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Yang Y, Hao X, Zhang J, Gao T, Huo M, Liu W, Hu T, Ma T, Yuan B, Zhang M, Teng X, Yu H, Huang W, Wang Y. The E3 ligase TRIM22 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting CCS for proteasomal degradation to inhibit STAT3 signaling. Cancer Lett 2024; 600:217157. [PMID: 39127340 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Deregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases drives the proliferation and metastasis of various cancers; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22), a poorly investigated E3 ubiquitin ligase in the TRIM family, as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. High expression of TRIM22 in breast cancer correlated with better prognosis. Functional experiments demonstrated that TRIM22 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Label-free proteomics and biochemical analyses revealed that the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), an oncoprotein that is upregulated in breast cancer and promotes the growth and invasion of breast cancer cells, was a target of TRIM22 for degradation via K27-linked ubiquitination. Notably, the ability of the coiled-coil domain-defective mutants of TRIM22 to induce CCS ubiquitination and degradation diminished, with lysine 76 of the CCS serving as the ubiquitination site. Moreover, the TRIM22-mediated inhibition of the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells was restored by ectopic CCS expression. RNA-sequencing experiments using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated that TRIM22 is involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. TRIM22 overexpression also improved reactive oxygen species levels in breast cancer cells and inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, which was restored via CCS overexpression or N-acetyl-l-cysteine treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that TRIM22 overexpression decreased the enrichment of phosphorylated STAT3 in FN1, VIM and JARID2 promoters. Clinically, low TRIM22 expression correlated with high CCS expression and decreased survival rates in patients with breast cancer. Moreover, TRIM22 upregulation was associated with a better prognosis in patients with breast cancer who received classical therapy. TRIM22 expression was downregulated in many cancer types, including colon, kidney, lung, and prostate cancers. To the best of our knowledge, the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM22 was first reported as a tumor suppressor that inhibits the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through CCS ubiquitination and degradation. TRIM22 is a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinhui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tianyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Miaomiao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tianyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Baowen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hefen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Han J. Copper trafficking systems in cells: insights into coordination chemistry and toxicity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15277-15296. [PMID: 37702384 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal ions, such as copper, are indispensable components in the biological system. Copper ions which primarily exist in two major oxidation states Cu(I) and Cu(II) play crucial roles in various cellular processes including antioxidant defense, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters, and energy metabolism, owing to their inherent redox activity. The disturbance in copper homeostasis can contribute to the development of copper metabolism disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the significance of understanding the copper trafficking system in cellular environments. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of copper homeostatic machinery, with an emphasis on the coordination chemistry of copper transporters and trafficking proteins. While copper chaperones and the corresponding metalloenzymes are thoroughly discussed, we also explore the potential existence of low-molecular-mass metal complexes within cellular systems. Furthermore, we summarize the toxicity mechanisms originating from copper deficiency or accumulation, which include the dysregulation of oxidative stress, signaling pathways, signal transduction, and amyloidosis. This perspective review delves into the current knowledge regarding the intricate aspects of the copper trafficking system, providing valuable insights into potential treatment strategies from the standpoint of bioinorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Tang S, Zhao Z, Liu X, Sui Y, Zhang D, Zhi H, Gao Y, Zhang H, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhao M, Li D, Wang K, He Q, Zhang R, Zhang W, Jia G, Tang W, Ye X, Wu C, Diao X. An E2-E3 pair contributes to seed size control in grain crops. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3091. [PMID: 37248257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate grain yield is important for improving agricultural productivity. Protein ubiquitination controls various aspects of plant growth but lacks understanding on how E2-E3 enzyme pairs impact grain yield in major crops. Here, we identified a RING-type E3 ligase SGD1 and its E2 partner SiUBC32 responsible for grain yield control in Setaria italica. The conserved role of SGD1 was observed in wheat, maize, and rice. Furthermore, SGD1 ubiquitinates the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1, stabilizing it and promoting plant growth. Overexpression of an elite SGD1 haplotype improved grain yield by about 12.8% per plant, and promote complex biological processes such as protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, stress responses, photosystem stabilization, and nitrogen metabolism. Our research not only identifies the SiUBC32-SGD1-BRI1 genetic module that contributes to grain yield improvement but also provides a strategy for exploring key genes controlling important traits in Poaceae crops using the Setaria model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yannan Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meicheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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4
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Fatoki TH, Chukwuejim S, Udenigwe CC, Aluko RE. In Silico Exploration of Metabolically Active Peptides as Potential Therapeutic Agents against Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5828. [PMID: 36982902 PMCID: PMC10058213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is regarded as a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is featured by progressive damage of the upper and lower motor neurons. To date, over 45 genes have been found to be connected with ALS pathology. The aim of this work was to computationally identify unique sets of protein hydrolysate peptides that could serve as therapeutic agents against ALS. Computational methods which include target prediction, protein-protein interaction, and peptide-protein molecular docking were used. The results showed that the network of critical ALS-associated genes consists of ATG16L2, SCFD1, VAC15, VEGFA, KEAP1, KIF5A, FIG4, TUBA4A, SIGMAR1, SETX, ANXA11, HNRNPL, NEK1, C9orf72, VCP, RPSA, ATP5B, and SOD1 together with predicted kinases such as AKT1, CDK4, DNAPK, MAPK14, and ERK2 in addition to transcription factors such as MYC, RELA, ZMIZ1, EGR1, TRIM28, and FOXA2. The identified molecular targets of the peptides that support multi-metabolic components in ALS pathogenesis include cyclooxygenase-2, angiotensin I-converting enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3, and endothelin receptor ET-A. Overall, the results showed that AGL, APL, AVK, IIW, PVI, and VAY peptides are promising candidates for further study. Future work would be needed to validate the therapeutic properties of these hydrolysate peptides by in vitro and in vivo approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, PMB 373, Oye 371104, Nigeria; (T.H.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Stanley Chukwuejim
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, PMB 373, Oye 371104, Nigeria; (T.H.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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5
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Zhang B, Burke R. Copper homeostasis and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Metallomics 2023; 15:7055959. [PMID: 36822629 PMCID: PMC10022722 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper is involved in many physiological pathways and important biological processes as a cofactor of several copper-dependent enzymes. Given the requirement for copper and its potential toxicity, intracellular copper levels are tightly controlled. Disturbances of human copper homeostasis are characterized by disorders of copper overload (Wilson's disease) or copper deficiency (Menkes disease). The maintenance of cellular copper levels involves numerous copper transporters and copper chaperones. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that components of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) participate in the posttranslational regulation of these proteins, suggesting that they might play a role in maintaining copper homeostasis. Cellular copper levels could also affect the activity of the UPS, indicating that copper homeostasis and the UPS are interdependent. Copper homeostasis and the UPS are essential to the integrity of normal brain function and while separate links between neurodegenerative diseases and UPS inhibition/copper dyshomeostasis have been extensively reported, there is growing evidence that these two networks might contribute synergistically to the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of copper and the UPS in the development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and discuss the genetic interactions between copper transporters/chaperones and components of the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Richard Burke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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Xie L, Yuan Y, Xu S, Lu S, Gu J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen S, Li J, Lu J, Sun H, Hu R, Piao H, Wang W, Wang C, Wang J, Li N, White MF, Han L, Jia W, Miao J, Liu J. Downregulation of hepatic ceruloplasmin ameliorates NAFLD via SCO1-AMPK-LKB1 complex. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111498. [PMID: 36261001 PMCID: PMC10153649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper deficiency has emerged to be associated with various lipid metabolism diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms that dictate the association between copper deficiency and metabolic diseases remain obscure. Here, we reveal that copper restoration caused by hepatic ceruloplasmin (Cp) ablation enhances lipid catabolism by promoting the assembly of copper-load SCO1-LKB1-AMPK complex. Overnutrition-mediated Cp elevation results in hepatic copper loss, whereas Cp ablation restores copper content to the normal level without eliciting detectable hepatotoxicity and ameliorates NAFLD in mice. Mechanistically, SCO1 constitutively interacts with LKB1 even in the absence of copper, and copper-loaded SCO1 directly tethers LKB1 to AMPK, thereby activating AMPK and consequently promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, this study reveals a mechanism by which copper, as a signaling molecule, improves hepatic lipid catabolism, and it indicates that targeting copper-SCO1-AMPK signaling pathway ameliorates NAFLD development by modulating AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yanmei Yuan
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Simiao Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200042, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xianjing Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jian Li
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junxi Lu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Honglin Sun
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ruixiang Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hailong Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Morris F White
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liu Han
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Kalita J, Shukla R, Pandey PC, Misra UK. Balancing between apoptosis and survival biomarkers in the patients with tuberculous meningitis. Cytokine 2022; 157:155960. [PMID: 35820324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balancing factor of apoptosis, survival, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers may determine the clinico-radiological severity and death in the patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). AIM We report the relationship of death [caspase-3, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6)] and survival biomarkers [X-linked inhibitory apoptotic protein (XIAP), IL10, glutathione (GSH) and catalase] in TBM, and its role in determining disease severity and death. METHODS The diagnosis of TBM was based on clinical, MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. Their clinical and MRI findings were noted. The severity of TBM was categorized as stages I to III. Serum and CSF caspase-3 and XIAP were measured by ELISA, and TNFα, IL6 and IL10 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using RT-PCR (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). Plasma MDA, GSH and catalase were measured by spectrophotometer. RESULTS There were 40 patients with TBM whose mean age was 31.6 years and 50% were females. TBM patients had higher expression of death (caspase-3, TNFα, IL6, and MDA) and suppression of survival biomarkers (XIAP, catalase and GSH) compared to the healthy controls. Caspase-3 positively correlated with TNFα, IL6 and MDA, and negatively with XIAP, GSH and catalase. Patients with longer duration of illness and definite TBM had higher expression of caspase-3. Patients who died has higher expression of caspase-3 and suppression of XIAP compared to those who survived. CONCLUSION It can be concluded from this study that there is up-regulation of death signals and suppression of survival signals in TBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayantee Kalita
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India.
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Prakash C Pandey
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Usha K Misra
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
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Tsang T, Gu X, Davis CI, Posimo JM, Miller ZA, Brady DC. BRAFV600E-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma Requires Copper to Sustain Autophagic Signaling and Processing. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1096-1107. [PMID: 35320362 PMCID: PMC9262833 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition metal copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient required for development and proliferation, but the molecular mechanisms by which Cu contributes to these processes is not fully understood. Although traditionally studied as a static cofactor critical for the function of Cu-dependent enzymes, an expanding role for Cu is emerging to include its novel function as a dynamic mediator of signaling processes through the direct control of protein kinase activity. We now appreciate that Cu directly binds to and influences MEK1/2 and ULK1/2 kinase activity, and show here that reductions in MAPK and autophagic signaling are associated with dampened growth and survival of oncogenic BRAF-driven lung adenocarcinoma cells upon loss of Ctr1. Efficient autophagy, clonogenic survival, and tumorigenesis of BRAF-mutant cells required ULK1 Cu-binding. Although treatment with canonical MAPK inhibitors resulted in the upregulation of protective autophagy, mechanistically, the Cu chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) was sufficient to target both autophagic and MAPK signaling as a means to blunt BRAF-driven tumorigenic properties. These findings support leveraging Cu chelation with TTM as an alternative therapeutic strategy to impair autophagy and MAPK signaling. As traditional MAPK monotherapies initiate autophagy signaling and promote cancer cell survival. IMPLICATIONS We establish that copper chelation therapy inhibits both autophagy and MAPK signaling in BRAFV600E-driven lung adenocarcinoma, thus overcoming the upregulation of protective autophagy elicited by canonical MAPK pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Tsang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xingxing Gu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Caroline I. Davis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica M. Posimo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zoey A. Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donita C. Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Author: Donita C. Brady, Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, 612 BRBII/II, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 215-573-9705; E-mail:
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9
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Russell LG, Davis LAK, Hunter JE, Perkins ND, Kenneth NS. Increased migration and motility in XIAP-null cells mediated by the C-RAF protein kinase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7943. [PMID: 35562367 PMCID: PMC9106734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The product encoded by the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) gene is a multi-functional protein which not only controls caspase-dependent cell death, but also participates in inflammatory signalling, copper homeostasis, response to hypoxia and control of cell migration. Deregulation of XIAP, either by elevated expression or inherited genetic deletion, is associated with several human disease states. Reconciling XIAP-dependent signalling pathways with its role in disease progression is essential to understand how XIAP promotes the progression of human pathologies. In this study we have created a panel of genetically modified XIAP-null cell lines using TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the functional outcome of XIAP deletion. Surprisingly, in our genetically modified cells XIAP deletion had no effect on programmed cell death, but instead the primary phenotype we observed was a profound increase in cell migration rates. Furthermore, we found that XIAP-dependent suppression of cell migration was dependent on XIAPdependent control of C-RAF levels, a protein kinase which controls cell signalling pathways that regulate the cytoskeleton. These results suggest that XIAP is not necessary for control of the apoptotic signalling cascade, however it does have a critical role in controlling cell migration and motility that cannot be compensated for in XIAP-knockout cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Russell
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lydia A K Davis
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jill E Hunter
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Neil D Perkins
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Niall S Kenneth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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10
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Dean DM, Deitcher DL, Paster CO, Xu M, Loehlin DW. "A fly appeared": sable, a classic Drosophila mutation, maps to Yippee, a gene affecting body color, wings, and bristles. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac058. [PMID: 35266526 PMCID: PMC9073688 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Insect body color is an easily assessed and visually engaging trait that is informative on a broad range of topics including speciation, biomaterial science, and ecdysis. Mutants of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have been an integral part of body color research for more than a century. As a result of this long tenure, backlogs of body color mutations have remained unmapped to their genes, all while their strains have been dutifully maintained, used for recombination mapping, and part of genetics education. Stemming from a lesson plan in our undergraduate genetics class, we have mapped sable1, a dark body mutation originally described by Morgan and Bridges, to Yippee, a gene encoding a predicted member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Deficiency/duplication mapping, genetic rescue, DNA and cDNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and 2 new CRISPR alleles indicated that sable1 is a hypomorphic Yippee mutation due to an mdg4 element insertion in the Yippee 5'-UTR. Further analysis revealed additional Yippee mutant phenotypes including curved wings, ectopic/missing bristles, delayed development, and failed adult emergence. RNAi of Yippee in the ectoderm phenocopied sable body color and most other Yippee phenotypes. Although Yippee remains functionally uncharacterized, the results presented here suggest possible connections between melanin biosynthesis, copper homeostasis, and Notch/Delta signaling; in addition, they provide insight into past studies of sable cell nonautonomy and of the genetic modifier suppressor of sable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Dean
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - David L Deitcher
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Caleigh O Paster
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Manting Xu
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - David W Loehlin
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
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11
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Wen MH, Xie X, Huang PS, Yang K, Chen TY. Crossroads between membrane trafficking machinery and copper homeostasis in the nerve system. Open Biol 2021; 11:210128. [PMID: 34847776 PMCID: PMC8633785 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced copper homeostasis and perturbation of membrane trafficking are two common symptoms that have been associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Accumulating evidence from biophysical, cellular and in vivo studies suggest that membrane trafficking orchestrates both copper homeostasis and neural functions-however, a systematic review of how copper homeostasis and membrane trafficking interplays in neurons remains lacking. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the general trafficking itineraries for copper transporters and highlight several critical membrane trafficking regulators in maintaining copper homeostasis. We discuss how membrane trafficking regulators may alter copper transporter distribution in different membrane compartments to regulate intracellular copper homeostasis. Using Parkinson's disease and MEDNIK as examples, we further elaborate how misregulated trafficking regulators may interplay parallelly or synergistically with copper dyshomeostasis in devastating pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we explore multiple unsolved questions and highlight the existing challenges to understand how copper homeostasis is modulated through membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xihong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Pei-San Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Karen Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tai-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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12
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Chen L, Li N, Zhang M, Sun M, Bian J, Yang B, Li Z, Wang J, Li F, Shi X, Wang Y, Yuan F, Zou P, Shan C, Wang J. APEX2-based Proximity Labeling of Atox1 Identifies CRIP2 as a Nuclear Copper-binding Protein that Regulates Autophagy Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25346-25355. [PMID: 34550632 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cell nuclei contain copper, and cancer cells are known to accumulate aberrantly high copper levels, yet the mechanisms underlying nuclear accumulation and copper's broader functional significance remain poorly understood. Here, by combining APEX2-based proximity labeling focused on the copper chaperone Atox1 with mass spectrometry we identified a previously unrecognized nuclear copper binding protein, Cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRIP2), that interacts with Atox1 in the nucleus. We show that Atox1 transfers copper to CRIP2, which induces a change in CRIP2's secondary structure that ultimately promotes its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that depletion of CRIP2-as well as copper-induced CRIP2 degradation-elevates ROS levels and activates autophagy in H1299 cells. Thus, our study establishes that CRIP2 as an autophagic suppressor protein and implicates CRIP2-mediated copper metabolism in the activation of autophagy in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiaxuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhengcunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Changliang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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13
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Chen L, Li N, Zhang M, Sun M, Bian J, Yang B, Li Z, Wang J, Li F, Shi X, Wang Y, Yuan F, Zou P, Shan C, Wang J. APEX2‐based Proximity Labeling of Atox1 Identifies CRIP2 as a Nuclear Copper‐binding Protein that Regulates Autophagy Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Mingming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jiaxuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Zhengcunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Feng Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Changliang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
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14
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Copper in tumors and the use of copper-based compounds in cancer treatment. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111634. [PMID: 34740035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper homeostasis is strictly regulated by protein transporters and chaperones, to allow its correct distribution and avoid uncontrolled redox reactions. Several studies address copper as involved in cancer development and spreading (epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis). However, being endogenous and displaying a tremendous potential to generate free radicals, copper is a perfect candidate, once opportunely complexed, to be used as a drug in cancer therapy with low adverse effects. Copper ions can be modulated by the organic counterpart, after complexed to their metalcore, either in redox potential or geometry and consequently reactivity. During the last four decades, many copper complexes were studied regarding their reactivity toward cancer cells, and many of them could be a drug choice for phase II and III in cancer therapy. Also, there is promising evidence of using 64Cu in nanoparticles as radiopharmaceuticals for both positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and treatment of hypoxic tumors. However, few compounds have gone beyond testing in animal models, and none of them got the status of a drug for cancer chemotherapy. The main challenge is their solubility in physiological buffers and their different and non-predictable mechanism of action. Moreover, it is difficult to rationalize a structure-based activity for drug design and delivery. In this review, we describe the role of copper in cancer, the effects of copper-complexes on tumor cell death mechanisms, and point to the new copper complexes applicable as drugs, suggesting that they may represent at least one component of a multi-action combination in cancer therapy.
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15
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Davis CI, Gu X, Kiefer RM, Ralle M, Gade TP, Brady DC. Altered copper homeostasis underlies sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to copper chelation. Metallomics 2020; 12:1995-2008. [PMID: 33146201 PMCID: PMC8315290 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, of which ∼800 000 new cases will be diagnosed worldwide this year, portends a five-year survival rate of merely 17% in patients with unresectable disease. This dismal prognosis is due, at least in part, from the late stage of diagnosis and the limited efficacy of systemic therapies. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify risk factors that contribute to HCC initiation and provide targetable vulnerabilities to improve patient survival. While myriad risk factors are known, elevated copper (Cu) levels in HCC patients and the incidence of hepatobiliary malignancies in Wilson disease patients, which exhibit hereditary liver Cu overload, suggests the possibility that metal accumulation promotes malignant transformation. Here we found that expression of the Cu transporter genes ATP7A, ATP7B, SLC31A1, and SLC31A2 was significantly altered in liver cancer samples and were associated with elevated Cu levels in liver cancer tissue and cells. Further analysis of genomic copy number data revealed that alterations in Cu transporter gene loci correlate with poorer survival in HCC patients. Genetic loss of the Cu importer SLC31A1 (CTR1) or pharmacologic suppression of Cu decreased the viability, clonogenic survival, and anchorage-independent growth of human HCC cell lines. Mechanistically, CTR1 knockdown or Cu chelation decreased glycolytic gene expression and downstream metabolite utilization and as a result forestalled tumor cell survival after exposure to hypoxia, which mimics oxygen deprivation elicited by transarterial embolization, a standard-of-care therapy used for patients with unresectable HCC. Taken together, these findings established an association between altered Cu homeostasis and HCC and suggest that limiting Cu bioavailability may provide a new treatment strategy for HCC by restricting the metabolic reprogramming necessary for cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I. Davis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xingxing Gu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ryan M. Kiefer
- Medical Degree Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Terence P. Gade
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donita C. Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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16
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IAP-Mediated Protein Ubiquitination in Regulating Cell Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051118. [PMID: 32365919 PMCID: PMC7290580 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the E3-ubiquitine ligases from IAP (Inhibitor of Apoptosis) family have emerged as potent regulators of immune response. In immune cells, they control signaling pathways driving differentiation and inflammation in response to stimulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), and some cytokine receptors. They are able to control the activity, the cellular fate, or the stability of actors of signaling pathways, acting at different levels from components of receptor-associated multiprotein complexes to signaling effectors and transcription factors, as well as cytoskeleton regulators. Much less is known about ubiquitination substrates involved in non-immune signaling pathways. This review aimed to present IAP ubiquitination substrates and the role of IAP-mediated ubiquitination in regulating signaling pathways.
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17
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Ge Y, Wang L, Li D, Zhao C, Li J, Liu T. Exploring the Extended Biological Functions of the Human Copper Chaperone of Superoxide Dismutase 1. Protein J 2020; 38:463-471. [PMID: 31140034 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human copper chaperone of SOD1 (designated as CCS) was discovered more than two decades ago. It is an important copper binding protein and a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LYS7. To date, no studies have systematically or specifically elaborated on the functional development of CCS. This review summarizes the essential information about CCS, such as its localization, 3D structure, and copper binding ability. An emphasis is placed on its interacting protein partners and its biological functions in vivo and in vitro. Three-dimensional structural analysis revealed that CCS is composed of three domains. Its primary molecular function is the delivery of copper to SOD1 and activation of SOD1. It has also been reported to bind to XIAP, Mia40, and X11α, and other proteins. Through these protein partners, CCS is implicated in several vital biological processes in vivo, such as copper homeostasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis and oxidative stress. This review is anticipated to assist scientists in systematically understanding the latest research developments of CCS for facilitating the development of new therapeutics targeting CCS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China. .,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Duanhua Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 168 Huaguan Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.,International Phage Drug Research Center, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Copper is an essential regulator of the autophagic kinases ULK1/2 to drive lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:412-424. [PMID: 32203415 PMCID: PMC7610258 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While the transition metal copper (Cu) is an essential nutrient that is conventionally viewed as a static cofactor within enzyme active sites, a nontraditional role for Cu as a modulator of kinase signaling is emerging. We discovered that Cu is required for the activity of the autophagic kinases ULK1/2 through a direct Cu-ULK1/2 interaction. Genetic loss of the Cu transporter Ctr1 or mutations in ULK1 that disrupt Cu-binding reduced ULK1/2-dependent signaling and autophagosome complex formation. Elevated intracellular Cu levels are associated with starvation induced autophagy and sufficient to enhance ULK1 kinase activity and in turn autophagic flux. The growth and survival of lung tumors driven by KRASG12D is diminished in the absence of Ctr1, depends on ULK1 Cu-binding, and is associated with reduced autophagy levels and signaling. These findings suggest a molecular basis for exploiting Cu-chelation therapy to forestall autophagy signaling to limit proliferation and survival in cancer.
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19
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Liao Y, Zhao J, Bulek K, Tang F, Chen X, Cai G, Jia S, Fox PL, Huang E, Pizarro TT, Kalady MF, Jackson MW, Bao S, Sen GC, Stark GR, Chang CJ, Li X. Inflammation mobilizes copper metabolism to promote colon tumorigenesis via an IL-17-STEAP4-XIAP axis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:900. [PMID: 32060280 PMCID: PMC7021685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper levels are known to be elevated in inflamed and malignant tissues. But the mechanism underlying this selective enrichment has been elusive. In this study, we report a axis by which inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, drive cellular copper uptake via the induction of a metalloreductase, STEAP4. IL-17-induced elevated intracellular copper level leads to the activation of an E3-ligase, XIAP, which potentiates IL-17-induced NFκB activation and suppresses the caspase 3 activity. Importantly, this IL-17-induced STEAP4-dependent cellular copper uptake is critical for colon tumor formation in a murine model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis and STEAP4 expression correlates with IL-17 level and XIAP activation in human colon cancer. In summary, this study reveals a IL-17-STEAP4-XIAP axis through which the inflammatory response induces copper uptake, promoting colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Fangqiang Tang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shang Jia
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Emina Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Matthew F Kalady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ganes C Sen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - George R Stark
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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20
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Theotoki EI, Velentzas AD, Katarachia SA, Papandreou NC, Kalavros NI, Pasadaki SN, Giannopoulou AF, Giannios P, Iconomidou VA, Konstantakou EG, Anastasiadou E, Papassideri IS, Stravopodis DJ. Targeting of copper-trafficking chaperones causes gene-specific systemic pathology in Drosophila melanogaster: prospective expansion of mutational landscapes that regulate tumor resistance to cisplatin. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.046961. [PMID: 31575544 PMCID: PMC6826294 DOI: 10.1242/bio.046961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper, a transition metal, is an essential component for normal growth and development. It acts as a critical co-factor of many enzymes that play key roles in diverse cellular processes. The present study attempts to investigate the regulatory functions decisively controlling copper trafficking during development and aging of the Drosophila model system. Hence, through engagement of the GAL4/UAS genetic platform and RNAi technology, we herein examined the in vivo significance of Atox1 and CCS genes, products of which pivotally govern cellular copper trafficking in fly tissue pathophysiology. Specifically, we analyzed the systemic effects of their targeted downregulation on the eye, wing, neuronal cell populations and whole-body tissues of the fly. Our results reveal that, in contrast to the eye, suppression of their expression in the wing leads to a notable increase in the percentage of malformed organs observed. Furthermore, we show that Atox1 or CCS gene silencing in either neuronal or whole-body tissues can critically affect the viability and climbing capacity of transgenic flies, while their double-genetic targeting suggests a rather synergistic mode of action of the cognate protein products. Interestingly, pharmacological intervention with the anti-cancer drug cisplatin indicates the major contribution of CCS copper chaperone to cisplatin's cellular trafficking, and presumably to tumor resistance often acquired during chemotherapy. Altogether, it seems that Atox1 and CCS proteins serve as tissue/organ-specific principal regulators of physiological Drosophila development and aging, while their tissue-dependent downregulation can provide important insights for Atox1 and CCS potential exploitation as predictive gene biomarkers of cancer-cell chemotherapy responses. Summary: We demonstrate the essential roles of Atox1 and CCS copper-trafficking chaperones in Drosophila development and aging. We also provide insights for their therapeutic exploitation as cisplatin regulators during cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni I Theotoki
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Athanassios D Velentzas
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Stamatia A Katarachia
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Nikos C Papandreou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Nikolas I Kalavros
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Sofia N Pasadaki
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Aikaterini F Giannopoulou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Giannios
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Vassiliki A Iconomidou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Eumorphia G Konstantakou
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (MGHCC), Charlestown, Massachusetts (MA) 021004, USA
| | - Ema Anastasiadou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Issidora S Papassideri
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Dimitrios J Stravopodis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 15701, Greece
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21
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Abstract
Copper is a redox-active transition metal ion required for the function of many essential human proteins. For biosynthesis of proteins coordinating copper, the metal may bind before, during or after folding of the polypeptide. If the metal binds to unfolded or partially folded structures of the protein, such coordination may modulate the folding reaction. The molecular understanding of how copper is incorporated into proteins requires descriptions of chemical, thermodynamic, kinetic and structural parameters involved in the formation of protein-metal complexes. Because free copper ions are toxic, living systems have elaborate copper-transport systems that include particular proteins that facilitate efficient and specific delivery of copper ions to target proteins. Therefore, these pathways become an integral part of copper protein folding in vivo. This review summarizes biophysical-molecular in vitro work assessing the role of copper in folding and stability of copper-binding proteins as well as protein-protein copper exchange reactions between human copper transport proteins. We also describe some recent findings about the participation of copper ions and copper proteins in protein misfolding and aggregation reactions in vitro.
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22
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De Luca A, Barile A, Arciello M, Rossi L. Copper homeostasis as target of both consolidated and innovative strategies of anti-tumor therapy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:204-213. [PMID: 31345360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper was reported to be involved in the onset and progression of cancer. Proteins in charge of copper uptake and distribution, as well as cuproenzymes, are altered in cancer. More recently, proteins involved in signaling cascades, regulating cell proliferation, and anti-apoptotic protein factors were found to interact with copper. Therefore, therapeutic strategies using copper complexing molecules have been proposed for cancer therapy and used in clinical trials. OBJECTIVES This review will focus on novel findings about the involvement of copper and cupro-proteins in cancer dissemination process, epithelium to mesenchymal transition and vascularization. Particularly, implication of well-established (e.g. lysil oxidase) or newly identified copper-binding proteins (e.g. MEMO1), as well as their interplay, will be discussed. Moreover, we will describe recently synthesized copper complexes, including plant-derived ones, and their efficacy in contrasting cancer development. CONCLUSIONS The research on the involvement of copper in cancer is still an open field. Further investigation is required to unveil the mechanisms involved in copper delivery to the novel copper-binding proteins, which may identify other possible gene and protein targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Barile
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Arciello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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23
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Chen SN, Fang T, Kong JY, Pan BB, Su XC. Third BIR domain of XIAP binds to both Cu(II) and Cu(I) in multiple sites and with diverse affinities characterized at atomic resolution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7428. [PMID: 31092843 PMCID: PMC6520397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-chromosome linked inhibitor of apoptosis, XIAP, is mainly known as the inhibitor of caspases by direct interaction with caspases with its baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains. XIAP has three BIR domains and each BIR domain contains a zinc binding site, normally known as zinc finger motif. Recent studies showed that XIAP is involved in copper homeostasis in cells and the BIR domains bind copper ion. However, structural details of the second and third BIR domain, BIR2 and BIR3, in XIAP, with copper as well as the binding modes are not known. In the present work we characterize the structural properties of BIR3 in solution by high resolution NMR and other biophysical techniques. The interaction of BIR3 with copper both in vitro and in cell lysates was analyzed. Our results show that BIR3 is able to form stable complexes both with Cu(II) and Cu(I), whereas zinc binding site is not affected and zinc retains tightly bound in the zinc finger during these interactions. Surprisingly, BIR3 has multiple binding sites for Cu(II) and Cu(I) but with varied binding affinities. In addition, the solvent exposed Cys351 is readily oxidized by Cu(II) resulting an intermolecular disulfide bond either between two BIR3 molecules or a mixed disulfide bond with glutathione in cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing-Yang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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24
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Scott AJ, Walker SA, Krank JJ, Wilkinson AS, Johnson KM, Lewis EM, Wilkinson JC. AIF promotes a JNK1-mediated cadherin switch independently of respiratory chain stabilization. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14707-14722. [PMID: 30093403 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein occasionally involved in cell death that primarily regulates mitochondrial energy metabolism under normal cellular conditions. AIF catalyzes the oxidation of NADH in vitro, yet the significance of this redox activity in cells remains unclear. Here, we show that through its enzymatic activity AIF is a critical factor for oxidative stress-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases JNK1 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), p38, and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). AIF-dependent JNK1 signaling culminates in the cadherin switch, and genetic reversal of this switch leads to apoptosis when AIF is suppressed. Notably, this widespread ability of AIF to promote JNK signaling can be uncoupled from its more limited role in respiratory chain stabilization. Thus, AIF is a transmitter of extra-mitochondrial signaling cues with important implications for human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Scott
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108 and
| | - Sierra A Walker
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108 and
| | - Joshua J Krank
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108 and
| | - Amanda S Wilkinson
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108 and
| | - Kaitlyn M Johnson
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108 and
| | - Eric M Lewis
- the Department of Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics, Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania 16214
| | - John C Wilkinson
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108 and
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25
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Organ-specific regulation of ATP7A abundance is coordinated with systemic copper homeostasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12001. [PMID: 28931909 PMCID: PMC5607234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential cofactor for various enzymatic activities including mitochondrial electron transport, iron mobilization, and peptide hormone maturation. Consequently, Cu dysregulation is associated with fatal neonatal disease, liver and cardiac dysfunction, and anemia. While the Cu transporter ATP7A plays a major role in both intestinal Cu mobilization to the periphery and prevention of Cu over-accumulation, it is unclear how regulation of ATP7A contributes to Cu homeostasis in response to systemic Cu fluctuation. Here we show, using Cu-deficient mouse models, that steady-state levels of ATP7A are lower in peripheral tissues (including the heart, spleen, and liver) under Cu deficiency and that subcutaneous administration of Cu to these animals restore normal ATP7A levels in these tissues. Strikingly, ATP7A in the intestine is regulated in the opposite manner - low systemic Cu increases ATP7A while subcutaneous Cu administration decreases ATP7A suggesting that intestine-specific non-autonomous regulation of ATP7A abundance may serve as a key homeostatic control for Cu export into the circulation. Our results support a systemic model for how a single transporter can be inversely regulated in a tissue-specific manner to maintain organismal Cu homeostasis.
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26
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Dirksen K, Spee B, Penning LC, van den Ingh TSGAM, Burgener IA, Watson AL, Groot Koerkamp M, Rothuizen J, van Steenbeek FG, Fieten H. Gene expression patterns in the progression of canine copper-associated chronic hepatitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176826. [PMID: 28459846 PMCID: PMC5411060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element, but can become toxic when present in abundance. The severe effects of copper-metabolism imbalance are illustrated by the inherited disorders Wilson disease and Menkes disease. The Labrador retriever dog breed is a novel non-rodent model for copper-storage disorders carrying mutations in genes known to be involved in copper transport. Besides disease initiation and progression of copper accumulation, the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in progression towards copper-associated chronic hepatitis still remain unclear. Using expression levels of targeted candidate genes as well as transcriptome micro-arrays in liver tissue of Labrador retrievers in different stages of copper-associated hepatitis, pathways involved in progression of the disease were studied. At the initial phase of increased hepatic copper levels, transcriptomic alterations in livers mainly revealed enrichment for cell adhesion, developmental, inflammatory, and cytoskeleton pathways. Upregulation of targeted MT1A and COMMD1 mRNA shows the liver's first response to rising intrahepatic copper concentrations. In livers with copper-associated hepatitis mainly an activation of inflammatory pathways is detected. Once the hepatitis is in the chronic stage, transcriptional differences are found in cell adhesion adaptations and cytoskeleton remodelling. In view of the high similarities in copper-associated hepatopathies between men and dog extrapolation of these dog data into human biomedicine seems feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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27
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Chirieleison SM, Marsh RA, Kumar P, Rathkey JK, Dubyak GR, Abbott DW. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) signaling defects and cell death susceptibility cannot be uncoupled in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-driven inflammatory disease. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9666-9679. [PMID: 28404814 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) protein has been identified as a key genetic driver of two distinct inflammatory disorders, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome 2 (XLP-2) and very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD). Molecularly, the role of XIAP mutations in the pathogenesis of these disorders is unclear. Recent work has consistently shown XIAP to be critical for signaling downstream of the Crohn's disease susceptibility protein nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 (NOD2); however, the reported effects of XLP-2 and VEO-IBD XIAP mutations on cell death have been inconsistent. In this manuscript, we describe a CRISPR-mediated genetic system for cells of the myeloid lineage in which XIAP alleles can be replaced with disease-associated XIAP variants expressed at endogenous levels to simultaneously study inflammation-related cell death and NOD2 signaling. We show that, consistent with previous studies, NOD2 signaling is critically dependent on the BIR2 domain of XIAP. We further used this system to reconcile the aforementioned inconsistent XIAP cell death data to show that XLP-2 and VEO-IBD XIAP mutations that exhibit a loss-of-function NOD2 phenotype also lower the threshold for inflammatory cell death. Last, we identified and studied three novel patient XIAP mutations and used this system to characterize NOD2 and cell death phenotypes driven by XIAP. The results of this work support the role of XIAP in mediating NOD2 signaling while reconciling the role of XLP-2 and VEO-IBD XIAP mutations in inflammatory cell death and provide a set of tools and framework to rapidly test newly discovered XIAP variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A Marsh
- the Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | | | | | - George R Dubyak
- Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
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28
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Öhrvik H, Aaseth J, Horn N. Orchestration of dynamic copper navigation – new and missing pieces. Metallomics 2017; 9:1204-1229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general principle in all cells in the body is that an essential metal – here copper – is taken up at the plasma membrane, directed through cellular compartments for use in specific enzymes and pathways, stored in specific scavenging molecules if in surplus, and finally expelled from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
- Norway
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29
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Matson Dzebo M, Ariöz C, Wittung-Stafshede P. Extended functional repertoire for human copper chaperones. Biomol Concepts 2016; 7:29-39. [PMID: 26745464 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2015-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) ions are cofactors in many essential enzymes. As free Cu ions are toxic, most organisms have highly specialized Cu transport systems involving dedicated proteins. The human cytoplasmic Cu chaperone Atox1 delivers Cu to P1B-type ATPases in the Golgi network, for incorporation into Cu-dependent enzymes following the secretory path. Atox1 homologs are found in most organisms; it is a 68-residue ferredoxin-fold protein that binds Cu in a conserved surface-exposed CXXC motif. In addition to Atox1, the human cytoplasm also contains Cu chaperones for loading of superoxide dismutase 1 (i.e. CCS) and cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria (i.e. Cox17). Many mechanistic aspects have been resolved with respect to how Cu ions are moved between these proteins. In addition to the primary cytoplasmic Cu chaperone function, all three cytoplasmic chaperones have been reported to have other interaction partners that are involved in signaling pathways that modulate cell growth and development. These new discoveries imply that humans have evolved a highly sophisticated network of control mechanisms that connect Cu transport with cell regulatory processes. This knowledge may eventually be exploited for future drug developments towards diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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30
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Kalita J, Kumar V, Misra UK. A Study on Apoptosis and Anti-apoptotic Status in Wilson Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6659-6667. [PMID: 26646538 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is characterized by hepatolenticular degeneration, but there is no report on apoptosis and anti-apoptotic markers in WD patients with neurological manifestation (WDN). The aim of this study was to evaluate active caspase-3 and X-linked inhibitors of apoptosis protein (XIAP) level in WDN and correlate these with disease severity and markers of death (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Cu) and survival signals (glutathione). Fifty-four patients with WDN and 36 healthy matched controls were included. Their severity, Burke-Fahn-Marsden (BFM) scores, blood counts, hemoglobin, serum chemistry, ceruloplasmin, and free copper and 24-h urinary copper were measured. Cranial MRI findings were noted. Serum active caspase-3, XIAP, TNF-α, IL-8, and plasma glutathione and MDA were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and spectrophotometer respectively. In the patients with WDN, active caspase-3 (0.55 ± 0.11 vs 0.38 ± 0.06 ng/ml), TNF-α (76.05 ± 29.01 vs 36.05 ± 21.01 pg/ml), IL-8 (590.19 ± 89.19 vs 193.43 ± 71.01 pg/ml), and MDA (4.92 ± 0.39 vs 3.43 ± 0.21 nmol/ml) levels were increased whereas XIAP (84.66 ± 10.39 vs 95.76 ± 10.11 ng/ml) and glutathione (GSH) (2.03 ± 0.29 vs 2.98 ± 0.27 mg/dl) levels were decreased compared to controls. Active caspase-3 was correlated with neurological severity (r = 0.48), BFM score (r = 0.37), ceruloplasmin (r = -0.39), hemoglobin (r = -0.34), and serum Cu (r = 0.39). XIAP levels were correlated with neurological severity (r = -0.40), BFM (r = -0.51), serum Cu (r = -0.42), and ceruloplasmin (r = 0.34). The XIAP level positively correlated with survival (GSH) and inversely with death signals (TNF-α, IL-8, MDA and free serum Cu) whereas active caspase-3 positively correlated with death (TNF-α, IL-8, serum Cu, MDA) and inversely with survival signal (GSH). Serum active caspase-3 level increased in WDN and positively correlated with the severity of disease, death signals (TNF, IL-8, MDA, and free Cu) and inversely with GSH and XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalita
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226014, India.
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - U K Misra
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
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31
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Kocab AJ, Duckett CS. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins as intracellular signaling intermediates. FEBS J 2015; 283:221-31. [PMID: 26462035 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins have often been considered inhibitors of cell death due to early reports that described their ability to directly bind and inhibit caspases, the primary factors that implement apoptosis. However, a greater understanding is evolving regarding the vital roles played by IAPs as transduction intermediates in a diverse set of signaling cascades associated with functions ranging from the innate immune response to cell migration to cell-cycle regulation. In this review, we discuss the functions of IAPs in signaling, focusing primarily on the cellular IAP (c-IAP) proteins. The c-IAPs are important components in tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily signaling cascades, which include activation of the NF-κB transcription factor family. As these receptors modulate cell proliferation and cell death, the involvement of the c-IAPs in these pathways provides an additional means of controlling cellular fate beyond simply inhibiting caspase activity. Additionally, IAP-binding proteins, such as Smac and caspases, which have been described as having cell death-independent roles, may affect c-IAP activity in intracellular signaling. Collectively, the multi-faceted functions and complex regulation of the c-IAPs illustrate their importance as intracellular signaling intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kocab
- Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Colin S Duckett
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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32
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Upadhyay A, Amanullah A, Chhangani D, Mishra R, Mishra A. Selective multifaceted E3 ubiquitin ligases barricade extreme defense: Potential therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration and ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:138-59. [PMID: 26247845 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and regular performance of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy continuously eliminate deleterious accumulation of nonnative protiens. In cellular quality control system, E3 ubiquitin ligases are significant employees for defense mechanism against abnormal toxic proteins. Few findings indicate that lack of functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases can be a causative factor of neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegeneration, cancer and ageing. However, the detailed molecular pathomechanism implying E3 ubiquitin ligases in cellular functions in multifactorial disease conditions are not well understood. This article systematically represents the unique characteristics, molecular nature, and recent developments in the knowledge of neurobiological functions of few crucial E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here, we review recent literature on the roles of E6-AP, HRD1 and ITCH E3 ubiquitin ligases in the neuro-pathobiological mechanisms, with precise focus on the processes of neurodegeneration, and thereby propose new lines of potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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33
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Cellular sensing and transport of metal ions: implications in micronutrient homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1103-15. [PMID: 26342943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients include the transition metal ions zinc, copper and iron. These metals are essential for life as they serve as cofactors for many different proteins. On the other hand, they can also be toxic to cell growth when in excess. As a consequence, all organisms require mechanisms to tightly regulate the levels of these metal ions. In eukaryotes, one of the primary ways in which metal levels are regulated is through changes in expression of genes required for metal uptake, compartmentalization, storage and export. By tightly regulating the expression of these genes, each organism is able to balance metal levels despite fluctuations in the diet or extracellular environment. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of how gene expression can be controlled at a transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational level in response to metal ions in lower and higher eukaryotes. Specifically, I review what is known about how these metalloregulatory factors sense fluctuations in metal ion levels and how changes in gene expression maintain nutrient homeostasis.
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Tsai CY, Liebig JK, Tsigelny IF, Howell SB. The copper transporter 1 (CTR1) is required to maintain the stability of copper transporter 2 (CTR2). Metallomics 2015. [PMID: 26205368 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have two influx Cu transporters that form trimers in membranes. CTR1 is the high affinity transporter that resides largely in the plasma membrane, and CTR2 is the low affinity transporter that is primarily associated with vesicular structures inside the cell. The major differences between CTR1 and CTR2 are that CTR1 contains a HIS/MET-rich domain N-terminal of the METS that participate in the first two stacked rings that form the pore, and a longer C-terminal tail that includes a Cu binding HIS-CYS-HIS (HCH) motif right at the end. It has been reported that CTR1 and CTR2 are physically associated with each other in the cell. We used the CRISPR-Cas9 technology to knock out either CTR1 or CTR2 in fully malignant HEK293T and OVCAR8 human ovarian cancer cells to investigate the interaction of CTR1 and CTR2. We report here that the level of CTR2 protein is markedly decreased in CTR1 knockout clones while the CTR2 transcript level remains unchanged. CTR2 was found to be highly ubiquitinated in the CTR1 knock out cells, and inhibition of the proteasome prevented the degradation of CTR2 when CTR1 was not present while inhibition of autophagy had no effect. Re-expression of CTR1 rescued CTR2 from degradation in the CTR1 knockout cells. We conclude that CTR1 is essential to maintain the stability of CTR2 and that in the absence of CTR1 CTR2 is degraded by the proteasome. This reinforces the concept that the functions of CTR1 and CTR2 are inter-dependent within the Cu homeostasis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA.
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Ogra Y. Molecular mechanisms underlying copper homeostasis in Mammalian cells. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2015; 69:136-45. [PMID: 24858509 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.69.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for living organisms that utilize oxygen for respiration and is required as a cofactor of redox-regulating enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, lysyl oxidase, tyrosinase, and dopamine β-hydroxylase. However, the redox-active property of this metal may have toxic effects on cells due to the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species. Given these circumstances, it is said that cells have a dependable system for Cu homeostasis that efficiently distributes this essential metal to cuproenzymes, thereby preventing damage to proteins, nucleic acids, sugars, and lipids. In particular, influx, efflux, and intracellular distribution with maintenance of the oxidation state of Cu are strictly regulated. Several groups of Cu-regulating factors have been identified in mammalian cells, i.e., Cu transporters, Cu chaperones, Cu-binding proteins/peptides, and others. In this review, the features of the Cu-regulating factors are concisely examined in terms of molecular mechanisms underlying Cu homeostasis in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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Liang Y, Ewing PM, Laursen WJ, Tripp VT, Singh S, Splan KE. Copper-binding properties of the BIR2 and BIR3 domains of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wang T, Li R, Lin C, Sun M, Kang YJ. Brief Communication: Copper suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 is involved in the regression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:948-953. [PMID: 24903162 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214536119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that copper (Cu)-induced regression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is associated with enhanced activity in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) signaling pathway. The mechanism by which Cu enhances the activity of VEGFR-1 pathway remains to be defined. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that Cu enhances the VEGFR-1 signaling pathway via suppression of the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to phenylephrine (PE) at a final concentration of 100 µM in cultures for 48 h to induce cell hypertrophy. The hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were exposed to copper sulfate at a final concentration of 5 µM Cu in cultures for 24 h. Western blot analysis showed that PE increased the protein levels of both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Cu supplementation significantly reduced the increase in VEGFR-2, but had no effect on the elevation of VEGFR-1. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis found no difference in the mRNA levels between the VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 under the conditions defined above. This study thus demonstrated that Cu selectively suppressed PE-elevated VEGFR-2 levels likely via post-translational regulation, leading to the VEGFR-1 signaling pathway becoming dominant and thereby regressing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rui Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Dong D, Xu X, Yin W, Kang YJ. Changes in copper concentrations affect the protein levels but not the mRNA levels of copper chaperones in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Metallomics 2013; 6:554-9. [PMID: 24343031 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper chaperones are critical regulators of intracellular copper metabolism and distribution. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of changes in copper concentrations on the abundance of copper chaperones. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with siRNA targeting copper transporter 1 (CTR1) or tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) to decrease, or with copper sulfide to increase, intracellular copper concentrations, assayed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Western blot analyses showed that CTR1 silencing or TEPA treatment increased the protein levels of copper chaperone ATOX1 and copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase 1 (CCS-1), but decreased copper chaperone for cytochrome c oxidase (COX17). In contrast, copper supplementation decreased the protein levels of ATOX1 and CCS-1 and increased COX17. Real-time RT-PCR analyses found no difference in the mRNA levels of the copper chaperones examined under the conditions defined above. This study thus demonstrated that changes in copper concentrations alter the protein levels, but not the mRNA levels, of copper chaperones, suggesting a role of copper in the post-translational modification of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyin Dong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China.
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Sueyoshi R, Woods Ignatoski KM, Okawada M, Teitelbaum DH. Distraction-induced intestinal growth: the role of mechanotransduction mechanisms in a mouse model of short bowel syndrome. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:830-41. [PMID: 24070252 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies are needed to address the problem of patients with short bowel syndrome. We previously demonstrated a three-fold lengthening of pig bowel after 2 weeks of applied distractive forces, but we have not elucidated the mechanisms facilitating this growth. We used a mouse model of distraction-induced enterogenesis. High molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) osmotically stretched an isolated small bowel segment (PEG-stretch). Significant increases in villus height and crypt depth and in intestinal epithelial cell length and numbers suggested epithelial remodeling in addition to proliferation during enterogenesis. LC-MS/MS analysis showed a two-fold upregulation of α-actinin-1 and -4. We also demonstrated that p-focal adhesion kinase (FAK), FAK, α-actinin, and Rac1 were significantly upregulated and that F-actin was relocalized in PEG-stretch versus controls. Blockade of the phosphotidyl inositol 3' kinase pathway failed to influence the increase in proliferation or decline in apoptosis after stretch, suggesting alternative signaling pathways are used, including MEK and P38MAPK, which were both upregulated during enterogenesis. Our data suggests that several known mechanotransduction pathways drive distraction-induced enterogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sueyoshi
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Wang K, Lin B. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) as regulatory factors of hepatic apoptosis. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1970-80. [PMID: 23770286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IAPs are a group of regulatory proteins that are structurally related. Their conserved homologues have been identified in various organisms. In human, eight IAP members have been recognized based on baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains. IAPs are key regulators of apoptosis, cytokinesis and signal transduction. The antiapoptotic property of IAPs depends on their professional role for caspases. IAPs are functionally non-equivalent and regulate effector caspases through distinct mechanisms. IAPs impede apoptotic process via membrane receptor-dependent (extrinsic) cascade and mitochondrial dependent (intrinsic) pathway. IAP-mediated apoptosis affects the progression of liver diseases. Therapeutic options of liver diseases may depend on the understanding toward mechanisms of the IAP-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- Departments of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA.
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Miyata Y, Rauch JN, Jinwal UK, Thompson AD, Srinivasan S, Dickey CA, Gestwicki JE. Cysteine reactivity distinguishes redox sensing by the heat-inducible and constitutive forms of heat shock protein 70. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [PMID: 23177194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of molecular chaperones has important functions in maintaining proteostasis under stress conditions. Several Hsp70 isoforms, especially Hsp72 (HSPA1A), are dramatically upregulated in response to stress; however, it is unclear whether these family members have biochemical properties that are specifically adapted to these scenarios. The redox-active compound, methylene blue (MB), has been shown to inhibit the ATPase activity of Hsp72 in vitro, and it promotes degradation of the Hsp72 substrate, tau, in cellular and animal models. Here, we report that MB irreversibly inactivates Hsp72 but not the nearly identical, constitutively expressed isoform, heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70; HSPA8). Mass spectrometry results show that MB oxidizes Cys306, which is not conserved in Hsc70. Molecular models suggested that oxidation of Cys306 exposes Cys267 to modification and that both events contribute to loss of ATP binding in response to MB. Consistent with this model, mutating Cys267 and Cys306 to serine made Hsp72 largely resistant to MB in vitro, and overexpression of the C306S mutant blocked MB-mediated loss of tau in a cellular model. Furthermore, mutating Cys267 and Cys306 to the pseudo-oxidation mimic, aspartic acid, mirrored MB treatment: the C267D and C306D mutants had reduced ATPase activity in vitro, and overexpression of the C267/306D double mutant significantly reduced tau levels in cells. Together, these results suggest that redox sensing by specific cysteine residues in Hsp72, but not Hsc70, may be an important component of the chaperone response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Miyata
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biological Chemistry, and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
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Lionaki E, Tavernarakis N. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial protein quality control in aging. J Proteomics 2013; 92:181-94. [PMID: 23563202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein quality control incorporates an elaborate network of chaperones and proteases that survey the organelle for misfolded or unfolded proteins and toxic aggregates. Repair of misfolded or aggregated protein and proteolytic removal of irreversibly damaged proteins are carried out by the mitochondrial protein quality control system. Initial maturation and folding of the nuclear or mitochondrial-encoded mitochondrial proteins are mediated by processing peptidases and chaperones that interact with the protein translocation machinery. Mitochondrial proteins are subjected to cumulative oxidative damage. Thus, impairment of quality control processes may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging has been associated with a marked decline in the effectiveness of mitochondrial protein quality control. Here, we present an overview of the chaperones and proteases involved in the initial folding and maturation of new, incoming precursor molecules, and the subsequent repair and removal of oxidized aggregated proteins. In addition, we highlight the link between mitochondrial protein quality control mechanisms and the aging process. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
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43
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Roscioli E, Hamon R, Lester S, Murgia C, Grant J, Zalewski P. Zinc-rich inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) as regulatory factors in the epithelium of normal and inflamed airways. Biometals 2013; 26:205-27. [PMID: 23460081 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Integrity of the airway epithelium (AE) is important in the context of inhaled allergens and noxious substances, particularly during asthma-related airway inflammation where there is increased vulnerability of the AE to cell death. Apoptosis involves a number of signaling pathways which activate procaspases leading to cleavage of critical substrates. Understanding the factors which regulate AE caspases is important for development of strategies to minimize AE damage and airway inflammation, and therefore to better control asthma. One such factor is the essential dietary metal zinc. Zinc deficiency results in enhanced AE apoptosis, and worsened airway inflammation. This has implications for asthma, where abnormalities in zinc homeostasis have been observed. Zinc is thought to suppress the steps involved in caspase-3 activation. One target of zinc is the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) which are endogenous regulators of caspases. More studies are needed to identify the roles of IAPs in regulating apoptosis in normal and inflamed airways and to study their interaction with labile zinc ions. This new information will provide a framework for future clinical studies aimed at monitoring and management of airway zinc levels as well as minimising airway damage and inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Roscioli
- Discipline of Medicine, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, 5011, Australia.
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Espada L, Meo-Evoli N, Sancho P, Real S, Fabregat I, Ambrosio S, Tauler A. ROS production is essential for the apoptotic function of E2F1 in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51544. [PMID: 23251571 PMCID: PMC3520901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we demonstrate that accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for E2F1 mediated apoptosis in ER-E2F1 PC12 pheochromocytoma, and SH-SY5Y and SK-N-JD neuroblastoma stable cell lines. In these cells, the ER-E2F1 fusion protein is expressed in the cytosol; the addition of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) induces its translocation to the nucleus and activation of E2F1target genes. Previously we demonstrated that, in ER-E2F1 PC12 cells, OHT treatment induced apoptosis through activation of caspase-3. Here we show that caspase-8 activity did not change upon treatment with OHT. Moreover, over-expression of Bcl-xL arrested OHT-induced apoptosis; by contrast, over-expression of c-FLIP, did not have any effect on OHT-induced apoptosis. OHT addition induces BimL expression, its translocation to mitochondria and activation of Bax, which is paralleled by diminished mitochondrial enrichment of Bcl-xL. Treatment with a Bax-inhibitory peptide reduced OHT-induced apoptosis. These results point out the essential role of mitochondria on the apoptotic process driven by E2F1. ROS accumulation followed E2F1 induction and treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, inhibited E2F1-induced Bax translocation to mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis. The role of ROS in mediating OHT-induced apoptosis was also studied in two neuroblastoma cell lines, SH-SY5Y and SK-N-JD. In SH-SY5Y cells, activation of E2F1 by the addition of OHT induced ROS production and apoptosis, whereas over-expression of E2F1 in SK-N-JD cells failed to induce either response. Transcriptional profiling revealed that many of the genes responsible for scavenging ROS were down-regulated following E2F1-induction in SH-SY5Y, but not in SK-N-JD cells. Finally, inhibition of GSK3β blocked ROS production, Bax activation and the down regulation of ROS scavenging genes. These findings provide an explanation for the apparent contradictory role of E2F1 as an apoptotic agent versus a cell cycle activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Espada
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Nathalie Meo-Evoli
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Cancer and Metabolism Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Sebastian Real
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitaride Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Santiago Ambrosio
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitaride Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Albert Tauler
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Cancer and Metabolism Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Thompson AD, Scaglione KM, Prensner J, Gillies AT, Chinnaiyan A, Paulson HL, Jinwal UK, Dickey CA, Gestwicki JE. Analysis of the tau-associated proteome reveals that exchange of Hsp70 for Hsp90 is involved in tau degradation. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1677-86. [PMID: 22769591 PMCID: PMC3477299 DOI: 10.1021/cb3002599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT/tau) aberrantly accumulates in 15 neurodegenerative diseases, termed tauopathies. One way to treat tauopathies may be to accelerate tau clearance, but the molecular mechanisms governing tau stability are not yet clear. We recently identified chemical probes that markedly accelerate the clearance of tau in cellular and animal models. In the current study, we used one of these probes in combination with immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify 48 proteins whose association with tau changes during the first 10 min after treatment. These proteins included known modifiers of tau proteotoxicity, such as ILF-2 (NFAT), ILF-3, and ataxin-2. A striking observation from the data set was that tau binding to heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) decreased, whereas binding to Hsp90 significantly increased. Both chaperones have been linked to tau homeostasis, but their mechanisms have not been established. Using peptide arrays and binding assays, we found that Hsp70 and Hsp90 appeared to compete for binding to shared sites on tau. Further, the Hsp90-bound complex proved to be important in initiating tau clearance in cells. These results suggest that the relative levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90 may help determine whether tau is retained or degraded. Consistent with this model, analysis of reported microarray expression data from Alzheimer's disease patients and age-matched controls showed that the levels of Hsp90 are reduced in the diseased hippocampus. These studies suggest that Hsp70 and Hsp90 work together to coordinate tau homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Thompson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
| | | | - John Prensner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
| | - Anne T. Gillies
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
| | - Arul Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
| | - Henry L. Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
| | - Umesh K. Jinwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
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Marivin A, Berthelet J, Plenchette S, Dubrez L. The Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAPs) in Adaptive Response to Cellular Stress. Cells 2012; 1:711-37. [PMID: 24710527 PMCID: PMC3901146 DOI: 10.3390/cells1040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous cellular injuries. They cope with stressful stimuli by adapting their metabolism and activating various "guardian molecules." These pro-survival factors protect essential cell constituents, prevent cell death, and possibly repair cellular damages. The Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAPs) proteins display both anti-apoptotic and pro-survival properties and their expression can be induced by a variety of cellular stress such as hypoxia, endoplasmic reticular stress and DNA damage. Thus, IAPs can confer tolerance to cellular stress. This review presents the anti-apoptotic and survival functions of IAPs and their role in the adaptive response to cellular stress. The involvement of IAPs in human physiology and diseases in connection with a breakdown of cellular homeostasis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Marivin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR866, Dijon F-21079, France.
| | - Jean Berthelet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR866, Dijon F-21079, France.
| | - Stéphanie Plenchette
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR), Université de Bourgogne, 100, Dijon F-21079, France.
| | - Laurence Dubrez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR866, Dijon F-21079, France.
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Fang W, Price MS, Toffaletti DL, Tenor J, Betancourt-Quiroz M, Price JL, Pan WH, Liao WQ, Perfect JR. Pleiotropic effects of deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp5 on growth and pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38326. [PMID: 22719877 PMCID: PMC3375289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible protein modification that influences various cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. Deubiquitinating enzymes remove ubiquitin, maintain ubiquitin homeostasis and regulate protein degradation via the ubiquitination pathway. Cryptococcus neoformans is an important basidiomycete pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis primarily in the immunocompromised population. In order to understand the possible influence deubiquitinases have on growth and virulence of the model pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, we generated deletion mutants of seven putative deubiquitinase genes. Compared to other deubiquitinating enzyme mutants, a ubp5Δ mutant exhibited severely attenuated virulence and many distinct phenotypes, including decreased capsule formation, hypomelanization, defective sporulation, and elevated sensitivity to several external stressors (such as high temperature, oxidative and nitrosative stresses, high salts, and antifungal agents). Ubp5 is likely the major deubiquitinating enzyme for stress responses in C. neoformans, which further delineates the evolutionary divergence of Cryptococcus from the model yeast S. cerevisiae, and provides an important paradigm for understanding the potential role of deubiquitination in virulence by other pathogenic fungi. Other putative deubiquitinase mutants (doa4Δ and ubp13Δ) share some phenotypes with the ubp5Δ mutant, illustrating functional overlap among deubiquitinating enzymes in C. neoformans. Therefore, deubiquitinating enzymes (especially Ubp5) are essential for the virulence composite of C. neoformans and provide an additional yeast survival and propagation advantage in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, PLA Key Laboratory of Mycosis, Institute of Dermatology and Mycosis of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Price
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dena L. Toffaletti
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Tenor
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marisol Betancourt-Quiroz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Price
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei-hua Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, PLA Key Laboratory of Mycosis, Institute of Dermatology and Mycosis of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-qing Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, PLA Key Laboratory of Mycosis, Institute of Dermatology and Mycosis of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JRP); (W-QL)
| | - John R. Perfect
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRP); (W-QL)
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Huppke P, Brendel C, Korenke GC, Marquardt I, Donsante A, Yi L, Hicks JD, Steinbach PJ, Wilson C, Elpeleg O, Møller LB, Christodoulou J, Kaler SG, Gärtner J. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a unique mutation in CCS, the human copper chaperone to superoxide dismutase. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:1207-15. [PMID: 22508683 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a trace metal that readily gains and donates electrons, a property that renders it desirable as an enzyme cofactor but dangerous as a source of free radicals. To regulate cellular Cu metabolism, an elaborate system of chaperones and transporters has evolved, although no human Cu chaperone mutations have been described to date. We describe a child from a consanguineous family who inherited homozygous mutations in the SLC33A1, encoding an acetyl CoA transporter, and in CCS, encoding the Cu chaperone for superoxide dismutase. The CCS mutation, p.Arg163Trp, predicts substitution of a highly conserved arginine residue at position 163, with tryptophan in domain II of CCS, which interacts directly with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Biochemical analyses of the patient's fibroblasts, mammalian cell transfections, immunoprecipitation assays, and Lys7Δ (CCS homolog) yeast complementation support the pathogenicity of the mutation. Expression of CCS was reduced and binding of CCS to SOD1 impaired. As a result, this mutation causes reduced SOD1 activity and may impair other mechanisms important for normal Cu homeostasis. CCS-Arg163Trp represents the primary example of a human mutation in a gene coding for a Cu chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Huppke
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany.
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Mitra S, Keswani T, Dey M, Bhattacharya S, Sarkar S, Goswami S, Ghosh N, Dutta A, Bhattacharyya A. Copper-induced immunotoxicity involves cell cycle arrest and cell death in the spleen and thymus. Toxicology 2012; 293:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Nevitt T, Ohrvik H, Thiele DJ. Charting the travels of copper in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1580-93. [PMID: 22387373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, all organisms have harnessed the redox properties of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) as a cofactor or structural determinant of proteins that perform critical functions in biology. At its most sobering stance to Earth's biome, Cu biochemistry allows photosynthetic organisms to harness solar energy and convert it into the organic energy that sustains the existence of all nonphotosynthetic life forms. The conversion of organic energy, in the form of nutrients that include carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids, is subsequently released during cellular respiration, itself a Cu-dependent process, and stored as ATP that is used to drive a myriad of critical biological processes such as enzyme-catalyzed biosynthetic processes, transport of cargo around cells and across membranes, and protein degradation. The life-supporting properties of Cu incur a significant challenge to cells that must not only exquisitely balance intracellular Cu concentrations, but also chaperone this redox-active metal from its point of cellular entry to its ultimate destination so as to avert the potential for inappropriate biochemical interactions or generation of damaging reactive oxidative species (ROS). In this review we chart the travels of Cu from the extracellular milieu of fungal and mammalian cells, its path within the cytosol as inferred by the proteins and ligands that escort and deliver Cu to intracellular organelles and protein targets, and its journey throughout the body of mammals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cell Biology of Metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Nevitt
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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