1
|
Xu Y, Cohen E, Johnson CN, Parent CA, Coulombe PA. Repeated stress to the skin amplifies neutrophil infiltration in a keratin 17- and PKCα-dependent manner. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002779. [PMID: 39159283 PMCID: PMC11361748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first immune cells to reach inflamed sites and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Yet, little is known about the pattern of neutrophil infiltration in inflamed skin in vivo and the mechanisms mediating their recruitment. Here, we provide insight into the dynamics of neutrophil infiltration in skin in response to acute or repeated inflammatory stress, highlighting a novel keratinocyte- and keratin 17 (K17)-dependent mechanism that regulates neutrophil recruitment to inflamed skin. We used the phorbol ester TPA and UVB, alone or in combination, to induce sterile inflammation in mouse skin. A single TPA treatment results in a neutrophil influx in the dermis that peaks at 12 h and resolves within 24 h. A subsequent TPA treatment or a UVB challenge, when applied 24 h but not 48 h later, accelerates, amplifies, and prolongs neutrophil infiltration. This transient amplification response (TAR) is mediated by local signals in inflamed skin, can be recapitulated in ex vivo culture, and involves the K17-dependent sustainment of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activity and release of chemoattractants by stressed keratinocytes. K17 binds RACK1, a scaffold protein essential for PKCα activity. The N-terminal head domain of K17 is crucial for its association with RACK1 and regulation of PKCα activity. Analysis of RNAseq data reveals a signature consistent with TAR and PKCα activation in inflammatory skin diseases. These findings uncover a novel, keratin-dependent mechanism that amplifies neutrophil recruitment in skin under stress, with direct implications for inflammatory skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erez Cohen
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Craig N. Johnson
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Carole A. Parent
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Pierre A. Coulombe
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aromolo IF, Moltrasio C, Cozzaglio L, Colavito D, Leon A, Cavalli R, Tadini G, Brena M. Multiple melanomas in ichthyosis with confetti: One more piece of evidence. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:576-578. [PMID: 37577813 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Italo Francesco Aromolo
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Patophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cozzaglio
- Department of Surgery of Sarcoma, Melanoma and Rare Tumors, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Alberta Leon
- Research & Innovation Genetics Srl, Padoa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cavalli
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tadini
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Brena
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Cohen E, Johnson CN, Parent CA, Coulombe PA. Keratin 17- and PKCα-dependent transient amplification of neutrophil influx after repeated stress to the skin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561954. [PMID: 37873256 PMCID: PMC10592713 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Little is known about the source and identity of the signals mediating their recruitment in inflamed skin. We used the phorbol ester TPA and UVB, alone or in combination, to induce sterile inflammation in mouse skin and assess whether keratinocyte-derived signals impact neutrophil recruitment. A single TPA treatment results in a neutrophil influx in the dermis that peaks at 12h and resolves within 24h. A second TPA treatment or a UVB challenge, when applied at 24h but not 48h later, accelerates, amplifies, and prolongs neutrophil infiltration. This transient amplification response (TAR) is mediated by local signals in inflamed skin, can be recapitulated in ex vivo culture, and involves the K17-dependent sustainment of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activity and release of neutrophil chemoattractants by stressed keratinocytes. We show that K17 binds RACK1, a scaffold essential for PKCα activity. Finally, analyses of RNAseq data reveal the presence of a transcriptomic signature consistent with TAR and PKCα activation in chronic inflammatory skin diseases. These findings uncover a novel, transient, and keratin-dependent mechanism that amplifies neutrophil recruitment to the skin under stress, with direct implications for inflammatory skin disorders.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Z, Wei W, Fan H, Gu Y, Li L, Wang H. Integrated Analysis of Competitive Endogenous RNA Networks in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Genet 2022; 13:833545. [PMID: 35401659 PMCID: PMC8990852 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.833545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a severe neurological disease with complex pathophysiology, resulting in the disability and death. The goal of this study is to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of AIS and search for new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Methods: Integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA profiles downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was performed. We explored differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMirs) after AIS. Target mRNAs of DEMirs and target miRNAs of DEGs were predicted with target prediction tools, and the intersections between DEGs and target genes were determined. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) network, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and gene transcription factors (TFs) network analyses were performed to identify hub genes and associated pathways. Furthermore, we obtained AIS samples with evaluation of immune cell infiltration and used CIBERSORT to determine the relationship between the expression of hub genes and infiltrating immune cells. Finally, we used the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database to predict the effect of the identified targets on drug sensitivity. Result: We identified 293 DEGs and 26 DEMirs associated with AIS. DEGs were found to be mainly enriched in inflammation and immune-related signaling pathways through enrichment analysis. The ceRNA network included nine lncRNAs, 13 miRNAs, and 21 mRNAs. We used the criterion AUC >0.8, to screen a 3-gene signature (FBL, RPS3, and RPS15) and the aberrantly expressed miRNAs (hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-125b-5p, hsa-miR-148b-3p, and hsa-miR-143-3p) in AIS, which were verified by a method of quantitative PCR (qPCR) in HT22 cells. T cells CD8, B cells naïve, and activated NK cells had statistical increased in number compared with the acute cerebral infarction group. By predicting the IC50 of the patient to the drug, AZD0530, Z.LLNle.CHO and NSC-87877 with significant differences between the groups were screened out. AIS demonstrated heterogeneity in immune infiltrates that correlated with the occurrence and development of diseases. Conclusion: These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of AIS and provide the basis for the development of novel treatment targets in AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongkai Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wanyi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongzhen Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongsheng Gu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Hebo Wang, , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-5772
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keratin 8/18 Regulate the Akt Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179227. [PMID: 34502133 PMCID: PMC8430995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 8 and keratin 18 (K8/K18) are intermediate filament proteins that form the obligate heteropolymers in hepatocytes and protect the liver against toxins. The mechanisms of protection include the regulation of signaling pathway associated with cell survival. Previous studies show K8/K18 binding with Akt, which is a well-known protein kinase involved in the cell survival signaling pathway. However, the role of K8/K18 in the Akt signaling pathway is unclear. In this study, we found that K8/K18-Akt binding is downregulated by K8/K18 phosphorylation, specifically phosphorylation of K18 ser7/34/53 residues, whereas the binding is upregulated by K8 gly-62-cys mutation. K8/K18 expression in cultured cell system tends to enhance the stability of the Akt protein. A comparison of the Akt signaling pathway in a mouse system with liver damage shows that the pathway is downregulated in K18-null mice compared with nontransgenic mice. K18-null mice with Fas-induced liver damage show enhanced apoptosis combined with the downregulation of the Akt signaling pathway, i.e., lower phosphorylation levels of GSK3β and NFκB, which are the downstream signaling factors in the Akt signaling pathway, in K18-null mice compared with the control mice. Our study indicates that K8/K18 expression protects mice from liver damage by participating in enhancing the Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
6
|
Valencia L, López-Llorente V, Lasheras JC, Jorcano JL, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J. Interaction of a Migrating Cell Monolayer with a Flexible Fiber. Biophys J 2021; 120:539-546. [PMID: 33359462 PMCID: PMC7895989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces influence the development and behavior of biological tissues. In many situations, these forces are exerted or resisted by elastic compliant structures such as the own-tissue cellular matrix or other surrounding tissues. This kind of tissue-elastic body interactions are also at the core of many state-of-the-art in situ force measurement techniques employed in biophysics. This creates the need to model tissue interaction with the surrounding elastic bodies that exert these forces, raising the question of which are the minimal ingredients needed to describe such interactions. We conduct experiments in which migrating cell monolayers push on carbon fibers as a model problem. Although the migrating tissue is able to bend the fiber for some time, it eventually recoils before coming to a stop. This stop occurs when cells have performed a fixed mechanical work on the fiber, regardless of its stiffness. Based on these observations, we develop a minimal active-fluid model that reproduces the experiments and predicts quantitatively relevant features of the system. This minimal model points out the essential ingredients needed to describe tissue-elastic solid interactions: an effective inertia and viscous stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Valencia
- Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Academic Unit for Disruptive Technologies in Regenerative Medicine, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan C Lasheras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - José L Jorcano
- Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Academic Unit for Disruptive Technologies in Regenerative Medicine, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT-CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Academic Unit for Disruptive Technologies in Regenerative Medicine, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
KANLI A, KASAP M, AKPINAR G, YANAR S. Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) Protein Ekspresyonunun Neden Olduğu SH-SY5Y Hücrelerinin Proteomunda Meydana Gelen Değişiklikler, FTO Proteininin Çok Yönlü Özellikleri Ortaya Çıkarır. KOCAELI ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.30934/kusbed.666084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
8
|
Gao L, Dou J, Zhang B, Zeng J, Cheng Q, Lei L, Tan L, Zeng Q, Ding S, Guo A, Cheng H, Yang C, Luo Z, Lu J. Ozone therapy promotes the differentiation of basal keratinocytes via increasing Tp63-mediated transcription of KRT10 to improve psoriasis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4819-4829. [PMID: 32168425 PMCID: PMC7176851 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory dermatosis. Recently, ozone therapy has been applicated to psoriasis treatment; however, the mechanism by which ozone therapy improves psoriasis remains unclear. The excessive proliferation and the differentiation of basal keratinocytes have been considered critical issues during pathological psoriasis process, in which keratin 6 (KRT6) and KRT10 might be involved. In the present study, KRT6, IL‐17 and IL‐22 protein within psoriasis lesions was decreased, while KRT10 and Tp63 protein in psoriasis lesions was increased by ozone treatment in both patient and IMQ mice psoriatic tissues. In the meantime, ozone treatment down‐regulated KRT6 mRNA and protein expression while up‐regulated KRT10 mRNA and protein expression within IL‐22 treated primary KCs; the cell viability of KCs was suppressed by ozone treatment. Moreover, Tp63 bound to KRT10 promoter region to activate its transcription in basal keratinocytes; the promotive effects of ozone on Tp63 and KRT10 were significantly reversed by Tp63 silence. Both TP63 and KRT10 mRNA expression were significantly increased by ozone treatment in psoriasis lesions; there was a positive correlation between Tp63 and KRT10 expression within tissue samples, suggesting that ozone induces the expression of Tp63 to enhance the expression of KRT10 and the differentiation of keratinocytes, therefore improving the psoriasis. In conclusion, the application of ozonated oil could be an efficient and safe treatment for psoriasis; ozone promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes via increasing Tp63‐mediated transcription of KRT10, therefore improving psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Gao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Dou
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingmei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aiyuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haipeng Cheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Caifeng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bott CJ, Winckler B. Intermediate filaments in developing neurons: Beyond structure. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:110-128. [PMID: 31970897 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal development relies on a highly choreographed progression of dynamic cellular processes by which newborn neurons migrate, extend axons and dendrites, innervate their targets, and make functional synapses. Many of these dynamic processes require coordinated changes in morphology, powered by the cell's cytoskeleton. Intermediate filaments (IFs) are the third major cytoskeletal elements in vertebrate cells, but are rarely considered when it comes to understanding axon and dendrite growth, pathfinding and synapse formation. In this review, we first introduce the many new and exciting concepts of IF function, discovered mostly in non-neuronal cells. These roles include dynamic rearrangements, crosstalk with microtubules and actin filaments, mechano-sensing and -transduction, and regulation of signaling cascades. We then discuss the understudied roles of neuronally expressed IFs, with a particular focus on IFs expressed during development, such as nestin, vimentin and α-internexin. Lastly, we illustrate how signaling modulation by the unconventional IF nestin shapes neuronal morphogenesis in unexpected and novel ways. Even though the first IF knockout mice were made over 20 years ago, the study of the cell biological functions of IFs in the brain still has much room for exciting new discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bott
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dmello C, Srivastava SS, Tiwari R, Chaudhari PR, Sawant S, Vaidya MM. Multifaceted role of keratins in epithelial cell differentiation and transformation. J Biosci 2019; 44:33. [PMID: 31180046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Keratins, the epithelial-predominant members of the intermediate filament superfamily, are expressed in a pairwise, tissuespecific and differentiation-dependent manner. There are 28 type I and 26 type II keratins, which share a common structure comprising a central coiled coil α-helical rod domain flanked by two nonhelical head and tail domains. These domains harbor sites for major posttranslational modifications like phosphorylation and glycosylation, which govern keratin function and dynamics. Apart from providing structural support, keratins regulate various signaling machinery involved in cell growth, motility, apoptosis etc. However, tissue-specific functions of keratins in relation to cell proliferation and differentiation are still emerging. Altered keratin expression pattern during and after malignant transformation is reported to modulate different signaling pathways involved in tumor progression in a context-dependent fashion. The current review focuses on the literature related to the role of keratins in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation in different types of epithelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crismita Dmello
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dmello C, Srivastava SS, Tiwari R, Chaudhari PR, Sawant S, Vaidya MM. Multifaceted role of keratins in epithelial cell differentiation and transformation. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
12
|
Dutra GA, Ishak GM, Pechanova O, Pechan T, Peterson DG, Jacob JCF, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Gastal EL, Feugang JM. Seasonal variation in equine follicular fluid proteome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:29. [PMID: 30841911 PMCID: PMC6404268 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomic studies of follicular fluid (FF) exist for several species, including the horse; however, the seasonal influence on FF proteome has not been explored in livestock. The application of high-throughput proteomics of FF in horse has the potential to identify seasonal variations of proteins involved in follicle and oocyte growth. METHODS This study (i) profiles the proteomes of equine FF collected from dominant growing follicles during the spring anovulatory season (SAN), and spring (SOV), summer (SUM), and fall (FOV) ovulatory seasons; and (ii) identifies season-dependent regulatory networks and associated key proteins. RESULTS Regardless of season, a total of 90 proteins were identified in FF, corresponding to 63, 72, 69, and 78 proteins detected in the SAN, SOV, SUM, and FOV seasons, respectively. Fifty-two proteins were common to all seasons, a total of 13 were unique to either season, and 25 were shared between two seasons or more. Protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated the likely critical roles of plasminogen in the SAN season, the prothrombin/plasminogen combination in SUM, and plasminogen/complement C3 in both SOV and FOV seasons. The apolipoprotein A1 appeared crucial in all seasons. The present findings show that FF proteome of SUM differs from other seasons, with FF having high fluidity (low viscosity). CONCLUSIONS The balance between the FF contents in prothrombin, plasminogen, and coagulation factor XII proteins favoring FF fluidity may be crucial at the peak of the ovulatory season (SUM) and may explain the reported lower incidence of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles during the SUM season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Dutra
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Department of Reproduction and Animal Evaluation, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - G M Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - O Pechanova
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Bioinformatics, University, Mississippi State, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - T Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Bioinformatics, University, Mississippi State, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - D G Peterson
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Bioinformatics, University, Mississippi State, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - J C F Jacob
- Department of Reproduction and Animal Evaluation, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - S T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - P L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - J M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 4025 Wise Center, PO Box 9815, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ascherman DP, Zang Y, Fernandez I, Clark ES, Khan WN, Martinez L, Greidinger EL. An Autoimmune Basis for Raynaud's Phenomenon: Murine Model and Human Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1489-1499. [PMID: 29569858 DOI: 10.1002/art.40505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is common in anti-RNP-positive patients with rheumatic diseases but is not itself known to be caused by autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to assess autoantibodies that could mediate this process. METHODS Antibodies derived from patient sera and from murine models of anti-RNP autoimmunity were screened for the ability to induce RP-like tissue ischemia and endothelial cell apoptosis in murine models and in vitro systems. RESULTS RNP-positive sera from RP patients and murine sera from RNP-positive B cell adoptive transfer recipients induced RP-like tissue ischemia and endothelial cell apoptosis. Proteomic analysis identified cytokeratin 10 (K10) as a candidate autoantigen in RP. Monoclonal anti-K10 antibodies reproduced patterns of ischemic tissue loss and endothelial cell apoptosis; K10 knockout or depletion of anti-K10 activity in serum was protective. Cold exposure enhanced K10 expression and in vivo tissue loss. CONCLUSION Anti-K10 antibodies are sufficient to mediate RP-like ischemia in murine models and are implicated in the pathogenesis of RP in patients with anti-RNP autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Ascherman
- Miami VA Medical Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Y Zang
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - I Fernandez
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - E S Clark
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - W N Khan
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - E L Greidinger
- Miami VA Medical Center and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim SY, Kim HJ, Byeon HK, Kim DH, Kim CH. FOXO3 induces ubiquitylation of AKT through MUL1 regulation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110474-110489. [PMID: 29299162 PMCID: PMC5746397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT (also known as protein kinase B, PKB) plays an important role in cell survival or tumor progression. For these reasons, AKT is an emerging target for cancer therapeutics. Previously our studies showed that mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (MUL1, also known as MULAN/GIDE/MAPL) is suppressed in head and neck cancer (HNC) and acts as negative regulator against AKT. However, the MUL1 regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we report that cisplatin (CDDP) induces thyroid cancer cell death through MUL1-AKT axis. Specifically, CDDP-induced MUL1 leads to ubiquitylation of active form of AKT. We also observed that the role of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) is pivotal in CDDP-induced MUL1 regulation. FOXO3 knock-downed cells show resistance against CDDP-mediated MUL1-AKT axis. CDDP-mediated intracellular ROS increment plays an important role in FOXO3-MUL1-AKT signal pathway. The data provide compelling evidence to support the idea that the regulation of FOXO3-MUL1-AKT axis can be a novel strategy for the treatment of HNC with CDDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yong Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kwon Byeon
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sanghvi-Shah R, Weber GF. Intermediate Filaments at the Junction of Mechanotransduction, Migration, and Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:81. [PMID: 28959689 PMCID: PMC5603733 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically induced signal transduction has an essential role in development. Cells actively transduce and respond to mechanical signals and their internal architecture must manage the associated forces while also being dynamically responsive. With unique assembly-disassembly dynamics and physical properties, cytoplasmic intermediate filaments play an important role in regulating cell shape and mechanical integrity. While this function has been recognized and appreciated for more than 30 years, continually emerging data also demonstrate important roles of intermediate filaments in cell signal transduction. In this review, with a particular focus on keratins and vimentin, the relationship between the physical state of intermediate filaments and their role in mechanotransduction signaling is illustrated through a survey of current literature. Association with adhesion receptors such as cadherins and integrins provides a critical interface through which intermediate filaments are exposed to forces from a cell's environment. As a consequence, these cytoskeletal networks are posttranslationally modified, remodeled and reorganized with direct impacts on local signal transduction events and cell migratory behaviors important to development. We propose that intermediate filaments provide an opportune platform for cells to both cope with mechanical forces and modulate signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Sanghvi-Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-NewarkNewark, NJ, United States
| | - Gregory F Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-NewarkNewark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Alharbi IA, Rouabhia M. Repeated exposure to whole cigarette smoke promotes primary human gingival epithelial cell growth and modulates keratin expression. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:630-8. [PMID: 26740170 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The gingiva is the first oral tissue directly exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Exposure to CS compromises the structure and function of gingival tissue. Damaging or altering the gingival epithelium leads to a compromised protective barrier of the periodontium, resulting in several diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of repeated exposure to CS on gingival epithelial cell growth and on expression of apoptotic protein and keratin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary human gingival epithelial cells were seeded on a collagen scaffold for 5 d to allow growth and stratification. The cells were then exposed for 5 min to whole CS for 3, 6 and 9 d. At the end of each exposure period, cell proliferation [using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays], gene expression [by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)] and protein production (by western blot analysis) were investigated. RESULTS Higher metabolic activity was found in the CS-exposed cells than in the nonexposed cells, specifically after 3 and 6 d of exposure to CS. At 9 d there was no significant difference between CS-exposed and nonexposed cells. Metabolic activity was supported by the BrdU cell-proliferation analyses, which showed increased cell growth at 3 d compared with the control. However, at 6 and 9 d, cell proliferation in the CS-exposed culture was comparable to that in the nonexposed culture. Interestingly, the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratios decreased with increased CS exposure, suggesting cell resistance. Moreover, protein analyses showed that CS decreased expression of keratin(K) 5 at 3, 6 and 9 d, and increased expression of K14 at 6 and 9 d. Finally, mRNA analyses showed significant decreases of K1, K6, K10 and K16 in CS-exposed cultures, correlating, at times, with a decrease of protein production. CONCLUSION CS was shown to increase epithelial cell proliferation, which may involve cell resistance to apoptosis. This is supported by the modulation of expression of different keratin genes and proteins. Altogether, these data may explain the hyperplasia reported in gingival tissue, as well as periodontal disease, in smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Alharbi
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - M Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arul S, Dayalan H, Jegadeesan M, Damodharan P. Induction of differentiation in psoriatic keratinocytes by propylthiouracil and fructose. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:82-6. [PMID: 27453822 PMCID: PMC4941040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and poor differentiation. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) a class III deacetylase, crucial for differentiation in normal keratinocytes, is reduced in psoriasis. Down regulated SIRT1 levels may contribute to poor differentiation in psoriasis. In addition, the levels of early differentiation factors Keratin1 (K1) and Keratin10 (K10) are depleted in psoriasis. We attempted to study a possible effect of fructose, a SIRT1 upregulator and Propylthiouracil (PTU) to augment differentiation in psoriatic keratinocytes. Keratinocytes were cultured from lesional biopsies obtained from psoriatic patients and control cells were obtained from patients undergoing abdominoplasty. Cells were treated with fructose and PTU individually. K1 and K10 transcript levels were measured to evaluate early differentiation; SIRT1 protein expression was also studied to decipher its role in the mechanism of differentiation. The K1, K10 transcript levels, SIRT1 protein and transcript levels in fructose treated psoriatic keratinocytes were improved. This suggests keratinocyte differentiation was induced by fructose through SIRT1 upregulation. Whereas PTU induced differentiation, as confirmed by improved K1, K10 transcript levels followed a non-SIRT1 mechanism. We conclude that the use of fructose and PTU may be an adjunct to the existing therapies for psoriasis. Fructose induces differentiation of psoriatic keratinocytes through SIRT1 upregulation. Propylthiouracil (PTU) improves K1 and K10 to induce differentiation in psoriasis. Fructose and PTU can be used as adjunct to existing therapies for psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Arul
- Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Haripriya Dayalan
- Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.Department of BiotechnologyRajalakshmi Engineering College, ThandalamChennaiTamil Nadu602105India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Roux A, Gilbert S, Loranger A, Marceau N. Impact of keratin intermediate filaments on insulin-mediated glucose metabolism regulation in the liver and disease association. FASEB J 2015; 30:491-502. [PMID: 26467793 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In all cells, a tight regulation exists between glucose uptake and utilization to prevent diseases related to its perturbed metabolism. In insulin-targeted cells, such as hepatocytes, proper glucose utilization requires an elaborate interplay between the insulin receptor, the glucose transporter, and mitochondria that involves the participation of actin microfilaments and microtubules. In addition, there is increasing evidence of an involvement of the third cytoskeletal network provided by intermediate filaments (IFs). Keratins belong to the multigene family of IF proteins, coordinately expressed as distinct pairs within the context of epithelial cell differentiation. Hepatocyte IFs are made up of the [keratin (K)8/K18] pair only, whereas pancreatic β-cell IFs additionally include small amounts of K7. There are accumulating examples of K8/K18 involvement in the glucose-insulin cross-talk, including the modulation of plasma glucose levels, insulin release from pancreatic β-cells, and insulin-mediated glucose uptake and glycogen production in hepatocytes after a K8/K18 loss. This review integrates the mechanistic features that support such an impact of K8/K18 IFs on insulin-dependent glucose metabolism regulation in liver and its implication in glucose- or insulin-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roux
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Gilbert
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Loranger
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Normand Marceau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guerra L, Diociaiuti A, El Hachem M, Castiglia D, Zambruno G. Ichthyosis with confetti: clinics, molecular genetics and management. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:115. [PMID: 26381864 PMCID: PMC4573700 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ichthyosis with confetti (IWC) is an autosomal dominant congenital ichthyosis also known as ichthyosis variegata or congenital reticular ichthyosiform erythroderma. It manifests at birth with generalized ichthyosiform erythroderma or with a collodion baby picture. The erythrodermic and ichthyotic phenotype persists during life and its severity may modify. However, the hallmark of the disease is the appearance, in childhood or later in life, of healthy skin confetti-like spots, which increase in number and size with time. IWC is a very rare genodermatosis, with a prevalence <1/1,000,000 and only 40 cases reported worldwide. The most important associated clinical features include ear deformities, mammillae hypoplasia, palmoplantar keratoderma, hypertrichosis and ectropion. IWC is due to dominant negative mutations in the KRT10 and KRT1 genes, encoding for keratins 10 and keratin 1, respectively. In this context, healthy skin confetti-like spots represent “repaired” skin due to independent events of reversion of keratin gene mutations via mitotic recombination. In most cases, IWC clinical suspicion is delayed until the detection of white skin spots. Clinical features, which may represent hint to the diagnosis of IWC even before appearance of confetti-like spots, include ear and mammillae hypoplasia, the progressive development of hypertrichosis and, in some patients, of adherent verrucous plaques of hyperkeratosis. Altogether the histopathological finding of keratinocyte vacuolization and the nuclear staining for keratin 10 and keratin 1 by immunofluorescence are pathognomonic. Nevertheless, mutational analysis of KRT10 or KRT1 genes is at present the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis. IWC has to be differentiated mainly from congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Differential diagnosis also includes syndromic ichthyoses, in particular Netherton syndrome, and the keratinopathic ichthyoses. Most of reported IWC cases are sporadic, but familial cases with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance have been also described. Therefore, knowledge of the mutation is the only way to properly counsel the couples. No specific and satisfactory therapy is currently available for IWC. Like for other congenital ichthyoses, topical treatments (mainly emollients and keratolytics) are symptomatic and offer only temporary relief. Among systemic treatments, retinoids, in particular acitretin, improve disease symptoms in most patients. Although at present there is no curative therapy for ichthyoses, treatments have improved considerably over the years and the best therapy for each patient is always the result of both physician and patient efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim HJ, Choi WJ, Lee CH. Phosphorylation and Reorganization of Keratin Networks: Implications for Carcinogenesis and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:301-12. [PMID: 26157545 PMCID: PMC4489823 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of hallmarks of cancer and a major cause of cancer death. Combatting metastasis is highly challenging. To overcome these difficulties, researchers have focused on physical properties of metastatic cancer cells. Metastatic cancer cells from patients are softer than benign cancer or normal cells. Changes of viscoelasticity of cancer cells are related to the keratin network. Unexpectedly, keratin network is dynamic and regulation of keratin network is important to the metastasis of cancer. Keratin is composed of heteropolymer of type I and II. Keratin connects from the plasma membrane to nucleus. Several proteins including kinases, and protein phosphatases bind to keratin intermediate filaments. Several endogenous compounds or toxic compounds induce phosphorylation and reorganization of keratin network in cancer cells, leading to increased migration. Continuous phosphorylation of keratin results in loss of keratin, which is one of the features of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, several proteins involved in phosphorylation and reorganization of keratin also have a role in EMT. It is likely that compounds controlling phosphorylation and reorganization of keratin are potential candidates for combating EMT and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fortier AM, Asselin E, Cadrin M. Functional specificity of Akt isoforms in cancer progression. Biomol Concepts 2015; 2:1-11. [PMID: 25962016 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2011.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt/PKB kinases are central mediators of cell homeostasis. There are three highly homologous Akt isoforms, Akt1/PKBα, Akt2/PKBβ and Akt3/PKBγ. Hyperactivation of Akt signaling is a key node in the progression of a variety of human cancer, by modulating tumor growth, chemoresistance and cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. It is now clear that, to understand the mechanisms on how Akt affects specific cancer cells, it is necessary to consider the relative importance of each of the three Akt isoforms in the altered cells. Akt1 is involved in tumor growth, cancer cell invasion and chemoresistance and is the predominant altered isoform found in various carcinomas. Akt2 is related to cancer cell invasion, metastasis and survival more than tumor induction. Most of the Akt2 alterations are observed in breast, ovarian, pancreatic and colorectal carcinomas. As Akt3 expression is limited to some tissues, its implication in tumor growth and resistance to drugs mostly occurs in melanomas, gliomas and some breast carcinomas. To explain how Akt isoforms can play different or even opposed roles, three mechanisms have been proposed: tissue-specificity expression/activation of Akt isoforms, distinct effect on same substrate as well as specific localization through the cyto-skeleton network. It is becoming clear that to develop an effective anticancer Akt inhibitor drug, it is necessary to target the specific Akt isoform which promotes the progression of the specific tumor.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang CI, Wang CL, Wu YC, Feng HP, Liu PJ, Chang YS, Yu JS, Yu CJ. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals a Novel Role of Karyopherin Alpha 2 in Cell Migration through the Regulation of Vimentin–pErk Protein Complex Levels in Lung Cancer. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1739-51. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Wang
- Molecular
Medicine Research Center, ‡Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, and §Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, ⊥Division of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- Molecular
Medicine Research Center, ‡Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, and §Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, ⊥Division of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Wu
- Molecular
Medicine Research Center, ‡Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, and §Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, ⊥Division of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Pu Feng
- Molecular
Medicine Research Center, ‡Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, and §Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, ⊥Division of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Molecular
Medicine Research Center, ‡Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, and §Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, ⊥Division of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular
Medicine Research Center, ‡Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, and §Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, ⊥Division of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Molecular
Medicine Research Center, ‡Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, and §Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, ⊥Division of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Molecular
Medicine Research Center, ‡Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, and §Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, ⊥Division of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Regulation of keratin network organization. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 32:56-64. [PMID: 25594948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Keratins form the major intermediate filament cytoskeleton of epithelia and are assembled from heterodimers of 28 type I and 26 type II keratins in cell- and differentiation-dependent patterns. By virtue of their primary sequence composition, interactions with cell adhesion complexes and components of major signaling cascades, keratins act as targets and effectors of mechanical force and chemical signals to determine cell mechanics, epithelial cohesion and modulate signaling in keratin isotype-specific manners. Therefore, cell-specific keratin expression and organization impact on cell growth, migration and invasion. Here, we review the recent literature, focusing on the question how keratin networks are regulated and how the interplay of keratins with adhesion complexes affects these processes and provides a framework to understand keratins contribution to blistering and inflammatory disorders and to tumor metastasis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Qin H, Zhang X, Ye F, Zhong L. High-fat diet-induced changes in liver thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase as a novel feature of insulin resistance. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:928-35. [PMID: 25426412 PMCID: PMC4239481 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) can induce oxidative stress. Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are critical antioxidant proteins but how they are affected by HFD remains unclear. Using HFD-induced insulin-resistant mouse model, we show here that liver Trx and TrxR are significantly decreased, but, remarkably, the degree of their S-acylation is increased after consuming HFD. These HFD-induced changes in Trx/TrxR may reflect abnormalities of lipid metabolism and insulin signaling transduction. HFD-driven accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal is another potential mechanism behind inactivation and decreased expression of Trx/TrxR. Thus, we propose HFD-induced impairment of liver Trx/TrxR as major contributor to oxidative stress and as a novel feature of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- ASK-1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1
- Gpx, glutathione peroxidase
- HFD, high-fat diet
- High-fat diet
- IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate-1
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Insulin resistance
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- PTP-1B, protein-tyrosine phophatase-1B
- S-acylation
- Thioredoxin
- Thioredoxin reductase
- Trx, thioredoxin
- TrxR, thioredoxin reductase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Qin
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Perking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Perking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Liangwei Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fattahi S, Kazemipour N, Hashemi M, Sepehrimanesh M. Alpha-1 antitrypsin, retinol binding protein and keratin 10 alterations in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, a proteomic approach. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 17:651-5. [PMID: 25691940 PMCID: PMC4322147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. Although psoriasis is clinically and histologically well characterized, its pathogenesis is unknown in detail. The aims of this study were to evaluate the proteome of psoriatic patients' sera and to compare them with those of normal healthy human to find valuable biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a case-control study, twenty cases of white patients with psoriasis vulgaris, 10 males and 10 females and sixteen healthy controls, 8 males and 8 females were enrolled in the study. The serum protein expression patterns obtained after depletion of albumin were compared by using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled to MALDI/TOF-TOF to identify disease associated proteins. RESULTS Differential expression of nine protein spots representing four unique proteins including alpha-1 antitrypsin, retinol binding protein, keratin 10 and an unknown protein (with pI 6.47 and molecular weight of 19941 Da), between psoriatic and healthy human serum were found. Furthermore, expression of four new alpha-1 antitrypsin isoforms with different molecular weight and isoelectric point were observed in psoriatic serums in this research for the first time. CONCLUSION A unique proteomic profiling with abnormal expression of alpha-1 antitrypsin and presence of keratin 10 in sera of psoriasis patients were observed that may constitute new and useful findings of psoriasis and offer a clue to a better understanding of the inflammatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Kazemipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Nasrin Kazemipour, Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, PO. Box: 71345-1731, Shiraz, Iran. Tel: +98-711-6138640; Fax: +98-711-2286940;
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Masood Sepehrimanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kitagawa N, Inai Y, Higuchi Y, Iida H, Inai T. Inhibition of JNK in HaCaT cells induced tight junction formation with decreased expression of cytokeratin 5, cytokeratin 17 and desmoglein 3. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:389-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Modulation of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin expression as part of the complex response of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT to ultraviolet radiation. Interdiscip Toxicol 2014; 6:203-8. [PMID: 24678259 PMCID: PMC3945759 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light evokes a complex stress response in keratinocytes. Keratin filament organization provides structural stability and mechanical integrity of keratinocytes. Involucrin is a transglutaminase substrate protein contributing to the formation of insoluble cornified envelopes. However, a more complex role for keratins and involucrin has been proposed, including the regulation of cell stress response. The aim was to evaluate modulations of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin expression in HaCaT in the light of the complex response of these cells to UV-B radiation, including effects on c-Jun and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) gene expression and production of interleukin (IL) 6 and 8. A UV-B (300±5 nm) dose of 10 mJ/cm2 was selected since this dose resulted in a partial decrease in cell viability in contrast to higher UV-B doses, which induced complete cell death 48 h after treatment. The UV-B radiation induced significant expression of keratin 1 and 10 and decreased expression of involucrin. This was accompanied by increased expression of c-Jun and MMP-1 and IL-6 and IL-8 production. The data suggest that the expression of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin is modulated in HaCaT keratinocytes as a part of the complex stress response to UV radiation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ramakrishnan SK, Varshney A, Sharma A, Das BC, Yadava PK. Expression of targeted ribozyme against telomerase RNA causes altered expression of several other genes in tumor cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5539-50. [PMID: 24664581 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are tandem repeat sequences present at chromosome end that are synthesized by RNA-protein enzyme called telomerase. The RNA component (TR) serves as template for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) for generating telomere repeats. TERT is overexpressed in actively dividing cells including cancerous cells, absent in differentiated somatic cells whereas human telomerase RNA (hTR) is present in normal as well as in cancer cells. Telomerase overexpression in cancer cells ensures telomere length maintenance that actually provides proliferative advantage to cells. Stable expression of ribozyme against hTR in HeLa cells results in reduction of hTR levels, telomerase activity, and telomere length which is accompanied by altered cell morphology and expression of several specific cellular genes. The altered genes deduced from differentially display PCR and 2D gel electrophoresis upon hTR knockdown have function in ribosome biogenesis, chromatin modulation, cell cycle control, and p63-dependant pathways. Our observations shows hTR participates in diverse cellular functions other than telomere maintenance, validates as a possible drug targets in p53- and pRB-negative status, and indicated possible cross-talks between telomerase and other cellular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Ramakrishnan
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Beyond expectations: novel insights into epidermal keratin function and regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 311:265-306. [PMID: 24952920 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800179-0.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified epithelium that relies on its cytoskeleton and cell junctions to protect the body against mechanical injury, dehydration, and infections. Keratin intermediate filament proteins are involved in many of these functions by forming cell-specific cytoskeletal scaffolds crucial for the maintenance of cell and tissue integrity. In response to various stresses, the expression and organization of keratins are altered at transcriptional and posttranslational levels to restore tissue homeostasis. Failure to restore tissue homeostasis in the presence of keratin gene mutations results in acute and chronic skin disorders for which currently no rational therapies are available. Here, we review the recent progress on the role of keratins in cytoarchitecture, adhesion, signaling, and inflammation. By focusing on epidermal keratins, we illustrate the contribution of keratin isotypes to differentiated epithelial functions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Thymic epithelial cell expansion through matricellular protein CYR61 boosts progenitor homing and T-cell output. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2842. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
32
|
Castilho RM, Squarize CH, Gutkind JS. Exploiting PI3K/mTOR signaling to accelerate epithelial wound healing. Oral Dis 2013; 19:551-8. [PMID: 23379329 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecular circuitries controlling the process of skin wound healing have gained new significant insights in recent years. This knowledge is built on landmark studies on skin embryogenesis, maturation, and differentiation. Furthermore, the identification, characterization, and elucidation of the biological roles of adult skin epithelial stem cells and their influence in tissue homeostasis have provided the foundation for the overall understanding of the process of skin wound healing and tissue repair. Among numerous signaling pathways associated with epithelial functions, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling route has gained substantial attention with the generation of animal models capable of dissecting individual components of the pathway, thereby providing a novel insight into the molecular framework underlying skin homeostasis and tissue regeneration. In this review, we focus on recent findings regarding the mechanisms involved in wound healing associated with the upregulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR circuitry. This review highlights critical findings on the molecular mechanisms controlling the activation of mTOR, a downstream component of the PI3K-PTEN pathway, which is directly involved in epithelial migration and proliferation. We discuss how this emerging information can be exploited for the development of novel pharmacological intervention strategies to accelerate the healing of critical size wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pan X, Hobbs RP, Coulombe PA. The expanding significance of keratin intermediate filaments in normal and diseased epithelia. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:47-56. [PMID: 23270662 PMCID: PMC3578078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are assembled from a diverse group of evolutionary conserved proteins and are specified in a tissue-dependent, cell type-dependent, and context-dependent fashion in the body. Genetic mutations in intermediate filament proteins account for a large number of diseases, ranging from skin fragility conditions to cardiomyopathies and premature aging. Keratins, the epithelial-specific intermediate filaments, are now recognized as multi-faceted effectors in their native context. In this review, we emphasize the recent progress made in defining the role of keratins towards the regulation of cytoarchitecture, cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, and cell motility during embryonic development, in normal adult tissues, and in select diseases such as cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Pan
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan P. Hobbs
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pierre A. Coulombe
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Black AR, Black JD. Protein kinase C signaling and cell cycle regulation. Front Immunol 2013; 3:423. [PMID: 23335926 PMCID: PMC3547298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A link between T cell proliferation and the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases has been recognized for about 30 years. However, despite the wealth of information on PKC-mediated control of, T cell activation, understanding of the effects of PKCs on the cell cycle machinery in this cell type remains limited. Studies in other systems have revealed important cell cycle-specific effects of PKC signaling that can either positively or negatively impact proliferation. The outcome of PKC activation is highly context-dependent, with the precise cell cycle target(s) and overall effects determined by the specific isozyme involved, the timing of PKC activation, the cell type, and the signaling environment. Although PKCs can regulate all stages of the cell cycle, they appear to predominantly affect G0/G1 and G2. PKCs can modulate multiple cell cycle regulatory molecules, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), cdk inhibitors and cdc25 phosphatases; however, evidence points to Cip/Kip cdk inhibitors and D-type cyclins as key mediators of PKC-regulated cell cycle-specific effects. Several PKC isozymes can target Cip/Kip proteins to control G0/G1 → S and/or G2 → M transit, while effects on D-type cyclins regulate entry into and progression through G1. Analysis of PKC signaling in T cells has largely focused on its roles in T cell activation; thus, observed cell cycle effects are mainly positive. A prominent role is emerging for PKCθ, with non-redundant functions of other isozymes also described. Additional evidence points to PKCδ as a negative regulator of the cell cycle in these cells. As in other cell types, context-dependent effects of individual isozymes have been noted in T cells, and Cip/Kip cdk inhibitors and D-type cyclins appear to be major PKC targets. Future studies are anticipated to take advantage of the similarities between these various systems to enhance understanding of PKC-mediated cell cycle regulation in T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiang F, Wang C, Li R, Sheng Q, Hu C, Zhang R, Fang Q, Bao Y, Xiang K, Zeng R, Jia W. Serum Proteome Changes in Healthy Subjects with Different Genotypes of NOS1AP in the Chinese Population. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:357630. [PMID: 23671866 PMCID: PMC3647583 DOI: 10.1155/2013/357630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications have become a worldwide epidemic nowadays. However, its molecular mechanism is still unknown. We have previously identified a novel variant rs12742393 of NOS1AP for type 2 diabetes susceptibility in the Chinese population. In this study, we analyzed the total serum profiling among three genotypes of rs12742393 to discover potential crosstalk under the variant and the disease through proteomic analyses for the first time. We used OFFGEL peptide fractionation, LC-MS/MS analysis, and label-free quantification to profile the fasting human serum samples of the genotypes in rs12742393 (n = 4, for CC, AC, and AA, resp.). Four proteins were identified, including apoA4, alpha1-ACT, HABP2, and keratin 10, with blood levels changed significantly between CC and AA homozygotes of rs12742393. Compared with AA group, the levels of apoA4 increased (P = 0.000265), whereas the concentration of alpha1-ACT, HABP2, and keratin 10 decreased in CC group (P = 0.011116, 0.021175, and 0.015661, resp.). Then we selected additional fasting serum samples for ELISA and western blot validation. However, no significant differences were identified by neither ELISA nor western blot (P > 0.05). The protein profiling changes between the genotypes of rs12742393 indicated that this SNP might play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Congrong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qichen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Kunsan Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- *Weiping Jia:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bornachea O, Santos M, Martínez-Cruz AB, García-Escudero R, Dueñas M, Costa C, Segrelles C, Lorz C, Buitrago A, Saiz-Ladera C, Agirre X, Grande T, Paradela B, Maraver A, Ariza JM, Prosper F, Serrano M, Sánchez-Céspedes M, Paramio JM. EMT and induction of miR-21 mediate metastasis development in Trp53-deficient tumours. Sci Rep 2012; 2:434. [PMID: 22666537 PMCID: PMC3364492 DOI: 10.1038/srep00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in TP53 gene promote metastasis in human tumours. However, little is known about the complete loss of function of p53 in tumour metastasis. Here we show that squamous cell carcinomas generated by the specific ablation of Trp53 gene in mouse epidermis are highly metastatic. Biochemical and genome-wide mRNA and miRNA analyses demonstrated that metastases are associated with the early induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and deregulated miRNA expression in primary tumours. Increased expression of miR-21 was observed in undifferentiated, prometastatic mouse tumours and in human tumours characterized by p53 mutations and distant metastasis. The augmented expression of miR-21, mediated by active mTOR and Stat3 signalling, conferred increased invasive properties to mouse keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo, whereas blockade of miR-21 in a metastatic spindle cell line inhibits metastasis development. Collectively these data identify novel molecular mechanisms leading to metastasis in vivo originated by p53 loss in epithelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bornachea
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shivshankar P. Modulation of bacterial pathogenesis by oppressive aging factors: insights into host-pneumococcal interaction strategies. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2012; 2012:267101. [PMID: 24049644 PMCID: PMC3765745 DOI: 10.5402/2012/267101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumonia, (Spn, the pneumococcus), is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and is responsible for 15–40% deaths in the elderly worldwide. A primed inflammatory status is a significant risk factor for the increased severity of infectious diseases among the elderly (≥65 years of age). Studies have shown that expression of host receptors that the pneumococci bind to invade the tissues are increased thereby increasing the susceptibility to pneumococcal challenge in aged mice. Cellular senescence, an age-related phenomenon that leads to cell cycle arrest may also contribute to increased inflammation in aged mice. Evidence of cellular senescence in aged lungs of humans and mice adds credits to the concept of inflammaging and enhanced bacterial ligands expression during aging. Furthermore, cell senescence has been shown to occur in age-associated lung pathologies such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that may predispose the elderly to pathogenic assaults, including S. pneumoniae. This review highlights the aspects of: chronic inflammation in the aged population; contribution of cellular senescence to age-associated inflammation and their impact on host receptor expression; and, increased susceptibility of fibrosis and emphysematous lesions-bearing lungs to microbial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Miyoshi S, Yamazaki S, Uchiumi A, Katagata Y. The Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG represses calcium-induced cytokeratin 1 and 10 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:47-50. [PMID: 23650580 PMCID: PMC3642114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is essential for maintaining the activity of numerous signaling factors, and plays a key role in cellular signal transduction networks. 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is an ansamycin antibiotic that binds to Hsp90 and inhibits its function. HaCaT human keratinocytes were used to investigate the cellular and molecular functions of Hsp90 in keratinocyte differentiation. Inhibition of Hsp90 by 17-AAG leads to downregulation of the differentiation markers cytokeratin 1 and cytokeratin 10 at the protein and mRNA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadanori Miyoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt functions in multiple cellular processes, including cell survival and tumor development. Studies of the mechanisms that negatively regulate Akt have focused on dephosphorylation-mediated inactivation. In this study, we identified a negative regulator of Akt, MULAN, which possesses both a RING finger domain and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Akt was found to directly interact with MULAN and to be ubiquitinated by MULAN in vitro and in vivo. Other molecular assays demonstrated that phosphorylated Akt is a substantive target for both interaction with MULAN and ubiquitination by MULAN. The results of the functional studies suggest that the degradation of Akt by MULAN suppresses cell proliferation and viability. These data provide insight into the Akt ubiquitination signaling network.
Collapse
|
40
|
Pitre A, Davis N, Paul M, Orr AW, Skalli O. Synemin promotes AKT-dependent glioblastoma cell proliferation by antagonizing PP2A. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1243-53. [PMID: 22337773 PMCID: PMC3315805 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synemin is an intermediate filament protein present in glioblastomas (GBMs) but not in normal brain. In GBM cells synemin interacts with and antagonizes PP2A, which is the phosphatase dephosphorylating Akt. This maintains the phosphorylation status of Akt sites that are substrates for PDPK1 and mTORc2, thereby fostering proliferation. The intermediate filament protein synemin is present in astrocyte progenitors and glioblastoma cells but not in mature astrocytes. Here we demonstrate a role for synemin in enhancing glioblastoma cell proliferation and clonogenic survival, as synemin RNA interference decreased both behaviors by inducing G1 arrest along with Rb hypophosphorylation and increased protein levels of the G1/S inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. Akt involvement was demonstrated by decreased phosphorylation of its substrate, p21Cip1, and reduced Akt catalytic activity and phosphorylation at essential activation sites. Synemin silencing, however, did not affect the activities of PDPK1 and mTOR complex 2, which directly phosphorylate Akt activation sites, but instead enhanced the activity of the major regulator of Akt dephosphorylation, protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A). This was accompanied by changes in PP2A subcellular distribution resulting in increased physical interactions between PP2A and Akt, as shown by proximity ligation assays (PLAs). PLAs and immunoprecipitation experiments further revealed that synemin and PP2A form a protein complex. In addition, treatment of synemin-silenced cells with the PP2A inhibitor cantharidic acid resulted in proliferation and pAkt and pRb levels similar to those of controls. Collectively these results indicate that synemin positively regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation by helping sequester PP2A away from Akt, thereby favoring Akt activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Pitre
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li B, Cerione RA, Antonyak M. Tissue transglutaminase and its role in human cancer progression. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 78:247-93. [PMID: 22220476 DOI: 10.1002/9781118105771.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shivshankar P, Boyd AR, Le Saux CJ, Yeh IT, Orihuela CJ. Cellular senescence increases expression of bacterial ligands in the lungs and is positively correlated with increased susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia. Aging Cell 2011; 10:798-806. [PMID: 21615674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an age-associated phenomenon that promotes tumor invasiveness owing to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, proteases, and growth factors. Herein we demonstrate that cellular senescence also potentially increases susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), the leading cause of infectious death in the elderly. Aged mice had increased lung inflammation as determined by cytokine analysis and histopathology of lung sections. Immunoblotting for p16, pRb, and mH2A showed that elderly humans and aged mice had increased levels of these senescence markers in their lungs vs. young controls. Keratin 10 (K10), laminin receptor (LR), and platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr), host proteins known to be co-opted for bacterial adhesion, were also increased. Aged mice were found to be highly susceptible to pneumococcal challenge in a PsrP, the pneumococcal adhesin that binds K10, dependent manner. In vitro senescent A549 lung epithelial cells had elevated K10 and LR protein levels and were up to 5-fold more permissive for bacterial adhesion. Additionally, exposure of normal cells to conditioned media from senescent cells doubled PAFr levels and pneumococcal adherence. Genotoxic stress induced by bleomycin and oxidative stress enhanced susceptibility of young mice to pneumonia and was positively correlated with enhanced p16, inflammation, and LR levels. These findings suggest that cellular senescence facilitates bacterial adhesion to cells in the lungs and provides an additional molecular mechanism for the increased incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. This study is the first to suggest a second negative consequence for the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alam H, Sehgal L, Kundu ST, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Novel function of keratins 5 and 14 in proliferation and differentiation of stratified epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4068-78. [PMID: 21900500 PMCID: PMC3204069 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-08-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin expression in stratified epithelia is tightly regulated during squamous cell differentiation. Keratins 5 and 14 are expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells, but their function is not well defined. Reported here is the possible role of K14 in regulation of cell proliferation/differentiation in stratified epithelial cells. Keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins preferentially expressed by epithelial tissues in a site-specific and differentiation-dependent manner. The complex network of keratin filaments in stratified epithelia is tightly regulated during squamous cell differentiation. Keratin 14 (K14) is expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells, along with its partner keratin 5 (K5), and their expression is down-regulated as cells differentiate. Apart from the cytoprotective functions of K14, very little is known about K14 regulatory functions, since the K14 knockout mice show postnatal lethality. In this study, K14 expression was inhibited using RNA interference in cell lines derived from stratified epithelia to study the K14 functions in epithelial homeostasis. The K14 knockdown clones demonstrated substantial decreases in the levels of the K14 partner K5. These cells showed reduction in cell proliferation and delay in cell cycle progression, along with decreased phosphorylated Akt levels. K14 knockdown cells also exhibited enhanced levels of activated Notch1, involucrin, and K1. In addition, K14 knockdown AW13516 cells showed significant reduction in tumorigenicity. Our results suggest that K5 and K14 may have a role in maintenance of cell proliferation potential in the basal layer of stratified epithelia, modulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt–mediated cell proliferation and/or Notch1-dependent cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Howie HL, Koop JI, Weese J, Robinson K, Wipf G, Kim L, Galloway DA. Beta-HPV 5 and 8 E6 promote p300 degradation by blocking AKT/p300 association. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002211. [PMID: 21901101 PMCID: PMC3161984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The E6 oncoprotein from high-risk genus alpha human papillomaviruses (α-HPVs), such as HPV 16, has been well characterized with respect to the host-cell proteins it interacts with and corresponding signaling pathways that are disrupted due to these interactions. Less is known regarding the interacting partners of E6 from the genus beta papillomaviruses (β-HPVs); however, it is generally thought that β-HPV E6 proteins do not interact with many of the proteins known to bind to α-HPV E6. Here we identify p300 as a protein that interacts directly with E6 from both α- and β-HPV types. Importantly, this association appears much stronger with β-HPV types 5 and 8-E6 than with α-HPV type 16-E6 or β-HPV type 38-E6. We demonstrate that the enhanced association between 5/8-E6 and p300 leads to p300 degradation in a proteasomal-dependent but E6AP-independent manner. Rather, 5/8-E6 inhibit the association of AKT with p300, an event necessary to ensure p300 stability within the cell. Finally, we demonstrate that the decreased p300 protein levels concomitantly affect downstream signaling events, such as the expression of differentiation markers K1, K10 and Involucrin. Together, these results demonstrate a unique way in which β-HPV E6 proteins are able to affect host-cell signaling in a manner distinct from that of the α-HPVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Howie
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer I. Koop
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joleen Weese
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristin Robinson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Greg Wipf
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leslie Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Denise A. Galloway
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cecconi D, Palmieri M, Donadelli M. Proteomics in pancreatic cancer research. Proteomics 2011; 11:816-28. [PMID: 21229586 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we give an overview of the actual role of proteomic technologies in the study of pancreatic cancers (PCs). We describe PC proteomics on the basis of sample origins, i.e. tissues, body fluids, and PC cell lines. As regards PC tissues, we report the identification of a number of candidate biomarkers of precursor lesions that may allow early diagnosis of this neoplasia. Moreover, we describe cytoskeletal and hypoxia-regulated proteins that confirm the involvement of cytoskeleton modifications and metabolism adaptations in carcinogenesis. We also discuss the most important biomarkers identified by proteomic analysis involved in local invasion and distant metastasis, and in the cross-talk between pancreatic tumor and the surrounding stroma. Furthermore, we report novel candidate biomarkers identified in serum, plasma, and pancreatic juice of cancer patients compared with cancer-free controls. Proteomic alterations in PC cell line models as compared to normal controls and studies on cell lines treated with drugs or new agents to understand their mechanism of pharmacological action or the onset of drug resistance are also presented. Finally, we discuss the recent improvements obtained in classical 2-DE and high-throughput proteomic strategies able to allow the overcoming of relevant proteomic drawbacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Obarzanek-Fojt M, Favre B, Huber M, Ryser S, Moodycliffe A, Wipff PJ, Hinz B, Hohl D. Induction of p38, tumour necrosis factor-α and RANTES by mechanical stretching of keratinocytes expressing mutant keratin 10R156H. Br J Dermatol 2010; 164:125-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
47
|
Rotty JD, Hart GW, Coulombe PA. Stressing the role of O-GlcNAc: linking cell survival to keratin modification. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:847-9. [PMID: 20811358 DOI: 10.1038/ncb0910-847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that keratin post-translational modifications are crucial for many cellular processes. Now, keratin 18 modified by the addition of an O-linked N-acetylglucosamine residue is shown to be as a critical effector of stress-responsive Akt signalling, providing an important link between keratin glycosylation and cell survival.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ku NO, Toivola DM, Strnad P, Omary MB. Cytoskeletal keratin glycosylation protects epithelial tissue from injury. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:876-85. [PMID: 20729838 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Keratins 8 and 18 (K8 and K18) are heteropolymeric intermediate filament phosphoglycoproteins of simple-type epithelia. Mutations in K8 and K18 predispose the affected individual to liver disease as they protect hepatocytes from apoptosis. K18 undergoes dynamic O-linked N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation at Ser 30, 31 and 49. We investigated the function of K18 glycosylation by generating mice that overexpress human K18 S30/31/49A substitution mutants that cannot be glycosylated (K18-Gly(-)), and compared the susceptibility of these mice to injury with wild-type and other keratin-mutant mice. K18-Gly(-) mice are more susceptible to liver and pancreatic injury and apoptosis induced by streptozotocin or to liver injury by combined N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase inhibition and Fas administration. The enhanced apoptosis in the livers of mice that express K18-Gly(-) involves the inactivation of Akt1 and protein kinase Ctheta as a result of their site-specific hypophosphorylation. Akt1 binds to K8, which probably contributes to the reciprocal hyperglycosylation and hypophosphorylation of Akt1 that occurs on K18 hypoglycosylation, and leads to decreased Akt1 kinase activity. Therefore, K18 glycosylation provides a unique protective role in epithelial injury by promoting the phosphorylation and activation of cell-survival kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam-On Ku
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7744 Medical Science II, 1301 East Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Protein Kinase B (PKB/Akt), a Key Mediator of the PI3K Signaling Pathway. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010; 346:31-56. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
50
|
La Clair JJ. Natural product mode of action (MOA) studies: a link between natural and synthetic worlds. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:969-95. [DOI: 10.1039/b909989c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|