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Niu M, Whang H, Wu Z, Jiang S, Chen L. Deletion of Asb15b gene can lead to a significant decrease in zebrafish intermuscular bone. Gene 2024; 923:148561. [PMID: 38754570 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Intermuscular bones, which are present in numerous economically significant fish species, have a negative impact on the development of aquaculture. The Asb15b gene, primarily expressed in skeletal muscle, plays a crucial role in regulating protein turnover and the development of muscle fibers. It stimulates protein synthesis and controls the differentiation of muscle fibers. In this study, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate homozygous zebrafish strains with 7 bp and 49 bp deletions in the Asb15b gene. Subsequent analyses using skeleton staining demonstrated a substantial reduction in the number of intermuscular bones in adult Asb15b-/- -7 bp and Asb15b-/- -49 bp mutants compared to the wild-type zebrafish, with decreases of 30 % (P < 0.001) and 40 % (P < 0.0001), respectively. Histological experiments further revealed that the diameter and number of muscle fibers in adult Asb15b-/- mutants did not exhibit significant changes when compared to wild-type zebrafish. Moreover, qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated significant differences in the expression of bmp6 and runx2b genes, which are key regulators of intermuscular bone development, during different stages of intermuscular bone development in Asb15b-/- mutants. This study strongly suggests that the Asb15b gene plays a crucial role in regulating intermuscular bone development in fish and lays the groundwork for further exploration of the role of the Asb15b gene in zebrafish intermuscular bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Niu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huamin Whang
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shouwen Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Yang Y, Jiang S, Nie M, Jiang Y, Li M, Xia W, Xing X, Wang O, Pan H. Novel 4.18 Mb deletion resulting in 2q37 microdeletion syndrome combined with PTH resistance found in one Chinese patient. Endocrine 2024; 85:331-340. [PMID: 38393510 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2q37 microdeletion syndrome is a rare clinical condition characterized by a series of physical abnormalities. Its Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO)-like manifestations and possible complication of biochemical abnormalities indicating PTH resistance greatly increased the likelihood of misdiagnosis with classic pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) caused by GNAS mutation or methylation alteration, even though there have only been six reports of such clinical occasions. PURPOSE to investigate the underlying genetic defect in a male patient presenting hypocalcemia, elevated PTH and with a history of kyphosis. METHOD clinical information was collected, while the DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and subjected to methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) and exome sequencing. RESULT Physical characteristics featuring short stature, obesity, round face, short neck, and shortened 4th metacarpal and laboratory examination of the patient suggested the presence of PTH resistance, which is indicative of PHP. MS-MLPA did not reveal methylation alterations or deletions of GNAS, STX16 or other monogenetic alterations responsible for iPPSDs, but WES revealed a long-range deletion of approximately 4.18 Mb of the 2q37 region that spanned AGAP1 to NDUFA10, indicating that the patient had 2q37 microdeletion syndrome with PTH resistance. CONCLUSION After undergoing MS-MLPA and exome sequencing, a novel deletion spanning 4.18 Mb on the 2q37 region was identified in one male patient, clarifying the diagnosis of 2q37 microdeletion syndrome with PTH resistance. The new genetic discovery added to our understanding of the molecular defects that cause inactivating PTH/PTH-related protein signaling disorders (iPPSDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Molecular Characterization, Expression Profile, and A 21-bp Indel within the ASB9 Gene and Its Associations with Chicken Production Traits. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020339. [PMID: 36833266 PMCID: PMC9957280 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have shown that members of the ankyrin repeat and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box-containing protein (ASB) family are extensively involved in biological processes such as cell growth, tissue development, insulin signaling, ubiquitination, protein degradation, and skeletal muscle membrane protein formation, while the specific biological role of ankyrin-repeat and SOCS box protein 9 (ASB9) remains unclear. In this study, a 21 bp indel in the intron of ASB9 was identified for the first time in 2641 individuals from 11 different breeds and an F2 resource population, and differences were observed among individuals with different genotypes (II, ID, and DD). An association study of a cross-designed F2 resource population revealed that the 21-bp indel was significantly related to growth and carcass traits. The significantly associated growth traits were body weight (BW) at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks of age; sternal length (SL) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age; body slope length (BSL) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age; shank girth (SG) at 4 and 12 weeks of age; tibia length (TL) at 12 weeks of age; and pelvic width (PW) at 4 weeks of age (p < 0.05). This indel was also significantly correlated with carcass traits including semievisceration weight (SEW), evisceration weight (EW), claw weight (CLW), breast muscle weight (BMW), leg weight (LeW), leg muscle weight (LMW), claw rate (CLR), and shedding weight (ShW) (p < 0.05). In commercial broilers, the II genotype was the dominant genotype and underwent extensive selection. Interestingly, the ASB9 gene was expressed at significantly higher levels in the leg muscles of Arbor Acres broilers than those of Lushi chickens, while the opposite was true for the breast muscles. In summary, the 21-bp indel in the ASB9 gene significantly influenced the expression of the ASB9 gene in muscle tissue and was associated with multiple growth and carcass traits in the F2 resource population. These findings suggested that the 21-bp indel within the ASB9 gene could be used in marker-assisted selection breeding for traits related to chicken growth.
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Wu Y, Zhang R, Shen C, Xu J, Wu T, Huang X, Liu M, Li H, Xu D, Zheng B. Testis-enriched Asb15 is not required for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:6978-6990. [PMID: 36398235 PMCID: PMC9641487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of Asb15, which encodes an ASB protein with ankyrin (ANK) repeats and a C-terminal suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box motif, in male germ cells is poorly understood. Because expression of Asb15 is enriched in mouse testis, it may have a role in spermatogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system to analyze sperm from Asb15 gene knockout (KO) mice that we generated using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technique. Histological staining and immunostaining were used to evaluate spermatogenesis in Asb15-KO mice. Asb15-KO and wild-type mice showed no differences in histology or in semen quality, fertility, or sperm apoptosis. Asb15- and Asb17-double KO (dKO) mice were generated to determine whether Asb17 compensated for the loss of Asb15. However, Asb15/17-dKO mice also showed normal fertility, except for an increase in giant cells in testicular tubules, suggesting a minor functional compensation between the two genes during spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that Asb15 was individually not required for spermatogenesis or for fertility in mice. However, further investigation might be needed to reach a firm conclusion. These findings can prevent redundant research by other scientists and provides new information for further studies on the genetics of fertility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dewu Xu
- Teaching Affairs Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University)Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
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Coupled protein synthesis and ribosome-guided piRNA processing on mRNAs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5970. [PMID: 34645830 PMCID: PMC8514520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) protect the germline genome and are essential for fertility. piRNAs originate from transposable element (TE) RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, or 3´ untranslated regions (3´UTRs) of protein-coding messenger genes, with the last being the least characterized of the three piRNA classes. Here, we demonstrate that the precursors of 3´UTR piRNAs are full-length mRNAs and that post-termination 80S ribosomes guide piRNA production on 3´UTRs in mice and chickens. At the pachytene stage, when other co-translational RNA surveillance pathways are sequestered, piRNA biogenesis degrades mRNAs right after pioneer rounds of translation and fine-tunes protein production from mRNAs. Although 3´UTR piRNA precursor mRNAs code for distinct proteins in mice and chickens, they all harbor embedded TEs and produce piRNAs that cleave TEs. Altogether, we discover a function of the piRNA pathway in fine-tuning protein production and reveal a conserved piRNA biogenesis mechanism that recognizes translating RNAs in amniotes.
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Nosratpour S, Ndiaye K. Ankyrin-repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 9 (ASB9) regulates ovarian granulosa cells function and MAPK signaling. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:830-843. [PMID: 34476862 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ankyrin-repeat and SOCS box-containing proteins (ASB) interact with the elongin B-C adapter via their SOCS box domain and with the cullin and ring box proteins to form E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes within the protein ubiquitination pathway. ASB9 in particular is a differentially expressed gene in ovulatory follicles (OFs) induced by the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge or hCG injection in ovarian granulosa cells (GC) while downregulated in growing dominant follicles. Although ASB9 has been involved in biological processes such as protein modification, the signaling network associated with ASB9 in GC is yet to be fully defined. We previously identified and reported ASB9 interactions and binding partners in GC including PAR1, TAOK1, and TNFAIP6/TSG6. Here, we further investigate ASB9 effects on target binding partners regulation and signaling in GC. CRISPR/Cas9-induced inhibition of ASB9 revealed that ASB9 regulates PAR1, TAOK1, TNFAIP6 as well as genes associated with proliferation and cell cycle progression such as PCNA, CCND2, and CCNE2 while CCNA2 was not affected. Inhibition of ASB9 was also associated with increased GC number and decreased caspase3/7 activity, CASP3 expression, and BAX/BCL2 ratio. Furthermore, ASB9 induction in OF in vivo 24 h post-hCG is concomitant with a significant decrease in phosphorylation levels of MAPK3/1 while pMAPK3/1 levels increased following ASB9 inhibition in GC in vitro. Together, these results provide strong evidence for ASB9 as a regulator of GC activity and function by modulating MAPK signaling likely through specific binding partners such as PAR1, therefore controlling GC proliferation and contributing to GC differentiation into luteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Nosratpour
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité (CRRF), Veterinary Biomedicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kalidou Ndiaye
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité (CRRF), Veterinary Biomedicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Hui T, Jing H, Lai X. Neuromuscular junction-specific genes screening by deep RNA-seq analysis. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:81. [PMID: 33933147 PMCID: PMC8088568 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are chemical synapses formed between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers and are essential for controlling muscle contraction. NMJ dysfunction causes motor disorders, muscle wasting, and even breathing difficulties. Increasing evidence suggests that many NMJ disorders are closely related to alterations in specific gene products that are highly concentrated in the synaptic region of the muscle. However, many of these proteins are still undiscovered. Thus, screening for NMJ-specific proteins is essential for studying NMJ and the pathogenesis of NMJ diseases. Results In this study, synaptic regions (SRs) and nonsynaptic regions (NSRs) of diaphragm samples from newborn (P0) and adult (3-month-old) mice were used for RNA-seq. A total of 92 and 182 genes were identified as differentially expressed between the SR and NSR in newborn and adult mice, respectively. Meanwhile, a total of 1563 genes were identified as differentially expressed between the newborn SR and adult SR. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the DEGs were performed. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape. Further analysis identified some novel proteins and pathways that may be important for NMJ development, maintenance and maturation. Specifically, Sv2b, Ptgir, Gabrb3, P2rx3, Dlgap1 and Rims1 may play roles in NMJ development. Hcn1 may localize to the muscle membrane to regulate NMJ maintenance. Trim63, Fbxo32 and several Asb family proteins may regulate muscle developmental-related processes. Conclusion Here, we present a complete dataset describing the spatiotemporal transcriptome changes in synaptic genes and important synaptic pathways. The neuronal projection-related pathway, ion channel activity and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway are important for NMJ development. The myelination and voltage-gated ion channel activity pathway may be important for NMJ maintenance. These data will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of NMJ and the pathogenesis of NMJ disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankun Hui
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Laboratory of Synaptic Development and Plasticity, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongyang Jing
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Laboratory of Synaptic Development and Plasticity, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinsheng Lai
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. .,Laboratory of Synaptic Development and Plasticity, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Zhao Y, Xiong X, Sun Y. Cullin-RING Ligase 5: Functional characterization and its role in human cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:61-79. [PMID: 32334051 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cullin-RING ligase 5 (CRL5) is a multi-protein complex and consists of a scaffold protien cullin 5, a RING protein RBX2 (also known as ROC2 or SAG), adaptor proteins Elongin B/C, and a substrate receptor protein SOCS. Through targeting a variety of substrates for proteasomal degradation or modulating various protein-protein interactions, CRL5 is involved in regulation of many biological processes, such as cytokine signal transduction, inflammation, viral infection, and oncogenesis. As many substrates of CRL5 are well-known oncoproteins or tumor suppressors, abnormal regulation of CRL5 is commonly found in human cancers. In this review, we first briefly introduce each of CRL5 components, and then discuss the biological processes regulated by four members of SOCS-box-containing substrate receptor family through substrate degradation. We next describe how CRL5 is hijacked by a variety of viral proteins to degrade host anti-viral proteins, which facilitates virus infection. We further discuss the regulation of CUL5 and its various roles in human cancers, acting as either a tumor suppressor or an oncoprotein in a context-dependent manner. Finally, we propose novel insights for future perspectives on the validation of cullin5 and other CRL5 components as potential targets, and possible targeting strategies to discover CRL5 inhibitors for anti-cancer and anti-virus therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Zhang S, Sun Y. Cullin RING Ligase 5 (CRL-5): Neddylation Activation and Biological Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:261-283. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Gonadotropin regulation of ankyrin-repeat and SOCS-box protein 9 (ASB9) in ovarian follicles and identification of binding partners. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212571. [PMID: 30811458 PMCID: PMC6392328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin-repeat and SOCS-box protein 9 (ASB9) is a member of the large SOCS-box containing proteins family and acts as the specific substrate recognition component of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the process of ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. We previously identified ASB9 as a differentially expressed gene in granulosa cells (GC) of bovine ovulatory follicles. This study aimed to further investigate ASB9 mRNA and protein regulation, identify binding partners in GC of bovine ovulatory follicles, and study its function. GC were obtained from small follicles (SF: 2–4 mm), dominant follicles at day 5 of the estrous cycle (DF), and ovulatory follicles, 24 hours following hCG injection (OF). Analyses by RT-PCR showed a 104-fold greater expression of ASB9 in GC of OF than in DF. Steady-state levels of ASB9 in follicular walls (granulosa and theca cells) analyzed at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after hCG injection showed a significant induction of ASB9 expression at 12 and 18 hours, reaching a maximum induction of 10.2-fold at 24 hours post-hCG as compared to 0 hour. These results were confirmed in western blot analysis showing strongest ASB9 protein amounts in OF. Yeast two-hybrid screening of OF-cDNAs library resulted in the identification of 10 potential ASB9 binding partners in GC but no interaction was found between ASB9 and creatine kinase B (CKB) in these GC. Functional studies using CRISPR-Cas9 approach revealed that ASB9 inhibition led to increased GC proliferation and modulation of target genes expression. Overall, these results support a physiologically relevant role of ASB9 in the ovulatory follicle by targeting specific proteins likely for degradation, contributing to reduced GC proliferation, and could be involved in the final GC differentiation into luteal cells.
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Ortega A, Tarazón E, Gil-Cayuela C, Martínez-Dolz L, Lago F, González-Juanatey JR, Sandoval J, Portolés M, Roselló-Lletí E, Rivera M. ASB1 differential methylation in ischaemic cardiomyopathy: relationship with left ventricular performance in end-stage heart failure patients. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:732-737. [PMID: 29667349 PMCID: PMC6073036 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) leads to impaired contraction and ventricular dysfunction, causing high rates of morbidity and mortality. Epigenomics allows the identification of epigenetic signatures in human diseases. We analyse the differential epigenetic patterns of the ASB gene family in ICM patients and relate these alterations to their haemodynamic and functional status. Methods and results Epigenomic analysis was carried out using 16 left ventricular (LV) tissue samples, eight from ICM patients undergoing heart transplantation and eight from control (CNT) subjects without cardiac disease. We increased the sample size up to 13 ICM and 10 CNT for RNA sequencing and to 14 ICM for pyrosequencing analyses. We found a hypermethylated profile (cg11189868) in the ASB1 gene that showed a differential methylation of 0.26Δβ (P = 0.016). This result was validated by a pyrosequencing technique (0.23Δβ, P = 0.048). Notably, the methylation pattern was strongly related to LV ejection fraction (r = −0.849, P = 0.008), stroke volume (r = −0.929, P = 0.001), and end‐systolic and diastolic LV diameters (r = −0.743, P = 0.035 for both). ASB1 showed a down‐regulation in messenger RNA levels (−1.2‐fold, P = 0.039). Conclusions Our findings link a specific ASB1 methylation pattern to LV structure and performance in end‐stage ICM, opening new therapeutic opportunities and providing new insights regarding which is the functionally relevant genome in the ischaemic failing myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortega
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Gil-Cayuela
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Dolz
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Biomedical Research, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Biomedical Research, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Epigenomic Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Rivera
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
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Wang YC, Li ZJ, Han RL, Xu CL, Wang SH, Sun GR, Wang SH, Wu JP, Kang XT. Promoter analysis and tissue expression of the chicken ASB15 gene. Br Poult Sci 2016; 58:26-31. [PMID: 27844487 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1236363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. This study was conducted to explore the promoter region of the chicken ASB15 gene by detecting the activities of the dual luciferase reporter gene and to assess expression profiles of the ASB15 gene in 10 different tissues from Gushi chickens. 2. Five dual luciferase reporter gene vectors were constructed and transfected into DF1 cells. The activities of recombined plasmids were measured and the core promoter was confirmed by bioinformatic analysis. Total RNA was extracted and the relative expression of the ASB15 gene was examined. 3. Data analysis indicated that the promoter was located from -955 to -212 bp. Results showed that the chicken ASB15 gene was expressed in heart, breast muscle and leg muscle. 4. This study has confirmed the promoter region and the expression profile of the chicken ASB15 gene, which provides a foundation for further exploring its transcriptional regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Wang
- b Department of Animal Science , College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou , P. R. China
| | - Z J Li
- a Department of Animal Science , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - R L Han
- a Department of Animal Science , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - C L Xu
- a Department of Animal Science , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - S H Wang
- a Department of Animal Science , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - G R Sun
- a Department of Animal Science , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - S H Wang
- a Department of Animal Science , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - J P Wu
- b Department of Animal Science , College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou , P. R. China
| | - X T Kang
- a Department of Animal Science , College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
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Wang YC, Han RL, Li ZJ, Geng J, Tian YD, Jiang RR, Wu JP, Kang XT. Polymorphisms of Flanking Region of the ASB15 Gene and Their Associations with Performance Traits in Chicken. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 28:53-60. [PMID: 27736301 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1200986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on the identity of genes and their relationship with traits of economic importance in chickens could assist in the selection of poultry. In this study, an F2 resource population of Gushi chickens crossed with Anka broilers was used to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the flanking region of the ASB15 gene by DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). One SNP of -1271 C>T in 5' flanking region of the chicken ASB15 gene and two SNPs of the 10618 A>G and 10716 G>A in 3' flanking region were identified. Furthermore, the 10618 A>G and 10716 G>A in 3' flanking region were in complete linkage. Association analysis results showed that -1271 C>T was not associated with performance traits, while the 10618 A>G and 10716 G>A were significantly associated with BW2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, SL12, CD8, CW4, 8, 12, BSL4, 8, 12, and SEW, EW, WW, BMW, LW, CW, SFT. Our results suggest that the ASB15 gene profoundly affects chicken performance traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China.,b College of Animal Science and Technology , Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou , P. R. China
| | - R L Han
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Z J Li
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - J Geng
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Y D Tian
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - R R Jiang
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - J P Wu
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou , P. R. China
| | - X T Kang
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
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Keller KE, Wirtz MK. Working your SOCS off: The role of ASB10 and protein degradation pathways in glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2016; 158:154-160. [PMID: 27296073 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating to suggest that mutations in the Ankyrin and SOCS Box-containing protein-10 (ASB10) gene are associated with glaucoma. Since its identification in a large Oregon family with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), ASB10 variants have been associated with disease in US, German and Pakistani cohorts. ASB10 is a member of the ASB family of proteins, which have a common structure including a unique N-terminus, a variable number of central ankyrin (ANK) repeat domains and a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box at the C-terminus. Mutations in ASB10 are distributed throughout the entire length of the gene including the two alternatively spliced variants of exon 1. A homozygous mutation in a Pakistani individual with POAG, which lies in the center of the SOCS box, is associated with a particularly severe form of the disease. Like other SOCS box-containing proteins, ASB10 functions in ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathways. The ANK repeats bind to proteins destined for degradation. The SOCS box recruits ubiquitin ligase proteins to form a complex to transfer ubiquitin to a substrate bound to the ANK repeats. The ubiquitin-tagged protein then enters either the proteasomal degradation pathway or the autophagic-lysosomal pathway. The choice of pathway appears to be dependent on which lysine residues are used to build polyubiquitin chains. However, these reciprocal pathways work in tandem to degrade proteins because inhibition of one pathway increases degradation via the other pathway. In this publication, we will review the literature that supports identification of ASB10 as a glaucoma-associated gene and the current knowledge of the function of the ASB10 protein. In addition, we present new data that indicates ASB10 expression is up-regulated by the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1α. Finally, we will describe the emerging role of other SOCS box-containing proteins in protein degradation pathways in ocular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Keller
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Mary K Wirtz
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Okumura F, Joo-Okumura A, Nakatsukasa K, Kamura T. The role of cullin 5-containing ubiquitin ligases. Cell Div 2016; 11:1. [PMID: 27030794 PMCID: PMC4812663 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-016-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box consists of the BC box and the cullin 5 (Cul5) box, which interact with Elongin BC and Cul5, respectively. SOCS box-containing proteins have ubiquitin ligase activity mediated by the formation of a complex with the scaffold protein Cul5 and the RING domain protein Rbx2, and are thereby members of the cullin RING ligase superfamily. Cul5-type ubiquitin ligases have a variety of substrates that are targeted for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Here, we review the current knowledge on the identification of Cul5 and the regulation of its expression, as well as the signaling pathways regulated by Cul5 and how viruses highjack the Cul5 system to overcome antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Okumura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - Akiko Joo-Okumura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kunio Nakatsukasa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takumi Kamura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
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16
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Chirn GW, Rahman R, Sytnikova YA, Matts JA, Zeng M, Gerlach D, Yu M, Berger B, Naramura M, Kile BT, Lau NC. Conserved piRNA Expression from a Distinct Set of piRNA Cluster Loci in Eutherian Mammals. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005652. [PMID: 26588211 PMCID: PMC4654475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Piwi pathway is deeply conserved amongst animals because one of its essential functions is to repress transposons. However, many Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) do not base-pair to transposons and remain mysterious in their targeting function. The sheer number of piRNA cluster (piC) loci in animal genomes and infrequent piRNA sequence conservation also present challenges in determining which piC loci are most important for development. To address this question, we determined the piRNA expression patterns of piC loci across a wide phylogenetic spectrum of animals, and reveal that most genic and intergenic piC loci evolve rapidly in their capacity to generate piRNAs, regardless of known transposon silencing function. Surprisingly, we also uncovered a distinct set of piC loci with piRNA expression conserved deeply in Eutherian mammals. We name these loci Eutherian-Conserved piRNA cluster (ECpiC) loci. Supporting the hypothesis that conservation of piRNA expression across ~100 million years of Eutherian evolution implies function, we determined that one ECpiC locus generates abundant piRNAs antisense to the STOX1 transcript, a gene clinically associated with preeclampsia. Furthermore, we confirmed reduced piRNAs in existing mouse mutations at ECpiC-Asb1 and -Cbl, which also display spermatogenic defects. The Asb1 mutant testes with strongly reduced Asb1 piRNAs also exhibit up-regulated gene expression profiles. These data indicate ECpiC loci may be specially adapted to support Eutherian reproduction. Animal genomes from flies to humans contain many hundreds of non-coding elements called Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) cluster loci (piC loci). Some of these elements generate piRNAs that direct the silencing of transposable elements, which are pervasive genetic parasites. However, we lack an understanding of the targeting function for the remaining bulk of piRNAs because their loci are not complementarity to transposable elements. In addition, the field does not know if all piC loci are quickly evolving, or if some piC loci might be deeply conserved in piRNA expression, an indication of its potentially functional importance. Our study confirms the highly rapid evolution in piRNA expression capacity for the majority of piC loci in flies and mammals, with many clade- and species-specific piC loci expression patterns. In spite of this, we also discover a cohort of piC loci that are deeply conserved in piRNA expression from the human to the dog, a significantly broad phylogenetic spectrum of eutherian mammals. However, this conservation in piRNA expression ends at non-eutherian mammals like marsupials and monotremes. Existing mutations in two of these Eutherian-Conserved piC (ECpiC) loci impair mouse reproduction and abrogate piRNA production. Therefore, we suggest these ECpiC loci are conserved for piRNA expression due to their important function in eutherian reproduction and stand out as prime candidates for future genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gung-wei Chirn
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Reazur Rahman
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuliya A. Sytnikova
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Matts
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mei Zeng
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel Gerlach
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Yu
- Mathematics Department and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Mathematics Department and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mayumi Naramura
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nelson C. Lau
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Zazueta-Novoa V, Wessel GM. Protein degradation machinery is present broadly during early development in the sea urchin. Gene Expr Patterns 2014; 15:135-41. [PMID: 24963879 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-dependent proteosome-mediated proteolysis is an important pathway of degradation that controls the timed destruction of cellular proteins in all tissues. All intracellular proteins and many extracellular proteins are continually being hydrolyzed to their constituent amino acids as a result of their recognition by E3 ligases for specific targeting of ubiquitination. Gustavus is a member of an ECS-type E3 ligase which interacts with Vasa, a DEAD-box RNA helicase, to regulate its localization during sea urchin embryonic development, and Gustavus mRNA accumulation is highly localized and dynamic during development. We tested if the core complex for Gustavus function was present in the embryo and if other SOCS box proteins also had restricted expression profiles that would inform future research. Expression patterns of the key members of the proteasomal function, such as the E3 core complex which interacts with Gustavus, and other E3-SOCS box proteins, are widely spread and dynamic in early development of the embryo suggesting broad core complex availability in the proteasome degradation pathway and temporal/spatial enrichments of various E3 ligase dependent targeting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Zazueta-Novoa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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18
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Andresen CA, Smedegaard S, Sylvestersen KB, Svensson C, Iglesias-Gato D, Cazzamali G, Nielsen TK, Nielsen ML, Flores-Morales A. Protein interaction screening for the ankyrin repeats and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box (ASB) family identify Asb11 as a novel endoplasmic reticulum resident ubiquitin ligase. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2043-54. [PMID: 24337577 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.534602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ankyrin and SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) box (ASB) family of proteins function as the substrate recognition subunit in a subset of Elongin-Cullin-SOCS (ECS) E3 ubiquitin ligases. Despite counting 18 members in humans, the identity of the physiological targets of the Asb proteins remains largely unexplored. To increase our understanding of the function of ASB proteins, we conducted a family-wide SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture)-based protein/protein interaction analysis. This investigation led to the identification of novel as well as known ASB-associated proteins like Cullin 5 and Elongins B/C. We observed that several proteins can be bound by more than one Asb protein. The additional exploration of this phenomenon demonstrated that ASB-Cullin 5 complexes can oligomerize and provides evidence that Cullin 5 forms heterodimeric complexes with the Cullin 4a-DDB1 complex. We also demonstrated that ASB11 is a novel endoplasmic reticulum-associated ubiquitin ligase with the ability to interact and promote the ubiquitination of Ribophorin 1, an integral protein of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) glycosylation complex. Moreover, expression of ASB11 can increase Ribophorin 1 protein turnover in vivo. In summary, we provide a comprehensive protein/protein interaction data resource that can aid the biological and functional characterization of ASB ubiquitin ligases.
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O'Bryan MK, Clark BJ, McLaughlin EA, D'Sylva RJ, O'Donnell L, Wilce JA, Sutherland J, O'Connor AE, Whittle B, Goodnow CC, Ormandy CJ, Jamsai D. RBM5 is a male germ cell splicing factor and is required for spermatid differentiation and male fertility. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003628. [PMID: 23935508 PMCID: PMC3723494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is common in mammalian cells and enables the production of multiple gene products from a single gene, thus increasing transcriptome and proteome diversity. Disturbance of splicing regulation is associated with many human diseases; however, key splicing factors that control tissue-specific alternative splicing remain largely undefined. In an unbiased genetic screen for essential male fertility genes in the mouse, we identified the RNA binding protein RBM5 (RNA binding motif 5) as an essential regulator of haploid male germ cell pre-mRNA splicing and fertility. Mice carrying a missense mutation (R263P) in the second RNA recognition motif (RRM) of RBM5 exhibited spermatid differentiation arrest, germ cell sloughing and apoptosis, which ultimately led to azoospermia (no sperm in the ejaculate) and male sterility. Molecular modelling suggested that the R263P mutation resulted in compromised mRNA binding. Within the adult mouse testis, RBM5 localises to somatic and germ cells including spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids. Through the use of RNA pull down coupled with microarrays, we identified 11 round spermatid-expressed mRNAs as putative RBM5 targets. Importantly, the R263P mutation affected pre-mRNA splicing and resulted in a shift in the isoform ratios, or the production of novel spliced transcripts, of most targets. Microarray analysis of isolated round spermatids suggests that altered splicing of RBM5 target pre-mRNAs affected expression of genes in several pathways, including those implicated in germ cell adhesion, spermatid head shaping, and acrosome and tail formation. In summary, our findings reveal a critical role for RBM5 as a pre-mRNA splicing regulator in round spermatids and male fertility. Our findings also suggest that the second RRM of RBM5 is pivotal for appropriate pre-mRNA splicing. The production of functional spermatozoa is an extraordinarily complex process that transforms a conventional round cell into the highly specialised sperm cell. These events require the coordinated activation of thousands of genes. It is likely that this complexity contributes to the large number of idiopathic infertility cases seen in humans. In an effort to improve the field's understanding of male fertility, we used a random mutagenesis screen to produce the Joey mouse line and to conclusively define RBM5 as an essential regulator of male fertility. The Joey line carries a mutation in the Rbm5 gene, which leads to a complete block of spermatid (haploid male germ cell) differentiation and ultimately a total loss of sperm production. Our results reveal a physiological role for RBM5 in the splicing of several spermatid-expressed mRNAs that are critical for the production of spermatozoa. This study is the first to show that RBM5, via its effects on mRNA splicing in the testis, is required for male fertility. These data improve our understanding of the regulatory networks of gene expression that control sperm production and as such may lead to the development of novel approaches to enhance or suppress fertility in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira K. O'Bryan
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology & Development, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brett J. Clark
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eileen A. McLaughlin
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Chemical Biology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. D'Sylva
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liza O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Prince Henry's Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacqueline A. Wilce
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessie Sutherland
- Priority Research Centre in Chemical Biology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Anne E. O'Connor
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology & Development, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belinda Whittle
- Australian Phenomics Facility, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | - Duangporn Jamsai
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology & Development, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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20
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Tee JM, Sartori da Silva MA, Rygiel AM, Muncan V, Bink R, van den Brink GR, van Tijn P, Zivkovic D, Kodach LL, Guardavaccaro D, Diks SH, Peppelenbosch MP. asb11 is a regulator of embryonic and adult regenerative myogenesis. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3091-103. [PMID: 22512762 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific molecular determinants that govern progenitor expansion and final compartment size in the myogenic lineage, either during gestation or during regenerative myogenesis, remain largely obscure. Recently, we retrieved d-asb11 from a zebrafish screen designed to identify gene products that are downregulated during embryogenesis upon terminal differentiation and identified it as a potential regulator of compartment size in the ectodermal lineage. A role in mesodermal derivatives remained, however, unexplored. Here we report pan-vertebrate expression of Asb11 in muscle compartments, where it highly specifically localizes to the Pax7(+) muscle satellite cell compartment. Forced expression of d-asb11 impaired terminal differentiation and caused enhanced proliferation in the myogenic progenitor compartment both in in vivo and in vitro model systems. Conversely, introduction of a germline hypomorphic mutation in the zebrafish d-asb11 gene produced premature differentiation of the muscle progenitors and delayed regenerative responses in adult injured muscle. Thus, the expression of d-asb11 is necessary for muscle progenitor expansion, whereas its downregulation marks the onset of terminal differentiation. Hence, we provide evidence that d-asb11 is a principal regulator of embryonic as well as adult regenerative myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Tee
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) is a key epigenetic regulator of normal hematopoietic development and chromosomal translocations involving MLL are one of the most common genetic alterations in human leukemia. Here we show that ASB2, a component of the ECS(ASB) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, mediates MLL degradation through interaction with the PHD/Bromodomain region of MLL. Forced expression of ASB2 degrades MLL and reduces MLL transactivation activity. In contrast, the MLL-AF9 fusion protein does not interact with ASB2 and is resistant to ASB2 mediated degradation. Increased expression of ASB2 during hematopoietic differentiation is associated with decreased levels of MLL protein and down-regulation of MLL target genes. Knockdown of ASB2 leads to increased expression of HOXA9 and delayed cell differentiation. Our data support a model whereby ASB2 contributes to hematopoietic differentiation, in part, through MLL degradation and HOX gene down-regulation. Moreover, deletion of the PHD/Bromo region renders MLL fusion proteins resistant to ASB2-mediated degradation and may contribute to leukemogenesis.
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22
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Pasutto F, Keller KE, Weisschuh N, Sticht H, Samples JR, Yang YF, Zenkel M, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Mardin CY, Frezzotti P, Edmunds B, Kramer PL, Gramer E, Reis A, Acott TS, Wirtz MK. Variants in ASB10 are associated with open-angle glaucoma. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:1336-49. [PMID: 22156576 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular events responsible for obstruction of aqueous humor outflow and the loss of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, one of the main causes of blindness worldwide, remain poorly understood. We identified a synonymous variant, c.765C>T (Thr255Thr), in ankyrin repeats and suppressor of cytokine signaling box-containing protein 10 (ASB10) in a large family with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) mapping to the GLC1F locus. This variant affects an exon splice enhancer site and alters mRNA splicing in lymphoblasts of affected family members. Systematic sequence analysis in two POAG patient groups (195 US and 977 German) and their respective controls (85 and 376) lead to the identification of 26 amino acid changes in 70 patients (70 of 1172; 6.0%) compared with 9 in 13 controls (13 of 461; 2.8%; P = 0.008). Molecular modeling suggests that these missense variants change ASB10 net charge or destabilize ankyrin repeats. ASB10 mRNA and protein were found to be strongly expressed in trabecular meshwork, retinal ganglion cells and ciliary body. Silencing of ASB10 transcripts in perfused anterior segment organ culture reduced outflow facility by ∼50% compared with control-infected anterior segments (P = 0.02). In conclusion, genetic and molecular analyses provide evidence for ASB10 as a glaucoma-causing gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Razinia Z, Baldassarre M, Bouaouina M, Lamsoul I, Lutz PG, Calderwood DA. The E3 ubiquitin ligase specificity subunit ASB2α targets filamins for proteasomal degradation by interacting with the filamin actin-binding domain. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2631-41. [PMID: 21750192 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.084343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamins are an important family of actin-binding and crosslinking proteins that mediate remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and maintain extracellular matrix connections by anchoring transmembrane proteins to actin filaments and linking them to intracellular signaling cascades. We recently found that filamins are targeted for proteasomal degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase specificity subunit ASBα and that acute degradation of filamins through this ubiquitin-proteasome pathway correlates with cell differentiation. Specifically, in myeloid leukemia cells retinoic-acid-induced expression of ASB2α triggers filamin degradation and recapitulates early events crucial for cell differentiation. ASB2α is thought to link substrates to the ubiquitin transferase machinery; however, the mechanism by which ASB2α interacts with filamin to induce degradation remained unknown. Here, we use cell-based and biochemical assays to show that the subcellular localization of ASB2α to actin-rich structures is dependent on filamin and that the actin-binding domain (ABD) of filamin mediates the interaction with ASB2α. Furthermore, we show that the ABD is necessary and sufficient for ASB2α-mediated filamin degradation. We propose that ASB2α exerts its effect by binding the ABD and mediating its polyubiquitylation, so targeting filamins for degradation. These studies provide the molecular basis for ASB2α-mediated filamin degradation and unravel an important mechanism by which filamin levels can be acutely regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Razinia
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
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Essential role for the d-Asb11 cul5 Box domain for proper notch signaling and neural cell fate decisions in vivo. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14023. [PMID: 21124961 PMCID: PMC2988792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ECS (Elongin BC-Cul2/Cul5-SOCS-box protein) ubiquitin ligases recruit substrates to E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes through a SOCS-box protein substrate receptor, an Elongin BC adaptor and a cullin (Cul2 or Cul5) scaffold which interacts with the RING protein. In vitro studies have shown that the conserved amino acid sequence of the cullin box in SOCS-box proteins is required for complex formation and function. However, the in vivo importance of cullin boxes has not been addressed. To explore the biological functions of the cullin box domain of ankyrin repeat and SOCS-box containing protein 11 (d-Asb11), a key mediator of canonical Delta-Notch signaling, we isolated a zebrafish mutant lacking the Cul5 box (Asb11Cul). We found that homozygous zebrafish mutants for this allele were defective in Notch signaling as indicated by the impaired expression of Notch target genes. Importantly, asb11Cul fish were not capable to degrade the Notch ligand DeltaA during embryogenesis, a process essential for the initiation of Notch signaling during neurogenesis. Accordingly, proper cell fate specification within the neurogenic regions of the zebrafish embryo was impaired. In addition, Asb11Cul mRNA was defective in the ability to transactivate a her4::gfp reporter DNA when injected in embryos. Thus, our study reporting the generation and the characterization of a metazoan organism mutant in the conserved cullin binding domain of the SOCS-box demonstrates a hitherto unrecognized importance of the SOCS-box domain for the function of this class of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases and establishes that the d-Asb11 cullin box is required for both canonical Notch signaling and proper neurogenesis.
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Tee JM, Peppelenbosch MP. Anchoring skeletal muscle development and disease: the role of ankyrin repeat domain containing proteins in muscle physiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 45:318-30. [PMID: 20515317 PMCID: PMC2942773 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2010.488217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ankyrin repeat is a protein module with high affinity for other ankyrin repeats based on strong Van der Waals forces. The resulting dimerization is unusually resistant to both mechanical forces and alkanization, making this module exceedingly useful for meeting the extraordinary demands of muscle physiology. Many aspects of muscle function are controlled by the superfamily ankyrin repeat domain containing proteins, including structural fixation of the contractile apparatus to the muscle membrane by ankyrins, the archetypical member of the family. Additionally, other ankyrin repeat domain containing proteins critically control the various differentiation steps during muscle development, with Notch and developmental stage-specific expression of the members of the Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box (ASB) containing family of proteins controlling compartment size and guiding the various steps of muscle specification. Also, adaptive responses in fully formed muscle require ankyrin repeat containing proteins, with Myotrophin/V-1 ankyrin repeat containing proteins controlling the induction of hypertrophic responses following excessive mechanical load, and muscle ankyrin repeat proteins (MARPs) acting as protective mechanisms of last resort following extreme demands on muscle tissue. Knowledge on mechanisms governing the ordered expression of the various members of superfamily of ankyrin repeat domain containing proteins may prove exceedingly useful for developing novel rational therapy for cardiac disease and muscle dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Tee
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Metcalf D. Concise Review: Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Tissue Stem Cells: Current Concepts and Unanswered Questions. Stem Cells 2007; 25:2390-5. [PMID: 17690176 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The term hematopoietic stem cells has at times been used to include a miscellany of precursor cells ranging from multipotential self-generating cells to lineage-restricted progenitors with little capacity for self-generation. It is probable that the stem cells of other tissues also vary widely in their multipotentiality and proliferative capacity. This review questions several dogmas regarding the self-generative capacity of various hematopoietic cells, the single episodic origin of hematopoietic cells, and the irreversible nature of progressive mature cell formation in individual hematopoietic lineages. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Metcalf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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27
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Chiba T, Yao J, Higami Y, Shimokawa I, Hosokawa M, Higuchi K. Identification of differentially expressed genes in senescence-accelerated mouse testes by suppression subtractive hybridization analysis. Mamm Genome 2007; 18:105-12. [PMID: 17334656 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-006-0119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) strains constitute a model of accelerated senescence coupled with a short lifespan and the early development of various age-related disorders. To identify differential gene expression in testes between senescence-accelerated SAMP1 and control SAMR1 mice, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization. We observed that the expression of three genes related to cell proliferation (myosin regulatory light chain B, aldolase 1A isoform, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc) were upregulated and four genes implicated in spermatogenesis were downregulated in SAMP1 mice. Asb-8, a member of ankyrin repeat-containing proteins, was abundantly expressed in the testes and downregulated in SAMP1. The other three downregulated genes (germ cell-specific gene 1, T-complex polypeptide 1b, and activator of cAMP responsive element modulator in testis) have been reported to regulate late-stage spermatogenesis. These gene expression profiles might explain the findings of early testicular maturation and rapid decline in the ability to produce spermatozoa with advancing age in SAMP1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Chiba
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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28
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Debrincat MA, Zhang JG, Willson TA, Silke J, Connolly LM, Simpson RJ, Alexander WS, Nicola NA, Kile BT, Hilton DJ. Ankyrin repeat and suppressors of cytokine signaling box protein asb-9 targets creatine kinase B for degradation. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:4728-4737. [PMID: 17148442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609164200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins inhibit cytokine action by direct interaction with Janus kinases or activated cytokine receptors. In addition to the N-terminal and Src homology 2 domains that mediate these interactions, SOCS proteins contain a C-terminal SOCS box. DNA data base searches have identified a number of other protein families that possess a SOCS box, of which the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (Asb) proteins constitute the largest. Although it is known that the SOCS proteins are involved in the negative regulation of cytokine signaling, the biological and biochemical functions of the Asbs are largely undefined. Using a proteomics approach, we demonstrate that creatine kinase B (CKB) interacts with Asb-9 in a specific, SOCS box-independent manner. This interaction increases the polyubiquitylation of CKB and decreases total CKB levels within the cell. The targeting of CKB for degradation by Asb-9 was primarily SOCS box-dependent and suggests that Asb-9 acts as a specific ubiquitin ligase regulating levels of this evolutionarily conserved enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyse A Debrincat
- Division of Cancer and Haematology and, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Division of Molecular Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Division of Cancer and Haematology and, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Division of Molecular Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Tracy A Willson
- Division of Cancer and Haematology and, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Division of Molecular Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Department of Biochemistry, R. L. Reid Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia, and the
| | - Lisa M Connolly
- The Joint Proteomics Laboratory of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- The Joint Proteomics Laboratory of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Division of Cancer and Haematology and, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- Division of Cancer and Haematology and, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Division of Molecular Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- Division of Molecular Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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29
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Cengiz B, Gunduz M, Nagatsuka H, Beder L, Gunduz E, Tamamura R, Mahmut N, Fukushima K, Ali MAS, Naomoto Y, Shimizu K, Nagai N. Fine deletion mapping of chromosome 2q21-37 shows three preferentially deleted regions in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2006; 43:241-7. [PMID: 16857411 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of long arm of chromosome 2 by using 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers in 39 matched oral normal and cancer tissues, and defined the deletional mapping of the region with putative tumor suppressor genes. LOH was detected at least one location in 33 of 39 (85%) tumor tissues. Frequent deletions were detected at the locations of microsatellite markers, D2S2304 (35%), D2S111 (40%), D2S155 (35%), D2S1327 (29%), D2S164 (29%), D2S125 (68%) and D2S140 (32%). Three preferentially deleted regions at 2q21-24, 2q33-35 and 2q37.3 were observed. Several candidate tumor suppressor genes in these regions such as LRP1B, CASP8, CASP10, BARD1, ILKAP, PPP1R7, and ING5, are located. Further molecular analysis of each gene should be performed to clarify their roles in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Cengiz
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayamashi 700-8525, Japan
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30
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McDaneld TG, Hannon K, Moody DE. Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 15 regulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290:R1672-82. [PMID: 16424087 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00239.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 15 (ASB15) is an Asb family member expressed predominantly in skeletal muscle. We have previously reported that ASB15 mRNA abundance decreases after administration of β-adrenergic receptor agonists. Because β-adrenergic receptor agonists are known to stimulate muscle hypertrophy, the objective of this study was to determine whether ASB15 regulates cellular processes that contribute to muscle growth. Stable myoblast C2C12 cells expressing full-length ASB15 (ASB15-FL) and ASB15 lacking the ankyrin repeat (ASB15-Ank) or SOCS box (ASB15-SOCS) motifs were evaluated for changes in proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis, and protein degradation. Expression of ASB15-FL caused a delay in differentiation, followed by an increase in protein synthesis of ∼34% ( P < 0.05). A consistent effect of ASB15 overexpression was observed in vivo, where ectopic expression of ASB15 increased skeletal muscle fiber area ( P < 0.0001) after 9 days. Expression of ASB15-SOCS altered differentiation of myoblasts, resulting in detachment of cells from culture plates. Expression of ASB15-Ank increased protein degradation by 84 h of differentiation ( P < 0.05), and in vivo ectopic expression of an ASB15 construct lacking both the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box motifs decreased skeletal muscle fiber area ( P < 0.0001). Together, these results suggest ASB15 participates in the regulation of protein turnover and muscle cell development by stimulating protein synthesis and regulating differentiation of muscle cells. This is the first study to demonstrate a role for an Asb family member in skeletal muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G McDaneld
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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31
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Masters SL, Palmer KR, Stevenson WS, Metcalf D, Viney EM, Sprigg NS, Alexander WS, Nicola NA, Nicholson SE. Genetic deletion of murine SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein 2 (SSB-2) results in very mild thrombocytopenia. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:5639-47. [PMID: 15964819 PMCID: PMC1156973 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.13.5639-5647.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SSB family is comprised of four highly homologous proteins containing a C-terminal SOCS box motif and a central SPRY domain. No function has yet been ascribed to any member of this family in mammalian species despite a clear role for other SOCS proteins in negative regulation of cytokine signaling. To investigate its physiological role, the murine Ssb-2 gene was deleted by homologous recombination. SSB-2-deficient mice were shown to have a reduced rate of platelet production, resulting in very mild thrombocytopenia (25% decrease in circulating platelets). Tissue histology and other hematological parameters were normal, as was the majority of serum biochemistry, with the exception that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were decreased in mice lacking SSB-2. Quantitative analysis of SSB mRNA levels indicated that SSB-1, -2, and -3 were ubiquitously expressed; however, SSB-4 was only expressed at very low levels. SSB-2 expression was observed in the kidney and in megakaryocytes, a finding consistent with the phenotype of mice lacking this gene. Deletion of SSB-2 thus perturbs the steady-state level of two tightly controlled homeostatic parameters and identifies a critical role for SSB-2 in regulating platelet production and BUN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Masters
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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32
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Li JY, Kuick R, Thompson RC, Misek DE, Lai YM, Liu YQ, Chai BX, Hanash SM, Gantz I. Arcuate nucleus transcriptome profiling identifies ankyrin repeat and suppressor of cytokine signalling box-containing protein 4 as a gene regulated by fasting in central nervous system feeding circuits. J Neuroendocrinol 2005; 17:394-404. [PMID: 15929745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is a primary site for sensing blood borne nutrients and hormonal messengers that reflect caloric status. To identify novel energy homeostatic genes, we examined RNA extracts from the microdissected arcuate nucleus of fed and 48-h fasted rats using oligonucleotide microarrays. The relative abundance of 118 mRNA transcripts was increased and 203 mRNA transcripts was decreased during fasting. One of the down-regulated mRNAs was ankyrin-repeat and suppressor of cytokine signalling box-containing protein 4 (Asb-4). The predicted structure of Asb-4 protein suggested that it might encode an intracellular regulatory protein, and therefore its mRNA expression was investigated further. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to validate down-regulation of Asb-4 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus of the fasted Sprague-Dawley rat (relative expression of Asb-4 mRNA: fed = 4.66 +/- 0.26; fasted = 3.96 +/- 0.23; n = 4, P < 0.01). Down-regulation was also demonstrated in the obese fa/fa Zucker rat, another model of energy disequilibrium (relative expression of Asb-4 mRNA: lean Zucker = 3.91 +/- 0.32; fa/fa = 2.93 +/- 0.26; n = 5, P < 0.001). In situ hybridisation shows that Asb-4 mRNA is expressed in brain areas linked to energy homeostasis, including the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, lateral hypothalamus and posterodorsal medial amygdaloid area. Double in situ hybridisation revealed that Asb-4 mRNA colocalises with key energy homeostatic neurones. In the fed state, Asb-4 mRNA is expressed by 95.6% of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurones and 46.4% of neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurones. By contrast, in the fasted state, the percentage of POMC neurones expressing Asb-4 mRNA drops to 73.2% (P < 0.001). Moreover, the density of Asb-4 mRNA per fasted POMC neurone is markedly decreased. Conversely, expression of Asb-4 mRNA by NPY neurones in the fasted state is modestly increased to 52.7% (P < 0.05). Based on its differential expression, neuroanatomical distribution and colocalisation, we hypothesise that Asb-4 is a gene involved in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
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33
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Guo JH, Saiyin H, Wei YH, Chen S, Chen L, Bi G, Ma LJ, Zhou GJ, Huang CQ, Yu L, Dai L. Expression of testis specific ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 17 gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:155-61. [PMID: 15204681 DOI: 10.1080/01485010490425485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human ASB-17 (Ankyrin Repeat and SOCS Box-containing 17) is a recently identified gene belonging to the ASB family, isolated from testis cDNA library. Human ASB-17 is expressed exclusively in testis among 16 tissues, revealed by Northern blot. Mouse Asb-17 was shown to be expressed from the third week post birth to adult by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In situ hybridization on frozen sections demonstrated that Asb-17 is expressed in spermatogenic cells in adult mouse, but not in Leydig cell and epididymis in adult mouse. ASB-17 proteins are highly conserved in mammals including human, mouse, rat, Canis familiaris and Macaca fascicularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Krebs DL, Metcalf D, Merson TD, Voss AK, Thomas T, Zhang JG, Rakar S, O'bryan MK, Willson TA, Viney EM, Mielke LA, Nicola NA, Hilton DJ, Alexander WS. Development of hydrocephalus in mice lacking SOCS7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:15446-51. [PMID: 15494444 PMCID: PMC524464 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0406870101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SOCS7 is a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins (SOCS1-SOCS7 and CIS). SOCS proteins are composed of an N-terminal domain of variable length, a central Src homology 2 domain, and a C-terminal SOCS box. Biochemical and genetic studies have revealed that SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and CIS play an important role in the termination of cytokine and growth factor signaling. However, the biological actions of other SOCS proteins are less well defined. To investigate the physiological role of SOCS7, we have used gene targeting to generate mice that lack expression of the Socs7 gene. Socs7-/- mice were born in expected numbers, were fertile, and did not exhibit defects in hematopoiesis or circulating glucose or insulin concentrations. However, Socs7-/- mice were 7-10% smaller than their wild-type littermates, and within 15 weeks of age approximately 50% of the Socs7-/- mice died as a result of hydrocephalus that was characterized by cranial distortion, dilation of the ventricular system, reduced thickness of the cerebral cortex, and disorganization of the subcommissural organ. In situ hybridization studies revealed prominent expression of Socs7 in the brain, suggestive of an important functional role of SOCS7 in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Krebs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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Wilcox A, Katsanakis KD, Bheda F, Pillay TS. Asb6, an Adipocyte-specific Ankyrin and SOCS Box Protein, Interacts with APS to Enable Recruitment of Elongins B and C to the Insulin Receptor Signaling Complex. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:38881-8. [PMID: 15231829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The APS adapter protein plays a pivotal role in coupling the insulin receptor to CAP and c-Cbl in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent pathway of insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a 3T3-L1 adipocyte library using APS as a bait identified a 418-amino acid ankyrin and SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) box protein Asb6 as an interactor. Asb6 is an orphan member of a larger family of Asb proteins that are ubiquitously expressed. However, Asb6 expression appears to be restricted to adipose tissue. Asb6 was specifically expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as a 50-kDa protein but not in fibroblasts. In Chinese hamster ovary-insulin receptor (CHO-IR) cells Myc epitope-tagged APS interacted constitutively with FLAG-tagged Asb6 in the presence or absence of insulin stimulation and insulin stimulation did not alter the interaction. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, insulin receptor activation was accompanied by the APS-dependent recruitment of Asb6. Asb6 did not appear to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy studies revealed that Asb6 colocalized with APS in CHO cells and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In immunoprecipitation studies in CHO cells or 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the Elongin BC complex was found to be bound to Asb6, and activation of the insulin receptor was required to facilitate Asb6 recruitment along with Elongins B/C. Prolonged insulin stimulation resulted in the degradation of APS when Asb6 was co-expressed but not in the absence of Asb6. We conclude that Asb6 functions to regulate components of the insulin signaling pathway in adipocytes by facilitating degradation by the APS-dependent recruitment of Asb6 and Elongins BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wilcox
- Institute of Cell Signaling & School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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Boengler K, Pipp F, Fernandez B, Richter A, Schaper W, Deindl E. The ankyrin repeat containing SOCS box protein 5: a novel protein associated with arteriogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 302:17-22. [PMID: 12593841 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arteriogenesis, the growth of pre-existing collateral arteries, can be induced in rabbit by occlusion of the femoral artery. In order to identify and characterize genes differentially expressed during the early phase of arteriogenesis, cDNA of collateral arteries 24h after femoral ligation or sham operation was subjected to suppression subtractive hybridization. We identified the ankyrin repeat containing SOCS box protein 5 (asb5) and cloned the rabbit full-length cDNA. Asb5 was demonstrated to be a single-copy gene. We localized the asb5 protein in vivo in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of collateral arteries as well as in satellite cells. Asb5 was significantly upregulated in growing collateral arteries on mRNA and protein level. The infusion of doxorubicin in rabbit led to a significant decrease of the asb5 mRNA. In summary, our data show that asb5 is a novel protein implicated in the initiation of arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Physiological and Clinical Research, Benekestr. 2, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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37
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Liu Y, Li J, Zhang F, Qin W, Yao G, He X, Xue P, Ge C, Wan D, Gu J. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human ASB-8 gene encoding a novel member of ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing protein family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 300:972-9. [PMID: 12559969 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned a new member of human ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing protein family (ASB), designed as hASB-8, from a human placental cDNA library and further extended by 5(') and 3(')-RACE. The full-length cDNA was 2545bp in length, with a predicted open reading frame encoding a protein of 288 amino acids, which was 96% identical to mouse ASB-8 protein. Computer analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of the human ASB-8 contained four Ankyrin repeats and one SOCS box. The gene had four exons separated by three introns and was mapped to human chromosome 12q13. Human ASB-8 mRNA was expressed at the highest level of expression in skeletal muscle and at a varied level of expression in heart, brain, placenta, liver, kidney, and pancreas. The transcript of hASB-8 was not detected in adult normal lung tissue, but found in lung carcinoma cell lines SPC-A1, A549, and NCI-H446. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the EGFP-tagged hASB-8 protein was localized at cytoplasm in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL-7402. We also provided evidence that hASB-8 could interact with Elongin B-C complex in vitro. Furthermore, transfection with the truncated mutant of hASB-8 cDNA lacking SOCS box could suppress cell growth of lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A1 cells in vitro, which suggests that this gene might be related to the development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Greenhalgh CJ, Miller ME, Hilton DJ, Lund PK. Suppressors of cytokine signaling: Relevance to gastrointestinal function and disease. Gastroenterology 2002; 123:2064-81. [PMID: 12454862 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.37068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are a family of Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins. Currently, there are 8 members of the SOCS family, of which a number have been implicated strongly in the negative regulation of cytokine signal transduction pathways. METHODS This review focuses on recent discoveries about 4 SOCS family members, SOCS-1, -2, and -3, and cytokine-inducible SH2-domain containing (CIS), and provides more limited information about other SOCS family members. RESULTS A large number of cytokines and growth factors are now known to induce SOCS proteins. In turn, SOCS inhibit the actions of a growing number of cytokines and growth factors in vitro or in vivo. SOCS proteins exert their inhibitory effects at the level of activation of janus kinases (JAKs) or by competing with transcription factors for binding sites on activated cytokine receptors. SOCS proteins also may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the SOCS protein and its bound signaling complex. Genetic modification of SOCS genes in mice has revealed crucial roles in the negative regulation of a number of important physiologic parameters including interferon gamma activity, growth, blood cell production, and placental development. CONCLUSIONS Information about SOCS action in gastrointestinal function and disease is only just emerging, but available data indicate a role in growth of gastrointestinal tissues, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Greenhalgh
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Cooperative Research Centre for Cellular Growth Factors, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
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Greenhalgh CJ, Metcalf D, Thaus AL, Corbin JE, Uren R, Morgan PO, Fabri LJ, Zhang JG, Martin HM, Willson TA, Billestrup N, Nicola NA, Baca M, Alexander WS, Hilton DJ. Biological evidence that SOCS-2 can act either as an enhancer or suppressor of growth hormone signaling. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:40181-4. [PMID: 12208853 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c200450200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-2 is a member of a family of intracellular proteins implicated in the negative regulation of cytokine signaling. The generation of SOCS-2-deficient mice, which grow to one and a half times the size of their wild-type littermates, suggests that SOCS-2 may attenuate growth hormone (GH) signaling. In vitro studies indicate that, while SOCS-2 can inhibit GH action at low concentrations, at higher concentrations it may potentiate signaling. To determine whether a similar enhancement of signaling is observed in vivo or alternatively whether increased SOCS-2 levels repress growth in vivo, we generated and analyzed transgenic mice that overexpress SOCS-2 from a human ubiquitin C promoter. These mice are not growth-deficient and are, in fact, significantly larger than wild-type mice. The overexpressed SOCS-2 was found to bind to endogenous GH receptors in a number of mouse organs, while phosphopeptide binding studies with recombinant SOCS-2 defined phosphorylated tyrosine 595 on the GH receptor as the site of interaction. Together, the data implicate SOCS-2 as having dual effects on GH signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Greenhalgh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Cooperative Research for Cellular Growth Factors, PO Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC 3050, Australia.
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Krebs DL, Uren RT, Metcalf D, Rakar S, Zhang JG, Starr R, De Souza DP, Hanzinikolas K, Eyles J, Connolly LM, Simpson RJ, Nicola NA, Nicholson SE, Baca M, Hilton DJ, Alexander WS. SOCS-6 binds to insulin receptor substrate 4, and mice lacking the SOCS-6 gene exhibit mild growth retardation. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:4567-78. [PMID: 12052866 PMCID: PMC133908 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.13.4567-4578.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2001] [Revised: 12/11/2001] [Accepted: 04/02/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SOCS-6 is a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins (SOCS-1 to SOCS-7 and CIS) which each contain a central SH2 domain and a carboxyl-terminal SOCS box. SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, and CIS act to negatively regulate cytokine-induced signaling pathways; however, the actions of SOCS-4, SOCS-5, SOCS-6, and SOCS-7 remain less clear. Here we have used both biochemical and genetic approaches to examine the action of SOCS-6. We found that SOCS-6 and SOCS-7 are expressed ubiquitously in murine tissues. Like other SOCS family members, SOCS-6 binds to elongins B and C through its SOCS box, suggesting that it might act as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins bound to its SH2 domain for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. We investigated the binding specificity of the SOCS-6 and SOCS-7 SH2 domains and found that they preferentially bound to phosphopeptides containing a valine in the phosphotyrosine (pY) +1 position and a hydrophobic residue in the pY +2 and pY +3 positions. In addition, these SH2 domains interacted with a protein complex consisting of insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS-4), IRS-2, and the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. To investigate the physiological role of SOCS-6, we generated mice lacking the SOCS-6 gene. SOCS-6(-/-) mice were born in a normal Mendelian ratio, were fertile, developed normally, and did not exhibit defects in hematopoiesis or glucose homeostasis. However, both male and female SOCS-6(-/-) mice weighed approximately 10% less than wild-type littermates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Krebs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Cooperative Research Centre for Cellular Growth Factors, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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Kile BT, Schulman BA, Alexander WS, Nicola NA, Martin HME, Hilton DJ. The SOCS box: a tale of destruction and degradation. Trends Biochem Sci 2002; 27:235-41. [PMID: 12076535 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0004(02)02085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although initially identified in the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins, the C-terminal SOCS box has now been identified in more than 40 proteins in nine different families. Growing evidence suggests that the SOCS box, similar to the F-box, acts as a bridge between specific substrate-binding domains and the more generic proteins that comprise a large family of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases. In this way, SOCS proteins regulate protein turnover by targeting proteins for polyubiquitination and, therefore, for proteasome-mediated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and The Cooperative Research Centre for Cellular Growth Factors, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang JG, Metcalf D, Rakar S, Asimakis M, Greenhalgh CJ, Willson TA, Starr R, Nicholson SE, Carter W, Alexander WS, Hilton DJ, Nicola NA. The SOCS box of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 is important for inhibition of cytokine action in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13261-5. [PMID: 11606785 PMCID: PMC60858 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.231486498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 (SOCS-1) is an essential physiological inhibitor of IFN-gamma signaling. Mice lacking this gene die in the early postnatal period from a disease characterized by hyperresponsiveness to endogenous IFN-gamma. The SOCS box is a C-terminal domain shared with over 30 other proteins that links SOCS proteins to an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and the proteasome, but whether it contributes to inhibition of cytokine signaling is currently disputed. We have deleted only the SOCS box of the SOCS-1 gene in mice and show that such mice have an increased responsiveness to IFN-gamma and slowly develop a fatal inflammatory disease. These results demonstrate that deletion of the SOCS box leads to a partial loss of function of SOCS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Cooperative Research Centre for Cellular Growth Factors, P.O. Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia
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