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Malet K, Faure E, Adam D, Donner J, Liu L, Pilon SJ, Fraser R, Jorth P, Newman DK, Brochiero E, Rousseau S, Nguyen D. Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Airway Epithelium of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Tissues. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1453-1462. [PMID: 38324627 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1451oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major bacterial pathogen colonizing the airways of adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and causes chronic infections that persist despite antibiotic therapy. Intracellular bacteria may represent an unrecognized reservoir of bacteria that evade the immune system and antibiotic therapy. Although the ability of P. aeruginosa to invade and survive within epithelial cells has been described in vitro in different epithelial cell models, evidence of this intracellular lifestyle in human lung tissues is currently lacking. Objectives: To detect and characterize intracellular P. aeruginosa in CF airway epithelium from human lung explant tissues. Methods: We sampled lung explant tissues from patients with CF undergoing lung transplantation and non-CF lung donor control tissue. We analyzed lung tissue sections for the presence of intracellular P. aeruginosa using quantitative culture and microscopy, in parallel to histopathology and airway morphometry. Measurements and Main Results: P. aeruginosa was isolated from the lungs of seven patients with CF undergoing lung transplantation. Microscopic assessment revealed the presence of intracellular P. aeruginosa within airway epithelial cells in three of the seven patients analyzed at a varying but low frequency. We observed those events occurring in lung regions with high bacterial burden. Conclusions: This is the first study describing the presence of intracellular P. aeruginosa in CF lung tissues. Although intracellular P. aeruginosa in airway epithelial cells is likely relatively rare, our findings highlight the plausible occurrence of this intracellular bacterial reservoir in chronic CF infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Malet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Faure
- Université de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Service Universitaire de Maladies Infectieuses, Lille, France
| | - Damien Adam
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jannik Donner
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Sarah-Jeanne Pilon
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Fraser
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Jorth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering and
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering and
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; and
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Resko ZJ, Suhi RF, Thota AV, Kroken AR. Evidence for intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0010924. [PMID: 38597609 PMCID: PMC11112991 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00109-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. Although it is often regarded as an extracellular pathogen toward human cells, numerous investigations report its ability to survive and replicate within host cells, and additional studies demonstrate specific mechanisms enabling it to adopt an intracellular lifestyle. This ability of P. aeruginosa remains less well-investigated than that of other intracellular bacteria, although it is currently gaining attention. If intracellular bacteria are not killed after entering host cells, they may instead receive protection from immune recognition and experience reduced exposure to antibiotic therapy, among additional potential advantages shared with other facultative intracellular pathogens. For this review, we compiled studies that observe intracellular P. aeruginosa across strains, cell types, and experimental systems in vitro, as well as contextualize these findings with the few studies that report similar observations in vivo. We also seek to address key findings that drove the perception that P. aeruginosa remains extracellular in order to reconcile what is currently understood about intracellular pathogenesis and highlight open questions regarding its contribution to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Resko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel F. Suhi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam V. Thota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Abby R. Kroken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Chen YYM, Yang YC, Shieh HR, Lin YJ, Ke WJ, Chiu CH. Functional Analysis of the Major Pilin Proteins of Type IV Pili in Streptococcus sanguinis CGMH010. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5402. [PMID: 38791440 PMCID: PMC11121087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The pil gene cluster for Type IV pilus (Tfp) biosynthesis is commonly present and highly conserved in Streptococcus sanguinis. Nevertheless, Tfp-mediated twitching motility is less common among strains, and the factors determining twitching activity are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the functions of three major pilin proteins (PilA1, PilA2, and PilA3) in the assembly and activity of Tfp in motile S. sanguinis CGMH010. Using various recombinant pilA deletion strains, we found that Tfp composed of different PilA proteins varied morphologically and functionally. Among the three PilA proteins, PilA1 was most critical in the assembly of twitching-active Tfp, and recombinant strains expressing motility generated more structured biofilms under constant shearing forces compared to the non-motile recombinant strains. Although PilA1 and PilA3 shared 94% identity, PilA3 could not compensate for the loss of PilA1, suggesting that the nature of PilA proteins plays an essential role in twitching activity. The single deletion of individual pilA genes had little effect on the invasion of host endothelia by S. sanguinis CGMH010. In contrast, the deletion of all three pilA genes or pilT, encoding the retraction ATPase, abolished Tfp-mediated invasion. Tfp- and PilT-dependent invasion were also detected in the non-motile S. sanguinis SK36, and thus, the retraction of Tfp, but not active twitching, was found to be essential for invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ywan M. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.-J.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Chen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Ru Shieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.-J.K.)
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.-J.K.)
| | - Wan-Ju Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.-J.K.)
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
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Bhattacharyya A, Banerjee G, Chattopadhyay P. Probable Role of Type IV Pili of Aeromonas hydrophila in Human Pathogenicity. Pathogens 2024; 13:365. [PMID: 38787217 PMCID: PMC11124393 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas hydrophila is a widely recognized broad-spectrum pathogen that primarily targets the gastrointestinal tract. Type IV pili (T4P) are proteinaceous nano-machines located on the bacterial cell surface, playing a crucial role in host colonization and infection. Regrettably, the T4P systems of A. hydrophila remain largely underexplored. METHODS A. hydrophila genomes with complete genome assembly and annotation reports up to 31 March 2023, were obtained from the NCBI Genome database or KEGG genome database, followed by a global search for T4P secretion system genes. Protein sequences of these manually curetted genes were used as secondary quarry for Synteny analysis. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed by string analysis and in silico study of genomic islands. RESULTS We identified 27 orthologs of type IV pili (T4P) nano-machine components in A. hydrophila. These orthologs are primarily distributed across three operons: pilABCD, pilMNOPQ, and pilVWXY. While the first two operons are commonly found in all experimental genomes, the presence of the pilVWXY operon, coding for 11 orthologs, is reported here for the first time in A. hydrophila. Notably, the complete pilVWXY operon is absent in nonvirulent strains. A genomic islands study between a nonvirulent and hypervirulent strain also confirms absence of most of the genes coded by pilVWXY in nonvirulent strain. Interestingly, among the 51 experimental genomes analyzed, the pilVWXY operon was completely absent in 10 strains, most of which are categorized as nonvirulent; Conclusions: The distribution of two major type IV pili (T4P) nano-machines, PilABCDMNOPQ and PilVWXY, is reported here for the first time in A. hydrophila. Additionally, this study suggests a potential role for the PilVWXY nano-machine in establishing human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agradip Bhattacharyya
- Raja Rammohun Roy Mahavidyalaya, Radhanagar, Nangulpara, Hooghly, West Bengal 712406, India;
| | - Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Cheng JH, Du R, Sun DW. Regulating bacterial biofilms in food and biomedicine: unraveling mechanisms and Innovating strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38384205 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2312539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm has brought a lot of intractable problems in food and biomedicine areas. Conventional biofilm control mainly focuses on inactivation and removal of biofilm. However, with robust construction and enhanced resistance, the established biofilm is extremely difficult to eradicate. According to the mechanism of biofilm development, biofilm formation can be modulated by intervening in the key factors and regulatory systems. Therefore, regulation of biofilm formation has been proposed as an alternative way for effective biofilm control. This review aims to provide insights into the regulation of biofilm formation in food and biomedicine. The underlying mechanisms for early-stage biofilm establishment are summarized based on the key factors and correlated regulatory networks. Recent developments and applications of novel regulatory strategies such as anti/pro-biofilm agents, nanomaterials, functionalized surface materials and physical strategies are also discussed. The current review indicates that these innovative methods have contributed to effective biofilm control in a smart, safe and eco-friendly way. However, standard methodology for regulating biofilm formation in practical use is still missing. As biofilm formation in real-world systems could be far more complicated, further studies and interdisciplinary collaboration are still needed for simulation and experiments in the industry and other open systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hu Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Du
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Li K, Yu K, Huang Z, Liu X, Mei L, Ren X, Bai X, Gao H, Sun Z, Liu X, Wang D. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex: insights into evolutionary relationships, global distribution and pathogenicity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1325379. [PMID: 38268792 PMCID: PMC10806987 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1325379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex (Smc) comprises opportunistic Gram-negative bacilli responsible for various nosocomial infections. Limited data exists concerning its evolutionary lineage, global prevalence and pathogenicity. Methods We conducted an extensive genomic analysis on 734 Smc genomes, of which 90 were newly sequenced and isolated from different patients. The species composition and evolutionary relationships of Smc were examined using core protein sequence analysis. Pathogenicity evaluation was used by assays for swimming motility, biofilm formation and identification of virulence factors. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the drug resistance spectrum of clinical isolates. Results Phylogenetic analyses delineated 24 species-level clades, dominated by S. maltophilia (42.8%), S. sepilia (13.6%) and S. geniculata (9.9%). Geographically, strains were primarily distributed in Europe (34.2%), Asia (33.7%) and North America (24.0%), with intricate global distribution patterns. Meanwhile, 154 virulence-associated genes and 46 antimicrobial resistance genes within Smc were identified. These genes encoded span various functions, including motility, adherence, toxin, RND antibiotic efflux pumps, beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Moreover, significant variations were indicated in swimming motility and biofilm-forming capability across the different species, with S. sepilia exhibiting superior levels of both traits. Additionally, no statistically significant discrepancy was detected among Smc species to other antibiotics, despite the fact that all S. geniculata isolates were resistant to Ceftazidime and much higher than other species. Conclusion Our findings indicate the need to pay increased attention to other mainstream species of Smc besides S. maltophilia in order to better manage Smc-related infections and tailor effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Keyi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Huang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Mei
- National Pathogen Resource Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - He Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Duochun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Salas-Orozco MF, Lorenzo-Leal AC, de Alba Montero I, Marín NP, Santana MAC, Bach H. Mechanism of escape from the antibacterial activity of metal-based nanoparticles in clinically relevant bacteria: A systematic review. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 55:102715. [PMID: 37907198 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergency of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in severe infections is increasing, especially in nosocomial environments. The ESKAPE group is of special importance in the groups of multi-resistant bacteria due to its high capacity to generate resistance to antibiotics and bactericides. Therefore, metal-based nanomaterials are an attractive alternative to combat them because they have been demonstrated to damage biomolecules in the bacterial cells. However, there is a concern about bacteria developing resistance to NPs and their harmful effects due to environmental accumulation. Therefore, this systematic review aims to report the clinically relevant bacteria that have developed resistance to the NPs. According to the results of this systematic review, various mechanisms to counteract the antimicrobial activity of various NP types have been proposed. These mechanisms can be grouped into the following categories: production of extracellular compounds, metal efflux pumps, ROS response, genetic changes, DNA repair, adaptative morphogenesis, and changes in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Felipe Salas-Orozco
- Facultad de Estomatología, Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Nuria Patiño Marín
- Facultad de Estomatología, Laboratorio de Investigación Clinica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Casillas Santana
- Maestría en Estomatología con Opcion Terminal en Ortodoncia, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Schroven K, Putzeys L, Kerremans A, Ceyssens PJ, Vallino M, Paeshuyse J, Haque F, Yusuf A, Koch MD, Lavigne R. The phage-encoded PIT4 protein affects multiple two-component systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0237223. [PMID: 37962408 PMCID: PMC10714779 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02372-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE More and more Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates have become resistant to antibiotics like carbapenem. As a consequence, P. aeruginosa ranks in the top three of pathogens for which the development of novel antibiotics is the most crucial. The pathogen causes both acute and chronic infections, especially in patients who are the most vulnerable. Therefore, efforts are urgently needed to develop alternative therapies. One path explored in this article is the use of bacteriophages and, more specifically, phage-derived proteins. In this study, a phage-derived protein was studied that impacts key virulence factors of the pathogen via interaction with multiple histidine kinases of TCSs. The fundamental insights gained for this protein can therefore serve as inspiration for the development of an anti-virulence compound that targets the bacterial TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Schroven
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leena Putzeys
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marta Vallino
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Turin, Italy
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Host and Pathogen Interactions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Farhana Haque
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed Yusuf
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Matthias D. Koch
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kambouris AR, Brammer JA, Roussey H, Chen C, Cross AS. A combination of burn wound injury and Pseudomonas infection elicits unique gene expression that enhances bacterial pathogenicity. mBio 2023; 14:e0245423. [PMID: 37929965 PMCID: PMC10746159 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02454-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Burns are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with the most common cause of death resulting from sepsis, often from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We previously reported that a non-lethal flame burn induced an altered host immune response. Using this model, gene expression in both the murine host and P. aeruginosa was measured using a NanoString custom probe panel. We observed differing patterns of gene expression in both host and P. aeruginosa in the skin, blood, liver, and spleen of mice that were burned and/or infected, compared to mice that were neither burned nor infected (i.e., Sham). In mice that were both burned and infected (B/I), we observed changes in gene expression in both the host and P. aeruginosa that were distinct from all other treatment conditions. These data suggest that the combination of the burned state and superimposed infection affects both host and pathogen gene expression to increase infection propensity. Gene transcription significantly changed from 6 to 24 h post-B/I in each tissue. Finally, inhibiting IL-10 signaling or co-administering arginine at the time of P. aeruginosa infection prolonged or restored survival in an otherwise 100% fatal burn and infection model. These findings suggest that disease states such as burns may differentially alter innate immune response gene expression in both a host- and pathogen-specific manner.IMPORTANCEThe interaction between an underlying disease process and a specific pathogen may lead to the unique expression of genes that affect bacterial pathogenesis. These genes may not be observed during infection in the absence of, or with a different underlying process or infection during the underlying process with a different pathogen. To test this hypothesis, we used Nanostring technology to compare gene transcription in a murine-burned wound infected with P. aeruginosa. The Nanostring probeset allowed the simultaneous direct comparison of immune response gene expression in both multiple host tissues and P. aeruginosa in conditions of burn alone, infection alone, and burn with infection. While RNA-Seq is used to discover novel transcripts, NanoString could be a technique to monitor specific changes in transcriptomes between samples and bypass the additional adjustments for multispecies sample processing or the need for the additional steps of alignment and assembly required for RNASeq. Using Nanostring, we identified arginine and IL-10 as important contributors to the lethal outcome of burned mice infected with P. aeruginosa. While other examples of altered gene transcription are in the literature, our study suggests that a more systematic comparison of gene expression in various underlying diseases during infection with specific bacterial pathogens may lead to the identification of unique host-pathogen interactions and result in more precise therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne R. Kambouris
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerod A. Brammer
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Holly Roussey
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan S. Cross
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Can Diversify after Host Cell Invasion to Establish Multiple Intracellular Niches. mBio 2022; 13:e0274222. [PMID: 36374039 PMCID: PMC9765609 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02742-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within epithelial cells, Pseudomonas aeruginosa depends on its type III secretion system (T3SS) to escape vacuoles and replicate rapidly in the cytosol. Previously, it was assumed that intracellular subpopulations remaining T3SS-negative (and therefore in vacuoles) were destined for degradation in lysosomes, supported by data showing vacuole acidification. Here, we report in both corneal and bronchial human epithelial cells that vacuole-associated bacteria can persist, sometimes in the same cells as cytosolic bacteria. Using a combination of phase-contrast, confocal, and correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM), we also found they can demonstrate biofilm-associated markers: cdrA and cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP). Vacuolar-associated bacteria, but not their cytosolic counterparts, tolerated the cell-permeable antibiotic ofloxacin. Surprisingly, use of mutants showed that both persistence in vacuoles and ofloxacin tolerance were independent of the biofilm-associated protein CdrA or exopolysaccharides (Psl, Pel, alginate). A T3SS mutant (ΔexsA) unable to escape vacuoles phenocopied vacuole-associated subpopulations in wild-type PAO1-infected cells, with results revealing that epithelial cell death depended upon bacterial viability. Intravital confocal imaging of infected mouse corneas confirmed that P. aeruginosa formed similar intracellular subpopulations within epithelial cells in vivo. Together, these results show that P. aeruginosa differs from other pathogens by diversifying intracellularly into vacuolar and cytosolic subpopulations that both contribute to pathogenesis. Their different gene expression and behavior (e.g., rapid replication versus slow replication/persistence) suggest cooperation favoring both short- and long-term interests and another potential pathway to treatment failure. How this intracellular diversification relates to previously described "acute versus chronic" virulence gene-expression phenotypes of P. aeruginosa remains to be determined. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause sight- and life-threatening opportunistic infections, and its evolving antibiotic resistance is a growing concern. Most P. aeruginosa strains can invade host cells, presenting a challenge to therapies that do not penetrate host cell membranes. Previously, we showed that the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) plays a pivotal role in survival within epithelial cells, allowing escape from vacuoles, rapid replication in the cytoplasm, and suppression of host cell death. Here, we report the discovery of a novel T3SS-negative subpopulation of intracellular P. aeruginosa within epithelial cells that persist in vacuoles rather than the cytoplasm and that tolerate a cell-permeable antibiotic (ofloxacin) that is able to kill cytosolic bacteria. Classical biofilm-associated markers, although demonstrated by this subpopulation, are not required for vacuolar persistence or antibiotic tolerance. These findings advance our understanding of how P. aeruginosa hijacks host cells, showing that it diversifies into multiple populations with T3SS-negative members enabling persistence while rapid replication is accomplished by more vulnerable T3SS-positive siblings. Intracellular P. aeruginosa persisting and tolerating antibiotics independently of the T3SS or biofilm-associated factors could present additional challenges to development of more effective therapeutics.
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Ma X, Liu Q, Song F, Huang Y. Differentially Expressed Genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Eyes with Keratitis and Healthy Conjunctival Sacs. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4495-4506. [PMID: 35983295 PMCID: PMC9380828 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s374335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the second-most common commensal bacterium in healthy conjunctival sacs. When the corneal epithelial barrier is damaged, P. aeruginosa in a healthy conjunctival sac can cause infectious keratitis, which can result in the loss of vision. This study was designed to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of P. aeruginosa isolates from eyes with keratitis and from healthy conjunctival sacs to predict their functions and pathways through Illumina high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Methods P. aeruginosa isolates from keratitis and healthy conjunctival sacs were obtained. The transcriptome profile of P. aeruginosa was characterized by a high throughput RNA-seq strategy using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The DEGs were analyzed with DESeq and validated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and with experimental mice. GO enrichment and the KEGG pathway were also analyzed. Results In genome-wide transcriptional analysis, 557 genes (332 upregulated and 225 downregulated) were found to be differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2, p ≤ 0.05) in the strains from keratitis. GO enrichment analysis suggested that DEGs tended to be associated with cellular and metabolic processes. KEGG pathway analysis revealed the DEGs were typically associated with the pathways of the bacterial secretion system and pyoverdine metabolism. Eleven DEGs were validated using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and verified with experimental mice. The results were consistent with those obtained in RNA-seq. Conclusion The DEGs related to pilin, T2SS, T3SS, and pyoverdine metabolisms were significantly altered in the strains from keratitis. The findings may be helpful for further investigations on genes or pathways related to the pathogenesis of and therapeutic targets for P. aeruginosa keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangying Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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12
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Patil PD, Jin Y, Luk YY. Chemical control over Asialo-GM1: A dual ligand for pili and Lectin A that activates swarming motility and facilitates adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 215:112478. [PMID: 35390596 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipid, ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide (asialo-GM1), on the mammalian cells are known to be recognized by type IV pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this work, we show that asialo-GM1 can also be recognized by Lectin A (LecA), another adhesin protein of the P. aeruginosa, by a fluorescent polarization assay, a label-free bacterial motility enabled binding assay, and bacterial mutant studies. On hydrated semi-solid gel surfaces, asialo-GM1 enables swarming and twitching motilities, while on solid surfaces facilitates the bacterial adherence of P. aeruginosa. These results indicate that asialo-GM1 can modulate bioactivities, adherence, and motilities, that are controlled by opposite signaling pathways. We demonstrate that when a solution of pilin monomers or LecA proteins are spread on hydrated gel surfaces, the asialo-GM1 mediated swarming motility is inhibited. Treatment of artificial liposomes containing asialo-GM1 as a component of lipid bilayer with pilin monomers or LecA proteins caused transient leakage of encapsulated dye from liposomes. These results suggest that pili and LecA proteins not only bind to asialo-GM1 but can also cause asialo-GM1 mediated leakage. We also show that both pili and LecA mutants of P. aeruginosa adhere to asialo-GM1 coated solid surfaces, and that a class of synthetic ligands for pili and LecA inhibits both pili and LecA-mediated adherence of P. aeruginosa on asialo-GM1-coated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University 1-014 Center of Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Yuchen Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University 1-014 Center of Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Yan-Yeung Luk
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University 1-014 Center of Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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13
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The Lectin LecB Induces Patches with Basolateral Characteristics at the Apical Membrane to Promote Pseudomonas aeruginosa Host Cell Invasion. mBio 2022; 13:e0081922. [PMID: 35491830 PMCID: PMC9239240 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00819-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect mucosal tissues of the human body. To persist at the mucosal barrier, this highly adaptable pathogen has evolved many strategies, including invasion of host cells. Here, we show that the P. aeruginosa lectin LecB binds and cross-links fucosylated receptors at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. This triggers a signaling cascade via Src kinases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to the formation of patches enriched with the basolateral marker phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) at the apical plasma membrane. This identifies LecB as a causative bacterial factor for activating this well-known host cell response that is elicited upon apical binding of P. aeruginosa. Downstream from PI3K, Rac1 is activated to cause actin rearrangement and the outgrowth of protrusions at the apical plasma membrane. LecB-triggered PI3K activation also results in aberrant recruitment of caveolin-1 to the apical domain. In addition, we reveal a positive feedback loop between PI3K activation and apical caveolin-1 recruitment, which provides a mechanistic explanation for the previously observed implication of caveolin-1 in P. aeruginosa host cell invasion. Interestingly, LecB treatment also reversibly removes primary cilia. To directly prove the role of LecB for bacterial uptake, we coated bacterium-sized beads with LecB, which drastically enhanced their endocytosis. Furthermore, LecB deletion and LecB inhibition with l-fucose diminished the invasion efficiency of P. aeruginosa bacteria. Taken together, the results of our study identify LecB as a missing link that can explain how PI3K signaling and caveolin-1 recruitment are triggered to facilitate invasion of epithelial cells from the apical side by P. aeruginosa.
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14
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Kroken AR, Gajenthra Kumar N, Yahr TL, Smith BE, Nieto V, Horneman H, Evans DJ, Fleiszig SMJ. Exotoxin S secreted by internalized Pseudomonas aeruginosa delays lytic host cell death. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010306. [PMID: 35130333 PMCID: PMC8853526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin ExoS, secreted by the type III secretion system (T3SS), supports intracellular persistence via its ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPr) activity. For epithelial cells, this involves inhibiting vacuole acidification, promoting vacuolar escape, countering autophagy, and niche construction in the cytoplasm and within plasma membrane blebs. Paradoxically, ExoS and other P. aeruginosa T3SS effectors can also have antiphagocytic and cytotoxic activities. Here, we sought to reconcile these apparently contradictory activities of ExoS by studying the relationships between intracellular persistence and host epithelial cell death. Methods involved quantitative imaging and the use of antibiotics that vary in host cell membrane permeability to selectively kill intracellular and extracellular populations after invasion. Results showed that intracellular P. aeruginosa mutants lacking T3SS effector toxins could kill (permeabilize) cells when extracellular bacteria were eliminated. Surprisingly, wild-type strain PAO1 (encoding ExoS, ExoT and ExoY) caused cell death more slowly, the time extended from 5.2 to 9.5 h for corneal epithelial cells and from 10.2 to 13.0 h for HeLa cells. Use of specific mutants/complementation and controls for initial invasion showed that ExoS ADPr activity delayed cell death. Triggering T3SS expression only after bacteria invaded cells using rhamnose-induction in T3SS mutants rescued the ExoS-dependent intracellular phenotype, showing that injected effectors from extracellular bacteria were not required. The ADPr activity of ExoS was further found to support internalization by countering the antiphagocytic activity of both the ExoS and ExoT RhoGAP domains. Together, these results show two additional roles for ExoS ADPr activity in supporting the intracellular lifestyle of P. aeruginosa; suppression of host cell death to preserve a replicative niche and inhibition of T3SS effector antiphagocytic activities to allow invasion. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that ExoS-encoding (invasive) P. aeruginosa strains can be facultative intracellular pathogens, and that intracellularly secreted T3SS effectors contribute to pathogenesis. While the ADPr domain of the T3SS effector ExoS plays multiple roles in the intracellular lifestyle of P. aeruginosa, ExoS can also be cytotoxic and/or antiphagocytic. Here, we show that when P. aeruginosa enters the cytosol of epithelial cells, cell death is triggered independently of T3SS effector toxins, but ExoS ADPr activity delays this to enable continued intracellular survival and replication. Using rhamnose induction to express the T3SS only after invasion restored this ExoS-dependent phenotype, showing that intracellularly secreted effectors can enable intracellular pathogenesis. ExoS ADPr activity also countered antiphagocytic activity of ExoS and ExoT RhoGAP domains. These results show two additional roles for ExoS ADPr activity in promoting internalization of P. aeruginosa and protecting the intracellular niche, continuing to challenge the notions that P. aeruginosa is exclusively an extracellular pathogen, that it needs to inject T3SS effectors across plasma membranes, and that ExoS is necessarily cytotoxic to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby R. Kroken
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Naren Gajenthra Kumar
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy L. Yahr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E. Smith
- Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Vincent Nieto
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hart Horneman
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - David J. Evans
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, California, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. J. Fleiszig
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Graduate Groups in Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases & Immunity, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zhu X, Feng C, Zhou L, Li Z, Zhang Y, Pan J. Impacts of Ser/Thr Protein Kinase Stk1 on the Proteome, Twitching Motility, and Competitive Advantage in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:738690. [PMID: 34733256 PMCID: PMC8560001 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium in the environment and a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Therefore, it is listed by the WHO as a human pathogen that urgently needs the development of new antibacterial drugs. Recent findings have demonstrated that eukaryote-type Ser/Thr protein kinases play a vital role in regulating various bacterial physiological processes by catalyzing protein phosphorylation. Stk1 has proven to be a Ser/Thr protein kinase in P. aeruginosa. However, the regulatory roles of Stk1 have not yet been revealed. Thus, we constructed a stk1 knockout mutant (∆stk1) from the P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain and employed a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling-based quantitative proteomic strategy to characterize proteome-wide changes in response to the stk1 knockout. In total, 620 differentially expressed proteins, among which 288 proteins were upregulated and 332 proteins were downregulated, were identified in ∆stk1 compared with P. aeruginosa PAO1. A detailed bioinformatics analysis of these differentially expressed proteins was performed, including GO annotation, protein domain profile, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, subcellular localization and enrichment analysis. Notably, the downregulation of type IV pilus-related proteins and upregulation of T6SS-H1-related proteins were found in the ∆stk1 strain, and the results were corroborated by quantitative PCR at the mRNA level. Further experiments confirmed that the loss of stk1 weakens bacterial twitching motility and promotes a growth competition advantage, which are, respectively, mediated by type IV pilus-related proteins and T6SS-H1-related proteins. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the physiological role of Stk1, and proteomic data will help further investigations of the roles and mechanisms of Stk1 in P. aeruginosa, although the detailed regulation and mechanism of Stk1 still need to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lantian Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyi Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Guan W, Wang T, Huang Q, Zhao M, Tian E, Liu Y, Liu B, Yang Y, Zhao T. Transcriptomic and Functional Analyses Reveal Roles of AclR, a luxR-type Global Regular, in Regulating Motility and Virulence of Acidovorax citrulli. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:952-961. [PMID: 33779205 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-21-0020-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
LuxR-type transcriptional regulators are essential for many physiological processes in bacteria, including pathogenesis. Acidovorax citrulli is a seedborne bacterial pathogen responsible for bacterial fruit blotch, which causes great losses in melon and watermelon worldwide. However, the LuxR-type transcriptional factors in A. citrulli have not been well studied, except for the previously reported LuxR-type regulatory protein, AcrR, involved in regulating virulence and motility. Here, we characterized a second LuxR-type regulator, AclR, in the group II strain Aac-5 of A. citrulli by mutagenesis, virulence and motility assays, and transcriptomic analysis. Deletion of aclR resulted in impaired twitching and swimming motility and flagellar formation and diminished virulence but increased biofilm formation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 1,379 genes were differentially expressed in the aclR mutant strain, including 29 genes involved in flagellar assembly and 3 involved in pili formation, suggesting a regulatory role for AclR in multiple important biological functions of A. citrulli. Together, our results not only indicate that AclR plays a global role in transcriptional regulation in A. citrulli influencing motility, biofilm formation, and virulence but also provide perspective regarding the regulatory network of biological functions in A. citrulli.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tielin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, U.S.A
| | - Eryuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingchang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Morin CD, Déziel E, Gauthier J, Levesque RC, Lau GW. An Organ System-Based Synopsis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Virulence 2021; 12:1469-1507. [PMID: 34180343 PMCID: PMC8237970 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1926408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven in part by its metabolic versatility, high intrinsic antibiotic resistance, and a large repertoire of virulence factors, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is expertly adapted to thrive in a wide variety of environments, and in the process, making it a notorious opportunistic pathogen. Apart from the extensively studied chronic infection in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis (CF), P. aeruginosa also causes multiple serious infections encompassing essentially all organs of the human body, among others, lung infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, primary ciliary dyskinesia and ventilator-associated pneumonia; bacteremia and sepsis; soft tissue infection in burns, open wounds and postsurgery patients; urinary tract infection; diabetic foot ulcers; chronic suppurative otitis media and otitis externa; and keratitis associated with extended contact lens use. Although well characterized in the context of CF, pathogenic processes mediated by various P. aeruginosa virulence factors in other organ systems remain poorly understood. In this review, we use an organ system-based approach to provide a synopsis of disease mechanisms exerted by P. aeruginosa virulence determinants that contribute to its success as a versatile pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Morin
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeff Gauthier
- Département De Microbiologie-infectiologie Et Immunologie, Institut De Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger C Levesque
- Département De Microbiologie-infectiologie Et Immunologie, Institut De Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gee W Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, US
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18
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Lam T, Ellison CK, Eddington DT, Brun YV, Dalia AB, Morrison DA. Competence pili in Streptococcus pneumoniae are highly dynamic structures that retract to promote DNA uptake. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:381-396. [PMID: 33754381 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The competence pili of transformable Gram-positive species are phylogenetically related to the diverse and widespread class of extracellular filamentous organelles known as type IV pili. In Gram-negative bacteria, type IV pili act through dynamic cycles of extension and retraction to carry out diverse activities including attachment, motility, protein secretion, and DNA uptake. It remains unclear whether competence pili in Gram-positive species exhibit similar dynamic activity, and their mechanism of action for DNA uptake remains unclear. They are hypothesized to either (1) leave transient cavities in the cell wall that facilitate DNA passage, (2) form static adhesins to enrich DNA near the cell surface for subsequent uptake by membrane-embedded transporters, or (3) play an active role in translocating bound DNA via dynamic activity. Here, we use a recently described pilus labeling approach to demonstrate that competence pili in Streptococcus pneumoniae are highly dynamic structures that rapidly extend and retract from the cell surface. By labeling the principal pilus monomer, ComGC, with bulky adducts, we further demonstrate that pilus retraction is essential for natural transformation. Together, our results suggest that Gram-positive competence pili in other species may also be dynamic and retractile structures that play an active role in DNA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney K Ellison
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David T Eddington
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yves V Brun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ankur B Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Donald A Morrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Park AJ, Wright MA, Roach EJ, Khursigara CM. Imaging host-pathogen interactions using epithelial and bacterial cell infection models. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/5/jcs250647. [PMID: 33622798 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-old saying, seeing is believing, could not be truer when we think about the value of imaging interactions between epithelial cells and bacterial pathogens. Imaging and culturing techniques have vastly improved over the years, and the breadth and depth of these methods is ever increasing. These technical advances have benefited researchers greatly; however, due to the large number of potential model systems and microscopy techniques to choose from, it can be overwhelming to select the most appropriate tools for your research question. This Review discusses a variety of available epithelial culturing methods and quality control experiments that can be performed, and outlines various options commonly used to fluorescently label bacterial and mammalian cell components. Both light- and electron-microscopy techniques are reviewed, with descriptions of both technical aspects and common applications. Several examples of imaging bacterial pathogens and their interactions with epithelial cells are discussed to provide researchers with an idea of the types of biological questions that can be successfully answered by using microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Madison A Wright
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elyse J Roach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.,Molecular and Cellular Imaging Facility, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Cezar M Khursigara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada .,Molecular and Cellular Imaging Facility, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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20
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Carabelli A, Isgró M, Sanni O, Figueredo GP, Winkler DA, Burroughs L, Blok AJ, Dubern JF, Pappalardo F, Hook AL, Williams P, Alexander MR. Single-Cell Tracking on Polymer Microarrays Reveals the Impact of Surface Chemistry on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Twitching Speed and Biofilm Development. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8471-8480. [PMID: 34308271 PMCID: PMC8291582 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms exhibit up to 1000 times greater resistance to antibiotic or host immune clearance than planktonic cells. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces retractable type IV pili (T4P) that facilitate twitching motility on surfaces. The deployment of pili is one of the first responses of bacteria to surface interactions and because of their ability to contribute to cell surface adhesion and biofilm formation, this has relevance to medical device-associated infections. While polymer chemistry is known to influence biofilm development, its impact on twitching motility is not understood. Here, we combine a polymer microarray format with time-lapse automated microscopy to simultaneously assess P. aeruginosa twitching motility on 30 different methacrylate/acrylate polymers over 60 min post inoculation using a high-throughput system. During this critical initial period where the decision to form a biofilm is thought to occur, similar numbers of bacterial cells accumulate on each polymer. Twitching motility is observed on all polymers irrespective of their chemistry and physical surface properties, in contrast to the differential biofilm formation noted after 24 h of incubation. However, on the microarray polymers, P. aeruginosa cells twitch at significantly different speeds, ranging from 5 to ∼13 nm/s, associated with crawling or walking and are distinguishable from the different cell surface tilt angles observed. Chemometric analysis using partial least-squares (PLS) regression identifies correlations between surface chemistry, as measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and both biofilm formation and single-cell twitching speed. The relationships between surface chemistry and these two responses are different for each process. There is no correlation between polymer surface stiffness and roughness as determined by atomic force measurement (AFM), or water contact angle (WCA), and twitching speed or biofilm formation. This reinforces the dominant and distinct contributions of material surface chemistry to twitching speed and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro
M. Carabelli
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Marco Isgró
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Olutoba Sanni
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | | | - David A. Winkler
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville 3052, Australia
- La Trobe
Institute for Molecular Science, la Trobe
University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
- CSIRO
Data61, Pullenvale 4069, Australia
| | - Laurence Burroughs
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Blok
- Division
of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- Biodiscovery
Institute and School of Life Sciences, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Francesco Pappalardo
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Paul Williams
- Biodiscovery
Institute and School of Life Sciences, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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21
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Armentrout EI, Kundracik EC, Rietsch A. Cell-type-specific hypertranslocation of effectors by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:305-319. [PMID: 33012037 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many Gram-negative pathogens use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to promote disease by injecting effector proteins into host cells. Common to many T3SSs is that injection of effector proteins is feedback inhibited. The mechanism of feedback inhibition and its role in pathogenesis are unclear. In the case of P. aeruginosa, the effector protein ExoS is central to limiting effector injection. ExoS is bifunctional, with an amino-terminal RhoGAP and a carboxy-terminal ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. We demonstrate that both domains are required to fully feedback inhibit effector injection. The RhoGAP-, but not the ADP-ribosyltransferase domain of the related effector protein ExoT also participates. Feedback inhibition does not involve translocator insertion nor pore-formation. Instead, feedback inhibition is due, in part, to a loss of the activating trigger for effector injection, and likely also decreased translocon stability. Surprisingly, feedback inhibition is abrogated in phagocytic cells. The lack of feedback inhibition in these cells requires phagocytic uptake of the bacteria, but cannot be explained through acidification of the phagosome or calcium limitation. Given that phagocytes are crucial for controlling P. aeruginosa infections, our data suggest that feedback inhibition allows P. aeruginosa to direct its effector arsenal against the cell types most damaging to its survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin I Armentrout
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emma C Kundracik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arne Rietsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Ha CWY, Martin A, Sepich-Poore GD, Shi B, Wang Y, Gouin K, Humphrey G, Sanders K, Ratnayake Y, Chan KSL, Hendrick G, Caldera JR, Arias C, Moskowitz JE, Ho Sui SJ, Yang S, Underhill D, Brady MJ, Knott S, Kaihara K, Steinbaugh MJ, Li H, McGovern DPB, Knight R, Fleshner P, Devkota S. Translocation of Viable Gut Microbiota to Mesenteric Adipose Drives Formation of Creeping Fat in Humans. Cell 2020; 183:666-683.e17. [PMID: 32991841 PMCID: PMC7521382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A mysterious feature of Crohn's disease (CD) is the extra-intestinal manifestation of "creeping fat" (CrF), defined as expansion of mesenteric adipose tissue around the inflamed and fibrotic intestine. In the current study, we explore whether microbial translocation in CD serves as a central cue for CrF development. We discovered a subset of mucosal-associated gut bacteria that consistently translocated and remained viable in CrF in CD ileal surgical resections, and identified Clostridium innocuum as a signature of this consortium with strain variation between mucosal and adipose isolates, suggesting preference for lipid-rich environments. Single-cell RNA sequencing characterized CrF as both pro-fibrotic and pro-adipogenic with a rich milieu of activated immune cells responding to microbial stimuli, which we confirm in gnotobiotic mice colonized with C. innocuum. Ex vivo validation of expression patterns suggests C. innocuum stimulates tissue remodeling via M2 macrophages, leading to an adipose tissue barrier that serves to prevent systemic dissemination of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie W Y Ha
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anthony Martin
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gregory D Sepich-Poore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Baochen Shi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kenneth Gouin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karenina Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Gustaf Hendrick
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - J R Caldera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christian Arias
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jacob E Moskowitz
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaohong Yang
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - David Underhill
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Matthew J Brady
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Simon Knott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Michael J Steinbaugh
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Phillip Fleshner
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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23
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Zhang W, Zhao Y, Wang W, Peng J, Li Y, Shangguan Y, Ouyang G, Xu M, Wang S, Wei J, Wei H, Li W, Yang Z. Colloidal Surface Engineering: Growth of Layered Double Hydroxides with Intrinsic Oxidase-Mimicking Activities to Fight Against Bacterial Infection in Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000092. [PMID: 32729238 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal surface engineering is of particular importance to impart modular functionalities to the colloidal systems. Here, a layer of Mn/Ni layered hydroxides (Mn/Ni(OH)x LDHs) can be successfully coated on various colloidal particles, such as silica spheres, silica rods, ferrite nanocrystal supraparticles, as well as FeOOH nanorods. Such layered hydroxides have intrinsic oxidase-mimetic activities, as demonstrated by catalytic oxidation of tetramethyl benzidine in the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, Mn/Ni(OH)x LDHs structure seems to capture bacteria (both Gram positive and Gram negative) and exhibit antibacterial properties in vitro. Moreover, local delivery of Mn/Ni-LDH structure fights against infection and reverses delayed wound healing procedures in mice models. Importantly, such hierarchical structures may have strong adhesive properties to the bacteria, which may maximize the contact between Mn/Ni(OH)x LDHs and the bacteria's surface. Overall, the present versatile colloidal surface engineering strategy will bring new insights in the field of antibiotics for its high efficiency toward antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
| | - Jiangfan Peng
- Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
| | - Yangtao Shangguan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
| | - Gege Ouyang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Huiying Wei
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pathology Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
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24
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Current Knowledge and Future Directions in Developing Strategies to Combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5509-5528. [PMID: 32750389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the face of growing antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need for the development of effective strategies to target Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This metabolically versatile bacterium can cause a wide range of severe opportunistic infections in patients with serious underlying medical conditions, such as those with burns, surgical wounds or people with cystic fibrosis. Many of the key adaptations that arise in this organism during infection are centered on core metabolism and virulence factor synthesis. Interfering with these processes may provide a new strategy to combat infection which could be combined with conventional antibiotics. This review will provide an overview of the most recent work that has advanced our understanding of P. aeruginosa infection. Strategies that exploit this recent knowledge to combat infection will be highlighted alongside potential alternative therapeutic options and their limitations.
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25
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Silva YRDO, Contreras-Martel C, Macheboeuf P, Dessen A. Bacterial secretins: Mechanisms of assembly and membrane targeting. Protein Sci 2020; 29:893-904. [PMID: 32020694 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Secretion systems are employed by bacteria to transport macromolecules across membranes without compromising their integrities. Processes including virulence, colonization, and motility are highly dependent on the secretion of effector molecules toward the immediate cellular environment, and in some cases, into the host cytoplasm. In Type II and Type III secretion systems, as well as in Type IV pili, homomultimeric complexes known as secretins form large pores in the outer bacterial membrane, and the localization and assembly of such 1 MDa molecules often relies on pilotins or accessory proteins. Significant progress has been made toward understanding details of interactions between secretins and their partner proteins using approaches ranging from bacterial genetics to cryo electron microscopy. This review provides an overview of the mode of action of pilotins and accessory proteins for T2SS, T3SS, and T4PS secretins, highlighting recent near-atomic resolution cryo-EM secretin complex structures and underlining the importance of these interactions for secretin functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Rafael de Oliveira Silva
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Contreras-Martel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Pauline Macheboeuf
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Andréa Dessen
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
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26
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Fleiszig SMJ, Kroken AR, Nieto V, Grosser MR, Wan SJ, Metruccio MME, Evans DJ. Contact lens-related corneal infection: Intrinsic resistance and its compromise. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 76:100804. [PMID: 31756497 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses represent a widely utilized form of vision correction with more than 140 million wearers worldwide. Although generally well-tolerated, contact lenses can cause corneal infection (microbial keratitis), with an approximate annualized incidence ranging from ~2 to ~20 cases per 10,000 wearers, and sometimes resulting in permanent vision loss. Research suggests that the pathogenesis of contact lens-associated microbial keratitis is complex and multifactorial, likely requiring multiple conspiring factors that compromise the intrinsic resistance of a healthy cornea to infection. Here, we outline our perspective of the mechanisms by which contact lens wear sometimes renders the cornea susceptible to infection, focusing primarily on our own research efforts during the past three decades. This has included studies of host factors underlying the constitutive barrier function of the healthy cornea, its response to bacterial challenge when intrinsic resistance is not compromised, pathogen virulence mechanisms, and the effects of contact lens wear that alter the outcome of host-microbe interactions. For almost all of this work, we have utilized the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa because it is the leading cause of lens-related microbial keratitis. While not yet common among corneal isolates, clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa have emerged that are resistant to virtually all currently available antibiotics, leading the United States CDC (Centers for Disease Control) to add P. aeruginosa to its list of most serious threats. Compounding this concern, the development of advanced contact lenses for biosensing and augmented reality, together with the escalating incidence of myopia, could portent an epidemic of vision-threatening corneal infections in the future. Thankfully, technological advances in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and imaging combined with emerging models of contact lens-associated P. aeruginosa infection hold promise for solving the problem - and possibly life-threatening infections impacting other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M J Fleiszig
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Graduate Group in Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Graduate Groups in Microbiology and Infectious Diseases & Immunity, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Abby R Kroken
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Nieto
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie J Wan
- Graduate Group in Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - David J Evans
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA
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