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Ariyeloye S, Kämmerer S, Klapproth E, Wielockx B, El-Armouche A. Intertwined regulators: hypoxia pathway proteins, microRNAs, and phosphodiesterases in the control of steroidogenesis. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02921-4. [PMID: 38355819 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen sensing is of paramount importance for maintaining cellular and systemic homeostasis. In response to diminished oxygen levels, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate various biological processes. These pivotal transcription factors have been identified as key regulators of several biological events. Notably, extensive research from our group and others has demonstrated that HIF1α exerts an inverse regulatory effect on steroidogenesis, leading to the suppression of crucial steroidogenic enzyme expression and a subsequent decrease in steroid levels. These steroid hormones occupy pivotal roles in governing a myriad of physiological processes. Substantial or prolonged fluctuations in steroid levels carry detrimental consequences across multiple organ systems and underlie various pathological conditions, including metabolic and immune disorders. MicroRNAs serve as potent mediators of multifaceted gene regulatory mechanisms, acting as influential epigenetic regulators that modulate a broad spectrum of gene expressions. Concomitantly, phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play a crucial role in governing signal transduction. PDEs meticulously manage intracellular levels of both cAMP and cGMP, along with their respective signaling pathways and downstream targets. Intriguingly, an intricate interplay seems to exist between hypoxia signaling, microRNAs, and PDEs in the regulation of steroidogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role of microRNAs during hypoxia-driven processes, including steroidogenesis, as well as the possibilities that exist in the application of HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors for the modulation of steroidogenesis.
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Grants
- CRC/Transregio 205/1, Project No. 314061271 - TRR205, "The Adrenal: Central Relay in Health and Disease" (A02) to B.W. and A.E.-A.; DFG grants WI3291/12-1 and 13-1 to B.W, EL 270/7-3 to A.E.-A., KA 4194/3-3 to S.K.. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- This work was also supported by a grant from the DFG priority program µBONE 2084 to B.W.; project no. 288034826 - international research training group (IRTG) 2251 to A.E.A. and S.K. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- This work was also supported by a grant from the DFG priority program µBONE 2084 to B.W.; project no. 288034826 - international research training group (IRTG) 2251 to A.E.A. and S.K. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- CRC/Transregio 205/1, Project No. 314061271 - TRR205, "The Adrenal: Central Relay in Health and Disease" (A02) to B.W. and A.E.-A.; DFG grants WI3291/12-1 and 13-1 to B.W, EL 270/7-3 to A.E.-A., KA 4194/3-3 to S.K.. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- CRC/Transregio 205/1, Project No. 314061271 - TRR205, "The Adrenal: Central Relay in Health and Disease" (A02) to B.W. and A.E.-A.; DFG grants WI3291/12-1 and 13-1 to B.W, EL 270/7-3 to A.E.-A., KA 4194/3-3 to S.K.. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ariyeloye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Klapproth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Bitetto G, Lopez G, Ronchi D, Pittaro A, Melzi V, Peverelli E, Cribiù FM, Comi GP, Mantovani G, Di Fonzo A. SCARB1 downregulation in adrenal insufficiency with Allgrove syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:152. [PMID: 37331934 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allgrove disease is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by adrenal insufficiency, alacrimia, achalasia and complex neurological involvement. Allgrove disease is due to recessive mutations in the AAAS gene, which encodes for the nucleoporin Aladin, implicated in the nucleocytoplasmic transport. The adrenal insufficiency has been suggested to rely on adrenal gland-ACTH resistance. However, the link between the molecular pathology affecting the nucleoporin Aladin and the glucocorticoid deficiency is still unknown. RESULTS By analyzing postmortem patient's adrenal gland, we identified a downregulation of Aladin transcript and protein. We found a downregulation of Scavenger receptor class B-1 (SCARB1), a key component of the steroidogenic pathway, and SCARB1 regulatory miRNAs (mir125a, mir455) in patient's tissues. With the hypothesis of an impairment in the nucleocytoplasmic transport of the SCARB1 transcription enhancer cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), we detected a reduction of nuclear Phospho-PKA and a cytoplasmic mislocalization in patient's samples. CONCLUSIONS These results shed a light on the possible mechanisms linking ACTH resistance, SCARB1 impairment, and defective nucleocytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Bitetto
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Ronchi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pittaro
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melzi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Peverelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Milena Cribiù
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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Genipin improves lipid metabolism and sperm parametersin obese mice via regulation of miR-132 expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1278-1288. [PMID: 36082932 PMCID: PMC9827900 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has now surpassed malnutrition and infectious diseases as the most significant contributor to health problems worldwide. In particular, obesity is associated with several metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and subfertility. Genipin (GNP), the aglycone of geniposide, is isolated from the extract of the traditional Chinese medicine Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and has been used in traditional oriental medicine against several inflammation-driven diseases. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of GNP on obesity-associated dyslipidemia and sperm dysfunction still need to be explored. In this study, we detect the effects of GNP on hyperlipidemia, hepatic lipid accumulation and sperm function using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. We find that obese mice treated with GNP show an improvement in body weight, serum triglyceride levels, serum hormone levels, serum inflammatory cytokines, hepatic steatosis and sperm function. At the molecular level, HFD/GNP diversely regulates the expression of miR-132 in a tissue-specific manner. miR-132 further targets and regulates the expression of SREBP-1c in liver cells, as well as the expressions of SREBP-1c and StAR in Leydig cells in the testis, thus modifying lipogenesis and steroidogenesis, respectively. Collectively, our data demonstrate that GNP shows a broad effect on the improvement of HFD-induced metabolic disorder and sperm dysfunction in male mice by tissue-specific regulation of miR-132. Our findings reveal the function GNP in ameliorating hepatic lipid metabolism and sperm function and suggest that this compound is a versatile drug to treat metabolic disorders.
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Strahlhofer-Augsten M, Schliefsteiner C, Cvitic S, George M, Lang-Olip I, Hirschmugl B, Marsche G, Lang U, Novakovic B, Saffery R, Desoye G, Wadsack C. The Distinct Role of the HDL Receptor SR-BI in Cholesterol Homeostasis of Human Placental Arterial and Venous Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105364. [PMID: 35628180 PMCID: PMC9141204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As opposed to adults, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the main cholesterol carrying lipoprotein in fetal circulation. The major HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), contributes to local cholesterol homeostasis. Arterial endothelial cells (ECA) from human placenta are enriched with cholesterol compared to venous endothelial cells (ECV). Moreover, umbilical venous and arterial plasma cholesterol levels differ markedly. We tested the hypothesis that the uptake of HDL-cholesteryl esters differs between ECA and ECV because of the differential expression of SR-BI. We aimed to identify the key regulators underlying these differences and the functional consequences. Immunohistochemistry was used for visualization of SR-BI in situ. ECA and ECV were isolated from the chorionic plate of human placenta and used for RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and HDL uptake assays with 3H- and 125I-labeled HDL. DNA was extracted for the methylation profiling of the SR-BI promoter. SR-BI regulation was studied by exposing ECA and ECV to differential oxygen concentrations or shear stress. Our results show elevated SR-BI expression and protein abundance in ECA compared to ECV in situ and in vitro. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that SR-BI is mainly expressed on the apical side of placental endothelial cells in situ, allowing interaction with mature HDL circulating in the fetal blood. This was functionally linked to a higher increase of selective cholesterol ester uptake from fetal HDL in ECA than in ECV, and resulted in increased cholesterol availability in ECA. SR-BI expression on ECV tended to decrease with shear stress, which, together with heterogeneous immunostaining, suggests that SR-BI expression is locally regulated in the placental vasculature. In addition, hypomethylation of several CpG sites within the SR-BI promoter region might contribute to differential expression of SR-BI between chorionic arteries and veins. Therefore, SR-BI contributes to a local cholesterol homeostasis in ECA and ECV of the human feto-placental vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Strahlhofer-Augsten
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
- BioBank Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Schliefsteiner
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Silvija Cvitic
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
- Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Meekha George
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Divison of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Birgit Hirschmugl
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Uwe Lang
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (B.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (B.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Hueso M, Griñán R, Mallen A, Navarro E, Purqueras E, Gomá M, Sbraga F, Blasco-Lucas A, Revilla G, Santos D, Canyelles M, Julve J, Escolà-Gil JC, Rotllan N. MiR-125b downregulates macrophage scavenger receptor type B1 and reverse cholesterol transport. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112596. [PMID: 35062066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether miR-125b regulates cholesterol efflux in vivo and in vitro through the regulation of scavenger receptor type B1 (SR-B1). APPROACH AND RESULTS We demonstrated that miR-125b is up-regulated in the human aortas of patients with CAD and is located in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We identified SCARB1 as a direct target of miR-125b by repressing the activity of the SCARB1 3'-untranslated region reporter construct. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-125b in both human and mouse macrophages as well as VSMCs was found to downregulated the expression of the SCARB1 and the SR-B1 protein levels, thereby impairing α-HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro. The in vivo reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) rate from non-cholesterol-loaded macrophages transfected with miR-125b to feces was also found to be decreased when compared with that of control mimic-transfected macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results provide evidence that miR-125b downregulates SCARB1 and SR-B1 in both human and mouse macrophages as well as VSMCs, thereby impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro and the whole macrophage-specific RCT pathway in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hueso
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Griñán
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelonna, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Mallen
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estanislao Navarro
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Purqueras
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Gomá
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Sbraga
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Blasco-Lucas
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanna Revilla
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Santos
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
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HDL and microRNAs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:153-161. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rozhkova AV, Dmitrieva VG, Nosova EV, Dergunov AD, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Genomic Variants and Multilevel Regulation of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SCARB1 Expression in Atherogenesis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8120170. [PMID: 34940525 PMCID: PMC8707585 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheroprotective properties of human plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are determined by their involvement in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from the macrophage to the liver. ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI cholesterol transporters are involved in cholesterol efflux from macrophages to lipid-free ApoA-I and HDL as a first RCT step. Molecular determinants of RCT efficiency that may possess diagnostic and therapeutic meaning remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the progress in studying the genomic variants of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SCARB1, and the regulation of their function at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in atherosclerosis. Defects in the structure and function of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI are caused by changes in the gene sequence, such as single nucleotide polymorphism or various mutations. In the transcription initiation of transporter genes, in addition to transcription factors, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), transcription activators, and repressors are also involved. Furthermore, transcription is substantially influenced by the methylation of gene promoter regions. Post-transcriptional regulation involves microRNAs and lncRNAs, including circular RNAs. The potential biomarkers and targets for atheroprotection, based on molecular mechanisms of expression regulation for three transporter genes, are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V. Rozhkova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Veronika G. Dmitrieva
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Elena V. Nosova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Alexander D. Dergunov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Liudmila V. Dergunova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
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Qi X, Lin H, Hou Y, Su X, Gao Y. Comprehensive Analysis of Potential miRNA-Target mRNA-Immunocyte Subtype Network in Cerebral Infarction. Eur Neurol 2021; 85:148-161. [PMID: 34544080 DOI: 10.1159/000518893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral infarction (CI) is one of the leading causes of serious long-term disability and mortality. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify potential miRNAs and target mRNAs and assess the involvement of immunocyte infiltration in the process of CI. METHODS First, miRNA and mRNA data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, followed by differential expression analysis. Second, correlation analysis between differentially expressed mRNAs and differential immunocyte subtypes was performed through the CIBERSORT algorithm. Third, the regulatory network between miRNAs and immunocyte subtype-related mRNAs was constructed followed by the functional analysis of these target mRNAs. Fourth, correlation validation between differentially expressed mRNAs and differential immunocyte subtypes was performed in the GSE37587 dataset. Finally, the diagnostic ability of immunocyte subtype-related mRNAs was tested. RESULTS Up to 17 differentially expressed miRNAs and 3,267 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified, among which 310 differentially expressed mRNAs were significantly associated with immunocyte subtypes. Several miRNA-target mRNA-immunocyte subtype networks including hsa-miR-671-3p-ZC3HC1-neutrophils, hsa-miR-625-CD5-monocytes, hsa-miR-122-ACOX1/DUSP1/NEDD9-neutrophils, hsa-miR-455-5p-SLC24A4-monocytes, and hsa-miR-455-5p-SORL1-neutrophils were identified. LAT, ACOX1, DUSP1, NEDD9, ZC3HC1, BIN1, AKT1, DNMT1, SLC24A4, and SORL1 had a potential diagnostic value for CI. CONCLUSIONS The network including miRNA, target mRNA, and immunocyte subtype may be novel regulators and diagnostic and therapeutic targets in CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiqian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongge Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanfang Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Red Cross Boai Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Bhattarai A, Likos EM, Weyman CM, Shukla GC. Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolism: A microRNA management perspective. Steroids 2021; 173:108878. [PMID: 34174291 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular disruption of lipid and cholesterol metabolism results in pathological processes linked to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Classically, at the transcription stages, the Cholesterol levels are controlled by two cellular pathways. First, the SREBP transcription factor family controls Cholesterol biosynthesis via transcriptional regulation of critical rate-limiting cholesterogenic and lipogenic proteins. Secondly, The LXR/RXR transcription factor family controls cholesterol shuttling via transcriptional regulation of cholesterol transport proteins. In addition, the posttranscriptional control of gene expression of various enzymes and proteins of cholesterol biosynthesis pathways is mediated by small non-coding microRNAs. Regulatory noncoding miRNAs are critical regulators of biological processes, including developmental and metabolic functions. miRNAs function to fine-tune lipid and cholesterol metabolism pathways by controlling the mRNA levels and translation of critical molecules in each pathway. This review discusses the regulatory roles of miRNAs in cholesterol and lipid metabolism via direct and indirect effects on their target genes, including SREBP, LXR, HDL, LDL, and ABCA transporters. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of miRNA functions and their purported role in the potentiation of small molecule therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Bhattarai
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Eviania M Likos
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Crystal M Weyman
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
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Tan M, Ye J, Zhao M, Ke X, Huang K, Liu H. Recent developments in the regulation of cholesterol transport by natural molecules. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5623-5633. [PMID: 34327759 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism is a high-risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis (AS). Cholesterol transport maintains whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Low-density apolipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mediates cholesterol uptake in cells and plays an important role in the primary route of circulatory cholesterol clearance in liver cells. Caveolins 1 is an integral membrane protein and shuttle between the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Caveolins 1 not only plays a role in promoting cholesterol absorption in cells but also in the transport of cellular cholesterol efflux by interacting with the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). These proteins, which are associated with reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), are potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD and AS. Many studies have indicated that natural products have lipid-lowering effects. Moreover, natural molecules, derived from natural products, have the potential to be developed into novel drugs. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cholesterol transport by natural molecules have not yet been adequately investigated. In this review, we briefly describe the process of cholesterol transport and summarize the mechanisms by which molecules regulate cholesterol transport. This article provides an overview of recent studies and focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural molecules; however, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacies of natural molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiao Tan
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintong Ye
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Guangzhou Liwan District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keer Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huabao Liu
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
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11
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Lavker RM, Kaplan N, McMahon KM, Calvert AE, Henrich SE, Onay UV, Lu KQ, Peng H, Thaxton CS. Synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles: Good things in small packages. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:19-26. [PMID: 33894397 PMCID: PMC8328934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Medicine has been a great beneficiary of the nanotechnology revolution. Nanotechnology involves the synthesis of functional materials with at least one size dimension between 1 and 100 nm. Advances in the field have enabled the synthesis of bio-nanoparticles that can interface with physiological systems to modulate fundamental cellular processes. One example of a diverse acting nanoparticle-based therapeutic is synthetic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles (NP), which have great potential for treating diseases of the ocular surface. Our group has developed a spherical HDL NP using a gold nanoparticle core. HDL NPs: (i) closely mimic the physical and chemical features of natural HDLs; (ii) contain apoA-I; (iii) bind with high-affinity to SR-B1, which is the major receptor through which HDL modulates cell cholesterol metabolism and controls the selective uptake of HDL cargo into cells; (iv) are non-toxic to cells and tissues; and (v) can be chemically engineered to display nearly any surface or core composition desired. With respect to the ocular surface, topical application of HDL NPs accelerates re-epithelization of the cornea following wounding, attenuates inflammation resulting from chemical burns and/or other stresses, and effectively delivers microRNAs with biological activity to corneal cells and tissues. HDL NPs will be the foundation of a new class of topical eye drops with great translational potential and exemplify the impact that nanoparticles can have in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kaylin M McMahon
- Department of Dermatology Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea E Calvert
- Department of Dermatology Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen E Henrich
- Department of Dermatology Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ummiye V Onay
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kurt Q Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Dermatology Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are pivotal regulators of mRNA and protein expression that critically contribute to cardiovascular pathophysiology. Although little is known about the origin and function of such ncRNAs, they have been suggested as promising biomarkers with powerful therapeutic value in cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we summarize the most recent findings on ncRNAs biology and their implication on cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism that highlight novel therapeutic avenues for treating dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical and experimental studies have elucidated the underlying effects that specific miRNAs impose both directly and indirectly regulating circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism and cardiovascular risk. Some of these relevant miRNAs include miR-148a, miR-128-1, miR-483, miR-520d, miR-224, miR-30c, miR-122, miR-33, miR-144, and miR-34. circRNAs are known to participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes due to their abundance in tissues and their stage-specific expression activation. Recent studies have proven that circRNAs may be considered targets of CVD as well. Some of these cirRNAs are circ-0092317, circ_0003546, circ_0028198, and cirFASN that have been suggested to be strongly involved in lipoprotein metabolism; however, their relevance in CVD is still unknown. MicroRNA and cirRNAs have been proposed as powerful therapeutic targets for treating cardiometabolic disorders including atherosclerosis. Here, we discuss the recent findings in the field of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism underscoring the novel mechanisms by which some of these ncRNAs influence lipoprotein metabolism and CVD.
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13
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Su X, Nie M, Zhang G, Wang B. MicroRNA in cardio-metabolic disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:134-141. [PMID: 33823149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is correlated with several health problems that contain the combination of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, which are grouped as metabolic syndrome. Though the lipid-lowering agents, such as statins, which aims to reduce serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been considered as one of the most effective therapeutics in treating hyperlipidemia and coronary artery diseases, the persistent high risk of atherosclerosis after intensive lipid-lowering therapy could not be simply explained by hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel factors to manage treatment and to predict risk of cardio-metabolic events. Endeavor over the past several decades has demonstrated the important functions of microRNAs in modulating macrophage activation, lipid metabolism, and hyperlipidemia. In the present review, we summarized the recent findings which highlighted the contributions of microRNAs in regulating serum lipid metabolism. Furthermore, we also provided the potential mechanisms whereby microRNAs controlled lipid metabolism and the risk of cardio-metabolic disorders, which could help us to identify microRNAs as a promising therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia and its related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Meiling Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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14
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Proto MC, Fiore D, Piscopo C, Pagano C, Galgani M, Bruzzaniti S, Laezza C, Gazzerro P, Bifulco M. Lipid homeostasis and mevalonate pathway in COVID-19: Basic concepts and potential therapeutic targets. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101099. [PMID: 33915202 PMCID: PMC8074527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite encouraging progresses achieved in the management of viral diseases, efficient strategies to counteract infections are still required. The current global challenge highlighted the need to develop a rapid and cost-effective strategy to counteract the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in viral infections. Viruses can use the host lipid machinery to support their life cycle and to impair the host immune response. The altered expression of mevalonate pathway-related genes, induced by several viruses, assures survival and spread in host tissue. In some infections, statins, HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors, reduce cholesterol in the plasma membrane of permissive cells resulting in lower viral titers and failure to internalize the virus. Statins can also counteract viral infections through their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. Beyond statins, interfering with the mevalonate pathway could have an adjuvant effect in therapies aimed at mitigating endothelial dysfunction and deregulated inflammation in viral infection. In this review we depicted the historical and current evidence highlighting how lipid homeostasis and mevalonate pathway targeting represents a valid approach to rapidly neutralize viruses, focusing our attention to their potential use as effective targets to hinder SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality. Pros and cons of statins and Mevalonate-pathway inhibitors have been also dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Proto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Donatella Fiore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Chiara Piscopo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Cristina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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15
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Østbye TK, Woldemariam NT, Lundberg CE, Berge GM, Ruyter B, Andreassen R. Modulation of hepatic miRNA expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by family background and dietary fatty acid composition. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1172-1185. [PMID: 33332611 PMCID: PMC8048513 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study finds significant differences in hepatic fatty acid composition between four groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) consisting of offspring from families selected for high and low capacities to express the delta 6 desaturase isomer b and fed diets with 10% or 75% fish oil. The results demonstrated that hepatic lipid metabolism was affected by experimental conditions (diet/family). The fatty acid composition in the four groups mirrored the differences in dietary composition, but it was also associated with the family groups. Small RNA sequencing followed by RT-qPCR identified 12 differentially expressed microRNAs (DE miRNAs), with expression associated with family groups (miR-146 family members, miR-200b, miR-214, miR-221, miR-125, miR-135, miR-137, miR_nov_1), diets (miR-203, miR-462) or both conditions. All the conserved DE miRNAs have been reported as associated with lipid metabolism in other vertebrates. In silico predictions revealed 37 lipid metabolism pathway genes, including desaturases, transcription factors and key enzymes in the synthesis pathways as putative targets (e.g., srebp-1 and 2, Δ6fad_b and c, hmdh, elovl4 and 5b, cdc42). RT-qPCR analysis of selected target genes showed expression changes that were associated with diet and with family groups (d5fad, d6fad_a, srebp-1). There was a reciprocal difference in the abundance of ssa-miR-203a-3p and srebp-1 in one group comparison, whereas other predicted targets did not reveal any evidence of being negatively regulated by degradation. More experimental studies are needed to validate and fully understand the predicted interactions and how the DE miRNAs may participate in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone‐Kari K. Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Nardos T. Woldemariam
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Camilla E. Lundberg
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Gerd M. Berge
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
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16
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Citrin KM, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y. MicroRNA regulation of cholesterol metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1495:55-77. [PMID: 33521946 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Since many microRNAs have multiple mRNA targets, they are uniquely positioned to regulate the expression of several molecules and pathways simultaneously. For example, the multiple stages of cholesterol metabolism are heavily influenced by microRNA activity. Understanding the scope of microRNAs that control this pathway is highly relevant to diseases of perturbed cholesterol metabolism, most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD). Atherosclerosis is a common cause of CVD that involves inflammation and the accumulation of cholesterol-laden cells in the arterial wall. However, several different cell types participate in atherosclerosis, and perturbations in cholesterol homeostasis may have unique effects on the specialized functions of these various cell types. Therefore, our review discusses the current knowledge of microRNA-mediated control of cholesterol homeostasis, followed by speculation as to how these microRNA-mRNA target interactions might have distinctive effects on different cell types that participate in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Citrin
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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17
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Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Liu R, Liu L, Shen WJ, Azhar S, Qu YF, Guo Z, Hu Z. The adaptor protein GIPC1 stabilizes the scavenger receptor SR-B1 and increases its cholesterol uptake. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100616. [PMID: 33811857 PMCID: PMC8093464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, is a membrane glycoprotein that mediates selective uptake of HDL-cholesterol and cholesterol ester (CE) into cells. SR-B1 is subject to posttranslational regulation; however, the underlying mechanisms still remain obscure. Here, we identified a novel SR-B1-interacting protein, GIPC1 (GAIP-interacting protein, C terminus 1) that interacts with SR-B1 and stabilizes SR-B1 by negative regulation of its proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways. The physiological interaction between SR-B1 and GIPC1 was supported by co-immunoprecipitation of wild-type and mutant GIPC1 constructs in SR-B1 ± GIPC1 overexpressing cells, in native liver cells, and in mouse liver tissues. Overexpression of GIPC1 increased endogenous SR-B1 protein levels, subsequently increasing selective HDL-cholesterol/CE uptake and cellular triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, whereas silencing of GIPC1 in the mouse liver was associated with blunted hepatic SR-B1 levels, elevated plasma TG and TC, and attenuated hepatic TG and TC content. A positive correlation was identified between GIPC1 and SR-B1 expression, and both expressions of GIPC1 and SR-B1 from human liver samples were inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) from human subjects. We therefore conclude that GIPC1 plays a key role in the stability and function of SR-B1 and can also effectively regulate hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolism. These findings expand our knowledge of the regulatory roles of GIPC1 and suggest that GIPC1 exerts a major effect on cell surface receptors such as SR-B1 and its associated hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yan-Fu Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Xu Y, Wang L, Cao S, Hu R, Liu R, Hua K, Guo Z, Di HJ, Hu Z. Genipin improves reproductive health problems caused by circadian disruption in male mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:122. [PMID: 33308222 PMCID: PMC7731552 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm disruption impacts a wide range of physiological processes, including fertility. However, the effect of circadian disruption on male spermatogenesis and fertility, and treatments for these effects have been largely unexplored at the molecular level. METHODS In this study, we examined the effects of genipin on improving the reproductive health problems caused by circadian disruption. Three groups of animals were fed under different conditions: control group (normal T cycle with saline), group of shortened T cycles (Light/Dark = 4 hours/4 hours) with saline, and a group of shortened T cycles with genipin by oral gavage. The male fertility was evaluated by fertility study and pups parameters analysis after successful sexual behavior and mating with female mice. We sacrificed the treated animals after 5 or 10 weeks and collected the testis, sperm and serum for histological analysis, sperm motility assay, and serum hormone detection, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of genipin was assessed by detection of progesterone secretion and steroidogenic key proteins expression, including StAR and CYP11A1, in mouse Leydig tumor MLTC-1 cells. RESULTS Male mice exposed to shortened light-dark cycles, much shorter than 24 hours, had reduced fertility with decreased sperm concentrations and sperm motility. Male mice under circadian disruption have reduced testis size and abnormal morphology, leading to lower fertility rates, reduced litter size and pup body weight. Treatment with exogenous genipin, a natural plant-derived compound, alleviated circadian disruption-induced damage to fertility and spermatogenesis and normalized testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and androstenedione (ASD) levels in the male mice. The levels of key proteins involved in steroidogenesis, StAR and CYP11A1, were reduced in mouse testes after the circadian disruption, but genipin treatment restored the reduction. The mRNA expression of SRD5A1, which encodes an androgen synthesis enzyme, was also upregulated by genipin treatment. Furthermore, genipin treatment showed a positive effect on steroidogenesis in MLTC-1 cells, resulting in an increase in hormone secretion and the upregulation of StAR and CYP11A1. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an association between circadian disruption and reproductive health problems in male mice and indicated that treatments with genipin have positive effects on the reproductive health of male mice with circadian rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihua Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Jie Di
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 210017, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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19
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Zhang R, Wesevich V, Chen Z, Zhang D, Kallen AN. Emerging roles for noncoding RNAs in female sex steroids and reproductive disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110875. [PMID: 32668269 PMCID: PMC7609472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The "central dogma" of molecular biology, that is, that DNA blueprints encode messenger RNAs which are destined for translation into protein, has been challenged in recent decades. In actuality, a significant portion of the genome encodes transcripts that are transcribed into functional RNA. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are not transcribed into protein, play critical roles in a wide variety of biological processes. A growing body of evidence derived from mouse models and human data demonstrates that ncRNAs are dysregulated in various reproductive pathologies, and that their expression is essential for female gametogenesis and fertility. Yet in many instances it is unclear how dysregulation of ncRNA expression leads to a disease process. In this review, we highlight new observations regarding the roles of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of disordered female steroid hormone production and disease, with an emphasis on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). We will focus our discussion in the context of three ovarian disorders which are characterized in part by altered steroid hormone biology - diminished ovarian reserve, premature ovarian insufficiency, and polycystic ovary syndrome. We will also discuss the limitations and challenges faced in studying noncoding RNAs and sex steroid hormone production. An enhanced understanding of the role of ncRNAs in sex hormone regulatory networks is essential in order to advance the development of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for diseases, including those in reproductive health. Our deepened understanding of ncRNAs has the potential to uncover new applications and therapies; however, in many cases, the next steps will involve distinguishing critical ncRNAs from those which are merely changing in response to a particular disease state, or which are altogether unrelated to disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1st Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Victoria Wesevich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhaojuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology. Beijing Haidian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1st Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Amanda N Kallen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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20
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Wang J, Calvert AE, Kaplan N, McMahon KM, Yang W, Lu KQ, Peng H, Thaxton CS, Lavker RM. HDL nanoparticles have wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties and can topically deliver miRNAs. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3. [PMID: 33709017 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs regulate numerous biological processes, making them potential therapeutic agents. Problems with delivery and stability of these molecules have limited their usefulness as treatments. We demonstrate that synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles (HDL NPs) topically applied to the intact ocular surface are taken up by epithelial and stromal cells. microRNAs complexed to HDL NPs (miR-HDL NPs) are similarly taken up by cells and tissues and retain biological activity. Topical treatment of diabetic mice with either HDL NPs or miR-HDL NPs significantly improved corneal re-epithelialization following wounding compared with controls. Mouse corneas with alkali burn-induced inflammation, topically treated with HDL NPs, displayed clinical, morphological and immunological improvement. These results should yield a novel HDL NP-based eye drop for patients with compromised wound healing ability (diabetics) and/or corneal inflammatory diseases (e.g. dry eye).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea E Calvert
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kaylin M McMahon
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Wending Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kurt Q Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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21
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Włodarski A, Strycharz J, Wróblewski A, Kasznicki J, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186902. [PMID: 32962281 PMCID: PMC7555602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is the cause and the consequence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the incidence and economic burden of which is increasing each year. OxS triggers the dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with metabolism and epigenetics, including microRNAs, which are biomarkers of metabolic disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between microRNAs and OxS in MetS and its components. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the most relevant studies. Collected data suggested that different sources of OxS (e.g., hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, obesity, proinflammatory cytokines) change the expression of numerous microRNAs in organs involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and endothelium. Dysregulated microRNAs either directly or indirectly affect the expression and/or activity of molecules of antioxidative signaling pathways (SIRT1, FOXOs, Keap1/Nrf2) along with effector enzymes (e.g., GPx-1, SOD1/2, HO-1), ROS producers (e.g., NOX4/5), as well as genes of numerous signaling pathways connected with inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, thus promoting the progression of metabolic imbalance. MicroRNAs appear to be important epigenetic modifiers in managing the delicate redox balance, mediating either pro- or antioxidant biological impacts. Summarizing, microRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets in ameliorating the repercussions of OxS in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Włodarski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
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22
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Liu R, Wang M, Li E, Yang Y, Li J, Chen S, Shen WJ, Azhar S, Guo Z, Hu Z. Dysregulation of microRNA-125a contributes to obesity-associated insulin resistance and dysregulates lipid metabolism in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158640. [PMID: 31988048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A diverse group of factors including miRNA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of these two metabolic conditions, although underlying molecular mechanisms involved are not well defined. Here, we provide evidence that hepatic miR-125a levels are diminished in both genetic as well as dietary mouse models of obesity. Overexpression of miR-125a enhanced insulin signaling and attenuated cellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and Hepa1-6 cells. Likewise, treatment of mice with ago-miR-125a increased insulin sensitivity, similar to overexpression of miR-125a, whereas treatment of mice with antago-miR-125a blunted the insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-125a in mice previously fed a high-fat diet (HFD), significantly improved insulin sensitivity, and attenuated obesity-linked hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte lipid accumulation. In addition, we show that ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6) is a direct target of miR-125a, and participates in miR-125a mediated regulation of insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. These data led us to conclude that dysregulated miR-125a expression augments the development of obesity-induced IR and that miR-125a might serve as a therapeutic target for the development of new drug(s) in the clinical management of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meina Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Enjie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wang D, Huang J, Gui T, Yang Y, Feng T, Tzvetkov NT, Xu T, Gai Z, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Atanasov AG. SR-BI as a target of natural products and its significance in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:18-38. [PMID: 31935456 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein. SR-BI is emerging as a multifunctional protein, which regulates autophagy, efferocytosis, cell survival and inflammation. It is well known that SR-BI plays a critical role in lipoprotein metabolism by mediating cholesteryl esters selective uptake and the bi-directional flux of free cholesterol. Recently, SR-BI has also been identified as a potential marker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, or even a treatment target. Natural products are a promising source for the discovery of new drug leads. Multiple natural products were identified to regulate SR-BI protein expression. There are still a number of challenges in modulating SR-BI expression in cancer and in using natural products for modulation of such protein expression. In this review, our purpose is to discuss the relationship between SR-BI protein and cancer, and the molecular mechanisms regulating SR-BI expression, as well as to provide an overview of natural products that regulate SR-BI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 318 Preston Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tao Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Azhar S, Dong D, Shen WJ, Hu Z, Kraemer FB. The role of miRNAs in regulating adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis. J Mol Endocrinol 2020; 64:R21-R43. [PMID: 31671401 PMCID: PMC7202133 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are endogenous noncoding single-stranded small RNAs of ~22 nucleotides in length that post-transcriptionally repress the expression of their various target genes. They contribute to the regulation of a variety of physiologic processes including embryonic development, differentiation and proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, hemostasis and inflammation. In addition, aberrant miRNA expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including cancer, hepatitis, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases. Steroid hormones regulate virtually every aspect of metabolism, and acute and chronic steroid hormone biosynthesis is primarily regulated by tissue-specific trophic hormones involving transcriptional and translational events. In addition, it is becoming increasingly clear that steroidogenic pathways are also subject to post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations including processes such as phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, protein‒protein interactions and regulation by specific miRNAs, although the latter is in its infancy state. Here, we summarize the recent advances in miRNA-mediated regulation of steroidogenesis with emphasis on adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dachuan Dong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, USA
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25
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Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, Xu S, Atanasov AG. Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:596-670. [PMID: 31554644 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic lesions can be a promising approach to treat and prevent atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is determined by the balanced effects of three major interrelated biologic processes, including lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux. Natural products are a promising source for new lead structures. Multiple natural products and pharmaceutical agents can inhibit foam cell formation and thus exhibit antiatherosclerotic capacity by suppressing lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and/or promoting cholesterol ester hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux. This review summarizes recent findings on these three biologic processes and natural products with demonstrated potential to target such processes. Discussed also are potential future directions for studying the mechanisms of foam cell formation and the development of foam cell-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yingnan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Xingde Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Suowen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
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26
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Functions and mechanism of noncoding RNA in the somatic cells of the testis. ZYGOTE 2019; 28:87-92. [PMID: 31787116 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ncRNAs are involved in numerous biological processes by regulating gene expression and cell stability. Studies have shown that ncRNAs also contribute to spermatogenesis. Leydig cells (LCs) and Sertoli cells (SCs) are somatic cells of the testis that support spermatogenesis and are vital to male fertility. In this review, we summarized the findings from studies on ncRNAs in SCs and LCs. In SCs, ncRNAs play key roles in phagocytosis, immunoprotection and development of SCs. In LCs, ncRNAs are involved in steroidogenesis, in particular production of testosterone as well as development of LCs. Here, we discuss the possible target genes and functions of ncRNAs in both types of cells. These ncRNAs regulate the expression of target genes or mRNA coding sequence regions, resulting in a chain reaction that influences cell function. In addition, microRNAs, lncRNAs, piRNA-like RNAs (pilRNAs) and natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are discussed in this review. In summary, we suggest that these ncRNAs might act in coordination to control spermatogenesis and maintain the environmental homeostasis of the testis.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with HIV suffer a higher burden of cardiovascular diseases. Traditional cardiovascular risk scores consistently underestimate cardiovascular risk in this population. Subsets of microRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed among individuals with cardiovascular disease and individuals infected with HIV. However, no study has clarified whether specific miRNAs may be biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in individuals with HIV. DESIGN/METHODS We compared the miRNA expression profiles of 34 HIV-positive individuals who had experienced clinically adjudicated type I myocardial infarctions (MI) with the profiles of 76 HIV-positive controls matched by traditional cardiovascular risk factors and HIV-specific measures. Using the elastic net algorithm, we selected miRNAs most strongly associated with incident MI and then used conditional Cox proportional hazards regression and cross-validation to evaluate miRNAs and their association with incident MI. We evaluated whether miRNA markers would improve risk classification relative to the Framingham Risk Score. RESULTS Higher miR-125a-5p and miR-139-5p expression levels were each associated with increased risk of developing MI after adjustment for Framingham Risk Score and HIV-related factors (hazard ratio 2.43, P = 0.018; hazard ratio 2.13, P = 0.048, respectively). Compared with the Framingham Risk Score alone, adding expression levels of miR-125a-5p or miR-139-5p resulted in an integrated discrimination improvement of 10.1 or 5.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION MiR-125a-5p and miR-139-5p, transcripts known to be differentially expressed in HIV-positive individuals, may serve as unique biomarkers predictive of cardiovascular disease in these patients and may help clarify processes because of HIV infection that contribute to cardiovascular disorders in this population.
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28
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Wang W, Yan Z, Hu J, Shen WJ, Azhar S, Kraemer FB. Scavenger receptor class B, type 1 facilitates cellular fatty acid uptake. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158554. [PMID: 31678516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SR-B1 belongs to the class B scavenger receptor, or CD36 super family. SR-B1 and CD36 share an affinity for a wide array of ligands. Although they exhibit similar ligand binding specificity, SR-B1 and CD36 have some very specific lipid transport functions. Whereas SR-B1 primarily facilitates the selective delivery of cholesteryl esters (CEs) and cholesterol from HDL particles to the liver and non-placental steroidogenic tissues, as well as participating in cholesterol efflux from cells, CD36 primarily mediates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids in high fatty acid-requiring organs such as the heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, CD36 also mediates cholesterol efflux and facilitates selective lipoprotein-CE delivery, although less efficiently than SR-B1. Interestingly, the ability or efficiency of SR-B1 to mediate fatty acid uptake has not been reported. In this paper, using overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of SR-B1, we show that SR-B1 possesses the ability to facilitate fatty acid uptake. Moreover, this function is not blocked by BLT-1, a specific chemical inhibitor of HDL-CE uptake activity of SR-B1, nor by sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate, which inhibits fatty acid uptake by CD36. Attenuated fatty acid uptake was also observed in primary adipocytes isolated from SR-B1 knockout mice. In conclusion, facilitation of fatty acid uptake is an additional function that is mediated by SR-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America; Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America.
| | - Salman Azhar
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America.
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Chen H, Guo X, Xiao X, Ye L, Huang Y, Lu C, Su Z. Identification and functional characterization of microRNAs in rat Leydig cells during development from the progenitor to the adult stage. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 493:110453. [PMID: 31129276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of Leydig cells (LCs) of rat. Three small RNA libraries derived from progenitor LCs (PLCs), immature LCs (ILCs) and adult LCs (ALCs) were analyzed by microarrays. In total, 68 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Based on the trend of DEM expression from PLCs to ALCs, primary LCs were transfected with miRNA mimics or inhibitors. Five miRNAs (miR-30a-5p, miR-3585-5p, miR-212-3p, miR-369-5p and miR-434-3p) promoted PLC proliferation, and 3 miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-532-3p and miR-329-3p) activated caspase-3, which triggered LC apoptosis. For steroidogenesis, 18 miRNAs could elevate or inhibit androsterone release at the PLC stage. Eleven and 9 miRNAs inhibited the production of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol in ILCs and testosterone in ALCs, respectively. miR-17-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-299a-5p decreased androgen production by LCs at all developmental stages. Furthermore, the miR-299a-5p-mediated decrease in androgen production by the LC lineage was primarily achieved by downregulating the expression of luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD3B1). These findings provide insights into the regulatory roles of miRNAs during the postnatal development of LCs and suggest potential strategies for the treatment of steroid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Biopharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbin Lu
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhijian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Biopharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Sharma B, Agnihotri N. Role of cholesterol homeostasis and its efflux pathways in cancer progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105377. [PMID: 31063804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells show high avidity for cholesterol in order to support their inherent nature to divide and proliferate. This results in the rewiring of cholesterol homeostatic pathways by influencing not only de novo synthesis but also uptake or efflux pathways of cholesterol. Recent findings have pointed towards the importance of cholesterol efflux in tumor pathogenesis. Cholesterol efflux is the first and foremost step in reverse cholesterol transport and any perturbation in this pathway may lead to the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol, thereby altering the cellular equilibrium. This review addresses the different mechanisms of cholesterol efflux from the cell and highlights their role and regulation in context to tumor development. There are four different routes by which cholesterol can be effluxed from the cell namely, 1) passive diffusion of cholesterol to mature HDL particles, 2) SR-B1 mediated facilitated diffusion, 3) Active efflux to apo A1 via ABCA1 and 4) ABCG1 mediated efflux to mature HDL. These molecular players facilitating cholesterol efflux are engaged in a complex interplay with different signaling pathways. Thus, an understanding of the efflux pathways, their regulation and cross-talk with signaling molecules may provide novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets to combat the onset of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Beneficial treatment effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on testicular injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:357-371. [PMID: 30952494 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Do low doses of dietary nitrate help to attenuate the progression of diabetic reproductive disorders in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats? DESIGN Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: controls receiving distilled water; controls receiving 100 mg/l nitrate in distilled water; diabetic rats receiving distilled water; diabetic rats receiving insulin 2-4 U/day of neutral protamine hagedorn insulin; and diabetic rats receiving 100 mg/l nitrate in distilled water. Diabetes was induced by 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. Nitrate and insulin treatment were started 4 weeks after diabetes induction for 8 weeks. Serum insulin, nitrogen oxide, stereology of testis, apoptosis, sperm parameters, and mRNA expression of Pdcd4, Pacs2, p53 and miR-449a were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS Blood glucose, apoptotic index of seminiferous tubules and expression of p53, Pdcd4, and Pacs2 mRNA were significantly higher in the diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Decreased body weight, serum insulin and nitrogen oxide level, and miR-449a were observed in the diabetic group (P < 0.01 for insulin; P < 0.001 for others). Most sperm parameters and stereological results differed between diabetic and control rats; nitrate recovered almost all these alterations, including dead spermatozoa, sperm motility grade, sperm deformity index, spermatozoa with damaged DNA, malformations in abnormal spermatozoa, total volume of seminiferous tubule, germinal epithelium, capsule, lumen, interstitial tissue, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, the number of spermatogenic, Sertoli and Leydig cells. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with sodium nitrate could modulate apoptosis, which is a major cause of diabetic testicular disorder. These experiments suggest that nitric oxide plays an important role in the function of the reproductive system.
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Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Cholesterol transport system: An integrated cholesterol transport model involved in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:65-91. [PMID: 30528667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease (CVD), is closely associated with cholesterol accumulation in the arterial intima. Excessive cholesterol is removed by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, representing a major antiatherogenic mechanism. In addition to the RCT, other pathways are required for maintaining the whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, we propose a working model of integrated cholesterol transport, termed the cholesterol transport system (CTS), to describe body cholesterol metabolism. The novel model not only involves the classical view of RCT but also contains other steps, such as cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, low-density lipoprotein uptake by the liver, and transintestinal cholesterol excretion. Extensive studies have shown that dysfunctional CTS is one of the major causes for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, several drugs are available to improve the CTS efficiently. There are also several therapeutic approaches that have entered into clinical trials and shown considerable promise for decreasing the risk of CVD. In recent years, a variety of novel findings reveal the molecular mechanisms for the CTS and its role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby providing novel insights into the understanding of whole-body cholesterol transport and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the CTS in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Jun S, Datta S, Wang L, Pegany R, Cano M, Handa JT. The impact of lipids, lipid oxidation, and inflammation on AMD, and the potential role of miRNAs on lipid metabolism in the RPE. Exp Eye Res 2018; 181:346-355. [PMID: 30292489 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipids within drusen, the epidemiologic link of a high fat diet, and the identification of polymorphisms in genes involved in lipid metabolism that are associated with disease risk, have prompted interest in the role of lipid abnormalities in AMD. Despite intensive investigation, our understanding of how lipid abnormalities contribute to AMD development remains unclear. Lipid metabolism is tightly regulated, and its dysregulation can trigger excess lipid accumulation within the RPE and Bruch's membrane. The high oxidative stress environment of the macula can promote lipid oxidation, impairing their original function as well as producing oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE), which unless neutralized, can induce unwanted inflammation that additionally contributes to AMD progression. Considering the multiple layers of lipid metabolism and inflammation, and the ability to simultaneously target multiple pathways, microRNA (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of many age-related diseases including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. These diseases have similar etiologic characteristics such as lipid-rich deposits, oxidative stress, and inflammation with AMD, which suggests that miRNAs might influence lipid metabolism in AMD. In this review, we discuss the contribution of lipids to AMD pathobiology and introduce how miRNAs might affect lipid metabolism during lesion development. Establishing how miRNAs contribute to lipid accumulation in AMD will help to define the role of lipids in AMD, and open new treatment avenues for this enigmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Sayantan Datta
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Roma Pegany
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Marisol Cano
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - James T Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States.
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34
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MacKenzie SM, van Kralingen JC, Davies E. Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 109:241-263. [PMID: 30678858 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of the major mineralocorticoid aldosterone from the adrenal cortex is a tightly-regulated process enabling this hormone to regulate sodium homeostasis and thereby contribute to blood pressure control. The circulating level of aldosterone is the result of various regulatory mechanisms, the most significant being those controlled by the renin-angiotensin system and plasma potassium levels. The importance of maintaining tight control over aldosterone secretion is demonstrated by cases of dysregulation, which can result in severe hypertension and significantly increased cardiovascular risk. In this article we summarize current knowledge of the major regulatory mechanisms, focusing particularly on the systems operating within the adrenocortical zona glomerulosa cells; we also describe some of the other factors that influence aldosterone production to a lesser but still significant extent. Finally, we discuss the influence of common genetic polymorphisms on aldosterone secretion in large sections of the population and also the emerging role of microRNA as significant regulators of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M MacKenzie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Josie C van Kralingen
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Davies
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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35
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Obesity-induced overexpression of miRNA-24 regulates cholesterol uptake and lipid metabolism by targeting SR-B1. Gene 2018; 668:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Zhang X, Price NL, Fernández-Hernando C. Non-coding RNAs in lipid metabolism. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:93-102. [PMID: 29929012 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death and morbidity in the Western world, begins with lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which is the initial step in atherogenesis. Alterations in lipid metabolism result in increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders, and treatment of lipid disorders remains the most common strategy aimed at reducing the incidence of CVD. Work done over the past decade has identified numerous classes of non-coding RNA molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical regulators of gene expression involved in lipid metabolism and CVD, mostly acting at post-transcriptional level. A number of miRNAs, including miR-33, miR-122 and miR-148a, have been demonstrated to play important role in controlling the risk of CVD through regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism. lncRNAs are recently emerging as important regulators of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. However, much additional work will be required to fully understand the impact of lncRNAs on CVD and lipid metabolism, due to the high abundance of lncRNAs and the poor-genetic conservation between species. This article reviews the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and their potential implications for the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA.
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37
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Shen WJ, Asthana S, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. Scavenger receptor B type 1: expression, molecular regulation, and cholesterol transport function. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1114-1131. [PMID: 29720388 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r083121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is required for maintenance of plasma membrane fluidity and integrity and for many cellular functions. Cellular cholesterol can be obtained from lipoproteins in a selective pathway of HDL-cholesteryl ester (CE) uptake without parallel apolipoprotein uptake. Scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1) is a cell surface HDL receptor that mediates HDL-CE uptake. It is most abundantly expressed in liver, where it provides cholesterol for bile acid synthesis, and in steroidogenic tissues, where it delivers cholesterol needed for storage or steroidogenesis in rodents. SR-B1 transcription is regulated by trophic hormones in the adrenal gland, ovary, and testis; in the liver and elsewhere, SR-B1 is subject to posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation. SR-B1 operates in several metabolic processes and contributes to pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, inflammation, hepatitis C virus infection, and other conditions. Here, we summarize characteristics of the selective uptake pathway and involvement of microvillar channels as facilitators of selective HDL-CE uptake. We also present the potential mechanisms of SR-B1-mediated selective cholesterol transport; the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational regulation of SR-B1; and the impact of gene variants on expression and function of human SR-B1. A better understanding of this unique pathway and SR-B1's role may yield improved therapies for a wide variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Research Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Drug Discovery Research Center (DDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Research Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Research Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Urbanek KA, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Kowalska K, Stańczyk A, Domińska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Deoxynivalenol as potential modulator of human steroidogenesis. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1450-1459. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Department of Comparative Endocrinology; Medical University of Lodz; Poland
| | | | - Karolina Kowalska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Department of Comparative Endocrinology; Medical University of Lodz; Poland
| | - Anna Stańczyk
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Medical University of Lodz; Poland
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology; Medical University of Lodz; Poland
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39
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Chu M, Zhao Y, Yu S, Hao Y, Zhang P, Feng Y, Zhang H, Ma D, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. MicroRNA-221 may be involved in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:118-127. [PMID: 29474925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Milk lipids, important for infant growth and development, are produced and secreted by mammary gland under the regulation of steroid hormones, growth factors, and microRNAs (miRNAs). miR-221 has been identified in milk and adipocytes and it plays important roles in regulating normal mammary epithelial hierarchy and breast cancer stem cells; however, its roles in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), the cells of lipid synthesis and secretion, are as yet unknown. Through overexpression or inhibition of miR-221 expression, we found that it regulated lipid metabolism in MECs and was expressed differentially at various stages during murine mammary gland development. Inhibition of miR-221 expression increased lipid content in MECs through elevation of the lipid synthesis enzyme FASN, while overexpression of miR-221 reduced MEC lipid content. Moreover, the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone decreased miR-221 expression with a subsequent increase in lipid formation in MECs. The expression of miR-221 was lower during lactation, which suggests that it may be involved in milk production. Therefore, miR-221 might be a useful target for influencing milk lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Qingdao, 266000, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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40
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Tesfaye D, Gebremedhn S, Salilew-Wondim D, Hailay T, Hoelker M, Grosse-Brinkhaus C, Schellander K. MicroRNAs: tiny molecules with a significant role in mammalian follicular and oocyte development. Reproduction 2017; 155:R121-R135. [PMID: 29170163 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genetic regulation of female fertility (follicular development, oocyte maturation and early preimplantation embryo development) involves the spatio-temporal regulation of those genes that play key roles in various stages of the female reproductive axis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, are known to regulate the expression of a large proportion of such genes. In recent decades, multiple studies have aimed to determine the roles of these non-coding RNAs in mammalian follicular development, oocyte growth and embryo development. These studies have applied a variety of approaches, including conditional knockout of miRNA biogenesis genes, high-throughput sequencing technologies for pattern recognition in miRNA expression and loss- and gain-of-function of miRNAs in various animal models. In addition to the cellular miRNAs, a large variety of RNAs are found in circulation, being coupled with extracellular vesicles, proteins and lipids. Because of their potential as diagnostic markers for abnormal physiologies, there is increasing interest in the identification of extracellular miRNAs in various biological fluids and spent in vitro culture media. This review focuses on studies addressing the expression and potential role of cellular and extracellular miRNAs in mammalian follicular cell physiology and subsequent ovarian functionality and oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal SciencesDepartment of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany .,Center of Integrated Dairy ResearchUniversity of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Institute of Animal SciencesDepartment of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy ResearchUniversity of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal SciencesDepartment of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy ResearchUniversity of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tsige Hailay
- Institute of Animal SciencesDepartment of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy ResearchUniversity of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Institute of Animal SciencesDepartment of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy ResearchUniversity of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Grosse-Brinkhaus
- Institute of Animal SciencesDepartment of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal SciencesDepartment of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy ResearchUniversity of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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41
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Shen WJ, Azhar S, Kraemer FB. SR-B1: A Unique Multifunctional Receptor for Cholesterol Influx and Efflux. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 80:95-116. [PMID: 29125794 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021317-121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The scavenger receptor, class B type 1 (SR-B1), is a multiligand membrane receptor protein that functions as a physiologically relevant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor whose primary role is to mediate selective uptake or influx of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters into cells and tissues. SR-B1 also facilitates the efflux of cholesterol from peripheral tissues, including macrophages, back to liver. As a regulator of plasma membrane cholesterol content, SR-B1 promotes the uptake of lipid soluble vitamins as well as viral entry into host cells. These collective functions of SR-B1 ultimately affect programmed cell death, female fertility, platelet function, vasculature inflammation, and diet-induced atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. SR-B1 has also been identified as a potential marker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, the SR-B1-linked selective HDL-cholesteryl ester uptake pathway is now being evaluated as a gateway for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. In this review, we focus on the regulation and functional significance of SR-B1 in mediating cholesterol movement into and out of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; .,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Salman Azhar
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; .,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; .,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
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42
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Zhai L, Li Y, Lan X, Ai L. MicroRNA-10a-5p suppresses cancer proliferation and division in human cervical cancer by targeting BDNF. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:6147-6151. [PMID: 29285171 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of microRNA (miR)-10a-5p in human cervical cancer. The expression level of miR-10-5p in cervical cancer lines was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cells, miR-10-5p was ectopically overexpressed by lentiviral transduction. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was then overexpressed in HeLa and SiHa cells to evaluate its selective effect on miR-10-5p in cervical cancer modulation. The targeting of miR-10-5p on its downstream gene, BDNF, was evaluated using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Cervical cancer cell viability and cell cycle was evaluated using an MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results indicated that miR-10-5p expression was significantly lower in cervical cancer cell lines compared with normal cells (P<0.05). Ectopic overexpression of miR-10-5p significantly inhibited cancer cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest in HeLa and SiHa cells (both P<0.05). miR-10-5p overexpression significantly reduced BDNF gene expression (P<0.05) and also reduced BDNF protein levels in cervical cancer cells compared with the control. In conclusion, the current study indicated that miR-10-5p is a cervical cancer suppressor, which regulates BDNF expression in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Zhai
- Laboratory Department, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- Laboratory Department, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhi Lan
- Laboratory Department, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ai
- Laboratory Department, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Chu M, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. MicroRNA-126 participates in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 454:77-86. [PMID: 28599789 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are a major component of milk and are important for infant growth and development. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) has previously been observed in mammary glands and adipocytes and is known to be involved in lipid metabolism during the process of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unknown whether miR-126 also participates in lipid metabolism in mammary luminal epithelial cells (MECs). In the current investigation, miR-126-3p inhibition stimulated lipid synthesis in MECs in part through increasing levels of the lipid synthesis enzymes FASN, ACSL1, and Insig1. Overexpression of miR-126-3p decreased lipid content in MECs with a reduction in FASN and Insig1. Furthermore, the expression of miR-126-3p was diminished by the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone with a subsequent elevation of lipid formation in MECs. We also noted that miR-126-3p was expressed differentially at various stages of murine mammary gland development, exhibiting a negative correlation with FASN. Together these findings suggest that miR-126-3 might be involved in lipid metabolism in mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu 271100, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu 271100, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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Hu Z, Shen WJ, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. Regulation of adrenal and ovarian steroidogenesis by miR-132. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:269-283. [PMID: 28729436 PMCID: PMC6376965 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
miR-132 is hormonally regulated in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal gland, ovary and testis. Here, we examined the potential role of miR-132 in the control of steroidogenesis. Transfection of Y1 adrenal cells with miR-132 increased mRNAs of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD enzymes, which catalyze the sequential conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone to biologically inactive 20α-hydroxyprogesterone (20α-OHP). Overexpression of miR-132 reduced MeCP2 and StAR protein expression, basal progestin (progesterone and 20α-OHP) production, but enhanced their production in response to cAMP stimulation. Use of [3H] pregnenolone and free-diffusible 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol further confirmed that miR-132 promotes the production of 20α-OHP by upregulating 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD. Evidence is also presented that StAR is a direct target of miR-132. Transient transfection of Y1 cells with miR-132 demonstrated that miR-132 induction of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD was accompanied by significant suppression of one of its target gene products, MeCP2. In contrast, co-expression of miR-132 plus MeCP2 protein partially blocked the ability of miR-132 to upregulate the expression and function of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD. Moreover, suppression of MeCP2 protein with siRNA resulted in increased expression of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD, further demonstrating that miR-132 induces the expression of these two enzymes via inhibition of MeCP2. Likewise, overexpression of miR-132 increased 20α-OHP production with and without HDL loading, while knockdown of miR-132 resulted in a significant decrease of 20α-OHP production by granulosa cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-132 attenuates steroidogenesis by repressing StAR expression and inducing 20α-HSD via inhibition of MeCP2 to generate a biologically inactive 20α-OHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hu
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyGerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyGerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyGerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyGerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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NHERF1 and NHERF2 regulation of SR-B1 stability via ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1168-1175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Li C, Gao S, Chen S, Chen L, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Zheng X, Zhou X. Differential expression of microRNAs in luteinising hormone-treated mouse TM3 Leydig cells. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 28762514 DOI: 10.1111/and.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is primarily produced by Leydig cells of the mammalian male gonads. The cellular functions of Leydig cells are regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, whereas the microRNA (miRNA) changes of LH-treated Leydig cells are unknown. Mouse TM3 Leydig cells were treated with LH, and deep sequencing showed that 29 miRNAs were significantly different between two groups (fold change of >1.5 or <0.5, p < .05), of which 27 were upregulated and two were downregulated. The differential expression of miR-29b-3p, miR-378b, miR-193b and miR-3695 was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miRNAs regulated a large number of genes with different functions. Pathway analysis indicated that miRNAs were involved in the Wingless and INT-1, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, NF-kappa B and Toll-like receptor signalling pathways. Results showed that miRNAs might be involved in the regulation of LH to Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - S Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - S Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - L Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Y Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Y Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - X Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - X Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Geng XJ, Zhao DM, Mao GH, Tan L. MicroRNA-150 regulates steroidogenesis of mouse testicular Leydig cells by targeting STAR. Reproduction 2017; 154:229-236. [PMID: 28611112 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leydig cells are essential for male reproductive development throughout life. Production of androgens as well as intermediate steroids is tightly regulated. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are suggested to play important roles in spermatogenesis, little is currently known regarding the regulation of steroidogenesis by miRNAs in Leydig cells. Here, we found that miR-150 was predominantly expressed in Leydig cells within mouse testis. Therefore, we determined steroidogenesis of the Leydig cells in which miR-150 was knocked down or overexpressed using miR-150 antagomir and agomir, respectively. Compared with negative control group, a significant increase of STAR expression was observed in miR-150 antagomir-treated Leydig cells. Conversely, STAR expression was significantly reduced in miR-150 agomir-transfected Leydig cells. Production of sex-steroid precursors and testosterone of Leydig cells was also negatively controlled by miR-150. We further identified Star as a target of miR-150 using luciferase reporter assay. Finally, we confirmed that miR-150 was necessary for steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in vivo via intratesticular injection of miR-150 antagomir or agomir. Taken together, our studies suggest that miR-150 negatively regulates the expression of STAR and steroidogenesis of Leydig cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jing Geng
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhao
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gen-Hong Mao
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Tan
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Work over the past decade has identified the important role of microRNAs (miRNAS) in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and associated disorders including metabolic syndrome, obesity, and atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the most recent findings in the field, highlighting the contribution of miRNAs in controlling LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS A number of miRNAs have emerged as important regulators of lipid metabolism, including miR-122 and miR-33. Work over the past 2 years has identified additional functions of miR-33 including the regulation of macrophage activation and mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, it has recently been shown that miR-33 regulates vascular homeostasis and cardiac adaptation in response to pressure overload. In addition to miR-33 and miR-122, recent GWAS have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the proximity of miRNA genes associated with abnormal levels of circulating lipids in humans. Several of these miRNAs, such as miR-148a and miR-128-1, target important proteins that regulate cellular cholesterol metabolism, including the LDL receptor (LDLR) and the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1). SUMMARY MicroRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of cholesterol metabolism and promising therapeutic targets for treating cardiometabolic disorders including atherosclerosis. Here, we discuss the recent findings in the field, highlighting the novel mechanisms by which miR-33 controls lipid metabolism and atherogenesis, and the identification of novel miRNAs that regulate LDL metabolism. Finally, we summarize the recent findings that identified miR-33 as an important noncoding RNA that controls cardiovascular homeostasis independent of its role in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Abhishek K. Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Nathan Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
- Corresponding author: Carlos Fernández-Hernando. Phone: +1 (203)-737-4615.
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Shima Y, Morohashi KI. Leydig progenitor cells in fetal testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:55-64. [PMID: 27940302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Testicular Leydig cells play pivotal roles in masculinization of organisms by producing androgens. At least two distinct Leydig cell populations sequentially emerge in the mammalian testis. Leydig cells in the fetal testis (fetal Leydig cells) appear just after initial sex differentiation and induce masculinization of male fetuses. Although there has been a debate on the fate of fetal Leydig cells in the postnatal testis, it has been generally believed that fetal Leydig cells regress and are completely replaced by another Leydig cell population, adult Leydig cells. Recent studies revealed that gene expression patterns are different between fetal and adult Leydig cells and that the androgens produced in fetal Leydig cells are different from those in adult Leydig cells in mice. Although these results suggested that fetal and adult Leydig cells have distinct origins, several recent studies of mouse models support the hypothesis that fetal and adult Leydig cells arise from a common progenitor pool. In this review, we first provide an overview of previous knowledge, mainly from mouse studies, focusing on the cellular origins of fetal Leydig cells and the regulatory mechanisms underlying fetal Leydig cell differentiation. In addition, we will briefly discuss the functional differences of fetal Leydig cells between human and rodents. We will also discuss recent studies with mouse models that give clues for understanding how the progenitor cells in the fetal testis are subsequently destined to become fetal or adult Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Shima
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Wang H, Yu L, Shan X. Expression levels of microRNA‑455 and its potential functions by targeting IGF‑1R in melanoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3852-3858. [PMID: 28440508 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma has the highest fatality and malignancy of all skin cancers. In cancer, microRNAs (miRNAs) act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, and inactivation of oncogenic miRNAs or restoration of tumor suppressor miRNAs has potential for cancer treatment. In the present study, miR‑455 expression levels were examined in melanoma tissues and cell lines, and miR‑455 was significantly downregulated in melanoma compared with matched normal tissues or normal epidermal melanocytes. In addition, increasing miR‑455 expression in melanoma cells reduced cell proliferation and invasion. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that insulin‑like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‑1R) was a putative target of miR‑455. Luciferase reporter assays, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot confirmed that miR‑455 targeted the 3'‑untranslated region of IGF‑1R and thus regulated the biological processes of melanoma cells. IGF‑1R knockdown resulted in similar effects as miR‑455 overexpression in melanoma cells. In summary, these findings indicated that miR‑455 was downregulated in melanoma, and inhibited proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells through directly targeting IGF‑1R. This also suggested that the restoration of miR‑455 may be worth investigation as a therapeutic treatment for patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Shan
- Department of Dermatology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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