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Liu H, Tang L, Li Y, Xie W, Zhang L, Tang H, Xiao T, Yang H, Gu W, Wang H, Chen P. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current views on the tumor microenvironment's impact on drug resistance and clinical outcomes. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38254110 PMCID: PMC10802008 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) exhibits significant variations across different ethnic groups and geographical regions, with Southeast Asia and North Africa being endemic areas. Of note, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with almost all of the undifferentiated NPC cases. Over the past three decades, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have formed the cornerstone of NPC treatment. However, recent advancements in immunotherapy have introduced a range of promising approaches for managing NPC. In light of these developments, it has become evident that a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. The TME serves a dual function, acting as a promoter of tumorigenesis while also orchestrating immunosuppression, thereby facilitating cancer progression and enabling immune evasion. Consequently, a comprehensive comprehension of the TME and its intricate involvement in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of NPC is imperative for the development of effective anticancer drugs. Moreover, given the complexity of TME and the inter-patient heterogeneity, personalized treatment should be designed to maximize therapeutic efficacy and circumvent drug resistance. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the TME within the context of EBV-induced NPC, with a particular emphasis on its pivotal role in regulating intercellular communication and shaping treatment responses. Additionally, the review offers a concise summary of drug resistance mechanisms and potential strategies for their reversal, specifically in relation to chemoradiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, recent advances in clinical trials pertaining to NPC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanxian Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenji Xie
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wangning Gu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Leone A, Nicolò A, Prevenzano I, Zatterale F, Longo M, Desiderio A, Spinelli R, Campitelli M, Conza D, Raciti GA, Beguinot F, Nigro C, Miele C. Methylglyoxal Impairs the Pro-Angiogenic Ability of Mouse Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (mADSCs) via a Senescence-Associated Mechanism. Cells 2023; 12:1741. [PMID: 37443775 PMCID: PMC10340470 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) play a crucial role in angiogenesis and repair of damaged tissues. However, in pathological conditions including diabetes, ADSC function is compromised. This work aims at evaluating the effect of Methylglyoxal (MGO), a product of chronic hyperglycemia, on mouse ADSCs' (mADSCs) pro-angiogenic function and the molecular mediators involved. The mADSCs were isolated from C57bl6 mice. MGO-adducts and p-p38 MAPK protein levels were evaluated by Western Blot. Human retinal endothelial cell (hREC) migration was analyzed by transwell assays. Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR, and SA-βGal activity by cytofluorimetry. Soluble factor release was evaluated by multiplex assay. MGO treatment does not impair mADSC viability and induces MGO-adduct accumulation. hREC migration is reduced in response to both MGO-treated mADSCs and conditioned media from MGO-treated mADSCs, compared to untreated cells. This is associated with an increase of SA-βGal activity, SASP factor release and p53 and p21 expression, together with a VEGF- and PDGF-reduced release from MGO-treated mADSCs and a reduced p38-MAPK activation in hRECs. The MGO-induced impairment of mADSC function is reverted by senolytics. In conclusion, MGO impairs mADSCs' pro-angiogenic function through the induction of a senescent phenotype, associated with the reduced secretion of growth factors crucial for hREC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council & Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.); (A.N.); (I.P.)
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The TLK1-MK5 Axis Regulates Motility, Invasion, and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235728. [PMID: 36497211 PMCID: PMC9736944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastatic dissemination of prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for the majority of PCa-related deaths. However, the exact mechanism of PCa cell spread is still unknown. We uncovered a novel interaction between two unrelated promotility factors, tousled-like kinase 1 (TLK1) and MAPK-activated protein kinase 5 (MK5), that initiates a signaling cascade promoting metastasis. In PCa, TLK1−MK5 signaling might be crucial, as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to increased expression of both TLK1 and MK5 in metastatic patients, but in this work, we directly investigated the motility, invasive, and metastatic capacity of PCa cells following impairment of the TLK1 > MK5 axis. Results: We conducted scratch wound repair and transwell invasion assays with LNCaP and PC3 cells to determine if TLK1 and MK5 can regulate motility and invasion. Both genetic depletion and pharmacologic inhibition of TLK1 and MK5 resulted in reduced migration and invasion through a Matrigel plug. We further elucidated the potential mechanisms underlying these effects and found that this is likely due to the reorganization of the actin fibers at lamellipodia and the focal adhesions network, in conjunction with increased expression of some MMPs that can affect penetration through the ECM. PC3, a highly metastatic cell line when assayed in xenografts, was further tested in a tail-vein injection/lung metastasis model, and we showed that, following inoculation, treatment with GLPG0259 (MK5 specific inhibitor) or J54 (TLK1 inhibitor) resulted in the lung tumor nodules being greatly diminished in number, and for J54, also in size. Conclusion: Our data support that the TLK1−MK5 axis is functionally involved in driving PCa cell metastasis and clinical aggressiveness; hence, disruption of this axis may inhibit the metastatic capacity of PCa.
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Zou Y, Han F. CPSF1 mediates retinal vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus via the MAPK/ERK pathway. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:708-715. [PMID: 32046510 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1722704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression and underlying molecular mechanism of CPSF1 in diabetic retinopathy. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were employed as a diabetic model, and high-glucose (HG)-induced human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs)were used as an in vitro experimental model to explore the effect of CPSF1. The results showed that CPSF1 was downregulated in diabetic retinopathy (DR) tissues and HRVECs under HG conditions. Adeno-associated viral CPSF1 attenuated histological abnormalities of retinas. CPSF1 regulates the apoptosis, migration, and vascularisation of HRVECs under HG conditions in vitro. CPSF1 mediates retinal vascular dysfunction by suppressing the phosphorylation mechanism in the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway in DR. In conclusion, CPSF1 may be associated with the development of DR, and upregulated CPSF1 alleviates apoptosis and migration via MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zou
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Fengmei Han
- The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) are defined by their exclusive activation by MAPKs. They can be activated by classical and atypical MAPKs that have been stimulated by mitogens and various stresses. Genetic deletions of MAPKAPKs and availability of highly specific small-molecule inhibitors have continuously increased our functional understanding of these kinases. MAPKAPKs cooperate in the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription; RNA processing, export, and stability; and protein synthesis. The diversity of stimuli for MAPK activation, the cross talk between the different MAPKs and MAPKAPKs, and the specific substrate pattern of MAPKAPKs orchestrate immediate-early and inflammatory responses in space and time and ensure proper control of cell growth, differentiation, and cell behavior. Hence, MAPKAPKs are promising targets for cancer therapy and treatments for conditions of acute and chronic inflammation, such as cytokine storms and rheumatoid arthritis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ronkina
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;
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Khalil MI, Singh V, King J, De Benedetti A. TLK1-mediated MK5-S354 phosphorylation drives prostate cancer cell motility and may signify distinct pathologies. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2537-2557. [PMID: 35064619 PMCID: PMC9251878 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases account for the majority of prostate cancer (PCa) deaths, and targeting them is a major goal of systemic therapy. We identified a novel interaction between two kinases: tousled‐like kinase 1 (TLK1) and MAP kinase‐activated protein kinase 5 (MK5) that promotes PCa spread. In PCa progression, TLK1–MK5 signalling appears to increase following antiandrogen treatment and in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Determinations of motility rates (2D and 3D) of different TLK1‐ and MK5‐perturbed cells, including knockout (KO) and knockdown (KD), as well as the use of specific inhibitors, showed the importance of these two proteins for in vitro dissemination. We established that TLK1 phosphorylates MK5 on three residues (S160, S354 and S386), resulting in MK5 activation, and additionally, mobility shifts of MK5 also supported its phosphorylation by TLK1 in transfected HEK 293 cells. Expression of MK5‐S354A or kinase‐dead MK5 in MK5‐depleted mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells failed to restore their motility compared with that of wild‐type (WT) MK5‐rescued MK5−/− MEF cells. A pMK5‐S354 antiserum was used to establish this site as an authentic TLK1 target in androgen‐sensitive human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cells, and was used in immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies of age‐related PCa sections from TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) mice and to probe a human tissue microarray (TMA), which revealed pMK5‐S354 level is correlated with disease progression (Gleason score and nodal metastases). In addition, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analyses of PCa expression and genome‐wide association study (GWAS) relations identify TLK1 and MK5 as potential drivers of advanced PCa and as markers of mCRPC. Our work suggests that TLK1–MK5 signalling is functionally involved in driving PCa cell motility and clinical features of aggressiveness; hence, disruption of this axis may inhibit the metastatic spread of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vibha Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Judy King
- Deparment of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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Pua LJW, Mai CW, Chung FFL, Khoo ASB, Leong CO, Lim WM, Hii LW. Functional Roles of JNK and p38 MAPK Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031108. [PMID: 35163030 PMCID: PMC8834850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members integrate signals that affect proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration in a cell context- and cell type-specific way. JNK and p38 MAPK activities are found upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Studies have shown that activation of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling can promote NPC oncogenesis by mechanisms within the cancer cells and interactions with the tumor microenvironment. They regulate multiple transcription activities and contribute to tumor-promoting processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis, inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Current literature suggests that JNK and p38 MAPK activation may exert pro-tumorigenic functions in NPC, though the underlying mechanisms are not well documented and have yet to be fully explored. Here, we aim to provide a narrative review of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in human cancers with a primary focus on NPC. We also discuss the potential therapeutic agents that could be used to target JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in NPC, along with perspectives for future works. We aim to inspire future studies further delineating JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in NPC oncogenesis which might offer important insights for better strategies in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision-making in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Jia Wei Pua
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.J.W.P.); (C.-O.L.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.J.W.P.); (C.-O.L.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- AGTC Genomics, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
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Xiao ST, Kuang CY. Endothelial progenitor cells and coronary artery disease: Current concepts and future research directions. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8953-8966. [PMID: 34786379 PMCID: PMC8567528 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i30.8953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular injury is a frequent pathology in coronary artery disease. To repair the vasculature, scientists have found that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have excellent properties associated with angiogenesis. Over time, research on EPCs has made encouraging progress regardless of pathology or clinical technology. This review focuses on the origins and cell markers of EPCs, and the connection between EPCs and coronary artery disease. In addition, we summarized various studies of EPC-capturing stents and EPC infusion therapy, and aim to learn from past technology to predict the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Tong Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Kuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou Province, China
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Pathak A, Pandey V, Raj Pokharel Y, Devaraji V, Ali A, Haider K, Saad S, Dewangan RP, Siddiqui N, Shahar Yar M. Pharmacophore based drug design and synthesis of oxindole bearing hybrid as anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105358. [PMID: 34544029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dual TK inhibitors have shown significant clinical effects against many tumors, but with unmanageable side effects. Design approach and selectivity of these inhibitors plays substantial role in their potency and side-effects. Understanding the homology of binding sites in targeted receptors, and involvement of signaling proteins after the inhibition might help in producing less toxic but effective inhibitors. Herein, we designed benzylideneindolon-2-one derivatives based on homology modeling in binding sites of VEGFR-2 and EGFR receptors as dual- inhibitor potent anticancer compounds with high selectivity. The benzylideneindolon-2-one derivatives were found to possess conformational switch in form of oxindole, substituted at 2-benzimidazole. Within synthesized compounds, 5b was found most active in in-vitro enzyme inhibition assay against VEGFR-2 and EGFR with highest IC50 value of 6.81 ± 2.55 and 13.04 ± 4.07 nM, respectively. Interestingly, cytotoxicity studies revealed selective toxicity of compound 5b against proliferation of A-431 cell lines (over expressed VEGFR-2 and EGFR) with GI50 value of 0.9 ± 0.66 µM. However, the compounds showed mild to moderate activity in all other cancer cell line in the range of 0.2-100 μM. Further mode of action studies by flow cytometry and western blot on A-431 indicated that they work via apoptosis at S- phase following Bcl/Bax pathway, and cell migration via MMP9. 5b not only suppressed tumor growth but also improved vandetanib associated with weight loss toxicity. Moreover, 5b was found safer than sunitinib and erlotinib with LD50 of 500 mg/kg body weight. These results propose 5b as potential anti-tumor drug with safer profile of conventional inhibitors of VEGFR-2 and EGFR for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Devaraji
- Computational Drug Design Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Suma Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - M Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Ma W, Ou T, Cui X, Wu K, Li H, Li Y, Peng G, Xia W, Wu S. HSP47 contributes to angiogenesis by induction of CCL2 in bladder cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110044. [PMID: 34000383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone and is involved in tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis. However, the regulatory network of HSP47 in angiogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we report a novel mechanism of HSP47-induced angiogenesis in bladder cancer (BC). We find that HSP47 is abnormally overexpressed in BC and is correlated with poor prognosis. HSP47 down-regulation suppresses angiogenesis in BC cells. Mechanistically, activation of the ERK pathway and induction of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) are responsible for HSP47-induced angiogenesis. The correlation between HSP47 with CCL2 and angiogenesis is further confirmed in BC clinical samples. Taken together, our findings suggest that HSP47 contributes to BC angiogenesis by induction of CCL2 and provide a potential anti-angiogenesis target for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Ma
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tong Ou
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China; Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Xiangrui Cui
- Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hongming Li
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guoyu Peng
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wuchao Xia
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China; Teaching Center of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Awasthi A, Raju MB, Rahman MA. Current Insights of Inhibitors of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Inflammation. Med Chem 2021; 17:555-575. [PMID: 32106802 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200227122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory process is one of the mechanisms by which our body upholds us from pathogens such as parasites, bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms. Inflammatory stimuli activate many intracellular signaling pathways such as the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway and three mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which are mediated through extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. The p38 has evolved as an enticing target in treating many persistent inflammatory diseases. Hence, designing novel p38 inhibitors targeting MAPK pathways has acquired significance. OBJECTIVE Peruse to identify the lead target to discover novel p38MAPK inhibitors with different scaffolds having improved selectivity over the prototype drugs. METHODS Structure and the binding sites of p38MAPK were focused. Various scaffolds designed for inhibition and the molecules which have entered the clinical trials are discussed. RESULTS This review aspires to present the available information on the structure and the 3D binding sites of p38MAPK, various scaffolds designed for imidazole, urea, benzamide, azoles, quinoxaline, chromone, ketone as a potent p38MAPK inhibitors and their SAR studies and the molecules which have entered the clinical trials. CONCLUSION The development of successful selective p38MAPK inhibitors in inflammatory diseases is in progress despite all challenges. It was speculated that p38MAPK also plays an important role in treating diseases such as neuroinflammation, arterial inflammation, vascular inflammation, cancer and so on, which are posing the world with treatment challenges. In this review, clinical trials of drugs are discussed related to inflammatory and its related diseases. Research is in progress to design and develop novel p38MAPK inhibitors with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy, Madhapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mantripragada Bhagavan Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy, Madhapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Md Azizur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Oxylipin biosynthesis reinforces cellular senescence and allows detection of senolysis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1124-1136.e5. [PMID: 33811820 PMCID: PMC8501892 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress or damage response that causes a permanent proliferative arrest and secretion of numerous factors with potent biological activities. This senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been characterized largely for secreted proteins that participate in embryogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, and many age-related pathologies. By contrast, lipid components of the SASP are understudied. We show that senescent cells activate the biosynthesis of several oxylipins that promote segments of the SASP and reinforce the proliferative arrest. Notably, senescent cells synthesize and accumulate an unstudied intracellular prostaglandin, 1a,1b-dihomo-15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin J2. Released 15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin J2 is a biomarker of senolysis in culture and in vivo. This and other prostaglandin D2-related lipids promote the senescence arrest and SASP by activating RAS signaling. These data identify an important aspect of cellular senescence and a method to detect senolysis.
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13
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Gallage S, García-Beccaria M, Szydlowska M, Rahbari M, Mohr R, Tacke F, Heikenwalder M. The therapeutic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma. MED 2021; 2:505-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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The essential role of PRAK in tumor metastasis and its therapeutic potential. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1736. [PMID: 33741957 PMCID: PMC7979731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite the recent advancements in cancer treatment, there is currently no approved therapy for metastasis. The present study reveals a potent and selective activity of PRAK in the regulation of tumor metastasis. While showing no apparent effect on the growth of primary breast cancers or subcutaneously inoculated tumor lines, Prak deficiency abrogates lung metastases in PyMT mice or mice receiving intravenous injection of tumor cells. Consistently, PRAK expression is closely associated with metastatic risk in human cancers. Further analysis indicates that loss of function of PRAK leads to a pronounced inhibition of HIF-1α protein synthesis, possibly due to reduced mTORC1 activities. Notably, pharmacological inactivation of PRAK with a clinically relevant inhibitor recapitulates the anti-metastatic effect of Prak depletion, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting PRAK in the control of metastasis.
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15
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Ikeda A, Nagayama S, Sumazaki M, Konishi M, Fujii R, Saichi N, Muraoka S, Saigusa D, Shimada H, Sakai Y, Ueda K. Colorectal Cancer-Derived CAT1-Positive Extracellular Vesicles Alter Nitric Oxide Metabolism in Endothelial Cells and Promote Angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:834-846. [PMID: 33579815 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating scientific evidences strongly support the importance of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) in organization of tumor microenvironment and metastatic niches, which are also considered as ideal tools for cancer liquid biopsy. To uncover the full scope of proteomic information packaged within EVs secreted directly from human colorectal cancer, we cultured surgically resected viable tissues and obtained tissue-exudative EVs (Te-EV). Our quantitative profiling of 6,307 Te-EV proteins and 8,565 tissue proteins from primary colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosa (n = 17) allowed identification of a specific cargo in colorectal cancer-derived Te-EVs, high-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1, P = 5.0 × 10-3, fold change = 6.2), in addition to discovery of a new class of EV markers, VPS family proteins. The EV sandwich ELISA confirmed escalation of the EV-CAT1 level in plasma from patients with colorectal cancer compared with healthy donors (n = 119, P = 3.8 × 10-7). Further metabolomic analysis revealed that CAT1-overexpressed EVs drastically enhanced vascular endothelial cell growth and tubule formation via upregulation of arginine transport and downstream NO metabolic pathway. These findings demonstrate the potency of CAT1 as an EV-based biomarker for colorectal cancer and its functional significance on tumor angiogenesis. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides a proteome-wide compositional dataset for viable colorectal cancer tissue-derived EVs and especially emphasizes importance of EV-CAT1 as a key regulator of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ikeda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sumazaki
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Konishi
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Fujii
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Saichi
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Muraoka
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Lin FL, Wang PY, Chuang YF, Wang JH, Wong VHY, Bui BV, Liu GS. Gene Therapy Intervention in Neovascular Eye Disease: A Recent Update. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2120-2138. [PMID: 32649860 PMCID: PMC7544979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant growth of blood vessels (neovascularization) is a key feature of severe eye diseases that can cause legal blindness, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The development of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents has revolutionized the treatment of ocular neovascularization. Novel proangiogenic targets, such as angiopoietin and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), are under development for patients who respond poorly to anti-VEGF therapy and to reduce adverse effects from long-term VEGF inhibition. A rapidly advancing area is gene therapy, which may provide significant therapeutic benefits. Viral vector-mediated transgene delivery provides the potential for continuous production of antiangiogenic proteins, which would avoid the need for repeated anti-VEGF injections. Gene silencing with RNA interference to target ocular angiogenesis has been investigated in clinical trials. Proof-of-concept gene therapy studies using gene-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas have already been shown to be effective in suppressing neovascularization in animal models, highlighting the therapeutic potential of the system for treatment of aberrant ocular angiogenesis. This review provides updates on the development of anti-VEGF agents and novel antiangiogenic targets. We also summarize current gene therapy strategies already in clinical trials and those with the latest approaches utilizing CRISPR-Cas gene editing against aberrant ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Vickie H Y Wong
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
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17
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Son M, Park J, Oh S, Choi J, Shim M, Kang D, Byun K. Radiofrequency irradiation attenuates angiogenesis and inflammation in UVB-induced rosacea in mouse skin. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:659-666. [PMID: 32434270 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rosacea is a skin inflammatory condition accompanied by cutaneous signs such as oedema, flushing, erythema, telangiectasia and pustules. Generally, rosacea is triggered by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. When exposed to UVB, skin epidermis thickens and produces elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially keratinocyte-related VEGF, a potent angiogenic factor. The upregulations of VEGF expression and its secretion promote the formation of new blood vessels and exacerbates rosacea. In this study, radiofrequency (RF) irradiation reduced keratinocyte proliferation in the epidermal layer, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis-related inflammatory factors and VEGF in our UVB-induced model of rosacea in vitro and in vivo. RF irradiation attenuated VEGF-induced angiogenesis-associated processes such as tube formation, cell migration and endothelial cell proliferation. Notably, blood vessel densities in the skins of UVB-treated mice and rosacea patients were significantly decreased by RF irradiation. These results provide experimental and molecular evidence regarding the effectiveness of RF irradiation for the treatment of rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Junwon Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Minjung Shim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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18
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Hung IC, Chen TM, Lin JP, Tai YL, Shen TL, Lee SJ. Wnt5b integrates Fak1a to mediate gastrulation cell movements via Rac1 and Cdc42. Open Biol 2020; 10:190273. [PMID: 32097584 PMCID: PMC7058935 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediates vital cellular pathways during development. Despite its necessity, how FAK regulates and integrates with other signals during early embryogenesis remains poorly understood. We found that the loss of Fak1a impaired epiboly, convergent extension and hypoblast cell migration in zebrafish embryos. We also observed a clear disturbance in cortical actin at the blastoderm margin and distribution of yolk syncytial nuclei. In addition, we investigated a possible link between Fak1a and a well-known gastrulation regulator, Wnt5b, and revealed that the overexpression of fak1a or wnt5b could cross-rescue convergence defects induced by a wnt5b or fak1a antisense morpholino (MO), respectively. Wnt5b and Fak1a were shown to converge in regulating Rac1 and Cdc42, which could synergistically rescue wnt5b and fak1a morphant phenotypes. Furthermore, we generated several alleles of fak1a mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, but those mutants only revealed mild gastrulation defects. However, injection of a subthreshold level of the wnt5b MO induced severe gastrulation defects in fak1a mutants, which suggested that the upregulated expression of wnt5b might complement the loss of Fak1a. Collectively, we demonstrated that a functional interaction between Wnt and FAK signalling mediates gastrulation cell movements via the possible regulation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and subsequent actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Wen SY, Cheng SY, Ng SC, Aneja R, Chen CJ, Huang CY, Kuo WW. Roles of p38α and p38β mitogen‑activated protein kinase isoforms in human malignant melanoma A375 cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2123-2132. [PMID: 31661126 PMCID: PMC6844598 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Melanoma accounts for ~5% of skin cancers but causes the large majority of skin cancer‑related deaths. Recent discoveries have shown that the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is critical for melanoma development and progression. Many oncogenic pathways that cause melanoma tumorigenesis have been identified, most of which are due to RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) pathway activation. However, the precise role of p38 remains unclear. Using specific short hairpin (sh) RNA to silence p38α and p38β, the present findings demonstrated that p38α was a crucial factor in regulating cell migration in the A375 melanoma cell line. Silencing p38α downregulated the expression of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition markers, such as matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 2, MMP9, twist family bHLH transcription factor 1, snail family transcriptional repressor 1 and vimentin, while mesenchymal‑epithelial transition markers, such as E‑cadherin, were upregulated. Of note, the results also demonstrated that p38α silencing impaired vascular endothelial growth factor expression, which regulates tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, p38α knockdown inhibited cell proliferation in melanoma cells. In addition, silencing p38α induced senescence‑like features, but not cell cycle arrest. Expression of the senescence markers p16, p21, p53 and β‑galactosidase was upregulated, and an increase in the number of senescence‑associated β‑galactosidase‑positive cells was observed in a p38α knockdown stable clone. However, no significant difference was found between control and p38β stable knockdown cells. Taken together, the present results suggested that p38α knockdown impaired migration and proliferation, and increased senescence, in A375 melanoma cells. However, p38β may not be involved in melanoma tumorigenesis. Therefore, targeting p38α may be a valuable approach towards inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ying Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112
| | - Shi-Yann Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 65152
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, China Medical University
| | - Shang-Chuan Ng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Correspondence to: Professor Wei-Wen Kuo, Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
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20
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Chaudhary A, Kalra RS, Malik V, Katiyar SP, Sundar D, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. 2, 3-Dihydro-3β-methoxy Withaferin-A Lacks Anti-Metastasis Potency: Bioinformatics and Experimental Evidences. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17344. [PMID: 31757995 PMCID: PMC6874665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Withaferin-A is a withanolide, predominantly present in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera). It has been shown to possess anticancer activity in a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Molecular mechanism of such cytotoxicity has not yet been completely understood. Withaferin-A and Withanone were earlier shown to activate p53 tumor suppressor and oxidative stress pathways in cancer cells. 2,3-dihydro-3β-methoxy analogue of Withaferin-A (3βmWi-A) was shown to lack cytotoxicity and well tolerated at higher concentrations. It, on the other hand, protected normal cells against oxidative, chemical and UV stresses through induction of anti-stress and pro-survival signaling. We, in the present study, investigated the effect of Wi-A and 3βmWi-A on cell migration and metastasis signaling. Whereas Wi-A binds to vimentin and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) with high efficacy and downregulates its effector proteins, MMPs and VEGF, involved in cancer cell metastasis, 3βmWi-A was ineffective. Consistently, Wi-A, and not 3βmWi-A, caused reduction in cytoskeleton proteins (Vimentin, N-Cadherin) and active protease (u-PA) that are essential for three key steps of cancer cell metastasis (EMT, increase in cell migration and invasion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Chaudhary
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Rajkumar S Kalra
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Vidhi Malik
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, DAILAB, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Shashank P Katiyar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, DAILAB, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Durai Sundar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, DAILAB, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India.
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan.
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan.
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21
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Icli B, Wu W, Ozdemir D, Li H, Haemmig S, Liu X, Giatsidis G, Cheng HS, Avci SN, Kurt M, Lee N, Guimaraes RB, Manica A, Marchini JF, Rynning SE, Risnes I, Hollan I, Croce K, Orgill DP, Feinberg MW. MicroRNA-135a-3p regulates angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting p38 signaling in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:5599-5614. [PMID: 30668922 PMCID: PMC6436660 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802063rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical process in repair of tissue injury that is regulated by a delicate balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors. In disease states associated with impaired angiogenesis, we identified that miR-135a-3p is rapidly induced and serves as an antiangiogenic microRNA (miRNA) by targeting endothelial cell (EC) p38 signaling in vitro and in vivo. MiR-135a-3p overexpression significantly inhibited EC proliferation, migration, and network tube formation in matrigel, whereas miR-135-3p neutralization had the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies using transcriptomic profiling, bioinformatics, 3'-UTR reporter and miRNA ribonucleoprotein complex -immunoprecipitation assays, and small interfering RNA dependency studies revealed that miR-135a-3p inhibits the p38 signaling pathway in ECs by targeting huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1). Local delivery of miR-135a-3p inhibitors to wounds of diabetic db/db mice markedly increased angiogenesis, granulation tissue thickness, and wound closure rates, whereas local delivery of miR-135a-3p mimics impaired these effects. Finally, through gain- and loss-of-function studies in human skin organoids as a model of tissue injury, we demonstrated that miR-135a-3p potently modulated p38 signaling and angiogenesis in response to VEGF stimulation by targeting HIP1. These findings establish miR-135a-3p as a pivotal regulator of pathophysiological angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting a VEGF-HIP1-p38K signaling axis, providing new targets for angiogenic therapy to promote tissue repair.-Icli, B., Wu, W., Ozdemir, D., Li, H., Haemmig, S., Liu, X., Giatsidis, G., Cheng, H. S., Avci, S. N., Kurt, M., Lee, N., Guimaraes, R. B., Manica, A., Marchini, J. F., Rynning, S. E., Risnes, I., Hollan, I., Croce, K., Orgill, D. P., Feinberg, M. W. MicroRNA-135a-3p regulates angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting p38 signaling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Icli
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Winona Wu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denizhan Ozdemir
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hao Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giorgio Giatsidis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry S. Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seyma Nazli Avci
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Merve Kurt
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan Lee
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raphael Boesche Guimaraes
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (ICFUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andre Manica
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (ICFUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julio F. Marchini
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stein Erik Rynning
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, LHL Hospital Gardermoen, Jessheim, Norway
| | - Ivar Risnes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, LHL Hospital Gardermoen, Jessheim, Norway
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Rheumatology Department, Lillehamer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehamer, Norway
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Kevin Croce
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Nawaito SA, Sahadevan P, Clavet-Lanthier MÉ, Pouliot P, Sahmi F, Shi Y, Gillis MA, Lesage F, Gaestel M, Sirois MG, Calderone A, Tardif JC, Allen BG. MK5 haplodeficiency decreases collagen deposition and scar size during post-myocardial infarction wound repair. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1281-H1296. [PMID: 30901279 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00532.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MK5 is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38, ERK3, and ERK4 MAPKs. MK5 mRNA and immunoreactivity are detected in mouse cardiac fibroblasts, and MK5 haplodeficiency attenuates the increase in collagen 1-α1 mRNA evoked by pressure overload. The present study examined the effect of MK5 haplodeficiency on reparative fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI). Twelve-week-old MK5+/- and wild-type littermate (MK5+/+) mice underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADL). Surviving mice were euthanized 8 or 21 days post-MI. Survival rates did not differ significantly between MK5+/+ and MK5+/- mice, with rupture of the LV wall being the primary cause of death. Echocardiographic imaging revealed similar increases in LV end-diastolic diameter, myocardial performance index, and wall motion score index in LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- mice. Area at risk did not differ between LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- hearts. In contrast, infarct size, scar area, and scar collagen content were reduced in LADL-MK5+/- hearts. Immunohistochemical analysis of mice experiencing heart rupture revealed increased MMP-9 immunoreactivity in the infarct border zone of LADL-MK5+/- hearts compared with LADL-MK5+/+. Although inflammatory cell infiltration was similar in LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- hearts, angiogenesis was more pronounced in the infarct border zone of LADL-MK5+/- mice. Characterization of ventricular fibroblasts revealed reduced motility and proliferation in fibroblasts isolated from MK5-/- mice compared with those from both wild-type and haplodeficient mice. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MK5 in fibroblasts from wild-type mice also impaired motility. Hence, reduced MK5 expression alters fibroblast function and scar morphology but not mortality post-MI. NEW & NOTEWORTHY MK5/PRAK is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38 MAPK and/or atypical MAPKs ERK3/4. MK5 haplodeficiency reduced infarct size, scar area, and scar collagen content post-myocardial infarction. Motility and proliferation were reduced in cultured MK5-null cardiac myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ali Nawaito
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Pramod Sahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Fatiha Sahmi
- Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Frederic Lesage
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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PETRICA-MATEI GEORGIANAGABRIELA, ROMAN VIVIANA, MIHAILA MIRELA, HOTNOG CAMELIAMIA, BRASOVEANU LORELEIIRINA, BOSTAN MARINELA. Role of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase in modulation of the response to therapy in FaDu Human pharyngeal carcinoma cell. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.1/118.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Wang FW, Cao CH, Han K, Zhao YX, Cai MY, Xiang ZC, Zhang JX, Chen JW, Zhong LP, Huang Y, Zhou SF, Jin XH, Guan XY, Xu RH, Xie D. APC-activated long noncoding RNA inhibits colorectal carcinoma pathogenesis through reduction of exosome production. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:727-743. [PMID: 30511962 DOI: 10.1172/jci122478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) but remains a challenge for drug development. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are invaluable in identifying cancer pathologies and providing therapeutic options for patients with cancer. Here, we identified a lncRNA (lncRNA-APC1) activated by APC through lncRNA microarray screening and examined its expression in a large cohort of CRC tissues. A decrease in lncRNA-APC1 expression was positively associated with lymph node and/or distant metastasis, a more advanced clinical stage, as well as a poor prognosis for patients with CRC. Additionally, APC could enhance lncRNA-APC1 expression by suppressing the enrichment of PPARα on the lncRNA-APC1 promoter. Furthermore, enforced lncRNA-APC1 expression was sufficient to inhibit CRC cell growth, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis by suppressing exosome production through the direct binding of Rab5b mRNA and a reduction of its stability. Importantly, exosomes derived from lncRNA-APC1-silenced CRC cells promoted angiogenesis by activating the MAPK pathway in endothelial cells, and, moreover, exosomal Wnt1 largely enhanced CRC cell proliferation and migration through noncanonicial Wnt signaling. Collectively, lncRNA-APC1 is a critical lncRNA regulated by APC in the pathogenesis of CRC. Our findings suggest that an APC-regulated lncRNA-APC1 program is an exploitable therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Wei Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Hui Cao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Han
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mu-Yan Cai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Wei Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Su-Fang Zhou
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Han Jin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Su W, Hong L, Xu X, Huang S, Herpai D, Li L, Xu Y, Truong L, Hu WY, Wu X, Xiao C, Zhang W, Han J, Debinski W, Xiang R, Sun P. miR-30 disrupts senescence and promotes cancer by targeting both p16 INK4A and DNA damage pathways. Oncogene 2018; 37:5618-5632. [PMID: 29907771 PMCID: PMC6195819 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
miR-30 is a microRNA frequently overexpressed in human cancers. However, the biological consequence of miR-30 overexpression in cancer has been unclear. In a genetic screen, miR-30 was found to abrogate oncogenic-induced senescence, a key tumor-suppressing mechanism that involves DNA damage responses, activation of p53 and induction of p16INK4A. In cells and mouse models, miR-30 disrupts senescence and promotes cancer by suppressing 2 targets, CHD7 and TNRC6A. We show that while CHD7 is a transcriptional coactivator essential for induction of p16INK4A in senescent cells, TNRC6A, a miRNA machinery component, is required for expression and functionality of DNA damage response RNAs (DDRNAs) that mediate DNA damage responses and p53 activation by orchestrating histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and recruitment of DNA damage factors at damaged sites. Thus, miR-30 inhibits both p16INK4A and p53, 2 key senescence effectors, leading to efficient senescence disruption. These findings have identified novel signaling pathways mediating oncogene-induced senescence and tumor-suppression, and revealed the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic activity of miR-30. Thus, the miR-30/CHD7/TNRC6A pathway is potentially a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Hong
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Xu
- No 2 People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Denise Herpai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lan Truong
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaohua Wu
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Departments of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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26
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Wei T, Liu L, Zhou X. Cortex Dictamni extracts inhibit over-proliferation and migration of rat airway smooth muscle cells via FAK/p38/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:1-8. [PMID: 29547743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a prominent effecter in maintaining bronchial muscle contraction and responsible for airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR); the phenotype change and over-proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play key roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferation effects of Cortex Dictamni aqueous extract (CDAE) and ethanol extract (CDE) on ASMCs and the possible underline mechanisms. Cell proliferation rates were determined by MTT assay; matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) activity was examined by gelatin zymography; cell proliferation and migration were appraised by in-vitro cell-gap closure assessment; protein expressions of p38, Bcl-2 and FAK of ASMCs were evaluated by western blotting and Ca2+ influx of cells was measured by confocal laser microscope. Our data demonstrated that the proliferation, migration and MMP-2 expressions of ASMCs were inhibited by CDAE or CDE; the protein expressions of p38, Bcl-2 and FAK in ASMCs were substantially reduced by CDAE and CDE detected by western blotting or immunocytochemistry; also the increased calcium influx has been observed instantaneously after ASMCs were stimulated by CDAE or CDE. These findings suggested that Cortex Dictamni extracts might have inhibitory effects on ASMCs over-proliferation which could be one of the underline mechanisms for the therapy of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- The School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Lei Liu
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- The School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China; The School of Medicine, The University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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27
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Inactivation of p38 MAPK contributes to stem cell-like properties of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26702-26717. [PMID: 28460458 PMCID: PMC5432291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are recognized as the major source for cancer initiation and recurrence. Yet, the mechanism by which the cancer stem cell properties are acquired and maintained in a cancer cell population is not well understood. In the current study, we observed that the level of active p38 MAPK is downregulated, while the level of the stemness marker SOX2 is upregulated in lung cancer tissues as compared to normal tissues. We further demonstrated that inactivation of p38 is a potential mechanism contributing to acquisition and maintenance of cancer stem cell properties in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. p38, in particular the p38γ and p38δ isoforms, suppresses the cancer stem cell properties and tumor initiating ability of NSCLC cells by promoting the ubiquitylation and degradation of stemness proteins such as SOX2, Oct4, Nanog, Klf4 and c-Myc, through MK2-mediated phosphorylation of Hsp27 that is an essential component of the proteasomal degradation machinery. In contrast, inactivation of p38 in lung cancer cells leads to upregulation of the stemness proteins, thus promoting the cancer stem cell properties of these cells. These findings have demonstrated a novel mechanism by which cancer stem cell properties are acquired and maintained in a cancer cell population, and have revealed a new function of the p38 pathway in suppressing cancer development. These studies have also identified a new pathway that can potentially serve as a target for cancer therapies aimed at eliminating CSCs.
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28
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Sahadevan P, Allen BG. MK5: A novel regulator of cardiac fibroblast function? IUBMB Life 2017; 69:785-794. [PMID: 28941148 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MAP kinase-activated protein kinases (MKs), protein serine/threonine kinases downstream of the MAPKs, regulate a number of biological functions. MK5 was initially identified as a substrate for p38 MAPK but subsequent studies revealed that MK5 activity is regulated by atypical MAPKs ERK3 and ERK4. However, the roles of these MAPKs in activating MK5 remain controversial. The interactome and physiological function of MK5 are just beginning to be understood. Here, we provide an overview of the structure-function of MK5 including recent progress in determining its role in cardiac structure and function. The cardiac phenotype of MK5 haplodeficient mice, and the effect of reduced MK5 expression on cardiac remodeling, is also discussed. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(10):785-794, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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29
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Corre I, Paris F, Huot J. The p38 pathway, a major pleiotropic cascade that transduces stress and metastatic signals in endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55684-55714. [PMID: 28903453 PMCID: PMC5589692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By gating the traffic of molecules and cells across the vessel wall, endothelial cells play a central role in regulating cardiovascular functions and systemic homeostasis and in modulating pathophysiological processes such as inflammation and immunity. Accordingly, the loss of endothelial cell integrity is associated with pathological disorders that include atherosclerosis and cancer. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are major signaling pathways that regulate several functions of endothelial cells in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli including growth factors, stress and cytokines. The p38 MAPK family contains four isoforms p38α, p38β, p38γ and p38δ that are encoded by four different genes. They are all widely expressed although to different levels in almost all human tissues. p38α/MAPK14, that is ubiquitously expressed is the prototype member of the family and is referred here as p38. It regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, and controls cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Its activation in endothelial cells leads to actin remodeling, angiogenesis, DNA damage response and thereby has major impact on cardiovascular homeostasis, and on cancer progression. In this manuscript, we review the biology of p38 in regulating endothelial functions especially in response to oxidative stress and during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Corre
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Huot
- Le Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et le Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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30
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Werden SJ, Sphyris N, Sarkar TR, Paranjape AN, LaBaff AM, Taube JH, Hollier BG, Ramirez-Peña EQ, Soundararajan R, den Hollander P, Powell E, Echeverria GV, Miura N, Chang JT, Piwnica-Worms H, Rosen JM, Mani SA. Phosphorylation of serine 367 of FOXC2 by p38 regulates ZEB1 and breast cancer metastasis, without impacting primary tumor growth. Oncogene 2016; 35:5977-5988. [PMID: 27292262 PMCID: PMC5114155 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic competence is contingent upon the aberrant activation of a latent embryonic program, known as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which bestows stem cell properties as well as migratory and invasive capabilities upon differentiated tumor cells. We recently identified the transcription factor FOXC2 as a downstream effector of multiple EMT programs, independent of the EMT-inducing stimulus, and as a key player linking EMT, stem cell traits and metastatic competence in breast cancer. As such, FOXC2 could serve as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate metastasis. However, as FOXC2 is a transcription factor, it is difficult to target by conventional means such as small-molecule inhibitors. Herein, we identify the serine/threonine-specific kinase p38 as a druggable upstream regulator of FOXC2 stability and function that elicits phosphorylation of FOXC2 at serine 367 (S367). Using an orthotopic syngeneic mouse tumor model, we make the striking observation that inhibition of p38-FOXC2 signaling selectively attenuates metastasis without impacting primary tumor growth. In this model, circulating tumor cell numbers are significantly reduced in mice treated with the p38 inhibitor SB203580, relative to vehicle-treated counterparts. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of p38 decreases FOXC2 protein levels, reverts the EMT phenotype and compromises stem cell attributes in vitro. We also identify the EMT-regulator ZEB1-known to directly repress E-cadherin/CDH1-as a downstream target of FOXC2, critically dependent on its activation by p38. Consistent with the notion that activation of the p38-FOXC2 signaling axis represents a critical juncture in the acquisition of metastatic competence, the phosphomimetic FOXC2(S367E) mutant is refractory to p38 inhibition both in vitro and in vivo, whereas the non-phosphorylatable FOXC2(S367A) mutant fails to elicit EMT and upregulate ZEB1. Collectively, our data demonstrate that FOXC2 regulates EMT, stem cell traits, ZEB1 expression and metastasis in a p38-dependent manner, and attest to the potential utility of p38 inhibitors as antimetastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Werden
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Sphyris
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T R Sarkar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A N Paranjape
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A M LaBaff
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J H Taube
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B G Hollier
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Q Ramirez-Peña
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Powell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G V Echeverria
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - J T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Rosen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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31
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Xia JB, Mao CZ, Chen ZY, Liu GH, Wu HY, Zhou DC, Park KS, Zhao H, Kim SK, Cai DQ, Qi XF. The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis promotes cardiac microvascular endothelial cell migration via the p38/FAK pathway in a proliferation-independent manner. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:257-65. [PMID: 26835911 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CXCL10 is a chemokine with potent chemotactic activity for immune and non-immune cells expressing its receptor CXCR3. Previous studies have demonstrated that CXCL10 is involved in myocardial infarction. However, the role of CXCL10 in cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) regulation and related mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CXCL10 on the CMEC migration and explored its potential molecular mechanism by wound healing, cell proliferation and viability analysis. Furthermore, migration-related signaling pathways, including FAK, Erk, p38 and Smad, were examined by Western blotting. We found that CXCL10 significantly promotes CMEC migration under normal conditions and during hypoxia/ischemia. However, no significant differences in CMEC proliferation and viability were observed with or without CXCL10 treatment. CXCL10-mediated CMEC migration was greatly blocked by treatment with an anti-CXCR3 antibody. Although CXCL10 treatment promoted phosphorylation and activation of the FAK, Erk, and p38 pathways during hypoxia/ischemia, CXCL10-mediated CMEC migration was significantly blocked by p38 and FAK inhibitors, but not by an Erk inhibitor. Furthermore, CXCL10-mediated FAK activation was suppressed by the p38 inhibitor. These findings indicated that the CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway promotes the migration of CMECs under normal conditions and during hypoxia/ischemia in a proliferation-independent manner, at least in part, through regulation of the p38/FAK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK), Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cheng-Zhou Mao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK), Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK), Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK), Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK), Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Deng-Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK), Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon 220-701, South Korea
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon 220-701, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK), Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xu-Feng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK), Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Gaestel M. MAPK-Activated Protein Kinases (MKs): Novel Insights and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 3:88. [PMID: 26779481 PMCID: PMC4705221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream of MAPKs, such as classical/atypical ERKs and p38 MAPKs, but not of JNKs, signaling is often mediated by protein kinases which are phosphorylated and activated by MAPKs and, therefore, designated MAPK-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs). Recently, novel insights into the specificity of the assembly of MAPK/MAPKAPK hetero-dimeric protein kinase signaling complexes have been gained. In addition, new functional aspects of MKs have been described and established functions have been challenged. This short review will summarize recent developments including the linear motif (LM) in MKs, the ERK-independent activation of RSK, the RSK-independent effects of some RSK-inhibitors and the challenged role of MK5/PRAK in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gaestel
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical University Hannover, Germany
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Zhu A, Kang N, He L, Li X, Xu X, Zhang H. MiR-221 and miR-26b Regulate Chemotactic Migration of MSCs Toward HGF Through Activation of Akt and FAK. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1370-83. [PMID: 26538296 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemotactic migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is fundamental for their use in cell-based therapies, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate their directed migration. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the regulation of a large variety of cellular processes. However, their roles in regulating the responses of MSCs to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) remain elusive. Here, we found that microRNA-221 (miR-221) and microRNA-26b (miR-26b) were upregulated in MSCs subjected to HGF. Overexpression of miR-221 or miR-26b enhanced MSC migration through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) was identified as a potential target of miR-221 and miR-26b; overexpression of miR-221 or miR-26b decreased PTEN expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of miR-221 or miR-26b in MSCs increased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a downstream effector of PTEN, which regulates cell migration through assembly and distribution of focal adhesions (FAs), and more dot-like FAs were localized at the periphery of these cells. Altering miR-221 or miR-26b expression influenced the directed migration of MSCs toward HGF. Inhibition of miR-221 or miR-26b suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and FAK and upregulated PTEN expression, which was partly restored by HGF treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miR-221 and miR-26b participate in regulating the chemotactic response of MSCs toward HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisi Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Naixin Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xianyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Vega GG, Avilés-Salas A, Chalapud JR, Martinez-Paniagua M, Pelayo R, Mayani H, Hernandez-Pando R, Martinez-Maza O, Huerta-Yepez S, Bonavida B, Vega MI. P38 MAPK expression and activation predicts failure of response to CHOP in patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:722. [PMID: 26475474 PMCID: PMC4609122 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p38 MAPK is constitutively activated in B-NHL cell lines and regulates chemoresistance. Accordingly, we hypothesized that activated p38 MAPK may be associated with the in vivo unresponsiveness to chemotherapy in B-NHL patients. METHODS Tissue microarrays generated from eighty untreated patients with Diffused Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) were examined by immunohistochemistry for the expression of p38 and phospho p38 (p-p38) MAPK. In addition, both Bcl-2 and NF-κB expressions were determined. Kaplan Meier analysis was assessed. RESULTS Tumor tissues expressed p38 MAPK (82 %) and p-p38 MAPK (30 %). Both p38 and p-p38 MAPK expressions correlated with the high score performance status. A significant correlation was found between the expression p-p38 and poor response to CHOP. The five year median follow-up FFS was 81 % for p38(-) and 34 % for p38(+) and for OS was 83 % for p38(-) and 47 % for p38(+). The p-p38(+) tissues expressed Bcl-2 and 90 % of p-p38(-) where Bcl-2(-). The coexpression of p-p38 and Bcl-2 correlated with pool EFS and OS. There was no correlation between the expression of p-p38 and the expression of NF-κB. CONCLUSION The findings revealed, for the first time, that a subset of patients with DLBCL and whose tumors expressed high p-p38 MAPK responded poorly to CHOP therapy and had poor EFS and OS. The expression of p38, p-p38, Bcl2 and the ABC subtype are significant risk factors both p38 and p-p38 expressions remain independent prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel G Vega
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina Programa de Posgrado, Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas UNAM, México City, DF, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Avilés-Salas
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, SSA, México City, México.
| | - J Ramón Chalapud
- Servicio de Hematología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, SSA, México City, México.
| | - Melisa Martinez-Paniagua
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, CMN La Raza, IMSS, México City, México.
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Hernandez-Pando
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, SSA, México City, México.
| | - Otoniel Martinez-Maza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, SSA, México City, México.
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mario I Vega
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Ronkina N, Johansen C, Bohlmann L, Lafera J, Menon MB, Tiedje C, Laaß K, Turk BE, Iversen L, Kotlyarov A, Gaestel M. Comparative Analysis of Two Gene-Targeting Approaches Challenges the Tumor-Suppressive Role of the Protein Kinase MK5/PRAK. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136138. [PMID: 26295581 PMCID: PMC4546416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MK5 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 5) or PRAK (p38-regulated and -activated kinase) are alternative names for a serine/threonine protein kinase downstream to ERK3/4 and p38 MAPK. A previous gene targeting approach for MK5/PRAK (termed here MK5/PRAK-Δex8) revealed a seemingly tumor-suppressive role of MK5/PRAK in DMBA-induced one step skin carcinogenesis and Ras-induced transformation. Here we demonstrate that an alternative targeting strategy of MK5/PRAK (termed MK5/PRAK-Δex6) increased neither tumor incidence in the one step skin carcinogenesis model, nor Ras-induced transformation in primary cells. Interestingly, due to the targeting strategies and exon skipping both knockouts do not completely abolish the generation of MK5/PRAK protein, but express MK5/PRAK deletion mutants with different biochemical properties depending on the exon targeted: Targeting of exon 6 leads to expression of an unstable cytoplasmic catalytically inactive MK5/PRAK-Δex6 mutant while targeting of exon 8 results in a more stable nuclear MK5/PRAK-Δex8 mutant with residual catalytic activity. The different properties of the MK5/PRAK deletion mutants could be responsible for the observed discrepancy between the knockout strains and challenge the role of MK5/PRAK in p53-dependent tumor suppression. Further MK5/PRAK knockout and knock-in mouse strains will be necessary to assign a physiological function to MK5/PRAK in this model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ronkina
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lisa Bohlmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juri Lafera
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manoj B. Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Laaß
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin E. Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexey Kotlyarov
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Probucol Protects Against Asymmetric Dimethylarginine-Induced Apoptosis in the Cultured Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:546-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gupta J, Nebreda AR. Roles of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase in mouse models of inflammatory diseases and cancer. FEBS J 2015; 282:1841-57. [PMID: 25728574 PMCID: PMC5006851 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway not only regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, but also controls processes related to tissue homeostasis, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, which are often disrupted during malignant transformation. The versatility of this signaling pathway allows for the regulation of many specific functions depending on the cell type and context. Here, we discuss mouse models that have been used to identify in vivo functions of p38α signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Experiments using genetically modified mice and pharmacological inhibitors support that targeting the p38α pathway could be therapeutically useful for some inflammatory diseases and tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaj Gupta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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38
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PRAK interacts with DJ-1 and prevents oxidative stress-induced cell death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:735618. [PMID: 25383140 PMCID: PMC4212658 DOI: 10.1155/2014/735618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a core member of p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway, p38 regulated/activated kinase (PRAK) is activated by cellular stresses. However, the function of PRAK and its downstream interacting partner remain undefined. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified DJ-1 as a potential PRAK interacting protein. We further verified that DJ-1 bound to PRAK in vitro and in vivo and colocalized with PRAK in the nuclei of NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, following H2O2 stimulation the majority of endogenous DJ-1 in PRAK+/+ cells still remained in the nucleus, whereas most DJ-1 in PRAK−/− cells translocated from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, indicating that PRAK is essential for DJ-1 to localize in the nucleus. In addition, PRAK-associated phosphorylation of DJ-1 was observed in vitro and in vivo of H2O2-challenged PRAK+/+ cells. Cytoplasmic translocation of DJ-1 in H2O2-treated PRAK−/− cells lost its ability to sequester Daxx, a death protein, in the nucleus, and as a result, Daxx gained access to the cytoplasm and triggered cell death. These data highlight that DJ-1 is the downstream interacting target for PRAK, and in response to oxidative stress PRAK may exert a cytoprotective effect by facilitating DJ-1 to sequester Daxx in the nucleus, thus preventing cell death.
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Wang W, Bian K, Vallabhaneni S, Zhang B, Wu RC, O'Malley BW, Long W. ERK3 promotes endothelial cell functions by upregulating SRC-3/SP1-mediated VEGFR2 expression. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1529-37. [PMID: 24585635 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite a regain of interest recently in ERK3 kinase signaling, the molecular regulations of both ERK3 gene expression and protein kinase activity are still largely unknown. While it is shown that disruption of ERK3 gene causes neonatal lethality, cell type-specific functions of ERK3 signaling remain to be explored. In this study, we report that ERK3 gene expression is upregulated by cytokines through c-Jun in endothelial cells; c-Jun binds to the ERK3 gene and regulates its transcription. We further reveal a new role for ERK3 in regulating endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tube formation by upregulating SRC-3/SP-1-mediated VEGFR2 expression. The underlying molecular mechanism involves ERK3-stimulated formation of a transcriptional complex involving coactivator SRC-3, transcription factor SP-1 and the secondary coactivator CBP. Taken together, our study identified a molecular regulatory mechanism of ERK3 gene expression and revealed a previously unknown role of ERK3 in regulating endothelial cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
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Dwyer SF, Gelman IH. Cross-Phosphorylation and Interaction between Src/FAK and MAPKAP5/PRAK in Early Focal Adhesions Controls Cell Motility. JOURNAL OF CANCER BIOLOGY & RESEARCH 2014; 2:1045. [PMID: 26042227 PMCID: PMC4450445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
P38-regulated and activated kinase (PRAK/MAPKAPK5) is a serine/threonine kinase which lies downstream of the p38 and ERK3/4 MAP kinase pathways. PRAK plays diverse roles in the processes of cell growth, nutrient starvation response, programmed cell death, senescence and motility. PRAK has been shown to both promote and inhibit cell motility in different contexts. The pro-motility functions of PRAK are attributed mainly to cytoskeletal rearrangement occurring downstream of its phosphorylated substrate HSP27; however, it was recently shown that PRAK is required for motility in endothelial cells upstream of Focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Along with Src, FAK functions as a mediator of motility signaling through the phosphorylation of substrates in focal adhesions. Here, we show that PRAK, initially identified as a FAK substrate in an in situ/ kinase overlay assay, is a Src substrate, the phosphorylation of which directs PRAK to focal adhesions. Focal adhesion localization of PRAK was not found to affect cell motility, however transient over expression of PRAK inhibited motility in HeLa cells. This effect requires PRAK kinase activity and proceeds through an impairment of FAK activation via phosphorylation on Y861. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that PRAK is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation, localizes to focal adhesions, and interacts physically with and can phosphorylate FAK/Src. Further we provide a novel mechanism for the inhibition of motility downstream of PRAK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Corresponding author. Irwin Gelman, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263 USA, Tel: (716) 845-7681; Fax: (716) 845-1698;
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Xu Y, Li N, Xiang R, Sun P. Emerging roles of the p38 MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in oncogene-induced senescence. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:268-76. [PMID: 24818748 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a tumor-suppressing response that must be disrupted for cancer to develop. Mechanistic insights into OIS have begun to emerge. Activation of the p53/p21(WAF1) and/or p16(INK4A) tumor-suppressor pathways is essential for OIS. Moreover, the DNA damage response, chromatin remodeling, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are important for the initiation and maintenance of OIS. This review discusses recent advances in elucidating the mechanisms of OIS, focusing on the roles of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/cellular homolog of murine thymoma virus AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. These studies indicate that OIS is mediated by an intricate signaling network. Further delineation of this network may lead to development of new cancer therapies targeting OIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Xu
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300071; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Na Li
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300071
| | - Rong Xiang
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300071
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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42
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Moens U, Kostenko S. Structure and function of MK5/PRAK: the loner among the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinases. Biol Chem 2014; 394:1115-32. [PMID: 23729623 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are important signal transduction pathways that control pivotal cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, gene regulation, and motility. MAPK pathways consist of a relay of consecutive phosphorylation events exerted by MAPK kinase kinases, MAPK kinases, and MAPKs. Conventional MAPKs are characterized by a conserved Thr-X-Tyr motif in the activation loop of the kinase domain, while atypical MAPKs lack this motif and do not seem to be organized into the classical three-tiered kinase cascade. One functional group of conventional and atypical MAPK substrates consists of protein kinases known as MAPK-activated protein kinases. Eleven mammalian MAPK-activated protein kinases have been identified, and they are divided into five subgroups: the ribosomal-S6-kinases RSK1-4, the MAPK-interacting kinases MNK1 and 2, the mitogen- and stress-activated kinases MSK1 and 2, the MAPK-activated protein kinases MK2 and 3, and the MAPK-activated protein kinase MK5 (also referred to as PRAK). MK5/PRAK is the only MAPK-activated protein kinase that is a substrate for both conventional and atypical MAPK, while all other MAPKAPKs are exclusively phosphorylated by conventional MAPKs. This review focuses on the structure, activation, substrates, functions, and possible implications of MK5/PRAK in malignant and nonmalignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Moens
- University of Tromsø Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Molecular Inflammation Research Group, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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43
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Gupta J, del Barco Barrantes I, Igea A, Sakellariou S, Pateras IS, Gorgoulis VG, Nebreda AR. Dual function of p38α MAPK in colon cancer: suppression of colitis-associated tumor initiation but requirement for cancer cell survival. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:484-500. [PMID: 24684847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is frequently associated with chronic inflammation, with the intestinal epithelial barrier playing an important protective role against the infections and injuries that cause colitis. The p38α pathway regulates inflammatory responses but can also suppress tumor initiation in epithelial cells. We have found that p38α signaling has a dual function in colorectal tumorigenesis. On one side, p38α protects intestinal epithelial cells against colitis-associated colon cancer by regulating intestinal epithelial barrier function. Accordingly, p38α downregulation results in enhanced colitis-induced epithelial damage and inflammation, which potentiates colon tumor formation. Surprisingly, inhibition of p38α in transformed colon epithelial cells reduces tumor burden. Thus, p38α suppresses inflammation-associated epithelial damage and tumorigenesis but contributes to the proliferation and survival of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaj Gupta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Igea
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stratigoula Sakellariou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4878-902. [PMID: 24651460 PMCID: PMC3975429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase MK5 is a substrate of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, ERK3 and ERK4. Cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that MK5 is involved in tumour suppression and promotion, embryogenesis, anxiety, cell motility and cell cycle regulation. In the present study, homology models of MK5 were used for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of: (1) MK5 alone; (2) MK5 in complex with an inhibitor; and (3) MK5 in complex with the interaction partner p38α. The calculations showed that the inhibitor occupied the active site and disrupted the intramolecular network of amino acids. However, intramolecular interactions consistent with an inactive protein kinase fold were not formed. MD with p38α showed that not only the p38 docking region, but also amino acids in the activation segment, αH helix, P-loop, regulatory phosphorylation region and the C-terminal of MK5 may be involved in forming a very stable MK5-p38α complex, and that p38α binding decreases the residual fluctuation of the MK5 model. Electrostatic Potential Surface (EPS) calculations of MK5 and p38α showed that electrostatic interactions are important for recognition and binding.
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45
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Nagahama KY, Togo S, Holz O, Magnussen H, Liu X, Seyama K, Takahashi K, Rennard SI. Oncostatin M modulates fibroblast function via signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins-3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:582-91. [PMID: 23668543 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0460oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), an inflammatory cytokine of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily, plays a key role in various biological processes such as modulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), cell proliferation, cell survival, and induction of inflammation. It has been reported that OSM was increased in asthma and pulmonary fibrosis, and thus OSM may play a role in airway remodeling and the development of lung parenchymal fibrosis. Recruitment of lung fibroblasts to the sites of airway injury and subsequent differentiation into myofibroblasts is believed to contribute to excess ECM deposition. In the current study, we assessed the ability of OSM to modulate fibroblast collagen gel contraction, migration toward fibronectin, and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). We demonstrated that OSM augments gel contraction, chemotaxis, and α-SMA expression. OSM-augmented fibroblast chemotaxis was mediated by the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, while augmentation on gel contraction and α-SMA expression was mediated by STAT3. Neither transforming growth factor-β1 nor PGE2 was involved in mediating OSM effect on the cells. The Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which also are believed to play an important role in promoting lung fibrosis and airway remodeling, act through STAT3, and we demonstrated the potential for additive effects of OSM with IL-4 and IL-13. The present study supports the concept that OSM may contribute to tissue remodeling, which may be additive with IL-4 or IL-13. Blockade of OSM or OSM-mediated STAT3 signaling could be a therapeutic target to regulate lung fibrotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Yoneda Nagahama
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Leelahavanichkul K, Amornphimoltham P, Molinolo AA, Basile JR, Koontongkaew S, Gutkind JS. A role for p38 MAPK in head and neck cancer cell growth and tumor-induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:105-18. [PMID: 24216180 PMCID: PMC3946852 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently gained a remarkable understanding of the mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the nature of the dysregulated signaling networks contributing to HNSCC progression is still poorly defined. Here, we have focused on the role of the family of mitogen activated kinases (MAPKs), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK in HNSCC. Immunohistochemical analysis of a large collection of human HNSCC tissues revealed that the levels of the phosphorylated active form of ERK1/2 and JNK were elevated in less than 33% and 16% of the cases, respectively. Strikingly, however, high levels of active phospho-p38 were observed in most (79%) of hundreds of tissues analyzed. We explored the biological role of p38 in HNSCC cell lines using three independent approaches: treatment with a specific p38 inhibitor, SB203580; a retro-inhibition strategy consisting in the use of SB203580 combined with the expression of an inhibitor-insensitive mutant form of p38α; and short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting p38α. We found that specific blockade of p38 signaling significantly inhibited the proliferation of HNSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, we observed that p38 inhibition in HNSCC cancer cells reduces cancer growth in tumor xenografts and a remarkable decrease in intratumoral blood and lymphatic vessels. We conclude that p38α functions as a positive regulator of HNSCC in the context of the tumor microenvironment, controlling cancer cell growth as well as tumor-induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantima Leelahavanichkul
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Panomwat Amornphimoltham
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Basile
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wong MS, Sidik SM, Mahmud R, Stanslas J. Molecular targets in the discovery and development of novel antimetastatic agents: current progress and future prospects. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:307-19. [PMID: 23534409 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumour invasion and metastasis have been recognized as major causal factors in the morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. Many advances in the knowledge of cancer metastasis have yielded an impressive array of attractive drug targets, including enzymes, receptors and multiple signalling pathways. The present review summarizes the molecular pathogenesis of metastasis and the identification of novel molecular targets used in the discovery of antimetastatic agents. Several promising targets have been highlighted, including receptor tyrosine kinases, effector molecules involved in angiogenesis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), urokinase plasminogen activator, adhesion molecules and their receptors, signalling pathways (e.g. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase Cγ1, mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Src kinase, c-Met kinases and heat shock protein. The discovery and development of potential novel therapeutics for each of the targets are also discussed in this review. Among these, the most promising agents that have shown remarkable clinical outcome are anti-angiogenic agents (e.g. bevacizumab). Newer agents, such as c-Met kinase inhibitors, are still undergoing preclinical studies and are yet to have their clinical efficacy proven. Some therapeutics, such as first-generation MMP inhibitors (MMPIs; e.g. marimastat) and more selective versions of them (e.g. prinomastat, tanomastat), have undergone clinical trials. Unfortunately, these drugs produced serious adverse effects that led to the premature termination of their development. In the future, third-generation MMPIs and inhibitors of signalling pathways and adhesion molecules could form valuable novel classes of drugs in the anticancer armamentarium to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei S Wong
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lyu J, Hu Y, Xu X, Zhang H. Dynamics of focal adhesions and reorganization of F-actin in VEGF-stimulated NSCs under varying differentiation states. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1744-59. [PMID: 23444112 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Precise migration of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) is crucially important for neurogenesis and repair in the nervous system. However, the detailed mechanisms are not clear. Our previous results showed that NSCs in varying differentiation states possess different migratory ability to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, we demonstrate the different dynamics of focal adhesions (FAs) and reorganization of F-actin in NSCs during spreading and migration stimulated by VEGF. We found that the migrating NSCs of 0.5 and 1 day differentiation possess more FAs at leading edge than cells of other states. Moreover, the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin in NSCs correlates closely with their differentiation states. VEGF promotes FA formation with broad lamellipodium generation at the leading edge in chemotaxing cells of 0, 0.5, and 1 day differentiation, but not in cells of 3 days differentiation. Furthermore, cells of 1 day differentiation show a maximal asymmetry of FAs between lamella and cell rear, orchestrating cell polarization and directional migration. Time-lapse video analysis shows that the disassembly of FAs and the cell tail detachment in NSCs of 1 day differentiation are more rapid, along with the concurrent enlarged size of FAs at the leading edge, leading to the most effective chemotactic response to VEGF. Collectively, these results indicate that the dynamics of FAs and reorganization of F-actin in NSCs that undergo directional migration correlate closely with their differentiation states, contributing to the different chemotactic responses of these cells to VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Lyu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
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Lindin I, Wuxiuer Y, Kufareva I, Abagyan R, Moens U, Sylte I, Ravna AW. Homology modeling and ligand docking of Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5 (MK5). Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:56. [PMID: 24034446 PMCID: PMC3848485 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5 (MK5) is involved in one of the major signaling pathways in cells, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. MK5 was discovered in 1998 by the groups of Houng Ni and Ligou New, and was found to be highly conserved throughout the vertebrates. Studies, both in vivo and in vitro, have shown that it is implicated in tumor suppression as well as tumor promotion, embryogenesis, anxiety, locomotion, cell motility and cell cycle regulation. METHODS In order to obtain a molecular model of MK5 that can be used as a working tool for development of chemical probes, three MK5 models were constructed and refined based on three different known crystal structures of the closely related MKs; MK2 [PDB: 2OZA and PDB: 3M2W] and MK3 [PDB: 3FHR]. The main purpose of the present MK5 molecular modeling study was to identify the best suited template for making a MK5 model. The ability of the generated models to effectively discriminate between known inhibitors and decoys was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS According to the ROC curve analyzes, the refined model based on 3FHR was most effective in discrimination between known inhibitors and decoys. CONCLUSIONS The 3FHR-based MK5 model may serve as a working tool for development of chemical probes using computer aided drug design. The biological function of MK5 still remains elusive, but its role as a possible drug target may be elucidated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Lindin
- Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø No-9037, Norway.
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Chow KT, Timblin GA, McWhirter SM, Schlissel MS. MK5 activates Rag transcription via Foxo1 in developing B cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1621-34. [PMID: 23878308 PMCID: PMC3727319 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The kinase MK5 phosphorylates and activates Foxo1 at serine 215, and this modification is required for Foxo1 to induce Rag transcription. Foxo1 is a critical, direct regulator of Rag (recombination activating gene) transcription during B cell development and is thus essential for the generation of a diverse repertoire of antigen receptors. Although Foxo1 regulation has been widely studied in many cell types, pathways regulating Foxo1 in B cells have not been fully elucidated. By screening a panel of Foxo1 mutants, we identified serine 215 on Foxo1 as a novel phosphorylation site that is essential for the activation of Rag transcription. Mutation of S215 strongly attenuated transactivation of Rag but did not affect most other Foxo1 target genes. We show that MK5, a MAPK-activated protein kinase, is a previously unidentified upstream regulator of Foxo1. MK5 was necessary and sufficient to activate Rag transcription in transformed and primary pro–B cells. Together, our experiments show that MK5 positively regulates Rag transcription via phosphorylation of Foxo1 in developing B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan T Chow
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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