1
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Teo PY, Jung Y, Quach DH, Koh J, Ong RW, Goh A, Tan A, Ng CH, Seh CC, Tan KW, Horak ID, Low L. Overexpression of an Engineered SERPINB9 Enhances Allogeneic T-cell Persistence and Efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:1108-1122. [PMID: 38833270 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells offer many advantages over autologous therapies, but their benefits are curtailed by graft-versus-host disease and elimination by recipient immune cells. Moreover, just as with autologous therapies, allogeneic CAR T cells are susceptible to activation-induced cell death (AICD) caused by chronic antigen exposure (CAE). Granzyme B- and Fas/Fas ligand-initiated caspase-mediated apoptoses are key mechanisms of T-cell death caused by T/NK cell-mediated allorejection or CAE. We explored a protective strategy of engineering CAR T cells to overexpress variants of the Granzyme B-specific serine protease inhibitor SERPINB9 (SB9) to improve allogeneic T-cell persistence and antitumor efficacy. We showed that the overexpression of an SB9 variant with broadened caspase specificity, SB9(CAS), not only significantly reduced rejection of allogeneic CAR T cells but also increased their resistance to AICD and enabled them to thrive better under CAE, thus improving allogeneic T-cell persistence and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. In addition, although SB9(CAS) overexpression improved the efficacy of allogeneic CAR T-cell therapy by conferring protection to cell death, we did not observe any autonomous growth, and the engineered CAR T cells were still susceptible to an inducible suicide switch. Hence, SB9(CAS) overexpression is a promising strategy that can strengthen current development of cell therapies, broadening their applications to address unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Y Teo
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - David H Quach
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Joanna Koh
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Alrina Tan
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee H Ng
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheah C Seh
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kar W Tan
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lionel Low
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Harada M, Kotani H, Iida Y, Tanino R, Minami T, Komohara Y, Yoshikawa K, Uemura H. Hypoxia-related carbonic anhydrase 9 induces serpinB9 expression in cancer cells and apoptosis in T cells via acidosis. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1405-1416. [PMID: 38413363 PMCID: PMC11093193 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors. However, the impact of hypoxia on immune cells within tumor environments remains underexplored. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a hypoxia-responsive tumor-associated enzyme. We previously noted that regardless of human CA9 (hCA9) expression, hCA9-expressing mouse renal cell carcinoma RENCA (RENCA/hCA9) presented as a "cold" tumor in syngeneic aged mice. This study delves into the mechanisms behind this observation. Gene microarray analyses showed that RENCA/hCA9 cells exhibited elevated mouse serpinB9, an inhibitor of granzyme B, relative to RENCA cells. Corroborating this, RENCA/hCA9 cells displayed heightened resistance to antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells compared with RENCA cells. Notably, siRNA-mediated serpinB9 knockdown reclaimed this sensitivity. In vivo tests showed that serpinB9 inhibitor administration slowed RENCA tumor growth, but this effect was reduced in RENCA/hCA9 tumors, even with adjunctive immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Further, inducing hypoxia or introducing the mouse CA9 gene upregulated serpinB9 expression, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of the mouse CA9 gene inhibited the hypoxia-induced induction of serpinB9 in the original RENCA cells. Supernatants from RENCA/hCA9 cultures had lower pH than those from RENCA, suggesting acidosis. This acidity enhanced serpinB9 expression and T cell apoptosis. Moreover, coculturing with RENCA/hCA9 cells more actively prompted T cell apoptosis than with RENCA cells. Collectively, these findings suggest hypoxia-associated CA9 not only boosts serpinB9 in cancer cells but also synergistically intensifies T cell apoptosis via acidosis, characterizing RENCA/hCA9 tumors as "cold."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Harada
- Department of ImmunologyShimane University Faculty of MedicineShimaneJapan
| | - Hitoshi Kotani
- Department of ImmunologyShimane University Faculty of MedicineShimaneJapan
| | - Yuichi Iida
- Department of ImmunologyShimane University Faculty of MedicineShimaneJapan
| | - Ryosuke Tanino
- Division of Medical Oncology & Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineShimane University Faculty of MedicineShimaneJapan
| | - Takafumi Minami
- Department of UrologyKindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | | | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of UrologyKindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
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3
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Zannikou M, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Signaling by Type I Interferons in Immune Cells: Disease Consequences. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1600. [PMID: 38672681 PMCID: PMC11049350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses interferon (IFN) signaling in immune cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) and examines how this affects cancer progression. The data reveal that IFNs exert dual roles in cancers, dependent on the TME, exhibiting both anti-tumor activity and promoting cancer progression. We discuss the abnormal IFN signaling induced by cancerous cells that alters immune responses to permit their survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markella Zannikou
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eleanor N. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada;
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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4
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Lum FM, Chan YH, Teo TH, Becht E, Amrun SN, Teng KW, Hartimath SV, Yeo NK, Yee WX, Ang N, Torres-Ruesta AM, Fong SW, Goggi JL, Newell EW, Renia L, Carissimo G, Ng LF. Crosstalk between CD64 +MHCII + macrophages and CD4 + T cells drives joint pathology during chikungunya. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:641-663. [PMID: 38332201 PMCID: PMC10940729 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Communications between immune cells are essential to ensure appropriate coordination of their activities. Here, we observed the infiltration of activated macrophages into the joint-footpads of chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-infected animals. Large numbers of CD64+MHCII+ and CD64+MHCII- macrophages were present in the joint-footpad, preceded by the recruitment of their CD11b+Ly6C+ inflammatory monocyte precursors. Recruitment and differentiation of these myeloid subsets were dependent on CD4+ T cells and GM-CSF. Transcriptomic and gene ontology analyses of CD64+MHCII+ and CD64+MHCII- macrophages revealed 89 differentially expressed genes, including genes involved in T cell proliferation and differentiation pathways. Depletion of phagocytes, including CD64+MHCII+ macrophages, from CHIKV-infected mice reduced disease pathology, demonstrating that these cells play a pro-inflammatory role in CHIKV infection. Together, these results highlight the synergistic dynamics of immune cell crosstalk in driving CHIKV immunopathogenesis. This study provides new insights in the disease mechanism and offers opportunities for development of novel anti-CHIKV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fok-Moon Lum
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Teck-Hui Teo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Etienne Becht
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Karen Ww Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siddesh V Hartimath
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kw Yeo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Wearn-Xin Yee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Anthony M Torres-Ruesta
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Julian L Goggi
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Lisa Fp Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK.
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5
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Ismail NH, Mussa A, Al-Khreisat MJ, Mohamed Yusoff S, Husin A, Johan MF. Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2328. [PMID: 37510072 PMCID: PMC10378430 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy. Most MM patients are diagnosed at a late stage because the early symptoms of the disease can be uncertain and nonspecific, often resembling other, more common conditions. Additionally, MM patients are commonly associated with rapid relapse and an inevitable refractory phase. MM is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. During the progression of MM, massive genomic alterations occur that target multiple signaling pathways and are accompanied by a multistep process involving differentiation, proliferation, and invasion. Moreover, the transformation of healthy plasma cell biology into genetically heterogeneous MM clones is driven by a variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs), which has complicated the discovery of effective treatments. PTMs have been identified as the most promising candidates for biomarker detection, and further research has been recommended to develop promising surrogate markers. Proteomics research has begun in MM, and a comprehensive literature review is available. However, proteomics applications in MM have yet to make significant progress. Exploration of proteomic alterations in MM is worthwhile to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of MM and to search for new treatment targets. Proteomics studies using mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with robust bioinformatics tools are an excellent way to learn more about protein changes and modifications during disease progression MM. This article addresses in depth the proteomic changes associated with MM disease transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hayati Ismail
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Mussa
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman P.O. Box 382, Sudan
| | - Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shafini Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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6
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Zheng Y, Zhao J, Shan Y, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Role of the granzyme family in rheumatoid arthritis: Current Insights and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137918. [PMID: 36875082 PMCID: PMC9977805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation that affects synovial tissues of multiple joints. Granzymes (Gzms) are serine proteases that are released into the immune synapse between cytotoxic lymphocytes and target cells. They enter target cells with the help of perforin to induce programmed cell death in inflammatory and tumor cells. Gzms may have a connection with RA. First, increased levels of Gzms have been found in the serum (GzmB), plasma (GzmA, GzmB), synovial fluid (GzmB, GzmM), and synovial tissue (GzmK) of patients with RA. Moreover, Gzms may contribute to inflammation by degrading the extracellular matrix and promoting cytokine release. They are thought to be involved in RA pathogenesis and have the potential to be used as biomarkers for RA diagnosis, although their exact role is yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the possible role of the granzyme family in RA, with the aim of providing a reference for future research on the mechanisms of RA and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J Schrodi
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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7
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Nüssing S, Sutton VR, Trapani JA, Parish IA. Beyond target cell death - Granzyme serine proteases in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101152. [PMID: 36368281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of small (∼32 kDa) serine proteases with a range of substrate specificities that are stored in, and released from, the cytoplasmic secretory vesicles ('granules') of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Granzymes are not digestive proteases but finely tuned processing enzymes that target their substrates in specific ways to activate various signalling pathways, or to inactivate viral proteins and other targets. Great emphasis has been placed on studying the pro-apoptotic functions of granzymes, which largely depend on their synergy with the pore-forming protein perforin, on which they rely for penetration into the target cell cytosol to access their substrates. While a critical role for granzyme B in target cell apoptosis is undisputed, both it and the remaining granzymes also influence a variety of other biological processes (including important immunoregulatory functions), which are discussed in this review. This includes the targeting of many extracellular as well as intracellular substrates, and can also lead to deleterious outcomes for the host if granzyme expression or function are dysregulated or abrogated. A final important consideration is that granzyme repertoire, biochemistry and function vary considerably across species, probably resulting from the pressures applied by viruses and other pathogens across evolutionary time. This has implications for the interpretation of granzyme function in preclinical models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nüssing
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Vivien R Sutton
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Ian A Parish
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, ACT, Australia.
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8
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Jotereau F, Alameddine J, Teusan R, Pédron A, Jouand N, Altare F, Godefroy E. Human gut microbiota-reactive DP8α regulatory T cells, signature and related emerging functions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026994. [PMID: 36479125 PMCID: PMC9720269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, microbiota-induced Tregs both maintain intestinal homeostasis and provide resistance to immuno-pathologies in the adult. Identifying their human functional counterpart therefore represents an important goal. We discovered, in the human colonic lamina propria and blood, a FoxP3-negative IL-10-secreting Treg subset, which co-expresses CD4 and CD8α (hence named DP8α) and displays a TCR-reactivity against Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, indicating a role for this symbiotic bacterium in their induction. Moreover, supporting their role in intestinal homeostasis, we previously reported both their drastic decrease in IBD patients and their protective role in vivo against intestinal inflammation, in mice. Here, we aimed at identifying the genomic, phenotypic and functional signatures of these microbiota-induced Tregs, towards delineating their physiological role(s) and clinical potential. Human F. prausnitzii-reactive DP8α Treg clones were derived from both the colonic lamina propria and blood. RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry and functional assays were performed to characterize their response upon activation and compare them to donor- and tissue-matched FoxP3+ Treg clones. DP8α Tregs exhibited a unique mixed Tr1-like/cytotoxic CD4+ T cell-profile and shared the RORγt and MAF master genes with mouse gut microbiota-induced FoxP3+ Tregs. We revealed their potent cytotoxic, chemotactic and IgA-promoting abilities, which were confirmed using in vitro assays. Therefore, besides their induction by a Clostridium bacterium, DP8α Tregs also partake master genes with mouse microbiota-induced Tregs. The present identification of their complete signature and novel functional properties, should be key in delineating the in vivo roles and therapeutic applications of these unique human microbiota-induced Tregs through their study in pathological contexts, particularly in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Jotereau
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
| | - Joudy Alameddine
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Raluca Teusan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Annabelle Pédron
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jouand
- Cytocell, BioCore, Nantes Université UMS 3556, Inserm US016, CNRS UAR 3556, CHU Nantes, SFR Santé François BONAMY, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Altare
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
| | - Emmanuelle Godefroy
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
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9
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Richardson KC, Jung K, Pardo J, Turner CT, Granville DJ. Noncytotoxic Roles of Granzymes in Health and Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:323-348. [PMID: 35820180 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzymes are serine proteases previously believed to play exclusive and somewhat redundant roles in lymphocyte-mediated target cell death. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm. Distinct substrate profiles and functions have since emerged for each granzyme while their dysregulated proteolytic activities have been linked to diverse pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn C Richardson
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julian Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christopher T Turner
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Krauter S, Büscher N, Bräuchle E, Ortega Iannazzo S, Penner I, Krämer N, Gogesch P, Thomas S, Kreutz M, Dejung M, Freiwald A, Butter F, Waibler Z, Plachter B. An Attenuated Strain of Human Cytomegalovirus for the Establishment of a Subviral Particle Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081326. [PMID: 36016214 PMCID: PMC9413975 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with severe disease conditions either following congenital transmission of the virus or viral reactivation in immunosuppressed individuals. Consequently, the establishment of a protective vaccine is of high medical need. Several candidates have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies, yet no vaccine has been licensed. Subviral dense bodies (DB) are a promising vaccine candidate. We have recently provided a GMP-compliant protocol for the production of DB, based on a genetically modified version of the HCMV laboratory strain Towne, expressing the pentameric complex of envelope protein gH-gL-pUL128-131 (Towne-UL130rep). In this work, we genetically attenuated Towne-UL130rep by abrogating the expression of the tegument protein pUL25 and by fusing the destabilizing domain ddFKBP to the N-terminus of the IE1- and IE2-proteins of HCMV. The resulting strain, termed TR-VAC, produced high amounts of DB under IE1/IE2 repressive conditions and concomitant supplementation of the viral terminase inhibitor letermovir to the producer cell culture. TR-VAC DB retained the capacity to induce neutralizing antibodies. A complex pattern of host protein induction was observed by mass spectrometry following exposure of primary human monocytes with TR-VAC DB. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) moderately increased the expression of activation markers and MHC molecules upon stimulation with TR-VAC DB. In a co-culture with autologous T cells, the TR-VAC DB-stimulated DC induced a robust HCMV-specific T cell-activation and –proliferation. Exposure of donor-derived monocytic cells to DB led to the activation of a rapid innate immune response. This comprehensive data set thus shows that TR-VAC is an optimal attenuated seed virus strain for the production of a DB vaccine to be tested in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Krauter
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Büscher
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eric Bräuchle
- Division of Immunology, Section 3/1 “Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines”, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Samira Ortega Iannazzo
- Division of Immunology, Section 3/1 “Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines”, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Inessa Penner
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Krämer
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia Gogesch
- Division of Immunology, Section 3/1 “Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines”, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Simone Thomas
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg and Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg and Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mario Dejung
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Freiwald
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Falk Butter
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zoe Waibler
- Division of Immunology, Section 3/1 “Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines”, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Bodo Plachter
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-179232
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11
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Kimura Y, Tsunedomi R, Yoshimura K, Matsukuma S, Shindo Y, Matsui H, Tokumitsu Y, Yoshida S, Iida M, Suzuki N, Takeda S, Ioka T, Hazama S, Nagano H. Immune Evasion of Hepatoma Cancer Stem-Like Cells from Natural Killer Cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:7423-7433. [PMID: 35876924 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor prognosis in liver cancer is due to its high frequency of intrahepatic metastasis. Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs), which possess the properties of stemness, tumor initiation capability, and resistance to therapy, also exhibit metastatic potential. Immune surveillance plays an important role in the accomplishment of metastasis. Herein, the property of immune evasion in CSLCs was investigated. METHODS Sphere cells were induced as CSLCs using a sphere induction medium containing neural survival factor-1. The expression of genes involved in immune evasion was determined using RNA-sequencing for sphere and parental cells followed by validation using flow cytometric analysis and ELISA. Susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity was examined by a chromium release assay. A xenograft model using BALB/c nu/nu mice was used to assess tumor growth. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed for interpreting RNA sequencing. RESULTS The cell surface expressions of PD-L1, PD-L2, and CEACAM1 were upregulated and those of ULBP1 and MICA/MICB were downregulated in SK-sphere, CSLCs derived from SK-HEP-1, compared with that in parental cells. Levels of soluble MICA were elevated in conditioned medium from SK-sphere. Expression of HLA class I was not downregulated in SK-sphere. The susceptibilities to NK cell-mediated killing and secreted perforin were significantly lower in both CSLCs derived from SK-HEP-1 and HLE than in parental cells. Tumors formed upon inoculation of SK-sphere in immunodeficient mice harboring NK cells were larger than those formed upon inoculation of parental cells. CONCLUSION Human hepatoma cell line-derived CSLCs may possess immune evasion properties, especially from NK cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsukuma
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yukio Tokumitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shin Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Michihisa Iida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ioka
- Oncology Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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12
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Single-cell multiomics reveals persistence of HIV-1 in expanded cytotoxic T cell clones. Immunity 2022; 55:1013-1031.e7. [PMID: 35320704 PMCID: PMC9203927 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers and markers of clonally expanding HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells is essential for HIV-1 eradication. We used single-cell ECCITE-seq, which captures surface protein expression, cellular transcriptome, HIV-1 RNA, and TCR sequences within the same single cell to track clonal expansion dynamics in longitudinally archived samples from six HIV-1-infected individuals (during viremia and after suppressive antiretroviral therapy) and two uninfected individuals, in unstimulated conditions and after CMV and HIV-1 antigen stimulation. Despite antiretroviral therapy, persistent antigen and TNF responses shaped T cell clonal expansion. HIV-1 resided in Th1-polarized, antigen-responding T cells expressing BCL2 and SERPINB9 that may resist cell death. HIV-1 RNA+ T cell clones were larger in clone size, established during viremia, persistent after viral suppression, and enriched in GZMB+ cytotoxic effector memory Th1 cells. Targeting HIV-1-infected cytotoxic CD4+ T cells and drivers of clonal expansion provides another direction for HIV-1 eradication.
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Reinstein Merjava S, Kossl J, Neuwirth A, Skalicka P, Hlinomazova Z, Holan V, Jirsova K. Presence of Protease Inhibitor 9 and Granzyme B in Healthy and Pathological Human Corneas. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050793. [PMID: 35625521 PMCID: PMC9138262 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Detailed knowledge of the structure and properties of the human cornea is a prerequisite not only for the treatment of various corneal diseases but also for successful corneal transplantation and its long-term survival after grafting. Using various cell and molecular biology approaches, we found in cornea the protease inhibitor 9. This protein, known to be present in other human tissues but not yet reported in cornea, is directly involved in the immune response after transplantation. Together with its inhibitor (granzyme B), we localized this protein, especially in the superficial and inner cornea layers. This localization indicates that protease inhibitor 9 protein may be involved in protecting the cornea from external damage, but also in protection against immune cells inducing corneal graft rejection. Furthermore, we have shown on pathological corneal samples from corneal melting and herpes virus keratitis that the increased expression of both proteins is linked to these diseases. These experiments and their results represent an important contribution to the basic research of cornea biological properties with direct overlap into clinical practice. Abstract The aim of this study was to find out whether protease inhibitor 9 (PI-9) and granzyme B (GrB) molecules that contribute to immune response and the immunological privilege of various tissues are expressed in healthy and pathological human corneas. Using cryosections, cell imprints of control corneoscleral discs, we showed that PI-9 was expressed particularly in the endothelium, the superficial and suprabasal epithelium of healthy corneas, limbus, and conjunctiva. GrB was localized in healthy corneal and conjunctival epithelium, while the endothelium showed weak immunostaining. The expression of PI-6 and GrB was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Increased expression levels of the PI-9 and GrB genes were determined when the corneas were cultured with proinflammatory cytokines. Fluorescent and enzymatic immunohistochemistry of pathological corneal explants (corneal melting and herpes virus keratitis) showed pronounced PI-9, GrB, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, and leukocyte-common antigen (CD45) signals localized in multicellular stromal infiltrates and inflammatory cells scattered in the corneal stroma. We conclude that increased expression of the PI-9 and GrB proteins under pathological conditions and their upregulation in an inflammatory environment indicate their participation in immune response of the cornea during the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Reinstein Merjava
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.R.M.); (K.J.); Tel.: +420-224-968-006 (K.J.)
| | - Jan Kossl
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Ales Neuwirth
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavlina Skalicka
- Department of Ophthalmology, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Vladimir Holan
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Katerina Jirsova
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.R.M.); (K.J.); Tel.: +420-224-968-006 (K.J.)
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14
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Jung K, Pawluk MA, Lane M, Nabai L, Granville DJ. Granzyme B in Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Related Skin Diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C170-C189. [PMID: 35442832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00052.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The predominant function of the skin is to serve as a barrier - to protect against external insults and to prevent water loss. Junctional and structural proteins in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, are critical to the integrity of the epidermal barrier as it balances ongoing outward migration, differentiation, and desquamation of keratinocytes in the epidermis. As such, epidermal barrier function is highly susceptible to upsurges of proteolytic activity in the stratum corneum and epidermis. Granzyme B is a serine protease scarce in healthy tissues but present at high levels in tissues encumbered by chronic inflammation. Discovered in the 1980s, Granzyme B is currently recognized for its intracellular roles in immune cell-mediated targeted apoptosis as well as extracellular roles in inflammation, chronic injuries, tissue remodeling, and processing of cytokines, matrix proteins, and autoantigens. Increasing evidence has emerged in recent years supporting a role for Granzyme B in promoting barrier dysfunction in the epidermis by direct cleavage of barrier proteins and eliciting immunoreactivity. Likewise, Granzyme B contributes to impaired epithelial function of the airways, retina, gut and vessels. In the present review, the role of Granzyme B in cutaneous epithelial dysfunction is discussed in the context of specific conditions with an overview of underlying mechanisms as well as utility of current experimental and therapeutic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan A Pawluk
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Lane
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Layla Nabai
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Tuomela K, Ambrose AR, Davis DM. Escaping Death: How Cancer Cells and Infected Cells Resist Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867098. [PMID: 35401556 PMCID: PMC8984481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes are critical in our immune defence against cancer and infection. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells can directly lyse malignant or infected cells in at least two ways: granule-mediated cytotoxicity, involving perforin and granzyme B, or death receptor-mediated cytotoxicity, involving the death receptor ligands, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Fas ligand (FasL). In either case, a multi-step pathway is triggered to facilitate lysis, relying on active pro-death processes and signalling within the target cell. Because of this reliance on an active response from the target cell, each mechanism of cell-mediated killing can be manipulated by malignant and infected cells to evade cytolytic death. Here, we review the mechanisms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity and examine how cells may evade these cytolytic processes. This includes resistance to perforin through degradation or reduced pore formation, resistance to granzyme B through inhibition or autophagy, and resistance to death receptors through inhibition of downstream signalling or changes in protein expression. We also consider the importance of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cytotoxicity and resistance mechanisms against this pathway. Altogether, it is clear that target cells are not passive bystanders to cell-mediated cytotoxicity and resistance mechanisms can significantly constrain immune cell-mediated killing. Understanding these processes of immune evasion may lead to novel ideas for medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel M. Davis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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16
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Rasi V, Hameed OA, Matthey P, Bera S, Grandgenett DP, Salentinig S, Walch M, Hoft DF. Improved Purification of Human Granzyme A/B and Granulysin Using a Mammalian Expression System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830290. [PMID: 35300343 PMCID: PMC8921980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes release proteins contained within the cytoplasmic cytolytic granules after recognition of infected or tumor target cells. These cytotoxic granular proteins (namely granzymes, granulysin, and perforin) are key immunological mediators within human cellular immunity. The availability of highly purified cytotoxic proteins has been fundamental for understanding their function in immunity and mechanistic involvement in sepsis and autoimmunity. Methods for recovery of native cytotoxic proteins can be problematic leading to: 1) the co-purification of additional proteins, confounding interpretation of function, and 2) low yields of highly purified proteins. Recombinant protein expression of individual cytolytic components can overcome these challenges. The use of mammalian expression systems is preferred for optimal post-translational modifications and avoidance of endotoxin contamination. Some of these proteins have been proposed for host directed human therapies (e.g. - granzyme A), or treatment of systemic infections or tumors as in granulysin. We report here a novel expression system using HEK293T cells for cost-effective purification of high yields of human granzymes (granzyme A and granzyme B) and granulysin with enhanced biological activity than previous reports. The resulting proteins are free of native contaminants, fold correctly, and remain enzymatically active. Importantly, these improvements have also led to the first purification of biologically active recombinant human granulysin in high yields from a mammalian system. This method can be used as a template for purification of many other secreted cellular proteins and may lead to advances for human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Rasi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Owais Abdul Hameed
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Matthey
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sibes Bera
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Duane P. Grandgenett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Walch
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Daniel F. Hoft, ; Michael Walch,
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Daniel F. Hoft, ; Michael Walch,
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17
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Tripathi N, Danger R, Chesneau M, Brouard S, Laurent AD. Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism granzyme B upon substrate and inhibitor binding. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 114:108167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Luke CJ, Markovina S, Good M, Wight IE, Thomas BJ, Linneman JM, Lanik WE, Koroleva O, Coffman MR, Miedel MT, Gong Q, Andress A, Campos Guerrero M, Wang S, Chen L, Beatty WL, Hausmann KN, White FV, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Orvedahl A, Pak SC, Silverman GA. Lysoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved cell death pathway moderated by intracellular serpins. Commun Biol 2022; 5:47. [PMID: 35022507 PMCID: PMC8755814 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin release typifies lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD). However, LMP occurs in most regulated cell death programs suggesting LDCD is not an independent cell death pathway, but is conscripted to facilitate the final cellular demise by other cell death routines. Previously, we demonstrated that Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) null for a cysteine protease inhibitor, srp-6, undergo a specific LDCD pathway characterized by LMP and cathepsin-dependent cytoplasmic proteolysis. We designated this cell death routine, lysoptosis, to distinguish it from other pathways employing LMP. In this study, mouse and human epithelial cells lacking srp-6 homologues, mSerpinb3a and SERPINB3, respectively, demonstrated a lysoptosis phenotype distinct from other cell death pathways. Like in C. elegans, this pathway depended on LMP and released cathepsins, predominantly cathepsin L. These studies suggested that lysoptosis is an evolutionarily-conserved eukaryotic LDCD that predominates in the absence of neutralizing endogenous inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff J Luke
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Stephanie Markovina
- Siteman Cancer Center, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ira E Wight
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J Thomas
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Linneman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wyatt E Lanik
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Olga Koroleva
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie R Coffman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark T Miedel
- Department of Computational and Systems biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arlise Andress
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marlene Campos Guerrero
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Songyan Wang
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - LiYun Chen
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wandy L Beatty
- Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelsey N Hausmann
- Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frances V White
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Neuroscience, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen C Pak
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary A Silverman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Burgener SS, Brügger M, Leborgne NGF, Sollberger S, Basilico P, Kaufmann T, Bird PI, Benarafa C. Granule Leakage Induces Cell-Intrinsic, Granzyme B-Mediated Apoptosis in Mast Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630166. [PMID: 34858967 PMCID: PMC8630627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are multifunctional immune cells scattered in tissues near blood vessels and mucosal surfaces where they mediate important reactions against parasites and contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic reactions. Serine proteases released from secretory granules upon mast cell activation contribute to these functions by modulating cytokine activity, platelet activation and proteolytic neutralization of toxins. The forced release of granule proteases into the cytosol of mast cells to induce cell suicide has recently been proposed as a therapeutic approach to reduce mast cell numbers in allergic diseases, but the molecular pathways involved in granule-mediated mast cell suicide are incompletely defined. To identify intrinsic granule proteases that can cause mast cell death, we used mice deficient in cytosolic serine protease inhibitors and their respective target proteases. We found that deficiency in Serpinb1a, Serpinb6a, and Serpinb9a or in their target proteases did not alter the kinetics of apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation in vitro or the number of peritoneal mast cells in vivo. The serine protease cathepsin G induced marginal cell death upon mast cell granule permeabilization only when its inhibitors Serpinb1a or Serpinb6a were deleted. In contrast, the serine protease granzyme B was essential for driving apoptosis in mast cells. On granule permeabilization, granzyme B was required for caspase-3 processing and cell death. Moreover, cytosolic granzyme B inhibitor Serpinb9a prevented caspase-3 processing and mast cell death in a granzyme B-dependent manner. Together, our findings demonstrate that cytosolic serpins provide an inhibitory shield preventing granule protease-induced mast cell apoptosis, and that the granzyme B-Serpinb9a-caspase-3 axis is critical in mast cell survival and could be targeted in the context of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sofia Burgener
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Brügger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Georges François Leborgne
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Sollberger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Basilico
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Theodor Kocher Institute, Department of Preclinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Phillip Ian Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Kadin ME, Morgan J, Xu H, Glicksman C, Sieber D, Adams WP, McGuire P, Clemens MW, Thakur A, Lum LG. Granzyme B Is a Biomarker for Suspicion of Malignant Seromas Around Breast Implants. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:1359-1364. [PMID: 33165542 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granzyme B (GrB) is a serine protease secreted, along with pore-forming perforin, by cytotoxic lymphocytes to mediate apoptosis in target cells. GrB has been detected in tumor cells associated with systemic and breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) but its potential use for detection of early BIA-ALCL has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVES Prompted by the increased incidence of BIA-ALCL, the aim of this study was to assess GrB as a new biomarker to detect early disease in malignant seromas and to better understand the nature of the neoplastic cell. METHODS A Human XL Cytokine Discovery Magnetic Luminex 45-plex Fixed Panel Performance Assay was used to compare cytokine levels in cell culture supernatants of BIA-ALCL and other T-cell lymphomas, as well as malignant and benign seromas surrounding breast implants. Immunohistochemistry was employed to localize GrB to cells in seromas and capsular infiltrates. RESULTS Differences in GrB concentrations between malignant and benign seromas were significant (P < 0.001). GrB was found in and around apoptotic tumor cells, suggesting that the protease may be involved in tumor cell death. CONCLUSIONS GrB is a useful marker for early detection of malignant seromas and to identify tumor cells in seromas and capsular infiltrates. Because there is an overlap between the lowest concentrations of soluble GrB in malignant seromas and the highest concentrations of GrB in benign seromas, it is recommended that GrB be used only as part of a panel of biomarkers for the screening and early detection of BIA-ALCL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall E Kadin
- pathology and laboratory medicine (research), Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John Morgan
- director of the Research Core Facility, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Haiying Xu
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - William P Adams
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pat McGuire
- Parkcrest Plastic Surgery, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark W Clemens
- Department of Plastic Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Archana Thakur
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lawrence G Lum
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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21
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Wang WJ, Wang J, Ouyang C, Chen C, Xu XF, Ye XQ. Overview of serpin B9 and its roles in cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:190. [PMID: 34278491 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitor B9 (serpin B9) is a member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, which is widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Serpin B9 has been reported to protect cells from the immune‑killing effect of granzyme B (GrB) released by lymphocytes. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that serpin B9 is involved in tumour apoptosis, immune evasion, tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance and even in maintaining the stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Moreover, according to clinical studies, serpin B9 has been demonstrated to be significantly associated with the development of precancerous lesions, a poor prognosis and ineffective therapies, suggesting that serpin B9 may be a potential target for cancer treatment and an indicator of cancer diagnosis; thus, it has begun to attract increased attention from scholars. The present review concisely described the structure and biological functions of the serpin superfamily and serpin B9. In addition, related research on serpins in cancer is discussed in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of serpin B9 in cancer, as well as its clinical significance for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qun Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Yong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Jian He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Liping Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting Theranostics National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
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23
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Direct Tumor Killing and Immunotherapy through Anti-SerpinB9 Therapy. Cell 2021; 183:1219-1233.e18. [PMID: 33242418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapies kill tumors either directly or indirectly by evoking immune responses and have been combined with varying levels of success. Here, we describe a paradigm to control cancer growth that is based on both direct tumor killing and the triggering of protective immunity. Genetic ablation of serine protease inhibitor SerpinB9 (Sb9) results in the death of tumor cells in a granzyme B (GrB)-dependent manner. Sb9-deficient mice exhibited protective T cell-based host immunity to tumors in association with a decline in GrB-expressing immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Maximal protection against tumor development was observed when the tumor and host were deficient in Sb9. The therapeutic utility of Sb9 inhibition was demonstrated by the control of tumor growth, resulting in increased survival times in mice. Our studies describe a molecular target that permits a combination of tumor ablation, interference within the TME, and immunotherapy in one potential modality.
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24
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Chen Y, Quan L, Jia C, Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Liu A. Proteomics-Based Approach Reveals the Involvement of SERPINB9 in Recurrent and Relapsed Multiple Myeloma. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2673-2686. [PMID: 33650432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy with poorly understood recurrence and relapse mechanisms. Notably, bortezomib resistance leading to relapse makes MM treatment significantly challenging. To clarify the drug resistance mechanism, we employed a quantitative proteomics approach to identify differentially expressed protein candidates implicated in bortezomib-resistant recurrent and relapsed MM (RRMM). Bone marrow aspirates from five patients newly diagnosed with MM (NDMM) were compared with those from five patients diagnosed with bortezomib-resistant RRMM using tandem mass tag-mass spectrometry (TMT-MS). Subcellular localization and functional classification of the differentially expressed proteins were determined by gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, and hierarchical clustering analyses. The top candidates identified were validated with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis using tissue samples from 11 NDMM and 8 RRMM patients, followed by comparison with the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset of 10 MM patients and 10 healthy controls (accession no.: GSE80608). Thirty-four differentially expressed proteins in RRMM, including proteinase inhibitor 9 (SERPINB9), were identified by TMT-MS. Subsequent functional enrichment analyses of the identified protein candidates indicated their involvement in regulating cellular metabolism, apoptosis, programmed cell death, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and defense response pathways in RRMM. The top protein candidate SERPINB9 was confirmed by PRM analysis and western blotting as well as by comparison with an NCBI GEO dataset. We elucidated the proteome landscape of bortezomib-resistant RRMM and identified SERPINB9 as a promising novel therapeutic target. Our results provide a resource for future studies on the mechanism of RRMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lina Quan
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Chuiming Jia
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Guo
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinya Wang
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Immunology Department, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Aichun Liu
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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25
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Hillen LM, Vandyck HLD, Leunissen DJG, de Greef BTA, Bosisio FM, zur Hausen A, van den Oord J, Winnepenninckx V. Integrative histopathological and immunophenotypical characterisation of the inflammatory microenvironment in spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms. Histopathology 2021; 78:607-626. [PMID: 32970867 PMCID: PMC7894529 DOI: 10.1111/his.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The role of inflammation in conventional cutaneous melanoma has been extensively studied, whereas only little is known about the inflammatory microenvironment and immunogenic properties of spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms. The composition of infiltrating immune cells and the architectural distribution of the inflammation, in particular, are still obscure. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to systematically characterise the inflammatory patterns and the leucocyte subsets in spitzoid melanocytic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined 79 spitzoid neoplasms including banal Spitz naevi (SN, n = 50), atypical Spitz tumours (AST, n = 17) and malignant Spitz tumours (MST, n = 12) using histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Spitzoid melanocytic lesions showed a high frequency (67.1%, n = 53 of 79) of inflammation. Four inflammatory patterns were identified according to architectural composition, distribution and intensity of inflammation. The majority of the inflammatory infiltrate corresponded to CD3+ /CD8+ T lymphocytes (56.1%), followed by CD3+ /CD4+ T cells (35.7%) and CD68+ histiocytes (20.3%). CD3+ /TIA-1+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes constituted 3.7% of inflammatory cells. Rarely, CD3+ / granzyme B+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (2.7%) and CD138+ plasma cells (0.5%) were detected in the infiltrating immune cells. There was no significant difference in the inflammatory cellular composition among the spitzoid melanocytic subgroups (SN versus AST versus MST). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that Spitz tumours are highly immunogenic lesions. Inflammation with the presence of lymphocytic aggregates predominated in SN, but was not distinctive for this melanocytic category. A strong and intense inflammation was suggestive of an underlying malignancy. The infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocyte subsets in Spitz tumours deserve further investigation in larger study cohorts to elucidate prognostic and immuno-oncological therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Hillen
- Department of PathologyGROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Hendrik L D Vandyck
- Department of PathologyGROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Daphne J G Leunissen
- Department of PathologyGROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Bianca T A de Greef
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology AssessmentMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Francesca M Bosisio
- Laboratory for Translational Cell and Tissue Research (TCTR)University of LeuvenKULLeuvenBelgium
| | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of PathologyGROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Laboratory for Translational Cell and Tissue Research (TCTR)University of LeuvenKULLeuvenBelgium
- Department of PathologyUniversity HospitalsLeuvenBelgium
| | - Véronique Winnepenninckx
- Department of PathologyGROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtthe Netherlands
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26
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Granzymes in cardiovascular injury and disease. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109804. [PMID: 33035645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and impaired wound healing play important roles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the aberrant secretion of proteases plays a critical role in pathological tissue remodeling in chronic inflammatory conditions. Human Granzymes (Granule secreted enzymes - Gzms) comprise a family of five (GzmA, B, H, K, M) cell-secreted serine proteases. Although each unique in function and substrate specificities, Gzms were originally thought to share redundant, intracellular roles in cytotoxic lymphocyte-induced cell death. However, an abundance of evidence has challenged this dogma. It is now recognized, that individual Gzms exhibit unique substrate repertoires and functions both intracellularly and extracellularly. In the extracellular milieu, Gzms contribute to inflammation, vascular dysfunction and permeability, reduced cell adhesion, release of matrix-sequestered growth factors, receptor activation, and extracellular matrix cleavage. Despite these recent findings, the non-cytotoxic functions of Gzms in the context of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Minimally detected in tissues and bodily fluids of normal individuals, GzmB is elevated in patients with acute coronary syndromes, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. Pre-clinical animal models have exemplified the importance of GzmB in atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and cardiac fibrosis as animals deficient in GzmB exhibit reduced tissue remodeling, improved disease phenotypes and increased survival. Although a role for GzmB in cardiovascular disease is described, further work to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin the remaining human Gzms activity in cardiovascular disease is necessary. The present review provides a summary of the pre-clinical and clinical evidence, as well as emerging areas of research pertaining to Gzms in tissue remodeling and cardiovascular disease.
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27
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Valandro F, Menguer PK, Cabreira-Cagliari C, Margis-Pinheiro M, Cagliari A. Programmed cell death (PCD) control in plants: New insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana deathosome. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110603. [PMID: 32900441 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In plants PCD occurs during development, defence response and when exposed to adverse conditions. PCD acts controlling the number of cells by eliminating damaged, old, or unnecessary cells to maintain cellular homeostasis. Unlike in animals, the knowledge about PCD in plants is limited. The molecular network that controls plant PCD is poorly understood. Here we present a review of the current mechanisms involved with the genetic control of PCD in plants. We also present an updated version of the AtLSD1 deathosome, which was previously proposed as a network controlling HR-mediated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. Finally, we discuss the unclear points and open questions related to the AtLSD1 deathosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valandro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Cagliari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), RS, Brazil.
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28
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Burgener SS, Leborgne NGF, Snipas SJ, Salvesen GS, Bird PI, Benarafa C. Cathepsin G Inhibition by Serpinb1 and Serpinb6 Prevents Programmed Necrosis in Neutrophils and Monocytes and Reduces GSDMD-Driven Inflammation. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3646-3656.e5. [PMID: 31216481 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granule serine proteases contribute to immune responses through cleavage of microbial toxins and structural proteins. They induce tissue damage and modulate inflammation if levels exceed their inhibitors. Here, we show that the intracellular protease inhibitors Serpinb1a and Serpinb6a contribute to monocyte and neutrophil survival in steady-state and inflammatory settings by inhibiting cathepsin G (CatG). Importantly, we found that CatG efficiently cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD) to generate the signature N-terminal domain GSDMD-p30 known to induce pyroptosis. Yet GSDMD deletion did not rescue neutrophil survival in Sb1a.Sb6a-/- mice. Furthermore, Sb1a.Sb6a-/- mice released high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon endotoxin challenge in vivo in a CatG-dependent manner. Canonical inflammasome activation in Sb1a.Sb6a-/- macrophages showed increased IL-1β release that was dependent on CatG and GSDMD. Together, our findings demonstrate that cytosolic serpins expressed in myeloid cells prevent cell death and regulate inflammatory responses by inhibiting CatG and alternative activation of GSDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sofia Burgener
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Georges François Leborgne
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Scott J Snipas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phillip Ian Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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29
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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Payer ÁR, Gonzalez S, López-Soto A. Mechanisms of Apoptosis Resistance to NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103726. [PMID: 32466293 PMCID: PMC7279491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are major contributors to immunosurveillance and control of tumor development by inducing apoptosis of malignant cells. Among the main mechanisms involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the death receptor pathway and the release of granules containing perforin/granzymes stand out due to their efficacy in eliminating tumor cells. However, accumulated evidence suggest a profound immune suppression in the context of tumor progression affecting effector cells, such as NK cells, leading to decreased cytotoxicity. This diminished capability, together with the development of resistance to apoptosis by cancer cells, favor the loss of immunogenicity and promote immunosuppression, thus partially inducing NK cell-mediated killing resistance. Altered expression patterns of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins along with genetic background comprise the main mechanisms of resistance to NK cell-related apoptosis. Herein, we summarize the main effector cytotoxic mechanisms against tumor cells, as well as the major resistance strategies acquired by tumor cells that hamper the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways related to NK cell-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.-H.); (S.G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-B.); (A.L.-S.)
| | - Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.-H.); (S.G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel R. Payer
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.-H.); (S.G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-B.); (A.L.-S.)
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30
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Kołt S, Janiszewski T, Kaiserman D, Modrzycka S, Snipas SJ, Salvesen G, Dra G M, Bird PI, Kasperkiewicz P. Detection of Active Granzyme A in NK92 Cells with Fluorescent Activity-Based Probe. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3359-3369. [PMID: 32142286 PMCID: PMC7590976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
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Cytotoxic
T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NKs) kill
compromised cells to defend against tumor and viral infections. Both
effector cell types use multiple strategies to induce target cell
death including Fas/CD95 activation and the release of perforin and
a group of lymphocyte granule serine proteases called granzymes. Granzymes
have relatively broad and overlapping substrate specificities and
may hydrolyze a wide range of peptidic epitopes; it is therefore challenging
to identify their natural and synthetic substrates and to distinguish
their localization and functions. Here, we present a specific and
potent substrate, an inhibitor, and an activity-based probe of Granzyme
A (GrA) that can be used to follow functional GrA in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kołt
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janiszewski
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dion Kaiserman
- Monash University, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sylwia Modrzycka
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Scott J Snipas
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Guy Salvesen
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Marcin Dra G
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.,NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phillip I Bird
- Monash University, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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31
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Mendioroz M, Puebla-Guedea M, Montero-Marín J, Urdánoz-Casado A, Blanco-Luquin I, Roldán M, Labarga A, García-Campayo J. Telomere length correlates with subtelomeric DNA methylation in long-term mindfulness practitioners. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4564. [PMID: 32165663 PMCID: PMC7067861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness and meditation techniques have proven successful for the reduction of stress and improvement in general health. In addition, meditation is linked to longevity and longer telomere length, a proposed biomarker of human aging. Interestingly, DNA methylation changes have been described at specific subtelomeric regions in long-term meditators compared to controls. However, the molecular basis underlying these beneficial effects of meditation on human health still remains unclear. Here we show that DNA methylation levels, measured by the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina) array, at specific subtelomeric regions containing GPR31 and SERPINB9 genes were associated with telomere length in long-term meditators with a strong statistical trend when correcting for multiple testing. Notably, age showed no association with telomere length in the group of long-term meditators. These results may suggest that long-term meditation could be related to epigenetic mechanisms, in particular gene-specific DNA methylation changes at distinct subtelomeric regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Mendioroz
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Navarrabiomed Biomedical Research Center- UPNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain. .,Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain.
| | - Marta Puebla-Guedea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Montero-Marín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Amaya Urdánoz-Casado
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Navarrabiomed Biomedical Research Center- UPNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain
| | - Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Navarrabiomed Biomedical Research Center- UPNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain
| | - Miren Roldán
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Navarrabiomed Biomedical Research Center- UPNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain
| | - Alberto Labarga
- Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed Biomedical Research Center - UPNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet University Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Saba Aslam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liudi Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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33
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Ikram S, Ahmad J, Durdagi S. Screening of FDA approved drugs for finding potential inhibitors against Granzyme B as a potent drug-repurposing target. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 95:107462. [PMID: 31786094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Granzyme B is one of the best-characterized and extensively studied member of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) proteases. Initially, it is thought to be involved in eliminating virally infected or cancerous cells by using a specialized mechanism through which they are internalized into target cells. In the last decade, however this dimension has changed as there are several reports show that not only CL but also other immune cells can also synthesize Granzyme B. This leads to the possibility of the presence of these proteases in extracellular environment. Being active protease, it then raises the possibility of damaging host tissues as evident from the available reported literature. In many instances, Granzyme B is directly involved in pathogenicity, however in others, it contributes to the disease severity as their over expression makes the clinical situation quite worse which ultimately leads to the chronic state of the disease. Serine protease inhibitor-9 is a natural known intracellular inhibitor of Granzyme B, however there is less data available about the potential inhibitors that can regulate its activity in an extracellular environment. Current study is an effort to identify potential novel inhibitors of Granzyme B. For this aim, drug repurposing study was performed. Around 7900 FDA approved drugs were screened using both ligand- and target-driven approaches. Initially, all molecules were docked using induced fit docking (IFD) approach and selected 318 high-docking scored molecules were used in short (1-ns) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on MM/GBSA binding free energy calculations, 6 compounds were selected and used in long (100-ns) MD simulations. These compounds were then used in binary QSAR analysis. Therapeutic activity potentials of studied compounds were investigated by Clarivate Analytics's MetaCore/MetaDrug platform which uses binary QSAR models. It is developed based on manually curated database of molecular interactions, molecular pathways, gene-disease associations, chemical metabolism and toxicity information. Results of selected compounds were compared with a positive control molecule. Current drug repurposing study is a step ahead in finding potential lead compounds by screening database of FDA approved molecules. We have identified novel inhibitors (Tannic acid, Mupirocin, Phytonadiol sodium diphosphate, Cefpiramide, Xenazoic acid) that have potential to decrease the activity of Granzyme B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Ikram
- Center of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan; Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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34
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Zhou B, Chen E, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhang N, Chen Z. Overexpression of proteinase inhibitor 9 is associated with poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma and with proliferation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:3719-3727. [PMID: 31933760 PMCID: PMC6949766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI9) levels predict a poor outcome for patients with several tumor types. We compared the expression of PI9 in HepG2 cells and in 21 pairs of tumor and peritumor tissue samples using western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect PI9 expression in 105 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in 20 adjacent normal liver tissues. Changes in the degree of apoptosis and proliferation were determined before and after transfection with pcDNA3.1-PI9 and small interfering (si)RNA-PI9 using MTT analysis, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. The correlation between PI9 expression and prognosis was determined in a large HCC patient cohort (n=105). Western blotting showed that PI9 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent tissues. PI9 immunohistochemical staining was positive in 78.1% of HCC tissues, which was significantly higher than that seen in adjacent normal liver tissue (35%). PI9 expression in HCC correlated closely with the extent of tumor differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis staging, and tumor size. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that PI9 is an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with HCC, and is related to overall survival. The apoptosis of HepG2 cells was significantly increased following PI9 up-regulation and significantly decreased after siRNA interference against PI9 expression. Cell proliferation was significantly decreased following PI9 up-regulation and significantly increased after siRNA interference of PI9 expression. PI9 appears to contribute to the apoptosis of HCC, and could be an independent predictor of recurrence and a suitable pharmaceutical target in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People’s HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Erlin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Suzhou Wuzhong People’s HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong Tongzhou People’s HospitalNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong UniversityNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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35
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Chen J, Cao Y, Markelc B, Kaeppler J, Vermeer JA, Muschel RJ. Type I IFN protects cancer cells from CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity after radiation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4224-4238. [PMID: 31483286 PMCID: PMC6763250 DOI: 10.1172/jci127458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of tumors with ionizing radiation stimulates an antitumor immune response partly dependent on induction of IFNs. These IFNs directly enhance dendritic cell and CD8+ T cell activity. Here we show that resistance to an effective antitumor immune response is also a result of IFN signaling in a different cellular compartment of the tumor, the cancer cells themselves. We abolished type I IFN signaling in cancer cells by genetic elimination of its receptor, IFNAR1. Pronounced immune responses were provoked after ionizing radiation of tumors from 4 mouse cancer cell lines with Ifnar1 knockout. This enhanced response depended on CD8+ T cells and was mediated by enhanced susceptibility to T cell-mediated killing. Induction of Serpinb9 proved to be the mechanism underlying control of susceptibility to T cell killing after radiation. Ifnar1-deficient tumors had an augmented response to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy with or without radiation. We conclude that type I IFN can protect cancer cells from T cell-mediated cytotoxicity through regulation of Serpinb9. This result helps explain why radiation of tumors can stimulate antitumor immunity yet also result in resistance. It further suggests potential targets for intervention to improve therapy and to predict responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/radiation effects
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/radiotherapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/radiation effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology
- Serpins/genetics
- Serpins/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Signal Transduction/radiation effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Chen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yunhong Cao
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Kaeppler
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A.F. Vermeer
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J. Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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36
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SerpinB1 controls encephalitogenic T helper cells in neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20635-20643. [PMID: 31548399 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905762116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SerpinB1, a protease inhibitor and neutrophil survival factor, was recently linked with IL-17-expressing T cells. Here, we show that serpinB1 (Sb1) is dramatically induced in a subset of effector CD4 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Despite normal T cell priming, Sb1 -/- mice are resistant to EAE with a paucity of T helper (TH) cells that produce two or more of the cytokines, IFNγ, GM-CSF, and IL-17. These multiple cytokine-producing CD4 cells proliferate extremely rapidly; highly express the cytolytic granule proteins perforin-A, granzyme C (GzmC), and GzmA and surface receptors IL-23R, IL-7Rα, and IL-1R1; and can be identified by the surface marker CXCR6. In Sb1 -/- mice, CXCR6+ TH cells are generated but fail to expand due to enhanced granule protease-mediated mitochondrial damage leading to suicidal cell death. Finally, anti-CXCR6 antibody treatment, like Sb1 deletion, dramatically reverts EAE, strongly indicating that the CXCR6+ T cells are the drivers of encephalitis.
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37
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Anft M, Netter P, Urlaub D, Prager I, Schaffner S, Watzl C. NK cell detachment from target cells is regulated by successful cytotoxicity and influences cytokine production. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:347-355. [PMID: 31471588 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells participate in early immune defenses against pathogens and tumors and play a major role as immune effector and regulatory cells. The NK cell-mediated elimination of an infected or cancerous cell is a highly regulated process that requires the formation of a cell contact, the establishment of an immunological synapse and the polarization and release of lytic granules. Additionally, the detachment of NK cells from target cells is important for NK cells to bind and kill other cells in a process called serial killing. However, very little is known about this detachment process. Here, we show that NK detachment is directly connected to the successful killing of a target cell. The inhibition of killing due to reduced NK cell cytotoxicity or increased target cell resistance results in defective detachment and prolonged contact times. This effect leads to sustained Ca2+ flux in NK cells and the hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Linking defective cytotoxicity with enhanced cytokine secretion via reduced detachment may explain inflammatory pathologies in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Anft
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Netter
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Doris Urlaub
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Isabel Prager
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Samantha Schaffner
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carsten Watzl
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
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38
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Prager I, Watzl C. Mechanisms of natural killer cell-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1319-1329. [PMID: 31107565 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0718-269r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cytotoxicity, the ability to kill other cells, is an important effector mechanism of the immune system to combat viral infections and cancer. Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are the major mediators of this activity. Here, we summarize the cytotoxic mechanisms of NK cells. NK cells can kill virally infected of transformed cells via the directed release of lytic granules or by inducing death receptor-mediated apoptosis via the expression of Fas ligand or TRAIL. The biogenesis of perforin and granzymes, the major components of lytic granules, is a highly regulated process to prevent damage during the synthesis of these cytotoxic molecules. Additionally, NK cells have developed several strategies to protect themselves from the cytotoxic activity of granular content upon degranulation. While granule-mediated apoptosis is a fast process, death receptor-mediated cytotoxicity requires more time. Current data suggest that these 2 cytotoxic mechanisms are regulated during the serial killing activity of NK cells. As many modern approaches of cancer immunotherapy rely on cellular cytotoxicity for their effectiveness, unraveling these pathways will be important to further progress these therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Prager
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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39
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de Charette M, Houot R. Hide or defend, the two strategies of lymphoma immune evasion: potential implications for immunotherapy. Haematologica 2018; 103:1256-1268. [PMID: 30006449 PMCID: PMC6068015 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.184192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evading immune eradication is a prerequisite for neoplastic progression and one of the hallmarks of cancer. Here, we review the different immune escape strategies of lymphoma and classify them into two main mechanisms. First, lymphoma cells may “hide” to become invisible to the immune system. This can be achieved by losing or downregulating MHC and/or molecules involved in antigen presentation (including antigen processing machinery and adhesion molecules), thereby preventing their recognition by the immune system. Second, lymphoma cells may “defend” themselves to become resistant to immune eradication. This can be achieved in several ways: by becoming resistant to apoptosis, by expressing inhibitory ligands that deactivate immune cells and/or by inducing an immunosuppressive (humoral and cellular) microenvironment. These immune escape mechanisms may have therapeutic implications. Their identification may be used to guide “personalized immunotherapy” for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes, Service Hématologie Clinique, F-35033, France .,INSERM, U1236, F-35043, France
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40
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Munguía-Moreno JA, Díaz-Chavéz J, García-Villa E, Albino-Sanchez ME, Mendoza-Villanueva D, Ocadiz-Delgado R, Bonilla-Delgado J, Marín-Flores A, Cortés-Malagón EM, Alvarez-Rios E, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Üren A, Çelik H, Lambert PF, Gariglio P. Early synergistic interactions between the HPV16‑E7 oncoprotein and 17β-oestradiol for repressing the expression of Granzyme B in a cervical cancer model. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:579-591. [PMID: 29901186 PMCID: PMC6017153 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high-risk human papillomavirus (HR‑HPV) infection has a prominent role in the aetiology of cervical cancer (CC), sex steroid hormones may also be involved in this process; however, the cooperation between oestrogen and HR‑HPV in the early stages of cervical carcinogenesis is poorly understood. Since 17β-oestradiol (E2) and the HPV type 16‑E7 oncoprotein induce CC in transgenic mice, a microarray analysis was performed in the present study to generate global gene expression profiles from 2‑month‑old FVB (non‑transgenic) and K14E7 (transgenic) mice who were left untreated or were treated for 1 month with E2. Upregulation of cancer-related genes that have not been previously reported in the context of CC, including glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3, interleukin 1 receptor type II, natriuretic peptide type C, MGAT4 family member C, lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase) and glucoside xylosyltransferase 2, was observed. Notably, upregulation of the serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor clade B member 9 gene and downregulation of the Granzyme gene family were observed; the repression of the Granzyme B pathway may be a novel mechanism of immune evasion by cancer cells. The present results provide the basis for further studies on early biomarkers of CC risk and synergistic interactions between HR‑HPV and oestrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Antonio Munguía-Moreno
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - José Díaz-Chavéz
- Biomedical Unit for Cancer Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico/National Institute of Cancer, México City 14080, México
| | - Enrique García-Villa
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - M Estela Albino-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - Daniel Mendoza-Villanueva
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signalling, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Research Unit of Genetics and Cancer, Juárez Hospital, México City 07760, México
| | - Armando Marín-Flores
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | | | - Elizabeth Alvarez-Rios
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Department of Oncogenomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, México City 14610, México, México
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Centre, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Haydar Çelik
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Centre, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
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41
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van der Burgh R, Meeldijk J, Jongeneel L, Frenkel J, Bovenschen N, van Gijn M, Boes M. Reduced serpinB9-mediated caspase-1 inhibition can contribute to autoinflammatory disease. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19265-71. [PMID: 26992230 PMCID: PMC4991381 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients who suffer from autoinflammatory disease (AID) exhibit seemingly uncontrolled release of interleukin (IL)-1β. The presence of this inflammatory cytokine triggers immune activation in absence of pathogens and foreign material. The mechanisms that contribute to ‘sterile inflammation’ episodes in AID patients are not fully understood, although for some AIDs underlying genetic causes have been identified. We show that the serine protease inhibitor B9 (serpinB9) regulates IL-1β release in human monocytes. SerpinB9 function is more commonly known for its role in control of granzyme B. SerpinB9 however also serves to restrain IL-1β maturation through caspase-1 inhibition. We here describe an autoinflammatory disease-associated serpinB9 (c.985G>T, A329S) variant, which we discovered in a patient with unknown AID. Using patient cells and serpinB9 overexpressing monocytic cells, we show the A329S variant of serpinB9 exhibits unobstructed granzyme B inhibition, but compromised caspase-1 inhibition. SerpinB9 gene variants might contribute to AID development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert van der Burgh
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, EA, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Meeldijk
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, CX, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lieneke Jongeneel
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, EA, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost Frenkel
- Department of General Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, EA, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, CX, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle van Gijn
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, EA, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, EA, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
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42
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Kuo LC, Cheng LC, Lee CH, Lin CJ, Chen PY, Li LA. Estrogen and cigarette sidestream smoke particulate matter exhibit ERα-dependent tumor-promoting effects in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L477-L490. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00322.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen and secondhand smoke are key risk factors for nonsmoking female lung cancer patients who frequently have lung adenocarcinoma and show tumor estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression. We speculated that estrogen and secondhand smoke might cause harmful effects via ERα signaling. Our results showed that 17β-estradiol (E2), the primary form of endogenous estrogen, exacerbated proliferation, migration, and granzyme B resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells in an ERα-dependent manner. Cigarette sidestream smoke particulate matter (CSSP), the major component of secondhand smoke, could activate ERα activity dose dependently in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The estrogenic activity of CSSP was abolished by an ERα-selective antagonist. CSSP regulated the nuclear entry, phosphorylation, and turnover of ERα similarly to E2. Furthermore, CSSP enhanced E2-stimulated ERα activity and Ser118 phosphorylation even when ERα became saturated with E2. Activation of ERα by CSSP required GSK3β activity, but not involving polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reactive oxygen species, calcium, epidermal growth factor receptor, and PI3K/Akt. Although CSSP possessed cytotoxicity, ERα-expressing cells grew and migrated faster than nonexpressing cells on recovery from CSSP exposure as observed in E2-pretreated cells. Knockdown of ERα by siRNA diminished E2- and CSSP-stimulated cell migration. Twenty-one genes, including SERPINB9, were identified to be upregulated by both E2 and CSSP via ERα. Increased SERPINB9 expression was accompanied with increased resistance to granzyme B-mediated apoptosis. This study demonstrates that estrogen has ERα-dependent tumor-promoting activity. CSSP acts like estrogen and shows a potential to enhance estrogen-induced ERα action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Cheng Kuo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Li-Chuan Cheng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Lih-Ann Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
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43
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Mangan MS, Melo-Silva CR, Luu J, Bird CH, Koskinen A, Rizzitelli A, Prakash M, Scarff KL, Müllbacher A, Regner M, Bird PI. A pro-survival role for the intracellular granzyme B inhibitor Serpinb9 in natural killer cells during poxvirus infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:884-894. [PMID: 28722018 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular serpins are proposed to inactivate proteases released from lysosome-related organelles into the host cell interior, preventing cell death. Serpinb9 opposes the immune cytotoxic protease, granzyme B, and in a number of settings protects cells against granzyme B-mediated cell death. Using a knockout mouse line engineered to express green fluorescent protein under the serpbinb9 promoter, we demonstrate that serpinb9 is vital for host survival during Ectromelia virus infection by maintaining both mature natural killer NK) cells, and activated CD8+ T cells. Serpinb9 expression parallels granzyme B expression within both populations during infection. Maturing serpinb9-null NK cells exhibit higher levels of granzyme B-mediated apoptosis during infection; hence there are fewer mature NK cells, and these cells also have lower cytotoxic potential. Thus the serpinb9-granzyme B axis is important for homeostasis of both major cytotoxic effector cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Mangan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolina R Melo-Silva
- Department of Emerging Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School for Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jennii Luu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherina H Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aulikki Koskinen
- Department of Emerging Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School for Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alexandra Rizzitelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina L Scarff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arno Müllbacher
- Department of Emerging Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School for Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthias Regner
- Department of Emerging Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School for Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Phillip I Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Fenjves ES, Ochoa MS, Gay-Rabinstein C, Ricordi C, Curran MA. Retrovirally Transferred Genes Inhibit Apoptosis in an Insulin-Secreting Cell Line: Implications for Islet Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017; 13:489-96. [PMID: 15565861 DOI: 10.3727/000000004783983710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of pancreatic islets for the treatment of type I diabetes is hindered by the enormous loss of cells due to early apoptotic events. Genetic engineering of islets with cytoprotective genes is an important strategy aimed to enhance the survival of these cells in the transplant setting. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the effects of five genes on a cell line derived from insulin-producing β-cells, NIT-1. Cells were transduced using a Maloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) vector coding for yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and for one of the following antiapoptotic genes: cFLIP, FADD-DN, BcL-2, PI-9, and ICAM-2. These genes were able to protect NIT-1 cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis to varying degrees ranging from no protection to significant protection equivalent to an optimal dose of a chemical caspase inhibitor. The data demonstrate that cFLIP, FADD-DN, and PI-9 are significantly more effective in protecting NIT-1 cells than BcL-2 and ICAM-2. Additionally, the data show that despite its weak in vitro inhibition of caspase-3, PI-9 affords significant protection against TNF-α-induced apoptosis in these cells. These genes may be ideal candidates to augment islet survival following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Fenjves
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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45
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Mahmoud F, Shields B, Makhoul I, Avaritt N, Wong HK, Hutchins LF, Shalin S, Tackett AJ. Immune surveillance in melanoma: From immune attack to melanoma escape and even counterattack. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:451-469. [PMID: 28513269 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1323596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and the programmed death receptor-1 (PD1) has resulted in unprecedented durable responses in metastatic melanoma. However, resistance to immunotherapy remains a major challenge. Effective immune surveillance against melanoma requires 4 essential steps: activation of the T lymphocytes, homing of the activated T lymphocytes to the melanoma microenvironment, identification and episode of melanoma cells by activated T lymphocytes, and the sensitivity of melanoma cells to apoptosis. At each of these steps, there are multiple factors that may interfere with the immune surveillance machinery, thus allowing melanoma cells to escape immune attack and develop resistance to immunotherapy. We provide a comprehensive review of the complex immune surveillance mechanisms at play in melanoma, and a detailed discussion of how these mechanisms may allow for the development of intrinsic or acquired resistance to immunotherapeutic modalities, and potential avenues for overcoming this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fade Mahmoud
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Bradley Shields
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Issam Makhoul
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Nathan Avaritt
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Henry K Wong
- c Department of Dermatology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Laura F Hutchins
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Sara Shalin
- d Departments of Pathology and Dermatology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Alan J Tackett
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
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46
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Li Z, Zhuang X, Zeng J, Tzeng CM. Integrated Analysis of DNA Methylation and mRNA Expression Profiles to Identify Key Genes in Severe Oligozoospermia. Front Physiol 2017; 8:261. [PMID: 28553232 PMCID: PMC5427114 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe oligozoospermia (SO) is a complex disorder, whose etiology is the combined effect of genetic factors and epigenetic conditions. In this study, we examined DNA methylation and mRNA expression status in a set of testicular tissues of SO patients (n = 3), and compared methylated data with those derived from obstructive azoospermia (OA) patients (n = 3) with normal spermatogenesis phenotype. We identified 1,960 differentially methylated CpG sites showing significant alterations in SO vs. OA using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 bead array. By integrating above DNA methylation data and mRNA expression results, we totally identified 72 methylated CpG sites located in 65 genes with anti-correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression. Integrated pathways analysis indicates that these genes are involved in response to hormone stimulus, activation of protein kinase activity, and apoptotic process, among others. We also observed some genes with inversely correlated difference is novel in male infertility field, including PTPRN2, EPHX1, SERPINB9, SLIT3, etc. Our results lay a groundwork for further biological study of SO. Moreover, we generated a workflow for integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression, which is expandable to other study types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen China.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Xuan Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Jinxiong Zeng
- ChinaCredit Andrology Medical Co., Ltd.Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China.,INNOVA Cell Theranostics/Clinics and TRANSLA Health GroupYangzhou, China
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47
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IL-21 May Promote Granzyme B-Dependent NK/Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Functional Interaction in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1493-1500. [PMID: 28344062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune skin lesions are characterized by a complex cytokine milieu and by the accumulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Granzyme B (GrB) transcript is abundant in activated pDCs, though its mechanisms of regulation and biological role are largely unknown. Here we report that IL-21 was the only T helper 1/T helper 17 cytokine able to induce the expression and secretion of GrB by pDCs and that this action was counteracted by the autocrine production of type I IFNs. In lupus erythematosus skin lesions, the percentage of GrB+ pDCs directly correlated with the IL-21/MxA ratio, indicating that the interplay between these two cytokines finely tunes the levels of pDC-dependent GrB also in vivo. In lupus erythematosus, pDCs colocalized with professional cytotoxic cells at sites of epithelial damage, suggesting a role in keratinocyte killing. Accordingly, we demonstrate that supernatants of IL-21-activated pDCs promoted autologous keratinocyte killing by natural killer cells and this action was dependent on GrB. These results propose a GrB-dependent functional interaction between pDCs and natural killer cells and highlight a negative feedback regulation by type I IFNs in vitro and in vivo that may function to limit excessive tissue damage.
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48
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Serpinb9 is a marker of antigen cross-presenting dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 82:50-56. [PMID: 28024184 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Serpinb9 (Sb9, also called Spi6) is an intracellular inhibitor of granzyme B (grB) that protects cytotoxic lymphocytes from grB-mediated death. In addition, Sb9 is also expressed in accessory immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), although its role is debated. Recently, we have demonstrated that Sb9 plays a grB-independent role in cross-presentation of antigens by CD8+ DCs. Here, using a mouse line expressing green fluorescent protein knocked in under the control of the Sb9 promoter, we demonstrate that Sb9 expression is highest in those tissue-resident and migratory DC subsets capable of cross-presentation. Further, we show that CD8+ DCs can be divided into two subsets based on Sb9 expression, and that only the subset expressing higher levels of Sb9 is capable of cross-presentation. These findings add support for role for Sb9 cross-presentation, and indicate that high Sb9 expression is a novel marker of cross-presentation capable DCs.
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49
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The hidden side of SERPINB1/Leukocyte Elastase Inhibitor. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:178-186. [PMID: 27422329 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SERPINB1, also called Leukocyte Elastase Inhibitor (LEI) is a member of the clade B of SERPINS. It is an intracellular protein and acts primarily to protect the cell from proteases released into the cytoplasm during stress. Its role in inflammation is clear due to its involvement in the resolution of chronic inflammatory lung and bowel diseases. LEI/SERPINB1 intrinsically possesses two enzymatic activities: an antiprotease activity dependent on its reactive site loop, which is analogous to the other proteins of the family and an endonuclease activity which is unveiled by the cleavage of the reactive site loop. The conformational change induced by this cleavage also unveils a bipartite nuclear localization signal allowing the protein to translocate to the nucleus. Recent data indicate that it has also a role in cell migration suggesting that it could be involved in diverse processes like wound healing and malignant metastases.
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50
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van Kempen PMW, Noorlag R, Swartz JE, Bovenschen N, Braunius WW, Vermeulen JF, Van Cann EM, Grolman W, Willems SM. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas differentially express granzyme inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:575-85. [PMID: 26993499 PMCID: PMC4840222 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) have an improved prognosis compared to HPV-negative OPSCCs. Several theories have been proposed to explain this relatively good prognosis. One hypothesis is a difference in immune response. In this study, we compared tumor-infiltrating CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-cells, and granzyme inhibitors (SERPINB1, SERPINB4, and SERPINB9) between HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors and the relation with survival. Methods Protein expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (CD3, CD4, and CD8) and granzyme inhibitors was analyzed in 262 OPSCCs by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Most patients (67 %) received primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Cox regression analysis was carried out to compare overall survival (OS) of patients with low and high TIL infiltration and expression of granzyme inhibitors. Results HPV-positive OPSCCs were significantly more heavily infiltrated by TILs (p < 0.001) compared to HPV-negative OPSCCs. A high level of CD3+ TILs was correlated with a favorable outcome in the total cohort and in HPV-positive OPSCCs, while it reached no significance in HPV-negative OPSCCs. There was expression of all three granzyme inhibitors in OPSCCs. No differences in expression were found between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCCs. Within the group of HPV-positive tumors, a high expression of SERPINB1 was associated with a significantly worse overall survival. Conclusion HPV-positive OPSCCs with a low count of CD3+ TILs or high expression of SERPINB1 have a worse OS, comparable with HPV-negative OPSCCs. This suggests that the immune system plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of the virally induced oropharynx tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M W van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob Noorlag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Justin E Swartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Weibel W Braunius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F Vermeulen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M Van Cann
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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