase2/step1 (EN1276) protocol. Active molecules C and N showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against the test strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus hirae at concentration range of 78.125, 625, 156.25 and 312.5 μg/mL, respectively, for C, and 625 μg/mL for N. Whereas, combinatorial approach showed efficient activity with four times reduced concentration of C and N at 78.125 and 156.25 µg/mL, respectively, against test strains. Further, EN1276 results proved the rapid killing efficacy of test strains in 1 min of contact time with significant (> 5 log) growth reduction at 100X concentration of actives. SEM analysis and reduced concentration of protease, lipids and carbohydrate contents of treated group biofilm components ascertained preformed biofilm disruption potential of C + N on polystyrene and nail surfaces. C + N at synergistic concentration exhibited no adverse effect on HaCaT cells at 78.125 µg/mL (C) + 156.25 µg/mL (N). Taken together, based on the observed experimental results, present study evidence the antiseptic/disinfectant ability of C + N and suggest that the combination can preferentially be used in foam-based hand wash formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathi Kasthuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ruhal R, Kataria R. Biofilm patterns in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126829. [PMID: 34332222 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are attributable to matrix-enclosed aggregates known as biofilms. Biofilms are root cause of industrial biofouling and characterized by antimicrobial resistance during infections. Many biofilm studies examine specific Gram type cultures, whereas nearly all biofilm communities in nature comprise both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Thus, a greater understanding of the conserved themes in biofilm formation is required for common therapeutics. We tried to focus on common components which exist at each stage of biofilm development and regulation. The Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cell wall glyco-polymers of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria seem to play similar roles during initial adhesion. The inhibition of the polymerization of amyloid-like proteins might impact the biofilms of both Gram-type bacteria. Enzymatic degradation of matrix components by glycoside hydrolase and DNase (nuclease) may disrupt both Gram-type biofilms. An additional common feature is the presence of membrane vesicles, and the potential of these vesicles requires further investigation. Genetic regulation by c-di-GMP is prominent in Gram-negative bacteria. However, quorum sensing (QS) may play a common regulation during biofilms dispersal. These studies are significant not only for common therapeutic against mixed biofilms, but for better understanding of bacterial interactions within natural or host infection environment as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Ruhal
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.
| | - Rashmi Kataria
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Pompilio A, Scribano D, Sarshar M, Di Bonaventura G, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C. Gram-Negative Bacteria Holding Together in a Biofilm: The Acinetobacter baumannii Way. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071353. [PMID: 34206680 PMCID: PMC8304980 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a serious public-health problem worldwide. In recent years, the rates of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria associated with biofilm-forming activity have increased worrisomely, particularly among healthcare-associated pathogens. Acinetobacter baumannii is a critically opportunistic pathogen, due to the high rates of antibiotic resistant strains causing healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs). The clinical isolates of A. baumannii can form biofilms on both biotic and abiotic surfaces; hospital settings and medical devices are the ideal environments for A. baumannii biofilms, thereby representing the main source of patient infections. However, the paucity of therapeutic options poses major concerns for human health infections caused by A. baumannii strains. The increasing number of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii biofilm-forming isolates in association with the limited number of biofilm-eradicating treatments intensify the need for effective antibiofilm approaches. This review discusses the mechanisms used by this opportunistic pathogen to form biofilms, describes their clinical impact, and summarizes the current and emerging treatment options available, both to prevent their formation and to disrupt preformed A. baumannii biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Service of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Service of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, IRCCS, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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Barraud N, Létoffé S, Beloin C, Vinh J, Chiappetta G, Ghigo JM. Lifestyle-specific S-nitrosylation of protein cysteine thiols regulates Escherichia coli biofilm formation and resistance to oxidative stress. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:34. [PMID: 33850153 PMCID: PMC8044216 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Communities of bacteria called biofilms are characterized by reduced diffusion, steep oxygen, and redox gradients and specific properties compared to individualized planktonic bacteria. In this study, we investigated whether signaling via nitrosylation of protein cysteine thiols (S-nitrosylation), regulating a wide range of functions in eukaryotes, could also specifically occur in biofilms and contribute to bacterial adaptation to this widespread lifestyle. We used a redox proteomic approach to compare cysteine S-nitrosylation in aerobic and anaerobic biofilm and planktonic Escherichia coli cultures and we identified proteins with biofilm-specific S-nitrosylation status. Using bacterial genetics and various phenotypic screens, we showed that impairing S-nitrosylation in proteins involved in redox homeostasis and amino acid synthesis such as OxyR, KatG, and GltD altered important biofilm properties, including motility, biofilm maturation, or resistance to oxidative stress. Our study therefore revealed that S-nitrosylation constitutes a physiological basis underlying functions critical for E. coli adaptation to the biofilm environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Barraud
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Létoffé
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Beloin
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Vinh
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (SMBP), ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS FRE2032, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Chiappetta
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (SMBP), ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS FRE2032, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, Paris, France.
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15
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Buré C, Le Sénéchal C, Macias L, Tokarski C, Vilain S, Brodbelt JS. Characterization of Isomers of Lipid A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Higher-Energy Collisional Dissociation and Ultraviolet Photodissociation. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4255-4262. [PMID: 33625828 PMCID: PMC8377747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) constitute the outermost layer of Gram-negative bacteria and consequently play an important role in bacterial infections. In order to address public health issues posed by Gram-negative bacteria, it is necessary to elucidate the structure of the molecular actors at the forefront of infections. LPS virulence and toxicity are partially modulated by lipid A, a hydrophobic saccharolipid that anchors LPS to the bacterial outer membrane. Understanding the lipid A structure is inherently intertwined with understanding its role as an endotoxin. Accordingly, several successful strategies incorporating tandem mass spectrometry have been applied toward the structural analysis of lipid A. Herein, a shotgun HCD strategy was applied toward the characterization of the lipid A profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. This analysis was enhanced by the development of an LC-MS/MS approach to eliminate isomeric signals in the MS/MS spectra that confounded characterization. Importantly, combining reverse phase chromatography with HCD and ultraviolet photodissociation analyses of the lipid A profile revealed the presence of previously unreported lipid A acyl chain positional isomers. Altogether, these strategies provide the most in-depth structural and molecular characterization of PAO1 lipid A to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Buré
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, UMR 5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux, Pessac F-33076, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Caroline Le Sénéchal
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, UMR 5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux, Pessac F-33076, France
| | - Luis Macias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, UMR 5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux, Pessac F-33076, France
| | - Sébastien Vilain
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, UMR 5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux, Pessac F-33076, France
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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16
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Seyedtaghiya MH, Fasaei BN, Peighambari SM. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of Satureja hortensis essential oil against Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from poultry. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:74-80. [PMID: 33889365 PMCID: PMC8043823 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i1.5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Escherichia coli and some Salmonella serovars cause various disease manifestations in poultry leading to significant economic losses. The widespread and imprudent use of antibacterial agents in poultry flocks have increased resistant to many antibacterial agents which has become a major public health concern. Some medicinal plants may be alternative to antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of summer savory essential oil against E. coli and Salmonella isolated from poultry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oil was extracted using a Clevenger apparatus and subsequently its compounds were determined using GC-MS. Antibacterial properties of essential oil were determined by disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). To evaluate the anti-biofilm properties the Microtiter plate test was used. Herbal essential oil was extracted and its compounds were identified correctly. RESULTS The major components of Satureja hortensis essential oil were thymol (41.28%), γ-terpinene (37.63%), p-cymene (12.2%) and α-terpinene (3.52%). The inhibition zone diameter in the disc diffusion test for E. coli and Salmonella were 32 ± 3 and 38 ± 4 mm, respectively, which was confirmed by MIC and MBC values. Regarding anti-biofilm activity, the MIC/2 concentration of S. hortensis significantly inhibited biofilm formation of E. coli. However, inhibition of biofilm formation of Salmonella was shown at concentration of MIC/2 and MIC/4. CONCLUSION Based on our results, S. hortensis essential oil showed the growth inhibition and bactericidal activity against E. coli and Salmonella. Moreover, this study demonstrated anti-biofilm activity of S. hortensis essential against both tested bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahar Nayeri Fasaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Li H, Wang Y, Chen Q, Xia X, Shen J, Wang Y, Shao B. Identification of Functional Interactome of Colistin Resistance Protein MCR-1 in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:583185. [PMID: 33569043 PMCID: PMC7868338 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and worldwide dissemination of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has attracted global attention. The MCR-1 enzyme mediated colistin resistance by catalyzing phosphoethanolamine (PEA) transfer onto bacterial lipid A. However, the interaction partners of MCR-1 located in membrane protein in E. coli are unknown. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Mass Spectrometry were performed to define the interacting proteins of MCR-1. A total of three different anti-MCR-1 monoclonal antibody (mAbs) were prepared and 3G4 mAb was selected as the bait protein by compared their suitability for Co-IP. We identified 53, 13, and 14 interacting proteins in E. coli BL21 (DE3) (pET28a-mcr-1), E. coli BL21 (DE3) (pET28a-mcr-1-200), and E. coli DH5α (pUC19-mcr-1), respectively. Six proteins, including the stress response proteins DnaK (chaperone protein) and SspB (stringent starvation protein B), the transcriptional regulation protein H-NS, and ribosomal proteins (RpsE, RpsJ, and RpsP) were identified in all these three strains. These MCR-1-interacting proteins were mainly involved in ribosome and RNA degradation, suggesting that MCR-1 influences the protein biosynthesis through the interaction with ribosomal protein. Multidrug efflux pump AcrA and TolC were important interacting membrane proteins of MCR-1 referred to drug efflux during the PEA modification of the bacterial cell membrane. Overall, we firstly identified the functional interactome profile of MCR-1 in E. coli and discovered that two-component AcrA-TolC multidrug efflux pump was involved in mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Immunomodulatory effects of colistin on host responses against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106182. [PMID: 33045355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colistin (CST) is a last-resort therapeutic option for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp) infections in critically ill patients. The effect of subinhibitory CST concentrations (sub-MICs) on biofilm formation is organism-dependent. We investigated the interactions between CST and innate immune cells against CR-Kp biofilms (CR-KpBF) by studying the effect of biofilm sub-MICs of CST on (i) damage induced by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) on CR-KpBF and (ii) the immunomodulatory potential on human mononuclear cells (MNCs) exposed to CR-KpBF. The impact of CST on PMN-induced biofilm damage was assessed by XTT reduction assay. Signal transduction and gene expression profiles in response to CST sub-MICs of MNCs exposed to CR-KpBF were studied by RT-PCR and multiplex ELISA. Pre-exposure of CR-Kp to 0.06 mg/L CST led to subsequent increased PMN-mediated biofilm damage against CR-KpBF in the presence of CST biofilm sub-MICs: there was an additive effect at 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/L. However, the overall biofilm damage was not >52%. MNCs responded to CR-KpBF through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) by 2.5-fold upregulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CR-KpBF stimulated increased production of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), IL-8 and IL-6. In the combination treatment, 0.5 mg/L CST reduced IL-1β, TNFα and IL-8 levels, whereas at 2 mg/L and 8 mg/L it increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P < 0.05). Biofilm sub-MICs of CST enhance PMN killing capacity and attenuate production of inflammatory cytokines by MNCs exposed to CR-KpBF, playing a potentially important immunotherapeutic role especially for patients with cytokine deregulation.
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19
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Early evolutionary loss of the lipid A modifying enzyme PagP resulting in innate immune evasion in Yersinia pestis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22984-22991. [PMID: 32868431 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917504117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion through membrane remodeling is a hallmark of Yersinia pestis pathogenesis. Yersinia remodels its membrane during its life cycle as it alternates between mammalian hosts (37 °C) and ambient (21 °C to 26 °C) temperatures of the arthropod transmission vector or external environment. This shift in growth temperature induces changes in number and length of acyl groups on the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the enteric pathogens Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Ypt) and Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye), as well as the causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis (Yp). Addition of a C16 fatty acid (palmitate) to lipid A by the outer membrane acyltransferase enzyme PagP occurs in immunostimulatory Ypt and Ye strains, but not in immune-evasive Yp Analysis of Yp pagP gene sequences identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism that results in a premature stop in translation, yielding a truncated, nonfunctional enzyme. Upon repair of this polymorphism to the sequence present in Ypt and Ye, lipid A isolated from a Yp pagP+ strain synthesized two structures with the C16 fatty acids located in acyloxyacyl linkage at the 2' and 3' positions of the diglucosamine backbone. Structural modifications were confirmed by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. With the genotypic restoration of PagP enzymatic activity in Yp, a significant increase in lipid A endotoxicity mediated through the MyD88 and TRIF/TRAM arms of the TLR4-signaling pathway was observed. Discovery and repair of an evolutionarily lost lipid A modifying enzyme provides evidence of lipid A as a crucial determinant in Yp infectivity, pathogenesis, and host innate immune evasion.
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20
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Bartoli J, Viala JP, Bouveret E. SlyA Transcriptional Regulator Is Not Directly Affected by ppGpp Levels. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1856. [PMID: 32849447 PMCID: PMC7417354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SlyA transcriptional regulator controls the expression of genes involved in virulence and production of surface components in S. Typhimurium and E. coli. Its mode of action is mainly explained by its antagonism with the H-NS repressor for the same DNA binding regions. Interestingly, it has been reported that the alarmone ppGpp promotes SlyA dimerization and DNA binding at the promoter of pagC, enhancing the expression of this gene in Salmonella. A recurring problem in the field of stringent response has been to find a way of following ppGpp levels in vivo in real time. We thought that SlyA, as a ppGpp responsive ligand, was a perfect candidate for the development of a specific ppGpp biosensor. Therefore, we decided to characterize in depth this SlyA control by ppGpp. However, using various genes whose expression is activated by SlyA, as reporters, we showed that ppGpp does not affect SlyA regulation in vivo. In addition, modulating ppGpp levels did not affect SlyA dimerization in vivo, and did not impact its binding to DNA in vitro. We finally showed that ppGpp is required for the expression of hlyE in E. coli, a gene also activated by SlyA, and propose that both regulators are independently required for hlyE expression. The initial report of ppGpp action on SlyA might be explained by a similar action of SlyA and ppGpp on pagC expression, and the complexity of promoters controlled by several global regulators, such as the promoters of pagC in Salmonella or hlyE in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bartoli
- LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Pamela Viala
- LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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21
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Yin Q, Wu S, Wu L, Wang Z, Mu Y, Zhang R, Dong C, Zhou B, Zhao B, Zheng J, Sun Y, Cheng X, Yang L. A novel in silico antimicrobial peptide DP7 combats MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related biofilm infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:3248-3259. [PMID: 32737484 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial peptides are promising alternative antimicrobial agents to combat MDR. DP7, an antimicrobial peptide designed in silico, possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and immunomodulatory effects. However, the effects of DP7 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biofilm infection remain largely unexplored.
Objectives
To assess (i) the antimicrobial activity of DP7 against MDR P. aeruginosa; and (ii) the antibiofilm activity against biofilm infection. Also, to preliminarily investigate the possible antimicrobial mode of action.
Methods
The MICs of DP7 for 104 clinical P. aeruginosa strains (including 57 MDR strains) and the antibiofilm activity were determined. RNA-Seq, genome sequencing and cell morphology were conducted. Both acute and chronic biofilm infection mouse models were established. Two mutants, resulting from point mutations associated with LPS and biofilms, were constructed to investigate the potential mode of action.
Results
DP7, at 8–32 mg/L, inhibited the growth of clinical P. aeruginosa strains and, at 64 mg/L, reduced biofilm formation by 43% to 68% in vitro. In acute lung infection, 0.5 mg/kg DP7 exhibited a 70% protection rate and reduced bacterial colonization by 50% in chronic infection. DP7 mainly suppressed gene expression involving LPS and outer membrane proteins and disrupted cell wall structure. Genome sequencing of the DP7-resistant strain DP7R revealed four SNPs controlling LPS and biofilm production. gshA44 and wbpJ139 mutants displayed LPS reduction and motility deficiency, conferring the reduction of LPS and biofilm biomass of strain DP7R and indicating that LPS was a potential target of DP7.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate that DP7 may hold potential as an effective antimicrobial agent against MDR P. aeruginosa and related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan Section, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yandong Mu
- Stomatology Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Zheng
- Stomatology Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Vargas-Straube MJ, Beard S, Norambuena R, Paradela A, Vera M, Jerez CA. High copper concentration reduces biofilm formation in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans by decreasing production of extracellular polymeric substances and its adherence to elemental sulfur. J Proteomics 2020; 225:103874. [PMID: 32569817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an acidophilic bacterium able to grow in environments with high concentrations of metals. It is a chemolithoautotroph able to form biofilms on the surface of solid minerals to obtain its energy. The response of both planktonic and sessile cells of A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 grown in elemental sulfur and adapted to high copper concentration was analyzed by quantitative proteomics. It was found that 137 proteins varied their abundance when comparing both lifestyles. Copper effllux proteins, some subunits of the ATP synthase complex, porins, and proteins involved in cell wall modification increased their abundance in copper-adapted sessile lifestyle cells. On the other hand, planktonic copper-adapted cells showed increased levels of proteins such as: cupreredoxins involved in copper cell sequestration, some proteins related to sulfur metabolism, those involved in biosynthesis and transport of lipopolysaccharides, and in assembly of type IV pili. During copper adaptation a decreased formation of biofilms was measured as determined by epifluorescence microscopy. This was apparently due not only to a diminished number of sessile cells but also to their exopolysaccharides production. This is the first study showing that copper, a prevalent metal in biomining environments causes dispersion of A. ferrooxidans biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE: Copper is a metal frequently found in high concentrations at mining environments inhabitated by acidophilic microorganisms. Copper resistance determinants of A. ferrooxidans have been previously studied in planktonic cells. Although biofilms are recurrent in these types of environments, the effect of copper on their formation has not been studied so far. The results obtained indicate that high concentrations of copper reduce the capacity of A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 to form biofilms on sulfur. These findings may be relevant to consider for a bacterium widely used in copper bioleaching processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Vargas-Straube
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Beard
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Norambuena
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Paradela
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Biotechnology Center, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Vera
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Jerez
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile..
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Mcilwaine C, Strachan A, Harrington Z, Jerreat M, Belfield LA, Sandor V, Foey A, Zaric S. Comparative analysis of total salivary lipopolysaccharide chemical and biological properties with periodontal status. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104633. [PMID: 31855745 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical manifestations of Gram-negative bacteria mediated diseases can be influenced by how the host senses their major microbe-associated molecular pattern, the cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Keystone periodontal pathogens can produce a heterogeneous population of LPS molecules, with strikingly different host-microbiome interactions and immune outcomes. DESIGN Structure-function correlations of salivary LPS extracts in patients with periodontitis before and after periodontal treatment and healthy volunteers were analysed by comparing its lipid A and carbohydrate chain chemical structure and evaluating its endotoxin activity and inflammatory potential. RESULTS Salivary LPS extracts from periodontitis patients were characterised by high m/z lipid A mass-spectrometry peaks, corresponding to over-acylated and phosphorylated lipid A ions and by a combination of rough and smooth LPS carbohydrate moieties. In contrast, gingival health was defined by the predominance of low m/z lipid A peaks, consistent with under-acylated and hypo-phosphorylated lipid A molecular signatures, with long and intermediate carbohydrate chains as determined by silver staining. Total, diseased salivary LPS extracts were stronger inducers of the recombinant factor C assay and triggered significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-8 and IP-10 production in THP-1 cells, compared to almost immunosilent healthy samples. Interestingly, salivary LPS architecture, endotoxin activity, and inflammatory potential were well conserved after periodontal therapy and showed similarities to diseased samples. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds new light on molecular pathogenic mechanisms of oral dysbiotic communities and indicates that the regulation of LPS chemical structure is an important mechanism that drives oral bacteria-host immune system interactions into either a symbiotic or pathogenic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Mcilwaine
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Strachan
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Harrington
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Jerreat
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Belfield
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Viktor Sandor
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Institute of Bioanalysis, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrew Foey
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Svetislav Zaric
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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24
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Pousti M, Lefèvre T, Amirdehi MA, Greener J. A surface spectroscopy study of a Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm in the presence of an immobilized air bubble. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 222:117163. [PMID: 31177008 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A linear spectral mapping technique was applied to monitor the growth of biomolecular absorption bands at the bio-interface of a nascent Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm during and after interaction with a surface-adhered air bubble. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra were obtained in different locations in a microchannel with adequate spatial and temporal resolution to study the effect of a static bubble on the evolution of protein and lipid signals at the ATR crystal surface. The results reveal that the presence of a bubble during the lag phase modified levels of extracellular lipids and affected a surface restructuring process, many hours after the bubble's disappearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pousti
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Canada; Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels (CQMF), Canada
| | - T Lefèvre
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Canada; Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels (CQMF), Canada
| | - M Abbaszadeh Amirdehi
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - J Greener
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec, centre de recherche, Université Laval, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Canada; Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels (CQMF), Canada.
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25
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Regulation of waaH by PhoB during P i Starvation Promotes Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00093-19. [PMID: 31262835 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00093-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In open environments such as water, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 responds to inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation by inducing the Pho regulon controlled by PhoB. This activates the phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system that contains a high-affinity Pi transporter. In the Δpst mutant, PhoB is constitutively activated and regulates the expression of genes in the Pho regulon. Here, we show that Pi starvation and deletion of the pst system enhance E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation. Among differentially expressed genes of EDL933 grown under Pi starvation conditions and in the Δpst mutant, we have found that a member of the PhoB regulon, waaH, predicted to encode a glycosyltransferase, was highly expressed. Interestingly, WaaH contributed to biofilm formation of E. coli O157:H7 during both Pi starvation and in the Δpst mutant. In the Δpst mutant, the presence of waaH was associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) R3 core type modifications, whereas in E. coli O157:H7, waaH overexpression had no effect on LPS structure during Pi starvation. Therefore, waaH participates in E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation during Pi starvation, but its biochemical role remains to be clarified. This study highlights the importance of the Pi starvation stress response to biofilm formation, which may contribute to the persistence of E. coli O157:H7 in the environment.IMPORTANCE Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a human pathogen that causes bloody diarrhea that can result in renal failure. Outside of mammalian hosts, E. coli O157:H7 survives for extended periods of time in nutrient-poor environments, likely as part of biofilms. In E. coli K-12, the levels of free extracellular Pi affect biofilm formation; however, it was unknown whether Pi influences biofilm formation by E. coli O157:H7. Our results show that upon Pi starvation, PhoB activates waaH expression, which favors biofilm formation by E. coli O157:H7. These findings suggest that WaaH is a target for controlling biofilm formation. Altogether, our work demonstrates how adaptation to Pi starvation allows E. coli O157:H7 to occupy different ecological niches.
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26
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Tierney AR, Rather PN. Roles of two-component regulatory systems in antibiotic resistance. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:533-552. [PMID: 31066586 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) are a major mechanism by which bacteria sense and respond to changes in their environment. TCSs typically consist of two proteins that bring about major regulation of the cell genome through coordinated action mediated by phosphorylation. Environmental conditions that activate TCSs are numerous and diverse and include exposure to antibiotics as well as conditions inside a host. The resulting regulatory action often involves activation of antibiotic defenses and changes to cell physiology that increase antibiotic resistance. Examples of resistance mechanisms enacted by TCSs contained in this review span those found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species and include cell surface modifications, changes in cell permeability, increased biofilm formation, and upregulation of antibiotic-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Rp Tierney
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Philip N Rather
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA.,Research Service, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033 USA
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27
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Kregiel D, Rygala A, Kolesinska B, Nowacka M, Herc AS, Kowalewska A. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm N-acetyl-L-cysteine Grafted Siloxane Polymers with Potential for Use in Water Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2011. [PMID: 31022884 PMCID: PMC6515369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiofilm strategies may be based on the prevention of initial bacterial adhesion, the inhibition of biofilm maturation or biofilm eradication. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), widely used in medical treatments, offers an interesting approach to biofilm destruction. However, many Eubacteria strains are able to enzymatically decompose the NAC molecule. This is the first report on the action of two hybrid materials, NAC-Si-1 and NAC-Si-2, against bacteria isolated from a water environment: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter soli, Janthinobacterium lividum and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The NAC was grafted onto functional siloxane polymers to reduce its availability to bacterial enzymes. The results confirm the bioactivity of NAC. However, the final effect of its action was environment- and strain-dependent. Moreover, all the tested bacterial strains showed the ability to degrade NAC by various metabolic routes. The NAC polymers were less effective bacterial inhibitors than NAC, but more effective at eradicating mature bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kregiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Rygala
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Kolesinska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Maria Nowacka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agata S Herc
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Kowalewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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28
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Coordinated Hibernation of Transcriptional and Translational Apparatus during Growth Transition of Escherichia coli to Stationary Phase. mSystems 2018; 3:mSystems00057-18. [PMID: 30225374 PMCID: PMC6134199 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00057-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the growth transition of E. coli from exponential phase to stationary, the genome expression pattern is altered markedly. For this alteration, the transcription apparatus is altered by binding of anti-sigma factor Rsd to the RpoD sigma factor for sigma factor replacement, while the translation machinery is modulated by binding of RMF to 70S ribosome to form inactive ribosome dimer. Using the PS-TF screening system, a number of TFs were found to bind to both the rsd and rmf promoters, of which the regulatory roles of 5 representative TFs (one repressor ArcA and the four activators McbR, RcdA, SdiA, and SlyA) were analyzed in detail. The results altogether indicated the involvement of a common set of TFs, each sensing a specific environmental condition, in coordinated hibernation of the transcriptional and translational apparatus for adaptation and survival under stress conditions. In the process of Escherichia coli K-12 growth from exponential phase to stationary, marked alteration takes place in the pattern of overall genome expression through modulation of both parts of the transcriptional and translational apparatus. In transcription, the sigma subunit with promoter recognition properties is replaced from the growth-related factor RpoD by the stationary-phase-specific factor RpoS. The unused RpoD is stored by binding with the anti-sigma factor Rsd. In translation, the functional 70S ribosome is converted to inactive 100S dimers through binding with the ribosome modulation factor (RMF). Up to the present time, the regulatory mechanisms of expression of these two critical proteins, Rsd and RMF, have remained totally unsolved. In this study, attempts were made to identify the whole set of transcription factors involved in transcription regulation of the rsd and rmf genes using the newly developed promoter-specific transcription factor (PS-TF) screening system. In the first screening, 74 candidate TFs with binding activity to both of the rsd and rmf promoters were selected from a total of 194 purified TFs. After 6 cycles of screening, we selected 5 stress response TFs, ArcA, McbR, RcdA, SdiA, and SlyA, for detailed analysis in vitro and in vivo of their regulatory roles. Results indicated that both rsd and rmf promoters are repressed by ArcA and activated by McbR, RcdA, SdiA, and SlyA. We propose the involvement of a number of TFs in simultaneous and coordinated regulation of the transcriptional and translational apparatus. By using genomic SELEX (gSELEX) screening, each of the five TFs was found to regulate not only the rsd and rmf genes but also a variety of genes for growth and survival. IMPORTANCE During the growth transition of E. coli from exponential phase to stationary, the genome expression pattern is altered markedly. For this alteration, the transcription apparatus is altered by binding of anti-sigma factor Rsd to the RpoD sigma factor for sigma factor replacement, while the translation machinery is modulated by binding of RMF to 70S ribosome to form inactive ribosome dimer. Using the PS-TF screening system, a number of TFs were found to bind to both the rsd and rmf promoters, of which the regulatory roles of 5 representative TFs (one repressor ArcA and the four activators McbR, RcdA, SdiA, and SlyA) were analyzed in detail. The results altogether indicated the involvement of a common set of TFs, each sensing a specific environmental condition, in coordinated hibernation of the transcriptional and translational apparatus for adaptation and survival under stress conditions.
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29
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Abstract
Biofilms are often described as protective shelters that preserve bacteria from hostile surroundings. However, biofilm bacteria are also exposed to various stresses and need to adjust to the heterogeneous physicochemical conditions prevailing within biofilms. In Gram-negative bacteria, such adaptations can result in modifications of the lipopolysaccharide, a major component of the outer membrane characterized by a highly dynamic structure responding to environmental changes. We previously showed that Gram-negative biofilm bacteria undergo an increase in lipid A palmitoylation mediated by the PagP enzyme, contributing to increased resistance to host defenses. Here we describe a regulatory pathway leading to transcriptional induction of pagP in response to specific conditions created in the biofilm environment. We show that pagP expression is induced via the Rcs envelope stress system independently of the Rcs phosphorelay cascade and that it requires the GadE auxiliary regulator. Moreover, we identify an increase in osmolarity (i.e., ionic stress) as a signal able to induce pagP expression in an RcsB-dependent manner. Consistently, we show that the biofilm is a hyperosmolar environment and that RcsB-dependent pagP induction can be dampened in the presence of an osmoprotectant. These results provide new insights into the adaptive mechanisms of bacterial differentiation in biofilm.IMPORTANCE The development of the dense bacterial communities called biofilms creates a highly heterogeneous environment in which bacteria are subjected to a variety of physicochemical stresses. We investigated the mechanisms of a widespread and biofilm-associated chemical modification of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of all Gram-negative bacterial outer membranes. This modification corresponds to the incorporation, mediated by the enzyme PagP, of a palmitate chain into lipid A (palmitoylation) that reduces bacterial recognition by host immune responses. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that a significant part of biofilm-associated lipid A palmitoylation is triggered upon induction of pagP transcription by the hyperosmolar biofilm environment. pagP induction is regulated by RcsB, the response regulator of the Rcs stress response pathway, and is not observed under planktonic conditions. Our report provides new insights into how physiological adaptations to local biofilm microenvironments can contribute to decreases in susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and host immune defenses.
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30
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Zhang B, Sun X, Fan H, He K, Zhang X. The Fimbrial Gene z3276 in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Contributes to Bacterial Pathogenicity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1628. [PMID: 30072979 PMCID: PMC6060243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance that causes foodborne infections in humans. It is not capable of expressing type I fimbrial because of base deletion in the fim operon. BLAST analysis shows that the open reading frame z3276, a specific genetic marker of EHEC O157:H7, encodes a sequence with high amino acid identity to other E. coli type I fimbrial, but its definitive function in EHEC O157:H7 remains unclear. We are here to report that a z3276 mutant (Δz3276) was constructed using the reference EHEC O157:H7, the mutant Δz3276 was biologically characterized, and the pathogenicity of Δz3276 was assessed in mice in comparison with the wild-type (WT) strain. Motility and biofilm formation assays revealed a smaller twitching motility zone for Δz3276 on the agar surface and significantly decreased biofilm formation by Δz3276 compared with the parental strain. The adhesion and invasion ability of Δz3276 to HEp-2 cells showed no significant change, but the invasion ability of Δz3276 to IPEC-J2 cells was attenuated. Furthermore, in the animal study, we observed shortened and lower fecal shedding among the Δz3276 mutant-infected animals compared with those infected WT strain. The data in this study indicate that this unique gene of z3276 in EHEC O157:H7 seems to play an important role in bacterial pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kongwang He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuehan Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Nanjing, China.,National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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31
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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32
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Nandhini G, Suriyaprabha R, Maria Sheela Pauline W, Rajendran V, Aicher WK, Awitor OK. Influence of solvents on the changes in structure, purity, and in vitro characteristics of green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles from Costus igneus. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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33
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Segev-Zarko LA, Kapach G, Josten M, Klug YA, Sahl HG, Shai Y. Deficient Lipid A Remodeling by the arnB Gene Promotes Biofilm Formation in Antimicrobial Peptide Susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemistry 2018. [PMID: 29518324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant bacteria possess various mechanisms that can sense environmental stresses such as antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides and rapidly respond to defend themselves. Two known defense strategies are biofilm formation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification. Though LPS modifications are observed in biofilm-embedded bacteria, their effect on biofilm formation is unknown. Using biochemical and biophysical methods coupled with confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, we show that biofilm formation is promoted in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain with a loss of function mutation in the arnB gene. This loss of function prevents the addition of the positively charged sugar 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose to lipid A of LPS under restrictive magnesium conditions. The data reveal that the arnB mutant, which is susceptible to antimicrobial peptides, forms a biofilm that is more robust than that of the wild type. This is in line with the observations that the arnB mutant exhibits outer surface properties such as hydrophobicity and net negative charge that promote the formation of biofilms. Moreover, when grown under Mg2+ limitation, both the wild type and the arnB mutant exhibited a reduction in the level of membrane-bound polysaccharides. The data suggest that the loss of polysaccharides exposes the membrane and alters its biophysical properties, which in turn leads to more biofilm formation. In summary, we show for the first time that blocking a specific lipid A modification promotes biofilm formation, suggesting a trade-off between LPS remodeling and resistance mechanisms of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Av Segev-Zarko
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Gal Kapach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Michaele Josten
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Yoel Alexander Klug
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Hans-Georg Sahl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
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34
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Benforte FC, Colonnella MA, Ricardi MM, Solar Venero EC, Lizarraga L, López NI, Tribelli PM. Novel role of the LPS core glycosyltransferase WapH for cold adaptation in the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas extremaustralis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192559. [PMID: 29415056 PMCID: PMC5802925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychrotroph microorganisms have developed cellular mechanisms to cope with cold stress. Cell envelopes are key components for bacterial survival. Outer membrane is a constituent of Gram negative bacterial envelopes, consisting of several components, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In this work we investigated the relevance of envelope characteristics for cold adaptation in the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas extremaustralis by analyzing a mini Tn5 wapH mutant strain, encoding a core LPS glycosyltransferase. Our results showed that wapH strain is impaired to grow under low temperature but not for cold survival. The mutation in wapH, provoked a strong aggregative phenotype and modifications of envelope nanomechanical properties such as lower flexibility and higher turgor pressure, cell permeability and surface area to volume ratio (S/V). Changes in these characteristics were also observed in the wild type strain grown at different temperatures, showing higher cell flexibility but lower turgor pressure under cold conditions. Cold shock experiments indicated that an acclimation period in the wild type is necessary for cell flexibility and S/V ratio adjustments. Alteration in cell-cell interaction capabilities was observed in wapH strain. Mixed cells of wild type and wapH strains, as well as those of the wild type strain grown at different temperatures, showed a mosaic pattern of aggregation. These results indicate that wapH mutation provoked marked envelope alterations showing that LPS core conservation appears as a novel essential feature for active growth under cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia C. Benforte
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria A. Colonnella
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martiniano M. Ricardi
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Leonardo Lizarraga
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy I. López
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (NIL); (PMT)
| | - Paula M. Tribelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (NIL); (PMT)
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Sobocińska J, Roszczenko-Jasińska P, Ciesielska A, Kwiatkowska K. Protein Palmitoylation and Its Role in Bacterial and Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2003. [PMID: 29403483 PMCID: PMC5780409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible, enzymatic posttranslational modification of proteins in which palmitoyl chain is attached to a cysteine residue via a thioester linkage. S-palmitoylation determines the functioning of proteins by affecting their association with membranes, compartmentalization in membrane domains, trafficking, and stability. In this review, we focus on S-palmitoylation of proteins, which are crucial for the interactions of pathogenic bacteria and viruses with the host. We discuss the role of palmitoylated proteins in the invasion of host cells by bacteria and viruses, and those involved in the host responses to the infection. We highlight recent data on protein S-palmitoylation in pathogens and their hosts obtained owing to the development of methods based on click chemistry and acyl-biotin exchange allowing proteomic analysis of protein lipidation. The role of the palmitoyl moiety present in bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoproteins, contributing to infectivity and affecting recognition of bacteria by innate immune receptors, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sobocińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paula Roszczenko-Jasińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Zabłotni A, Matusiak D, Arbatsky NP, Moryl M, Maciejewska A, Kondakova AN, Shashkov AS, Ługowski C, Knirel YA, Różalski A. Changes in the lipopolysaccharide of Proteus mirabilis 9B-m (O11a) clinical strain in response to planktonic or biofilm type of growth. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:129-139. [PMID: 29330591 PMCID: PMC5878192 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The impact of planktonic and biofilm lifestyles of the clinical isolate Proteus mirabilis 9B-m on its lipopolysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, core region, and lipid A) was evaluated. Proteus mirabilis bacteria are able to form biofilm and lipopolysaccharide is one of the factors involved in the biofilm formation. Lipopolysaccharide was isolated from planktonic and biofilm cells of the investigated strain and analyzed by SDS–PAGE with silver staining, Western blotting and ELISA, as well as NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. Chemical and NMR spectroscopic analyses revealed that the structure of the O-polysaccharide of P. mirabilis 9B-m strain did not depend on the form of cell growth, but the full-length chains of the O-antigen were reduced when bacteria grew in biofilm. The study also revealed structural modifications of the core region in the lipopolysaccharide of biofilm-associated cells—peaks assigned to compounds absent in cells from the planktonic culture and not previously detected in any of the known Proteus core oligosaccharides. No differences in the lipid A structure were observed. In summary, our study demonstrated for the first time that changes in the lifestyle of P. mirabilis bacteria leads to the modifications of their important virulence factor—lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zabłotni
- Laboratory of General Microbiology, Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Dominik Matusiak
- Laboratory of General Microbiology, Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Nikolay P Arbatsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Magdalena Moryl
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Maciejewska
- Department of Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolf Weigl 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna N Kondakova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Czesław Ługowski
- Department of Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolf Weigl 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antoni Różalski
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
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Yang H, Fu J, Zhao Y, Shi H, Hu H, Wang H. Escherichia coli PagP Enzyme-Based De Novo Design and In Vitro Activity of Antibacterial Peptide LL-37. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2558-2564. [PMID: 28550277 PMCID: PMC5458668 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial property of peptide LL-37 sequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS Humanized antibacterial peptide LL-37 and the mutant were prepared by chemical synthesis. The physicochemical properties of antibacterial peptide LL-37 were analyzed by SWISS-MODEL online prediction tool. Molecular docking between antibacterial peptide LL-37 fragments and palmitoyl transferase PagP was made with Lamarckian genetic algorithm by AutoDock1.5.6. RESULTS The systems contacted each other at 8.75 picosec. After 20 picsec, the system had no trend of dissociation, and the bond energy of weak bond -C-O-H…NH2-CH2- was calculated. The hydrophobic groups were important factors that led to contact and merged the two parts. The contacted weak bond -C-O-H…NH2-CH2- was the bridge for contacting LL-37 with palmitoyl transferase PagP. The binding sites of antibacterial peptide LL-37 and palmitoyl transferase PagP mainly included LYS8, GLU11, LEU28, LYS12, PHE27, ILE13, and PHE6 of antibacterial peptide LL-37 and ARG94, TRP89, ASN65, SER3, GLU90, GLU90, ASN100, HIS102, and THR92 of palmitoyl transferase PagP. CONCLUSIONS Antibacterial peptide LL-37 had stronger antibacterial effect via inhibition of activity of PagP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China (mainland).,Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jingyu Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China (mainland).,Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Youyun Zhao
- Hubei Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Huiping Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Huangshi Central Hospital, (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei, China (mainland).,Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Ranjith K, Arunasri K, Reddy GS, Adicherla H, Sharma S, Shivaji S. Global gene expression in Escherichia coli, isolated from the diseased ocular surface of the human eye with a potential to form biofilm. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:15. [PMID: 28392838 PMCID: PMC5379667 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli, the gastrointestinal commensal, is also known to cause ocular infections such as conjunctivitis, keratitis and endophthalmitis. These infections are normally resolved by topical application of an appropriate antibiotic. But, at times these E. coli are resistant to the antibiotic and this could be due to formation of a biofilm. In this study ocular E. coli from patients with conjunctivitis, keratitis or endophthalmitis were screened for their antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation potential. In addition DNA-microarray analysis was done to identify genes that are involved in biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Results Out of 12 ocular E. coli isolated from patients ten isolates were resistant to one or more of the nine antibiotics tested and majority of the isolates were positive for biofilm formation. In E. coli L-1216/2010, the best biofilm forming isolate, biofilm formation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Confocal laser scanning microscopic studies indicated that the thickness of the biofilm increased up to 72 h of growth. Further, in the biofilm phase, E. coli L-1216/2010 was 100 times more resistant to the eight antibiotics tested compared to planktonic phase. DNA microarray analysis indicated that in biofilm forming E. coli L-1216/2010 genes encoding biofilm formation such as cell adhesion genes, LPS production genes, genes required for biofilm architecture and extracellular matrix remodeling and genes encoding for proteins that are integral to the cell membrane and those that influence antigen presentation are up regulated during biofilm formation. In addition genes that confer antimicrobial resistance such as genes encoding antimicrobial efflux (mdtM and cycA), virulence (insQ, yjgK), toxin production (sat, yjgK, chpS, chpB and ygjN), transport of amino-acids and other metabolites (cbrB, cbrC, hisI and mglB) are also up regulated. These genes could serve as potential targets for developing strategies for hacking biofilms and overcoming antibiotic resistance. Conclusions This is the first study on global gene expression in antibiotic resistant ocular E. coli with a potential to form biofilm. Using native ocular isolates for antibiotic susceptibility testing, for biofilm formation and global gene expression is relevant and more acceptable than using type strains or non clinical strains which do not necessarily mimic the native isolate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-017-0164-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konduri Ranjith
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, 500007 India.,Research Scholar, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Kotakonda Arunasri
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | | | | | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, 500007 India
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Curran TD, Abacha F, Hibberd SP, Rolfe MD, Lacey MM, Green J. Identification of new members of the Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 SlyA regulon. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:400-409. [PMID: 28073397 PMCID: PMC5797941 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
SlyA is a member of the MarR family of bacterial transcriptional regulators. Previously, SlyA has been shown to directly regulate only two operons in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655, fimB and hlyE (clyA). In both cases, SlyA activates gene expression by antagonizing repression by the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS. Here, the transcript profiles of aerobic glucose-limited steady-state chemostat cultures of E. coli K-12 MG1655, slyA mutant and slyA over-expression strains are reported. The transcript profile of the slyA mutant was not significantly different from that of the parent; however, that of the slyA expression strain was significantly different from that of the vector control. Transcripts representing 27 operons were increased in abundance, whereas 3 were decreased. Of the 30 differentially regulated operons, 24 have previously been associated with sites of H-NS binding, suggesting that antagonism of H-NS repression is a common feature of SlyA-mediated transcription regulation. Direct binding of SlyA to DNA located upstream of a selection of these targets permitted the identification of new operons likely to be directly regulated by SlyA. Transcripts of four operons coding for cryptic adhesins exhibited enhanced expression, and this was consistent with enhanced biofilm formation associated with the SlyA over-producing strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Curran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Fatima Abacha
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Stephen P Hibberd
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew D Rolfe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Melissa M Lacey
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Jeffrey Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Carli AV, Ross FP, Bhimani SJ, Nodzo SR, Bostrom MPG. Developing a Clinically Representative Model of Periprosthetic Joint Infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:1666-1676. [PMID: 27707853 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.15.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
➤The poor treatment outcomes for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) reflect the limited understanding that currently exists regarding the pathogenesis of this devastating clinical problem.➤Current animal models of PJI are limited in their translational nature primarily because of their inability to recreate the periprosthetic environment.➤A greater mechanistic understanding of the musculoskeletal and immune systems of small animals, such as mice and rats, provides a more robust platform for modeling and examining the pathogenesis of PJI.➤A clinically representative PJI model must involve an implant that recreates the periprosthetic space and be amenable to methodologies that identify implant biofilm as well as quantify the peri-implant bacterial load.
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41
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Hao L, Zaini PA, Hoch HC, Burr TJ, Mowery P. Grape Cultivar and Sap Culture Conditions Affect the Development of Xylella fastidiosa Phenotypes Associated with Pierce's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160978. [PMID: 27508296 PMCID: PMC4980040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium in plant hosts and causes Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines, which differ in susceptibility according to the Vitis species (spp.). In this work we compared X. fastidiosa biofilm formation and population dynamics when cultured in xylem saps from PD-susceptible and -resistant Vitis spp. under different conditions. Behaviors in a closed-culture system were compared to those in different sap-renewal cultures that would more closely mimic the physicochemical environment encountered in planta. Significant differences in biofilm formation and growth in saps from PD-susceptible and -resistant spp. were only observed using sap renewal culture. Compared to saps from susceptible V. vinifera, those from PD-resistant V. aestivalis supported lower titers of X. fastidiosa and less biofilm and V. champinii suppressed both growth and biofilm formation, behaviors which are correlated with disease susceptibility. Furthermore, in microfluidic chambers X. fastidiosa formed thick mature biofilm with three-dimensional (3-D) structures, such as pillars and mounds, in saps from all susceptible spp. In contrast, only small aggregates of various shapes were formed in saps from four out of five of the resistant spp.; sap from the resistant spp. V. mustangensis was an exception in that it also supported thick lawns of biofilm but not the above described 3-D structures typically seen in a mature biofilm from the susceptible saps. Our findings provide not only critical technical information for future bioassays, but also suggest further understanding of PD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Hao
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, SIPS, Cornell University-New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York, United States of America
| | - Paulo A. Zaini
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, SIPS, Cornell University-New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York, United States of America
| | - Harvey C. Hoch
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, SIPS, Cornell University-New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Burr
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, SIPS, Cornell University-New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia Mowery
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York, United States of America
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Morphological and functional adaptations of Fusobacterium nucleatum exposed to human neutrophil Peptide-1. Anaerobe 2016; 39:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hathroubi S, Beaudry F, Provost C, Martelet L, Segura M, Gagnon CA, Jacques M. Impact of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilm mode of growth on the lipid A structures and stimulation of immune cells. Innate Immun 2016; 22:353-62. [PMID: 27226465 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916649676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, forms biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. APP biofilms confers resistance to antibiotics. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the role of APP biofilm in immune evasion and infection persistence. This study was undertaken to (i) investigate biofilm-associated LPS modifications occurring during the switch to biofilm mode of growth; and (ii) characterize pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and proliferation in porcine PBMCs challenged with planktonic or biofilm APP cells. Extracted lipid A samples from biofilm and planktonic cultures were analyzed by HPLC high-resolution, accurate mass spectrometry. Biofilm cells displayed significant changes in lipid A profiles when compared with their planktonic counterparts. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the inflammatory response of PAMs exposed to UV-inactivated APP grown in biofilm or in suspension. Relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL1, IL6, IL8 and MCP1 decreased in PAMs when exposed to biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells. Additionally, the biofilm state reduced PBMCs proliferation. Taken together, APP biofilm cells show a weaker ability to stimulate innate immune cells, which could be due, in part, to lipid A structure modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skander Hathroubi
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantale Provost
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Léa Martelet
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Carl A Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Yu Q, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Li M. Inhibition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on pathogenic biofilm formation and invasion to host cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26667. [PMID: 27220400 PMCID: PMC4879543 DOI: 10.1038/srep26667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the growing infectious diseases caused by eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens, it is urgent to develop novel antimicrobial agents against clinical pathogenic infections. Biofilm formation and invasion into the host cells are vital processes during pathogenic colonization and infection. In this study, we tested the inhibitory effect of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on pathogenic growth, biofilm formation and invasion. Interestingly, although the synthesized AuNPs had no significant toxicity to the tested pathogens, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the nanoparticles strongly inhibited pathogenic biofilm formation and invasion to dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Further investigations revealed that AuNPs abundantly bound to the pathogen cells, which likely contributed to their inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and invasion. Moreover, treatment of AuNPs led to activation of immune response-related genes in DPSCs, which may enhance the activity of host immune system against the pathogens. Zeta potential analysis and polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating tests further showed that the interaction between pathogen cells and AuNPs is associated with electrostatic attractions. Our findings shed novel light on the application of nanomaterials in fighting against clinical pathogens, and imply that the traditional growth inhibition test is not the only way to evaluate the drug effect during the screening of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jianrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
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Hrv R, Devaki R, Kandi V. Evaluation of Different Phenotypic Techniques for the Detection of Slime Produced by Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens. Cureus 2016; 8:e505. [PMID: 27026830 PMCID: PMC4807914 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microorganisms use various strategies for their survival in both the environment and in humans. Slime production by bacteria is one such mechanism by which microbes colonize on the indwelling prosthetic devices and form biofilms. Infections caused by such microorganisms are difficult to treat as the biofilm acts as a shield and protects microbes against antimicrobial agents. There are several methods for the detection of slime produced by bacteria, and they include both phenotypic and molecular methods. The present study evaluated the Congo red agar/broth method, Christensen’s method, dye elution technique, and the latex agglutination method for the demonstration of slime production by different bacterial clinical isolates. Materials & Methods We collected 151 bacterial clinical isolates (both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) from various specimens and tested them for the production of slime both by qualitative and quantitative tests. Congo red agar/broth method, Christensen's method, dye elution technique, and latex agglutination methods were used for detecting the slime or slime-like substance. Results We found that 103 (68.2%) strains were positive for slime production by Congo red agar/broth method. It was found that 18 (94.7%) strains of Klebsiellapneumoniae, 21 (84.0%) strains of S aureus and 25 (65.7%) strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococci were positive for slime or slime-like substances by Congo red agar/broth method. A total of 41.0% of the strains positive by Christensen's method and 15.2% of the strains by dye elution technique were found to be more adherent organisms and that have the potential to form biofilms. Only the gram-positive organisms showed nonspecific agglutination with latex suspension. Conclusion Among the various phenotypic methods compared in this study the Congo red agar/broth method is a simple, economical, sensitive, and specific method that can be used by clinical microbiology laboratories for screening the strains for the presence of slime or slime-like substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Hrv
- Department of Microbiology, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences & Research Centre
| | - Ramakrishna Devaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences & Research Centre
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Vassallo CN, Wall D. Tissue repair in myxobacteria: A cooperative strategy to heal cellular damage. Bioessays 2016; 38:306-15. [PMID: 26898360 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Damage repair is a fundamental requirement of all life as organisms find themselves in challenging and fluctuating environments. In particular, damage to the barrier between an organism and its environment (e.g. skin, plasma membrane, bacterial cell envelope) is frequent because these organs/organelles directly interact with the external world. Here, we discuss the general strategies that bacteria use to cope with damage to their cell envelope and their repair limits. We then describe a novel damage-coping mechanism used by multicellular myxobacteria. We propose that cell-cell transfer of membrane material within a population serves as a wound-healing strategy and provide evidence for its utility. We suggest that--similar to how tissues in eukaryotes have evolved cooperative methods of damage repair--so too have some bacteria that live a multicellular lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Wall
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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47
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Chauhan A, Ghigo JM, Beloin C. Study of in vivo catheter biofilm infections using pediatric central venous catheter implanted in rat. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:525-41. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Parrilli E, Ricciardelli A, Casillo A, Sannino F, Papa R, Tilotta M, Artini M, Selan L, Corsaro MM, Tutino ML. Large-scale biofilm cultivation of Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 for physiologic studies and drug discovery. Extremophiles 2016; 20:227-34. [PMID: 26847199 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are mainly studied due to detrimental effects on human health but they are also well established in industrial biotechnology for the production of chemicals. Moreover, biofilm can be considered as a source of novel drugs since the conditions prevailing within biofilm can allow the production of specific metabolites. Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 when grown in biofilm condition produces an anti-biofilm molecule able to inhibit the biofilm of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this paper we set up a P. haloplanktis TAC125 biofilm cultivation methodology in automatic bioreactor. The biofilm cultivation was designated to obtain two goals: (1) the scale up of cell-free supernatant production in an amount necessary for the anti-biofilm molecule/s purification; (2) the recovery of P. haloplanktis TAC125 cells grown in biofilm for physiological studies. We set up a fluidized-bed reactor fermentation in which floating polystyrene supports were homogeneously mixed, exposing an optimal air-liquid interface to let bacterium biofilm formation. The proposed methodology allowed a large-scale production of anti-biofilm molecule and paved the way to study differences between P. haloplanktis TAC125 cells grown in biofilm and in planktonic conditions. In particular, the modifications occurring in the lipopolysaccharide of cells grown in biofilm were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Ricciardelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tilotta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
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Helicobacter pylori Resists the Antimicrobial Activity of Calprotectin via Lipid A Modification and Associated Biofilm Formation. mBio 2015; 6:e01349-15. [PMID: 26646009 PMCID: PMC4669380 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01349-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of several pathogens that persist within the host despite a robust immune response. H. pylori elicits a proinflammatory response from host epithelia, resulting in the recruitment of immune cells which manifests as gastritis. Relatively little is known about how H. pylori survives antimicrobials, including calprotectin (CP), which is present during the inflammatory response. The data presented here suggest that one way H. pylori survives the nutrient sequestration by CP is through alteration of its outer membrane. CP-treated H. pylori demonstrates increased bacterial fitness in response to further coculture with CP. Moreover, CP-treated H. pylori cultures form biofilms and demonstrate decreased cell surface hydrophobicity. In response to CP, the H. pylori Lpx lipid A biosynthetic enzymes are not fully functional. The lipid A molecules observed in H. pylori cultures treated with CP indicate that the LpxF, LpxL, and LpxR enzyme functions are perturbed. Transcriptional analysis of lpxF, lpxL, and lpxR indicates that metal restriction by CP does not control this pathway through transcriptional regulation. Analyses of H. pylori lpx mutants reveal that loss of LpxF and LpxL results in increased fitness, similar to what is observed in the presence of CP; moreover, these mutants have significantly increased biofilm formation and reduced cell surface hydrophobicity. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel mechanism of H. pylori resistance to the antimicrobial activity of CP via lipid A modification strategies and resulting biofilm formation. Helicobacter pylori evades recognition of the host’s immune system by modifying the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide. These results demonstrate for the first time that the lipid A modification pathway is influenced by the host’s nutritional immune response. H. pylori’s exposure to the host Mn- and Zn-binding protein calprotectin perturbs the function of 3 enzymes involved in the lipid A modification pathway. Moreover, CP treatment of H. pylori, or mutants with an altered lipid A, exhibit increased bacterial fitness and increased biofilm formation. This suggests that H. pylori modifies its cell surface structure to survive under the stress imposed by the host immune response. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that influence the biofilm lifestyle and how endotoxin modification, which renders H. pylori resistant to cationic antimicrobial peptides, can be inactivated in response to sequestration of nutrient metals.
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Abstract
The label-free detection of microbial cells attached to a surface is an active field of research. The field is driven by the need to understand and control the growth of biofilms in a number of applications, including basic research in natural environments, industrial facilities, and clinical devices, to name a few. Despite significant progress in the ability to monitor the growth of biofilms and related living cells, the sensitivity and selectivity of such sensors are still a challenge. We believe that among the many different technologies available for monitoring biofilm growth, optical techniques are the most promising, as they afford direct imaging and offer high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, as each technique offers different insights into the biofilm growth mechanism, our analysis allows us to provide an overview of the biological processes at play. In addition, we use a set of key parameters to compare state-of-the-art techniques in the field, including a critical assessment of each method, to identify the most promising types of sensors. We highlight the challenges that need to be overcome to improve the characteristics of current biofilm sensor technologies and indicate where further developments are required. In addition, we provide guidelines for selecting a suitable sensor for detecting microbial cells on a surface.
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