1
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Song S, Li X, Xue X, Dong W, Li C. Progress in the Study of the Role and Mechanism of HTRA1 in Diseases Related to Vascular Abnormalities. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1479-1491. [PMID: 38650587 PMCID: PMC11034561 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s456912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1) is a member of the serine protease family, comprising four structural domains: IGFBP domain, Kazal domain, protease domain and PDZ domain. HTRA1 encodes a serine protease, a secreted protein that is widely expressed in the vasculature. HTRA1 regulates a wide range of physiological processes through its proteolytic activity, and is also involved in a variety of vascular abnormalities-related diseases. This article reviews the role of HTRA1 in the development of vascular abnormalities-related hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), tumors and other diseases. Through relevant research advances to understand the role of HTRA1 in regulating signaling pathways or refolding, translocation, degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, thus directly or indirectly regulating angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and playing an important role in vascular homeostasis, further understanding the mechanism of HTRA1's role in vascular abnormality-related diseases is important for HTRA1 to be used as a therapeutic target in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shina Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changxin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Pera EM, Nilsson-De Moura J, Pomeshchik Y, Roybon L, Milas I. Inhibition of the serine protease HtrA1 by SerpinE2 suggests an extracellular proteolytic pathway in the control of neural crest migration. eLife 2024; 12:RP91864. [PMID: 38634469 PMCID: PMC11026092 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that SerpinE2 and the serine protease HtrA1 modulate fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in germ layer specification and head-to-tail development of Xenopus embryos. Here, we present an extracellular proteolytic mechanism involving this serpin-protease system in the developing neural crest (NC). Knockdown of SerpinE2 by injected antisense morpholino oligonucleotides did not affect the specification of NC progenitors but instead inhibited the migration of NC cells, causing defects in dorsal fin, melanocyte, and craniofacial cartilage formation. Similarly, overexpression of the HtrA1 protease impaired NC cell migration and the formation of NC-derived structures. The phenotype of SerpinE2 knockdown was overcome by concomitant downregulation of HtrA1, indicating that SerpinE2 stimulates NC migration by inhibiting endogenous HtrA1 activity. SerpinE2 binds to HtrA1, and the HtrA1 protease triggers degradation of the cell surface proteoglycan Syndecan-4 (Sdc4). Microinjection of Sdc4 mRNA partially rescued NC migration defects induced by both HtrA1 upregulation and SerpinE2 downregulation. These epistatic experiments suggest a proteolytic pathway by a double inhibition mechanism. SerpinE2 ┤HtrA1 protease ┤Syndecan-4 → NC cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar M Pera
- Vertebrate Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, University of LundLundSweden
| | - Josefine Nilsson-De Moura
- Vertebrate Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, University of LundLundSweden
| | - Yuriy Pomeshchik
- iPSC Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund Stem Cell Center, Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Laurent Roybon
- iPSC Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund Stem Cell Center, Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Ivana Milas
- Vertebrate Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, University of LundLundSweden
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3
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Harkness RW, Zhao H, Toyama Y, Schuck P, Kay LE. Exploring Host-Guest Interactions within a 600 kDa DegP Protease Cage Complex Using Hydrodynamics Measurements and Methyl-TROSY NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8242-8259. [PMID: 38477967 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The DegP protease-chaperone operates within the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria, where it assists in the regulation of protein homeostasis, promotes virulence, and is essential to survival under stress. To carry out these tasks, DegP forms a network of preorganized apo oligomers that facilitate the capture of substrates within distributions of cage-like complexes which expand to encapsulate clients of various sizes. Although the architectures of DegP cage complexes are well understood, little is known about the structures, dynamics, and interactions of client proteins within DegP cages and the relationship between client structural dynamics and function. Here, we probe host-guest interactions within a 600 kDa DegP cage complex throughout the DegP activation cycle using a model α-helical client protein through a combination of hydrodynamics measurements, methyl-transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy-based solution nuclear magnetic resonance studies, and proteolytic activity assays. We find that in the presence of the client, DegP cages assemble cooperatively with few intermediates. Our data further show that the N-terminal half of the bound client, which projects into the interior of the cages, is predominantly unfolded and flexible, and exchanges between multiple conformational states over a wide range of time scales. Finally, we show that a concerted structural transition of the protease domains of DegP occurs upon client engagement, leading to activation. Together, our findings support a model of DegP as a highly cooperative and dynamic molecular machine that stabilizes unfolded states of clients, primarily via interactions with their C-termini, giving rise to efficient cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yuki Toyama
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Lewis E Kay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 0A4, Canada
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4
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Chen S, Puri A, Bell B, Fritsche J, Palacios HH, Balch M, Sprunger ML, Howard MK, Ryan JJ, Haines JN, Patti GJ, Davis AA, Jackrel ME. HTRA1 disaggregates α-synuclein amyloid fibrils and converts them into non-toxic and seeding incompetent species. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2436. [PMID: 38499535 PMCID: PMC10948756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is closely linked to α-synuclein (α-syn) misfolding and accumulation in Lewy bodies. The PDZ serine protease HTRA1 degrades fibrillar tau, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, and inactivating mutations to mitochondrial HTRA2 are implicated in PD. Here, we report that HTRA1 inhibits aggregation of α-syn as well as FUS and TDP-43, which are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. The protease domain of HTRA1 is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting aggregation, yet this activity is proteolytically-independent. Further, HTRA1 disaggregates preformed α-syn fibrils, rendering them incapable of seeding aggregation of endogenous α-syn, while reducing HTRA1 expression promotes α-syn seeding. HTRA1 remodels α-syn fibrils by targeting the NAC domain, the key domain catalyzing α-syn amyloidogenesis. Finally, HTRA1 detoxifies α-syn fibrils and prevents formation of hyperphosphorylated α-syn accumulations in primary neurons. Our findings suggest that HTRA1 may be a therapeutic target for a range of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Anuradhika Puri
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Braxton Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Joseph Fritsche
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hector H Palacios
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Maurie Balch
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Macy L Sprunger
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Matthew K Howard
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jeremy J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jessica N Haines
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Albert A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Meredith E Jackrel
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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5
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Wang Y, Guan ZY, Shi SW, Jiang YR, Zhang J, Yang Y, Wu Q, Wu J, Chen JB, Ying WX, Xu QQ, Fan QX, Wang HF, Zhou L, Wang L, Fang J, Pan JZ, Fang Q. Pick-up single-cell proteomic analysis for quantifying up to 3000 proteins in a Mammalian cell. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1279. [PMID: 38341466 PMCID: PMC10858870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The shotgun proteomic analysis is currently the most promising single-cell protein sequencing technology, however its identification level of ~1000 proteins per cell is still insufficient for practical applications. Here, we develop a pick-up single-cell proteomic analysis (PiSPA) workflow to achieve a deep identification capable of quantifying up to 3000 protein groups in a mammalian cell using the label-free quantitative method. The PiSPA workflow is specially established for single-cell samples mainly based on a nanoliter-scale microfluidic liquid handling robot, capable of achieving single-cell capture, pretreatment and injection under the pick-up operation strategy. Using this customized workflow with remarkable improvement in protein identification, 2449-3500, 2278-3257 and 1621-2904 protein groups are quantified in single A549 cells (n = 37), HeLa cells (n = 44) and U2OS cells (n = 27) under the DIA (MBR) mode, respectively. Benefiting from the flexible cell picking-up ability, we study HeLa cell migration at the single cell proteome level, demonstrating the potential in practical biological research from single-cell insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Single-cell Proteomics Research Center, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Guan
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shao-Wen Shi
- Single-cell Proteomics Research Center, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Yi-Rong Jiang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Single-cell Proteomics Research Center, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian-Bo Chen
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Xin Ying
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qin-Qin Xu
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian-Xi Fan
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui-Feng Wang
- Single-cell Proteomics Research Center, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shanghai Omicsolution Co., Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Shanghai Omicsolution Co., Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jian-Zhang Pan
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Single-cell Proteomics Research Center, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Qun Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Single-cell Proteomics Research Center, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China.
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
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6
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Zhao W, Wu Y, Wang S, Zhao F, Liu W, Xue Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Han M, Li X, Huang B. HTRA1 promotes EMT through the HDAC6/Ac-α-tubulin pathway in human GBM cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14605. [PMID: 38334007 PMCID: PMC10853898 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infiltrative nature of human gliomas renders complete surgical removal of tumors futile. Thus, illuminating mechanisms of their infiltrative properties may improve therapies and outcomes of glioma patients. METHODS Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of PRSS family were undertaken. Transfection of HTRA1 siRNAs was used to suppress HTRA1 expression. CCK-8, EdU, and colony formation assay were employed to assess cell viability, and cell migration/invasion was detected by transwell, wound healing, and 3D tumor spheroid invasion assays. Immunoprecipitation was applied to study the mechanism that HTRA1 affected cell migration. In addition, in situ xenograft tumor model was employed to explore the role of HTRA1 in glioma growth in vivo. RESULTS HTRA1 knockdown could lead to suppression of cell viability, migration and invasion, as well as increased apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation results indicates HTRA1 might facilitate combination between HDAC6 and α-tubulin to enhance cell migration by decreasing α-tubulin acetylation. Besides, HTRA1 knockdown inhibited the growth of xenografts derived from orthotopic implantation of GBM cells and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that HTRA1 promotes the proliferation and migration of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo, and thus may be a potential target for treatment in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Yibo Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhiyi Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
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7
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Pan Y, Fu Y, Baird PN, Guymer RH, Das T, Iwata T. Exploring the contribution of ARMS2 and HTRA1 genetic risk factors in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 97:101159. [PMID: 36581531 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe irreversible central vision loss in individuals over 65 years old. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that the region at chromosome 10q26, where the age-related maculopathy susceptibility (ARMS2/LOC387715) and HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) genes are located, represents one of the strongest associated loci for AMD. However, the underlying biological mechanism of this genetic association has remained elusive. In this article, we extensively review the literature by us and others regarding the ARMS2/HTRA1 risk alleles and their functional significance. We also review the literature regarding the presumed function of the ARMS2 protein and the molecular processes of the HTRA1 protein in AMD pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo, including those of transgenic mice overexpressing HtrA1/HTRA1 which developed Bruch's membrane (BM) damage, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), similar to human AMD patients. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the ARMS2 and HTRA1 susceptibility loci has begun to untangle the complex biological pathways underlying AMD pathophysiology, pointing to new testable paradigms for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NC506, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paul N Baird
- Department of Surgery, (Ophthalmology), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Department of Surgery, (Ophthalmology), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Taraprasad Das
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute-Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan.
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8
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Merle DA, Sen M, Armento A, Stanton CM, Thee EF, Meester-Smoor MA, Kaiser M, Clark SJ, Klaver CCW, Keane PA, Wright AF, Ehrmann M, Ueffing M. 10q26 - The enigma in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101154. [PMID: 36513584 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite comprehensive research efforts over the last decades, the pathomechanisms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remain far from being understood. Large-scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) were able to provide a defined set of genetic aberrations which contribute to disease risk, with the strongest contributors mapping to distinct regions on chromosome 1 and 10. While the chromosome 1 locus comprises factors of the complement system with well-known functions, the role of the 10q26-locus in AMD-pathophysiology remains enigmatic. 10q26 harbors a cluster of three functional genes, namely PLEKHA1, ARMS2 and HTRA1, with most of the AMD-associated genetic variants mapping to the latter two genes. High linkage disequilibrium between ARMS2 and HTRA1 has kept association studies from reliably defining the risk-causing gene for long and only very recently the genetic risk region has been narrowed to ARMS2, suggesting that this is the true AMD gene at this locus. However, genetic associations alone do not suffice to prove causality and one or more of the 14 SNPs on this haplotype may be involved in long-range control of gene expression, leaving HTRA1 and PLEKHA1 still suspects in the pathogenic pathway. Both, ARMS2 and HTRA1 have been linked to extracellular matrix homeostasis, yet their exact molecular function as well as their role in AMD pathogenesis remains to be uncovered. The transcriptional regulation of the 10q26 locus adds an additional level of complexity, given, that gene-regulatory as well as epigenetic alterations may influence expression levels from 10q26 in diseased individuals. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on the 10q26 locus and its three gene products on various levels of biological complexity and discuss current and future research strategies to shed light on one of the remaining enigmatic spots in the AMD landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Merle
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Merve Sen
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela Armento
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chloe M Stanton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Eric F Thee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon J Clark
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, 6525EX, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pearse A Keane
- Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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9
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Chen S, Puri A, Bell B, Fritsche J, Palacios H, Balch M, Sprunger M, Howard M, Patterson J, Patti G, Davis A, Jackrel M. HtrA1 prevents and reverses α-synuclein aggregation, rendering it non-toxic and seeding incompetent. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2570571. [PMID: 37674720 PMCID: PMC10479434 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2570571/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is closely linked to the misfolding and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into Lewy bodies. HtrA1 is a PDZ serine protease that degrades fibrillar tau, which is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). Further, inactivating mutations to mitochondrial HtrA2 have been implicated in PD. Here, we establish that HtrA1 inhibits the aggregation of α-syn as well as FUS and TDP-43, which are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We demonstrate that the protease domain of HtrA1 is necessary and sufficient for inhibition of aggregation, yet this activity is independent of HtrA1 proteolytic activity. Further, we find that HtrA1 also disaggregates preformed α-syn fibrils, which may promote their clearance. Treatment of α-syn fibrils with HtrA1 renders α-syn incapable of seeding the aggregation of endogenous α-syn in mammalian biosensor cells. We find that HtrA1 remodels α-syn by specifically targeting the NAC domain, which is the key domain that catalyzes α-syn oligomerization and fibrillization. Finally, in a primary neuron model of α-syn aggregation, we show that HtrA1 and its proteolytically inactive form both detoxify α-syn and prevent the formation of hyperphosphorylated α-syn accumulations. Our findings suggest that HtrA1 prevents aggregation and promotes disaggregation of multiple disease-associated proteins, and may be a therapeutic target for treating a range of neurodegenerative disorders.
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10
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Chu ZC, Cong T, Zhao JY, Zhang J, Lou ZY, Gao Y, Tang X. The identification of hub-methylated differentially expressed genes in osteoarthritis patients is based on epigenomic and transcriptomic data. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1219830. [PMID: 37465641 PMCID: PMC10351907 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1219830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) refers to a commonly seen degenerative joint disorder and a major global public health burden. According to the existing literature, osteoarthritis is related to epigenetic changes, which are important for diagnosing and treating the disease early. Through early targeted treatment, costly treatments and poor prognosis caused by advanced osteoarthritis can be avoided. Methods This study combined gene differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the transcriptome with epigenome microarray data to discover the hub gene of OA. We obtained 2 microarray datasets (GSE114007, GSE73626) in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The R software was utilized for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs). By using WGCNA to analyze the relationships between modules and phenotypes, it was discovered that the blue module (MEBlue) has the strongest phenotypic connection with OA (cor = 0.92, p = 4e-16). The hub genes for OA, also known as the hub methylated differentially expressed genes, were identified by matching the MEblue module to differentially methylated differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, this study used Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) to identify specific signal pathways associated with hub genes. qRT-PCR and western blotting assays were used to confirm the expression levels of the hub genes in OA patients and healthy controls. Results Three hub genes were discovered: HTRA1, P2RY6, and RCAN1. GSVA analysis showed that high HTRA1 expression was mainly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apical junction; high expression of P2RY6 was mainly enriched in the peroxisome, coagulation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition; and high expression of RCAN1 was mainly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, TGF-β-signaling, and glycolysis. The results of the RT-qPCR and WB assay were consistent with the findings. Discussion The three genes tested may cause articular cartilage degeneration by inducing chondrocyte hypertrophy, regulating extracellular matrix accumulation, and improving macrophage pro-inflammatory response, resulting in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. They can provide new ideas for targeted treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Chen Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Cong
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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11
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Gogna N, Hyde LF, Collin GB, Stone L, Naggert JK, Nishina PM. Current Views on Chr10q26 Contribution to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:27-36. [PMID: 37440010 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the global aging population. Familial aggregation and genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified gene variants associated with AMD, implying a strong genetic contribution to AMD development. Two loci, on human Chr 1q31 and 10q26, respectively, represent the most influential of all genetic factors. While the role of CFH at Chr 1q31 is well established, uncertainty remains about the genes ARMS2 and HTRA1, at the Chr 10q26 locus. Since both genes are in strong linkage disequilibrium, assigning individual gene effects is difficult. In this chapter, we review current literature about ARMS2 and HTRA1 and their relevance to AMD risk. Future studies will be necessary to unravel the mechanisms by which they contribute to AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Stone
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
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12
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Lin X, Yang T, Liu X, Fan F, Zhou X, Li H, Luo Y. TGF-β/Smad Signalling Activation by HTRA1 Regulates the Function of Human Lens Epithelial Cells and Its Mechanism in Posterior Subcapsular Congenital Cataract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214431. [PMID: 36430917 PMCID: PMC9692351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract is the leading cause of blindness among children worldwide. Patients with posterior subcapsular congenital cataract (PSC) in the central visual axis can result in worsening vision and stimulus deprivation amblyopia. However, the pathogenesis of PSC remains unclear. This study aims to explore the functional regulation and mechanism of HTRA1 in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). HTRA1 was significantly downregulated in the lens capsules of children with PSC compared to normal controls. HTRA1 is a suppression factor of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway, which plays a key role in cataract formation. The results showed that the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway was activated in the lens tissue of PSC. The effect of HTRA1 on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis was measured in HLECs. In primary HLECs, the downregulation of HTRA1 can promote the proliferation and migration of HLECs by activating the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway and can significantly upregulate the TGF-β/Smad downstream target genes FN1 and α-SMA. HTRA1 was also knocked out in the eyes of C57BL/6J mice via adeno-associated virus-mediated RNA interference. The results showed that HTRA1 knockout can significantly upregulate p-Smad2/3 and activate the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway, resulting in abnormal proliferation and irregular arrangement of lens epithelial cells and leading to the occurrence of subcapsular cataract. To conclude, HTRA1 was significantly downregulated in children with PSC, and the downregulation of HTRA1 enhanced the proliferation and migration of HLECs by activating the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway, which led to the occurrence of PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; (T.Y.); (X.L.); (F.F.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Tianke Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; (T.Y.); (X.L.); (F.F.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; (T.Y.); (X.L.); (F.F.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; (T.Y.); (X.L.); (F.F.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiyue Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; (T.Y.); (X.L.); (F.F.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; (T.Y.); (X.L.); (F.F.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; (T.Y.); (X.L.); (F.F.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0)21-64377134
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13
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Boccellino M, Ambrosio P, Ballini A, De Vito D, Scacco S, Cantore S, Feola A, Di Donato M, Quagliuolo L, Sciarra A, Galasso G, Crocetto F, Imbimbo C, Boffo S, Di Zazzo E, Di Domenico M. The Role of Curcumin in Prostate Cancer Cells and Derived Spheroids. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143348. [PMID: 35884410 PMCID: PMC9320241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the clinical management of prostate cancer (PC) is to inhibit tumor growth and prevent metastatic spreading. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to discover new compounds useful for PC therapy, and promising advances in this field were reached. Drugs currently used in PC therapy frequently induce resistance and PC progresses toward metastatic castration-resistant forms (mCRPC), making it virtually incurable. Curcumin, a commercially available nutritional supplement, represents an attractive therapeutic agent for mCRPC patients. In the present study, we compared the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs such as docetaxel, paclitaxel, and cisplatin, to curcumin, on two PC cell lines displaying a different metastatic potential: DU145 (moderate metastatic potential) and PC-3 (high metastatic potential). Our results revealed a dose-dependent reduction of DU145 and PC-3 cell viability upon treatment with curcumin similar to chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel, cisplatin, and docetaxel). Furthermore, we explored the EGFR-mediated signaling effects on ERK activation in DU145 and PC-3 cells. Our results showed that DU145 and PC-3 cells overexpress EGFR, and the treatment with chemotherapeutic agents or curcumin reduced EGFR expression levels and ERK activation. Finally, chemotherapeutic agents and curcumin reduced the size of DU145 and PC-3 spheroids and have the potential to induce apoptosis and also in Matrigel. In conclusion, despite different studies being carried out to identify the potential synergistic curcumin combinations with chemopreventive/therapeutic efficacy for inhibiting PC growth, the results show the ability of curcumin used alone, or in combinatorial approaches, to impair the size and the viability of PC-derived spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Pasqualina Ambrosio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Danila De Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Independent Researcher, 70129 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Antonella Sciarra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA;
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA;
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14
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Tekola-Ayele F, Zeng X, Chatterjee S, Ouidir M, Lesseur C, Hao K, Chen J, Tesfaye M, Marsit CJ, Workalemahu T, Wapner R. Placental multi-omics integration identifies candidate functional genes for birthweight. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2384. [PMID: 35501330 PMCID: PMC9061712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal birthweight is associated with increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases in later life. Although the placenta is critical to fetal development and later life health, it has not been integrated into largescale functional genomics initiatives, and mechanisms of birthweight-associated variants identified by genome wide association studies (GWAS) are unclear. The goal of this study is to provide functional mechanistic insight into the causal pathway from a genetic variant to birthweight by integrating placental methylation and gene expression with established GWAS loci for birthweight. We identify placental DNA methylation and gene expression targets for several birthweight GWAS loci. The target genes are broadly enriched in cardiometabolic, immune response, and hormonal pathways. We find that methylation causally influences WNT3A, CTDNEP1, and RANBP2 expression in placenta. Multi-trait colocalization identifies PLEKHA1, FES, CTDNEP1, and PRMT7 as likely functional effector genes. These findings reveal candidate functional pathways that underpin the genetic regulation of birthweight via placental epigenetic and transcriptomic mechanisms. Clinical trial registration; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00912132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Xuehuo Zeng
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suvo Chatterjee
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marion Ouidir
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism (SenSMet), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism & National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ronald Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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H9c2 Cardiomyocytes under Hypoxic Stress: Biological Effects Mediated by Sentinel Downstream Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6874146. [PMID: 34630851 PMCID: PMC8497098 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6874146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The association between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases is well known. Related diabetes macro- and microangiopathies frequently induce hypoxia and consequently energy failure to satisfy the jeopardized myocardium basal needs. Additionally, it is widely accepted that diabetes impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, resulting in diminished nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and consequent endothelial cell dysfunction. In this study, we analyzed the embryonic heart-derived H9c2 cell response to hypoxic stress after administration of a high glucose concentration to reproduce a condition often observed in diabetes. We observed that 24 h hypoxia exposure of H9c2 cells reduced cell viability compared to cells grown in normoxic conditions. Cytotoxicity and early apoptosis were increased after exposure to high glucose administration. In addition, hypoxia induced a RhoA upregulation and a Bcl-2 downregulation and lowered the ERK activation observed in normoxia at both glucose concentrations. Furthermore, a significant cell proliferation rate increases after the 1400 W iNOS inhibitor administration was observed. Again, hypoxia increased the expression level of myogenin, a marker of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. The cardiomyocyte gene expression profiles and morphology changes observed in response to pathological stimuli, as hypoxia, could lead to improper ventricular remodeling responsible for heart failure. Therefore, understanding cell signaling events that regulate cardiac response to hypoxia could be useful for the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches able to prevent heart diseases.
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16
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Overview of Human HtrA Family Proteases and Their Distinctive Physiological Roles and Unique Involvement in Diseases, Especially Cancer and Pregnancy Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910756. [PMID: 34639128 PMCID: PMC8509474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian high temperature requirement A (HtrA) proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved serine proteases, consisting of four homologs (HtrA1-4) that are involved in many cellular processes such as growth, unfolded protein stress response and programmed cell death. In humans, while HtrA1, 2 and 3 are widely expressed in multiple tissues with variable levels, HtrA4 expression is largely restricted to the placenta with the protein released into maternal circulation during pregnancy. This limited expression sets HtrA4 apart from the rest of the family. All four HtrAs are active proteases, and their specific cellular and physiological roles depend on tissue type. The dysregulation of HtrAs has been implicated in many human diseases such as cancer, arthritis, neurogenerative ailments and reproductive disorders. This review first discusses HtrAs broadly and then focuses on the current knowledge of key molecular characteristics of individual human HtrAs, their similarities and differences and their reported physiological functions. HtrAs in other species are also briefly mentioned in the context of understanding the human HtrAs. It then reviews the distinctive involvement of each HtrA in various human diseases, especially cancer and pregnancy complications. It is noteworthy that HtrA4 expression has not yet been reported in any primary tumour samples, suggesting an unlikely involvement of this HtrA in cancer. Collectively, we accentuate that a better understanding of tissue-specific regulation and distinctive physiological and pathological roles of each HtrA will improve our knowledge of many processes that are critical for human health.
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17
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Chen M, Yang S, Wu Y, Zhao Z, Zhai X, Dong D. High temperature requirement A1 in cancer: biomarker and therapeutic target. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:513. [PMID: 34563186 PMCID: PMC8466973 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the life expectancy of the population increases worldwide, cancer is becoming a substantial public health problem. Considering its recurrence and mortality rates, most cancer cases are difficult to cure. In recent decades, a large number of studies have been carried out on different cancer types; unfortunately, tumor incidence and mortality have not been effectively improved. At present, early diagnostic biomarkers and accurate therapeutic strategies for cancer are lacking. High temperature requirement A1 (HtrA1) is a trypsin-fold serine protease that is also a chymotrypsin-like protease family member originally discovered in bacteria and later discovered in mammalian systems. HtrA1 gene expression is decreased in diverse cancers, and it may play a role as a tumor suppressor for promoting the death of tumor cells. This work aimed to examine the role of HtrA1 as a cell type-specific diagnostic biomarker or as an internal and external regulatory factor of diverse cancers. The findings of this study will facilitate the development of HtrA1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zirui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.
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18
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May A, Su F, Dinh B, Ehlen R, Tran C, Adivikolanu H, Shaw PX. Ongoing controversies and recent insights of the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus in age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108605. [PMID: 33930395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of central vision loss among elderly populations in industrialized countries. Genome-wide association studies have consistently associated two genomic loci with progression to late-stage AMD: the complement factor H (CFH) locus on chromosome 1q31 and the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2-HtrA serine peptidase 1 (ARMS2-HTRA1) locus on chromosome 10q26. While the CFH risk variant has been shown to alter complement activity, the ARMS2-HTRA1 risk haplotype remains enigmatic due to high linkage disequilibrium and inconsistent functional findings spanning two genes that are plausibly causative for AMD risk. In this review, we detail the genetic and functional evidence used to support either ARMS2 or HTRA1 as the causal gene for AMD risk, emphasizing both the historical development and the current understanding of the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus in AMD pathogenesis. We conclude by summarizing the evidence in favor of HTRA1 and present our hypothesis whereby HTRA1-derived ECM fragments mediate AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam May
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Fei Su
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Brian Dinh
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Rachael Ehlen
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Christina Tran
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Harini Adivikolanu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Peter X Shaw
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
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19
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Al-Rabadi LF, Caza T, Trivin-Avillach C, Rodan AR, Andeen N, Hayashi N, Williams B, Revelo MP, Clayton F, Abraham J, Lin E, Liou W, Zou CJ, Ramkumar N, Cummins T, Wilkey DW, Kawalit I, Herzog C, Storey A, Edmondson R, Sjoberg R, Yang T, Chien J, Merchant M, Arthur J, Klein J, Larsen C, Beck LH. Serine Protease HTRA1 as a Novel Target Antigen in Primary Membranous Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1666-1681. [PMID: 33952630 PMCID: PMC8425645 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of target antigens PLA2R, THSD7A, NELL1, or Semaphorin-3B can explain the majority of cases of primary membranous nephropathy (MN). However, target antigens remain unidentified in 15%-20% of patients. METHODS A multipronged approach, using traditional and modern technologies, converged on a novel target antigen, and capitalized on the temporal variation in autoantibody titer for biomarker discovery. Immunoblotting of human glomerular proteins followed by differential immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analysis was complemented by laser-capture microdissection followed by mass spectrometry, elution of immune complexes from renal biopsy specimen tissue, and autoimmune profiling on a protein fragment microarray. RESULTS These approaches identified serine protease HTRA1 as a novel podocyte antigen in a subset of patients with primary MN. Sera from two patients reacted by immunoblotting with a 51-kD protein within glomerular extract and with recombinant human HTRA1, under reducing and nonreducing conditions. Longitudinal serum samples from these patients seemed to correlate with clinical disease activity. As in PLA2R- and THSD7A- associated MN, anti-HTRA1 antibodies were predominantly IgG4, suggesting a primary etiology. Analysis of sera collected during active disease versus remission on protein fragment microarrays detected significantly higher titers of anti-HTRA1 antibody in active disease. HTRA1 was specifically detected within immune deposits of HTRA1-associated MN in 14 patients identified among three cohorts. Screening of 118 "quadruple-negative" (PLA2R-, THSD7A-, NELL1-, EXT2-negative) patients in a large repository of MN biopsy specimens revealed a prevalence of 4.2%. CONCLUSIONS Conventional and more modern techniques converged to identify serine protease HTRA1 as a target antigen in MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Farah Al-Rabadi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Claire Trivin-Avillach
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aylin R. Rodan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nicole Andeen
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Norifumi Hayashi
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Brandi Williams
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Monica P. Revelo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Fred Clayton
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jo Abraham
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Edwin Lin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Willisa Liou
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chang-Jiang Zou
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tim Cummins
- Clinical Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel W. Wilkey
- Clinical Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Issa Kawalit
- International Renal Care Association, Amman, Jordan
| | - Christian Herzog
- Nephrology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Aaron Storey
- Nephrology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Rick Edmondson
- Nephrology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ronald Sjoberg
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Davis, California
| | - Michael Merchant
- Clinical Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - John Arthur
- Nephrology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jon Klein
- Clinical Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky,Robley Rex Veterans Administration Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Laurence H. Beck
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Computational Design of Novel Allosteric Inhibitors for Plasmodium falciparum DegP. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092742. [PMID: 34066964 PMCID: PMC8141111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine protease, DegP exhibits proteolytic and chaperone activities, essential for cellular protein quality control and normal cell development in eukaryotes. The P. falciparum DegP is essential for the parasite survival and required to combat the oscillating thermal stress conditions during the infection, protein quality checks and protein homeostasis in the extra-cytoplasmic compartments, thereby establishing it as a potential target for drug development against malaria. Previous studies have shown that diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and the peptide SPMFKGV inhibit E. coli DegP protease activity. To identify novel potential inhibitors specific to PfDegP allosteric and the catalytic binding sites, we performed a high throughput in silico screening using Malaria Box, Pathogen Box, Maybridge library, ChEMBL library and the library of FDA approved compounds. The screening helped identify five best binders that showed high affinity to PfDegP allosteric (T0873, T2823, T2801, RJC02337, CD00811) and the catalytic binding site (T0078L, T1524, T2328, BTB11534 and 552691). Further, molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed RJC02337, BTB11534 as the best hits forming a stable complex. WaterMap and electrostatic complementarity were used to evaluate the novel bio-isosteric chemotypes of RJC02337, that led to the identification of 231 chemotypes that exhibited better binding affinity. Further analysis of the top 5 chemotypes, based on better binding affinity, revealed that the addition of electron donors like nitrogen and sulphur to the side chains of butanoate group are more favoured than the backbone of butanoate group. In a nutshell, the present study helps identify novel, potent and Plasmodium specific inhibitors, using high throughput in silico screening and bio-isosteric replacement, which may be experimentally validated.
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21
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Dere E, Crowell S, Maia M, Schuetz C, Lai P, Bantseev V, Booler H. Nonclinical Safety Assessment of FHTR2163, An Antigen-Binding Fragment Against HTRA1 for the Treatment of Geographic Atrophy. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:610-620. [PMID: 33297886 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320976095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
FHTR2163 is an antigen-binding fragment of a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody directed against high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) that is being developed as a potential intravitreal (ITV) treatment for patients with geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. The nonclinical toxicology program was designed to assess the safety and tolerability of HTRA1 inhibition following ITV administration of FHTR2163 to support ITV administration in patients with GA. FHTR2163 was well tolerated in a single-dose ITV-administered 8-day toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys following a 50 µL high (>700 mOsm/kg) osmolality formulation up to 12.5 mg/eye; however, 100 µL (2× 50 µL injections) of a high-osmolality formulation resulted in transient retinal detachment. Repeat-dose ITV administration every 2 weeks of FHTR2163 was well tolerated in 8- and 26-week studies with ITV injection of 100 µL (2× 50 μL) of iso-osmolar formulation up to 15 mg/eye, or 50 µL of the high-osmolality formulation up to 12.5 mg/eye. Observed transient and reversible ocular effects included inflammation and perivascular infiltrates, consistent with an immune response attributed to the administration of heterologous (humanized) protein. Overall, FHTR2163 was well tolerated, and the nonclinical package supported the continued clinical development of FHTR2163 in patients with GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Dere
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Crowell
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 7412Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mauricio Maia
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, 7412Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chris Schuetz
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phillip Lai
- Department of Early Clinical Development OMNI, 7412Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir Bantseev
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Booler
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of BIOmics and Pathology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Tian Y, Tang W, Yang S, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Zhao X, Liu C, Chen X, Shen C. HTRA1 Variants and the Interaction with Smoking Confer the Genetic Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1840-1847. [PMID: 33746601 PMCID: PMC7976583 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature requirement protein A1 (HtrA1) was identified as the causative gene of autosomal recessive arteriopathy and associated with lacunar ischemic stroke (IS) in European. This study aimed at evaluating the association of HTRA1 with IS and four tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in a cohort of 4,098 Chinese. The mRNA level of HTRA1 in 72 IS cases and 72 hypertension controls were measured and compared. In whole population, SNP rs2268350 (C>T) was significantly associated with IS incidence (P=0.034). Stratification analysis observed significant association of rs2268350 in male, smoking and drinking populations, rs2672587 (C>G) in smoking and nonsmoking populations and rs3793917 (C>G) in smoking, nonsmoking and nondrinking populations with stroke respectively (P<0.05). The additive interaction and multiplicative interaction between rs2268350 and smoking were both of significant (P<0.05) after adjustment for the covariates. There was a cumulated risk of IS among genotypes of rs3793917 (P=0.009) and rs2672587 (P=0.047) in smoking population. The mRNA level of HTRA1 in non-smokers with rs2268350 CC was significantly higher than smokers with rs2268350 CT/TT (P=0.046) in IS cases. Our findings support that HTRA1 confers the genetic susceptibility to IS and smoking might modify the genetic effect of HTRA1 on IS by suppressing HTRA1 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrui Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wuzhuang Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xianghai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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23
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Sabino F, Madzharova E, Auf dem Keller U. Cell density-dependent proteolysis by HtrA1 induces translocation of zyxin to the nucleus and increased cell survival. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:674. [PMID: 32826880 PMCID: PMC7442833 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteases modulate critical processes in cutaneous tissue repair to orchestrate inflammation, cell proliferation and tissue remodeling. However, the functional consequences and implications in healing impairments of most cleavage events are not understood. Using iTRAQ-based Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates (TAILS) we had characterized proteolytic signatures in a porcine wound healing model and identified two neo-N termini derived from proteolytic cleavage of the focal adhesion protein and mechanotransducer zyxin. Here, we assign these proteolytic events to the activity of either caspase-1 or serine protease HtrA1 and analyze the biological relevance of the resultant zyxin truncations. By cellular expression of full-length and truncated zyxin proteins, we demonstrate nuclear translocation of a C-terminal zyxin fragment that could also be generated in vitro by HtrA1 cleavage and provide evidence for its anti-apoptotic activities, potentially by regulating the expression of modulators of cell proliferation, protein synthesis and genome stability. Targeted degradomics correlated endogenous generation of the same zyxin fragment with increased cell density in human primary dermal fibroblasts. Hence, this newly identified HtrA1-zyxin protease signaling axis might present a novel mechanism to transiently enhance cell survival in environments of increased cell density like in wound granulation tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sabino
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeta Madzharova
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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A distinct concerted mechanism of structural dynamism defines activity of human serine protease HtrA3. Biochem J 2020; 477:407-429. [PMID: 31899476 PMCID: PMC6993860 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human HtrA3 (high-temperature requirement protease A3) is a trimeric multitasking propapoptotic serine protease associated with critical cellular functions and pathogenicity. Implicated in diseases including cancer and pre-eclampsia, its role as a tumor suppressor and potential therapeutic target cannot be ignored. Therefore, elucidating its mode of activation and regulatory switch becomes indispensable towards modulating its functions with desired effects for disease intervention. Using computational, biochemical and biophysical tools, we delineated the role of all domains, their combinations and the critical phenylalanine residues in regulating HtrA3 activity, oligomerization and specificity. Our findings underline the crucial roles of the N-terminus as well as the PDZ domain in oligomerization and formation of a catalytically competent enzyme, thus providing new insights into its structure–function coordination. Our study also reports an intricate ligand-induced allosteric switch, which redefines the existing hypothesis of HtrA3 activation besides opening up avenues for modulating protease activity favorably through suitable effector molecules.
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25
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Zurawa-Janicka D, Kobiela J, Slebioda T, Peksa R, Stanislawowski M, Wierzbicki PM, Wenta T, Lipinska B, Kmiec Z, Biernat W, Lachinski AJ, Sledzinski Z. Expression of HTRA Genes and Its Association with Microsatellite Instability and Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3947. [PMID: 32486357 PMCID: PMC7312515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HtrA proteases regulate cellular homeostasis and cell death. Their dysfunctions have been correlated with oncogenesis and response to therapeutic treatment. We investigated the relation between HtrA1-3 expression and clinicopathological, and survival data, as well as the microsatellite status of tumors. Sixty-five colorectal cancer patients were included in the study. The expression of HTRA1-3 was estimated at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Microsatellite status was determined by high-resolution-melting PCR. We found that the HTRA1 mRNA level was higher in colorectal cancer tissue as compared to the unchanged mucosa, specifically in primary lesions of metastasizing cancer. The levels of HtrA1 and HtrA2 proteins were reduced in tumor tissue when compared to unchanged mucosa, specifically in primary lesions of metastasizing disease. Moreover, a decrease in HTRA1 and HTRA2 transcripts' levels in cancers with a high level of microsatellite instability compared to microsatellite stable ones has been observed. A low level of HtrA1 or/and HtrA2 in cancer tissue correlated with poorer patient survival. The expression of HTRA1 and HTRA2 changes during colorectal carcinogenesis and microsatellite instability may be, at least partially, associated with these changes. The alterations in the HTRA1/2 genes' expression are connected with metastatic potential of colorectal cancer and may affect patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (T.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Jarek Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (A.J.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tomasz Slebioda
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.S.); (M.S.); (P.M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Rafal Peksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (R.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Marcin Stanislawowski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.S.); (M.S.); (P.M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Piotr Mieczyslaw Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.S.); (M.S.); (P.M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Tomasz Wenta
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (T.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (T.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.S.); (M.S.); (P.M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (R.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Andrzej Jacek Lachinski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (A.J.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Sledzinski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (A.J.L.); (Z.S.)
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26
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Li Y, Yuan J, Rothzerg E, Wu X, Xu H, Zhu S, Xu J. Molecular structure and the role of high-temperature requirement protein 1 in skeletal disorders and cancers. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12746. [PMID: 31867863 PMCID: PMC7048211 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human high‐temperature requirement protein 1 (HTRA1) is a member of serine proteases and consists of four well‐defined domains—an IGFBP domain, a Kazal domain, a protease domain and a PDZ domain. HTRA1 is a secretory protein and also present intracellularly and associated with microtubules. HTRA1 regulates a broad range of physiological processes via its proteolytic activity. This review examines the role of HTRA1 in bone biology, osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and tumorigenesis. HTRA1 mediates diverse pathological processes via a variety of signalling pathways, such as TGF‐β and NF‐κB. The expression of HTRA1 is increased in arthritis and IVD degeneration, suggesting that HTRA1 protein is attributed to cartilage degeneration and disease progression. Emerging evidence also suggests that HTRA1 has a role in tumorigenesis. Further understanding the mechanisms by which HTRA1 displays as an extrinsic and intrinsic regulator in a cell type–specific manner will be important for the development of HTRA1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jinbo Yuan
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emel Rothzerg
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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27
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Loss of the serine protease HTRA1 impairs smooth muscle cells maturation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18224. [PMID: 31796853 PMCID: PMC6890777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction is a hallmark of small vessel disease, a common cause of stroke and dementia. Two of the most frequently mutated genes in familial small vessel disease are HTRA1 and NOTCH3. The protease HTRA1 cleaves the NOTCH3 ligand JAG1 implying a mechanistic link between HTRA1 and Notch signaling. Here we report that HTRA1 is essential for VSMC differentiation into the contractile phenotype. Mechanistically, loss of HTRA1 increased JAG1 protein levels and NOTCH3 signaling activity in VSMC. In addition, the loss of HTRA1 enhanced TGFβ-SMAD2/3 signaling activity. Activation of either NOTCH3 or TGFβ signaling resulted in increased transcription of the HES and HEY transcriptional repressors and promoted the contractile VSMC phenotype. However, their combined over-activation led to an additive accumulation of HES and HEY proteins, which repressed the expression of contractile VSMC marker genes. As a result, VSMC adopted an immature phenotype with impaired arterial vasoconstriction in Htra1-deficient mice. These data demonstrate an essential role of HTRA1 in vascular maturation and homeostasis by controlling Notch and TGFβ signaling.
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Zarzecka U, Harrer A, Zawilak-Pawlik A, Skorko-Glonek J, Backert S. Chaperone activity of serine protease HtrA of Helicobacter pylori as a crucial survival factor under stress conditions. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:161. [PMID: 31796064 PMCID: PMC6892219 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine protease HtrA exhibits both proteolytic and chaperone activities, which are involved in cellular protein quality control. Moreover, HtrA is an important virulence factor in many pathogens including Helicobacter pylori, for which the crucial stage of infection is the cleavage of E-cadherin and other cell-to-cell junction proteins. METHODS The in vitro study of H. pylori HtrA (HtrAHp) chaperone activity was carried out using light scattering assays and investigation of lysozyme protein aggregates. We produced H. pylori ∆htrA deletion and HtrAHp point mutants without proteolytic activity in strain N6 and investigated the survival of the bacteria under thermal, osmotic, acidic and general stress conditions as well as the presence of puromycin or metronidazole using serial dilution tests and disk diffusion method. The levels of cellular and secreted proteins were examined using biochemical fraction and Western blotting. We also studied the proteolytic activity of secreted HtrAHp using zymography and the enzymatic digestion of β-casein. Finally, the consequences of E-cadherin cleavage were determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrate that HtrAHp displays chaperone activity that inhibits the aggregation of lysozyme and is stable under various pH and temperature conditions. Next, we could show that N6 expressing only HtrA chaperone activity grow well under thermal, pH and osmotic stress conditions, and in the presence of puromycin or metronidazole. In contrast, in the absence of the entire htrA gene the bacterium was more sensitive to a number of stresses. Analysing the level of cellular and secreted proteins, we noted that H. pylori lacking the proteolytic activity of HtrA display reduced levels of secreted HtrA. Moreover, we compared the amounts of secreted HtrA from several clinical H. pylori strains and digestion of β-casein. We also demonstrated a significant effect of the HtrAHp variants during infection of human epithelial cells and for E-cadherin cleavage. CONCLUSION Here we identified the chaperone activity of the HtrAHp protein and have proven that this activity is important and sufficient for the survival of H. pylori under multiple stress conditions. We also pinpointed the importance of HtrAHp chaperone activity for E- cadherin degradation and therefore for the virulence of this eminent pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Zarzecka
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aileen Harrer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Zawilak-Pawlik
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Skorko-Glonek
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Spliceosomal disruption of the non-canonical BAF complex in cancer. Nature 2019; 574:432-436. [PMID: 31597964 PMCID: PMC6858563 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SF3B1 is the most commonly mutated RNA splicing factor in cancer1-4, but the mechanisms by which SF3B1 mutations promote malignancy are poorly understood. Here we integrated pan-cancer splicing analyses with a positive-enrichment CRISPR screen to prioritize splicing alterations that promote tumorigenesis. We report that diverse SF3B1 mutations converge on repression of BRD9, which is a core component of the recently described non-canonical BAF chromatin-remodelling complex that also contains GLTSCR1 and GLTSCR1L5-7. Mutant SF3B1 recognizes an aberrant, deep intronic branchpoint within BRD9 and thereby induces the inclusion of a poison exon that is derived from an endogenous retroviral element and subsequent degradation of BRD9 mRNA. Depletion of BRD9 causes the loss of non-canonical BAF at CTCF-associated loci and promotes melanomagenesis. BRD9 is a potent tumour suppressor in uveal melanoma, such that correcting mis-splicing of BRD9 in SF3B1-mutant cells using antisense oligonucleotides or CRISPR-directed mutagenesis suppresses tumour growth. Our results implicate the disruption of non-canonical BAF in the diverse cancer types that carry SF3B1 mutations and suggest a mechanism-based therapeutic approach for treating these malignancies.
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Wenta T, Rychlowski M, Jarzab M, Lipinska B. HtrA4 Protease Promotes Chemotherapeutic-Dependent Cancer Cell Death. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101112. [PMID: 31546993 PMCID: PMC6829446 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The HtrA4 human protease is crucial in placentation and embryo implantation, and its altered level is connected with pre-eclampsia. The meta-analyses of microarray assays revealed that the HtrA4 level is changed in brain tumors and breast and prostate cancers, which suggests its involvement in oncogenesis. In spite of the HtrA4 involvement in important physiological and pathological processes, its function in the cell is poorly understood. In this work, using lung and breast cancer cell lines, we showed for the first time that the full-length HtrA4 and its N-terminally deleted variant promote cancer cell death induced by chemotherapeutic drugs by enhancing apoptosis. The effect is dependent on the HtrA4 proteolytic activity, and the N-terminally deleted HtrA4 is more efficient in the cell death stimulation. Furthermore, HtrA4 increases the effect of chemotherapeutics on the clonogenic potential and motility of cancer cells, and it increases cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. HtrA4 may modulate cell death by degrading the anti-apoptotic XIAP protein and also by proteolysis of the executioner pro-caspase 7 and cytoskeletal proteins, actin and β-tubulin. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of the HtrA4 protease function in cell death and oncogenesis, and they may help to develop new anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wenta
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Michal Rychlowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Miroslaw Jarzab
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
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31
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Wenta T, Jarzab M, Rychlowski M, Borysiak M, Latala A, Zurawa-Janicka D, Filipek A, Lipinska B. Cellular substrates and pro-apoptotic function of the human HtrA4 protease. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103505. [PMID: 31470122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human HtrA4 protein, belonging to the HtrA family of proteases/chaperones, participates in oncogenesis and placentation, and plays a role in preeclampsia. As the knowledge concerning the biochemical features of this protein and its role at the molecular level is limited, in this work we characterized the HtrA4 molecule and searched for its cellular function. We found that recombinant HtrA4 composed of the protease and PDZ domains is a trimeric protein of intermediate thermal stability whose activity is considerably lower compared to other human HtrA proteases. By pull-down combined with mass spectrometry we identified a large array of potential HtrA4 partners. Using other experimental approaches, including immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence microscopy we confirmed that HtrA4 formed complexes in vitro and in cellulo with proteins such as XIAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein), caspases 7 and 9, β-tubulin, actin, TCP1α and S100A6. The recombinant HtrA4 degraded XIAP, the caspases, β-tubulin and actin but not TCP1α or S100A6. Together, these results suggest that HtrA4 may influence various cellular functions, including apoptosis. Furthermore, the panel of potential HtrA4 partners may serve as a basis for future studies of HtrA4 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wenta
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Jarzab
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Rychlowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Borysiak
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Latala
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Zurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland.
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Wenta T, Rychlowski M, Jurewicz E, Jarzab M, Zurawa-Janicka D, Filipek A, Lipinska B. The HtrA3 protease promotes drug-induced death of lung cancer cells by cleavage of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). FEBS J 2019; 286:4579-4596. [PMID: 31260151 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
HtrA3 is a proapoptotic protease shown to promote drug-induced cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells and proposed to have an antitumor effect. However, at the molecular level, the role of HtrA3 in cell death induction is poorly understood. There are two HtrA3 isoforms, a long and a short one, termed HtrA3L and HtrA3S. By performing pull down assays, co-immunoprecipitation and ELISA, we showed that HtrA3 formed complexes with the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). The recombinant HtrA3 variants ΔN-HtrA3L and -S, lacking the N-terminal regions that are not essential for protease activity, cleaved XIAP with a comparable efficiency, though ΔN-HtrA3S was more active in the presence of cellular extract, suggesting the existence of an activating factor. Immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assays indicated that HtrA3 partially co-localized with XIAP. Exogenous ΔN-HtrA3L/S promoted apoptotic death of lung cancer cells treated with etoposide and caused a significant decrease of cellular XIAP levels, in a way dependent on HtrA3 proteolytic activity. These results collectively indicate that both HtrA3 isoforms stimulate drug-induced apoptotic death of lung cancer cells via XIAP cleavage and thus help to understand the molecular mechanism of HtrA3 function in apoptosis and in cancer cell death caused by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wenta
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Rychlowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk - Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Jurewicz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Jarzab
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Zurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland
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Gerhardt MJ, Marsh JA, Morrison M, Kazlauskas A, Khadka A, Rosenkranz S, DeAngelis MM, Saint-Geniez M, Jacobo SMP. ER stress-induced aggresome trafficking of HtrA1 protects against proteotoxicity. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 9:516-532. [PMID: 28992183 PMCID: PMC5823240 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperature requirement A1 (HtrA1) belongs to an ancient protein family that is linked to various human disorders. The precise role of exon 1-encoded N-terminal domains and how these influence the biological functions of human HtrA1 remain elusive. In this study, we traced the evolutionary origins of these N-terminal domains to a single gene fusion event in the most recent common ancestor of vertebrates. We hypothesized that human HtrA1 is implicated in unfolded protein response. In highly secretory cells of the retinal pigmented epithelia, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upregulated HtrA1. HtrA1 co-localized with vimentin intermediate filaments in highly arborized fashion. Upon ER stress, HtrA1 tracked along intermediate filaments, which collapsed and bundled in an aggresome at the microtubule organizing center. Gene silencing of HtrA1 altered the schedule and amplitude of adaptive signaling and concomitantly resulted in apoptosis. Restoration of wild-type HtrA1, but not its protease inactive mutant, was necessary and sufficient to protect from apoptosis. A variant of HtrA1 that harbored exon 1 substitutions displayed reduced efficacy in rescuing cells from proteotoxicity. Our results illuminate the integration of HtrA1 in the toolkit of mammalian cells against protein misfolding and the implications of defects in HtrA1 in proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Gerhardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department III of Internal Medicine, Cologne University Heart Center, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Margaux Morrison
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah and John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Arogya Khadka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Department III of Internal Medicine, Cologne University Heart Center, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Margaret M DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah and John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sarah Melissa P Jacobo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Boccellino M, Pinto F, Ieluzzi V, Giovane A, Quagliuolo L, Fariello C, Coppola M, Carlucci A, Santini M, Ferati K, Bexheti-Ferati A, Giordano A, Di Domenico M. Proteomics analysis of human serum of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer reveals proteins as diagnostic biomarker candidates. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23798-23806. [PMID: 31180588 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and it has a poor prognosis, because overall survival after 5 years is 20-25% for all stages. Thus, it is extremely important to increase the survival rate in the early stages NSCLC by focusing on novel screening tests of cancer identifying specific biomarkers expression associated with a more accurate tumor staging and patient prognosis. In this study, we focused our attention on quantitative proteomics of three heavily glycosylated serum proteins: AMBP, α2 macroglobulin, and SERPINA1. In particular, we analyzed serum samples from 20 NSCLC lung adenocarcinoma cancer patients in early and advanced stages, and 10 healthy donors to obtain a relative quantification through the MRM analysis of these proteins that have shown to be markers of cancer development and progression. AMBP, α2 macroglobulin, and SERPINA1 were chosen because all of them possess endopeptidase inhibitor activity and play key roles in cancer. We observe a variation in the expression of these proteins linked to the stage of the disease. Therefore, we believe that proteins like α2 macroglobulin, αmicroglobulin/bikunin, and SERPINA1 could be useful biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer and in monitoring its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Pinto
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ieluzzi
- Department of Cardio-Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Surgery Unit, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Fariello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Carlucci
- Department of Cardio-Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Surgery Unit, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Santini
- Department of Cardio-Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Surgery Unit, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Kenan Ferati
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tetovo, Tetovo, FYR of Macedonia
| | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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35
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Di Domenico M, Pinto F, Quagliuolo L, Contaldo M, Settembre G, Romano A, Coppola M, Ferati K, Bexheti-Ferati A, Sciarra A, Nicoletti GF, Ferraro GA, Boccellino M. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Hormones in Controlling Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31456748 PMCID: PMC6701166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of adipose tissue in the body occurs because the energy introduced with food and drink exceeds that expense, but to understand why this imbalance is established and why it is maintained over time, it is important to consider the main causes and risk factors of excess weight. In this review, we will refer to the main factors linked to obesity, starting from oxidative stress to hormonal factors including the role of obesity in breast cancer. Among the many hypotheses formulated on the etiopathology of obesity, a key role can be attributed to the relationship between stress oxidative and intestinal microbiota. Multiple evidences tend to show that genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle factors contribute to determine in the obese an imbalance of the redox balance correlated with the alteration of the intestinal microbial flora. Obesity acts negatively on the wound healing, in fact several studies indicate morbid obesity significantly increased the risk of a post-operative wound complication and infection. Currently, in the treatment of obesity, medical interventions are aimed not only at modifying caloric intake, but also to modulate and improve the composition of diet with the aim of rebalancing the microbiota-redox state axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Federica Pinto
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Settembre
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Kenan Ferati
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tetovo, Tetovo, Macedonia
| | | | - Antonella Sciarra
- Department of Translational Medicad Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
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Yanagi Y, Foo VHX, Yoshida A. Asian age-related macular degeneration: from basic science research perspective. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:34-49. [PMID: 30315261 PMCID: PMC6328602 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In Asian populations, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), a distinct phenotype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is more prevalent than Caucasians. Recently, there has been significant focus on how PCV differs from typical AMD. Although typical AMD and PCV share a variety of mechanisms by which abnormal angiogenic process occurs at the retinochoroidal interface, PCV has different clinical characteristics such as aneurysm-like dilation at the terminal of choroidal neovascular membranes, less frequent drusen and inner choroidal degeneration due to the thickened choroid. Recent studies support an important role for inflammation, angiogenesis molecules and lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD. Furthermore, although less attention has been paid to the role of the choroid in AMD, accumulating evidence suggests that the choriocapillaris and choroid also play a pivotal role in drusenogenesis, typical AMD and PCV. This review discusses the basic pathogenic mechanisms of AMD and explores the difference between typical AMD and PCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yanagi
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Valencia Hui Xian Foo
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akitoshi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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Gagné A, Têtu B, Orain M, Turcotte S, Plante M, Grégoire J, Renaud MC, Bairati I, Trueel D. HtrA1 expression and the prognosis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: a cohort study using digital analysis. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:57. [PMID: 30131069 PMCID: PMC6104006 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of high temperature requirement factor A1 (Htra1) has been reported to be decreased in ovarian carcinoma, but its prognostic effect remains undetermined. METHODS We evaluated the impact of HtrA1 downregulation in tumoral tissues on cancer progression and death in women with serous ovarian carcinoma. HtrA1 staining was performed on tissue microarrays (TMA) comprised of tumor samples from a cohort of 106 women who were diagnosed with primary high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and receiving standard treatment at the Québec University Hospital between 1993 and 2006. HtrA1 expression was assessed visually (percentage of positive nuclei) and by digital image analysis (percentage of positive area). Cox regression multivariate models included standard prognostic factors and were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for progression or death in the cohort. RESULTS By visual analysis, a low percentage of HtrA1-positive nuclei (< 10% vs ≥10%) tend to be associated with a lower risk of progression (aHR = 0.71; 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 0.46-1.09; P = 0.11) and mortality (aHR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.41-1.04; P = 0.07). Low nuclear HtrA1 expression assessed by digital image analysis (< median % vs ≥ median %) showed a significant association with lower risk of progression (aHR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.40-0.95; p = 0.03) and death (aHR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.38-0.95; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Altogether, our results demonstrate that nuclear downregulation of HtrA1 is associated with a better prognosis in women with high grade serous ovarian carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Cell Nucleus/chemistry
- Cell Nucleus/pathology
- Cohort Studies
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1/analysis
- Humans
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/mortality
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Gagné
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
- Anatomic Pathology and Cytology Department, Hôpital du St-Sacrement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Laval University, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, Québec G1S 4L8 Canada
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital du St-Sacrement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 1050, Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, Québec G1S 4L8 Canada
| | - Michèle Orain
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
- Anatomic Pathology and Cytology Department, Hôpital du St-Sacrement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Laval University, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, Québec G1S 4L8 Canada
| | - Stéphane Turcotte
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
| | - Marie Plante
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, L’Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
| | - Jean Grégoire
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, L’Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Renaud
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, L’Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
| | - Isabelle Bairati
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
| | - Dominique Trueel
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6 Canada
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, 058, rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 3J4 Canada
- The Research Centre of the University of Montreal Teaching Hospital (CR-CHUM)/Montreal Cancer Institute, 900 Rue St-Denis, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, University of Montreal, 2900, boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada
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Abstract
The HTRA1 gene encoding an evolutionary conserved protein quality-control factor can be epigenetically silenced or inactivated by mutation under pathologic conditions such as cancer. Recent evidence suggests that the loss of HTRA1 function causes multiple phenotypes, including the acceleration of cell growth, delayed onset of senescence, centrosome amplification, and polyploidy, suggesting an implication in the regulation of the cell cycle. To address this model, we performed a large-scale proteomics study to correlate the abundance of proteins and HTRA1 levels in various cell cycle phases using label-free-quantification mass spectrometry. These data indicate that the levels of 4723 proteins fluctuated in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, 2872 in a HTRA1-dependent manner, and 1530 in a cell-cycle- and HTRA1-dependent manner. The large number of proteins affected by the modulation of HTRA1 levels supports its general role in protein homeostasis. Moreover, the detected changes in protein abundance, in combination with pull-down data, implicate HTRA1 in various cell cycle events such as DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cell-cycle-dependent apoptosis. These results highlight the wide implications of HTRA1 in cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Schillinger
- Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse , 45141 Essen , Germany
| | - Katharina Severin
- Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse , 45141 Essen , Germany
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse , 45141 Essen , Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse , 45141 Essen , Germany
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse , 45141 Essen , Germany
- School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3US , United Kingdom
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Loss of HtrA1 serine protease induces synthetic modulation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196628. [PMID: 29768431 PMCID: PMC5955505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous mutations of human HTRA1 cause cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL). HtrA1-/- mice were examined for arterial abnormalities. Although their cerebral arteries were normal, the thoracic aorta was affected in HtrA1-/- mice. The number of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the aorta was increased in HtrA1-/- mice of 40 weeks or younger, but decreased thereafter. The cross-sectional area of the aorta was increased in HtrA1-/- mice of 40 weeks or older. Aortic VSMCs isolated from HtrA1-/- mice rapidly proliferated and migrated, produced high MMP9 activity, and were prone to oxidative stress-induced cell death. HtrA1-/- VSMCs expressed less smooth muscle α-actin, and more vimentin and osteopontin, and responded to PDGF-BB more strongly than wild type VSMCs, indicating that HtrA1-/- VSMCs were in the synthetic phenotype. The elastic lamina was disrupted, and collagens were decreased in the aortic media. Calponin in the media was decreased, whereas vimentin and osteopontin were increased, suggesting a synthetic shift of VSMCs in vivo. Loss of HtrA1 therefore skews VSMCs toward the synthetic phenotype, induces MMP9 expression, and expedites cell death. We propose that the synthetic modulation is the primary event that leads to the vascular abnormalities caused by HtrA1 deficiency.
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40
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HtrA3 is a cellular partner of cytoskeleton proteins and TCP1α chaperonin. J Proteomics 2018; 177:88-111. [PMID: 29477555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human HtrA3 protease is involved in placentation, mitochondrial homeostasis, stimulation of apoptosis and proposed to be a tumor suppressor. Molecular mechanisms of the HtrA3 functions are poorly understood and knowledge concerning its cellular targets is very limited. There are two HtrA3 isoforms, the long (HtrA3L) and short (HtrA3S). Upon stress, their N-terminal domains are removed, resulting in the more active ΔN-HtrA3. By pull down and mass spectrometry techniques, we identified a panel of putative ΔN-HtrA3L/S substrates. We confirmed that ΔN-HtrA3L/S formed complexes with actin, β-tubulin, vimentin and TCP1α in vitro and in a cell and partially co-localized with the actin and vimentin filaments, microtubules and TCP1α in a cell. In vitro, both isoforms cleaved the cytoskeleton proteins, promoted tubulin polymerization and displayed chaperone-like activity, with ΔN-HtrA3S being more efficient in proteolysis and ΔN-HtrA3L - in polymerization. TCP1α, essential for the actin and tubulin folding, was directly bound by the ΔN-HtrA3L/S but not cleaved. These results indicate that actin, β-tubulin, vimentin, and TCP1α are HtrA3 cellular partners and suggest that HtrA3 may influence cytoskeleton dynamics. They also suggest different roles of the HtrA3 isoforms and a possibility that HtrA3 protease may also function as a co-chaperone. SIGNIFICANCE The HtrA3 protease stimulates apoptosis and is proposed to be a tumor suppressor and a therapeutic target, however little is known about its function at the molecular level and very few HtrA3 physiological substrates have been identified so far. Furthermore, HtrA3 is the only member of the HtrA family of proteins which, apart from the long isoform possessing the PD and PDZ domains (HtrA3L), has a short isoform (HtrA3S) lacking the PDZ domain. In this work we identified a large panel (about 150) of the tentative HtrA3L/S cellular partners which provides a good basis for further research concerning the HtrA3 function. We have shown that the cytoskeleton proteins actin, β-tubulin and vimentin, and the TCP1α chaperonin are cellular partners of both HtrA3 isoforms. Our findings indicate that HtrA3 may promote destabilization of the actin and vimentin cytoskeleton and suggest that it may influence the dynamics of the microtubule network, with the HtrA3S being more efficient in cytoskeleton protein cleavage and HtrA3L - in tubulin polymerization. Also, we have shown for the first time that HtrA3 has a chaperone-like, holdase activity in vitro - activity typical for co-chaperone proteins. The proposed HtrA3 influence on the cytoskeleton dynamics may be one of the ways in which HtrA3 promotes cell death and affects cancerogenesis. We believe that the results of this study provide a new insight into the role of HtrA3 in a cell and further confirm the notion that HtrA3 should be considered as a target of new anti-cancer therapies.
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Nillegoda NB, Wentink AS, Bukau B. Protein Disaggregation in Multicellular Organisms. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:285-300. [PMID: 29501325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregates are formed in cells with profoundly perturbed proteostasis, where the generation of misfolded proteins exceeds the cellular refolding and degradative capacity. They are a hallmark of protein conformational disorders and aged and/or environmentally stressed cells. Protein aggregation is a reversible process in vivo, which counteracts proteotoxicities derived from aggregate persistence, but the chaperone machineries involved in protein disaggregation in Metazoa were uncovered only recently. Here we highlight recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of the major protein disaggregation machinery mediated by the Hsp70 chaperone system and discuss emerging alternative disaggregation activities in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne S Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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42
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Altobelli E, Angeletti PM, Morroni M, Profeta VF. HtrA1 as a promising tissue marker in cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:143. [PMID: 29409460 PMCID: PMC5801749 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HtrA1 is expressed in a variety of normal human tissues and seems to be involved in numerous physiological processes as well as tumorigenesis. This study reports the results of a meta-analysis that was performed: to compare HtrA1 expression as mRNA and protein, in cancer tissue versus non-cancer tissue and to assess overall survival in relation to low or medium-high HtrA1 tissue expression. METHODS The PRISMA method was used for study selection. OR and HR with 95% confidence interval was used as a measure of effect size as appropriate. A random-effects model was applied to account for different sources of variation among studies. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Q statistic. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to check the stability of study findings. Egger's regression method was applied to test funnel plot asymmetry. RESULTS Sensitivity analysis indicated the stability of meta-analytic findings in each meta-analysis. The study found a significantly different HtrA1 expression in cancer and non-cancer tissue. The meta-analysis of the prognostic studies showed a different survival according to HtrA1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The present data may provide a contribution to future work directed at exploring the role of HtrA1 in tumor development and progression and at establishing whether it may be used as a promising tissue marker for some tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Altobelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Head of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Matteo Angeletti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Manrico Morroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Zhao J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Feng M, Qu J. High temperature requirement A3 (HTRA3) expression predicts postoperative recurrence and survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40725-40734. [PMID: 27166271 PMCID: PMC5130039 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its recurrence rate after complete resection is high, owing to local or distant metastases. Low expression of high temperature requirement A3 (HTRA3) has been reported to promote tumorigenesis, diminish the effects of anti-tumor treatments, and correlate with a malignant phenotype. To assess the involvement of HTRA3 in the prognosis of postoperative NSCLC, we obtained tumors from 78 patients who had undergone complete surgical resection, and immunohistochemically examined them for HTRA3 expression. HTRA3 was significantly down-regulated in lung cancer tissues compared with normal lung tissues, and only six tumor cases(7.7%) exhibited relatively high levels of HTRA3 (P < 0.001). Notably, high-HTRA3 patients were at significantly lower risk of postoperative recurrence than low-HTRA3 or HTRA3-negative patients (0% versus 31.2% and 35.0%; P = 0.044, 0.029, respectively). High expression of HTRA3 also independently indicated longer disease-free survival in Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio 0.39, 95%CI 0.16-0.95, P = 0.038). Ectopic expression of the long isoform of HTRA3 attenuated the invasion of an NSCLC cell line in a Transwell assay, while knockdown of HTRA3 had the converse effect. Thus, HTRA3 suppresses tumor cell invasiveness and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for postoperative recurrence or survival in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lentini G, El Hajj H, Papoin J, Fall G, Pfaff AW, Tawil N, Braun-Breton C, Lebrun M. Characterization of Toxoplasma DegP, a rhoptry serine protease crucial for lethal infection in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189556. [PMID: 29244879 PMCID: PMC5731766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the infection process, Apicomplexa discharge their secretory organelles called micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules to sustain host cell invasion, intracellular replication and to modulate host cell pathways and immune responses. Herein, we describe the Toxoplasma gondii Deg-like serine protein (TgDegP), a rhoptry protein homologous to High temperature requirement A (HtrA) or Deg-like family of serine proteases. TgDegP undergoes processing in both types I and II strains as most of the rhoptries proteins. We show that genetic disruption of the degP gene does not impact the parasite lytic cycle in vitro but affects virulence in mice. While in a type I strain DegPI appears dispensable for the establishment of an infection, removal of DegPII in a type II strain dramatically impairs the virulence. Finally, we show that KO-DegPII parasites kill immunodeficient mice as efficiently as the wild-type strain indicating that the protease might be involved in the complex crosstalk that the parasite engaged with the host immune response. Thus, this study unravels a novel rhoptry protein in T. gondii important for the establishment of lethal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Lentini
- UMR 5235 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Internal Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Julien Papoin
- UMR 5235 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gamou Fall
- UMR 5235 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander W. Pfaff
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 7292, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadim Tawil
- Department of Internal Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Maryse Lebrun
- UMR 5235 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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HtrA1 Mediated Intracellular Effects on Tubulin Using a Polarized RPE Disease Model. EBioMedicine 2017; 27:258-274. [PMID: 29269042 PMCID: PMC5828370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss. The protein HtrA1 is enriched in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells isolated from AMD patients and in drusen deposits. However, it is poorly understood how increased levels of HtrA1 affect the physiological function of the RPE at the intracellular level. Here, we developed hfRPE (human fetal retinal pigment epithelial) cell culture model where cells fully differentiated into a polarized functional monolayer. In this model, we fine-tuned the cellular levels of HtrA1 by targeted overexpression. Our data show that HtrA1 enzymatic activity leads to intracellular degradation of tubulin with a corresponding reduction in the number of microtubules, and consequently to an altered mechanical cell phenotype. HtrA1 overexpression further leads to impaired apical processes and decreased phagocytosis, an essential function for photoreceptor survival. These cellular alterations correlate with the AMD phenotype and thus highlight HtrA1 as an intracellular target for therapeutic interventions towards AMD treatment.
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Cabrera AC, Melo E, Roth D, Topp A, Delobel F, Stucki C, Chen CY, Jakob P, Banfai B, Dunkley T, Schilling O, Huber S, Iacone R, Petrone P. HtrA1 activation is driven by an allosteric mechanism of inter-monomer communication. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14804. [PMID: 29093542 PMCID: PMC5666011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human protease family HtrA is responsible for preventing protein misfolding and mislocalization, and a key player in several cellular processes. Among these, HtrA1 is implicated in several cancers, cerebrovascular disease and age-related macular degeneration. Currently, HtrA1 activation is not fully characterized and relevant for drug-targeting this protease. Our work provides a mechanistic step-by-step description of HtrA1 activation and regulation. We report that the HtrA1 trimer is regulated by an allosteric mechanism by which monomers relay the activation signal to each other, in a PDZ-domain independent fashion. Notably, we show that inhibitor binding is precluded if HtrA1 monomers cannot communicate with each other. Our study establishes how HtrA1 trimerization plays a fundamental role in proteolytic activity. Moreover, it offers a structural explanation for HtrA1-defective pathologies as well as mechanistic insights into the degradation of complex extracellular fibrils such as tubulin, amyloid beta and tau that belong to the repertoire of HtrA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Cortes Cabrera
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther Melo
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doris Roth
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Topp
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Delobel
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Stucki
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chia-Yi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Jakob
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Balazs Banfai
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Soladis GmbH, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Dunkley
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sylwia Huber
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Iacone
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paula Petrone
- Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED). Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Fundacion Pascual Maragall. Carrer de Wellington, 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
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Filliat G, Mirsaidi A, Tiaden AN, Kuhn GA, Weber FE, Oka C, Richards PJ. Role of HTRA1 in bone formation and regeneration: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181600. [PMID: 28732055 PMCID: PMC5521800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mammalian high temperature requirement protease A1 (HTRA1) in somatic stem cell differentiation and mineralized matrix formation remains controversial, having been demonstrated to impart either anti- or pro-osteogenic effects, depending on the in vitro cell model used. The aim of this study was therefore to further evaluate the role of HTRA1 in regulating the differentiation potential and lineage commitment of murine mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, and to assess its influence on bone structure and regeneration in vivo. Our results demonstrated that short hairpin RNA-mediated ablation of Htra1 in the murine mesenchymal cell line C3H10T1/2 increased the expression of several osteogenic gene markers, and significantly enhanced matrix mineralization in response to BMP-2 stimulation. These effects were concomitant with decreases in the expression of chondrogenic gene markers, and increases in adipogenic gene expression and lipid accrual. Despite the profound effects of loss-of-function of HTRA1 on this in vitro osteochondral model, these were not reproduced in vivo, where bone microarchitecture and regeneration in 16-week-old Htra1-knockout mice remained unaltered as compared to wild-type controls. By comparison, analysis of femurs from 52-week-old mice revealed that bone structure was better preserved in Htra1-knockout mice than age-matched wild-type controls. These findings therefore provide additional insights into the role played by HTRA1 in regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, and offer opportunities for improving our understanding of how this multifunctional protease may act to influence bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Filliat
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André N. Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A. Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chio Oka
- Division of Gene Function in Animals, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Peter J. Richards
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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48
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Zurawa-Janicka D, Wenta T, Jarzab M, Skorko-Glonek J, Glaza P, Gieldon A, Ciarkowski J, Lipinska B. Structural insights into the activation mechanisms of human HtrA serine proteases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 621:6-23. [PMID: 28396256 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human HtrA1-4 proteins belong to the HtrA family of evolutionarily conserved serine proteases and function as important modulators of many physiological processes, including maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, cell signaling and apoptosis. Disturbances in their action are linked to severe diseases, including oncogenesis and neurodegeneration. The HtrA1-4 proteins share structural and functional features of other members of the HtrA protein family, however there are several significant differences in structural architecture and mechanisms of action which makes each of them unique. Our goal is to present recent studies regarding human HtrAs. We focus on their physiological functions, structure and regulation, and describe current models of activation mechanisms. Knowledge of molecular basis of the human HtrAs' action is a subject of great interest; it is crucial for understanding their relevance in cellular physiology and pathogenesis as well as for using them as targets in future therapies of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wenta
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Jarzab
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Skorko-Glonek
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Glaza
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Artur Gieldon
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ciarkowski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract
Proteases play an important role in health and disease of the lung. In the normal lungs, proteases maintain their homeostatic functions that regulate processes like its regeneration and repair. Dysregulation of proteases–antiproteases balance is crucial in the manifestation of different types of lung diseases. Chronic inflammatory lung pathologies are associated with a marked increase in protease activities. Thus, in addition to protease activities, inhibition of anti-proteolytic control mechanisms are also important for effective microbial infection and inflammation in the lung. Herein, we briefly summarize the role of different proteases and to some extent antiproteases in regulating a variety of lung diseases.
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Rotan O, Severin KN, Pöpsel S, Peetsch A, Merdanovic M, Ehrmann M, Epple M. Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:381-393. [PMID: 28326227 PMCID: PMC5331334 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficient intracellular delivery of (bio)molecules into living cells remains a challenge in biomedicine. Many biomolecules and synthetic drugs are not able to cross the cell membrane, which is a problem if an intracellular mode of action is desired, for example, with a nuclear receptor. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles can serve as carriers for small and large biomolecules as well as for synthetic compounds. The nanoparticles were prepared and colloidally stabilized with either polyethyleneimine (PEI; cationic nanoparticles) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; anionic nanoparticles) and loaded with defined amounts of the fluorescently labelled proteins HTRA1, HTRA2, and BSA. The nanoparticles were purified by ultracentrifugation and characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Various cell types (HeLa, MG-63, THP-1, and hMSC) were incubated with fluorescently labelled proteins alone or with protein-loaded cationic and anionic nanoparticles. The cellular uptake was followed by light and fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and flow cytometry. All proteins were readily transported into the cells by cationic calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Notably, only HTRA1 was able to penetrate the cell membrane of MG-63 cells in dissolved form. However, the application of endocytosis inhibitors revealed that the uptake pathway was different for dissolved HTRA1 and HTRA1-loaded nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rotan
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina N Severin
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Pöpsel
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Peetsch
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Melisa Merdanovic
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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