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Atanasoff KE, Parsons AJ, Ophir SI, Lurain N, Kraus T, Moran T, Duty JA, Tortorella D. A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody generated from transgenic mice immunized with HCMV particles limits virus infection and proliferation. J Virol 2024; 98:e0021324. [PMID: 38832789 PMCID: PMC11264687 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00213-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpesvirus that poses severe disease risk for immunocompromised patients who experience primary infection or reactivation. Development and optimization of safe and effective anti-HCMV therapeutics is of urgent necessity for the prevention and treatment of HCMV-associated diseases in diverse populations. The use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to limit HCMV infection poses a promising therapeutic strategy, as anti-HCMV mAbs largely inhibit infection by targeting virion glycoprotein complexes. In contrast, the small-molecule compounds currently approved for patients (e.g., ganciclovir, letermovir, and maribavir) target later stages of the HCMV life cycle. Here, we present a broadly neutralizing human mAb, designated 1C10, elicited from a VelocImmune mouse immunized with infectious HCMV particles. Clone 1C10 neutralizes infection after virion binding to cells by targeting gH/gL envelope complexes and potently reduces infection of diverse HCMV strains in fibroblast, trophoblast, and epithelial cells. Antibody competition assays found that 1C10 recognizes a region of gH associated with broad neutralization and binds to soluble pentamer in the low nanomolar range. Importantly, 1C10 treatment significantly reduced virus proliferation in both fibroblast and epithelial cells. Further, the combination treatment of mAb 1C10 with ganciclovir reduced HCMV infection and proliferation in a synergistic manner. This work characterizes a neutralizing human mAb for potential use as a HCMV treatment, as well as a possible therapeutic strategy utilizing combination-based treatments targeting disparate steps of the viral life cycle. Collectively, the findings support an antibody-based therapy to effectively treat patients at risk for HCMV-associated diseases. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus is a herpesvirus that infects a large proportion of the population and can cause significant disease in diverse patient populations whose immune systems are suppressed or compromised. The development and optimization of safe anti-HCMV therapeutics, especially those that have viral targets and inhibition mechanisms different from current HCMV treatments, are of urgent necessity to better public health. Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that prevent HCMV entry of cells were identified by immunizing transgenic mice and screened for broad and effective neutralization capability. Here, we describe one such mAb, which was found to target gH/gL envelope complexes and effectively limit HCMV infection and dissemination. Further, administration of the antibody in combination with the antiviral drug ganciclovir inhibited HCMV in a synergistic manner, highlighting this approach and the use of anti-HCMV mAbs more broadly, as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E. Atanasoff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea J. Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sabrina I. Ophir
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nell Lurain
- Department of Immunology-Microbiology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Moran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - J. Andrew Duty
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Sabbaghian M, Gheitasi H, Fadaee M, Javadi Henafard H, Tavakoli A, Shekarchi AA, Poortahmasebi V. Human cytomegalovirus microRNAs: strategies for immune evasion and viral latency. Arch Virol 2024; 169:157. [PMID: 38969819 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Viruses use various strategies and mechanisms to deal with cells and proteins of the immune system that form a barrier against infection. One of these mechanisms is the encoding and production of viral microRNAs (miRNAs), whose function is to regulate the gene expression of the host cell and the virus, thus creating a suitable environment for survival and spreading viral infection. miRNAs are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that can regulate the expression of host and viral proteins, and due to their non-immunogenic nature, they are not eliminated by the cells of the immune system. More than half of the viral miRNAs are encoded and produced by Orthoherpesviridae family members. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) produces miRNAs that mediate various processes in infected cells to contribute to HCMV pathogenicity, including immune escape, viral latency, and cell apoptosis. Here, we discuss which cellular and viral proteins or cellular pathways and processes these mysterious molecules target to evade immunity and support viral latency in infected cells. We also discuss current evidence that their function of bypassing the host's innate and adaptive immune system is essential for the survival and multiplication of the virus and the spread of HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sabbaghian
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Gheitasi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Fadaee
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Valencia SM, Rochat E, Harnois MJ, Dennis M, Webster HS, Hora B, Kumar A, Wang HYS, Li L, Freed D, Zhang N, An Z, Wang D, Permar SR. Vaccination with a replication-defective cytomegalovirus vaccine elicits a glycoprotein B-specific monoclonal antibody repertoire distinct from natural infection. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:154. [PMID: 37816743 PMCID: PMC10564777 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious congenital infection globally and the most common viral infection in transplant recipients, therefore identifying a vaccine for HCMV is a top priority. Humoral immunity is a correlate of protection for HCMV infection. The most effective vaccine tested to date, which achieved 50% reduction in acquisition of HCMV, was comprised of the glycoprotein B protein given with an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant MF59. We characterize gB-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from individuals vaccinated with a disabled infectious single cycle (DISC) CMV vaccine, V160, and compare these to the gB-specific monoclonal antibody repertoire isolated from naturally-infected individuals. We find that vaccination with V160 resulted in gB-specific antibodies that bound homogenously to gB expressed on the surface of a cell in contrast to antibodies isolated from natural infection which variably bound to cell-associated gB. Vaccination resulted in a similar breadth of gB-specific antibodies, with binding profile to gB genotypes 1-5 comparable to that of natural infection. Few gB-specific neutralizing antibodies were isolated from V160 vaccinees and fewer antibodies had identifiable gB antigenic domain specificity compared to that of naturally-infected individuals. We also show that glycosylation of gB residue N73 may shield binding of gB-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Valencia
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Eric Rochat
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Melissa J Harnois
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Maria Dennis
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Helen S Webster
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Sherry Wang
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Leike Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dai Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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4
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Hu X, Wang HY, Otero CE, Jenks JA, Permar SR. Lessons from Acquired Natural Immunity and Clinical Trials to Inform Next-Generation Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Development. Annu Rev Virol 2022; 9:491-520. [PMID: 35704747 PMCID: PMC10154983 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-100220-010653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, the most common cause of congenital disease globally, affecting an estimated 1 million newborns annually, can result in lifelong sequelae in infants, such as sensorineural hearing loss and brain damage. HCMV infection also leads to a significant disease burden in immunocompromised individuals. Hence, an effective HCMV vaccine is urgently needed to prevent infection and HCMV-associated diseases. Unfortunately, despite more than five decades of vaccine development, no successful HCMV vaccine is available. This review summarizes what we have learned from acquired natural immunity, including innate and adaptive immunity; the successes and failures of HCMV vaccine human clinical trials; the progress in related animal models; and the analysis of protective immune responses during natural infection and vaccination settings. Finally, we propose novel vaccine strategies that will harness the knowledge of protective immunity and employ new technology and vaccine concepts to inform next-generation HCMV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claire E Otero
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jenks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
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5
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He L, Taylor S, Costa C, Görzer I, Kalser J, Fu TM, Freed D, Wang D, Cui X, Hertel L, McVoy MA. Polymorphic Forms of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein O Protect against Neutralization of Fibroblast Entry by Antibodies Targeting Epitopes Defined by Glycoproteins H and L. Viruses 2022; 14:1508. [PMID: 35891489 PMCID: PMC9323020 DOI: 10.3390/v14071508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) utilizes different glycoproteins to enter into fibroblast and epithelial cells. A trimer of glycoproteins H, L, and O (gH/gL/gO) is required for entry into all cells, whereas a pentamer of gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A is selectively required for infection of epithelial, endothelial, and some myeloid-lineage cells, but not of fibroblasts. Both complexes are of considerable interest for vaccine and immunotherapeutic development but present a conundrum: gH/gL-specific antibodies have moderate potency yet neutralize CMV entry into all cell types, whereas pentamer-specific antibodies are more potent but do not block fibroblast infection. Which cell types and neutralizing activities are important for protective efficacy in vivo remain unclear. Here, we present evidence that certain CMV strains have evolved polymorphisms in gO to evade trimer-specific neutralizing antibodies. Using luciferase-tagged variants of strain TB40/E in which the native gO is replaced by gOs from other strains, we tested the effects of gO polymorphisms on neutralization by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting four independent epitopes in gH/gL that are common to both trimer and pentamer. Neutralization of fibroblast entry by three mAbs displayed a range of potencies that depended on the gO type, a fourth mAb failed to neutralize fibroblast entry regardless of the gO type, while neutralization of epithelial cell entry by all four mAbs was potent and independent of the gO type. Thus, specific polymorphisms in gO protect the virus from mAb neutralization in the context of fibroblast but not epithelial cell entry. No influence of gO type was observed for protection against CMV hyperimmune globulin or CMV-seropositive human sera, suggesting that antibodies targeting protected gH/gL epitopes represent a minority of the polyclonal neutralizing repertoire induced by natural infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Scott Taylor
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Catherine Costa
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Irene Görzer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (I.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Julia Kalser
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (I.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Tong-Ming Fu
- Texas Therapeutic Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Daniel Freed
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (D.F.); (D.W.)
| | - Dai Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (D.F.); (D.W.)
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Laura Hertel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA 94609, USA;
| | - Michael A. McVoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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6
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Adhikari AS, Macauley J, Johnson Y, Connolly M, Coleman T, Heiland T. Development and Characterization of an HCMV Multi-Antigen Therapeutic Vaccine for Glioblastoma Using the UNITE Platform. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850546. [PMID: 35651802 PMCID: PMC9149224 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer with a median survival of 15 months that has remained unchanged despite advances in the standard of care. GBM cells express human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins, providing a unique opportunity for targeted therapy. We utilized our UNITE (UNiversal Intracellular Targeted Expression) platform to develop a multi-antigen DNA vaccine (ITI-1001) that codes for the HCMV proteins pp65, gB, and IE-1. The UNITE platform involves lysosomal targeting technology, fusing lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) with target ntigens. We demonstrate evidence of increased antigen presentation by both MHC-I and -II, delivering a robust antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell response in addition to a strong humoral response. Using a syngeneic orthotopic GBM mouse model, therapeutic treatment with the ITI-1001 vaccine resulted in ~56% survival of tumor-bearing mice. Investigation of the tumor microenvironment showed significant CD4 infiltration as well as enhanced Th1 and cytotoxic CD8 T activation. Regulatory T cells were also upregulated after ITI-1001 vaccination. In addition, tumor burden negatively correlated with activated interferon (IFN)γ+ CD4 T cells, reiterating the importance of CD4 activation in ITI-1001 efficacy and in identifying treatment responders and non-responders. Further characterization of these two groups showed high infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in responders compared to non-responders. Thus, we show that vaccination with HCMV antigens using the ITI-1001-UNITE platform generates strong cellular and humoral immune responses, triggering significant antitumor activity, leading to enhanced survival in a mouse model of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mike Connolly
- Immunomic Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Teri Heiland
- Immunomic Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
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7
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Parsons AJ, Ophir SI, Duty JA, Kraus TA, Stein KR, Moran TM, Tortorella D. Development of broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the cytomegalovirus subdominant antigen gH. Commun Biol 2022; 5:387. [PMID: 35468974 PMCID: PMC9038728 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpesvirus that increases morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals including transplant recipients and newborns. New anti-HCMV therapies are an urgent medical need for diverse patient populations. HCMV infection of a broad range of host tissues is dependent on the gH/gL/gO trimer and gH/gL/UL28/UL130/UL131A pentamer complexes on the viral envelope. We sought to develop safe and effective therapeutics against HCMV by generating broadly-neutralizing, human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from VelocImmune® mice immunized with gH/gL cDNA. Following high-throughput binding and neutralization screening assays, 11 neutralizing antibodies were identified with unique CDR3 regions and a high-affinity (KD 1.4-65 nM) to the pentamer complex. The antibodies bound to distinct regions within Domains 1 and 2 of gH and effectively neutralized diverse clinical strains in physiologically relevant cell types including epithelial cells, trophoblasts, and monocytes. Importantly, combined adminstration of mAbs with ganciclovir, an FDA approved antiviral, greatly limited virus dissemination. Our work identifies several anti-gH/gL mAbs and sheds light on gH neutralizing epitopes that can guide future vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina I Ophir
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - J Andrew Duty
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center of Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thomas A Kraus
- Center of Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kathryn R Stein
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas M Moran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center of Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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8
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Gandhamaneni BS, Krishnamoorthy HR, Veerappapillai S, Mohapatra SR, Karuppasamy R. Envelope Glycoprotein based multi-epitope vaccine against a co-infection of Human Herpesvirus 5 and Human Herpesvirus 6 using in silico strategies. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:711-724. [PMID: 36227524 PMCID: PMC9557995 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Human Betaherpesviruses HHV-5 and HHV-6 are quite inimical in immunocompromised hosts individually. A co-infection of both has been surmised to be far more disastrous. This can be attributed to a synergetic effect of their combined pathologies. While there have been attempts to develop a vaccine against each virus, no efforts were made to contrive an effective prophylaxis for the highly detrimental co-infection. In this study, an ensemble of viral envelope glycoproteins from both the viruses was utilized to design a multi-epitope vaccine using immunoinformatics tools. A collection of bacterial protein toll-like receptor agonists (BPTAs) was screened to identify a highly immunogenic adjuvant for the vaccine construct. The constructed vaccine was analysed using an array of methodologies ranging from World population coverage analysis to Immune simulation, whose results indicate high vaccine efficacy and stability. Furthermore, codon optimization and in silico cloning analysis were performed to check for efficient expression in a bacterial system. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of the constructed vaccine to elicit an immune response against HHV-5 and HHV-6, thus supporting the viability of in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Sai Gandhamaneni
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shanthi Veerappapillai
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumya R Mohapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ramanathan Karuppasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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9
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Characterization of M116.1p, a murine cytomegalovirus protein required for efficient infection of mononuclear phagocytes. J Virol 2021; 96:e0087621. [PMID: 34705561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00876-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad tissue tropism of cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) is facilitated by different glycoprotein entry complexes, which are conserved between human CMV (HCMV) and murine CMV (MCMV). Among the wide array of cell types susceptible to the infection, mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) play a unique role in the pathogenesis of the infection as they contribute both to the virus spread and immune control. CMVs have dedicated numerous genes for the efficient infection and evasion of macrophages and dendritic cells. In this study, we have characterized the properties and function of M116, a previously poorly described but highly transcribed MCMV gene region which encodes M116.1p, a novel protein necessary for the efficient infection of MNPs and viral spread in vivo. Our study further revealed that M116.1p shares similarities with its positional homologs in HCMV and RCMV, UL116 and R116, respectively, such as late kinetics of expression, N-glycosylation, localization to the virion assembly compartment, and interaction with gH - a member of the CMVs fusion complex. This study, therefore, expands our knowledge about virally encoded glycoproteins that play important roles in viral infectivity and tropism. Importance Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a species-specific herpesvirus that causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and immunologically immature neonates. Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is biologically similar to HCMV, and it serves as a widely used model for studying the infection, pathogenesis, and immune responses to HCMV. In our previous work, we have identified the M116 ORF as one of the most extensively transcribed regions of the MCMV genome without an assigned function. This study shows that the M116 locus codes for a novel protein, M116.1p, which shares similarities with UL116 and R116 in HCMV and RCMV, respectively, and is required for the efficient infection of mononuclear phagocytes and virus spread in vivo. Furthermore, this study establishes the α-M116 monoclonal antibody and MCMV mutants lacking M116, generated in this work, as valuable tools for studying the role of macrophages and dendritic cells in limiting CMV infection following different MCMV administration routes.
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10
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A Novel Strain-Specific Neutralizing Epitope on Glycoprotein H of Human Cytomegalovirus. J Virol 2021; 95:e0065721. [PMID: 34160252 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00657-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes severe clinical disease in immunosuppressed patients and congenitally infected newborn infants. Viral envelope glycoproteins represent attractive targets for vaccination or passive immunotherapy. To extend the knowledge of mechanisms of virus neutralization, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated following immunization of mice with HCMV virions. Hybridoma supernatants were screened for in vitro neutralization activity, yielding three potent MAbs, 6E3, 3C11, and 2B10. MAbs 6E3 and 3C11 blocked infection of all viral strains that were tested, while MAb 2B10 neutralized only 50% of the HCMV strains analyzed. Characterization of the MAbs using indirect immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated their reactivity with recombinantly derived gH. While MAbs 6E3 and 3C11 reacted with gH when expressed alone, 2B10 detected gH only when it was coexpressed with gB and gL. Recognition of gH by 3C11 was dependent on the expression of the entire ectodomain of gH, whereas 6E3 required residues 1 to 629 of gH. The strain-specific determinant for neutralization by Mab 2B10 was identified as a single Met→Ile amino acid polymorphism within gH, located within the central part of the protein. The polymorphism is evenly distributed among described HCMV strains. The 2B10 epitope thus represents a novel strain-specific antibody target site on gH of HCMV. The dependence of the reactivity of 2B10 on the simultaneous presence of gB/gH/gL will be of value in the structural definition of this tripartite complex. The 2B10 epitope may also represent a valuable tool for diagnostics to monitor infections/reinfections with different HCMV strains during pregnancy or after transplantation. IMPORTANCE HCMV infections are life threatening to people with compromised or immature immune systems. Understanding the antiviral antibody repertoire induced during HCMV infection is a necessary prerequisite to define protective antibody responses. Here, we report three novel anti-gH MAbs that potently neutralized HCMV infectivity. One of these MAbs (2B10) targets a novel strain-specific conformational epitope on gH that only becomes accessible upon coexpression of the minimal fusion machinery gB/gH/gL. Strain specificity is dependent on a single amino acid polymorphism within gH. Our data highlight the importance of strain-specific neutralizing antibody responses against HCMV. The 2B10 epitope may also represent a valuable tool for diagnostics to monitor infections/reinfections with different HCMV strains during pregnancy or after transplantation. In addition, the dependence of the reactivity of 2B10 on the simultaneous presence of gB/gH/gL will be of value in the structural definition of this tripartite complex.
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11
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Li M, Brokaw A, Furuta AM, Coler B, Obregon-Perko V, Chahroudi A, Wang HY, Permar SR, Hotchkiss CE, Golos TG, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. Non-human Primate Models to Investigate Mechanisms of Infection-Associated Fetal and Pediatric Injury, Teratogenesis and Stillbirth. Front Genet 2021; 12:680342. [PMID: 34290739 PMCID: PMC8287178 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide array of pathogens has the potential to injure the fetus and induce teratogenesis, the process by which mutations in fetal somatic cells lead to congenital malformations. Rubella virus was the first infectious disease to be linked to congenital malformations due to an infection in pregnancy, which can include congenital cataracts, microcephaly, hearing impairment and congenital heart disease. Currently, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious cause of congenital malformations globally, affecting 1 in every 200 infants. However, our knowledge of teratogenic viruses and pathogens is far from complete. New emerging infectious diseases may induce teratogenesis, similar to Zika virus (ZIKV) that caused a global pandemic in 2016-2017; thousands of neonates were born with congenital microcephaly due to ZIKV exposure in utero, which also included a spectrum of injuries to the brain, eyes and spinal cord. In addition to congenital anomalies, permanent injury to fetal and neonatal organs, preterm birth, stillbirth and spontaneous abortion are known consequences of a broader group of infectious diseases including group B streptococcus (GBS), Listeria monocytogenes, Influenza A virus (IAV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Animal models are crucial for determining the mechanism of how these various infectious diseases induce teratogenesis or organ injury, as well as testing novel therapeutics for fetal or neonatal protection. Other mammalian models differ in many respects from human pregnancy including placentation, labor physiology, reproductive tract anatomy, timeline of fetal development and reproductive toxicology. In contrast, non-human primates (NHP) most closely resemble human pregnancy and exhibit key similarities that make them ideal for research to discover the mechanisms of injury and for testing vaccines and therapeutics to prevent teratogenesis, fetal and neonatal injury and adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., stillbirth or spontaneous abortion). In this review, we emphasize key contributions of the NHP model pre-clinical research for ZIKV, HCMV, HIV, IAV, L. monocytogenes, Ureaplasma species, and GBS. This work represents the foundation for development and testing of preventative and therapeutic strategies to inhibit infectious injury of human fetuses and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alyssa Brokaw
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anna M. Furuta
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brahm Coler
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Veronica Obregon-Perko
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charlotte E. Hotchkiss
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Wang HY, Valencia SM, Pfeifer SP, Jensen JD, Kowalik TF, Permar SR. Common Polymorphisms in the Glycoproteins of Human Cytomegalovirus and Associated Strain-Specific Immunity. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061106. [PMID: 34207868 PMCID: PMC8227702 DOI: 10.3390/v13061106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), one of the most prevalent viruses across the globe, is a common cause of morbidity and mortality for immunocompromised individuals. Recent clinical observations have demonstrated that mixed strain infections are common and may lead to more severe disease progression. This clinical observation illustrates the complexity of the HCMV genome and emphasizes the importance of taking a population-level view of genotypic evolution. Here we review frequently sampled polymorphisms in the glycoproteins of HCMV, comparing the variable regions, and summarizing their corresponding geographic distributions observed to date. The related strain-specific immunity, including neutralization activity and antigen-specific cellular immunity, is also discussed. Given that these glycoproteins are common targets for vaccine design and anti-viral therapies, this observed genetic variation represents an important resource for future efforts to combat HCMV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Sarah M. Valencia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Susanne P. Pfeifer
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Jensen
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Timothy F. Kowalik
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-746-4111
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13
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Gatault P, Jones IKA, Meyer C, Kreklywich C, Alexander T, Smith PP, Denton M, Powell J, Orloff SL, Streblow DN. Rat and human cytomegalovirus ORF116 encodes a virion envelope glycoprotein required for infectivity. Virology 2021; 557:23-33. [PMID: 33601113 PMCID: PMC8019331 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herpesviruses encode multiple glycoproteins required for different stages of viral attachment, fusion, and envelopment. The protein encoded by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) open reading frame UL116 forms a stable complex with glycoprotein H that is incorporated into virions. However, the function of this complex remains unknown. Herein, we characterize R116, the rat CMV (RCMV) putative homolog of UL116. Two R116 transcripts were identified in fibroblasts with three proteins expressed with molecular weights of 42, 58, and 82 kDa. R116 is N-glycosylated, expressed with late viral gene kinetics, and is incorporated into the virion envelope. RCMV lacking R116 failed to result in productive infection of fibroblasts and siRNA knockdown of R116 substantially reduced RCMV infectivity. Complementation in trans of an R116-deficient virus restored ability of the virus to infect fibroblasts. Finally, UL116 knockdown also decreased HCMV infectivity indicating that R116 and UL116 both contribute to viral infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gatault
- Renal Transplant Unit, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, University Hospital of Tours, France
| | - Iris K A Jones
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christine Meyer
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Craig Kreklywich
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Timothy Alexander
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Patricia P Smith
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Josh Powell
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Susan L Orloff
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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14
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Weiler N, Paal C, Adams K, Calcaterra C, Fischer D, Stanton RJ, Stöhr D, Laib Sampaio K, Sinzger C. Role of Envelope Glycoprotein Complexes in Cell-Associated Spread of Human Cytomegalovirus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040614. [PMID: 33918406 PMCID: PMC8066785 DOI: 10.3390/v13040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of viral envelope glycoproteins, particularly the accessory proteins of trimeric and pentameric gH/gL-complexes, in cell-associated spread of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is unclear. We aimed to investigate their contribution in the context of HCMV variants that grow in a strictly cell-associated manner. In the genome of Merlin pAL1502, the glycoproteins gB, gH, gL, gM, and gN were deleted by introducing stop codons, and the mutants were analyzed for viral growth. Merlin and recent HCMV isolates were compared by quantitative immunoblotting for expression of accessory proteins of the trimeric and pentameric gH/gL-complexes, gO and pUL128. Isolates were treated with siRNAs against gO and pUL128 and analyzed regarding focal growth and release of infectious virus. All five tested glycoproteins were essential for growth of Merlin pAL1502. Compared with this model virus, higher gO levels were measured in recent isolates of HCMV, and its knockdown decreased viral growth. Knockdown of pUL128 abrogated the strict cell-association and led to release of infectivity, which allowed cell-free transfer to epithelial cells where the virus grew again strictly cell-associated. We conclude that both trimer and pentamer contribute to cell-associated spread of recent clinical HCMV isolates and downregulation of pentamer can release infectious virus into the supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Weiler
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89089 Ulm, Germany; (N.W.); (C.P.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Caroline Paal
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89089 Ulm, Germany; (N.W.); (C.P.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Kerstin Adams
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89089 Ulm, Germany; (N.W.); (C.P.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Christopher Calcaterra
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89089 Ulm, Germany; (N.W.); (C.P.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Dina Fischer
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89089 Ulm, Germany; (N.W.); (C.P.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Richard James Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
| | - Dagmar Stöhr
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89089 Ulm, Germany; (N.W.); (C.P.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Kerstin Laib Sampaio
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89089 Ulm, Germany; (N.W.); (C.P.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Christian Sinzger
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89089 Ulm, Germany; (N.W.); (C.P.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (K.L.S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Zhou X, Jin N, Chen B. Human cytomegalovirus infection: A considerable issue following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:318. [PMID: 33692850 PMCID: PMC7933754 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic virus, whereby recipients are most susceptible following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). With the development of novel immunosuppressive agents and antiviral drugs, accompanied with the widespread application of prophylaxis and preemptive treatment, significant developments have been made in transplant recipients with human (H)CMV infection. However, HCMV remains an important cause of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. The present review summarizes the molecular mechanism and risk factors of HCMV reactivation following allo-HSCT, the diagnosis of CMV infection following allo-HSCT, prophylaxis and treatment of HCMV infection, and future perspectives. All relevant literature were retrieved from PubMed and have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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16
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Jones IKA, Haese NN, Gatault P, Streblow ZJ, Andoh TF, Denton M, Streblow CE, Bonin K, Kreklywich CN, Burg JM, Orloff SL, Streblow DN. Rat Cytomegalovirus Virion-Associated Proteins R131 and R129 Are Necessary for Infection of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Pathogens 2020; 9:E963. [PMID: 33228102 PMCID: PMC7699341 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes persistent, latent infection in hosts, causing diseases in immunocompromised patients, transplant recipients, and neonates. CMV infection modifies the host chemokine axis by modulating chemokine and chemokine receptor expression and by encoding putative chemokine and chemokine receptor homologues. The viral proteins have roles in cellular signaling, migration, and transformation, as well as viral dissemination, tropism, latency and reactivation. Herein, we review the contribution of CMV-encoded chemokines and chemokine receptors to these processes, and further elucidate the viral tropism role of rat CMV (RCMV) R129 and R131. These homologues of the human CMV (HCMV)-encoded chemokines UL128 and UL130 are of particular interest because of their dual role as chemokines and members of the pentameric entry complex, which is required for entry into cell types that are essential for viral transmission and dissemination. The contributions of UL128 and UL130 to acceleration of solid organ transplant chronic rejection are poorly understood, and are in need of an effective in vivo model system to elucidate the phenomenon. We demonstrated similar molecular entry requirements for R129 and R131 in the rat cells, as observed for HCMV, and provided evidence that R129 and R131 are part of the viral entry complex required for entry into macrophages, dendritic cells, and bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K. A. Jones
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Philippe Gatault
- Renal Transplant Unit, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, University Hospital of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Zachary J. Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Takeshi F. Andoh
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.L.O.)
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Cassilyn E. Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Kiley Bonin
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Craig N. Kreklywich
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
| | - Jennifer M. Burg
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.L.O.)
| | - Susan L. Orloff
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.M.B.); (S.L.O.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (I.K.A.J.); (N.N.H.); (Z.J.S.); (T.F.A.); (M.D.); (C.E.S.); (K.B.); (C.N.K.)
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17
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Shibamura M, Yoshikawa T, Yamada S, Inagaki T, Nguyen PHA, Fujii H, Harada S, Fukushi S, Oka A, Mizuguchi M, Saijo M. Association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) neutralizing antibodies with antibodies to the HCMV glycoprotein complexes. Virol J 2020; 17:120. [PMID: 32746933 PMCID: PMC7397426 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes asymptomatic infections, but also causes congenital infections when women were infected with HCMV during pregnancy, and life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised patients. To better understand the mechanism of the neutralization activity against HCMV, the association of HCMV NT antibody titers was assessed with the antibody titers against each glycoprotein complex (gc) of HCMV. Methods Sera collected from 78 healthy adult volunteers were used. HCMV Merlin strain and HCMV clinical isolate strain 1612 were used in the NT assay with the plaque reduction assay, in which both the MRC-5 fibroblasts cells and the RPE-1 epithelial cells were used. Glycoprotein complex of gB, gH/gL complexes (gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/UL128–131A [PC]) and gM/gN were selected as target glycoproteins. 293FT cells expressed with gB, gM/gN, gH/gL/gO, or PC, were prepared and used for the measurement of the antibody titers against each gc in an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). The correlation between the IIFA titers to each gc and the HCMV-NT titers was evaluated. Results There were no significant correlations between gB-specific IIFA titers and the HCMV-NT titers in epithelial cells or between gM/gN complex-specific IIFA titers and the HCMV-NT titers. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the IIFA titers to gH/gL complexes and HCMV-NT titers. Conclusions The data suggest that the gH/gL complexes might be the major target to induce NT activity against HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shibamura
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Souichi Yamada
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takuya Inagaki
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Phu Hoang Anh Nguyen
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Fujii
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shizuko Harada
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuguchi
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan. .,Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Janković M, Ćupić M, Knežević A, Vujić D, Soldatović I, Zečević Ž, Gobeljić B, Jovanović T. Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B and N genotypes in pediatric recipients of the hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Virology 2020; 548:168-173. [PMID: 32838938 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical significance of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) genotypes in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has been evaluated mostly in adults. The studies of diverse CMV glycoprotein B (gB) and N (gN) genotype variants in transplanted children and adolescents are lacking. We analyzed the investment of gB and gN genotype variants in the HSCTed children and their relation to clinical complications and disease outcome. The cohort included forty two pediatric recipients of the HSCT. Patients positive for CMV DNAemia (24/42, 57.1%) were genotyped. The gB4 and gN1 genotype variants predominated and were evidenced in 7/18 (38.9%) and 9/19 (47.4%) patients, respectively. The graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) predominated in children with viremia (p < 0.05). Frequencies of the gB and gN genotypes contrasted those reported in recent studies. The GvHD scaled strongly with CMV reactivation whereas viral loads were uncorrelated to medical complications and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Janković
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, 11000, Belgrade, 1 Dr Subotića starijeg Street, Serbia.
| | - Maja Ćupić
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, 11000, Belgrade, 1 Dr Subotića starijeg Street, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Knežević
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, 11000, Belgrade, 1 Dr Subotića starijeg Street, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vujić
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Čupić", Faculty of Medicine, 11000, Belgrade, 8 Radoja Dakića Street, Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatović
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 15 Dr Subotića starijeg Street, Serbia
| | - Željko Zečević
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Čupić", Faculty of Medicine, 11000, Belgrade, 8 Radoja Dakića Street, Serbia
| | - Borko Gobeljić
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Čupić", Faculty of Medicine, 11000, Belgrade, 8 Radoja Dakića Street, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jovanović
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, 11000, Belgrade, 1 Dr Subotića starijeg Street, Serbia
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Delmotte J, Chaparro C, Galinier R, de Lorgeril J, Petton B, Stenger PL, Vidal-Dupiol J, Destoumieux-Garzon D, Gueguen Y, Montagnani C, Escoubas JM, Mitta G. Contribution of Viral Genomic Diversity to Oyster Susceptibility in the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1579. [PMID: 32754139 PMCID: PMC7381293 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are subjected to recurrent episodes of mass mortalities that constitute a threat for the oyster industry. This mortality syndrome named “Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome” (POMS) is a polymicrobial disease whose pathogenesis is initiated by a primary infection by a variant of an Ostreid herpes virus named OsHV-1 μVar. The characterization of the OsHV-1 genome during different disease outbreaks occurring in different geographic areas has revealed the existence of a genomic diversity for OsHV-1 μVar. However, the biological significance of this diversity is still poorly understood. To go further in understanding the consequences of OsHV-1 diversity on POMS, we challenged five biparental families of oysters to two different infectious environments on the French coasts (Atlantic and Mediterranean). We observed that the susceptibility to POMS can be different among families within the same environment but also for the same family between the two environments. Viral diversity analysis revealed that Atlantic and Mediterranean POMS are caused by two distinct viral populations. Moreover, we observed that different oyster families are infected by distinct viral populations within a same infectious environment. Altogether these results suggest that the co-evolutionary processes at play between OsHV-1 μVar and oyster populations have selected a viral diversity that could facilitate the infection process and the transmission in oyster populations. These new data must be taken into account in the development of novel selective breeding programs better adapted to the oyster culture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Delmotte
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard Galinier
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien de Lorgeril
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- LEMAR UMR 6539, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Argenton-en-Landunvez, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Stenger
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yannick Gueguen
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoubas
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
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Guinea pig cytomegalovirus trimer complex gH/gL/gO uses PDGFRA as universal receptor for cell fusion and entry. Virology 2020; 548:236-249. [PMID: 32791352 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Species-specific guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) causes congenital CMV and the virus encodes homolog glycoprotein complexes to human CMV, including gH-based trimer (gH/gL/gO) and pentamer-complex (PC). Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (gpPDGFRA), only present on fibroblast cells, was identified via CRISPR as the putative receptor for PC-independent GPCMV infection. Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated direct interaction of gH/gL/gO with gpPDGFRA but not in absence of gO. Expression of viral gB also resulted in precipitation of gB/gH/gL/gO/gpPDGFRA complex. Cell-cell fusion assays determined that expression of gpPDGFRA and gH/gL/gO in adjacent cells enabled cell fusion, which was not enhanced by gB. N-linked gpPDGFRA glycosylation inhibition had limited effect and blocking tyrosine kinase (TK) transduction had no impact on infection. Ectopically expressed gpPDGFRA or TK-domain mutant in trophoblast or epithelial cells previously non-susceptible to GPCMV(PC-) enabled viral infection. In contrast, transient human PDGFRA expression did not complement GPCMV(PC-) infection, a potential basis for viral species specificity.
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21
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Britt WJ. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Women With Preexisting Immunity: Sources of Infection and Mechanisms of Infection in the Presence of Antiviral Immunity. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S1-S8. [PMID: 32134479 PMCID: PMC7057782 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains an important cause of neurodevelopmental sequelae in infants infected in utero. Unique to the natural history of perinatal HCMV infections is the occurrence of congenital HCMV infections (cCMV) in women with existing immunity to HCMV, infections that have been designated as nonprimary maternal infection. In maternal populations with a high HCMV seroprevalence, cCMV that follows nonprimary maternal infections accounts for 75%-90% of all cases of cCMV infections as well as a large proportion of infected infants with neurodevelopmental sequelae. Although considerable effort has been directed toward understanding immune correlates that can modify maternal infections and intrauterine transmission, the source of virus leading to nonprimary maternal infections and intrauterine transmission is not well defined. Previous paradigms that included reactivation of latent virus as the source of infection in immune women have been challenged by studies demonstrating acquisition and transmission of antigenically distinct viruses, a finding suggesting that reinfection through exposure to an exogenous virus is responsible for some cases of nonprimary maternal infection. Additional understanding of the source(s) of virus that leads to nonprimary maternal infection will be of considerable value in the development and testing of interventions such as vaccines designed to limit the incidence of cCMV in populations with high HCMV seroprevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Britt
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology, Neurobiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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22
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Elste J, Kaltenbach D, Patel VR, Nguyen MT, Sharthiya H, Tandon R, Mehta SK, Volin MV, Fornaro M, Tiwari V, Desai UR. Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus Entry into Host Cells Through a Pleiotropic Small Molecule. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051676. [PMID: 32121406 PMCID: PMC7084493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are wide-spread among the general population with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe developmental disabilities in newborns and life-threatening illnesses in individuals with a compromised immune system. Nearly all current drugs suffer from one or more limitations, which emphasizes the critical need to develop new approaches and new molecules. We reasoned that a ‘poly-pharmacy’ approach relying on simultaneous binding to multiple receptors involved in HCMV entry into host cells could pave the way to a more effective therapeutic outcome. This work presents the study of a synthetic, small molecule displaying pleiotropicity of interactions as a competitive antagonist of viral or cell surface receptors including heparan sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate-binding proteins, which play important roles in HCMV entry and spread. Sulfated pentagalloylglucoside (SPGG), a functional mimetic of heparan sulfate, inhibits HCMV entry into human foreskin fibroblasts and neuroepithelioma cells with high potency. At the same time, SPGG exhibits no toxicity at levels as high as 50-fold more than its inhibition potency. Interestingly, cell-ELISA assays showed downregulation in HCMV immediate-early gene 1 and 2 (IE 1&2) expression in presence of SPGG further supporting inhibition of viral entry. Finally, HCMV foci were observed to decrease significantly in the presence of SPGG suggesting impact on viral spread too. Overall, this work offers the first evidence that pleiotropicity, such as demonstrated by SPGG, may offer a new poly-therapeutic approach toward effective inhibition of HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Elste
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Dominik Kaltenbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Vraj R. Patel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Max T. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Harsh Sharthiya
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (H.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | | | - Michael V. Volin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (H.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (V.R.P.); (M.T.N.); (M.V.V.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (U.R.D.)
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (U.R.D.)
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23
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Ye L, Qian Y, Yu W, Guo G, Wang H, Xue X. Functional Profile of Human Cytomegalovirus Genes and Their Associated Diseases: A Review. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2104. [PMID: 33013768 PMCID: PMC7498621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), whose genome is 235 ± 1.9 kbp long, is a common herpesvirus. However, the functions of many of its genes are still unknown. HCMV is closely associated with various human diseases and infects 60-90% of the global population. It can infect various human cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and monocytes. Although HCMV infection is generally asymptomatic and causes subtle clinical symptoms, it can generate a robust immune response and establish a latent infection in immunocompromised individuals, including those with AIDS, transplant recipients, and developing fetuses. Currently available antivirals approved for the treatment of HCMV-associated diseases are limited by dose-limiting toxicity and the emergence of resistance; however, vaccines and immunoglobulins are unavailable. In this review, we have summarized the recent literature on 43 newly identified HCMV genes. We have described their novel functions on the viral replication cycle, latency, and host immune evasion. Further, we have discussed HCMV-associated diseases and current therapeutic targets. Our review may provide a foundational basis for studies aiming to prevent and develop targeted therapies for HCMV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Ye
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Qian
- First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijie Yu
- First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gangqiang Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Wang, ; Xiangyang Xue,
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Wang, ; Xiangyang Xue,
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24
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Schleiss MR. Searching for a Serological Correlate of Protection for a CMV Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2019. [PMID: 29528437 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M R Schleiss
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
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25
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Stein KR, Gardner TJ, Hernandez RE, Kraus TA, Duty JA, Ubarretxena-Belandia I, Moran TM, Tortorella D. CD46 facilitates entry and dissemination of human cytomegalovirus. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2699. [PMID: 31221976 PMCID: PMC6586906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes a wide array of disease to diverse populations of immune-compromised individuals. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of how CMV enters numerous host cell types is necessary to further delineate the complex nature of CMV pathogenesis and to develop targeted therapeutics. To that end, we establish a vaccination strategy utilizing membrane vesicles derived from epithelial cells to generate a library of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting cell surface proteins in their native conformation. A high-throughput inhibition assay is employed to screen these antibodies for their ability to limit infection, and mAbs targeting CD46 are identified. In addition, a significant reduction of viral proliferation in CD46-KO epithelial cells confirms a role for CD46 function in viral dissemination. Further, we demonstrate a CD46-dependent entry pathway of virus infection in trophoblasts, but not in fibroblasts, highlighting the complexity of CMV entry and identifying CD46 as an entry factor in congenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Stein
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardner
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rosmel E Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thomas A Kraus
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center of Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - James A Duty
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center of Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Iban Ubarretxena-Belandia
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, E-48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Thomas M Moran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center of Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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26
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Behzadi MA, Stein KR, Bermúdez-González MC, Simon V, Nachbagauer R, Tortorella D. An Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin-Based Vaccine Platform Enables the Generation of Epitope Specific Human Cytomegalovirus Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7020051. [PMID: 31207917 PMCID: PMC6630953 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent pathogen with ~60%–90% seropositivity in adults. CMV can contribute to organ rejection in transplant recipients and is a major cause of birth defects in newborns. Currently, there are no approved vaccines against CMV. The epitope of a CMV neutralizing monoclonal antibody against a conserved region of the envelope protein gH provided the basis for a new CMV vaccine design. We exploited the influenza A virus as a vaccine platform due to the highly immunogenic head domain of its hemagglutinin envelope protein. Influenza A variants were engineered by reverse genetics to express the epitope of an anti-CMV gH neutralizing antibody that recognizes native gH into the hemagglutinin antigenic Sa site. We determined that the recombinant influenza variants expressing 7, 10, or 13 residues of the anti-gH neutralizing antibody epitope were recognized and neutralized by the anti-gH antibody 10C10. Mice vaccinated with the influenza/CMV chimeric viruses induced CMV-specific antibodies that recognized the native gH protein and inhibited virus infection. In fact, the influenza variants expressing 7–13 gH residues neutralized a CMV infection at ~60% following two immunizations with variants expressing the 13 residue gH peptide produced the highest levels of neutralization. Collectively, our study demonstrates that a variant influenza virus inserted with a gH peptide can generate a humoral response that limits a CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Kathryn R Stein
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Maria Carolina Bermúdez-González
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- The Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- The Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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27
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Patro ARK. Subversion of Immune Response by Human Cytomegalovirus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1155. [PMID: 31244824 PMCID: PMC6575140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital infections and is an important pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. Despite a robust host immune system, HCMV able to replicate, evade host defenses, establish latency for life. A significant portion of HCMV genome dedicated to encode gene products for modulation of host immune response. Growing number of HCMV gene products are being recognized to play role in immune evasion. Information on viral immune evasion mechanisms by which HCMV persists in host will be useful in devising antiviral intervention strategies and development of new vaccines. This minireview provides a brief overview of immune evasion strategy adapted by HCMV by utilizing its gene products in modulation of host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raj Kumar Patro
- Infectious Disease Biology Group, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
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28
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Nelson CS, Herold BC, Permar SR. A new era in cytomegalovirus vaccinology: considerations for rational design of next-generation vaccines to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus infection. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:38. [PMID: 30275984 PMCID: PMC6148244 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-018-0074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the beta-herpesvirus family, is the most common cause of congenital infection worldwide as well as an important cause of morbidity in transplant recipients and immunosuppressed individuals. An estimated 1 in 150 infants are infected with HCMV at birth, which can result in lifelong, debilitating neurologic sequelae including microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, and cognitive impairment. Natural maternal immunity to HCMV decreases the frequency of reinfection and reduces risk of congenital transmission but does not completely protect against neonatal disease. Thus, a vaccine to reduce the incidence and severity of infant infection is a public health priority. A variety of candidate HCMV vaccine approaches have been tried previously, including live-attenuated viruses, glycoprotein subunit formulations, viral vectors, and single/bivalent DNA plasmids, but all have failed to reach target endpoints in clinical trials. Nevertheless, there is a great deal to be learned from the successes and failures of the HCMV vaccine field (both congenital and transplant-associated), as well as from vaccine development efforts for other herpesvirus pathogens including herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Here, we review those successes and failures, evaluating recent cutting-edge discoveries that have shaped the HCMV vaccine field and identifying topics of critical importance for future investigation. These considerations will inform rational design and evaluation of next-generation vaccines to prevent HCMV-associated congenital infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S. Nelson
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Betsy C. Herold
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
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29
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Recombinant cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B vaccine: Rethinking the immunological basis of protection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6110-6112. [PMID: 29875141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806420115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Sackman AM, Pfeifer SP, Kowalik TF, Jensen JD. On the Demographic and Selective Forces Shaping Patterns of Human Cytomegalovirus Variation within Hosts. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7010016. [PMID: 29382090 PMCID: PMC5874742 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the β -herpesvirus subfamily within Herpesviridae that is nearly ubiquitous in human populations, and infection generally results only in mild symptoms. However, symptoms can be severe in immunonaive individuals, and transplacental congenital infection of HCMV can result in serious neurological sequelae. Recent work has revealed much about the demographic and selective forces shaping the evolution of congenitally transmitted HCMV both on the level of hosts and within host compartments, providing insight into the dynamics of congenital infection, reinfection, and evolution of HCMV with important implications for the development of effective treatments and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Sackman
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
| | - Susanne P Pfeifer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
| | - Timothy F Kowalik
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Jensen
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
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31
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Sobhy H. A comparative review of viral entry and attachment during large and giant dsDNA virus infections. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3567-3585. [PMID: 28866775 PMCID: PMC5671522 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viruses enter host cells via several mechanisms, including endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. They can also fuse at the plasma membrane and can spread within the host via cell-to-cell fusion or syncytia. The mechanism used by a given viral strain depends on its external topology and proteome and the type of cell being entered. This comparative review discusses the cellular attachment receptors and entry pathways of dsDNA viruses belonging to the families Adenoviridae, Baculoviridae, Herpesviridae and nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) belonging to the families Ascoviridae, Asfarviridae, Iridoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and Poxviridae, and giant viruses belonging to the families Mimiviridae and Marseilleviridae as well as the proposed families Pandoraviridae and Pithoviridae. Although these viruses have several common features (e.g., topology, replication and protein sequence similarities) they utilize different entry pathways to infect wide-range of hosts, including humans, other mammals, invertebrates, fish, protozoa and algae. Similarities and differences between the entry methods used by these virus families are highlighted, with particular emphasis on viral topology and proteins that mediate viral attachment and entry. Cell types that are frequently used to study viral entry are also reviewed, along with other factors that affect virus-host cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Sobhy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Battles MB, Más V, Olmedillas E, Cano O, Vázquez M, Rodríguez L, Melero JA, McLellan JS. Structure and immunogenicity of pre-fusion-stabilized human metapneumovirus F glycoprotein. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1528. [PMID: 29142300 PMCID: PMC5688127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a frequent cause of bronchiolitis in young children. Its F glycoprotein mediates virus-cell membrane fusion and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. The inability to produce recombinant hMPV F glycoprotein in the metastable pre-fusion conformation has hindered structural and immunological studies. Here, we engineer a pre-fusion-stabilized hMPV F ectodomain and determine its crystal structure to 2.6 Å resolution. This structure reveals molecular determinants of strain-dependent acid-induced fusion, as well as insights into refolding from pre- to post-fusion conformations. A dense glycan shield at the apex of pre-fusion hMPV F suggests that antibodies against this site may not be elicited by host immune responses, which is confirmed by depletion studies of human immunoglobulins and by mouse immunizations. This is a major difference with pre-fusion F from human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), and collectively our results should facilitate development of effective hMPV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Battles
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Vicente Más
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Olmedillas
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Cano
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Vázquez
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain.,University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - José A Melero
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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Wussow F, Chiuppesi F, Contreras H, Diamond DJ. Neutralization of Human Cytomegalovirus Entry into Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:E39. [PMID: 29088098 PMCID: PMC5748606 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of permanent birth defects, highlighting the need to develop an HCMV vaccine candidate. However, HCMV vaccine development is complicated by the varying capacity of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to interfere in vitro with the HCMV entry routes mediating infection of fibroblast (FB) and epithelial cells (EC). While HCMV infection of FB and EC requires glycoprotein complexes composed of gB and gH/gL/gO, EC infection depends additionally on the envelope pentamer complex (PC) composed of gH, gL, UL128, UL130 and UL131A. Unlike NAb to gB or gH epitopes that can interfere with both FB and EC infection, NAb targeting predominantly conformational epitopes of the UL128/130/131A subunits are unable to prevent FB entry, though they are highly potent in blocking EC infection. Despite the selective requirement of the PC for EC entry, the PC is exceptionally immunogenic as vaccine antigen to stimulate both EC- and FB-specific NAb responses due to its capacity to elicit NAb that target epitopes of the UL128/130/131A subunits and gH. These findings suggest that the PC could be sufficient in a subunit vaccine formulation to induce robust FB- and EC-specific NAb responses. In this short review, we discuss NAb responses induced through natural infection and vaccination that interfere in vitro with HCMV infection of FB and EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wussow
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Heidi Contreras
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Nelson CS, Cruz DV, Tran D, Bialas KM, Stamper L, Wu H, Gilbert M, Blair R, Alvarez X, Itell H, Chen M, Deshpande A, Chiuppesi F, Wussow F, Diamond DJ, Vandergrift N, Walter MR, Barry PA, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Koelle K, Kaur A, Permar SR. Preexisting antibodies can protect against congenital cytomegalovirus infection in monkeys. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94002. [PMID: 28679960 PMCID: PMC5499366 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common congenital infection and a known cause of microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, and cognitive impairment among newborns worldwide. Natural maternal HCMV immunity reduces the incidence of congenital infection, but does not prevent the disease altogether. We employed a nonhuman primate model of congenital CMV infection to investigate the ability of preexisting antibodies to protect against placental CMV transmission in the setting of primary maternal infection and subsequent viremia, which is required for placental virus exposure. Pregnant, CD4+ T cell-depleted, rhesus CMV-seronegative (RhCMV-seronegative) rhesus monkeys were treated with either standardly produced hyperimmune globulin (HIG) from RhCMV-seropositive macaques or dose-optimized, potently RhCMV-neutralizing HIG prior to intravenous challenge with an RhCMV mixture. HIG passive infusion provided complete protection against fetal loss in both groups. The dose-optimized, RhCMV-neutralizing HIG additionally inhibited placental transmission of RhCMV and reduced viral replication and diversity. Our findings suggest that the presence of durable and potently neutralizing antibodies at the time of primary infection can prevent transmission of systemically replicating maternal RhCMV to the developing fetus, and therefore should be a primary target of vaccines to eliminate this neonatal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S. Nelson
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, and
| | - Diana Vera Cruz
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dollnovan Tran
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kristy M. Bialas
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, and
| | - Lisa Stamper
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, and
| | - Huali Wu
- Duke Clinical Research Unit, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret Gilbert
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hannah Itell
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, and
| | - Meng Chen
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, and
| | - Ashlesha Deshpande
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Felix Wussow
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Don J. Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Mark R. Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter A. Barry
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Duke Clinical Research Unit, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katia Koelle
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, and
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Coleman S, Choi KY, McGregor A. Cytomegalovirus UL128 homolog mutants that form a pentameric complex produce virus with impaired epithelial and trophoblast cell tropism and altered pathogenicity in the guinea pig. Virology 2017. [PMID: 28651121 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) encodes a homolog pentameric complex (PC) for specific cell tropism and congenital infection. In human cytomegalovirus, the PC is an important antibody neutralizing target and GPCMV studies will aid in the development of intervention strategies. Deletion mutants of the C-terminal domains of unique PC proteins (UL128, UL130 and UL131 homologs) were unable to form a PC in separate transient expression assays. Minor modifications to the UL128 homolog (GP129) C-terminal domain enabled PC formation but viruses encoding these mutants had altered tropism to renal and placental trophoblast cells. Mutation of the presumptive CC chemokine motif encoded by GP129 was investigated by alanine substitution of the CC motif (codons 26-27) and cysteines (codons 47 and 62). GP129 chemokine mutants formed PC but GP129 chemokine mutant viruses had reduced epitropism. A GP129 chemokine mutant virus pathogenicity study demonstrated reduced viral load to target organs but highly extended viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Coleman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, Texas A&M University, Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - K Yeon Choi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, Texas A&M University, Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alistair McGregor
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, Texas A&M University, Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States.
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Hage E, Wilkie GS, Linnenweber-Held S, Dhingra A, Suárez NM, Schmidt JJ, Kay-Fedorov PC, Mischak-Weissinger E, Heim A, Schwarz A, Schulz TF, Davison AJ, Ganzenmueller T. Characterization of Human Cytomegalovirus Genome Diversity in Immunocompromised Hosts by Whole-Genome Sequencing Directly From Clinical Specimens. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1673-1683. [PMID: 28368496 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allow comprehensive studies of genetic diversity over the entire genome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a significant pathogen for immunocompromised individuals. Methods Next-generation sequencing was performed on target enriched sequence libraries prepared directly from a variety of clinical specimens (blood, urine, breast milk, respiratory samples, biopsies, and vitreous humor) obtained longitudinally or from different anatomical compartments from 20 HCMV-infected patients (renal transplant recipients, stem cell transplant recipients, and congenitally infected children). Results De novo-assembled HCMV genome sequences were obtained for 57 of 68 sequenced samples. Analysis of longitudinal or compartmental HCMV diversity revealed various patterns: no major differences were detected among longitudinal, intraindividual blood samples from 9 of 15 patients and in most of the patients with compartmental samples, whereas a switch of the major HCMV population was observed in 6 individuals with sequential blood samples and upon compartmental analysis of 1 patient with HCMV retinitis. Variant analysis revealed additional aspects of minor virus population dynamics and antiviral-resistance mutations. Conclusions In immunosuppressed patients, HCMV can remain relatively stable or undergo drastic genomic changes that are suggestive of the emergence of minor resident strains or de novo infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Hage
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gavin S Wilkie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | | | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicolás M Suárez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | | | - Penelope C Kay-Fedorov
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eva Mischak-Weissinger
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Albert Heim
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Pellett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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38
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Adler B, Sattler C, Adler H. Herpesviruses and Their Host Cells: A Successful Liaison. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:229-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gardner TJ, Stein KR, Duty JA, Schwarz TM, Noriega VM, Kraus T, Moran TM, Tortorella D. Functional screening for anti-CMV biologics identifies a broadly neutralizing epitope of an essential envelope protein. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13627. [PMID: 27966523 PMCID: PMC5171902 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prototypic β-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes life-long persistence within its human host. The CMV envelope consists of various protein complexes that enable wide viral tropism. More specifically, the glycoprotein complex gH/gL/gO (gH-trimer) is required for infection of all cell types, while the gH/gL/UL128/130/131a (gH-pentamer) complex imparts specificity in infecting epithelial, endothelial and myeloid cells. Here we utilize state-of-the-art robotics and a high-throughput neutralization assay to screen and identify monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the gH glycoproteins that display broad-spectrum properties to inhibit virus infection and dissemination. Subsequent biochemical characterization reveals that the mAbs bind to gH-trimer and gH-pentamer complexes and identify the antibodies' epitope as an 'antigenic hot spot' critical for virus entry. The mAbs inhibit CMV infection at a post-attachment step by interacting with a highly conserved central alpha helix-rich domain. The platform described here provides the framework for development of effective CMV biologics and vaccine design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Gardner
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Stein
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - J. Andrew Duty
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Toni M. Schwarz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Vanessa M. Noriega
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Thomas M. Moran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Prospects of a vaccine for the prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus disease. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:537-547. [PMID: 27519596 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is one leading cause of childhood disabilities. Prevention of congenital HCMV disease by vaccination has consequently been identified as a priority public healthcare goal. Several vaccine candidates have been introduced in the past that aimed at the prevention of primary HCMV infection in pregnancy. None of these has provided complete protection, and no licensed vaccine is thus far available. An additional level of complexity has been reached by recent studies indicating that the burden of HCMV transmission and disease following non-primary infections in pregnancy may be higher than previously anticipated. Substantial progress in our understanding of the immunobiology of HCMV infection in pregnancy has fostered studies to test revised or novel vaccine strategies. Preventing HCMV transmission has been identified a surrogate endpoint, rendering the conduction of vaccine studies feasible with reasonable effort. Identification of the glycoprotein complex gH/gL/UL128-131 as a mediator of HCMV host cell tropism and evaluation of that complex as a major target of the neutralizing antibody response made manufacturers consider vaccine candidates that include these proteins. Detailed structural analyses of the neutralizing determinants on HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) have revived interest in using this protein in its pre-fusion conformation for vaccine purposes. Studies in pregnant women and in animal models have provided evidence that addressing the T lymphocyte response by vaccination may be crucial to prevent HCMV transmission to the offspring. CD4 T lymphocytes may be of particular importance in this respect. A simultaneous targeting of both the humoral and cellular immune response against HCMV by vaccination thus appears warranted in order to prevent congenital HCMV infection. There is, however, still need for further research to be able to define an immunological correlate of protection against HCMV transmission during pregnancy. This brief review will highlight recent developments in our understanding of the natural history and immunobiology of HCMV infection in pregnancy and their possible impact on the strategies for the development of an HCMV vaccine.
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