1
|
Maudsley S, Schrauwen C, Harputluoğlu İ, Walter D, Leysen H, McDonald P. GPR19 Coordinates Multiple Molecular Aspects of Stress Responses Associated with the Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108499. [PMID: 37239845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a significant role in controlling biological paradigms such as aging and aging-related disease. We have previously identified receptor signaling systems that are specifically associated with controlling molecular pathologies associated with the aging process. Here, we have identified a pseudo-orphan GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor 19 (GPR19), that is sensitive to many molecular aspects of the aging process. Through an in-depth molecular investigation process that involved proteomic, molecular biological, and advanced informatic experimentation, this study found that the functionality of GPR19 is specifically linked to sensory, protective, and remedial signaling systems associated with aging-related pathology. This study suggests that the activity of this receptor may play a role in mitigating the effects of aging-related pathology by promoting protective and remedial signaling systems. GPR19 expression variation demonstrates variability in the molecular activity in this larger process. At low expression levels in HEK293 cells, GPR19 expression regulates signaling paradigms linked with stress responses and metabolic responses to these. At higher expression levels, GPR19 expression co-regulates systems involved in sensing and repairing DNA damage, while at the highest levels of GPR19 expression, a functional link to processes of cellular senescence is seen. In this manner, GPR19 may function as a coordinator of aging-associated metabolic dysfunction, stress response, DNA integrity management, and eventual senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Claudia Schrauwen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - İrem Harputluoğlu
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Deborah Walter
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Metabolism & Physiology, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc. Research & Development, 2445 Technology Forest, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shirokova O, Zaborskaya O, Pchelin P, Kozliaeva E, Pershin V, Mukhina I. Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020195. [PMID: 36831738 PMCID: PMC9954625 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, much of the attention paid to theoretical and applied biomedicine, as well as neurobiology, has been drawn to various aspects of sexual dimorphism due to the differences that male and female brain cells demonstrate during aging: (a) a dimorphic pattern of response to therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, (b) different age of onset and different degrees of the prevalence of such disorders, and (c) differences in their symptomatic manifestations in men and women. The purpose of this review is to outline the genetic and epigenetic differences in brain cells during aging in males and females. As a result, we hereby show that the presence of brain aging patterns in males and females is due to a complex of factors associated with the effects of sex chromosomes, which subsequently entails a change in signal cascades in somatic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Shirokova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga Zaborskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Pavel Pchelin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603002, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Kozliaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir Pershin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603002, Russia
| | - Irina Mukhina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603002, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maudsley S, Walter D, Schrauwen C, Van Loon N, Harputluoğlu İ, Lenaerts J, McDonald P. Intersection of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR19, with the Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113598. [PMID: 36362387 PMCID: PMC9653598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the most functionally diverse classes of transmembrane proteins. GPCRs and their associated signaling systems have been linked to nearly every physiological process. They also constitute nearly 40% of the current pharmacopeia as direct targets of remedial therapies. Hence, their place as a functional nexus in the interface between physiological and pathophysiological processes suggests that GPCRs may play a central role in the generation of nearly all types of human disease. Perhaps one mechanism through which GPCRs can mediate this pivotal function is through the control of the molecular aging process. It is now appreciated that, indeed, many human disorders/diseases are induced by GPCR signaling processes linked to pathological aging. Here we discuss one such novel member of the GPCR family, GPR19, that may represent an important new target for novel remedial strategies for the aging process. The molecular signaling pathways (metabolic control, circadian rhythm regulation and stress responsiveness) associated with this recently characterized receptor suggest an important role in aging-related disease etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Deborah Walter
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Claudia Schrauwen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Nore Van Loon
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - İrem Harputluoğlu
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Julia Lenaerts
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Relaxin-3 Receptor, RXFP3, Is a Modulator of Aging-Related Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084387. [PMID: 35457203 PMCID: PMC9027355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the aging process our body becomes less well equipped to deal with cellular stress, resulting in an increase in unrepaired damage. This causes varying degrees of impaired functionality and an increased risk of mortality. One of the most effective anti-aging strategies involves interventions that combine simultaneous glucometabolic support with augmented DNA damage protection/repair. Thus, it seems prudent to develop therapeutic strategies that target this combinatorial approach. Studies have shown that the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase activating protein GIT2 (GIT2) acts as a keystone protein in the aging process. GIT2 can control both DNA repair and glucose metabolism. Through in vivo co-regulation analyses it was found that GIT2 forms a close coexpression-based relationship with the relaxin-3 receptor (RXFP3). Cellular RXFP3 expression is directly affected by DNA damage and oxidative stress. Overexpression or stimulation of this receptor, by its endogenous ligand relaxin 3 (RLN3), can regulate the DNA damage response and repair processes. Interestingly, RLN3 is an insulin-like peptide and has been shown to control multiple disease processes linked to aging mechanisms, e.g., anxiety, depression, memory dysfunction, appetite, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Here we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the various roles of RXFP3/RLN3 signaling in aging and age-related disorders.
Collapse
|
5
|
Leysen H, Walter D, Christiaenssen B, Vandoren R, Harputluoğlu İ, Van Loon N, Maudsley S. GPCRs Are Optimal Regulators of Complex Biological Systems and Orchestrate the Interface between Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413387. [PMID: 34948182 PMCID: PMC8708147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GPCRs arguably represent the most effective current therapeutic targets for a plethora of diseases. GPCRs also possess a pivotal role in the regulation of the physiological balance between healthy and pathological conditions; thus, their importance in systems biology cannot be underestimated. The molecular diversity of GPCR signaling systems is likely to be closely associated with disease-associated changes in organismal tissue complexity and compartmentalization, thus enabling a nuanced GPCR-based capacity to interdict multiple disease pathomechanisms at a systemic level. GPCRs have been long considered as controllers of communication between tissues and cells. This communication involves the ligand-mediated control of cell surface receptors that then direct their stimuli to impact cell physiology. Given the tremendous success of GPCRs as therapeutic targets, considerable focus has been placed on the ability of these therapeutics to modulate diseases by acting at cell surface receptors. In the past decade, however, attention has focused upon how stable multiprotein GPCR superstructures, termed receptorsomes, both at the cell surface membrane and in the intracellular domain dictate and condition long-term GPCR activities associated with the regulation of protein expression patterns, cellular stress responses and DNA integrity management. The ability of these receptorsomes (often in the absence of typical cell surface ligands) to control complex cellular activities implicates them as key controllers of the functional balance between health and disease. A greater understanding of this function of GPCRs is likely to significantly augment our ability to further employ these proteins in a multitude of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - Deborah Walter
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - Bregje Christiaenssen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - Romi Vandoren
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - İrem Harputluoğlu
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Nore Van Loon
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coppens V, De Wachter O, Goossens J, Hendrix J, Maudsley S, Azmi A, van Gastel J, Van Saet A, Lauwers T, Morrens M. Profiling of the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proteome in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders for the Discovery of Discriminatory Biomarkers: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:324-334. [PMID: 32392557 DOI: 10.1159/000507631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current diagnoses in psychiatry are solely based on the evaluation of clinical presentation by the treating psychiatrist. This results in a high percentage of misdiagnosis and consequential inefficient treatment; especially regarding major depressive disorder (MDD), depression in the context of bipolar disorder (BD-D), bipolar disorder with manic symptoms (BD-M), and psychosis in the context of schizophrenia (SZ). Objective biomarkers allowing for accurate discriminatory diagnostics are therefore urgently needed. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proteomes of patients with MDD (n = 5) , BD-D (n = 3), BD-M (n = 4), and SZ (n = 4), and also of healthy controls (HC; n = 6) were analyzed by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry. Proteins with a differential expression of a >2 standard deviation (SD) expression fold change from that of the HC and between either MDD versus BD-D or BD-M versus SZ were subsequently identified as potential discriminatory biomarkers. RESULTS In total, 4,271 individual proteins were retrieved from the HC. Of these, about 2,800 were detected in all patient and HC samples. For objective discrimination between MDD and BD-D, 66 candidate biomarkers were found. In parallel, 72 proteins might harbor a biomarker capacity for differential diagnostics of BD-M and SZ. A single biomarker was contraregulated versus HC in each pair of comparisons. DISCUSSION With this work, we provide a register of candidate biomarkers with the potential to objectively discriminate MDD from BD-D, and BD-M from SZ. Although concerning a proof-of-concept study with limited sample size, these data provide a stepping-stone for follow-up research on the validation of the true discriminatory potential and feasibility of clinical implementation of the discovered biomarker candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violette Coppens
- Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, .,Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Duffel, Belgium,
| | - Oskar De Wachter
- Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Jobbe Goossens
- Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Jolien Hendrix
- Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdelkrim Azmi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alysia Van Saet
- Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Tina Lauwers
- Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Scientific Initiative for Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hendrickx JO, van Gastel J, Leysen H, Martin B, Maudsley S. High-dimensionality Data Analysis of Pharmacological Systems Associated with Complex Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:191-217. [PMID: 31843941 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that molecular reductionist views of highly complex human physiologic activity, e.g., the aging process, as well as therapeutic drug efficacy are largely oversimplifications. Currently some of the most effective appreciation of biologic disease and drug response complexity is achieved using high-dimensionality (H-D) data streams from transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomics, or epigenomic pipelines. Multiple H-D data sets are now common and freely accessible for complex diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Over the last decade our ability to interrogate these high-dimensionality data streams has been profoundly enhanced through the development and implementation of highly effective bioinformatic platforms. Employing these computational approaches to understand the complexity of age-related diseases provides a facile mechanism to then synergize this pathologic appreciation with a similar level of understanding of therapeutic-mediated signaling. For informative pathology and drug-based analytics that are able to generate meaningful therapeutic insight across diverse data streams, novel informatics processes such as latent semantic indexing and topological data analyses will likely be important. Elucidation of H-D molecular disease signatures from diverse data streams will likely generate and refine new therapeutic strategies that will be designed with a cognizance of a realistic appreciation of the complexity of human age-related disease and drug effects. We contend that informatic platforms should be synergistic with more advanced chemical/drug and phenotypic cellular/tissue-based analytical predictive models to assist in either de novo drug prioritization or effective repurposing for the intervention of aging-related diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: All diseases, as well as pharmacological mechanisms, are far more complex than previously thought a decade ago. With the advent of commonplace access to technologies that produce large volumes of high-dimensionality data (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), it is now imperative that effective tools to appreciate this highly nuanced data are developed. Being able to appreciate the subtleties of high-dimensionality data will allow molecular pharmacologists to develop the most effective multidimensional therapeutics with effectively engineered efficacy profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O Hendrickx
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lim R, Lappas M. GIT2 deficiency attenuates inflammation-induced expression of pro-labor mediators in human amnion and myometrial cells†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1617-1629. [PMID: 30915469 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Untimely activation of the inflammatory response by sterile or infective insults in uterine tissues can result in preterm birth. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathogenic activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate a biochemical cascade of events leading to myometrial activation and contractility, cervical dilatation, and rupture of the chorioamniotic membranes. GIT2 is a signaling protein known to play a role in innate and adaptive immunity; however, its role in the inflammatory pathways of human labor is not known. In this article, we report that GIT2 expression is lower in human myometrium and fetal membranes with term labor, and in preterm amnion with histological chorioamnionitis. GIT2 knockdown by siRNA in primary myometrial and amnion cells exhibited reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to inflammatory challenge by cytokines or TLR ligands. In addition, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1B and TNF could not induce the expression of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes in GIT2-deficient amnion cells. Myometrial activation in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines was also significantly suppressed in GIT2-deficient cells as evidenced by decreased prostaglandin release and expression of contraction-associated proteins. Further to this, collagen gel assays demonstrated that TNF had a reduced ability to induce myometrial contractility in situ in GIT2-deficient myometrial cells compared to control-transfected cells. In summary, the loss of GIT2 diminishes the effects inflammatory mediators have in promoting myometrial contraction and fetal membrane rupture in vitro, suggesting that GIT2 could be a possible target for preterm birth therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Lim
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Multiple interventions in the aging process have been discovered to extend the healthspan of model organisms. Both industry and academia are therefore exploring possible transformative molecules that target aging and age-associated diseases. In this overview, we summarize the presented talks and discussion points of the 5th Annual Aging and Drug Discovery Forum 2018 in Basel, Switzerland. Here academia and industry came together, to discuss the latest progress and issues in aging research. The meeting covered talks about the mechanistic cause of aging, how longevity signatures may be highly conserved, emerging biomarkers of aging, possible interventions in the aging process and the use of artificial intelligence for aging research and drug discovery. Importantly, a consensus is emerging both in industry and academia, that molecules able to intervene in the aging process may contain the potential to transform both societies and healthcare.
Collapse
|
10
|
van Gastel J, Leysen H, Santos-Otte P, Hendrickx JO, Azmi A, Martin B, Maudsley S. The RXFP3 receptor is functionally associated with cellular responses to oxidative stress and DNA damage. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11268-11313. [PMID: 31794429 PMCID: PMC6932917 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) processes, often caused by oxidative stress, are important in aging and -related disorders. We recently showed that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase interacting protein 2 (GIT2) plays a key role in both DNA damage and oxidative stress. Multiple tissue analyses in GIT2KO mice demonstrated that GIT2 expression affects the GPCR relaxin family peptide 3 receptor (RXFP3), and is thus a therapeutically-targetable system. RXFP3 and GIT2 play similar roles in metabolic aging processes. Gaining a detailed understanding of the RXFP3-GIT2 functional relationship could aid the development of novel anti-aging therapies. We determined the connection between RXFP3 and GIT2 by investigating the role of RXFP3 in oxidative stress and DDR. Analyzing the effects of oxidizing (H2O2) and DNA-damaging (camptothecin) stressors on the interacting partners of RXFP3 using Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry, we found multiple proteins linked to DDR and cell cycle control. RXFP3 expression increased in response to DNA damage, overexpression, and Relaxin 3-mediated stimulation of RXFP3 reduced phosphorylation of DNA damage marker H2AX, and repair protein BRCA1, moderating DNA damage. Our data suggests an RXFP3-GIT2 system that could regulate cellular degradation after DNA damage, and could be a novel mechanism for mitigating the rate of age-related damage accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jhana O Hendrickx
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdelkrim Azmi
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Veterinary and Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Multidimensional informatic deconvolution defines gender-specific roles of hypothalamic GIT2 in aging trajectories. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 184:111150. [PMID: 31574270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In most species, females live longer than males. An understanding of this female longevity advantage will likely uncover novel anti-aging therapeutic targets. Here we investigated the transcriptomic responses in the hypothalamus - a key organ for somatic aging control - to the introduction of a simple aging-related molecular perturbation, i.e. GIT2 heterozygosity. Our previous work has demonstrated that GIT2 acts as a network controller of aging. A similar number of both total (1079-female, 1006-male) and gender-unique (577-female, 527-male) transcripts were significantly altered in response to GIT2 heterozygosity in early life-stage (2 month-old) mice. Despite a similar volume of transcriptomic disruption in females and males, a considerably stronger dataset coherency and functional annotation representation was observed for females. It was also evident that female mice possessed a greater resilience to pro-aging signaling pathways compared to males. Using a highly data-dependent natural language processing informatics pipeline, we identified novel functional data clusters that were connected by a coherent group of multifunctional transcripts. From these it was clear that females prioritized metabolic activity preservation compared to males to mitigate this pro-aging perturbation. These findings were corroborated by somatic metabolism analyses of living animals, demonstrating the efficacy of our new informatics pipeline.
Collapse
|
12
|
Santos-Otte P, Leysen H, van Gastel J, Hendrickx JO, Martin B, Maudsley S. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Systems and Their Role in Cellular Senescence. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1265-1277. [PMID: 31921393 PMCID: PMC6944711 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process that is inevitable for nearly all organisms. Aging is the strongest risk factor for development of multiple neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Age-related disease conditions are mainly caused by the progressive degradation of the integrity of communication systems within and between organs. This is in part mediated by, i) decreased efficiency of receptor signaling systems and ii) an increasing inability to cope with stress leading to apoptosis and cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is a natural process during embryonic development, more recently it has been shown to be also involved in the development of aging disorders and is now considered one of the major hallmarks of aging. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a superfamily of integral membrane receptors that are responsible for cell signaling events involved in nearly every physiological process. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of GPCR signaling complexity have expanded their therapeutic capacity tremendously. Emerging data now suggests the involvement of GPCRs and their associated proteins in the development of cellular senescence. With the proven efficacy of therapeutic GPCR targeting, it is reasonable to now consider GPCRs as potential platforms to control cellular senescence and the consequently, age-related disorders.
Collapse
Key Words
- ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein, (Arf-GAP)
- AT1R blockers, (ARB)
- Aging
- Angiotensin II, (Ang II)
- Ataxia telangiectasia mutated, (ATM)
- Cellular senescence
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2 (GIT2)
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2, (GIT2)
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase, (GRK)
- G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
- G protein-coupled receptors, (GPCRs)
- Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, (HGPS)
- Lysophosphatidic acid, (LPA)
- Regulator of G-protein signaling, (RGS)
- Relaxin family receptor 3, (RXFP3)
- active state, (R*)
- angiotensin type 1 receptor, (AT1R)
- angiotensin type 2 receptor, (AT2R)
- beta2-adrenergic receptor, (β2AR)
- cyclin-dependent kinase 2, (CDK2)
- cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1, (cdkn1A/p21)
- endothelial cell differentiation gene, (Edg)
- inactive state, (R)
- latent semantic indexing, (LSI)
- mitogen-activated protein kinase, (MAPK)
- nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, (NF- κβ)
- protein kinases, (PK)
- purinergic receptors family, (P2Y)
- renin-angiotensin system, (RAS)
- retinoblastoma, (RB)
- senescence associated secretory phenotype, (SASP)
- stress-induced premature senescence, (SIPS)
- transcription factor E2F3, (E2F3)
- transmembrane, (TM)
- tumor suppressor gene PTEN, (PTEN)
- tumor suppressor protein 53, (p53)
- vascular smooth muscle cells, (VSMC)
- β-Arrestin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Santos-Otte
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jhana O. Hendrickx
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Image-guided phenotyping of ovariectomized mice: altered functional connectivity, cognition, myelination, and dopaminergic functionality. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 74:77-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
14
|
Quantifying site-specific chromatin mechanics and DNA damage response. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18084. [PMID: 30591710 PMCID: PMC6308236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks pose a direct threat to genomic stability. Studies of DNA damage and chromatin dynamics have yielded opposing results that support either increased or decreased chromatin motion after damage. In this study, we independently measure the dynamics of transcriptionally active or repressed chromatin regions using particle tracking microrheology. We find that the baseline motion of transcriptionally repressed regions of chromatin are significantly less mobile than transcriptionally active chromatin, which is statistically similar to the bulk motion of chromatin within the nucleus. Site specific DNA damage using KillerRed tags induced in loci within repressed chromatin causes an increased motion, while loci within transcriptionally active regions remains unchanged at similar time scales. We also observe a time-dependent response associated with a further increase in chromatin decondensation. Global induction of damage with bleocin displays similar trends of chromatin decondensation and increased mobility only at 53BP1-labeled damage sites but not at non-damaged sites, indicating that chromatin dynamics are tightly regulated locally after damage. These results shed light on the evolution of the local and global DNA damage response associated with chromatin remodeling and dynamics, with direct implications for their role in repair.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hendrickx JO, van Gastel J, Leysen H, Santos-Otte P, Premont RT, Martin B, Maudsley S. GRK5 - A Functional Bridge Between Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1484. [PMID: 30618771 PMCID: PMC6304357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex aging-triggered disorders are multifactorial programs that comprise a myriad of alterations in interconnected protein networks over a broad range of tissues. It is evident that rather than being randomly organized events, pathophysiologies that possess a strong aging component such as cardiovascular diseases (hypertensions, atherosclerosis, and vascular stiffening) and neurodegenerative conditions (dementia, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease), in essence represent a subtly modified version of the intricate molecular programs already in place for normal aging. To control such multidimensional activities there are layers of trophic protein control across these networks mediated by so-called "keystone" proteins. We propose that these "keystones" coordinate and interconnect multiple signaling pathways to control whole somatic activities such as aging-related disease etiology. Given its ability to control multiple receptor sensitivities and its broad protein-protein interactomic nature, we propose that G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) represents one of these key network controllers. Considerable data has emerged, suggesting that GRK5 acts as a bridging factor, allowing signaling regulation in pathophysiological settings to control the connectivity between both the cardiovascular and neurophysiological complications of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O. Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Institute of Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, GA, United States
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Davis DC, Hoch DG, Wu L, Abegg D, Martin BS, Zhang ZY, Adibekian A, Dai M. Total Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Target Identification of Rare Abies Sesquiterpenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17465-17473. [PMID: 30461272 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abiespiroside A (1), beshanzuenone C (2), and beshanzuenone D (3) belong to the Abies sesquiterpenoid family. Beshanzuenones C (2) and D (3) are isolated from the critically endangered Chinese fir tree species Abies beshanzuensis and demonstrated weak inhibiting activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). We describe herein the first total syntheses of these Abies sesquiterpenoids relying on the sustainable and inexpensive chiral pool molecule (+)-carvone. The syntheses feature a palladium-catalyzed hydrocarbonylative lactonization to install the 6,6-fused bicyclic ring system and a Dreiding-Schmidt reaction to build the oxaspirolactone moiety of these target molecules. Our chemical total syntheses of these Abies sesquiterpenoids have enabled (i) the validation of beshanzuenone C's weak PTP1B inhibiting potency, (ii) identification of new synthetic analogs with promising and selective protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 inhibiting potency, and (iii) preparation of azide-tagged probe molecules for target identification via a chemoproteomic approach. The latter has resulted in the identification and evaluation of DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 3 (POLE3) as one of the novel cellular targets of these Abies sesquiterpenoids and their analogs. More importantly, via POLE3 inactivation by probe molecule 29 and knockdown experiment, we further demonstrated that targeting POLE3 with small molecules may be a novel strategy for chemosensitization to DNA damaging drugs such as etoposide in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexter C Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Dominic G Hoch
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Brandon S Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leysen H, van Gastel J, Hendrickx JO, Santos-Otte P, Martin B, Maudsley S. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Systems as Crucial Regulators of DNA Damage Response Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2919. [PMID: 30261591 PMCID: PMC6213947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their associated proteins represent one of the most diverse cellular signaling systems involved in both physiological and pathophysiological processes. Aging represents perhaps the most complex biological process in humans and involves a progressive degradation of systemic integrity and physiological resilience. This is in part mediated by age-related aberrations in energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, protein folding and sorting, inflammatory activity and genomic stability. Indeed, an increased rate of unrepaired DNA damage is considered to be one of the 'hallmarks' of aging. Over the last two decades our appreciation of the complexity of GPCR signaling systems has expanded their functional signaling repertoire. One such example of this is the incipient role of GPCRs and GPCR-interacting proteins in DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Emerging data now suggest that GPCRs could function as stress sensors for intracellular damage, e.g., oxidative stress. Given this role of GPCRs in the DNA damage response process, coupled to the effective history of drug targeting of these receptors, this suggests that one important future activity of GPCR therapeutics is the rational control of DNA damage repair systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Leysen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jhana O Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Institute of Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Q, Cai J, Fang C, Yang C, Zhou J, Tan Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Meng X, Zhao K, Yi K, Zhang S, Zhang J, Jiang C, Zhang J, Kang C. Mesenchymal glioblastoma constitutes a major ceRNA signature in the TGF-β pathway. Theranostics 2018; 8:4733-4749. [PMID: 30279734 PMCID: PMC6160778 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. Their dysregulation is common in cancer. However, ceRNA signatures have been poorly examined in the invasive and aggressive phenotypes of mesenchymal glioblastoma (GBM). This study aims to characterize mesenchymal glioblastoma at the mRNA-miRNA level and identify the mRNAs in ceRNA networks (micNET) markers and their mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Methods: The mRNAs in ceRNA networks (micNETs) of glioblastoma were investigated by constructing a GBM ceRNA network followed by integration with a STRING protein interaction network. The prognostic micNET markers of mesenchymal GBM were identified and validated across multiple datasets. ceRNA interactions were identified between micNETs and miR181 family members. LY2109761, an inhibitor of TGFBR2, demonstrated tumor-suppressive effects on both primary cultured cells and a patient-derived xenograft intracranial model. Results: We characterized mesenchymal glioblastoma at the mRNA-miRNA level and reported a ceRNA network that could separate the mesenchymal subtype from other subtypes. Six genes (TGFBR2, RUNX1, PPARG, ACSL1, GIT2 and RAP1B) that interacted with each other in both a ceRNA-related manner and in terms of their protein functions were identified as markers of the mesenchymal subtype. The coding sequence (CDS) and 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of TGFBR2 upregulated the expression of these genes, whereas TGFBR2 inhibition by siRNA or miR-181a/d suppressed their expression levels. Furthermore, mesenchymal subtype-related genes and the invasion phenotype could be reversed by suppressing the six mesenchymal marker genes. Conclusions: This study suggests that the micNETs may have translational significance in the diagnosis of mesenchymal GBM and may be novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kaikai Yi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
van Gastel J, Boddaert J, Jushaj A, Premont RT, Luttrell LM, Janssens J, Martin B, Maudsley S. GIT2-A keystone in ageing and age-related disease. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 43:46-63. [PMID: 29452267 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 2, GIT2, and its family member, GIT1, have received considerable interest concerning their potential key roles in regulating multiple inter-connected physiological and pathophysiological processes. GIT2 was first identified as a multifunctional protein that is recruited to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) during the process of receptor internalization. Recent findings have demonstrated that perhaps one of the most important effects of GIT2 in physiology concerns its role in controlling multiple aspects of the complex ageing process. Ageing can be considered the most prevalent pathophysiological condition in humans, affecting all tissue systems and acting as a driving force for many common and intractable disorders. The ageing process involves a complex interplay among various deleterious activities that profoundly disrupt the body's ability to cope with damage, thus increasing susceptibility to pathophysiologies such as neurodegeneration, central obesity, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The biological systems that control ageing appear to function as a series of interconnected complex networks. The inter-communication among multiple lower-complexity signaling systems within the global ageing networks is likely coordinated internally by keystones or hubs, which regulate responses to dynamic molecular events through protein-protein interactions with multiple distinct partners. Multiple lines of research have suggested that GIT2 may act as one of these network coordinators in the ageing process. Identifying and targeting keystones, such as GIT2, is thus an important approach in our understanding of, and eventual ability to, medically ameliorate or interdict age-related progressive cellular and tissue damage.
Collapse
|
20
|
Maudsley S, Devanarayan V, Martin B, Geerts H. Intelligent and effective informatic deconvolution of “Big Data” and its future impact on the quantitative nature of neurodegenerative disease therapy. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:961-975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- VIB Center for Molecular NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Bronwen Martin
- Department of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Miquel S, Champ C, Day J, Aarts E, Bahr BA, Bakker M, Bánáti D, Calabrese V, Cederholm T, Cryan J, Dye L, Farrimond JA, Korosi A, Layé S, Maudsley S, Milenkovic D, Mohajeri MH, Sijben J, Solomon A, Spencer JPE, Thuret S, Vanden Berghe W, Vauzour D, Vellas B, Wesnes K, Willatts P, Wittenberg R, Geurts L. Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:40-55. [PMID: 29248758 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote alterations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin disorders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVES This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop 'Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms' in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). CONCLUSION Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the effect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting specific mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, inflammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe significant impact in older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Miquel
- Mars-Wrigley, 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, United States
| | - Claire Champ
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Day
- Cerebrus Associates Limited, The White House, 2 Meadrow, Godalming, Surrey, GU7 3HN, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Centre, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, United States
| | - Martijntje Bakker
- The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Laan van Nieuw Oost-Indië 334, 2593 CE The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Diána Bánáti
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biological Tower - Via Santa Sofia, 97, Catania, Italy
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- University of Uppsala, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism, Uppsala Science Park, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Cryan
- Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, 386 Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise Dye
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Research and VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Gebouw V, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, UCA, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland
| | - John Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, PO Box 80141, 3508TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Solomon
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Gävlegatan 16, SE-113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute,125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- PPES, Department Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Vauzour
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU Toulouse, Gerontopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Keith Wesnes
- Wesnes Cognition Limited, Little Paddock, Streatley on Thames, RG8 9RD, United Kingdom; Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia; Medicinal Plant Research Group, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Willatts
- School of Psychology, University of Dundee Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Wittenberg
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Personal Social Services Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Geurts
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Siddiqui S, Lustig A, Carter A, Sankar M, Daimon CM, Premont RT, Etienne H, van Gastel J, Azmi A, Janssens J, Becker KG, Zhang Y, Wood W, Lehrmann E, Martin JG, Martin B, Taub DD, Maudsley S. Genomic deletion of GIT2 induces a premature age-related thymic dysfunction and systemic immune system disruption. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:706-740. [PMID: 28260693 PMCID: PMC5391227 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has proposed that GIT2 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2) acts as an integrator of the aging process through regulation of 'neurometabolic' integrity. One of the commonly accepted hallmarks of the aging process is thymic involution. At a relatively young age, 12 months old, GIT2-/- mice present a prematurely distorted thymic structure and dysfunction compared to age-matched 12 month-old wild-type control (C57BL/6) mice. Disruption of thymic structure in GIT2-/- (GIT2KO) mice was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of the cortical thymic marker, Troma-I (cytokeratin 8). Double positive (CD4+CD8+) and single positive CD4+ T cells were also markedly reduced in 12 month-old GIT2KO mice compared to age-matched control wild-type mice. Coincident with this premature thymic disruption in GIT2KO mice was the unique generation of a novel cervical 'organ', i.e. 'parathymic lobes'. These novel organs did not exhibit classical peripheral lymph node-like characteristics but expressed high levels of T cell progenitors that were reflexively reduced in GIT2KO thymi. Using signaling pathway analysis of GIT2KO thymus and parathymic lobe transcriptomic data we found that the molecular signaling functions lost in the dysfunctional GIT2KO thymus were selectively reinstated in the novel parathymic lobe - suggestive of a compensatory effect for the premature thymic disruption. Broader inspection of high-dimensionality transcriptomic data from GIT2KO lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and parathymic lobes revealed a systemic alteration of multiple proteins (Dbp, Tef, Per1, Per2, Fbxl3, Ddit4, Sin3a) involved in the multidimensional control of cell cycle clock regulation, cell senescence, cellular metabolism and DNA damage. Altered cell clock regulation across both immune and non-immune tissues therefore may be responsible for the premature 'aging' phenotype of GIT2KO mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Siddiqui
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ana Lustig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Arnell Carter
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mathavi Sankar
- Metabolism Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Caitlin M Daimon
- Metabolism Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Harmonie Etienne
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdelkrim Azmi
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Janssens
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Research Resources Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Research Resources Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - William Wood
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Research Resources Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Research Resources Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - James G Martin
- Research Institute of the MUHC, Centre for Translational Biology (CTB), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dennis D Taub
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou W, Li X, Premont RT. Expanding functions of GIT Arf GTPase-activating proteins, PIX Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GIT-PIX complexes. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:1963-74. [PMID: 27182061 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The GIT proteins, GIT1 and GIT2, are GTPase-activating proteins (inactivators) for the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) small GTP-binding proteins, and function to limit the activity of Arf proteins. The PIX proteins, α-PIX and β-PIX (also known as ARHGEF6 and ARHGEF7, respectively), are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (activators) for the Rho family small GTP-binding protein family members Rac1 and Cdc42. Through their multi-domain structures, GIT and PIX proteins can also function as signaling scaffolds by binding to numerous protein partners. Importantly, the constitutive association of GIT and PIX proteins into oligomeric GIT-PIX complexes allows these two proteins to function together as subunits of a larger structure that coordinates two distinct small GTP-binding protein pathways and serves as multivalent scaffold for the partners of both constituent subunits. Studies have revealed the involvement of GIT and PIX proteins, and of the GIT-PIX complex, in numerous fundamental cellular processes through a wide variety of mechanisms, pathways and signaling partners. In this Commentary, we discuss recent findings in key physiological systems that exemplify current understanding of the function of this important regulatory complex. Further, we draw attention to gaps in crucial information that remain to be filled to allow a better understanding of the many roles of the GIT-PIX complex in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Design, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
In vivo effects of dexamethasone on blood gene expression in ataxia telangiectasia. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 438:153-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
25
|
Martin B, Chadwick W, Janssens J, Premont RT, Schmalzigaug R, Becker KG, Lehrmann E, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Siddiqui S, Park SS, Cong WN, Daimon CM, Maudsley S. GIT2 Acts as a Systems-Level Coordinator of Neurometabolic Activity and Pathophysiological Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:191. [PMID: 26834700 PMCID: PMC4716144 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging represents one of the most complicated and highly integrated somatic processes. Healthy aging is suggested to rely upon the coherent regulation of hormonal and neuronal communication between the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. The hypothalamus is one of the main structures in the body responsible for sustaining an efficient interaction between energy balance and neurological activity and therefore likely coordinates multiple systems in the aging process. We previously identified, in hypothalamic and peripheral tissues, the G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2 (GIT2) as a stress response and aging regulator. As metabolic status profoundly affects aging trajectories, we investigated the role of GIT2 in regulating metabolic activity. We found that genomic deletion of GIT2 alters hypothalamic transcriptomic signatures related to diabetes and metabolic pathways. Deletion of GIT2 reduced whole animal respiratory exchange ratios away from those related to primary glucose usage for energy homeostasis. GIT2 knockout (GIT2KO) mice demonstrated lower insulin secretion levels, disruption of pancreatic islet beta cell mass, elevated plasma glucose, and insulin resistance. High-dimensionality transcriptomic signatures from islets isolated from GIT2KO mice indicated a disruption of beta cell development. Additionally, GIT2 expression was prematurely elevated in pancreatic and hypothalamic tissues from diabetic-state mice (db/db), compared to age-matched wild type (WT) controls, further supporting the role of GIT2 in metabolic regulation and aging. We also found that the physical interaction of pancreatic GIT2 with the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 2 was diminished in db/db mice compared to WT mice. Therefore, GIT2 appears to exert a multidimensional "keystone" role in regulating the aging process by coordinating somatic responses to energy deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Chadwick
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Janssens
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert Schmalzigaug
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William H. Wood
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sana Siddiqui
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-na Cong
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Daimon
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Stuart Maudsley,
| |
Collapse
|