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Feng L, Zhang H, Liu T. Multifaceted roles of IKZF1 gene, perspectives from bench to bedside. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1383419. [PMID: 38978740 PMCID: PMC11228169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1383419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to the family of zinc-finger DNA-binding proteins associated with chromatin remodeling. The protein product, IKAROS, had been proved to regulate lymphopoiesis. Subsequent mouse model studies have further confirmed its regulating role in lymphopoiesis as well as in hematopoiesis; besides, it associates with immune function, certain immune disorders like common variable immunodeficiency and dysgammaglobulinemia have been proved to be associated with germline IKZF1 mutations. Dysfunction of IKAROS also bears paramount significance in leukemic transformation and alterations of IKZF1 gene predicts a poor prognosis in hematological malignancies. As an independent prognostic marker, IKZF1 has been incorporated in the risk stratification of BCP-ALL and stratification-guided therapy has also been generated. In this review, we provide a concise and comprehensive overview on the multifaceted roles of IKZF1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Thomas RM, Pahl MC, Wang L, Grant SFA, Hancock WW, Wells AD. Foxp3 depends on Ikaros for control of regulatory T cell gene expression and function. eLife 2024; 12:RP91392. [PMID: 38655862 PMCID: PMC11042806 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a transcriptional factor required for conventional T cell development, differentiation, and anergy. While the related factors Helios and Eos have defined roles in regulatory T cells (Treg), a role for Ikaros has not been established. To determine the function of Ikaros in the Treg lineage, we generated mice with Treg-specific deletion of the Ikaros gene (Ikzf1). We find that Ikaros cooperates with Foxp3 to establish a major portion of the Treg epigenome and transcriptome. Ikaros-deficient Treg exhibit Th1-like gene expression with abnormal production of IL-2, IFNg, TNFa, and factors involved in Wnt and Notch signaling. While Ikzf1-Treg-cko mice do not develop spontaneous autoimmunity, Ikaros-deficient Treg are unable to control conventional T cell-mediated immune pathology in response to TCR and inflammatory stimuli in models of IBD and organ transplantation. These studies establish Ikaros as a core factor required in Treg for tolerance and the control of inflammatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan M Thomas
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Struan FA Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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3
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Yomogida K, Trsan T, Sudan R, Rodrigues PF, Ulezko Antonova A, Ingle H, Luccia BD, Collins PL, Cella M, Gilfillan S, Baldridge MT, Oltz EM, Colonna M. The transcription factor Aiolos restrains the activation of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:77-87. [PMID: 38049581 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) exhibit prompt innate-like responses to microenvironmental cues and require strict control of effector functions. Here we showed that Aiolos, an Ikaros zinc-finger family member encoded by Ikzf3, acted as a regulator of IEL activation. Ikzf3-/- CD8αα+ IELs had elevated expression of NK receptors, cytotoxic enzymes, cytokines and chemokines. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Ikzf3-/- and Ikzf3+/+ IELs showed an amplified effector machinery in Ikzf3-/- CD8αα+ IELs compared to Ikzf3+/+ counterparts. Ikzf3-/- CD8αα+ IELs had increased responsiveness to interleukin-15, which explained a substantial part, but not all, of the observed phenotypes. Aiolos binding sites were close to those for the transcription factors STAT5 and RUNX, which promote interleukin-15 signaling and cytolytic programs, and Ikzf3 deficiency partially increased chromatin accessibility and histone acetylation in these regions. Ikzf3 deficiency in mice enhanced susceptibility to colitis, underscoring the relevance of Aiolos in regulating the effector function in IELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yomogida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tihana Trsan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raki Sudan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick F Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alina Ulezko Antonova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harshad Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Mohajeri A, Vaseghi-Shanjani M, Rosenfeld JA, Yang GX, Lu H, Sharma M, Lin S, Salman A, Waqas M, Sababi Azamian M, Worley KC, Del Bel KL, Kozak FK, Rahmanian R, Biggs CM, Hildebrand KJ, Lalani SR, Nicholas SK, Scott DA, Mostafavi S, van Karnebeek C, Henkelman E, Halparin J, Yang CL, Armstrong L, Turvey SE, Lehman A. Dominant negative variants in IKZF2 cause ICHAD syndrome, a new disorder characterised by immunodysregulation, craniofacial anomalies, hearing impairment, athelia and developmental delay. J Med Genet 2023; 60:1092-1104. [PMID: 37316189 PMCID: PMC11206234 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helios (encoded by IKZF2), a member of the Ikaros family of transcription factors, is a zinc finger protein involved in embryogenesis and immune function. Although predominantly recognised for its role in the development and function of T lymphocytes, particularly the CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), the expression and function of Helios extends beyond the immune system. During embryogenesis, Helios is expressed in a wide range of tissues, making genetic variants that disrupt the function of Helios strong candidates for causing widespread immune-related and developmental abnormalities in humans. METHODS We performed detailed phenotypic, genomic and functional investigations on two unrelated individuals with a phenotype of immune dysregulation combined with syndromic features including craniofacial differences, sensorineural hearing loss and congenital abnormalities. RESULTS Genome sequencing revealed de novo heterozygous variants that alter the critical DNA-binding zinc fingers (ZFs) of Helios. Proband 1 had a tandem duplication of ZFs 2 and 3 in the DNA-binding domain of Helios (p.Gly136_Ser191dup) and Proband 2 had a missense variant impacting one of the key residues for specific base recognition and DNA interaction in ZF2 of Helios (p.Gly153Arg). Functional studies confirmed that both these variant proteins are expressed and that they interfere with the ability of the wild-type Helios protein to perform its canonical function-repressing IL2 transcription activity-in a dominant negative manner. CONCLUSION This study is the first to describe dominant negative IKZF2 variants. These variants cause a novel genetic syndrome characterised by immunodysregulation, craniofacial anomalies, hearing impairment, athelia and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maryam Vaseghi-Shanjani
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gui Xiang Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Henry Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mehul Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Areesha Salman
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Meriam Waqas
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mahshid Sababi Azamian
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kim C Worley
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kate L Del Bel
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frederick K Kozak
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ronak Rahmanian
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine M Biggs
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyla J Hildebrand
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah K Nicholas
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Clara van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erika Henkelman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica Halparin
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Connie L Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linlea Armstrong
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, BC Children's & Women's Hosp, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Affar M, Bottardi S, Quansah N, Lemarié M, Ramón AC, Affar EB, Milot E. IKAROS: from chromatin organization to transcriptional elongation control. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01212-2. [PMID: 37620540 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IKAROS is a master regulator of cell fate determination in lymphoid and other hematopoietic cells. This transcription factor orchestrates the association of epigenetic regulators with chromatin, ensuring the expression pattern of target genes in a developmental and lineage-specific manner. Disruption of IKAROS function has been associated with the development of acute lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukemia and immune disorders. Paradoxically, while IKAROS has been shown to be a tumor suppressor, it has also been identified as a key therapeutic target in the treatment of various forms of hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma. Indeed, targeted proteolysis of IKAROS is associated with decreased proliferation and increased death of malignant cells. Although the molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated, the expression levels of IKAROS are variable during hematopoiesis and could therefore be a key determinant in explaining how its absence can have seemingly opposite effects. Mechanistically, IKAROS collaborates with a variety of proteins and complexes controlling chromatin organization at gene regulatory regions, including the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase complex, and may facilitate transcriptional repression or activation of specific genes. Several transcriptional regulatory functions of IKAROS have been proposed. An emerging mechanism of action involves the ability of IKAROS to promote gene repression or activation through its interaction with the RNA polymerase II machinery, which influences pausing and productive transcription at specific genes. This control appears to be influenced by IKAROS expression levels and isoform production. In here, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the biological roles and mechanisms by which IKAROS regulates gene expression. We highlight the dynamic regulation of this factor by post-translational modifications. Finally, potential avenues to explain how IKAROS destruction may be favorable in the treatment of certain hematological malignancies are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Affar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Stefania Bottardi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Norreen Quansah
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Maud Lemarié
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Ailyn C Ramón
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - El Bachir Affar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Eric Milot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
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6
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Osada N, Kikuchi J, Iha H, Yasui H, Ikeda S, Takahashi N, Furukawa Y. c-FOS is an integral component of the IKZF1 transactivator complex and mediates lenalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1364. [PMID: 37581569 PMCID: PMC10426395 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide, which is now widely used for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), exerts pharmacological action through the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IKZF1 and subsequent down-regulation of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a critical factor for the survival of MM cells. IKZF1 acts principally as a tumour suppressor via transcriptional repression of oncogenes in normal lymphoid lineages. In contrast, IKZF1 activates IRF4 and other oncogenes in MM cells, suggesting the involvement of unknown co-factors in switching the IKZF1 complex from a transcriptional repressor to an activator. The transactivating components of the IKZF1 complex might promote lenalidomide resistance by residing on regulatory regions of the IRF4 gene to maintain its transcription after IKZF1 degradation. METHODS To identify unknown components of the IKZF1 complex, we analyzed the genome-wide binding of IKZF1 in MM cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and screened for the co-occupancy of IKZF1 with other DNA-binding factors on the myeloma genome using the ChIP-Atlas platform. RESULTS We found that c-FOS, a member of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) family, is an integral component of the IKZF1 complex and is primarily responsible for the activator function of the complex in MM cells. The genome-wide screening revealed the co-occupancy of c-FOS with IKZF1 on the regulatory regions of IKZF1-target genes, including IRF4 and SLAMF7, in MM cells but not normal bone marrow progenitors, pre-B cells or mature T-lymphocytes. c-FOS and IKZF1 bound to the same consensus sequence as the IKZF1 complex through direct protein-protein interactions. The complex also includes c-JUN and IKZF3 but not IRF4. Treatment of MM cells with short-hairpin RNA against FOS or a selective AP-1 inhibitor significantly enhanced the anti-MM activity of lenalidomide in vitro and in two murine MM models. Furthermore, an AP-1 inhibitor mitigated the lenalidomide resistance of MM cells. CONCLUSIONS C-FOS determines lenalidomide sensitivity and mediates drug resistance in MM cells as a co-factor of IKZF1 and thus, could be a novel therapeutic target for further improvement of the prognosis of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Osada
- Division of Stem Cell RegulationCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Jiro Kikuchi
- Division of Stem Cell RegulationCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Division of PathophysiologyThe Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases (RCGLID)Oita UniversityOitaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yasui
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineSt. Marianna University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Project Division of Innovative Diagnostics Technology Platform, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Sho Ikeda
- Department of HematologyNephrology and RheumatologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of HematologyNephrology and RheumatologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Stem Cell RegulationCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
- Center for Medical EducationTeikyo University of ScienceTokyoJapan
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7
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Kuehn HS, Boast B, Rosenzweig SD. Inborn errors of human IKAROS: LOF and GOF variants associated with primary immunodeficiency. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:129-136. [PMID: 36433803 PMCID: PMC10128159 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IKAROS/IKZF1 plays a pivotal role in lymphocyte differentiation and development. Germline mutations in IKZF1, which have been shown to be associated with primary immunodeficiency, can be classified through four different mechanisms of action depending on the protein expression and its functional defects: haploinsufficiency, dimerization defective, dominant negative, and gain of function. These different mechanisms are associated with variable degrees of susceptibility to infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, allergic diseases, and malignancies. To date, more than 30 heterozygous IKZF1 germline variants have been reported in patients with primary immunodeficiency. Here we review recent discoveries and clinical/immunological characterization of IKAROS-associated diseases that are linked to different mechanisms of action in IKAROS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brigette Boast
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Read KA, Jones DM, Pokhrel S, Hales EDS, Varkey A, Tuazon JA, Eisele CD, Abdouni O, Saadey A, Leonard MR, Warren RT, Powell MD, Boss JM, Hemann EA, Yount JS, Xin G, Ghoneim HE, Lio CWJ, Freud AG, Collins PL, Oestreich KJ. Aiolos represses CD4 + T cell cytotoxic programming via reciprocal regulation of T FH transcription factors and IL-2 sensitivity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1652. [PMID: 36964178 PMCID: PMC10039023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During intracellular infection, T follicular helper (TFH) and T helper 1 (TH1) cells promote humoral and cell-mediated responses, respectively. Another subset, CD4-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4-CTLs), eliminate infected cells via functions typically associated with CD8+ T cells. The mechanisms underlying differentiation of these populations are incompletely understood. Here, we identify the transcription factor Aiolos as a reciprocal regulator of TFH and CD4-CTL programming. We find that Aiolos deficiency results in downregulation of key TFH transcription factors, and consequently reduced TFH differentiation and antibody production, during influenza virus infection. Conversely, CD4-CTL programming is elevated, including enhanced Eomes and cytolytic molecule expression. We further demonstrate that Aiolos deficiency allows for enhanced IL-2 sensitivity and increased STAT5 association with CD4-CTL gene targets, including Eomes, effector molecules, and IL2Ra. Thus, our collective findings identify Aiolos as a pivotal regulator of CD4-CTL and TFH programming and highlight its potential as a target for manipulating CD4+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Read
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Devin M Jones
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Srijana Pokhrel
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Emily D S Hales
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aditi Varkey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jasmine A Tuazon
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Caprice D Eisele
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Omar Abdouni
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abbey Saadey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Melissa R Leonard
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Combined Anatomic Pathology Residency/PhD Program, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Robert T Warren
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael D Powell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chan-Wang J Lio
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kenneth J Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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9
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Yang LK, Lin CX, Li SH, Liang JJ, Xiao LL, Xie GH, Liu HW, Liao X. Novel IKZF3 transcriptomic signature correlates with positive outcomes of skin cutaneous melanoma: A pan-cancer analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1036402. [PMID: 36353107 PMCID: PMC9638148 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1036402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential relationship between Ikaros family genes and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), we undertook a pan-cancer analysis of the transcriptional signature and clinical data of melanoma through multiple databases. First, 10,327 transcriptomic samples from different cancers were included to determine the overall characteristics and clinical prognoses associated with Ikaros gene expression across cancer types. Second, differentially expressed genes analysis, prognostic evaluation, and gene set enrichment analysis were employed to investigate the role of Ikaros (IKZF) genes in SKCM. Third, we evaluated the relationship between Ikaros family genes and SKCM immune infiltrates and verified the findings using the GEO single-cell sequencing dataset. The results show that Ikaros genes were widely expressed among different cancer types with independently similar patterns as follows: 1. IKZF1 and IKZF3, and 2. IKZF2 and IKZF4–5. IKZF2 and IKZF5 were downregulated in the primary tumor, and IKZF1–3 expression decreased significantly as the T-stage or metastasis increased in SKCM. Moreover, high IKZF1–3 expression was associated with better overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval. IKZF3 is an independent prognostic factor of SKCM. Among Ikaros genes, the expression of IKZF1 and IKZF3 positively correlated with the infiltration level of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and Tregs in SKCM and negatively correlated with the infiltration level of M0 and M1 macrophages. Moreover, single-cell sequencing data analysis revealed that IKZF1 and IKZF3 were mainly expressed by immune cells. Correlation analysis shows the immune factors and drug responses associated with IKZF3 expression. In conclusion, the present study is the first, to our knowledge, to identify a pan-cancer genomic signature of the Ikaros gene family among different cancers. Expression of these family members, particularly high levels of IKZF3, indicate positive immunological status and beneficial clinical outcomes of SKCM. IKZF3 may therefore serve as potential targets for immunotherapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuan Liao
- *Correspondence: Hong-Wei Liu, ; Xuan Liao,
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10
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Yamashita M, Morio T. AIOLOS Variants Causing Immunodeficiency in Human and Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866582. [PMID: 35444653 PMCID: PMC9014263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIOLOS is encoded by IKZF3 and is a member of the IKAROS zinc finger transcription factor family. Heterozygous missense variants in the second zinc finger of AIOLOS have recently been reported to be found in the families of patients with inborn errors of immunity. The AIOLOSG159R variant was identified in patients with B-lymphopenia and familial Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoma. Early B-cell progenitors were significantly reduced in the bone marrow of patients with AIOLOSG159R. Another variant, AIOLOSN160S was identified in the patients presented with hypogammaglobulinemia, susceptibility to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Patients with AIOLOSN160S had mostly normal B cell counts but showed increased levels of CD21lo B cells, decreased CD23 expression, and abrogated CD40 response. Both variants were determined to be loss-of-function. Mouse models harboring the corresponding patient’s variants recapitulated the phenotypes of the patients. AIOLOS is therefore a novel disease-causing gene in human adaptive immune deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Xia R, Cheng Y, Han X, Wei Y, Wei X. Ikaros Proteins in Tumor: Current Perspectives and New Developments. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:788440. [PMID: 34950704 PMCID: PMC8689071 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.788440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a zinc finger transcription factor (TF) of the Krüppel family member, which significantly regulates normal lymphopoiesis and tumorigenesis. Ikaros can directly initiate or suppress tumor suppressors or oncogenes, consequently regulating the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Over recent decades, a series of studies have been devoted to exploring and clarifying the relationship between Ikaros and associated tumors. Therapeutic strategies targeting Ikaros have shown promising therapeutic effects in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Nevertheless, the increasingly prominent problem of drug resistance targeted to Ikaros and its analog is gradually appearing in our field of vision. This article reviews the role of Ikaros in tumorigenesis, the mechanism of drug resistance, the progress of targeting Ikaros in both pre-clinical and clinical trials, and the potential use of associated therapy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Kuehn HS, Nunes-Santos CJ, Rosenzweig SD. Germline IKZF1 mutations and their impact on immunity: IKAROS-associated diseases and pathophysiology. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:407-416. [PMID: 33691560 PMCID: PMC8091572 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1901582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The transcription factor IKAROS and IKAROS family members are critical for the development of lymphocyte and other blood cell lineages. Germline heterozygous IKZF1 mutations have been described in primary immunodeficiency as well as in human hematologic malignancies, affecting both B and T cells. Depending on the allelic variants of IKZF1 mutations (haploinsufficiency and dominant negative) clinical phenotypes vary from bacterial, viral, or fungal infection to autoimmune disease and malignancy.Areas covered: In this review, the authors provide an overview of genotype-phenotype correlation and clinical manifestations in patients with IKZF1 mutations. The importance of accurate diagnosis and monitoring immunological changes is also discussed for the management of these complex and rare diseases. IKZF1/IKAROS, immunodeficiency, and CVID were used as the search terms in PubMed and Google Scholar.Expert opinion: Over the past 5 years both genetic and molecular studies have unveiled surprisingly diverse roles of IKZF1 mutations in primary immunodeficiency. While an increasing number of novel IKZF1 variants are being reported, limited, and complex laboratory testing is necessary to verify the mutation's pathogenicity. Therefore, the combination of understanding mechanistic concepts and clinical and immunological follow-up is necessary to increase our knowledge of IKAROS-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md
| | - Cristiane J Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sergio D. Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md
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13
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IKAROS and CK2 regulate expression of BCL-XL and chemosensitivity in high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2021; 136:1520-1534. [PMID: 32396934 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is an aggressive disease, often characterized by resistance to chemotherapy. A frequent feature of high-risk B-ALL is loss of function of the IKAROS (encoded by the IKZF1 gene) tumor suppressor. Here, we report that IKAROS regulates expression of the BCL2L1 gene (encodes the BCL-XL protein) in human B-ALL. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrate that IKAROS binds to the BCL2L1 promoter, recruits histone deacetylase HDAC1, and represses BCL2L1 expression via chromatin remodeling. In leukemia, IKAROS' function is impaired by oncogenic casein kinase II (CK2), which is overexpressed in B-ALL. Phosphorylation by CK2 reduces IKAROS binding and recruitment of HDAC1 to the BCL2L1 promoter. This results in a loss of IKAROS-mediated repression of BCL2L1 and increased expression of BCL-XL. Increased expression of BCL-XL and/or CK2, as well as reduced IKAROS expression, are associated with resistance to doxorubicin treatment. Molecular and pharmacological inhibition of CK2 with a specific inhibitor CX-4945, increases binding of IKAROS to the BCL2L1 promoter and enhances IKAROS-mediated repression of BCL2L1 in B-ALL. Treatment with CX-4945 increases sensitivity to doxorubicin in B-ALL, and reverses resistance to doxorubicin in multidrug-resistant B-ALL. Combination treatment with CX-4945 and doxorubicin show synergistic therapeutic effects in vitro and in preclinical models of high-risk B-ALL. Results reveal a novel signaling network that regulates chemoresistance in leukemia. These data lay the groundwork for clinical testing of a rationally designed, targeted therapy that combines the CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945, with doxorubicin for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies.
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14
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Boast B, Miosge LA, Kuehn HS, Cho V, Athanasopoulos V, McNamara HA, Sontani Y, Mei Y, Howard D, Sutton HJ, Omari SA, Yu Z, Nasreen M, Andrews TD, Cockburn IA, Goodnow CC, Rosenzweig SD, Enders A. A Point Mutation in IKAROS ZF1 Causes a B Cell Deficiency in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1505-1514. [PMID: 33658297 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IKZF1 (IKAROS) is essential for normal lymphopoiesis in both humans and mice. Previous Ikzf1 mouse models have demonstrated the dual role for IKZF1 in both B and T cell development and have indicated differential requirements of each zinc finger. Furthermore, mutations in IKZF1 are known to cause common variable immunodeficiency in patients characterized by a loss of B cells and reduced Ab production. Through N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis, we have discovered a novel Ikzf1 mutant mouse with a missense mutation (L132P) in zinc finger 1 (ZF1) located in the DNA binding domain. Unlike other previously reported murine Ikzf1 mutations, this L132P point mutation (Ikzf1L132P ) conserves overall protein expression and has a B cell-specific phenotype with no effect on T cell development, indicating that ZF1 is not required for T cells. Mice have reduced Ab responses to immunization and show a progressive loss of serum Igs compared with wild-type littermates. IKZF1L132P overexpressed in NIH3T3 or HEK293T cells failed to localize to pericentromeric heterochromatin and bind target DNA sequences. Coexpression of wild-type and mutant IKZF1, however, allows for localization to pericentromeric heterochromatin and binding to DNA indicating a haploinsufficient mechanism of action for IKZF1L132P Furthermore, Ikzf1+/L132P mice have late onset defective Ig production, similar to what is observed in common variable immunodeficiency patients. RNA sequencing revealed a total loss of Hsf1 expression in follicular B cells, suggesting a possible functional link for the humoral immune response defects observed in Ikzf1L132P/L132P mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Boast
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Lisa A Miosge
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Vicky Cho
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Vicki Athanasopoulos
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hayley A McNamara
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yovina Sontani
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Debbie Howard
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Henry J Sutton
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sofia A Omari
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Zhijia Yu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Mariam Nasreen
- Australian Phenomics Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; and
| | - T Daniel Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Anselm Enders
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia;
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15
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Kuehn HS, Nunes-Santos CJ, Rosenzweig SD. IKAROS-Associated Diseases in 2020: Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Outcomes in Primary Immune Deficiency/Inborn Errors of Immunity. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1-10. [PMID: 33392855 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
IKAROS, encoded by IKZF1, is a zinc finger transcription factor and a critical regulator of hematopoiesis. Mutations in IKZF1 have been implicated in immune deficiency, autoimmunity, and malignancy in humans. Somatic IKZF1 loss-of-function mutations and deletions have been shown to increase predisposition to the development of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and associated with poor prognosis. In the last 4 years, germline heterozygous IKZF1 mutations have been reported in primary immune deficiency/inborn errors of immunity. These allelic variants, acting by either haploinsufficiency or dominant negative mechanisms affecting particular functions of IKAROS, are associated with common variable immunodeficiency, combined immunodeficiency, or primarily hematologic phenotypes in affected patients. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic, clinical, and immunological manifestations in patients with IKZF1 mutations, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to their disease as a consequence of IKAROS dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm. 2C410F, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cristiane J Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm. 2C410F, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm. 2C410F, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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16
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Read KA, Jones DM, Freud AG, Oestreich KJ. Established and emergent roles for Ikaros transcription factors in lymphoid cell development and function. Immunol Rev 2020; 300:82-99. [PMID: 33331000 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors are important regulators of the gene programs underlying the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. The family consists of five members: Ikaros, Helios, Aiolos, Eos, and Pegasus, which engage in both homo- and heterotypic intrafamilial interactions to exert diverse functional effects. Pioneering studies focused on the role of these factors in early lymphoid development, as their absence resulted in severe defects in lymphocyte populations. More recent work has now begun to define nuanced, stage-specific roles for Ikaros family members in the differentiation and function of mature T, B, and innate lymphoid cell populations including natural killer (NK) cells. The precise transcriptional mechanisms by which these factors function, both independently and collaboratively, is an area of active investigation. However, several key themes appear to be emerging regarding the pathways influenced by Ikaros family members, including the end-to-end regulation of cytokine signaling. Here, we review roles for Ikaros factors in lymphoid cell development, differentiation, and function, including a discussion of the current understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms they employ and considerations for the future study of this important transcription factor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Read
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Devin M Jones
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth J Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Ochiai K, Yamaoka M, Swaminathan A, Shima H, Hiura H, Matsumoto M, Kurotaki D, Nakabayashi J, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Arima T, Ikawa T, Tamura T, Sciammas R, Bouvet P, Kundu TK, Igarashi K. Chromatin Protein PC4 Orchestrates B Cell Differentiation by Collaborating with IKAROS and IRF4. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108517. [PMID: 33357426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin protein positive coactivator 4 (PC4) has multiple functions, including chromatin compaction. However, its role in immune cells is largely unknown. We show that PC4 orchestrates chromatin structure and gene expression in mature B cells. B-cell-specific PC4-deficient mice show impaired production of antibody upon antigen stimulation. The PC4 complex purified from B cells contains the transcription factors (TFs) IKAROS and IRF4. IKAROS protein is reduced in PC4-deficient mature B cells, resulting in de-repression of their target genes in part by diminished interactions with gene-silencing components. Upon activation, the amount of IRF4 protein is not increased in PC4-deficient B cells, resulting in reduction of plasma cells. Importantly, IRF4 reciprocally induces PC4 expression via a super-enhancer. PC4 knockdown in human B cell lymphoma and myeloma cells reduces IKAROS protein as an anticancer drug, lenalidomide. Our findings establish PC4 as a chromatin regulator of B cells and a possible therapeutic target adjoining IKAROS in B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Mari Yamaoka
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Amrutha Swaminathan
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hiura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jun Nakabayashi
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- Division of Immunobiology, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda 278-0022, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Roger Sciammas
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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18
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Heizmann B, Le Gras S, Simand C, Marchal P, Chan S, Kastner P. Ikaros antagonizes DNA binding by STAT5 in pre-B cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242211. [PMID: 33180866 PMCID: PMC7660478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene, which encodes the Ikaros transcription factor, is frequently deleted or mutated in patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias that express oncogenes, like BCR-ABL, which activate the JAK-STAT5 pathway. Ikaros functionally antagonizes the transcriptional programs downstream of IL-7/STAT5 during B cell development, as well as STAT5 activity in leukemic cells. However, the mechanisms by which Ikaros interferes with STAT5 function is unknown. We studied the genomic distribution of Ikaros and STAT5 on chromatin in a murine pre-B cell line, and found that both proteins colocalize on >60% of STAT5 target regions. Strikingly, Ikaros activity leads to widespread loss of STAT5 binding at most of its genomic targets within two hours of Ikaros induction, suggesting a direct mechanism. Ikaros did not alter the level of total or phosphorylated STAT5 proteins, nor did it associate with STAT5. Using sequences from the Cish, Socs2 and Bcl6 genes that Ikaros and STAT5 target, we show that both proteins bind overlapping sequences at GGAA motifs. Our results demonstrate that Ikaros antagonizes STAT5 DNA binding, in part by competing for common target sequences. Our study has implications for understanding the functions of Ikaros and STAT5 in B cell development and transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Heizmann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail: (BH); (SC and PK)
| | - Stéphanie Le Gras
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Célestine Simand
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Patricia Marchal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Susan Chan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail: (BH); (SC and PK)
| | - Philippe Kastner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail: (BH); (SC and PK)
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Detection of Pathogenic Isoforms of IKZF1 in Leukemic Cell Lines and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Samples: Identification of a Novel Truncated IKZF1 Transcript in SUP-B15. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113161. [PMID: 33126432 PMCID: PMC7693987 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Abnormal RNA splicing plays a fundamental role in leukemogenesis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Many cases of high-risk B-cell ALL cases, including BCR-ABL1+ and BCR-ABL1-like ALL, share a common molecular mechanism of aberrant fusion transcripts involving tyrosine kinase genes combined with dysregulation of the transcription factor and lymphocyte differentiation factor IKZF1. Dysfunction of IKZF1 in ALL is caused by mutation and gene deletion but also alternative splicing resulting in exon skipping with production of aberrant IKZF1 proteins. We report here an assay to detect aberrantly spliced isoforms of IKZF1 in ALL to assist in diagnosis, outcome prediction, and therapy selection in ALL and the identification of a novel altered IKZF1 product in a model ALL cell line. Abstract Leukemia-associated alternative splicing of IKZF1 can result in proteins with loss of one to four copies of its N-terminal zinc finger domains (N-ZnF). The best characterized pathogenic splice isoforms, Ik-6 and Ik-8, have been commonly found in BCR-ABL1+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a subset of BCR-ABL1-like ALL. Infantile and childhood ALL that express these pathogenic IKZF1 isoforms have shown inferior clinical outcomes and can be resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Using ALL cell lines, we designed and validated a method to detect abnormal IKZF1 transcripts. In the SUP-B15 leukemia cell line, we noted novel IKZF1 transcripts that include both an Ik-6 splice and a transcript with a 14 base pair insertion at the C-terminus. There was also increased IKZF2 protein in SUP-B15 as compared to other ALL lines. Expression of Ik-6 could be suppressed by treatment with the pro-apoptotic type II histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat. In 17 adult ALL samples, we noted the Ik-6 isoforms in 6 of 15 BCR-ABL1−, and 1 of 2 BCR-ABL1+ cases, with Ik-8 also expressed in one case. Cases with Ik-6 expression showed inferior survival as well as older age at presentation, lower expression of CD10 and more commonly a diploid karyotype.
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20
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Zhao W, Chen TB, Wang H. Ikaros is heterogeneously expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and is involved in its progression. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520945860. [PMID: 32787735 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520945860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of the Ikaros transcription factor (IKZF1) in lung adenocarcinoma and investigate whether expression levels of Ikaros are correlated with lung adenocarcinoma progression. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 325 cases of resected stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma, in which histological subtyping was performed according to the 2015 World Health Organization classification. We performed immunohistochemical examinations to assess expression of Ikaros in pulmonary adenocarcinomas and evaluated the correlation between Ikaros expression and cancer progression. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining was heterogeneous, with the majority of well-differentiated and moderately differentiated lung adenocarcinomas being weakly positive and the majority of the poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinomas exhibiting strong positive staining. Higher expression of Ikaros was associated with tumor recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Ikaros is heterogeneously expressed in different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma; higher expression of Ikaros was found to be associated with cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tong-Bing Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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21
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Alomairi J, Molitor AM, Sadouni N, Hussain S, Torres M, Saadi W, Dao LTM, Charbonnier G, Santiago-Algarra D, Andrau JC, Puthier D, Sexton T, Spicuglia S. Integration of high-throughput reporter assays identify a critical enhancer of the Ikzf1 gene. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233191. [PMID: 32453736 PMCID: PMC7250416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ikzf1 locus encodes the lymphoid specific transcription factor Ikaros, which plays an essential role in both T and B cell differentiation, while deregulation or mutation of IKZF1/Ikzf1 is involved in leukemia. Tissue-specific and cell identity genes are usually associated with clusters of enhancers, also called super-enhancers, which are believed to ensure proper regulation of gene expression throughout cell development and differentiation. Several potential regulatory regions have been identified in close proximity of Ikzf1, however, the full extent of the regulatory landscape of the Ikzf1 locus is not yet established. In this study, we combined epigenomics and transcription factor binding along with high-throughput enhancer assay and 4C-seq to prioritize an enhancer element located 120 kb upstream of the Ikzf1 gene. We found that deletion of the E120 enhancer resulted in a significant reduction of Ikzf1 mRNA. However, the epigenetic landscape and 3D topology of the locus were only slightly affected, highlighting the complexity of the regulatory landscape regulating the Ikzf1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaafar Alomairi
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Anne M. Molitor
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nori Sadouni
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Saadat Hussain
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Torres
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Wiam Saadi
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Lan T. M. Dao
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Charbonnier
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - David Santiago-Algarra
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Christophe Andrau
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Tom Sexton
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
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Recent insights of T cell receptor-mediated signaling pathways for T cell activation and development. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:750-761. [PMID: 32439954 PMCID: PMC7272404 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation requires extracellular stimulatory signals that are mainly mediated by T cell receptor (TCR) complexes. The TCR recognizes antigens on major histocompatibility complex molecules with the cooperation of CD4 or CD8 coreceptors. After recognition, TCR-induced signaling cascades that propagate signals via various molecules and second messengers are induced. Consequently, many features of T cell-mediated immune responses are determined by these intracellular signaling cascades. Furthermore, differences in the magnitude of TCR signaling direct T cells toward distinct effector linages. Therefore, stringent regulation of T cell activation is crucial for T cell homeostasis and proper immune responses. Dysregulation of TCR signaling can result in anergy or autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the pathways that govern how the TCR complex transmits signals into cells and the roles of effector molecules that are involved in these pathways.
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Bigley V, Collin M. Insights from Patients with Dendritic Cell Immunodeficiency. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:116-123. [PMID: 32344243 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic Cells (DCs), derived from haematopoietic stem cells, are critical to the dynamic and balanced functioning of the intact immune system and are of great interest as vehicles of immunotherapy. Genetically modified mouse models have proved powerful tools to map DC development and function in vivo but human studies have previously relied heavily on in vitro systems. Human dendritic cell immunodeficiency, resulting from single gene mutations, offers new opportunities to dissect the role of human DCs in vivo, determine the genetic requirements for their development and map their haematopoietic differentiation pathways. This review will summarise the clinical phenotypes of mutations in GATA2, IRF8 and IKZF1 genes which result in global or subset specific dendritic cell deficiencies, discuss the functional consequences of these cytopenias and how these syndromes have informed our knowledge of DC differentiation and human haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Bigley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Matthew Collin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Vairy S, Tran TH. IKZF1 alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The good, the bad and the ugly. Blood Rev 2020; 44:100677. [PMID: 32245541 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics have deepened our understanding of the biology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), defined novel molecular leukemia subtypes, discovered new prognostic biomarkers and paved the way to emerging molecularly targeted therapeutic avenues. Since its discovery, IKZF1 has generated significant interest within the leukemia scientific community.IKZF1 plays a critical role in lymphoid development and its alterations cooperate to mediate leukemogenesis. IKZF1 alterations are present in approximately 15% of childhood ALL, rise in prevalence among adults with ALL and become highly enriched within kinase-driven ALL. A cumulating body of literature has highlighted the adverse prognostic impact of IKZF1 alterations in both Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative and Ph-driven ALL. IKZF1 alterations thus emerge as an important prognostic biomarker in ALL. This article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review focusing on the prognostic clinical relevance of IKZF1 alterations in ALL, as well as current and future therapeutic strategies targeting IKZF1-altered ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Vairy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thai Hoa Tran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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25
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Regulation of Small GTPase Rab20 by Ikaros in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051718. [PMID: 32138279 PMCID: PMC7084408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a DNA-binding protein that regulates gene expression and functions as a tumor suppressor in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The full cohort of Ikaros target genes have yet to be identified. Here, we demonstrate that Ikaros directly regulates expression of the small GTPase, Rab20. Using ChIP-seq and qChIP we assessed Ikaros binding and the epigenetic signature at the RAB20 promoter. Expression of Ikaros, CK2, and RAB20 was determined by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of Ikaros was achieved by retroviral transduction, whereas shRNA was used to knockdown Ikaros and CK2. Regulation of transcription from the RAB20 promoter was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that Ikaros binds the RAB20 promoter in B-ALL. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Ikaros represses RAB20 transcription via chromatin remodeling. Phosphorylation by CK2 kinase reduces Ikaros’ affinity toward the RAB20 promoter and abolishes its ability to repress RAB20 transcription. Dephosphorylation by PP1 phosphatase enhances both Ikaros’ DNA-binding affinity toward the RAB20 promoter and RAB20 repression. In conclusion, the results demonstrated opposing effects of CK2 and PP1 on expression of Rab20 via control of Ikaros’ activity as a transcriptional regulator. A novel regulatory signaling network in B-cell leukemia that involves CK2, PP1, Ikaros, and Rab20 is identified.
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26
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Transcriptional Regulation of Genes by Ikaros Tumor Suppressor in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041377. [PMID: 32085659 PMCID: PMC7073093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of oncogenic gene expression by transcription factors that function as tumor suppressors is one of the major mechanisms that regulate leukemogenesis. Understanding this complex process is essential for explaining the pathogenesis of leukemia as well as developing targeted therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the role of Ikaros tumor suppressor and its role in regulation of gene transcription in acute leukemia. Ikaros (IKZF1) is a DNA-binding protein that functions as a master regulator of hematopoiesis and the immune system, as well as a tumor suppressor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Genetic alteration or functional inactivation of Ikaros results in the development of high-risk leukemia. Ikaros binds to the specific consensus binding motif at upstream regulatory elements of its target genes, recruits chromatin-remodeling complexes and activates or represses transcription via chromatin remodeling. Over the last twenty years, a large number of Ikaros target genes have been identified, and the role of Ikaros in the regulation of their expression provided insight into the mechanisms of Ikaros tumor suppressor function in leukemia. Here we summarize the role of Ikaros in the regulation of the expression of the genes whose function is critical for cellular proliferation, development, and progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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27
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Mahjoub S, Chayeb V, Zitouni H, Ghali RM, Regaieg H, Almawi WY, Mahjoub T. IKZF1 genetic variants rs4132601 and rs11978267 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk in Tunisian children: a case-control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:159. [PMID: 31604453 PMCID: PMC6788013 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between IKZF1 gene variants and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) was recently reported. We examined whether the common IKZF1 polymorphisms rs4132601 T/G and rs111978267 A/G are associated with ALL among a Tunisian pediatric cohort. METHODS This case-control study involved 170 patients with ALL and 150 control subjects. SNP genotyping was performed by TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. RESULTS The minor allele G of IKZF1 gene polymorphism rs4132601 T/G was significantly higher in ALL cases than in control subjects (P = 0.029), with 1.54-fold increased risk of ALL. The association of rs4132601 with ALL was seen under co-dominant (P = 0.009), recessive (P = 0.006), and additive (P = 0.027) genetic models, of which the co-dominant (P = 0.027) and recessive (P = 0.027) association remained significant after adjusting for covariates, and False Discovery Rate correction. In contrast, no association was noted for rs111978267 variant. Two-locus (rs4132601-rs11978267) IKZF1 haplotype analysis demonstrated association of GA (P = 0.053), with increased ALL risk [OR (95% CI) = 1.58 (1.00-2.51)], which remained significant after controlling for key covariates [aP = 0.046; aOR (95% CI) = 1.61 (1.01-2.57)]. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the association of IKZF1 polymorphism rs4132601 T/G with increased risk of ALL among Tunisian pediatric cohort, with altered phenotypic changes among ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Vera Chayeb
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hedia Zitouni
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rabeb M Ghali
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Regaieg
- Hematology Department ; Faculty of Medicine Ibn Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Faculty of Sciences, El-Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Touhami Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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28
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Gowda C, Song C, Ding Y, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, McGrath M, Bamme Y, Soliman M, Kane S, Payne JL, Dovat S. Cellular signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100665. [PMID: 31623972 PMCID: PMC7239353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in normal regulation of gene expression is one of the key features of hematopoietic malignancies. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in these diseases, we dissected the role of the Ikaros protein in leukemia. Ikaros is a DNA-binding, zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional regulator and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. The use of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq—coupled with functional experiments—revealed that Ikaros regulates both the global epigenomic landscape and epigenetic signature at promoter regions of its target genes. Casein kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in leukemia, directly phosphorylates Ikaros at multiple, evolutionarily-conserved residues. Phosphorylation of Ikaros impairs the protein's ability to regulate both the transcription of its target genes and global epigenetic landscape in leukemia. Treatment of leukemia cells with a specific inhibitor of CK2 restores Ikaros function, resulting in cytotoxicity of leukemia cells. Here, we review the mechanisms through which the CK2-Ikaros signaling axis regulates the global epigenomic landscape and expression of genes that control cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pavan K Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Bamme
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Oliveira VCD, Lacerda MPD, Moraes BBM, Gomes CP, Maricato JT, Souza OF, Schenkman S, Pesquero JB, Moretti NS, Rodrigues CA, Popi AF. Deregulation of Ikaros expression in B-1 cells: New insights in the malignant transformation to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:581-594. [PMID: 31299112 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1118-454r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic form of leukemia that originates from an abnormal expansion of CD5+ B-1 cells. Deregulation in the BCR signaling is associated with B-cell transformation. Contrariwise to B-2 cells, BCR engagement in B-1 cells results in low proliferation rate and increased apoptosis population, whereas overactivation may be associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. It has been demonstrated that several transcription factors that are involved in the B cell development play a role in the regulation of BCR function. Among them, Ikaros is considered an essential regulator of lymphoid differentiation and activation. Several reports suggest that Ikaros expression is deregulated in different forms of leukemia. Herein, we demonstrated that CLL cells show decreased Ikaros expression and abnormal cytoplasmic cell localization. These alterations were also observed in radioresistant B-1 cells, which present high proliferative activity, suggesting that abnormal localization of Ikaros could determine its loss of function. Furthermore, Ikaros knockdown increased the expression of BCR pathway components in murine B-1 cells, such as Lyn, Blnk, and CD19. Additionally, in the absence of Ikaros, B-1 cells become responsive to BCR stimulus, increasing cell proliferation even in the absence of antigen stimulation. These results suggested that Ikaros is an important controller of B-1 cell proliferation by interfering with the BCR activity. Therefore, altered Ikaros expression in CLL or radioresistant B-1 cells could determine a responsive status of BCR to self-antigens, which would culminate in the clonal expansion of B-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Cristina de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pitombeira de Lacerda
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Bomfim Muniz Moraes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Perez Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Terzi Maricato
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olivia Fonseca Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilmar Silvio Moretti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Arrais Rodrigues
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Popi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Wang H, Xu Z, Du W, Lin Z, Liu Z. N160 of Aiolos Determines its DNA-Binding Activity. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:2014-2019. [PMID: 31251838 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aiolos is a transcription factor of the Ikaros family. It is expressed in lymphocytes and plays a vital role in the development of lymphatic system. Recently, Aiolos has been found to be ectopically expressed in lung cancer cells and promotes cancer metastasis through repression of p66Shc expression. Blocking DNA-binding activity of Aiolos may benefit cancer patients by preventing further metastasis. However, it is not clear which sequence is essential for its DNA binding. In this study, we found that N160 is a key amino acid to determine the DNA-binding activity of Aiolos. Mutation of N160A resulted in loss of peripheral heterochromatin localization and dissociation with its target gene. Accordingly, Aiolos with N160A could not change the expression of its target genes. Thus, we identified the amino acid (N160) that is essential for Aiolos binding to DNA. Anat Rec, 302:2014-2019, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhen Lin
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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31
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Eskandarian Z, Fliegauf M, Bulashevska A, Proietti M, Hague R, Smulski CR, Schubert D, Warnatz K, Grimbacher B. Assessing the Functional Relevance of Variants in the IKAROS Family Zinc Finger Protein 1 ( IKZF1) in a Cohort of Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2019; 10:568. [PMID: 31057532 PMCID: PMC6477086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. Patients with CVID are prone to recurrent bacterial infection due to the failure of adequate immunoglobulin production. Monogenetic defects have been identified in ~25% of CVID patients. Recently, mutations in IKZF1, encoding the zinc-finger transcription factor IKAROS which is broadly expressed in hematopoietic cells, have been associated with a CVID-like phenotype. Herein we describe 11 patients with heterozygous IKZF1 variants from eight different families with autosomal dominant CVID and two siblings with an IKZF1 variant presenting with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study shows that mutations affecting the DNA binding domain of IKAROS can impair the interaction with the target DNA sequence thereby preventing heterochromatin and pericentromeric localization (HC-PC) of the protein. Our results also indicate an impairment of pericentromeric localization of IKAROS by overexpression of a truncated variant, caused by an immature stop codon in IKZF1. We also describe an additional variant in TNFSF10, encoding Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), additionally presented in individuals of Family A. Our results indicate that this variant may impair the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in target cell lines and prohibit the NFκB activation by TRAIL and may act as a modifier in Family A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Eskandarian
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Fliegauf
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alla Bulashevska
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rosie Hague
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Roberto Smulski
- Department of Medical Physics, Centro Atómico Bariloche, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Desirée Schubert
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CCI, Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Satellite Center Freiburg, RESIST-Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hanover Medical School, Freiburg, Germany.,Satellite Center Freiburg, German Center for Infection Research, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Zhou N, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Zheng XY, Chang R, Vogl DT, Garfall AL, Bernabei L, Saraf A, Florens L, Washburn MP, Illendula A, Bushweller JH, Busino L. RUNX proteins desensitize multiple myeloma to lenalidomide via protecting IKZFs from degradation. Leukemia 2019; 33:2006-2021. [PMID: 30760870 PMCID: PMC6687534 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 and 3 (IKZF1 and IKZF3) are transcription factors that promote multiple myeloma (MM) proliferation. The immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) lenalidomide promotes myeloma cell death via Cereblon (CRBN)-dependent ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3. Although IMiDs have been used as first-line drugs for MM, the overall survival of refractory MM patients remains poor and demands the identification of novel agents to potentiate the therapeutic effect of IMiDs. Using an unbiased screen based on mass spectrometry, we identified the Runt-related transcription factor 1 and 3 (RUNX1 and RUNX3) as interactors of IKZF1 and IKZF3. Interaction with RUNX1 and RUNX3 inhibits CRBN-dependent binding, ubiquitylation, and degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 upon lenalidomide treatment. Inhibition of RUNXs, via genetic ablation or a small molecule (AI-10-104), results in sensitization of myeloma cell lines and primary tumors to lenalidomide. Thus, RUNX inhibition represents a valuable therapeutic opportunity to potentiate IMiDs therapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Yu Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renxu Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan T Vogl
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alfred L Garfall
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Bernabei
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anita Saraf
- The Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- The Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Michael P Washburn
- The Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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33
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Chen Q, Shi Y, Chen Y, Ji T, Li Y, Yu L. Multiple functions of Ikaros in hematological malignancies, solid tumor and autoimmune diseases. Gene 2019; 684:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Li Z, Li SP, Li RY, Zhu H, Liu X, Guo XL, Mu LL, Cai JJ, Bai F, Chen GQ, Hong DL. Leukaemic alterations of IKZF1 prime stemness and malignancy programs in human lymphocytes. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:526. [PMID: 29743561 PMCID: PMC5943605 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cells acquire stem cell-like properties during cancerous transformation; however, mechanisms through which committed cells develop stemness and malignancy remain largely unknown. Here we uncovered upregulated stem cell program in leukaemic lymphoblasts of patients with IKZF1 alterations by analysing the archived gene-expression profiling datasets. We then used a frequent IKZF1 deletion, IK6, as a model via transduction into human primitive haematopoietic cells, followed by xenotransplantation in mice. Immunophenotypically defined stem, pro-B, and immature/mature (IM/M)-B cells were collected from primary recipients for functional assay and transcriptome profiling. Successful reconstitution in secondary recipient mice revealed the stemness of IK6+ pro-B and IM/M-B cells. Upregulated stemness and malignancy programs in IK6+ cells confirmed IK6 effects. Interestingly, these programs corresponded to distinct canonical pathways. Remarkably, the pathway profile mapped in the modelled cells well mirrored that in patients’ leukaemic cells; therefore, our study provides a seminal insight into the cancerous reprogramming of somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology and Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shui-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology and Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruo-Yan Li
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, Huangshi Aikang Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology and Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li-Li Mu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology and Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie-Jing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology and Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology and Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Deng-Li Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology and Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, China.
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35
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Van Nieuwenhove E, Garcia-Perez JE, Helsen C, Rodriguez PD, van Schouwenburg PA, Dooley J, Schlenner S, van der Burg M, Verhoeyen E, Gijsbers R, Frietze S, Schjerven H, Meyts I, Claessens F, Humblet-Baron S, Wouters C, Liston A. A kindred with mutant IKAROS and autoimmunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:699-702.e12. [PMID: 29705243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Van Nieuwenhove
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Helsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Princess D Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt
| | | | - James Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- the Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt
| | - Hilde Schjerven
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
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36
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Heizmann B, Kastner P, Chan S. The Ikaros family in lymphocyte development. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 51:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Vshyukova V, Valochnik A, Meleshko A. Expression of aberrantly spliced oncogenic Ikaros isoforms coupled with clonal IKZF1 deletions and chimeric oncogenes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 71:29-38. [PMID: 29496375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volha Vshyukova
- Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Haematology and Immunology, 223053, Frunzenskaya str., 43, Minsk Region, Belarus.
| | - Alena Valochnik
- Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Haematology and Immunology, 223053, Frunzenskaya str., 43, Minsk Region, Belarus
| | - Alexander Meleshko
- Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Haematology and Immunology, 223053, Frunzenskaya str., 43, Minsk Region, Belarus
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38
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Yoshida M, Murata T, Ashio K, Narita Y, Watanabe T, Masud HMAA, Sato Y, Goshima F, Kimura H. Characterization of a Suppressive Cis-acting Element in the Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Promoter. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2302. [PMID: 29213259 PMCID: PMC5702780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a major oncogene encoded by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and is essential for immortalization of B cells by the virus. Previous studies suggested that several transcription factors, such as PU.1, RBP-Jκ, NFκB, EBF1, AP-2 and STAT, are involved in LMP1 induction; however, the means by which the oncogene is negatively regulated remains unclear. Here, we introduced short mutations into the proximal LMP1 promoter that includes recognition sites for the E-box and Ikaros transcription factors in the context of EBV-bacterial artificial chromosome. Upon infection, the mutant exhibited increased LMP1 expression and EBV-mediated immortalization of B cells. However, single mutations of either the E-box or Ikaros sites had limited effects on LMP1 expression and transformation. Our results suggest that this region contains a suppressive cis-regulatory element, but other transcriptional repressors (apart from the E-box and Ikaros transcription factors) may remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murata
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Keiji Ashio
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Narita
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H M Abdullah Al Masud
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sato
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumi Goshima
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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39
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Oliveira VCD, Sodré ACP, Gomes CP, Moretti NS, Pesquero JB, Popi AF. Alteration in Ikaros expression promotes B-1 cell differentiation into phagocytes. Immunobiology 2017; 223:252-257. [PMID: 29107383 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ikaros is a broad transcription factor pointed as a critical regulator of lymphocyte development. Recent reports have emphasized that distinct isoforms of Ikaros control the dichotomy of the hematopoietic system into lymphoid and myeloid lineages. In addition, expression of dominant-negative isoforms of Ikaros is linked to abnormal hematopoiesis, which could culminate in hematological disorders due to loss of function of the protein. B-1 cells are an intriguing subtype of B-lymphocytes that preserves some myeloid characteristics. These cells are able to differentiate into phagocytes (B-1CDP - B-1 cell derived phagocytes) in vitro and in vivo. During such process, reprogramming of gene expression occurs: lymphoid genes are turned off, while expression of myeloid genes is increased. This study aims to investigate whether Ikaros could be related to the control of B-1 cell plasticity. Interestingly, Ikaros expression by B-1CDP cells was found to be relatively low, and the protein is abnormally localized in the cytoplasm. Moreover, the isoforms expressed by B-1 cells are different from those expressed by other lymphocytes, with expression of active isoforms being almost absent in B-1CDP. Based on these findings, Ikaros could be an important factor driving the differentiation and proliferation of B-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Cristina de Oliveira
- Disciplina de Imunologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Pires Sodré
- Disciplina de Imunologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Perez Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilmar Silvio Moretti
- Disciplina de Parasitologia Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Popi
- Disciplina de Imunologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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40
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Abstract
In this review from Georgopoulos, the role of the IKAROS gene family in lymphocyte differentiation is discussed in light of recent studies on the lineage-specific transcriptional and epigenetic networks through which IKAROS proteins operate. Lymphocyte differentiation is set to produce myriad immune effector cells with the ability to respond to multitudinous foreign substances. The uniqueness of this developmental system lies in not only the great diversity of cellular functions that it can generate but also the ability of its differentiation intermediates and mature effector cells to expand upon demand, thereby providing lifelong immunity. Surprisingly, the goals of this developmental system are met by a relatively small group of DNA-binding transcription factors that work in concert to control the timing and magnitude of gene expression and fulfill the demands for cellular specialization, expansion, and maintenance. The cellular and molecular mechanisms through which these lineage-promoting transcription factors operate have been a focus of basic research in immunology. The mechanisms of development discerned in this effort are guiding clinical research on disorders with an immune cell base. Here, I focus on IKAROS, one of the earliest regulators of lymphoid lineage identity and a guardian of lymphocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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41
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Gowda C, Soliman M, Kapadia M, Ding Y, Payne K, Dovat S. Casein Kinase II (CK2), Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) and Ikaros mediated regulation of leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2017. [PMID: 28623166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling networks that regulate cellular proliferation often involve complex interactions between several signaling pathways. In this manuscript we review the crosstalk between the Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathways that plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular proliferation in leukemia. Both CK2 and GSK-3 are potential targets for anti-leukemia treatment. Previously published data suggest that CK2 and GSK-3 act synergistically to promote the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway via phosphorylation of PTEN. More recent data demonstrate another mechanism through which CK2 promotes the PI3K pathway - via transcriptional regulation of PI3K pathway genes by the newly-discovered CK2-Ikaros axis. Together, these data suggest that the CK2 and GSK-3 pathways regulate AKT/PI3K signaling in leukemia via two complementary mechanisms: a) direct phosphorylation of PTEN and b) transcriptional regulation of PI3K-promoting genes. Functional interactions between CK2, Ikaros and GSK3 define a novel signaling network that regulates proliferation of leukemia cells. This regulatory network involves both direct posttranslational modifications (by CK and GSK-3) and transcriptional regulation (via CK2-mediated phosphorylation of Ikaros). This information provides a basis for the development of targeted therapy for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Kimberly Payne
- Department of Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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42
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Gomez-Cabrero D, Tegnér J. Iterative Systems Biology for Medicine – Time for advancing from network signatures to mechanistic equations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Mitchell JL, Seng A, Yankee TM. Expression and splicing of Ikaros family members in murine and human thymocytes. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:1-11. [PMID: 28376432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Ikaros family of transcription factors includes five highly homologous members that can homodimerize or heterodimerize in any combination. Dimerization is essential for their ability to bind DNA and function as transcription factors. Previous studies showed that eliminating the function of the entire family blocks lymphocyte development while deletion of individual family members has relatively minor defects. These data indicate that multiple family members function during T cell development, so we examined the changes in expression of each family member as thymocytes progressed from the CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) to the CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) developmental stage. Further, we compared the expression of each family member in murine and human thymocytes. In both species, Ikaros and Aiolos mRNA levels increased as thymocytes progressed through the DN to DP transition, but the corresponding increases in protein levels were only observed in mice. Further, Ikaros and Aiolos underwent extensive alternative splicing in mice, whereas only Ikaros was extensively spliced in humans. Helios mRNA and protein levels decreased during murine T cell development, but increased during human T cell development. These differences in the expression and splicing of Ikaros family members between human and murine thymocytes strongly suggest that the Ikaros family of transcription factors regulates murine and human T cell development differently, although the similarities across Ikaros family members may allow different proteins to fulfill similar functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Amara Seng
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Thomas M Yankee
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
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Mu Q, Guo L, Hu Y, Sheng L, Zhang Y, Wu N, Chen Y, Shi C, Shi S, Wu Y, Ouyang G. SNX2-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia possibly has a poor prognosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:1-3. [PMID: 28278724 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1287357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qitian Mu
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Lieping Guo
- b Department of Oncology , Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- c Bone Marrow Transplantation Center , The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Lixia Sheng
- d Hematology Department , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Ningning Wu
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Cong Shi
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Songqiu Shi
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China.,d Hematology Department , Ningbo First Hospital , Zhejiang , P.R. China
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Targeting High Dynamin-2 (DNM2) Expression by Restoring Ikaros Function in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38004. [PMID: 27885263 PMCID: PMC5122860 DOI: 10.1038/srep38004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-2 (DNM2) is a GTPase essential for intracellular vesicle formation and trafficking, cytokinesis and receptor endocytosis. Mutations in DNM2 are common in early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, DNM2 expression in other types of ALL are not reported. We studied DNM2 mRNA level in adults with B- and T-cell ALL. We found DNM2 is more highly expressed compared with normals in both forms of ALL. High DNM2 expression is associated with some clinical and laboratory features, inferior outcomes and with leukaemia cell proliferation. We also found Ikaros directly binds the DNM2 promoter and suppresses DNM2 expression. Consequently IKZF1 deletion is associated with high DNM2 expression. Conversely, casein kinase-2 (CK2)-inhibitor increases Ikaros function thereby inhibiting DNM2 expression. Inhibiting DNM2 suppresses proliferation of leukemia cells and synergizes with CK2 inhibition. Our data indicate high DNM2 expression is associated with Ikaros dysregulation and may be important in the development of B-ALL.
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Gabrielsen ISM, Viken MK, Amundsen SS, Helgeland H, Holm K, Flåm ST, Lie BA. Autoimmune risk variants in ERAP2 are associated with gene-expression levels in thymus. Genes Immun 2016; 17:406-411. [PMID: 27829666 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP)1 and ERAP2 genes have been associated with several autoimmune diseases (AIDs) at a genome-wide significance level. In this study, we performed a cis expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) screen to investigate whether seven fine-mapped AID single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ERAP-region influence the gene-expression levels of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in thymus. After quality control, we identified six significant eQTLs. We further assessed the peak eQTL signals, and both genes showed highly significant and independent thymic eQTL signals (P=2.16 × 10-15 and P=8.22 × 10-23, respectively). Interestingly, the peak eQTL signal overlapped with the AID risk loci in ERAP2 (r2>0.94), but were distinct in ERAP1 (r2<0.4). Finally, among the SNPs showing the most significant eQTL associations with ERAP2 (P<3.4 × 10-20), six were located within transcription factor motifs in an enhancer region in thymus. Our study therefore reveals the fine-mapped AID risk variants that act as eQTLs with ERAP2 in thymus, and highlights the potential causal regulatory variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S M Gabrielsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M K Viken
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S S Amundsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Helgeland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Holm
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S T Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - B A Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Zhao S, Liu W, Li Y, Liu P, Li S, Dou D, Wang Y, Yang R, Xiang R, Liu F. Alternative Splice Variants Modulates Dominant-Negative Function of Helios in T-Cell Leukemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163328. [PMID: 27681508 PMCID: PMC5040427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular defects which lead to multistep incidences of human T-cell leukemia have yet to be identified. The DNA-binding protein Helios (known as IKZF2), a member of the Ikaros family of Krüppel-like zinc-finger proteins, functions pivotally in T-cell differentiation and activation. In this study, we identify three novel short Helios splice variants which are T-cell leukemic specific, and demonstrate their dominant-negative function. We then test the cellular localization of distinct Helios isoforms, as well as their capability to form heterodimer with Ikaros, and the association with complexes comprising histone deacetylase (HDAC). In addition, the ectopic expression of T-cell leukemic Helios isoforms interferes with T-cell proliferation and apoptosis. The gene expression profiling and pathway analysis indicated the enrichment of signaling pathways essential for gene expression, translation, cell cycle checkpoint, and response to DNA damage stimulus. These data indicate the molecular function of Helios to be involved in the leukemogenesis and phenotype of T-cell leukemia, and also reveal Helios deregulation as a novel marker for T-cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pengjiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, First-Central Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daolei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Tianjin 300071, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (RX)
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (RX)
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Gowda C, Song C, Kapadia M, Payne JL, Hu T, Ding Y, Dovat S. Regulation of cellular proliferation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Ikaros. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:71-80. [PMID: 27666503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene encodes the Ikaros protein, a zinc finger transcriptional factor that acts as a master regulator of hematopoiesis and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Impaired activity of Ikaros is associated with the development of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms that regulate Ikaros' function as a tumor suppressor and regulator of cellular proliferation are not well understood. We demonstrated that Ikaros is a substrate for Casein Kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in ALL. Phosphorylation of Ikaros by CK2 impairs Ikaros' DNA-binding ability, as well as Ikaros' ability to regulate gene expression and function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Targeting CK2 with specific inhibitors restores Ikaros' function as a transcriptional regulator and tumor suppressor resulting in a therapeutic, anti-leukemia effect in a preclinical model of ALL. Here, we review the genes and pathways that are regulated by Ikaros and the molecular mechanisms through which Ikaros and CK2 regulate cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Changing of IKZF1 genotype during Philadelphia-negative precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression: a short clinical report. Leuk Res Rep 2016; 6:15-9. [PMID: 27489764 PMCID: PMC4962816 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The case demonstrated a rare event of clonal heterogeneity by IKZF1 gene status in BCRABL1- ALL. IKZF1 deletions are secondary events in ALL caused by clonal evolution during the treatment. It's prognostic significance could be more crucial in BCR-ABL- rather than in BCR-ABL + ALL. IKZF1 gene alterations may be determined and proved at the genome, expression and protein level. IKZF1 deletions are suitable for MRD detection but not stable compared to Ig/TCR rearrangement.
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Wada T, Asahi T, Sawamura N. Nuclear cereblon modulates transcriptional activity of Ikaros and regulates its downstream target, enkephalin, in human neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:388-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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