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Wang X, Zhang H, Hu L, He J, Jiang Q, Ren L, Yu K, Fu M, Li Z, He Z, Zhu J, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Yang G. The high-bone-mass phenotype of novel transgenic mice with LRP5 A241T mutation. Bone 2024; 187:117172. [PMID: 38909879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) can cause high-bone-mass (HBM) phenotype, with 19 identified mutations so far. The A242T mutation in LRP5 has been found in 9 families, making it one of the most prevalent mutations. However, the correlation between the A242T mutation and HBM phenotype remains unverified in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the bone properties in a new transgenic mouse model carrying the LRP5 A241T missense mutation, equivalent to A242T in humans. Heterozygous Lrp5A241T mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Body weight increased with age from 4 to 16 weeks, higher in males than females, with no difference between Lrp5A241T mice and wild-type control. Micro-CT showed slightly longer femur and notably elevated trabecular bone mass of the femur and fifth lumbar spine with higher bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular thickness in Lrp5A241T mice compared to wild-type mice. Additionally, increased cortical bone thickness and volume of the femur shaft and skull were observed in Lrp5A241T mice. Three-point bending tests of the tibia demonstrated enhanced bone strength properties in Lrp5A241T mice. Histomorphometry confirmed that the A241T mutation increased bone formation without affecting osteoblast number and reduced resorption activities in vivo. In vitro experiments indicated that the LRP5 A241T mutation enhanced osteogenic capacity of osteoblasts with upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, with no significant impact on the resorptive activity of osteoclasts. In summary, mice carrying the LRP5 A241T mutation displayed high bone mass and quality due to enhanced bone formation and reduced bone resorption in vivo, potentially mediated by the augmented osteogenic potential of osteoblasts. Continued investigation into the regulatory mechanisms of its bone metabolism and homeostasis may contribute to the advancement of novel therapeutic strategies for bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Jin He
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Lingfei Ren
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Mengdie Fu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Junhao Zhu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China.
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China.
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China.
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Xiao H, Li W, Qin Y, Lin Z, Qian C, Wu M, Xia Y, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk between Lipid Metabolism and Bone Homeostasis: Exploring Intricate Signaling Relationships. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0447. [PMID: 39165638 PMCID: PMC11334918 DOI: 10.34133/research.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue reshaped by constant bone formation and bone resorption to maintain its function. The skeletal system accounts for approximately 70% of the total volume of the body, and continuous bone remodeling requires quantities of energy and material consumption. Adipose tissue is the main energy storehouse of the body and has a strong adaptive capacity to participate in the regulation of various physiological processes. Considering that obesity and metabolic syndrome have become major public health challenges, while osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures have become other major health problems in the aging population, it would be interesting to explore these 2 diseases together. Currently, an increasing number of researchers are focusing on the interactions between multiple tissue systems, i.e., multiple organs and tissues that are functionally coordinated together and pathologically pathologically interact with each other in the body. However, there is lack of detailed reviews summarizing the effects of lipid metabolism on bone homeostasis and the interactions between adipose tissue and bone tissue. This review provides a detailed summary of recent advances in understanding how lipid molecules and adipose-derived hormones affect bone homeostasis, how bone tissue, as a metabolic organ, affects lipid metabolism, and how lipid metabolism is regulated by bone-derived cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jingjiang People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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Vrščaj LA, Marc J, Ostanek B. Towards an enhanced understanding of osteoanabolic effects of PTH-induced microRNAs on osteoblasts using a bioinformatic approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1380013. [PMID: 39086902 PMCID: PMC11289717 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1380013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used a bioinformatic approach to construct a miRNA-target gene interaction network potentially involved in the anabolic effect of parathyroid hormone analogue teriparatide [PTH (1-34)] on osteoblasts. We extracted a dataset of 26 microRNAs (miRNAs) from previously published studies and predicted miRNA target interactions (MTIs) using four software tools: DIANA, miRWalk, miRDB, and TargetScan. By constructing an interactome of PTH-regulated miRNAs and their predicted target genes, we elucidated signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, the Hippo signaling pathway, and the TGF-beta signaling pathway as the most significant pathways in the effects of PTH on osteoblasts. Furthermore, we constructed intersection of MTI networks for these three pathways and added validated interactions. There are 8 genes present in all three selected pathways and a set of 18 miRNAs are predicted to target these genes, according to literature data. The most important genes in all three pathways were BMPR1A, BMPR2 and SMAD2 having the most interactions with miRNAs. Among these miRNAs, only miR-146a-5p and miR-346 have validated interactions in these pathways and were shown to be important regulators of these pathways. In addition, we also propose miR-551b-5p and miR-338-5p for further experimental validation, as they have been predicted to target important genes in these pathways but none of their target interactions have yet been verified. Our wet-lab experiment on miRNAs differentially expressed between PTH (1-34) treated and untreated mesenchymal stem cells supports miR-186-5p from the literature obtained data as another prominent miRNA. The meticulous selection of miRNAs outlined will significantly support and guide future research aimed at discovering and understanding the crucial pathways of osteoanabolic PTH-epigenetic effects on osteoblasts. Additionally, they hold potential for the discovery of new PTH target genes, innovative biomarkers for the effectiveness and safety of osteoporosis-affected treatment, as well as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Ana Vrščaj
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Ostanek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Stegen S, Carmeliet G. Metabolic regulation of skeletal cell fate and function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:399-413. [PMID: 38499689 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Bone development and bone remodelling during adult life are highly anabolic processes requiring an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. Bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts interact closely to preserve bone mass and architecture and are often located close to blood vessels. Chondrocytes within the developing growth plate ensure that bone lengthening occurs before puberty, but these cells function in an avascular environment. With ageing, numerous bone marrow adipocytes appear, often with negative effects on bone properties. Many studies have now indicated that skeletal cells have specific metabolic profiles that correspond to the nutritional microenvironment and their stage-specific functions. These metabolic networks provide not only skeletal cells with sufficient energy, but also biosynthetic intermediates that are necessary for proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Moreover, these metabolic pathways control redox homeostasis to avoid oxidative stress and safeguard cell survival. Finally, several intracellular metabolites regulate the activity of epigenetic enzymes and thus control the fate and function of skeletal cells. The metabolic profile of skeletal cells therefore not only reflects their cellular state, but can also drive cellular activity. Insight into skeletal cell metabolism will thus not only advance our understanding of skeletal development and homeostasis, but also of skeletal disorders, such as osteoarthritis, diabetic bone disease and bone malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Lecka-Czernik B, Khan MP, Letson J, Baroi S, Chougule A. Regulatory Effect of Osteocytes on Extramedullary and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Development and Function. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:301-307. [PMID: 38625510 PMCID: PMC11186862 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes evidence on osteocyte support of extramedullary and bone marrow adipocyte development and discusses the role of endogenous osteocyte activities of nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and alpha (PPARA) in this support. RECENT FINDINGS PPARG and PPARA proteins, key regulators of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, are highly expressed in osteocytes. They play significant roles in the regulation of osteocyte secretome and osteocyte bioenergetics; both activities contributing to the levels of systemic energy metabolism in part through an effect on metabolic function of extramedullary and bone marrow adipocytes. The PPARs-controlled osteocyte endocrine/paracrine activities, including sclerostin expression, directly regulate adipocyte function, while the PPARs-controlled osteocyte fuel utilization and oxidative phosphorylation contribute to the skeletal demands for glucose and fatty acids, whose availability is under the control of adipocytes. Bone is an inherent element of systemic energy metabolism with PPAR nuclear receptors regulating osteocyte-adipocyte metabolic axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Mohd Parvez Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Joshua Letson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Sudipta Baroi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- Harvard University, School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amit Chougule
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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6
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Tian C, Liu J, Ma M, Wang S, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Peng B, Xiang D, Wang B, Geng B. Association between surrogate marker of insulin resistance and bone mineral density in US adults without diabetes. Arch Osteoporos 2024; 19:42. [PMID: 38796579 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-024-01395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between TyG-BMI, an indicator of insulin resistance, and bone mineral density in US adults without diabetes, revealing a positive association. The findings suggest that higher TyG-BMI levels may be linked to a lower risk of osteoporosis, providing a basis for future research in this area. OBJECTIVE Patients with osteoporosis are often diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Insulin resistance is a prediabetic state, and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) has been recognized as a potential predictor of it, valuable in assessing prediabetes, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. However, the validity of TyG-BMI in osteoporosis studies remains inadequate. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between TyG-BMI and BMD as well as the effect of TyG-BMI on the odds of developing osteoporosis in US adults without diabetes. METHODS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were obtained. The relationship between TyG-BMI and BMD was evaluated via multivariate linear regression models. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis explored potential non-linear relationships, and age, gender, and race subgroup analyses were performed. In addition, multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze its potential role in the development of osteoporosis. RESULTS In a study of 6501 participants, we observed a significant positive correlation between the TyG-BMI index and BMD, even after adjusting for covariates and categorizing TyG-BMI. The study identified specific TyG-BMI folding points-112.476 for the total femur BMD, 100.66 for the femoral neck BMD, 107.291 for the intertrochanter BMD, and 116.58 for the trochanter BMD-indicating shifts in the relationship's strength at these thresholds. While the association's strength slightly decreased after the folding points, it remained significant. Subgroup analyses further confirmed the positive TyG-BMI and BMD correlation. Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated a lower osteoporosis risk in participants with higher TyG-BMI levels, particularly in menopausal women over 40 and men over 60. CONCLUSION This study suggests a positive correlation between BMD and TyG-BMI in US adults without diabetes. Individuals with higher levels of TyG-BMI may have a lower risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinmin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dejian Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Jin Z, Gao H, Fu Y, Ren R, Deng X, Chen Y, Hou X, Wang Q, Song G, Fan N, Ma H, Yin Y, Xu K. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Sheds Light on the Biological Contexts of Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Ningxiang Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:642. [PMID: 38790271 PMCID: PMC11121357 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of pork is significantly impacted by intramuscular fat (IMF). However, the regulatory mechanism of IMF depositions remains unclear. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of the longissimus dorsi muscle (IMF) from the high (5.1 ± 0.08) and low (2.9 ± 0.51) IMF groups (%) to elucidate potential mechanisms. In summary, 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 14 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs), 83 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), and 79 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were identified. DEGs were widely associated with IMF deposition and liposome differentiation. Furthermore, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks were constructed through co-differential expression analyses, which included circRNA-miRNA-mRNA (containing 6 DEMIs, 6 DEGs, 47 DECs) and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (containing 6 DEMIs, 6 DEGs, 36 DELs) regulatory networks. The circRNAs sus-TRPM7_0005, sus-MTUS1_0004, the lncRNAs SMSTRG.4269.1, and MSTRG.7983.2 regulate the expression of six lipid metabolism-related target genes, including PLCB1, BAD, and GADD45G, through the binding sites of 2-4068, miR-7134-3p, and miR-190a. For instance, MSTRG.4269.1 regulates its targets PLCB1 and BAD via miRNA 2_4068. Meanwhile, sus-TRPM7_0005 controls its target LRP5 through ssc-miR-7134-3P. These findings indicate molecular regulatory networks that could potentially be applied for the marker-assisted selection of IMF to enhance pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yawei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Ruimin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Gang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Ningyu Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
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Nesbeth PDC, Ziegler TR, Tripathi AK, Dabeer S, Weiss D, Hao L, Smith MR, Jones DP, Maner-Smith KM, Tu CL, Chang W, Weitzmann MN, Alvarez JA. Linoleic acid blunts early osteoblast differentiation and impairs oxidative phosphorylation in vitro. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 201:102617. [PMID: 38788347 PMCID: PMC11293625 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linoleic acid (LNA), an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), plays a crucial role in cellular functions. However, excessive intake of LNA, characteristic of Western diets, can have detrimental effects on cells and organs. Human observational studies have shown an inverse relationship between plasma LNA concentrations and bone mineral density. The mechanism by which LNA impairs the skeleton is unclear, and there is a paucity of research on the effects of LNA on bone-forming osteoblasts. METHODS The effect of LNA on osteoblast differentiation, cellular bioenergetics, and production of oxidized PUFA metabolites in vitro, was studied using primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursors. RESULTS LNA treatment decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, but had no effect on committed osteoblasts or on mineralization by differentiated osteoblasts. LNA suppressed osteoblast commitment by blunting the expression of Runx2 and Osterix, key transcription factors involved in osteoblast differentiation, and other key osteoblast-related factors involved in bone formation. LNA treatment was associated with increased production of oxidized LNA- and arachidonic acid-derived metabolites and blunted oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased ATP production. CONCLUSION Our results show that LNA inhibited early differentiation of osteoblasts and this inhibitory effect was associated with increased production of oxidized PUFA metabolites that likely impaired energy production via oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula-Dene C Nesbeth
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sadaf Dabeer
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Li Hao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew R Smith
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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9
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Nandy A, Helderman RCM, Thapa S, Jayapalan S, Richards A, Narayani N, Czech MP, Rosen CJ, Rendina-Ruedy E. Lipolysis supports bone formation by providing osteoblasts with endogenous fatty acid substrates to maintain bioenergetic status. Bone Res 2023; 11:62. [PMID: 38001111 PMCID: PMC10673934 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders. Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts, although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast function. Here, we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone formation. As such, we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast maturation. Inhibiting cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast function. The fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted conditions. In vivo, conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid metabolism. Collectively, our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets, which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are limited. Perturbations in this process result in impairment of bone formation, specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Nandy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ron C M Helderman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Santosh Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Shobana Jayapalan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alison Richards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nikita Narayani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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10
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Xiao X, Juan C, Drennon T, Uytingco CR, Vishlaghi N, Sokolowskei D, Xu L, Levi B, Sammarco MC, Tower RJ. Spatial transcriptomic interrogation of the murine bone marrow signaling landscape. Bone Res 2023; 11:59. [PMID: 37926705 PMCID: PMC10625929 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) are tightly regulated processes, with SSPC dysregulation leading to progressive bone disease. While the application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to the bone field has led to major advancements in our understanding of SSPC heterogeneity, stem cells are tightly regulated by their neighboring cells which comprise the bone marrow niche. However, unbiased interrogation of these cells at the transcriptional level within their native niche environment has been challenging. Here, we combined spatial transcriptomics and scRNAseq using a predictive modeling pipeline derived from multiple deconvolution packages in adult mouse femurs to provide an endogenous, in vivo context of SSPCs within the niche. This combined approach localized SSPC subtypes to specific regions of the bone and identified cellular components and signaling networks utilized within the niche. Furthermore, the use of spatial transcriptomics allowed us to identify spatially restricted activation of metabolic and major morphogenetic signaling gradients derived from the vasculature and bone surfaces that establish microdomains within the marrow cavity. Overall, we demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of applying spatial transcriptomics to fully mineralized tissue and present a combined spatial and single-cell transcriptomic approach to define the cellular components of the stem cell niche, identify cell‒cell communication, and ultimately gain a comprehensive understanding of local and global SSPC regulatory networks within calcified tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Conan Juan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tingsheng Drennon
- Department of Cell Biology & Applications, 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Cell Biology & Applications, 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Neda Vishlaghi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dimitri Sokolowskei
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mimi C Sammarco
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert J Tower
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Shi W, Zhang Q. Association between Metabolic Syndrome and the Musculoskeletal System. Nutrients 2023; 15:4475. [PMID: 37892550 PMCID: PMC10609780 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are chronic health disorders worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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12
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Ji X, Seeley R, Li K, Song F, Liao X, Song C, Angelozzi M, Valeri A, Marmo T, Lee WC, Shi Y, Long F. Genetic activation of glycolysis in osteoblasts preserves bone mass in type I diabetes. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1053-1063.e5. [PMID: 37562406 PMCID: PMC10528964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Type I diabetes (T1D) impairs bone accrual in patients, but the mechanism is unclear. Here in a murine monogenic model for T1D, we demonstrate that diabetes suppresses bone formation resulting in a rapid loss of both cortical and trabecular bone. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers metabolic dysregulation in bone marrow osteogenic cells of diabetic mice. In vivo stable isotope tracing reveals impaired glycolysis in diabetic bone that is highly responsive to insulin stimulation. Remarkably, deletion of the insulin receptor reduces cortical but not trabecular bone. Increasing glucose uptake by overexpressing Glut1 in osteoblasts exacerbates bone defects in T1D mice. Conversely, activation of glycolysis by Pfkfb3 overexpression preserves both trabecular and cortical bone mass in the face of diabetes. The study identifies defective glucose metabolism in osteoblasts as a pathogenic mechanism for osteopenia in T1D, and furthermore implicates boosting osteoblast glycolysis as a potential bone anabolic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ji
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Seeley
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fangfang Song
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xueyang Liao
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chao Song
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Angelozzi
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arianna Valeri
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler Marmo
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Lee
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fanxin Long
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Jiang H, Li D, Han Y, Li N, Tao X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Wang L, Yu S, Zhang N, Xiao H, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Zhang BT. The role of sclerostin in lipid and glucose metabolism disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115694. [PMID: 37481136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and glucose metabolism are critical for human activities, and their disorders can cause diabetes and obesity, two prevalent metabolic diseases. Studies suggest that the bone involved in lipid and glucose metabolism is emerging as an endocrine organ that regulates systemic metabolism through bone-derived molecules. Sclerostin, a protein mainly produced by osteocytes, has been therapeutically targeted by antibodies for treating osteoporosis owing to its ability to inhibit bone formation. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that sclerostin plays a role in lipid and glucose metabolism disorders. Although the effects of sclerostin on bone have been extensively examined and reviewed, its effects on systemic metabolism have not yet been well summarized. In this paper, we provide a systemic review of the effects of sclerostin on lipid and glucose metabolism based on in vitro and in vivo evidence, summarize the research progress on sclerostin, and prospect its potential manipulation for obesity and diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dijie Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China; Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Han
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China; Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nanxi Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China; Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohui Tao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China; Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China; Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China; Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China; Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China; Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Sabini E, Arboit L, Khan MP, Lanzolla G, Schipani E. Oxidative phosphorylation in bone cells. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101688. [PMID: 37275785 PMCID: PMC10238578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of energy metabolism in bone cells is an active field of investigation. Bone cells are metabolically very active and require high levels of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to support their function. ATP is generated in the cytosol via glycolysis coupled with lactic acid fermentation and in the mitochondria via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is the final convergent metabolic pathway for all oxidative steps of dietary nutrients catabolism. The formation of ATP is driven by an electrochemical gradient that forms across the mitochondrial inner membrane through to the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and requires the presence of oxygen as the final electron acceptor. The current literature supports a model in which glycolysis is the main source of energy in undifferentiated mesenchymal progenitors and terminally differentiated osteoblasts, whereas OXPHOS appears relevant in an intermediate stage of differentiation of those cells. Conversely, osteoclasts progressively increase OXPHOS during differentiation until they become multinucleated and mitochondrial-rich terminal differentiated cells. Despite the abundance of mitochondria, mature osteoclasts are considered ATP-depleted, and the availability of ATP is a critical factor that regulates the low survival capacity of these cells, which rapidly undergo death by apoptosis. In addition to ATP, bioenergetic metabolism generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intermediate metabolites that regulate a variety of cellular functions, including epigenetics changes of genomic DNA and histones. This review will briefly discuss the role of OXPHOS and the cross-talks OXPHOS-glycolysis in the differentiation process of bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ernestina Schipani
- Corresponding author at: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Medical School, 310A Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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15
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Hosseini V, Paryan M, Koochaki A, Cesaire HM, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S. Mir-4699 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2023:10.1007/s00774-023-01433-y. [PMID: 37247112 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are drawing considerable attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their differentiation capabilities. The miRNAs are among the most important epigenetic regulators of MSC differentiation. Our previous study identified miR-4699 as a direct suppressor of the DKK1 and TNSF11 gene expression. However, the precise osteogenic-related phenotype or mechanism caused by miR-4699 change has yet to be dealt with in depth. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, miR-4699 mimics were transfected into human Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAd-MSCs) and osteoblast marker gene expression (RUNX2, ALP, and OCN), was analyzed to investigate whether miR-4699 promotes osteoblast differentiation of hAd-MSCs through targeting the DKK-1 and TNFSF11. We further examined and compared the effects of recombinant human BMP2 with miR-4699 on cell differentiation. In addition to quantitative PCR, analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content assay, and Alizarin red staining were used to explore osteogenic differentiation. To evaluate the effect of miR-4699 on its target gene (on protein level) we utilized the western blotting technique. RESULTS The overexpression of miR-4699 in hAd-MSCs resulted in the stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteoblast mineralization, and the expression of RUNX2, ALP, and OCN osteoblast marker genes. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that miR-4699 supported and synergized the BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. We suggest, thereof, the utilization of hsa-miR-4699 for further in vivo experimental investigation to reveal the potential therapeutic impact of regenerative medicine for different types of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahedeh Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Menale C, Trinchese G, Aiello I, Scalia G, Dentice M, Mollica MP, Yoon NA, Diano S. Nutrient-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission Enhances Osteoblast Function. Nutrients 2023; 15:2222. [PMID: 37432387 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bone synthesizing function of osteoblasts (OBs) is a highly demanding energy process that requires nutrients. However, how nutrient availability affects OBs behavior and bone mineralization remain to be fully understood. METHODS MC3T3-E1 cell line and primary OBs (OBs) cultures were treated with physiological levels of glucose (G; 5.5 mM) alone or with the addition of palmitic acid (G+PA) at different concentrations. Mitochondria morphology and activity were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, qPCR, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measurement, and OBs function was assessed by mineralization assay. RESULTS The addition of non-lipotoxic levels of 25 μM PA to G increased mineralization in OBs. G+25 μM PA exposure reduced mitochondria size in OBs, which was associated with increased activation of dynamin-related protein 1, a mitochondrial fission protein, enhanced mitochondria OCR and ATP production, and increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes. Treatment with Mdivi-1, a putative inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, reduced osteogenesis and mitochondrial respiration in OBs. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that OBs function was enhanced in the presence of glucose and PA at 25 μM. This was associated with increased OBs mitochondrial respiration and dynamics. These results suggest a role for nutrient availability in bone physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Menale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Aiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalia
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nal Ae Yoon
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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17
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Bao K, Jiao Y, Xing L, Zhang F, Tian F. The role of wnt signaling in diabetes-induced osteoporosis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:84. [PMID: 37106471 PMCID: PMC10141960 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, destruction of bone microarchitecture, decreased bone strength, and increased bone fragility. Because of its insidious onset, osteoporosis renders patients highly susceptible to pathological fractures, leading to increased disability and mortality rates. However, the specific pathogenesis of osteoporosis induced by chronic hyperglycemia has not yet been fully elucidated. But it is currently known that the disruption of Wnt signaling triggered by chronic hyperglycemia is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic osteoporosis. There are two main types of Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (β-catenin-dependent) and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (non-β-catenin-dependent), both of which play an important role in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Therefore, this review systematically describes the effects of abnormal Wnt pathway signaling on bone homeostasis under hyperglycemia, hoping to reveal the relationship between Wnt signaling and diabetic osteoporosis to further improve understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairan Bao
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinghua Jiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Bohai Road 21, Caofeidian Dis, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Tian
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Bohai Road 21, Caofeidian Dis, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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18
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Akhmetshina A, Kratky D, Rendina-Ruedy E. Influence of Cholesterol on the Regulation of Osteoblast Function. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040578. [PMID: 37110236 PMCID: PMC10143138 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue composed of cells, an extracellular matrix, and mineralized portion. Osteoblasts are responsible for proper bone formation and remodeling, and function. These processes are endergonic and require cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is derived from various sources such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. However, other lipids such as cholesterol have also been found to play a critical role in bone homeostasis and can also contribute to the overall bioenergetic capacity of osteoblasts. In addition, several epidemiological studies have found a link between elevated cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, an enhanced risk of osteoporosis, and increased bone metastasis in cancer patients. This review focuses on how cholesterol, its derivatives, and cholesterol-lowering medications (statins) regulate osteoblast function and bone formation. It also highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the cholesterol-osteoblast crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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19
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Lungu O, Toscani D, Burroughs-Garcia J, Giuliani N. The Metabolic Features of Osteoblasts: Implications for Multiple Myeloma (MM) Bone Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054893. [PMID: 36902326 PMCID: PMC10003241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of osteoblast (OB) metabolism has recently received increased attention due to the considerable amount of energy used during the bone remodeling process. In addition to glucose, the main nutrient for the osteoblast lineages, recent data highlight the importance of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in providing the fuel necessary for the proper functioning of OBs. Among the amino acids, it has been reported that OBs are largely dependent on glutamine (Gln) for their differentiation and activity. In this review, we describe the main metabolic pathways governing OBs' fate and functions, both in physiological and pathological malignant conditions. In particular, we focus on multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease, which is characterized by a severe imbalance in OB differentiation due to the presence of malignant plasma cells into the bone microenvironment. Here, we describe the most important metabolic alterations involved in the inhibition of OB formation and activity in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Lungu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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20
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Balatskyi VV, Sowka A, Dobrzyn P, Piven OO. WNT/β-catenin pathway is a key regulator of cardiac function and energetic metabolism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13912. [PMID: 36599355 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin pathway is a master regulator of cardiac development and growth, and its activity is low in healthy adult hearts. However, even this low activity is essential for maintaining normal heart function. Acute activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade is considered to be cardioprotective after infarction through the upregulation of prosurvival genes and reprogramming of metabolism. Chronically high WNT/β-catenin pathway activity causes profibrotic and hypertrophic effects in the adult heart. New data suggest more complex functions of β-catenin in metabolic maturation of the perinatal heart, establishing an adult pattern of glucose and fatty acid utilization. Additionally, low basal activity of the WNT/β-catenin cascade maintains oxidative metabolism in the adult heart, and this pathway is reactivated by physiological or pathological stimuli to meet the higher energy needs of the heart. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the organization of canonical WNT signaling and its function in cardiogenesis, heart maturation, adult heart function, and remodeling. We also discuss the role of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in cardiac glucose, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Balatskyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Sowka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oksana O Piven
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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21
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Perkins RS, Singh R, Abell AN, Krum SA, Miranda-Carboni GA. The role of WNT10B in physiology and disease: A 10-year update. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1120365. [PMID: 36814601 PMCID: PMC9939717 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT10B, a member of the WNT family of secreted glycoproteins, activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade to control proliferation, stemness, pluripotency, and cell fate decisions. WNT10B plays roles in many tissues, including bone, adipocytes, skin, hair, muscle, placenta, and the immune system. Aberrant WNT10B signaling leads to several diseases, such as osteoporosis, obesity, split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM), fibrosis, dental anomalies, and cancer. We reviewed WNT10B a decade ago, and here we provide a comprehensive update to the field. Novel research on WNT10B has expanded to many more tissues and diseases. WNT10B polymorphisms and mutations correlate with many phenotypes, including bone mineral density, obesity, pig litter size, dog elbow dysplasia, and cow body size. In addition, the field has focused on the regulation of WNT10B using upstream mediators, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). We also discussed the therapeutic implications of WNT10B regulation. In summary, research conducted during 2012-2022 revealed several new, diverse functions in the role of WNT10B in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Perkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rishika Singh
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amy N. Abell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A. Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni,
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22
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Bergen DJM, Maurizi A, Formosa MM, McDonald GLK, El-Gazzar A, Hassan N, Brandi ML, Riancho JA, Rivadeneira F, Ntzani E, Duncan EL, Gregson CL, Kiel DP, Zillikens MC, Sangiorgi L, Högler W, Duran I, Mäkitie O, Van Hul W, Hendrickx G. High Bone Mass Disorders: New Insights From Connecting the Clinic and the Bench. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:229-247. [PMID: 36161343 PMCID: PMC10092806 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic high bone mass (HBM) disorders are characterized by an increased amount of bone in general, or at specific sites in the skeleton. Here, we describe 59 HBM disorders with 50 known disease-causing genes from the literature, and we provide an overview of the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Based on this, we classify the known HBM genes into HBM (sub)groups according to uniform Gene Ontology (GO) terminology. This classification system may aid in hypothesis generation, for both wet lab experimental design and clinical genetic screening strategies. We discuss how functional genomics can shape discovery of novel HBM genes and/or mechanisms in the future, through implementation of omics assessments in existing and future model systems. Finally, we address strategies to improve gene identification in unsolved HBM cases and highlight the importance for cross-laboratory collaborations encompassing multidisciplinary efforts to transfer knowledge generated at the bench to the clinic. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J M Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Melissa M Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Georgina L K McDonald
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ahmed El-Gazzar
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Neelam Hassan
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U M Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Policy and Practice, Center for Research Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of loannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Rare Skeletal Diseases, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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23
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Chlebek C, Rosen CJ. The Role of Bone Cell Energetics in Altering Bone Quality and Strength in Health and Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:1-10. [PMID: 36435911 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone quality and strength are diminished with age and disease but can be improved by clinical intervention. Energetic pathways are essential for cellular function and drive osteogenic signaling within bone cells. Altered bone quality is associated with changes in the energetic activity of bone cells following diet-based or therapeutic interventions. Energetic pathways may directly or indirectly contribute to changes in bone quality. The goal of this review is to highlight tissue-level and bioenergetic changes in bone health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Bone cell energetics are an expanding field of research. Early literature primarily focused on defining energetic activation throughout the lifespan of bone cells. Recent studies have begun to connect bone energetic activity to health and disease. In this review, we highlight bone cell energetic demands, the effect of substrate availability on bone quality, altered bioenergetics associated with disease treatment and development, and additional biological factors influencing bone cell energetics. Bone cells use several energetic pathways during differentiation and maturity. The orchestration of bioenergetic pathways is critical for healthy cell function. Systemic changes in substrate availability alter bone quality, potentially due to the direct effects of altered bone cell bioenergetic activity. Bone cell bioenergetics may also contribute directly to the development and treatment of skeletal diseases. Understanding the role of energetic pathways in the cellular response to disease will improve patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Chlebek
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, USA.
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24
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Weber DR, Long F, Zemel BS, Kindler JM. Glycemic Control and Bone in Diabetes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:379-388. [PMID: 36214991 PMCID: PMC9549036 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent developments on the effects of glycemic control and diabetes on bone health. We discuss the foundational cellular mechanisms through which diabetes and impaired glucose control impact bone biology, and how these processes contribute to bone fragility in diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Glucose is important for osteoblast differentiation and energy consumption of mature osteoblasts. The role of insulin is less clear, but insulin receptor deletion in mouse osteoblasts reduces bone formation. Epidemiologically, type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) associate with increased fracture risk, which is greater among people with T1D. Accumulation of cortical bone micro-pores, micro-vascular complications, and AGEs likely contribute to diabetes-related bone fragility. The effects of youth-onset T2D on peak bone mass attainment and subsequent skeletal fragility are of particular concern. Further research is needed to understand the effects of hyperglycemia on skeletal health through the lifecycle, including the related factors of inflammation and microvascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Weber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia,, PA, USA
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, 14th Floor/Room 14471, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
| | - Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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25
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Vadivalagan C, Krishnan A, Chen SJ, Hseu YC, Muthu S, Dhar R, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala MM. The Warburg effect in osteoporosis: Cellular signaling and epigenetic regulation of energy metabolic events to targeting the osteocalcin for phenotypic alteration. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110488. [PMID: 36208706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a silent disease of skeletal morphology that induces fragility and fracture risk in aged persons irrespective of gender. Juvenile secondary osteoporosis is rare and is influenced by familial genetic abnormalities. Despite the currently available therapeutic options, more-acute treatments are in need. Women suffer from osteoporosis after menopause, which is characterized by a decline in the secretion of sex hormones in the later phase of life. Several studies in the past two decades emphasized hormone-related pathways to combat osteoporosis. Some studies partially examined energy-related pathways, but achieving a more vivid picture of metabolism and bone remodeling in terms of the Warburg phenomenon is still warranted. Each cell requires sufficient energy for cellular propagation and growth; in particular, osteoporosis is an energy-dependent mechanism affected by a decreased cellular mass of the bone morphology. Energy utilization is the actual propagation of such diseases, and narrowing down these criteria will hopefully provide clues to formulate better therapeutic strategies. Oxidative glycolysis is a particular type of energy metabolic pathway in cancer cells that influences cellular proliferation. Therefore, the prospect of utilizing collective glucose metabolism by inducing the Warburg effect may improve cell propagation. The benefits of utilizing the energy from the Warburg effect may be a difficult task. However, it seems to improve their effectiveness in the osteoblast phenotype by connecting the selected pathways such as WNT, Notch, AKT, and Insulin signaling by targeting osteocalcin resulting in phenotypic alteration. Osteocalcin directs ATP utilization through the sclerostin SOST gene in the bone microenvironment. Thus, selective activation of ATP production involved in osteoblast maturation remains a prime strategy to fight osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| | - Siang-Jyun Chen
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul-624003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, -603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
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26
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Thapa S, Nandy A, Rendina-Ruedy E. Endocrinal metabolic regulation on the skeletal system in post-menopausal women. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1052429. [PMID: 36439254 PMCID: PMC9691779 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1052429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common endocrinologic disorder characterized as a chronic bone loss condition. Sexual dimorphism is ubiquitous in the incidence of osteoporosis with post-menopausal women being acutely affected. Gonadal sex hormones including estrogen act as crucial regulators of bone mass; therefore, loss of such hormones leads to an imbalance in skeletal turnover leading to osteoporosis. Estrogen can influence both bone formation as well as resorption by reducing osteoblast activity and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, estrogen is a potent regulator of systemic metabolism. Recent studies have provided clues that estrogenic effect on bone might also involve alterations in bone cell metabolism and bioenergetic potential. While direct effects of gonadal hormones ability to alter intracellular metabolism of bone cells has not been studied, there is precedence within the literature that this is occurring and contributing to post-menopausal bone loss. This review aims to serve as a perspective piece detailing the prospective role of gonadal hormones regulating bone cell metabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ananya Nandy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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27
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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Wu M, Chen G. Wnt signaling: essential roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone metabolism and therapeutic implications for bone and skeletal disorders. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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28
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Zhu M, Fan Z. The role of the Wnt signalling pathway in the energy metabolism of bone remodelling. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13309. [PMID: 35811348 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone remodelling is necessary to repair old and impaired bone caused by aging and its effects. Injury in the process of bone remodelling generally leads to the development of various bone diseases. Energy metabolism plays crucial roles in bone cell formation and function, the disorder of which will disrupt the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we review the intrinsic interactions between bone remodelling and energy metabolism and the role of the Wnt signalling pathway. RESULTS We found a close interplay between metabolic pathways and bone homeostasis, demonstrating that bone plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance. We also discovered that Wnt signalling is associated with multiple biological processes regulating energy metabolism in bone cells. CONCLUSIONS Thus, targeted regulation of Wnt signalling and the recovery of the energy metabolism function of bone cells are key means for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Tlili M, Acevedo H, Descoteaux A, Germain M, Heinonen KM. Cell-intrinsic Wnt4 ligand regulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102193. [PMID: 35764169 PMCID: PMC9352913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages respond to their environment by adopting a predominantly inflammatory or anti-inflammatory profile, depending on the context. The polarization of the subsequent response is regulated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic signals and is associated with alterations in macrophage metabolism. Although macrophages are important producers of Wnt ligands, the role of Wnt signaling in regulating metabolic changes associated with macrophage polarization remains unclear. Wnt4 upregulation has been shown to be associated with tissue repair and suppression of age-associated inflammation, which led us to generate Wnt4-deficient bone marrow–derived macrophages to investigate its role in metabolism. We show that loss of Wnt4 led to modified mitochondrial structure, enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, and depleted intracellular lipid reserves, as the cells depended on fatty acid oxidation to fuel their mitochondria. Further we found that enhanced lipolysis was dependent on protein kinase C–mediated activation of lysosomal acid lipase in Wnt4-deficient bone marrow–derived macrophages. Although not irreversible, these metabolic changes promoted parasite survival during infection with Leishmania donovani. In conclusion, our results indicate that enhanced macrophage fatty acid oxidation impairs the control of intracellular pathogens, such as Leishmania. We further suggest that Wnt4 may represent a potential target in atherosclerosis, which is characterized by lipid storage in macrophages leading to them becoming foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Tlili
- Institut national de recherche scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval H7V 1B7, CANADA
| | - Hamlet Acevedo
- Institut national de recherche scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval H7V 1B7, CANADA
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- Institut national de recherche scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval H7V 1B7, CANADA
| | - Marc Germain
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, CANADA; Centre d'Excellence de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Montreal, CANADA; Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec, Université du Québec, Quebec, CANADA
| | - Krista M Heinonen
- Institut national de recherche scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval H7V 1B7, CANADA; Centre d'Excellence de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Montreal, CANADA.
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30
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Liu Z, Li B, Hu H, Li X, Zhang X. Potential of RNA-binding protein human antigen R as a driver of osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:234. [PMID: 35414004 PMCID: PMC9003960 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has correlated the human antigen R (HuR) with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) gene, an important therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Herein, we sought to probe the regulatory role of HuR in the LRP6 gene and their interaction in the progression of osteoporosis. Methods HuR and downstream potential target genes were predicted by bioinformatics analysis to identify their potential functions in bone metabolism following osteoporosis. The effect of HuR on the osteoblastic differentiation and viability and apoptosis of mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) was evaluated after artificial modulation of HuR expression. Results Bone phenotypes were observed in ovariectomized mice in response to adenovirus-mediated HuR overexpression. Poor expression of HuR was identified in the bone tissues of ovariectomized mice. Silencing of HuR inhibited the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, as evidenced by decreased expression of Runx2 and Osterix along with reduced ALP activity. Mechanistically, HuR stabilized LRP6 mRNA and promoted its translation by binding to the 3'UTR of LRP6 mRNA, leading to activation of the downstream Wnt pathway. By this mechanism, osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was induced. In ovariectomized mice, overexpression of HuR alleviated osteoporosis-related phenotypes. Conclusion Overall, these data together support the promoting role of HuR in the osteoblastic differentiation, highlighting a potential novel strategy for osteoporosis treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-022-03073-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Baitao Li
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulation of metabolic homeostasis: An old dog teaches us new tricks. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101480. [PMID: 35338013 PMCID: PMC8980887 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late in the nineteenth century, it was theorized that a circulating product produced by the parathyroid glands could negatively impact skeletal homeostasis. A century later, intermittent administration of that protein, namely parathyroid hormone (PTH), was approved by the FDA and EMA as the first anabolic agent to treat osteoporosis. Yet, several unanswered but important questions remain about the skeletal actions of PTH. SCOPE OF REVIEW Current research efforts have focused on improving the efficacy of PTH treatment by designing structural analogs and identifying other targets (e.g., the PTH or the calcium sensing receptor). A unique but only recently described aspect of PTH action is its regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism, namely in bone and adipose tissue but also in other tissues. The current review aims to provide a brief background on PTH's previously described actions on bone and highlights how PTH regulates osteoblast bioenergetics, contributing to greater bone formation. It will also shed light on how PTH could alter metabolic homeostasis through its actions in other cells and tissues, thereby impacting the skeleton in a cell non-autonomous manner. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS PTH administration enhances bone formation by targeting the osteoblast through transcriptional changes in several pathways; the most prominent is via adenyl cyclase and PKA. PTH and its related protein, PTHrP, also induce glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation in bone cells and drive lipolysis and thermogenic programming in adipocytes; the latter may indirectly but positively influence skeletal metabolism. While much work remains, alterations in cellular metabolism may also provide a novel mechanism related to PTH's temporal actions. Thus, the bioenergetic impact of PTH can be considered another of the myriad anabolic effects of PTH on the skeleton. Just as importantly from a translational perspective, the non-skeletal metabolic effects may lead to a better understanding of whole-body homeostasis along with new and improved therapies to treat musculoskeletal conditions.
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32
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Jayapalan S, Nandy A, Rendina-Ruedy E. Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63142. [PMID: 35311813 PMCID: PMC10962472 DOI: 10.3791/63142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone formation by osteoblasts is an essential process for proper bone acquisition and bone turnover to maintain skeletal homeostasis, and ultimately, prevent fracture. In the interest to both optimize peak bone mass and combat various musculoskeletal diseases (i.e., post-menopausal osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa, type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus), incredible efforts have been made in the field of bone biology to fully characterize osteoblasts throughout their differentiation process. Given the primary role of mature osteoblasts to secrete matrix proteins and mineralization vesicles, it has been noted that these processes take an incredible amount of cellular energy, or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The overall cellular energy status is often referred to as cellular bioenergetics, and it includes a series of metabolic reactions that sense substrate availability to derive ATP to meet cellular needs. Therefore, the current method details the process of isolating primary, murine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and monitoring their bioenergetic status using the Real-time cell metabolic flux analyzer at various stages in osteoblast differentiation. Importantly, these data have demonstrated that the metabolic profile changes dramatically throughout osteoblast differentiation. Thus, using this physiologically relevant cell type is required to fully appreciate how a cell's bioenergetic status can regulate the overall function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobana Jayapalan
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Ananya Nandy
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University;
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33
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Song L, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Zhang K, Zhang M. Postnatal deletion of β-catenin in preosteoblasts regulates global energy metabolism through increasing bone resorption and adipose tissue fibrosis. Bone 2022; 156:116320. [PMID: 34973494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Many studies revealed bone can regulate global energy metabolism and our previous study also showed that Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in this process. To better understand the participation of canonical Wnt pathway in energy metabolism, we examined the β-catenin knock-out (β-cat KO) mice by crossing the osterix-cre transgenic mice with β-cateninflox/flox mice. First, we identified that postnatal deletion of β-catenin in preosteoblasts led to decreased fat mass and increased energy expenditure in mice. Osteoprotegerin administration largely rescued the decreased fat mass and partly normalized the energy expenditure accompanied by the inhibition of bone resorption. Anti-resorption with alendronate or RANKL-antibody could also partly rescued the decreased bone mass, decreased fat mass and increased energy expenditure in β-cat KO mice. We further found that the adipose cells in the inguinal fat tissue were smaller and the extracellular matrix components around adipocytes accumulated more in β-cat KO mice than their controls by histomorphology. Gene analysis by RT-PCR showed that the expression of collagen VI is 4.8 folds in adipose tissue of the β-cat KO mice compared with the control mice. We further detected the expression of cytokines which were related to fibrosis and the data showed that the level of TGF-beta1 was elevated in both of bone marrow serum and adipose tissue derived from the β-cat KO mice. After administration of TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibody, the impaired energy metabolism was partly rescued in β-cat KO mice. Besides, anti-resorption treatment and TGF-beta1 antibody could partly suppress the increased expression of genes related to fat tissue fibrosis. These results indicate that the abnormal global energy metabolism in β-cat KO mice may be attributed to increasing bone resorption and adipose tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Huijuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yuhua Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dongjiao Minxiang, West Area, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoblasts are responsible for bone matrix production during bone development and homeostasis. Much is known about the transcriptional regulation and signaling pathways governing osteoblast differentiation. However, less is known about how osteoblasts obtain or utilize nutrients to fulfill the energetic demands associated with osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis. The goal of this review is to highlight and discuss what is known about the role and regulation of bioenergetic metabolism in osteoblasts with a focus on more recent studies. RECENT FINDINGS Bioenergetic metabolism has emerged as an important regulatory node in osteoblasts. Recent studies have begun to identify the major nutrients and bioenergetic pathways favored by osteoblasts as well as their regulation during differentiation. Here, we highlight how osteoblasts obtain and metabolize glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to provide energy and other metabolic intermediates. In addition, we highlight the signals that regulate nutrient uptake and metabolism and focus on how energetic metabolism promotes osteoblast differentiation. Bioenergetic metabolism provides energy and other metabolites that are critical for osteoblast differentiation and activity. This knowledge contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of osteoblast biology and may inform novel strategies to modulate osteoblast differentiation and bone anabolism in patients with bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guoli Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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35
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Ye J, Xiao J, Wang J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Yin H. The Interaction Between Intracellular Energy Metabolism and Signaling Pathways During Osteogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:807487. [PMID: 35155568 PMCID: PMC8832142 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.807487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts primarily mediate bone formation, maintain bone structure, and regulate bone mineralization, which plays an important role in bone remodeling. In the past decades, the roles of cytokines, signaling proteins, and transcription factors in osteoblasts have been widely studied. However, whether the energy metabolism of cells can be regulated by these factors to affect the differentiation and functioning of osteoblasts has not been explored in depth. In addition, the signaling and energy metabolism pathways are not independent but closely connected. Although energy metabolism is mediated by signaling pathways, some intermediates of energy metabolism can participate in protein post-translational modification. The content of intermediates, such as acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine), determines the degree of acetylation and glycosylation in terms of the availability of energy-producing substrates. The utilization of intracellular metabolic resources and cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation are all related to the integration of metabolic and signaling pathways. In this paper, the interaction between the energy metabolism pathway and osteogenic signaling pathway in osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Ye
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jirimutu Xiao
- Mongolian Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Wang, ; Heng Yin,
| | - Yong Ma
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongrui Zhang
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Wang, ; Heng Yin,
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36
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Lin J, Zheng Z, Liu J, Yang G, Leng L, Wang H, Qiu G, Wu Z. LRP5-Mediated Lipid Uptake Modulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:766815. [PMID: 34796178 PMCID: PMC8593169 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.766815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional microenvironment determines the specification of progenitor cells, and lipid availability was found to modulate osteogenesis in skeletal progenitors. Here, we investigated the implications of lipid scarcity in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and the role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), a co-receptor transducing canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signals, in BMSC lipid uptake during osteogenesis. The osteogenic differentiation of murine BMSCs was suppressed by lipid scarcity and partially rescued by additional fatty acid treatment with oleate. The enhancement of osteogenesis by oleate was found to be dosage-dependent, along with the enhanced activation of beta-catenin and Wnt target genes. Conditional knockout (CKO) of Lrp5 gene in murine mesenchymal lineage using Lrp5fl/fl;Prrx1-cre mice led to decreased bone quality and altered fat distribution in vivo. After Lrp5 ablation using adenoviral Cre-recombinase, the accumulation of lipid droplets in BMSC cytoplasm was significantly reduced, and the osteogenesis of BMSCs was suppressed. Moreover, the impaired osteogenesis due to either lipid scarcity or Lrp5 ablation could be rescued by recombinant Wnt3a protein, indicating that the osteogenesis induced by Wnt/beta-catenin signaling was independent of LRP5-mediated lipid uptake. In conclusion, lipid scarcity suppresses BMSC osteogenic differentiation. LRP5 plays a role in the uptake of lipids in BMSCs and therefore mediates osteogenic specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Lin
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifa Zheng
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Yang
- Harmony Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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37
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Shi Y. The investigation of energy metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2021; 39:501-509. [PMID: 34636196 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of bone homeostasis is critical for bone health. It is vulnerable to cause bone loss, even severely osteoporosis when the balance between bone formation and absorption is interrupted. Growing evidence has shown that energy metabolism disorders, such as abnormal glucose metabolism, irregular amino acid metabolism, and aberrant lipid metabolism, can damage bone homeostasis, causing or exacerbating bone mass loss and osteoporosis-related fractures. Here, we summarize the studies of energy metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts and provide a better appreciation of how energy metabolism, especially glucose metabolism maintains bone homeostasis. With this knowledge, new avenues will be unraveled to understand and cue bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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38
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Cooper ID, Brookler KH, Crofts CAP. Rethinking Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1165. [PMID: 34572351 PMCID: PMC8472634 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD), conditions of hyperinsulinaemia, have lower levels of osteocalcin and bone remodelling, and increased rates of fragility fractures. Unlike osteoporosis with lower bone mineral density (BMD), T2DM bone fragility "hyperinsulinaemia-osteofragilitas" phenotype presents with normal to increased BMD. Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance positively associate with increased BMD and fragility fractures. Hyperinsulinaemia enforces glucose fuelling, which decreases NAD+-dependent antioxidant activity. This increases reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial fission, and decreases oxidative phosphorylation high-energy production capacity, required for osteoblasto/cytogenesis. Osteocytes directly mineralise and resorb bone, and inhibit mineralisation of their lacunocanalicular space via pyrophosphate. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases vitamin D availability via adipocyte sequestration, reducing dendrite connectivity, and compromising osteocyte viability. Decreased bone remodelling and micropetrosis ensues. Trapped/entombed magnesium within micropetrosis fossilisation spaces propagates magnesium deficiency (MgD), potentiating hyperinsulinaemia and decreases vitamin D transport. Vitamin D deficiency reduces osteocalcin synthesis and favours osteocyte apoptosis. Carbohydrate restriction/fasting/ketosis increases beta-oxidation, ketolysis, NAD+-dependent antioxidant activity, osteocyte viability and osteocalcin, and decreases excess insulin exposure. Osteocalcin is required for hydroxyapatite alignment, conferring bone structural integrity, decreasing fracture risk and improving metabolic/endocrine homeodynamics. Patients presenting with fracture and normal BMD should be investigated for T2DM and hyperinsulinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella D. Cooper
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Kenneth H. Brookler
- Research Collaborator, Aerospace Medicine and Vestibular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Catherine A. P. Crofts
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0627, New Zealand;
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39
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Kim S, Henneicke H, Cavanagh LL, Macfarlane E, Thai LJ, Foong D, Gasparini SJ, Fong-Yee C, Swarbrick MM, Seibel MJ, Zhou H. Osteoblastic glucocorticoid signaling exacerbates high-fat-diet- induced bone loss and obesity. Bone Res 2021; 9:40. [PMID: 34465731 PMCID: PMC8408138 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption not only promotes obesity and insulin resistance, but also causes bone loss through mechanisms that are not well understood. Here, we fed wild-type CD-1 mice either chow or a HFD (43% of energy from fat) for 18 weeks; HFD-fed mice exhibited decreased trabecular volume (-28%) and cortical thickness (-14%) compared to chow-fed mice. In HFD-fed mice, bone loss was due to reduced bone formation and mineral apposition, without obvious effects on bone resorption. HFD feeding also increased skeletal expression of sclerostin and caused deterioration of the osteocyte lacunocanalicular network (LCN). In mice fed HFD, skeletal glucocorticoid signaling was activated relative to chow-fed mice, independent of serum corticosterone concentrations. We therefore examined whether skeletal glucocorticoid signaling was necessary for HFD-induced bone loss, using transgenic mice lacking glucocorticoid signaling in osteoblasts and osteocytes (HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice). In HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice, bone formation and mineral apposition rates were not suppressed by HFD, and bone loss was significantly attenuated. Interestingly, in HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice fed HFD, both Wnt signaling (less sclerostin induction, increased β-catenin expression) and glucose uptake were significantly increased, relative to diet- and genotype-matched controls. The osteocyte LCN remained intact in HFD-fed HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice. When fed a HFD, HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice also increased their energy expenditure and were protected against obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Therefore, glucocorticoid signaling in osteoblasts and osteocytes contributes to the suppression of bone formation in HFD-fed mice. Skeletal glucocorticoid signaling is also an important determinant of glucose uptake in bone, which influences the whole-body metabolic response to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holger Henneicke
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medicine III, Technische University Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lauryn L Cavanagh
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eugenie Macfarlane
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee Joanne Thai
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daphne Foong
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sylvia J Gasparini
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Colette Fong-Yee
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael M Swarbrick
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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40
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Lv X, Gao F, Li TP, Xue P, Wang X, Wan M, Hu B, Chen H, Jain A, Shao Z, Cao X. Skeleton interoception regulates bone and fat metabolism through hypothalamic neuroendocrine NPY. eLife 2021; 10:e70324. [PMID: 34468315 PMCID: PMC8439655 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system regulates activity of peripheral organs through interoception. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that PGE2/EP4 skeleton interception regulate bone homeostasis. Here, we show that ascending skeleton interoceptive signaling downregulates expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and induce lipolysis of adipose tissue for osteoblastic bone formation. Specifically, the ascending skeleton interoceptive signaling induces expression of small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein (SMILE) in the hypothalamus. SMILE binds to pCREB as a transcriptional heterodimer on Npy promoters to inhibit NPY expression. Knockout of EP4 in sensory nerve increases expression of NPY causing bone catabolism and fat anabolism. Importantly, inhibition of NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) accelerated oxidation of free fatty acids in osteoblasts and rescued bone loss in AvilCre:Ptger4fl/fl mice. Thus, downregulation of hypothalamic NPY expression lipolyzes free fatty acids for anabolic bone formation through a neuroendocrine descending interoceptive regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tuo Peter Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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41
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Yang YY, Zhou YM, Xu JZ, Sun LH, Tao B, Wang WQ, Wang JQ, Zhao HY, Liu JM. Lgr4 promotes aerobic glycolysis and differentiation in osteoblasts via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1605-1620. [PMID: 33950533 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lgr4, a G-protein-coupled receptor, is associated with various physiological and pathological processes including oncogenesis, energy metabolism, and bone remodeling. However, whether Lgr4 is involved in osteoblasts' metabolism is not clear. Here we uncover that in preosteoblast cell line, lacking Lgr4 results in decreased osteogenic function along with reduced glucose consumption, glucose uptake, and lactate production in the presence of abundant oxygen, which is referred to as aerobic glycolysis. Activating canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling rescued the glycolytic dysfunction. Lgr4 promotes the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (pdk1) and is abolished by interfering canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mice lacking Lgr4 specifically in osteoblasts (Lgr4osb-/- ) exhibit decreased bone mass and strength due to reduced bone formation. Additionally, glycolysis of osteoblasts is impaired in Lgr4osb-/- mice. Our study reveals a novel function of Lgr4 in regulating the cellular metabolism of osteoblasts. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Man Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Zun Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hao Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Tao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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42
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Miallot R, Galland F, Millet V, Blay JY, Naquet P. Metabolic landscapes in sarcomas. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:114. [PMID: 34294128 PMCID: PMC8296645 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring offers novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Until recently, there was scant information regarding soft tissue sarcomas, due to their heterogeneous tissue origin, histological definition and underlying genetic history. Novel large-scale genomic and metabolomics approaches are now helping stratify their physiopathology. In this review, we show how various genetic alterations skew activation pathways and orient metabolic rewiring in sarcomas. We provide an update on the contribution of newly described mechanisms of metabolic regulation. We underscore mechanisms that are relevant to sarcomagenesis or shared with other cancers. We then discuss how diverse metabolic landscapes condition the tumor microenvironment, anti-sarcoma immune responses and prognosis. Finally, we review current attempts to control sarcoma growth using metabolite-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Miallot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Millet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 1, Lyon Recherche Innovation contre le Cancer, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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43
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Tencerova M, Ferencakova M, Kassem M. Bone marrow adipose tissue: Role in bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101545. [PMID: 33966979 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has been considered for several decades as a silent bystander that fills empty space left in bone marrow following age-related decrease in hematopoiesis. However, recently new discoveries revealed BMAT as a secretory and metabolically active organ contributing to bone and whole-body energy metabolism. BMAT exhibits metabolic functions distinct from extramedullary adipose depots, relevant to its role in regulation of energy metabolism and its contribution to fracture risk observed in metabolic bone diseases. This review discusses novel insights of BMAT with particular emphasis on its contribution to the regulation of bone homeostasis. We also discuss the role of BMAT in regulation of fuel utilization and energy use that affect skeletal stem cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Ferencakova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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Sherk VD, Heveran CM, Foright RM, Johnson GC, Presby DM, Ferguson VL, MacLean PS. Sex differences in the effect of diet, obesity, and exercise on bone quality and fracture toughness. Bone 2021; 145:115840. [PMID: 33418101 PMCID: PMC11313485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone fragility and obesity are both diseases that are multifactorial in etiology and pathology. The contributing role of high fat diet (HFD) versus energy overconsumption on bone health is controversial. Exercise is often prescribed for improving bone health, but it is unclear whether HFD or overconsumption influences skeletal adaptations to exercise. Female and male Wistar rats were fed HFD or low fat diet (LFD) for 10 weeks, starting at 8 weeks of age. Within HFD, rats were labeled Obesity-Resistant (OR) or Obesity-Prone (OP) based on weight and fat gain. Within each diet and phenotype group, rats were randomized to treadmill exercise or sedentary control (SED) for the final 4 weeks. Femurs were assessed for fracture toughness. Cortical lamellar and nonlamellar bone microscale material behavior and chemistry were assessed using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. Female bones had higher fracture toughness and mineral: matrix ratio than male bones. Diet and energy overconsumption affected bone characteristics in a sex-dependent manner, where the divergence between OP and OR in response to HFD occurred more rapidly in males. Diet composition, in general, had a stronger effect on bone quality than overconsumption. HFD dramatically decreased bone size and lamellar mineral:matrix compared to LFD. Effects of short-term exercise training on microscale tissue properties were generally more robust with LFD. Exercise enhanced the contrast between lamellar and nonlamellar bone for nanoindentation modulus but decreased this contrast for plastic work. Our data demonstrate the complexities in the relationship between diet and obesity and highlight the importance of addressing both aspects when characterizing bone quality and fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Chelsea M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - David M Presby
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; (5)BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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45
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to highlight the need for new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, especially osteoporosis and sarcopenia. These conditions are characterized by loss of bone and muscle mass, respectively, leading to functional deterioration and the development of disabilities. Advances in high-resolution lipidomics platforms are being used to help identify new lipid biomarkers for these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS It is now well established that bone and muscle have important endocrine functions, including the release of bioactive factors in response to mechanical and biochemical stimuli. Bioactive lipids are a prominent set of these factors and some of these lipids are directly related to the mass and function of bone and muscle. Recent lipidomics studies have shown significant dysregulation of lipids in aged muscle and bone, including alterations in diacylglycerols and ceramides. Studies have shown that alterations in some types of plasma lipids are associated with aging including reduced bone mineral density and the occurrence of osteoporosis. Musculoskeletal disorders are a major burden in our society, especially for older adults. The development and application of new lipidomics methods is making significant advances in identifying new biomarkers for these diseases. These studies will not only lead to improved detection, but new mechanistic insights that could lead to new therapeutic targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Mo
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Yating Du
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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46
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Sinnott-Armstrong N, Sousa IS, Laber S, Rendina-Ruedy E, Nitter Dankel SE, Ferreira T, Mellgren G, Karasik D, Rivas M, Pritchard J, Guntur AR, Cox RD, Lindgren CM, Hauner H, Sallari R, Rosen CJ, Hsu YH, Lander ES, Kiel DP, Claussnitzer M. A regulatory variant at 3q21.1 confers an increased pleiotropic risk for hyperglycemia and altered bone mineral density. Cell Metab 2021; 33:615-628.e13. [PMID: 33513366 PMCID: PMC7928941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal and glycemic traits have shared etiology, but the underlying genetic factors remain largely unknown. To identify genetic loci that may have pleiotropic effects, we studied Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for bone mineral density and glycemic traits and identified a bivariate risk locus at 3q21. Using sequence and epigenetic modeling, we prioritized an adenylate cyclase 5 (ADCY5) intronic causal variant, rs56371916. This SNP changes the binding affinity of SREBP1 and leads to differential ADCY5 gene expression, altering the chromatin landscape from poised to repressed. These alterations result in bone- and type 2 diabetes-relevant cell-autonomous changes in lipid metabolism in osteoblasts and adipocytes. We validated our findings by directly manipulating the regulator SREBP1, the target gene ADCY5, and the variant rs56371916, which together imply a novel link between fatty acid oxidation and osteoblast differentiation. Our work, by systematic functional dissection of pleiotropic GWAS loci, represents a framework to uncover biological mechanisms affecting pleiotropic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cell Circuits and Epigenomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 CA, USA
| | - Isabel S Sousa
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Samantha Laber
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cell Circuits and Epigenomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Simon E Nitter Dankel
- University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gunnar Mellgren
- University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA; Faculty of Medicine of the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Manuel Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 CA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Roger D Cox
- Medical Research Council Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group "Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes" of the German Center of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Richard Sallari
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cell Circuits and Epigenomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cell Circuits and Epigenomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA; University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Science, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
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47
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Merlotti D, Cosso R, Eller-Vainicher C, Vescini F, Chiodini I, Gennari L, Falchetti A. Energy Metabolism and Ketogenic Diets: What about the Skeletal Health? A Narrative Review and a Prospective Vision for Planning Clinical Trials on this Issue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010435. [PMID: 33406758 PMCID: PMC7796307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a common mesenchymal cell progenitor shared by bone, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes cell progenitors, makes the role of the skeleton in energy metabolism no longer surprising. Thus, bone fragility could also be seen as a consequence of a “poor” quality in nutrition. Ketogenic diet was originally proven to be effective in epilepsy, and long-term follow-up studies on epileptic children undergoing a ketogenic diet reported an increased incidence of bone fractures and decreased bone mineral density. However, the causes of such negative impacts on bone health have to be better defined. In these subjects, the concomitant use of antiepileptic drugs and the reduced mobilization may partly explain the negative effects on bone health, but little is known about the effects of diet itself, and/or generic alterations in vitamin D and/or impaired growth factor production. Despite these remarks, clinical studies were adequately designed to investigate bone health are scarce and bone health related aspects are not included among the various metabolic pathologies positively influenced by ketogenic diets. Here, we provide not only a narrative review on this issue, but also practical advice to design and implement clinical studies on ketogenic nutritional regimens and bone health outcomes. Perspectives on ketogenic regimens, microbiota, microRNAs, and bone health are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Roberta Cosso
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Cristina Eller-Vainicher
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Fabio Vescini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
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48
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van Gastel N, Carmeliet G. Metabolic regulation of skeletal cell fate and function in physiology and disease. Nat Metab 2021; 3:11-20. [PMID: 33398192 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is diverse in its functions, which include mechanical support, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage and endocrine regulation. This multifaceted role is achieved through an interplay of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, bone marrow adipocytes and stromal cells, all generated from skeletal stem cells. Emerging evidence shows the importance of cellular metabolism in the molecular control of the skeletal system. The different skeletal cell types not only have distinct metabolic demands relating to their particular functions but also are affected by microenvironmental constraints. Specific metabolites control skeletal stem cell maintenance, direct lineage allocation and mediate cellular communication. Here, we discuss recent findings on the roles of cellular metabolism in determining skeletal stem cell fate, coordinating osteoblast and chondrocyte function, and organizing stromal support of haematopoiesis. We also consider metabolic dysregulation in skeletal ageing and degenerative diseases, and provide an outlook on how the field may evolve in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick van Gastel
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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49
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Little-Letsinger SE, Pagnotti GM, McGrath C, Styner M. Exercise and Diet: Uncovering Prospective Mediators of Skeletal Fragility in Bone and Marrow Adipose Tissue. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:774-789. [PMID: 33068251 PMCID: PMC7736569 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recent basic, translational, and clinical works demonstrating exercise and diet regulation of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and bone and how this informs current understanding of the relationship between marrow adiposity and musculoskeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS Marrow adipocytes accumulate in the bone in the setting of not only hypercaloric intake (calorie excess; e.g., diet-induced obesity) but also with hypocaloric intake (calorie restriction; e.g., anorexia), despite the fact that these states affect bone differently. With hypercaloric intake, bone quantity is largely unaffected, whereas with hypocaloric intake, bone quantity and quality are greatly diminished. Voluntary running exercise in rodents was found to lower MAT and promote bone in eucaloric and hypercaloric states, while degrading bone in hypocaloric states, suggesting differential modulation of MAT and bone, dependent upon whole-body energy status. Energy status alters bone metabolism and bioenergetics via substrate availability or excess, which plays a key role in the response of bone and MAT to mechanical stimuli. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a fat depot with a potential role in-as well as responsivity to-whole-body energy metabolism. Understanding the localized function of this depot in bone cell bioenergetics and substrate storage, principally in the exercised state, will aid to uncover putative therapeutic targets for skeletal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Gabriel M Pagnotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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50
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Ramesh T. Osteogenic differentiation potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhanced by bacoside-A. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:148-158. [PMID: 33137853 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is growing rapidly to treat numerous diseases including bone-associated diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are most commonly preferred to treat bone diseases because it possesses high osteogenic potency. Though, to obtain maximum osteogenic efficiency of MSCs is challenging. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the osteogenic efficiency of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) by bacoside-A. This study was investigated the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and expressions of the genes specific to osteogenic regulation mainly runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type Iα1 (Col I α1) in hBMSCs cultured under osteogenic conditions at different concentrations of bacoside-A for 14 days. The results of this study depicted significant upregulation in the activity of ALP and expressions of osteogenic regulator genes in bacoside-A treated cells when compared with control cells. Besides, expressions of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Wnt/β-catenin were evaluated; these expressions were also significantly increased in bacoside-A treated cells when compared with control cells. This result provides a further supporting evidence of bacoside-A role on osteogenesis in hBMSCs. The present study suggest that bacoside-A will be applied to ameliorate the process of osteogenesis in hBMSCs to repair damaged bone structure during MSC-based therapy; this will be an excellent and auspicious treatment for bone-associated disorders including osteoporosis. Significance of the study Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disorder characterized by an imbalance between the activity of osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption that disrupts the bone microarchitecture. Current anti-osteoporotic drugs are inhibiting bone resorption, but they are unable to restore the bone structure due to extreme bone remodelling process and causes numerous side effects. The finding of natural bioactive compounds with osteogenic property is very essential for osteoporosis treatment. This study was reported that bacoside-A ameliorated osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through upregulation of osteogenic differentiation genes and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. This result is indicating that bacoside-A may be useful for osteoporosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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