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Xia S, Xi F, Ou K, Zhang Y, Ni H, Wang C, Wang Q. The effects of EGCG supplementation on pancreatic islet α and β cells distribution in adult male mice. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109529. [PMID: 37951555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Tea and tea products are widely used as the most popular beverage in the world. EGCG is the most abundant bioactive tea polyphenol in green tea, which has positive effects on the prevention and treatment of diabetes. However, the impact of EGCG exposure on glucose homeostasis and islets in adult mice have not been reported. In this study, we studied glucose homeostasis and the morphological and molecular changes of pancreatic islet α and β cells in adult male mice after 60 d of exposure to 1 and 10 mg/kg/day EGCG by drinking water. Glucose homeostasis was not affected in both EGCG groups. The expression of pancreatic duodenal homebox1 (Pdx1) in β cells was upregulated, which might be related to increased insulin level, β cell mass and β cell proliferation in 10 mg/kg/day EGCG group. The expression of aristaless-related homeobox (Arx) in α cells did not change significantly, which corresponded with the unchanged α-cell mass. The significant reduction of musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MafB) positive α-cells might be associated with decreased glucagon level in both EGCG groups. These results suggest that EGCG supplementation dose-dependent increases β cell mass of adult mice and affects the levels of serum insulin and glucagon. Our results show that regular tea drinking in healthy people may have the possibility of preventing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Feifei Xi
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Huizhen Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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2
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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Muller CJF. Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6216-6245. [PMID: 37623211 PMCID: PMC10453321 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased cell death and loss of beta-cell mass despite chronic treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in developing beta cell-centered therapies. Beta-cell regeneration is mediated by augmented beta-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation of other islet cell types to functional beta-like cells or the reprograming of beta-cell progenitors into fully differentiated beta cells. This mediation is orchestrated by beta-cell differentiation transcription factors and the regulation of the cell cycle machinery. This review investigates the beta-cell regenerative potential of antidiabetic plant extracts and phytochemicals. Various preclinical studies, including in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, are highlighted. Further, the potential regenerative mechanisms and the intra and extracellular mediators that are of significance are discussed. Also, the potential of phytochemicals to translate into regenerative therapies for T2D patients is highlighted, and some suggestions regarding future perspectives are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christo John Fredrick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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3
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Peng G, Mosleh E, Yuhas A, Katada K, Cherry C, Golson ML. FOXM1 acts sexually dimorphically to regulate functional β-cell mass. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523673. [PMID: 36711451 PMCID: PMC9882186 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXM1 regulates β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion. Our previous work demonstrates that expressing an activated form of FOXM1 (FOXM1*) in β cells increases β-cell proliferation and mass in aged male mice. Additionally, FOXM1* enhances β-cell function even in young mice, in which no β-cell mass elevation occurs. Here, we demonstrate that FOXM1 acts in a sexually dimorphic manner in the β cell. Expression of FOXM1* in female mouse β cells does not affect β-cell proliferation or glucose tolerance. Transduction of male but not female human islets with FOXM1* enhances insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose. Estrogen contributes to diabetes susceptibility differences between males and females, and the estrogen receptor (ER)α is the primary mediator of β-cell estrogen signaling. We show that FOXM1* can rescue impaired glucose tolerance in female mice with a pancreas-wide ERα deletion. Further, FOXM1 and ERα binding sites overlap with each other and with other β-cell-enriched transcription factors, including ISL1, PAX6, MAF, and GATA. These data indicate that FOMX1 and ERα cooperate to regulate β-cell function and suggest a general mechanism contributing to the lower incidence of diabetes observed in women.
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Li Y, Zhao X, Xu M, Chen M. Krüppel-like factors in glycolipid metabolic diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8145-8152. [PMID: 35585376 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of transcription factors characterised by zinc-finger structures at the C-terminal. They play the key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, as well as in embryonic development. They have been widely expressed in multiple systems in vivo, and their dysregulation is closely associated with a variety of human diseases. Glycolipid metabolism is a complex physiological process which can be regulated at the transcriptional level. Glycolipid metabolic diseases, such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and their complications, are a serious threat to human health. Recently, increasing studies have shown that KLFs are closely related to glycolipid metabolism and energy balance of the liver, adipose tissue, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, pancreas, and nervous system. In this review, we focused on the correlation between the subtypes of the KLF family and glycolipid metabolic diseases to describe new directions and trends in endocrine and glycolipid metabolic disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Murong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Zhu T, Li M, Zhu M, Liu X, Huang K, Li W, Wang SX, Yin Y, Li P. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates type 2 diabetes mellitus via β-cell function improvement and insulin resistance reduction. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:483-488. [PMID: 35656076 PMCID: PMC9150804 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.58591.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has a good therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This work was designed to explore EGCG's effectiveness in insulin resistance (IR) and pancreas islet β-cell function in a rat model of T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including the Control (normal diet), Diabetes (high-sucrose high-fat [HSHF] diet combined with tail vein injection of streptozotocin [STZ] for T2DM induction) and Treatment Diabetic rats which were treated with metformin [500 mg/kg/d] or EGCG [25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/d] intragastric administration for 10 weeks. With the exception of control animals, the other groups were fed the HSHF diet. EGCG's effects on IR and insulin secretion were assessed by measuring body weights, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG) and insulin levels. The morphological and molecular changes of pancreas islet β-cells were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Rats fed the HSHF diet combined with STZ treatment had increased body weights and blood glucose amounts, accompanied by IR and impaired β-cell function, induced T2DM, and EGCG dose-dependently restored the above indicators. Additionally, EGCG upregulated the pancreatic transcription factors pancreatic duodenal homeobox protein-1 (PDX-1) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA). CONCLUSION These results suggest that EGCG reduces blood glucose amounts, and improve IR and islet β-cell disorder in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China, These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Minghui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China, These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Moli Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Keke Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenru Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China, These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yaling Yin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Corresponding authors: Yaling Yin. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jin-sui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China. Tel: 86-0373-3029918; Fax: 86-0373-3029918; ; Peng Li. College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jin-sui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China. Tel: +86 18530238975; Fax: +86 2039358270;
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China,Corresponding authors: Yaling Yin. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jin-sui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China. Tel: 86-0373-3029918; Fax: 86-0373-3029918; ; Peng Li. College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jin-sui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China. Tel: +86 18530238975; Fax: +86 2039358270;
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7
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Molecular Mechanism of Pancreatic β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040818. [PMID: 35453568 PMCID: PMC9030375 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Various important transcription factors in the pancreas are involved in the process of pancreas development, the differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells into mature insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells and the preservation of mature β-cell function. However, when β-cells are continuously exposed to a high glucose concentration for a long period of time, the expression levels of several insulin gene transcription factors are substantially suppressed, which finally leads to pancreatic β-cell failure found in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we show the possible underlying pathway for β-cell failure. It is likely that reduced expression levels of MafA and PDX-1 and/or incretin receptor in β-cells are closely associated with β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, since incretin receptor expression is reduced in the advanced stage of diabetes mellitus, incretin-based medicines show more favorable effects against β-cell failure, especially in the early stage of diabetes mellitus compared to the advanced stage. On the other hand, many subjects have recently suffered from life-threatening coronavirus infection, and coronavirus infection has brought about a new and persistent pandemic. Additionally, the spread of coronavirus infection has led to various limitations on the activities of daily life and has restricted economic development worldwide. It has been reported recently that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects β-cells through neuropilin-1, leading to apoptotic β-cell death and a reduction in insulin secretion. In this review article, we feature a possible molecular mechanism for pancreatic β-cell failure, which is often observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Finally, we are hopeful that coronavirus infection will decline and normal daily life will soon resume all over the world.
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8
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Zhu X, Oguh A, Gingerich MA, Soleimanpour SA, Stoffers DA, Gannon M. Cell Cycle Regulation of the Pdx1 Transcription Factor in Developing Pancreas and Insulin-Producing β-Cells. Diabetes 2021; 70:903-916. [PMID: 33526589 PMCID: PMC7980191 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that proliferating β-cells express lower levels of some functional cell identity genes, suggesting that proliferating cells are not optimally functional. Pdx1 is important for β-cell specification, function, and proliferation and is mutated in monogenic forms of diabetes. However, its regulation during the cell cycle is unknown. Here we examined Pdx1 protein expression in immortalized β-cells, maternal mouse islets during pregnancy, and mouse embryonic pancreas. We demonstrate that Pdx1 localization and protein levels are highly dynamic. In nonmitotic cells, Pdx1 is not observed in constitutive heterochromatin, nucleoli, or most areas containing repressive epigenetic marks. At prophase, Pdx1 is enriched around the chromosomes before Ki67 coating of the chromosome surface. Pdx1 uniformly localizes in the cytoplasm at prometaphase and becomes enriched around the chromosomes again at the end of cell division, before nuclear envelope formation. Cells in S phase have lower Pdx1 levels than cells at earlier cell cycle stages, and overexpression of Pdx1 in INS-1 cells prevents progression toward G2, suggesting that cell cycle-dependent regulation of Pdx1 is required for completion of mitosis. Together, we find that Pdx1 localization and protein levels are tightly regulated throughout the cell cycle. This dynamic regulation has implications for the dichotomous role of Pdx1 in β-cell function and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alexis Oguh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Morgan A Gingerich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Program in the Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Scott A Soleimanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Doris A Stoffers
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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9
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Hohmeier HE, Zhang L, Taylor B, Stephens S, Lu D, McNamara P, Laffitte B, Newgard CB. Identification of a small molecule that stimulates human β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and protects against cytotoxic stress in rat insulinoma cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224344. [PMID: 32176701 PMCID: PMC7075568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A key event in the development of both major forms of diabetes is the loss of functional pancreatic islet β-cell mass. Strategies aimed at enhancing β-cell regeneration have long been pursued, but methods for reliably inducing human β-cell proliferation with full retention of key functions such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) are still very limited. We have previously reported that overexpression of the homeobox transcription factor NKX6.1 stimulates β-cell proliferation, while also enhancing GSIS and providing protection against β-cell cytotoxicity through induction of the VGF prohormone. We developed an NKX6.1 pathway screen by stably transfecting 832/13 rat insulinoma cells with a VGF promoter-luciferase reporter construct, using the resultant cell line to screen a 630,000 compound chemical library. We isolated three compounds with consistent effects to stimulate human islet cell proliferation, but not expression of NKX6.1 or VGF, suggesting an alternative mechanism of action. Further studies of the most potent of these compounds, GNF-9228, revealed that it selectively activates human β-cell relative to α-cell proliferation and has no effect on δ-cell replication. In addition, pre-treatment, but not short term exposure of human islets to GNF-9228 enhances GSIS. GNF-9228 also protects 832/13 insulinoma cells against ER stress- and inflammatory cytokine-induced cytotoxicity. GNF-9228 stimulates proliferation via a mechanism distinct from recently emergent DYRK1A inhibitors, as it is unaffected by DYRK1A overexpression and does not activate NFAT translocation. In conclusion, we have identified a small molecule with pleiotropic positive effects on islet biology, including stimulation of human β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and protection against multiple agents of cytotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans E. Hohmeier
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lu Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brandon Taylor
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Samuel Stephens
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Danhong Lu
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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10
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Cardenas-Diaz FL, Leavens KF, Kishore S, Osorio-Quintero C, Chen YJ, Stanger BZ, Wang P, French D, Gadue P. A Dual Reporter EndoC-βH1 Human β-Cell Line for Efficient Quantification of Calcium Flux and Insulin Secretion. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa005. [PMID: 31960055 PMCID: PMC7028009 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human in vitro model systems of diabetes are critical to both study disease pathophysiology and offer a platform for drug testing. We have generated a set of tools in the human β-cell line EndoC-βH1 that allows the efficient and inexpensive characterization of β-cell physiology and phenotypes driven by disruption of candidate genes. First, we generated a dual reporter line that expresses a preproinsulin-luciferase fusion protein along with GCaMP6s. This reporter line allows the quantification of insulin secretion by measuring luciferase activity and calcium flux, a critical signaling step required for insulin secretion, via fluorescence microscopy. Using these tools, we demonstrate that the generation of the reporter human β-cell line was highly efficient and validated that luciferase activity could accurately reflect insulin secretion. Second, we used a lentiviral vector carrying the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate candidate gene disruptions in the reporter line. We also show that we can achieve gene disruption in ~90% of cells using a CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral system. As a proof of principle, we disrupt the β-cell master regulator, PDX1, and show that mutant EndoC-βH1 cells display impaired calcium responses and fail to secrete insulin when stimulated with high glucose. Furthermore, we show that PDX1 mutant EndoC-βH1 cells exhibit decreased expression of the β-cell-specific genes MAFA and NKX6.1 and increased GCG expression. The system presented here provides a platform to quickly and easily test β-cell functionality in wildtype and cells lacking a gene of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian L Cardenas-Diaz
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karla F Leavens
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Siddharth Kishore
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine Osorio-Quintero
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Pei Wang
- Departments of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Deborah French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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11
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Cardenas-Diaz FL, Osorio-Quintero C, Diaz-Miranda MA, Kishore S, Leavens K, Jobaliya C, Stanescu D, Ortiz-Gonzalez X, Yoon C, Chen CS, Haliyur R, Brissova M, Powers AC, French DL, Gadue P. Modeling Monogenic Diabetes using Human ESCs Reveals Developmental and Metabolic Deficiencies Caused by Mutations in HNF1A. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:273-289.e5. [PMID: 31374199 PMCID: PMC6785828 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human monogenic diabetes, caused by mutations in genes involved in beta cell development and function, has been a challenge to study because multiple mouse models have not fully recapitulated the human disease. Here, we use genome edited human embryonic stem cells to understand the most common form of monogenic diabetes, MODY3, caused by mutations in the transcription factor HNF1A. We found that HNF1A is necessary to repress an alpha cell gene expression signature, maintain endocrine cell function, and regulate cellular metabolism. In addition, we identified the human-specific long non-coding RNA, LINKA, as an HNF1A target necessary for normal mitochondrial respiration. These findings provide a possible explanation for the species difference in disease phenotypes observed with HNF1A mutations and offer mechanistic insights into how the HNF1A gene may also influence type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian L Cardenas-Diaz
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Osorio-Quintero
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria A Diaz-Miranda
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siddharth Kishore
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karla Leavens
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chintan Jobaliya
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana Stanescu
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xilma Ortiz-Gonzalez
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Zhang Y, Hao Z, Wang P, Xia Y, Wu J, Xia D, Fang S, Xu S. Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance fracture healing through HIF-1α-mediated promotion of angiogenesis in a rat model of stabilized fracture. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12570. [PMID: 30663158 PMCID: PMC6496165 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exosomes, as important players in intercellular communication due to their ability to transfer certain molecules to target cells, are believed to take similar effects in promoting bone regeneration with their derived stem cells. Studies have suggested that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) could promote angiogenesis. This study investigated whether exosomes derived from uMSCs (uMSC-Exos) could enhance fracture healing as primary factors by promoting angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS uMSCs were obtained to isolate uMSC-Exos by ultrafiltration, with exosomes from human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) being used as control groups. NanoSight, laser light scattering spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting were used to identify exosomes. Next, uMSC-Exos combined with hydrogel were transplanted into the fracture site in a rat model of femoral fracture. Bone healing processes were monitored and evaluated by radiographic methods on days 7, 14, 21 and 31 after surgery; angiogenesis of the fracture sites was assessed by radiographic and histological strategies on post-operative day 14. In vitro, the expression levels of osteogenesis- or angiogenesis-related genes after being cultured with uMSC-Exos were identified by qRT-PCR. The internalization ability of exosomes was determined using the PKH67 assay. Cell cycle analysis, EdU incorporation and immunofluorescence staining, scratch wound assay and tube formation analysis were also used to determine the altered abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) administered with uMSC-Exos in proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Finally, to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, specific RNA inhibitors or siRNAs were used, and the subsequent effects were observed. RESULTS uMSC-Exos had a diameter of approximately 100 nm, were spherical, meanwhile expressing CD9, CD63 and CD81. Transplantation of uMSC-Exos markedly enhanced angiogenesis and bone healing processes in a rat model of femoral fracture. In vitro, other than enhancing osteogenic differentiation, uMSC-Exos increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). uMSC-Exos were taken up by HUVECs and enhanced their proliferation, migration and tube formation. Finally, by using specific RNA inhibitors or siRNAs, it has been confirmed that HIF-1α played an important role in the uMSC-Exos-induced VEGF expression, pro-angiogenesis and enhanced fracture repair, which may be one of the underlying mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed a novel role of exosomes in uMSC-mediated therapy and suggested that implanted uMSC-Exos may represent a crucial clinical strategy to accelerate fracture healing via the promotion of angiogenesis. HIF-1α played an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Zhang
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zichen Hao
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Panfeng Wang
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuo Fang
- Department of Plastic and ReconstructionShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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13
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Haldeman JM, Conway AE, Arlotto ME, Slentz DH, Muoio DM, Becker TC, Newgard CB. Creation of versatile cloning platforms for transgene expression and dCas9-based epigenome editing. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e23. [PMID: 30590691 PMCID: PMC6393299 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic manipulation via transgene overexpression, RNAi, or Cas9-based methods is central to biomedical research. Unfortunately, use of these tools is often limited by vector options. We have created a modular platform (pMVP) that allows a gene of interest to be studied in the context of an array of promoters, epitope tags, conditional expression modalities, and fluorescent reporters, packaged in 35 custom destination vectors, including adenovirus, lentivirus, PiggyBac transposon, and Sleeping Beauty transposon, in aggregate >108,000 vector permutations. We also used pMVP to build an epigenetic engineering platform, pMAGIC, that packages multiple gRNAs and either Sa-dCas9 or x-dCas9(3.7) fused to one of five epigenetic modifiers. Importantly, via its compatibility with adenoviral vectors, pMAGIC uniquely enables use of dCas9/LSD1 fusions to interrogate enhancers within primary cells. To demonstrate this, we used pMAGIC to target Sa-dCas9/LSD1 and modify the epigenetic status of a conserved enhancer, resulting in altered expression of the homeobox transcription factor PDX1 and its target genes in pancreatic islets and insulinoma cells. In sum, the pMVP and pMAGIC systems empower researchers to rapidly generate purpose-built, customized vectors for manipulation of gene expression, including via targeted epigenetic modification of regulatory elements in a broad range of disease-relevant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Haldeman
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Amanda E Conway
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michelle E Arlotto
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dorothy H Slentz
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Thomas C Becker
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
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14
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Guo XX, Li XP, Zhou P, Li DY, Lyu XT, Chen Y, Lyu YW, Tian K, Yuan DZ, Ran JH, Chen DL, Jiang R, Li J. Evodiamine Induces Apoptosis in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 Cells by Suppressing NOD1 Signal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113419. [PMID: 30384473 PMCID: PMC6274686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with poor prognosis and easy recurrence. There are few agents with minor toxic side effects that can be used for treatment of HCC. Evodiamine (Evo), one of the major bioactive components derived from fructus Evodiae, has long been shown to exert anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity by suppressing activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In addition, in the Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 1 (NOD1) pathway, NOD1 could initiate NF-κB-dependent and MAPK-dependent gene transcription. Recent experimental studies reported that the NOD1 pathway was related to controlling development of various tumors. Here we hypothesize that Evo exerts anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity by inhibiting NOD1 to suppress NF-κB and MAPK activation. Therefore, we proved the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of Evo on HCC cells and detected the effect of Evo on the NOD1 pathway. We found that Evo significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, upregulated P53 and Bcl-2 associated X proteins (Bax) proteins, and downregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cyclinB1, and cdc2 proteins in HCC cells. In addition, Evo reduced levels of NOD1, p-P65, p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK, where the level of IκBα of HCC cells increased. Furthermore, NOD1 agonist γ-D-Glu-mDAP (IE-DAP) treatment weakened the effect of Evo on suppression of NF-κB and MAPK activation and cellular proliferation of HCC. In an in vivo subcutaneous xenograft model, Evo also exhibited excellent tumor inhibitory effects via the NOD1 signal pathway. Our results demonstrate that Evo could induce apoptosis remarkably and the inhibitory effect of Evo on HCC cells may be through suppressing the NOD1 signal pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xian Guo
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiao-Ting Lyu
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yan-Wei Lyu
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Kuan Tian
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of basic medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - De-Zhi Yuan
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of basic medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Ran
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of basic medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Rong Jiang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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15
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Sigmundsson K, Ojala JR, Öhman MK, Österholm AM, Moreno-Moral A, Domogatskaya A, Chong LY, Sun Y, Chai X, Steele JA, George B, Patarroyo M, Nilsson AS, Rodin S, Ghosh S, Stevens MM, Petretto E, Tryggvason K. Culturing functional pancreatic islets on α5-laminins and curative transplantation to diabetic mice. Matrix Biol 2018; 70:5-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Human urine-derived stem cells play a novel role in the treatment of STZ-induced diabetic mice. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:419-428. [PMID: 29675567 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) are a potential stem cell source for cell therapy. However, the effect of hUSCs on glucose metabolism regulation in type 1 diabetes was not clear. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether hUSCs have protective effect on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. hUSCs were extracted and cultivated with a special culture medium. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to detect cell surface markers. BALB/c male nude mice were either injected with high-dose STZ (HD-STZ) or multiple low-dose STZ (MLD-STZ). Serum and pancreatic insulin were measured, islet morphology and its vascularization were investigated. hUSCs highly expressed CD29, CD73, CD90 and CD146, and could differentiate into, at least, bone and fat in vitro. Transplantation of hUSCs into HD-STZ treated mice prolonged the median survival time and improved their blood glucose, and into those with MLD-STZ improved the glucose tolerance, islet morphology and increased the serum and pancreas insulin content. Furthermore, CD31 expression increased significantly in islets of BALB/c nude mice treated with hUSCs compared to those of un-transplanted MLD-STZ mice. hUSCs could improve the median survival time and glucose homeostasis in STZ-treated mice through promoting islet vascular regeneration and pancreatic beta-cell survival.
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17
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Shirakawa J, Fernandez M, Takatani T, El Ouaamari A, Jungtrakoon P, Okawa ER, Zhang W, Yi P, Doria A, Kulkarni RN. Insulin Signaling Regulates the FoxM1/PLK1/CENP-A Pathway to Promote Adaptive Pancreatic β Cell Proliferation. Cell Metab 2017; 25:868-882.e5. [PMID: 28286049 PMCID: PMC5382039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of cell-cycle kinetics in mammalian pancreatic β cells has mostly focused on transition from the quiescent (G0) to G1 phase. Here, we report that centromere protein A (CENP-A), which is required for chromosome segregation during the M-phase, is necessary for adaptive β cell proliferation. Receptor-mediated insulin signaling promotes DNA-binding activity of FoxM1 to regulate expression of CENP-A and polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) by modulating cyclin-dependent kinase-1/2. CENP-A deposition at the centromere is augmented by PLK1 to promote mitosis, while knocking down CENP-A limits β cell proliferation and survival. CENP-A deficiency in β cells leads to impaired adaptive proliferation in response to pregnancy, acute and chronic insulin resistance, and aging in mice. Insulin-stimulated CENP-A/PLK1 protein expression is blunted in islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. These data implicate the insulin-FoxM1/PLK1/CENP-A pathway-regulated mitotic cell-cycle progression as an essential component in the β cell adaptation to delay and/or prevent progression to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shirakawa
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Megan Fernandez
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Prapaporn Jungtrakoon
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erin R Okawa
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peng Yi
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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18
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Keller MP, Paul PK, Rabaglia ME, Stapleton DS, Schueler KL, Broman AT, Ye SI, Leng N, Brandon CJ, Neto EC, Plaisier CL, Simonett SP, Kebede MA, Sheynkman GM, Klein MA, Baliga NS, Smith LM, Broman KW, Yandell BS, Kendziorski C, Attie AD. The Transcription Factor Nfatc2 Regulates β-Cell Proliferation and Genes Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Mouse and Human Islets. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006466. [PMID: 27935966 PMCID: PMC5147809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that genetic variation at >130 gene loci is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We asked if the expression of the candidate T2D-associated genes within these loci is regulated by a common locus in pancreatic islets. Using an obese F2 mouse intercross segregating for T2D, we show that the expression of ~40% of the T2D-associated genes is linked to a broad region on mouse chromosome (Chr) 2. As all but 9 of these genes are not physically located on Chr 2, linkage to Chr 2 suggests a genomic factor(s) located on Chr 2 regulates their expression in trans. The transcription factor Nfatc2 is physically located on Chr 2 and its expression demonstrates cis linkage; i.e., its expression maps to itself. When conditioned on the expression of Nfatc2, linkage for the T2D-associated genes was greatly diminished, supporting Nfatc2 as a driver of their expression. Plasma insulin also showed linkage to the same broad region on Chr 2. Overexpression of a constitutively active (ca) form of Nfatc2 induced β-cell proliferation in mouse and human islets, and transcriptionally regulated more than half of the T2D-associated genes. Overexpression of either ca-Nfatc2 or ca-Nfatc1 in mouse islets enhanced insulin secretion, whereas only ca-Nfatc2 was able to promote β-cell proliferation, suggesting distinct molecular pathways mediating insulin secretion vs. β-cell proliferation are regulated by NFAT. Our results suggest that many of the T2D-associated genes are downstream transcriptional targets of NFAT, and may act coordinately in a pathway through which NFAT regulates β-cell proliferation in both mouse and human islets. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and linkage studies provide a powerful way to establish a causal connection between a gene locus and a physiological or pathophysiological phenotype. We wondered if candidate genes associated with type 2 diabetes in human populations, in addition to being causal for the disease, could also be intermediate traits in a pathway leading to disease. In addition, we wished to know if there were any regulatory loci that could coordinately drive the expression of these genes in pancreatic islets and thus complete a pathway; i.e. Driver → GWAS candidate expression → type 2 diabetes. Using data from a mouse intercross between a diabetes-susceptible and a diabetes-resistant mouse strain, we found that the expression of ~40% of >130 candidate GWAS genes genetically mapped to a hot spot on mouse chromosome 2. Using a variety of statistical methods, we identified the transcription factor Nfatc2 as the candidate driver. Follow-up experiments showed that overexpression of Nfatc2 does indeed affect the expression of the GWAS genes and regulates β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion. The work shows that in addition to being causal, GWAS candidate genes can be intermediate traits in a pathway leading to disease. Model organisms can be used to explore these novel causal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Pradyut K. Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Rabaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Donnie S. Stapleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Aimee Teo Broman
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shuyun Isabella Ye
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ning Leng
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Brandon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | | | - Shane P. Simonett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Melkam A. Kebede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gloria M. Sheynkman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Klein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Lloyd M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Karl W. Broman
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brian S. Yandell
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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