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Aoki A, Mizutani K, Taniguchi Y, Lin T, Ohsugi Y, Mikami R, Katagiri S, Meinzer W, Iwata T. Current status of Er:YAG laser in periodontal surgery. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:1-14. [PMID: 38148873 PMCID: PMC10750110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasers have numerous advantageous tissue interactions such as ablation or vaporization, hemostasis, bacterial killing, as well as biological effects, which induce various beneficial therapeutic effects and biological responses in the tissues. Thus, lasers are considered an effective and suitable device for treating a variety of inflammatory and infectious conditions of periodontal disease. Among various laser systems, the Er:YAG laser, which can be effectively and safely used in both soft and hard tissues with minimal thermal side effects, has been attracting much attention in periodontal therapy. This laser can effectively and precisely debride the diseased root surface including calculus removal, ablate diseased connective tissues within the bone defects, and stimulate the irradiated surrounding periodontal tissues during surgery, resulting in favorable wound healing as well as regeneration of periodontal tissues. The safe and effective performance of Er:YAG laser-assisted periodontal surgery has been reported with comparable and occasionally superior clinical outcomes compared to conventional surgery. This article explains the characteristics of the Er:YAG laser and introduces its applications in periodontal surgery including conventional flap surgery, regenerative surgery, and flapless surgery, based on scientific evidence from currently available basic and clinical studies as well as cases reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoichi Taniguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Taniguchi Dental Clinic, Kita 7−17, 18-chome, Nango-dori, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University (CSMU), No.110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Risako Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Walter Meinzer
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Han Y, Zhang Z, Song Q, Sun S, Li W, Yang F, Tong L. Modulation of glycolipid metabolism in T2DM rats by Rubus irritans Focke extract: Insights from metabolic profiling and ERK/IRS-1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118341. [PMID: 38754646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) plays a crucial role in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, influencing apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. It connection to the insulin (INS) signaling cascade and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been established. Rubus irritans Focke, an indispensable herb in Chinese Tibetan medicine for diabetes mellitus treatment, lacks a comprehensive understanding of its effects and pharmacological mechanisms in T2DM. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Rubus irritans Focke extract (Rife) on a T2DM rat model, exploring its impact on glycemic and lipid metabolism, histopathological changes, and its potential targeting of the extracellular regulated protein kinase/insulin receptor substrate-1 (ERK/IRS-1) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS A T2DM rat model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (40 mg/kg) in high-fat diet-fed (HFD) male Wistar rats. Rife and metformin (Met) were administered for 4 weeks, and glycemic, lipid metabolism indices, and histopathological changes were assessed. Protein expression of ERK, IRS-1 in rat liver tissues was examined to evaluate the impact on the ERK/IRS-1 pathway. RESULTS Rife reducing hepatic ERK and IRS-1 protein expression in T2DM rats. Untargeted metabolomics identified 13 potential biomarkers and 4 differential metabolic pathways related to glycolipid metabolism disorders. CONCLUSIONS Rife demonstrated improved glycolipid metabolism in T2DM rats by inhibiting the ERK/IRS-1 related signaling pathway and influencing multiple metabolic pathways. This study provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic mechanisms of Rife in the context of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Zonghao Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, 810001, China
| | - Qingyun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Qinghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Qinghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Qinghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Qinghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Qinghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Control of Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
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Xu R, Bi Y, He X, Zhang Y, Zhao X. Kidney-tonifying blood-activating decoction delays ventricular remodeling in rats with chronic heart failure by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p65 nuclear factor kappa-B/aquaporin-4 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118110. [PMID: 38580189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myocardial infarction has likely contributed to the increased prevalence of heart failure(HF).As a result of ventricular remodeling and reduced cardiac function, colonic blood flow decreases, causing mucosal ischemia and hypoxia of the villous structure of the intestinal wall.This damage in gut barrier function increases bowel wall permeability, leading to fluid metabolism disorder,gut microbial dysbiosis, increased gut bacteria translocation into the circulatory system and increased circulating endotoxins, thus promoting a typical inflammatory state.Traditional Chinese Medicine plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of HF.Kidney-tonifying Blood-activating(KTBA) decoction has been proved for clinical treatment of chronic HF.However,the mechanism of KTBA decoction on chronic HF is still unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY The effect of KTBA decoction on gut microbiota and metabolites and p38MAPK/p65NF-κB/AQP4 signaling in rat colon was studied to investigate the mechanism that KTBA decoction delays ventricular remodeling and regulates water metabolism disorder in rats with HF after myocardial infarction based on the theory of "Kidney Storing Essence and Conducting Water". MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo,a rat model of HF after myocardial infarction was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery combined with exhaustive swimming and starvation.The successful modeling rats were randomly divided into five groups:model group, tolvaptan group(gavaged 1.35mg/(kg•D) tolvaptan),KTBA decoction group(gavaged 15.75g/(kg•D) of KTBA decoction),KTBA decoction combined with SB203580(p38MAPK inhibitor) group(gavaged 15.75g/(kg•D) of KTBA decoction and intraperitoneally injected 1.5mg/(kg•D) of SB203580),and KTBA decoction combined with PDTC(p65NF-kB inhibitor) group(gavaged 15.75g/(kg•D) of KTBA decoction and intraperitoneally injected 120mg/(kg•D) of PDTC).The sham-operation group and model group were gavaged equal volume of normal saline.After 4 weeks of intervention with KTBA decoction,the effect of KTBA decoction on the cardiac structure and function of chronic HF model rats was observed by ultrasonic cardiogram.General state and cardiac index in rats were evaluated.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration in rat serum.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining,and transmission electron microscope(TEM) were used to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of myocardial and colonic tissue,and myocardial fibrosis was measured by Masson's staining.Cardiac E-cadherin level was detected by Western blot.The mRNA expression and protein expression levels of p38MAPK,I-κBα, p65NF-κB,AQP4,Occludin and ZO-1 in colonic tissue were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Protein expression of p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK,I-κBα,p-I-κBα,p65NF-κB, p-p65NF-κB,AQP4,Occludin and ZO-1 in rat colon was detected using Western blot.Colonic microbiota and serum metabolites were respectively analyzed by amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.In vitro, CCD-841CoN cell was placed in the ischemic solution under hypoxic conditions (94%N2,5%CO2,and 1%O2) in a 37 °C incubator to establish an ischemia and hypoxia model.The CCD-841CoN cells were divided into 7 groups, namely blank group and model group with normal rat serum plus control siRNA, tolvaptan group with rat serum containing tolvaptan plus control siRNA, KTBA group with rat serum containing KTBA plus control siRNA, KTBA plus p38MAPK siRNA group, KTBA plus p65NF-κB siRNA group,and KTBA plus AQP4siRNA group.After 24h and 48h of intervention with KTBA decoction,RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence and Western blot was used to detect the mRNA expression and protein expression levels of p38MAPK,I-κBα,p65NF-κB,AQP4, Occludin and ZO-1 in CCD-841CoN cells. RESULTS Compared with the model, KTBA decoction improved the general state, decraesed the serum NT-proBNP level,HW/BW ratio, LVIDd and LVIDs, increased E-cadherin level,EF and FS,reduced number of collagen fibers deposited in the myocardial interstitium,and recovered irregular arrangement of myofibril and swollen or vacuolated mitochondria with broken crista in myocardium.Moreover, KTBA decoction inhibited the expression of p38MAPK,I-κBα,and p65NF-κB and upregulated AQP4, Occludin and ZO-1 in colon tissues and CCD-841CoN cells.Additionally,p38siRNA or SB203580, p65siRNA or PDTC, and AQP4siRNA partially weakened the protective effects of KTBA in vitro and vivo.Notably,The LEfSe analysis results showed that there were six gut biomaker bacteria in model group, including Allobaculum, Bacillales,Turicibacter, Turicibacterales,Turicibacteraceae,and Bacilli. Besides, three gut biomaker bacteria containing Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae,and Desulfovibrionales were enriched by KTBA treatment in chronic HF model.There were five differential metabolites, including L-Leucine,Pelargonic acid, Capsidiol,beta-Carotene,and L- Erythrulose, which can be regulated back in the same changed metabolic routes by the intervention of KTBA.L-Leucine had the positive correlation with Bacillales, Turicibacterales,Turicibacteraceae,and Turicibacter.L-Leucine significantly impacts Protein digestion and absorption, Mineral absorption,and Central carbon metabolism in cancer regulated by KTBA, which is involved in the expression of MAPK and tight junction in intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS KTBA decoction manipulates the expression of several key proteins in the p38MAPK/p65NF-κB/AQP4 signaling pathway, modulates gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improves gut barrier function, delays cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis,and improves cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang,Liaoning 110847,China
| | - Yanping Bi
- Jilin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Jilin,Jilin 132000,China
| | - Xiaoteng He
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang,Liaoning 110847,China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
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Bodhale N, Saha S, Gurjar D, Grandchamp N, Sarkar A, Saha B. Leishmania donovani mitogen-activated protein kinases as a host-parasite interaction interface. Cytokine 2024; 179:156627. [PMID: 38703436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a major globally re-emerging neglected tropical disease, has a restricted repertoire of chemotherapeutic options due to a narrow therapeutic index, drug resistance, or patient non-compliance due to toxicity. The disease is caused by the parasite Leishmania that resides in two different forms in two different environments: as sessile intracellular amastigotes within mammalian macrophages and as motile promastigotes in sandfly gut. As mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in cellular differentiation and survival, we studied the expression of Leishmania donovani MAPKs (LdMAPKs). The homology studies by multiple sequence alignment show that excepting LdMAPK1 and LdMAPK2, all thirteen other LdMAPKs share homology with human ERK and p38 isoforms. Expression of LdMAPK4 and LdMAPK5 is less in avirulent promastigotes and amastigotes. Compared to miltefosine-sensitive L. donovani parasites, miltefosine-resistant parasites have higher LdMAPK1, LdMAPK3-5, LdMAPK7-11, LdMAPK13, and LdMAPK14 expression. IL-4-treatment of macrophages down-regulated LdMAPK11, in virulent amastigotes whereas up-regulated LdMAPK5, but down-regulated LdMAPK6, LdMAPK12-15, expression in avirulent amastigotes. IL-4 up-regulated LdMAPK1 expression in both virulent and avirulent amastigotes. IFN-γ-treatment down-regulated LdMAPK6, LdMAPK13, and LdMAPK15 in avirulent amastigotes but up-regulated in virulent amastigotes. This complex profile of LdMAPKs expression among virulent and avirulent parasites, drug-resistant parasites, and in amastigotes within IL-4 or IFN-γ-treated macrophages suggests that LdMAPKs are differentially controlled at the host-parasite interface regulating parasite survival and differentiation, and in the course of IL-4 or IFN-γ dominated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saptaparnee Saha
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Dhiraj Gurjar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | | | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India.
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Li M, Ren Q, Chen K, Yin R, Li W, Fang Z, Liu S, Lan L, Hong G. Regulation of macrophage polarization and glucose metabolism by the ERK/MAPK-HK1 signaling pathway in paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 397:111062. [PMID: 38763349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is the leading cause of paraquat (PQ) poisoning-related mortality. The mechanism by which macrophages are involved in PQ-induced acute lung injury remains unclear. In recent years, the role of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage functional transformation has received significant attention. The current study aimed to identify the role of altered macrophage glucose metabolism and molecular mechanisms in PQ poisoning-induced acute lung injury. We established a model of acute lung injury in PQ-intoxicated mice via the intraperitoneal injection of PQ. PQ exposure induces macrophage M1 polarization and promotes the release of inflammatory factors, which causes the development of acute lung injury in mice. In vitro analysis revealed that PQ altered glucose metabolism, which could be reversed by siRNA transfection to silence the expression of HK1, a key enzyme in glucose metabolism. RNA sequencing revealed that the ERK/MAPK pathway was the crucial molecular mechanism of PQ pathogenesis. Further, U0126, an ERK inhibitor, could inhibit PQ-induced HK1 activation and macrophage M1 polarization. These findings provide novel insights into the previously unrecognized mechanism of ERK/MAPK-HK1 activation in PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qinghuan Ren
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zuochun Fang
- Longgang Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Sunxiang Liu
- Longgang Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Linhua Lan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Guangliang Hong
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Longgang Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Ding Y, Chen Q. Recent advances on signaling pathways and their inhibitors in spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116938. [PMID: 38878684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling central nervous system injury. Its complex pathological mechanism can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction. It has been reported that signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathological process and neuronal recovery mechanism of SCI. Such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. According to reports, various stimuli and cytokines activate these signaling pathways related to SCI pathology, thereby participating in the regulation of pathological processes such as inflammation response, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glial scar formation after injury. Activation or inhibition of relevant pathways can delay inflammatory response, reduce neuronal apoptosis, prevent glial scar formation, improve the microenvironment after SCI, and promote neural function recovery. Based on the role of signaling pathways in SCI, they may be potential targets for the treatment of SCI. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathway and its inhibitors may be beneficial to the development of SCI therapeutic targets and new drugs. This paper mainly summarizes the pathophysiological process of SCI, the signaling pathways involved in SCI pathogenesis, and the potential role of specific inhibitors/activators in its treatment. In addition, this review also discusses the deficiencies and defects of signaling pathways in SCI research. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for future research on signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCI and provide theoretical basis for SCI biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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Rajabloo Y, Latifi H, Akhlaghipour I, Taghehchian N, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-409: Molecular functions and clinical applications in cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101728. [PMID: 38737729 PMCID: PMC11087923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Late diagnosis is one of the main reasons for high mortality rates in cancer patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor progression can improve the cancer diagnosis in the early stages of the tumor progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in regulation of cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and migration. Since, deregulation of miR-409 has been reported in a wide range of cancers, in the present review, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of miR-409 during tumor progression and invasion. It has been shown that miR-409 functions as a tumor suppressor in different tumor types. MiR-409 can reduce tumor cell proliferation, growth, and migration by regulation of signaling pathways, cellular metabolism, transcription factors, and cellular adhesion. This review can be an effective step in introducing miR-409 as a non-invasive marker in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Rajabloo
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Latifi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chen Y, Guo Y, Wang C, Liu J, Jin L, Li Z, Ren A, Wang L. Chromium levels in placental tissue and neural tube defects: Association and mechanistic study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124126. [PMID: 38735460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Human exposure to chromium (Cr) is common but little is known about its adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to explore the association between Cr exposure and the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) and the underlying mechanisms of Cr-induced NTDs. 593 controls and 408 NTD cases with placentas were included in this study. Chromium trichloride (Cr(III)) and potassium dichromate (Cr(VI)) were intragastrically administered to pregnant mice and the number of NTDs was recorded. The odds ratio for total NTDs in the highest exposure group in placenta was 4.18 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.97-8.84). The incidence of fetal NTDs in mice administered with Cr(III) showed a dose-response relationship. Cr(VI) didn't show teratogenicity of NTDs whereas increased the stillbirth rate. Prenatal exposure to Cr(III) increased levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in fetal mice. RNA-sequencing results indicated significant enrichment of the MAPK pathway. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis revealed that Cr(III) induced increased expression of p-JNK, p-P38, and Casp3. Toxicological effects can be partly antagonized by antioxidant supplementation. High chromium exposure was associated with increased human NTD risks. Excessive Cr(III) exposure can induce NTDs in fetal mice by increasing apoptosis through upgrading oxidative stress and then activating JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yingnan Guo
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China.
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Zhang J, Wang X, Li K, Rao W, Jiao X, Liang W, Gao H, Wang D, Cao Y, Wei X, Yang J. Hyperosmotic Stress Induces Inflammation and Excessive Th17 Response to Blunt T-Cell Immunity in Tilapia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1877-1890. [PMID: 38700398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in study on osmotic physiology in bony fish, the mechanism by which the immune system, especially T-cell immunity, adapts and responds to osmotic stress remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the response of T cells to hyperosmotic stress in the bony fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). As a euryhaline fish, tilapia was able to adapt to a wide range of salinities; however, hypertonic stress caused inflammation and excessive T-cell activation. Furthermore, hypertonic stress increased the expression of IL-17A in T cells, upregulated the transcription factor RORα, and activated STAT3 signaling, along with IL-6- and TGF-β1-mediated pathways, revealing an enhanced Th17 response in this early vertebrate. These hypertonic stress-induced events collectively resulted in an impaired antibacterial immune response in tilapia. Hypertonic stress elevated the intracellular ROS level, which in turn activated the p38-MK2 signaling pathway to promote IL-17A production by T cells. Both ROS elimination and the p38-MK2 axis blockade diminished the increased IL-17A production in T cells under hypertonic conditions. Moreover, the produced proinflammatory cytokines further amplified the hypertonic stress signaling via the MKK6-p38-MK2 axis-mediated positive feedback loop. To our knowledge, these findings represent the first description of the mechanism by which T-cell immunity responds to hypertonic stress in early vertebrates, thus providing a novel perspective for understanding the adaptive evolution of T cells under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhuo Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
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10
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Gao YN, Wang ZW, Su CY, Wang JQ, Zheng N. Omics analysis revealed the intestinal toxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116336. [PMID: 38691883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a common mycotoxin, can occur in agricultural products. As a metabolite of AFB1, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) mainly exist in dairy products. These two mycotoxins threaten human health, although it is unclear how they affect the function of the intestinal barrier. In this study, mice were exposed to AFB1 (0.3 mg/kg body b.w.) and AFM1(3.0 mg/kg b.w.) either individually or in combination for 28 days to explore the main differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and the associated enriched pathways. These findings were preliminarily verified by the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in differentiated Caco-2 cells. The results revealed that AFB1 and AFM1 exposure in mice disrupted the function of the intestinal barrier, and the combined toxicity was greater than that of each toxin alone. Further proteomic analysis in mice demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying these differences could be explained as follows: (i) lipid metabolism was enriched by AFB1-induced DEPs. (ii) protein export pathway was stimulated by AFM1-induced DEPs. (iii) cell metabolic ability was inhibited (as evidenced by changes in UDP-GT1, UDP-GT2, and Gatm6), apoptosis was induced (MAP4K3), and epithelial cell integrity was disrupted (Claudin7 and IQGAP2), resulting in more extensive intestinal damage after combined treatment. In conclusion, the hazardous impact of co-exposure to AFB1 and AFM1 from proteomic perspectives was demonstrated in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuan-You Su
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Jang YB, Kim JY, Bahn YS. Unraveling the cryptic functions of mitogen-activated protein kinases Cpk2 and Mpk2 in Cryptococcus neoformans. mBio 2024:e0115624. [PMID: 38874410 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01156-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are fundamental to the regulation of biological processes in eukaryotic organisms. The basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans, known for causing fungal meningitis worldwide, possesses five MAPKs. Among these, Cpk1, Hog1, and Mpk1 have established roles in sexual reproduction, stress responses, and cell wall integrity. However, the roles of Cpk2 and Mpk2 are less understood. Our study elucidates the functional interplay between the Cpk1/Cpk2 and Mpk1/Mpk2 MAPK pathways in C. neoformans. We discovered that CPK2 overexpression compensates for cpk1Δ mating deficiencies via the Mat2 transcription factor, revealing functional redundancy between Cpk1 and Cpk2. We also found that Mpk2 is phosphorylated in response to cell wall stress, a process regulated by the MAPK kinase (MAP2K) Mkk2 and MAP2K kinases (MAP3Ks) Ssk2 and Ste11. Overexpression of MPK2 partially restores cell wall integrity in mpk1Δ by influencing key cell wall components, such as chitin and the polysaccharide capsule. Contrarily, MPK2 overexpression cannot restore thermotolerance and cell membrane integrity in mpk1Δ. These results suggest that Mpk1 and Mpk2 have redundant and opposing roles in the cellular response to cell wall and membrane stresses. Most notably, the dual deletion of MPK1 and MPK2 restores wild-type mating efficiency in cpk1Δ mutants via upregulation of the mating-regulating transcription factors MAT2 and ZNF2, suggesting that the Mpk1 and Mpk2 cooperate to negatively regulate the pheromone-responsive Cpk1 MAPK pathway. Our research collectively underscores a sophisticated regulatory network of cryptococcal MAPK signaling pathways that intricately govern sexual reproduction and cell wall integrity, thereby controlling fungal development and pathogenicity.IMPORTANCEIn the realm of fungal biology, our study on Cryptococcus neoformans offers pivotal insights into the roles of specific proteins called mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Here, we discovered the cryptic functions of Cpk2 and Mpk2, two MAPKs previously overshadowed by their dominant counterparts Cpk1 and Mpk1, respectively. Our findings reveal that these "underdog" proteins are not just backup players; they play crucial roles in vital processes like mating and cell wall maintenance in C. neoformans. Their ability to step in and compensate when their dominant counterparts are absent showcases the adaptability of C. neoformans. This newfound understanding not only enriches our knowledge of fungal MAPK mechanisms but also underscores the intricate balance and interplay of proteins in ensuring the organism's survival and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Byeong Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Hossain MA. Targeting the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathway for Cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176727. [PMID: 38866361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer often involves the overactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways due to mutations in genes like RAS, RAF, PTEN, and PIK3CA. Various strategies are employed to address the overactivation of these pathways, among which targeted therapy emerges as a promising approach. Directly targeting specific proteins, leads to encouraging results in cancer treatment. For instance, RTK inhibitors such as imatinib and afatinib selectively target these receptors, hindering ligand binding and reducing signaling initiation. These inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Other inhibitors, like lonafarnib targeting Farnesyltransferase and GGTI 2418 targeting geranylgeranyl Transferase, disrupt post-translational modifications of proteins. Additionally, inhibition of proteins like SOS, SH2 domain, and Ras demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Targeting downstream components with RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib, along with MEK inhibitors like trametinib and binimetinib, has shown promising outcomes in treating cancers with BRAF-V600E mutations, including myeloma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, inhibitors of PI3K (e.g., apitolisib, copanlisib), AKT (e.g., ipatasertib, perifosine), and mTOR (e.g., sirolimus, temsirolimus) exhibit promising efficacy against various cancers such as Invasive Breast Cancer, Lymphoma, Neoplasms, and hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific proteins within the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;.
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13
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Al-Hawary SIS, Jasim SA, Altalbawy FMA, Hjazi A, Jyothi SR, Kumar A, Eldesoqui M, Rasulova MT, Sinha A, Zwamel AH. Highlighting the role of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis and response to therapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:171. [PMID: 38849654 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins are known as long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs. Now, they are becoming more significant as important regulators of gene expression, and as a result, of many biological processes in both healthy and pathological circumstances, such as blood malignancies. Through controlling alternative splicing, transcription, and translation at the post-transcriptional level, lncRNAs have an impact on the expression of genes. In multiple myeloma (MM), the majority of lncRNAs is elevated and promotes the proliferation, adhesion, drug resistance and invasion of MM cells by blocking apoptosis and altering the tumor microenvironment (TME). To control mRNA splicing, stability, and translation, they either directly attach to the target mRNA or transfer RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). By expressing certain miRNA-binding sites that function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), most lncRNAs mimic the actions of miRNAs. Here, we highlight lncRNAs role in the MM pathogenesis with emphasize on their capacity to control the molecular mechanisms known as "hallmarks of cancer," which permit earlier tumor initiation and progression and malignant cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Renuka Jyothi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | - Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, 13713, Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - M T Rasulova
- Department of Physiology, Dean of the Faculty of Therapeutics, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, Uzbekistan
- Western Caspian University, Scientific Researcher, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Aashna Sinha
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Divison of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University Dehradun, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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14
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Zhang Y, Naguro I, Ryuno H, Herr A. Contact Blot: Microfluidic Control and Measurement of Cell-Cell Contact State to Assess Contact-Inhibited ERK Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.06.565857. [PMID: 37986875 PMCID: PMC10659358 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.565857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is essential to regulated cell behaviors, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The influence of cell-cell contacts on ERK signaling is central to epithelial cells, yet few studies have sought to understand the same in cancer cells, particularly with single-cell resolution. To acquire same-cell measurements of both phenotypic (cell-contact state) and targeted-protein profile (ERK phosphorylation), we prepend high-content, whole-cell imaging prior to endpoint cellular-resolution western blot analyses for each of hundreds of individual HeLa cancer cells cultured on that same chip, which we call contact Blot. By indexing the phosphorylation level of ERK in each cell or cell-cluster to the imaged cell-contact state, we compare ERK signaling between isolated and in-contact cells. We observe attenuated (~2×) ERK signaling in HeLa cells which are in-contact versus isolated. Attenuation is sustained when the HeLa cells are challenged with hyperosmotic stress. Our findings show the impact of cell-cell contacts on ERK activation with isolated and in-contact cells, while introducing a multi omics tool for control and scrutiny of cell-cell interactions.
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15
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Goyal A, Sikarwar O, Verma A, Solanki K, Agrawal N, Dubey N, Yadav HN. Unveiling myricetin's pharmacological potency: A comprehensive exploration of the molecular pathways with special focus on PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23739. [PMID: 38769721 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Myricetin can be found in the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Myrica rubra. Myricetin is a flavonoid that is present in many vegetables, fruits, and plants and is considered to have strong antioxidant properties as well as a wide range of therapeutic applications. Growing interest has been piqued by its classification as a polyphenolic molecule because of its potential therapeutic benefits in both the prevention and management of numerous medical conditions. To clarify myricetin's traditional medical uses, modern research has investigated various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antiviral, antidiabetic, immunomodulation, and antineurodegenerative effects. Myricetin shows promise as a nutritional flavonol that could be beneficial in the prevention and mitigation of prevalent health conditions like diabetes, cognitive decline, and various types of cancer in humans. The findings included in this study indicate that myricetin has a great deal of promise for application in the formulation of medicinal products and nutritional supplements since it affects several enzyme activities and alters inflammatory markers. However, comprehensive preclinical studies and research studies are necessary to lay the groundwork for assessing myricetin's possible effectiveness in treating these long-term ailments. This review summarizes both in vivo and in vitro studies investigating myricetin's possible interactions through the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) signaling pathways in an attempt to clarify the compound's possible clinical applicability across a range of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om Sikarwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kunal Solanki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neetu Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Harlokesh Narayan Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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16
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Yan Y, Dai T, Guo M, Zhao X, Chen C, Zhou Y, Qin M, Xu L, Zhao J. A review of non-classical MAPK family member, MAPK4: A pivotal player in cancer development and therapeutic intervention. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132686. [PMID: 38801852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that play a crucial role in transmitting extracellular signals to the intracellular environment, influencing a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolic activities, immune function and stress response. MAPK4, a non-classical MAPK, is frequently overexpressed in various malignancies, including prostate, breast, cervix, thyroid, and gliomas. It orchestrates cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis via the AKT/mTOR and/or PDK1 signaling pathways, thus facilitating tumor cell growth. Furthermore, MAPK4 expression is closely associated with the effectiveness of specific inhibitors like PI3K and PARP1, and also correlate with the survival rates of cancer patients. Increasing evidence highlights MAPK4's involvement in the tumor microenvironment, modulating immune response and inflammation-related diseases. This review comprehensively explores the structure, function, and oncogenic role of MAPK4, providing a deeper understanding of its activation and mechanisms of action in tumorigenesis, which might be helpful for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yan
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tengkun Dai
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China; School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China; School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Medical physics, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China.
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17
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Zhong Q, Wang D, Mai H, Chen R, Xu Y, Lei M, Xie J, Tang Z, Fu J, Chen Y, Wang J, Shi Z, Cheng H. Injectable thermo-responsive Poloxamer hydrogel/methacrylate gelatin microgels stimulates bone regeneration through biomimetic programmed release of SDF-1a and IGF-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132742. [PMID: 38821297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels, offering adaptable drug delivery of growth factors (GFs), hold promise for treating bone defects. To optimize osteogenic efficacy, the release of GFs should mirror the natural bone healing. We developed an injectable thermo-responsive hydrogel/microgels platform for dual GF delivery for bone regeneration. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1a) and the Methacrylate Gelatin (GelMA) microgels which encapsulated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) loaded liposomes (Ls) were introduced into Poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel matrix. This system achieved the biomimetic release profile of SDF-1a and IGF-1, which covered the early stage from day 1 to 7 and the continuous stage from day 5 to 21, respectively. In vitro study confirmed the enhanced migration, osteogenic biomarker expression, and matrix mineralization of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) co-cultivated with the dual GFs delivering hydrogel/microgels. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the potential mechanism was associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling activation and its downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) upregulation. In a critical-sized calvarial defect model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, the injectable hydrogel/microgels system promoted significant bone regeneration. Collectively, our study suggested the current hydrogel/microgels system with the biomimetic release of SDF-1a and IGF-1 efficiently promoted bone regeneration, informing the future development of GF delivery systems intended for bone regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Mai
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zinan Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlang Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhanjun Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 # Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Sun M, Zheng Q, Wang L, Wang R, Cui H, Zhang X, Xu C, Yin F, Yan H, Qiao X. Alcohol Consumption During Adolescence Alters the Cognitive Function in Adult Male Mice by Persistently Increasing Levels of DUSP6. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3161-3178. [PMID: 37978157 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Binge alcohol drinking during adolescence has long-term effects on the adult brain that alter brain structure and behaviors, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is involved in the synaptic plasticity and pathological brain injury by regulating the expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) is a critical effector that dephosphorylates ERK1/2 to control the basal tone, amplitude, and duration of ERK signaling. To explore DUSP6 as a regulator of ERK signaling in the mPFC and its impact on long-term effects of alcohol, a male mouse model of adolescent intermittent alcohol (AIA) exposure was established. Behavioral experiments showed that AIA did not affect anxiety-like behavior or sociability in adulthood, but significantly damaged new object recognition and social recognition memory. Molecular studies further found that AIA reduced the levels of pERK-pCREB-BDNF-PSD95/NR2A involved in synaptic plasticity, while DUSP6 was significantly increased. Intra-mPFC infusion of AAV-DUSP6-shRNA restored the dendritic spine density and postsynaptic density thickness by reversing the level of p-ERK and its downstream molecular expression, and ultimately repaired adult cognitive impairment caused by chronic alcohol exposure during adolescence. These findings indicate that AIA exposure inhibits ERK-CREB-BDNF-PSD95/NR2A by increasing DUSP6 in the mPFC in adulthood that may be associated with long-lasting cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizhu Sun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Qingmeng Zheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Runzhi Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hengzhen Cui
- Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fangyuan Yin
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongtao Yan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Qiao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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19
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Millward DJ. Post-natal muscle growth and protein turnover: a narrative review of current understanding. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:141-168. [PMID: 37395180 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A model explaining the dietary-protein-driven post-natal skeletal muscle growth and protein turnover in the rat is updated, and the mechanisms involved are described, in this narrative review. Dietary protein controls both bone length and muscle growth, which are interrelated through mechanotransduction mechanisms with muscle growth induced both from stretching subsequent to bone length growth and from internal work against gravity. This induces satellite cell activation, myogenesis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix, establishing a growth capacity for myofibre length and cross-sectional area. Protein deposition within this capacity is enabled by adequate dietary protein and other key nutrients. After briefly reviewing the experimental animal origins of the growth model, key concepts and processes important for growth are reviewed. These include the growth in number and size of the myonuclear domain, satellite cell activity during post-natal development and the autocrine/paracrine action of IGF-1. Regulatory and signalling pathways reviewed include developmental mechanotransduction, signalling through the insulin/IGF-1-PI3K-Akt and the Ras-MAPK pathways in the myofibre and during mechanotransduction of satellite cells. Likely pathways activated by maximal-intensity muscle contractions are highlighted and the regulation of the capacity for protein synthesis in terms of ribosome assembly and the translational regulation of 5-TOPmRNA classes by mTORC1 and LARP1 are discussed. Evidence for and potential mechanisms by which volume limitation of muscle growth can occur which would limit protein deposition within the myofibre are reviewed. An understanding of how muscle growth is achieved allows better nutritional management of its growth in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Joe Millward
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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20
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Chen X, Zhong Y, Wang S, Xu S, Chen J, Cheng X, Yang X. Reversine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells through targeting MEK1. J Bone Oncol 2024; 46:100601. [PMID: 38706714 PMCID: PMC11063522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2024.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Reversine, or 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine, is a 2,6-disubstituted purine derivative. This small molecule shows anti-tumor potential by playing a central role in the inhibition of several kinases related to cell cycle regulation and cytokinesis. In this study, systematic review demonstrated the feasibility and pharmacological mechanism of anti-tumor effect of reversine. Firstly, we grafted MNNG/HOS, U-2 OS, MG-63 osteosarcoma cell aggregates onto chicken embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to examine the tumor volume of these grafts after reversine treatment. Following culture, reversine inhibited the growth of osteosarcoma cell aggregates on CAM significantly. In vitro experiment, reversine suppressed osteosarcoma cell viability, colony formation, proliferation, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0-G1 phase. Scratch wound assay demonstrated that reversine restrained cell migration. Reversine increased the protein expression of E-cadherin. The mRNA expression of Rac1, RhoA, CDC42, PTK2, PXN, N-cadherin, Vimentin in MNNG/HOS, U-2 OS and MG-63 cells were suppressed and PTEN increased after reversine treatment. Network pharmacology prediction, molecular docking and systematic review revealed MEK1 can be used as an effective target for reversine to inhibit osteosarcoma. Western blot results show the regulation of MEK1 and ERK1/2 by reversine was not consistent in different osteosarcoma cell lines, but we found that reversine significantly inhibited the protein expression of MEK1 in MNNG/HOS, U-2 OS and MG-63. All these suggested that reversine can exert its anti-tumor effect by targeting the expression of MEK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Chen
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yeyin Zhong
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Simiao Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shujie Xu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junyuan Chen
- Center for Bone, Joint and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Clinical Research Center, Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou 511495, China
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21
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Zhang T, Yi Q, Huang W, Feng J, Liu H. New insights into the roles of Irisin in diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116631. [PMID: 38663105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease in the 21st century due to increased lifespan and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Extensive research indicates that exercise can play a significant role in regulating systemic metabolism by improving energy metabolism and mitigating various metabolic disorders, including DM. Irisin, a well-known exerkine, was initially reported to enhance energy expenditure by indicating the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Irisin on glucose dysmetabolism, including reducing gluconeogenesis, enhancing insulin energy expenditure, and promoting glycogenesis. Additionally, we highlight Irisin's potential to improve diabetic vascular diseases by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production, reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress, curbing inflammation, and attenuating endothelial cell aging. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Irisin to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing cardiomyocyte loss and reducing myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Given Irisin's promising functions in managing diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases, targeting Irisin for therapeutic purposes could be a fruitful avenue for future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Zhang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The Third People's Hospital of Longmatan District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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22
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Shaukat A, Hanif S, Shaukat I, Rajput SA, Shukat R, Huang SC, H Almutairi M, Shaukat S, Ali M, Hassan M, Kiani FA, Su RW. Up-regulation of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic mediators via inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-associated pathways in bovine endometritis. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106660. [PMID: 38657710 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Endometritis is the inflammation of the endothelial lining of the uterine lumen and is multifactorial in etiology. Escherichia (E.) coli is a Gram-negative bacteria, generally considered as a primary causative agent for bovine endometritis. Bovine endometritis is characterized by the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by E. coli, which in turn triggers inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic markers related to endometritis in the uteri of cows. Twenty uterine tissues were collected from the abattoir. Histologically, congestion, edema, hyperemia, and hemorrhagic lesions with massive infiltration of neutrophil and cell necrosis were detected markedly (P < 0.05) in infected uterine samples. Additionally, we identify E. coli using the ybbW gene (177 base pairs; E. coli-specific gene) from infected uterine samples. Moreover, qPCR and western blot results indicated that TLR2, TLR4, proinflammatory mediators, and apoptosis-mediated genes upregulated except Bcl-2, which is antiapoptotic, and there were downregulations of oxidative stress-related genes in the infected uterine tissue. The results of our study suggested that different gene expression regimes related to the immune system reflex were activated in infected uteri. This research gives a novel understanding of active immunological response in bovine endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Shaukat
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sana Hanif
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Irfan Shaukat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Feed and Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Shukat
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Cheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Shaukat
- Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Mehboob Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mubashar Hassan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Faisal Ayub Kiani
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren-Wei Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Pasula MB, Sylvester PW, Briski KP. GLUT2 regulation of p38 MAPK isoform protein expression and p38 phosphorylation in male versus female rat hypothalamic primary astrocyte Cultures. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:635-642. [PMID: 38832087 PMCID: PMC11144729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies documented regulation of hypothalamic astrocyte mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, including p38, by the plasma membrane glucose carrier/sensor glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2). Sex-specific GLUT2 control of p38 phosphorylation was observed, but effects on individual p38 family protein profiles were not investigated. Current research employed an established primary astrocyte culture model, gene knockdown tools, and selective primary antisera against p38-alpha, p38-beta, p38-gamma, and p38-delta isoforms to investigate whether GLUT2 governs expression of one or more of these variants in a glucose-dependent manner. Data show that GLUT2 inhibits baseline expression of each p38 protein in male cultures, yet stimulates p38-delta profiles without affecting other p38 proteins in female. Glucose starvation caused selective up-regulation of p38-delta profiles in male versus p38-alpha and -gamma proteins in female; these positive responses were amplified by GLUT2 siRNA pretreatment. GLUT2 opposes or enhances basal p38 phosphorylation in male versus female, respectively. GLUT2 siRNA pretreatment did not affect glucoprivic patterns of phospho-p38 protein expression in either sex. Outcomes document co-expression of the four principal p38 MAPK family proteins in hypothalamic astrocytes, and implicate GLUT2 in regulation of all (male) versus one (female) variant(s). Glucoprivation up-regulated expression of distinctive p38 isoforms in each sex; these stimulatory responses are evidently blunted by GLUT2. Glucoprivic-associated loss of GLUT2 gene silencing effects on p38 phosphorylation infers either that glucose status determines whether this sensor controls phosphorylation, or that decrements in screened glucose in each instance are of sufficient magnitude to abolish GLUT2 regulation of that function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Babu Pasula
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Paul W. Sylvester
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Karen P. Briski
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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24
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Xiang H, Li Z, Li Y, Zheng J, Dou M, Xue W, Wu X. Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 protects against kidney injury caused by ischaemia-reperfusion through restraint of TAK1-JNK/p38-mediated apoptosis and inflammation of renal tubular epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 487:116954. [PMID: 38705402 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) acts as a pivotal player in the transduction of signalling cascades with its dephosphorylating activity. Currently, DUSP26 attracts extensive attention due to its particular function in several pathological conditions. However, whether DUSP26 plays a role in kidney ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is unknown. Aims of the current work were to explore the relevance of DUSP26 in kidney IR damage. DUSP26 levels were found to be decreased in renal tubular epithelial cells following hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) and kidney samples subjected to IR treatments. DUSP26-overexpressed renal tubular epithelial cells exhibited protection against HR-caused apoptosis and inflammation, while DUSP26-depleted renal tubular epithelial cells were more sensitive to HR damage. Upregulation of DUSP26 in rat kidneys by infecting adenovirus expressing DUSP26 markedly ameliorated kidney injury caused by IR, while also effectively reducing apoptosis and inflammation. The mechanistic studies showed that the activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-JNK/p38 MAPK, contributing to kidney injury under HR or IR conditions, was restrained by increasing DUSP26 expression. Pharmacological restraint of TAK1 markedly diminished DUSP26-depletion-exacebated effects on JNK/p38 activation and HR injury of renal tubular cells. The work reported a renal-protective function of DUSP26, which protects against IR-related kidney damage via the intervention effects on the TAK1-JNK/p38 axis. The findings laid a foundation for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of kidney IR injury and provide a prospective target for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Xiang
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Zepeng Li
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Meng Dou
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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25
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Sinha NK, McKenney C, Yeow ZY, Li JJ, Nam KH, Yaron-Barir TM, Johnson JL, Huntsman EM, Cantley LC, Ordureau A, Regot S, Green R. The ribotoxic stress response drives UV-mediated cell death. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00527-0. [PMID: 38843833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
While ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages DNA, eliciting the DNA damage response (DDR), it also damages RNA, triggering transcriptome-wide ribosomal collisions and eliciting a ribotoxic stress response (RSR). However, the relative contributions, timing, and regulation of these pathways in determining cell fate is unclear. Here we use time-resolved phosphoproteomic, chemical-genetic, single-cell imaging, and biochemical approaches to create a chronological atlas of signaling events activated in cells responding to UV damage. We discover that UV-induced apoptosis is mediated by the RSR kinase ZAK and not through the DDR. We identify two negative-feedback modules that regulate ZAK-mediated apoptosis: (1) GCN2 activation limits ribosomal collisions and attenuates ZAK-mediated RSR and (2) ZAK activity leads to phosphodegron autophosphorylation and its subsequent degradation. These events tune ZAK's activity to collision levels to establish regimes of homeostasis, tolerance, and death, revealing its key role as the cellular sentinel for nucleic acid damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri K Sinha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Connor McKenney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhong Y Yeow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tomer M Yaron-Barir
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emily M Huntsman
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Rachel Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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26
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Deng Y, Li Y, Yang M, Gao Y, Luo X, Chen H, Guo M, Yang X, Liu Y, He J, Lu B, Liu N. Carfilzomib activates ER stress and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling to promote apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:697-708. [PMID: 38591121 PMCID: PMC11177107 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers in the world, which is frequently diagnosed at a late stage. HCC patients have a poor prognosis due to the lack of an efficacious therapeutic strategy. Approved drug repurposing is a way for accelerating drug discovery and can significantly reduce the cost of drug development. Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, which is highly efficacious against multiple myeloma and has been reported to possess potential antitumor activities against multiple cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of CFZ on HCC is still unclear. Here, we show that CFZ inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells through cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and suppresses the migration and invasion of HCC cells by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We also find that CFZ promotes reactive oxygen species production to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate JNK/p38 MAPK signaling in HCC cells, thus inducing cell death in HCC cells. Moreover, CFZ significantly inhibits HCC cell growth in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, our study elucidates that CFZ impairs mitochondrial function and activates ER stress and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling, thus inhibiting HCC cell and tumor growth. This indicates that CFZ has the potential as a therapeutic drug for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver DiseaseThe Affiliated Nanhua Hospital and Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver DiseaseThe Affiliated Nanhua Hospital and Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver DiseaseThe Affiliated Nanhua Hospital and Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver DiseaseThe Affiliated Nanhua Hospital and Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Yongzhang Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver DiseaseThe Affiliated Nanhua Hospital and Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver DiseaseThe Affiliated Nanhua Hospital and Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Naxin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
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27
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Zacarias O, Clement CC, Cheng SY, Rosas M, Gonzalez C, Peter M, Coopman P, Champeil E. Mitomycin C and its analog trigger cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and K562 cancer cells through the regulation of RAS and MAPK/ERK pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111007. [PMID: 38642817 PMCID: PMC11102841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MC) is an anti-cancer drug which functions by forming interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) between opposing DNA strands. MC analog, 10-decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC), unlike MC, has stronger cytotoxic effects on cancer cells with TP53 mutation. We previously demonstrated that MC/DMC could activate p21WAF1/CIP1 in MCF-7 (TP53-proficient) and K562 (TP53 deficient) cells in a TP53-independent mode. We also found that MC/DMC regulate AKT activation in a TP53-dependent manner and that AKT deactivation is not associated with the activation of p21WAF1/CIP1 in response to MC/DMC treatment. RAS proteins are known players in the upstream mediated signaling of p21WAF1/CIP1 activation that leads to control of cell proliferation and cell death. Thus, this prompted us to investigate the effect of both drugs on the expression of RAS proteins and regulation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathways in MCF-7 and K562 cancer cells. To accomplish this goal, we performed comparative label free proteomics profiling coupled to bioinformatics/complementary phosphoprotein arrays and Western blot validations of key signaling molecules. The MAPK/ERK pathway exhibited an overall downregulation upon MC/DMC treatment in MCF-7 cells but only DMC exhibited a mild downregulation of that same pathway in TP53 mutant K562 cells. Furthermore, treatment of MCF-7 and K562 cell lines with oligonucleotides containing the interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) formed by MC or DMC shows that both ICLs had a stronger effect on the downregulation of RAS protein expression in mutant TP53 K562 cells. We discuss the implication of this regulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in relation to cellular TP53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Zacarias
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Cristina C Clement
- Radiation Oncology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, 10065, USA.
| | - Shu-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Melissa Rosas
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Christina Gonzalez
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Marion Peter
- IRCM, University Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, Cédex 5, France
| | - Peter Coopman
- IRCM, University Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, Cédex 5, France
| | - Elise Champeil
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Zavvarian MM, Modi AD, Sadat S, Hong J, Fehlings MG. Translational Relevance of Secondary Intracellular Signaling Cascades Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5708. [PMID: 38891894 PMCID: PMC11172219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening and life-altering condition that results in debilitating sensorimotor and autonomic impairments. Despite significant advances in the clinical management of traumatic SCI, many patients continue to suffer due to a lack of effective therapies. The initial mechanical injury to the spinal cord results in a series of secondary molecular processes and intracellular signaling cascades in immune, vascular, glial, and neuronal cell populations, which further damage the injured spinal cord. These intracellular cascades present promising translationally relevant targets for therapeutic intervention due to their high ubiquity and conservation across eukaryotic evolution. To date, many therapeutics have shown either direct or indirect involvement of these pathways in improving recovery after SCI. However, the complex, multifaceted, and heterogeneous nature of traumatic SCI requires better elucidation of the underlying secondary intracellular signaling cascades to minimize off-target effects and maximize effectiveness. Recent advances in transcriptional and molecular neuroscience provide a closer characterization of these pathways in the injured spinal cord. This narrative review article aims to survey the MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Rho-ROCK, NF-κB, and JAK-STAT signaling cascades, in addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the involvement and therapeutic potential of these secondary intracellular pathways following traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Akshat D. Modi
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3J6, Canada
| | - Sarah Sadat
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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Ning Y, Gu Q, Zheng T, Xu Y, Li S, Zhu Y, Hu B, Yu H, Liu X, Zhang Y, Jiao B, Lu X. Genome Mining Leads to Diverse Sesquiterpenes with Anti-inflammatory Activity from an Arctic-Derived Fungus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1426-1440. [PMID: 38690764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement of bioinformatics, the integration of genome mining with efficient separation technology enables the discovery of a greater number of novel bioactive compounds. The deletion of the key gene responsible for triterpene cyclase biosynthesis in the polar strain Eutypella sp. D-1 instigated metabolic shunting, resulting in the activation of dormant genes and the subsequent production of detectable, new compounds. Fifteen sesquiterpenes were isolated from the mutant strain, with eight being new compounds. The structural elucidation of these compounds was obtained through a combination of HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy, and ECD calculations, revealing six distinct skeleton types. Compound 7 possessed a unique skeleton of 5/10 macrocyclic ether structure. Based on the gene functions and newly acquired secondary metabolites, the metabolic shunting pathway in the mutant strain was inferred. Compounds 6, 8, 11, 14, and 15 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects without cytotoxicity through the release of nitric oxide from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Notably, acorane-type sesquiterpene 8 inhibited nitric oxide production and modulated the MAPK and NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathways. Compound 8 also alleviated the CuSO4-induced systemic neurological inflammation symptoms in a transgenic fluorescent zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinwufeng Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Te Zheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Experimental Teacher Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobing Yu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghua Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Bitarafan S, Pybus AF, Rivera Moctezuma FG, Adibi M, Franklin TC, Singer AC, Wood LB. Frequency and duration of sensory flicker controls astrocyte and neuron specific transcriptional profiles in 5xFAD mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.594705. [PMID: 38826251 PMCID: PMC11142106 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Current clinical trials are investigating gamma frequency sensory stimulation as a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease, yet we lack a comprehensive picture of the effects of this stimulation on multiple aspects of brain function. While most prior research has focused on gamma frequency sensory stimulation, we previously showed that exposing mice to visual flickering stimulation increased MAPK and NFκB signaling in the visual cortex in a manner dependent on duration and frequency of sensory stimulation exposure. Because these pathways control multiple neuronal and glial functions and are differentially activated based on the duration and frequency of flicker stimulation, we aimed to define the transcriptional effects of different frequencies and durations of flicker stimulation on multiple brain functions. Methods We exposed 5xFAD mice to different frequencies of audio/visual flicker stimulation (constant light, 10Hz, 20Hz, 40Hz) for durations of 0.5hr, 1hr, or 4hr, then used bulk RNAseq to profile transcriptional changes within the visual cortex and hippocampus tissues. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified modules of co-expressed genes controlled by frequency and/or duration of stimulation. Results Within the visual cortex, we found that all stimulation frequencies caused fast activation of a module of immune genes within 1hr and slower suppression of synaptic genes after 4hrs of stimulation. Interestingly, all frequencies of stimulation led to slow suppression of astrocyte specific gene sets, while activation of neuronal gene sets was frequency and duration specific. In contrast, in the hippocampus, immune and synaptic modules were suppressed based on the frequency of stimulation. Specifically,10Hz activated a module of genes associated with mitochondrial function, metabolism, and synaptic translation while 10Hz rapidly suppressed a module of genes linked to neurotransmitter activity. Conclusion Collectively, our data indicate that the frequency and duration of flicker stimulation controls immune, neuronal, and metabolic genes in multiple regions of the brain affected by Alzheimer's disease. Flicker stimulation may thus represent a potential therapeutic strategy that can be tuned based on the brain region and the specific cellular process to be modulated.
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Dos Santos Silva P, Kra G, Butenko Y, Daddam JR, Levin Y, Zachut M. Maternal supplementation with n-3 fatty acids affects placental lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocannabinoid system, and the neonate cytokine concentrations in dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:74. [PMID: 38769527 PMCID: PMC11106909 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting and influencing fetal development. We compared the effects of prepartum supplementation with omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) sources, flaxseed oil (FLX) and fish oil (FO), on the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the expelled placenta, as well as on FA profile and inflammatory response of neonates. Late-pregnant Holstein dairy cows were supplemented with saturated fat (CTL), FLX, or FO. Placental cotyledons (n = 5) were collected immediately after expulsion, and extracted RNA and proteins were analyzed by RT-PCR and proteomic analysis. Neonatal blood was assessed for FA composition and concentrations of inflammatory markers. RESULTS FO increased the gene expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), interleukin 10 (IL-10), catalase (CAT), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) compared with CTL placenta. Gene expression of ECS-enzyme FA-amide hydrolase (FAAH) was lower in FLX and FO than in CTL. Proteomic analysis identified 3,974 proteins; of these, 51-59 were differentially abundant between treatments (P ≤ 0.05, |fold change| ≥ 1.5). Top canonical pathways enriched in FLX vs. CTL and in FO vs. CTL were triglyceride metabolism and inflammatory processes. Both n-3 FA increased the placental abundance of FA binding proteins (FABPs) 3 and 7. The abundance of CNR1 cannabinoid-receptor-interacting-protein-1 (CNRIP1) was reduced in FO vs. FLX. In silico modeling affirmed that bovine FABPs bind to endocannabinoids. The FLX increased the abundance of inflammatory CD44-antigen and secreted-phosphoprotein-1, whereas prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 was decreased in FO vs. CTL placenta. Maternal FO enriched neonatal plasma with n-3 FAs, and both FLX and FO reduced interleukin-6 concentrations compared with CTL. CONCLUSION Maternal n-3 FA from FLX and FO differentially affected the bovine placenta; both enhanced lipid metabolism and modulated oxidative stress, however, FO increased some transcriptional ECS components, possibly related to the increased FABPs. Maternal FO induced a unique balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory components in the placenta. Taken together, different sources of n-3 FA during late pregnancy enhanced placental immune and metabolic processes, which may affect the neonatal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Gitit Kra
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yana Butenko
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Yishai Levin
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Zachut
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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De Carli A, Kapelyukh Y, Kursawe J, Chaplain MAJ, Wolf CR, Hamis S. Simulating BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK signalling dynamics in response to vertical inhibition treatment strategies. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:51. [PMID: 38750040 PMCID: PMC11096323 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In vertical inhibition treatment strategies, multiple components of an intracellular pathway are simultaneously inhibited. Vertical inhibition of the BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK signalling pathway is a standard of care for treating BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma where two targeted cancer drugs, a BRAFV600E-inhibitor, and a MEK inhibitor, are administered in combination. Targeted therapies have been linked to early onsets of drug resistance, and thus treatment strategies of higher complexities and lower doses have been proposed as alternatives to current clinical strategies. However, finding optimal complex, low-dose treatment strategies is a challenge, as it is possible to design more treatment strategies than are feasibly testable in experimental settings. To quantitatively address this challenge, we develop a mathematical model of BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK signalling dynamics in response to combinations of the BRAFV600E-inhibitor dabrafenib (DBF), the MEK inhibitor trametinib (TMT), and the ERK-inhibitor SCH772984 (SCH). From a model of the BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK pathway, and a set of molecular-level drug-protein interactions, we extract a system of chemical reactions that is parameterised by in vitro data and converted to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the law of mass action. The ODEs are solved numerically to produce simulations of how pathway-component concentrations change over time in response to different treatment strategies, i.e., inhibitor combinations and doses. The model can thus be used to limit the search space for effective treatment strategies that target the BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK pathway and warrant further experimental investigation. The results demonstrate that DBF and DBF-TMT-SCH therapies show marked sensitivity to BRAFV600E concentrations in silico, whilst TMT and SCH monotherapies do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice De Carli
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Yury Kapelyukh
- School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Jochen Kursawe
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark A J Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - C Roland Wolf
- School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sara Hamis
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Cai N, Gao X, Li W, Yang L, Zhao J, Qu J, Zhou Y. Novel trifluoromethyl ketone derivatives as oral cPLA 2/COX-2 dual inhibitors for resolution of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107453. [PMID: 38761708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Thirty-five trifluoromethyl hydrazones and seventeen trifluoromethyl oxime esters were designed and synthesized via molecular hybridization. All the target compounds were initially screened for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by assessing their inhibitory effect on NO release in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and the optimal compound was finally identified as 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-N'-((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,1,1-trifluorohenicosa-6,9,12,15-tetraen-2-ylidene)acetohydrazide (F26, IC50 = 4.55 ± 0.92 μM) with no cytotoxicity. Moreover, F26 potently reduced the production of PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells compared to indomethacin. The interaction of F26 with COX-2 and cPLA2 was directly verified by the CETSA technique. F26 was found to modulate the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65, as well as the protein expression of IκB, cPLA2, COX-2, and iNOS in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, F26 was observed to prevent the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages by immunofluorescence localization. Therefore, the aforementioned in vitro experiments demonstrated that F26 blocked the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways by binding to COX-2 and cPLA2. In the adjuvant-induced arthritis model, F26 demonstrated a significant effect in preventing arthritis symptoms and inflammatory status in rats, exerting an immunomodulatory role by regulating the homeostasis between Th17 and Treg through inhibition of the p38 MAPK/cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2 and NF-κB pathways. Encouragingly, F26 caused less acute ulcerogenicity in rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg compared to indomethacin. Overall, F26 is a promising candidate worthy of further investigation for treating inflammation and associated pain with lesser gastrointestinal irritation, as well as other symptoms in which cPLA2 and COX-2 are implicated in the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
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Xin Y, Zhang Z, Lv S, Xu S, Liu A, Li H, Li P, Han H, Liu Y. Elucidating VSMC phenotypic transition mechanisms to bridge insights into cardiovascular disease implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1400780. [PMID: 38803664 PMCID: PMC11128571 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1400780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, despite advances in understanding cardiovascular health. Significant barriers still exist in effectively preventing and managing these diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are crucial for maintaining vascular integrity and can switch between contractile and synthetic functions in response to stimuli such as hypoxia and inflammation. These transformations play a pivotal role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, facilitating vascular modifications and disease advancement. This article synthesizes the current understanding of the mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating VSMC phenotypic transitions, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Xin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zipei Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Aidong Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Huize Han
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Ottenbourgs T, Van Nieuwenhuysen E. Novel Endocrine Therapeutic Opportunities for Estrogen Receptor-Positive Ovarian Cancer-What Can We Learn from Breast Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1862. [PMID: 38791941 PMCID: PMC11119209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) is a rare ovarian malignancy primarily affecting younger women and is characterized by an indolent growth pattern. It exhibits indolent growth and high estrogen/progesterone receptor expression, suggesting potential responsiveness to endocrine therapy. However, treatment efficacy remains limited due to the development of endocrine resistance. The mechanisms of resistance, whether primary or acquired, are still largely unknown and present a significant hurdle in achieving favorable treatment outcomes with endocrine therapy in these patients. In estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, mechanisms of endocrine resistance have been largely explored and novel treatment strategies to overcome resistance have emerged. Considering the shared estrogen receptor positivity in LGSOC and breast cancer, we wanted to explore whether there are any parallel mechanisms of resistance and whether we can extend endocrine breast cancer treatments to LGSOC. This review aims to highlight the underlying molecular mechanisms possibly driving endocrine resistance in ovarian cancer, while also exploring the available therapeutic opportunities to overcome this resistance. By unraveling the potential pathways involved and examining emerging strategies, this review explores valuable insights for advancing treatment options and improving patient outcomes in LGSOC, which has limited therapeutic options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Ottenbourgs
- Gynaecological Oncology Laboratory, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, BGOG and Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Ding M, Bao Y, Liang H, Zhang X, Li B, Yang R, Zeng N. Potential mechanisms of formononetin against inflammation and oxidative stress: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1368765. [PMID: 38799172 PMCID: PMC11116718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1368765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Formononetin (FMNT) is a secondary metabolite of flavonoids abundant in legumes and graminaceous plants such as Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae; Astragali radix] and Avena sativa L. [Poaceae]. Astragalus is traditionally used in Asia countries such as China, Korea and Mongolia to treat inflammatory diseases, immune disorders and cancers. In recent years, inflammation and oxidative stress have been found to be associated with many diseases. A large number of pharmacological studies have shown that FMNT, an important bioactive metabolite of Astragalus, has a profoundly anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. This review focuses on providing comprehensive and up-to-date findings on the efficacy of the molecular targets and mechanisms involve of FMNT and its derivatives against inflammation and oxidative stress in both in vitro and in vivo. Relevant literature on FMNT against inflammation and oxidative stress between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed. FMNT has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and shows mild or no toxicity in various diseases. Moreover, in the medical field, FMNT has shown potential in the prevention and treatment of cancers, neurological diseases, fibrotic diseases, allergic diseases, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and autoimmune diseases. Thus, it is expected to be utilized in more products in the medical, food and cosmetic industries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruocong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, Mahgoub S, Ibrahim HA, Ibrahim Elberri A, Abo Mansour HE, Mosalam EM, Moglad E, Alzahraa Mokhtar F. Dioon rzedowskii: An antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer plant extract with multi-faceted effects on cell growth and molecular signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111957. [PMID: 38554441 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial properties of Dioon rzedowskii extract, which had not been previously explored. We aimed to determine the extract's effect on liver and breast cancer cell lines and on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) mouse model to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Three female albino mice groups were established: a tumor control group, a group treated with 100 mg/kg of the extract (D100), and a group treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract (D200) for 16 days after tumor development. Results showed that the D. rzedowskii extract inhibited cell growth in both MCF-7 and HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This was achieved by suppressing the cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. The extract also improved liver, heart, and kidney functions compared to the tumor control. Furthermore, oral administration of the extract reduced tumor volume and alleviated oxidative stress in tumor tissue. The anticancer effects were associated with overexpression of p53 and Bax and downregulation of cyclin D1 expression, which was attributed to decreased phosphorylated MAPK kinases. Additionally, D. rzedowskii exhibited antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae isolated from cancer patients. The extract inhibited bacterial growth and reduced the membrane integrity. The study suggests that D. rzedowskii has promising potential as an adjunctive therapy for cancer treatment. Further investigations are needed to explore its combined anticancer efficacy. These results emphasize the value of natural products in developing compounds with potential anticancer activity and support a paradigm shift in cancer management to improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Sebaey Mahgoub
- Food Analysis Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Aya Ibrahim Elberri
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Hend E Abo Mansour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin EL-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Esraa M Mosalam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin EL-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Sharkia, Egypt; Fujairah Research Centre, Sakamkam Road, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
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Zhang Y, Yang W, Xue Y, Hou D, Chen S, Xu Z, Peng S, Zhao H, Wang C, Liu C. Timing Matters: Time of Day Impacts the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1421. [PMID: 38794659 PMCID: PMC11124133 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine has attracted significant attention from researchers in the sports field due to its well-documented ergogenic effects across various athletic disciplines. As research on caffeine continues to progress, there has been a growing emphasis on evaluating caffeine dosage and administration methods. However, investigations into the optimal timing of caffeine intake remain limited. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to assess the ergogenic effects of caffeine administration at different times during the morning (06:00 to 10:00) and evening (16:00 to 21:00). The review findings suggest that circadian rhythms play a substantial role in influencing sports performance, potentially contributing to a decline in morning performance. Caffeine administration has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating this phenomenon, resulting in ergogenic effects and performance enhancement, even comparable to nighttime levels. While the specific mechanisms by which caffeine regulates circadian rhythms and influences sports performance remain unclear, this review also explores the mechanisms underlying caffeine's ergogenic effects, including the adenosine receptor blockade, increased muscle calcium release, and modulation of catecholamines. Additionally, the narrative review underscores caffeine's indirect impact on circadian rhythms by enhancing responsiveness to light-induced phase shifts. Although the precise mechanisms through which caffeine improves morning performance declines via circadian rhythm regulation necessitate further investigations, it is noteworthy that the timing of caffeine administration significantly affects its ergogenic effects during exercise. This emphasizes the importance of considering caffeine intake timing in future research endeavors to optimize its ergogenic potential and elucidate its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yizhang Xue
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dingchun Hou
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhiqin Xu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sijia Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Yang P, Miao Y, Wang T, Sun J. Identification of diagnostic markers related to inflammatory response and cellular senescence in endometriosis using machine learning and in vitro experiment. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01886-5. [PMID: 38704432 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the association between chronic inflammation, cellular senescence, and immunological infiltration in endometriosis. METHODS Datasets from GEO comprising 108 endometriosis and 97 healthy human samples and the human endometrial stromal cell. Differentially expressed genes were identified using Limma and WGCNA. Inflammatory response-related subtypes were constructed using consensus clustering analysis. The CIBERSORT algorithm and correlation analyses assessed immune cell infiltration. LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RF identified diagnostic genes. Functional enrichment analysis and multifactor regulatory networks established functional effects. Nomograms, internal and external validations, and in vitro experiments validated the diagnostic genes. RESULTS Inflammatory response subtypes were highly correlated with the immune activities of B and NK cells. Sixteen genes were associated with inflammatory response and cellular senescence and six diagnostic genes (NLK, RAD51, TIMELESS, TBX3, MET, and BTG3) were identified. The six diagnostic gene models had an area under the curve of 0.828 and their expression was significantly downregulated in endometriosis samples. Low expression of NLK and BTG3 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of endometriotic cells. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory response subtypes were successfully constructed for endometriosis. Six diagnostic genes related to inflammatory response and cellular senescence were identified and validated. Our study provides novel insights for inflammatory response in endometriosis and markers for endometriosis diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pusheng Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yaxin Miao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Wen L, Liu Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Li Q, Geng B, Xia Y. Bone and Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase 5 (ERK5). Biomolecules 2024; 14:556. [PMID: 38785963 PMCID: PMC11117709 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bones are vital for anchoring muscles, tendons, and ligaments, serving as a fundamental element of the human skeletal structure. However, our understanding of bone development mechanisms and the maintenance of bone homeostasis is still limited. Extracellular signal-related kinase 5 (ERK5), a recently identified member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, especially neoplasms. Recent studies have highlighted ERK5's significant role in both bone development and bone-associated pathologies. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest research on ERK5 in different tissues and diseases, with a particular focus on its implications for bone health. It also examines therapeutic strategies and future research avenues targeting ERK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Libo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qingda Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Chu TW, Ho CC, Hsu YJ, Lo YH, Wu NL, Cheng YB, Hong MX, Chang DC, Hung CF. Protective Effects of Pear Extract on Skin from In Vitro and In Vivo UVA-Induced Damage. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:583. [PMID: 38794153 PMCID: PMC11124007 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ancient Chinese medical book "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that pears can relieve symptoms of respiratory-related diseases. Previous research has shown that pear Pyrus Pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-photoaging protective effects of Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai seed components have not been studied. Ultraviolet light (UV) causes skin inflammation, damages the skin barrier, and is an important cause of skin photoaging. Therefore, UV light with a wavelength of 365 nm was used to irradiate HaCaT and mice. Western blot, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence imaging system were used to explore its anti-UVA mechanism. Dialysis membrane and nuclear magnetic resonance were used for the chemical constituent analysis of pear seed water extract (PSWE). We found that PSWE can significantly reduce UVA-induced skin cell death and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and can inhibit the mRNA expression of UVA-induced cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). In addition, PSWE can also reduce the generation of oxidative stress within skin cells. In vivo experimental studies found that PSWE pretreatment effectively reduced transepidermal water loss, inflammation, redness, and dryness in hairless mice. The molecular weight of the active part of pear water extract is approximately 384. Based on the above results, we first found that pear seeds can effectively inhibit oxidative stress and damage caused by UVA. It is a natural extract with antioxidant properties and anti-aging activity that protects skin cells and strengthens the skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ching-Chih Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Longtan, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jou Hsu
- PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Hsin Lo
- Department of Dermatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804351, Taiwan; (Y.-B.C.); (M.-X.H.)
| | - Mao-Xuan Hong
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804351, Taiwan; (Y.-B.C.); (M.-X.H.)
| | - Der-Chen Chang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
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Simbulan-Rosenthal CM, Islam N, Haribabu Y, Alobaidi R, Shalamzari A, Graham G, Kuo LW, Sykora P, Rosenthal DS. CD133 Stimulates Cell Proliferation via the Upregulation of Amphiregulin in Melanoma. Cells 2024; 13:777. [PMID: 38727313 PMCID: PMC11083289 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
CD133, a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in tumors, including melanoma, is associated with tumor recurrence, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Patient-derived melanoma cell lines were transduced with a Tet-on vector expressing CD133, generating doxycycline (Dox)-inducible cell lines. Cells were exposed to Dox for 24 h to induce CD133 expression, followed by RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses, revealing genes and pathways that are significantly up- or downregulated by CD133. The most significantly upregulated gene after CD133 was amphiregulin (AREG), validated by qRT-PCR and immunoblot analyses. Induced CD133 expression significantly increased cell growth, percentage of cells in S-phase, BrdU incorporation into nascent DNA, and PCNA levels, indicating that CD133 stimulates cell proliferation. CD133 induction also activated EGFR and the MAPK pathway. Potential mechanisms highlighting the role(s) of CD133 and AREG in melanoma CSC were further delineated using AREG/EGFR inhibitors or siRNA knockdown of AREG mRNA. Treatment with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib blocked CD133-induced cell growth increase and MAPK pathway activation. Importantly, siRNA knockdown of AREG reversed the stimulatory effects of CD133 on cell growth, indicating that AREG mediates the effects of CD133 on cell proliferation, thus serving as an attractive target for novel combinatorial therapeutics in melanoma and cancers with overexpression of both CD133 and AREG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Simbulan-Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.M.S.-R.); (N.I.); (Y.H.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (G.G.); (L.-W.K.)
| | - Nusrat Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.M.S.-R.); (N.I.); (Y.H.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (G.G.); (L.-W.K.)
| | - Yogameenakshi Haribabu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.M.S.-R.); (N.I.); (Y.H.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (G.G.); (L.-W.K.)
| | - Ryyan Alobaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.M.S.-R.); (N.I.); (Y.H.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (G.G.); (L.-W.K.)
| | - Azadeh Shalamzari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.M.S.-R.); (N.I.); (Y.H.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (G.G.); (L.-W.K.)
| | - Garrett Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.M.S.-R.); (N.I.); (Y.H.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (G.G.); (L.-W.K.)
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.M.S.-R.); (N.I.); (Y.H.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (G.G.); (L.-W.K.)
| | - Peter Sykora
- Amelia Technologies, LLC., Washington, DC 20001, USA;
| | - Dean S Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.M.S.-R.); (N.I.); (Y.H.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (G.G.); (L.-W.K.)
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Păsărică MA, Curcă PF, Dragosloveanu CDM, Grigorescu AC, Nisipașu CI. Pathological and Molecular Diagnosis of Uveal Melanoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:958. [PMID: 38732371 PMCID: PMC11083017 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is a common malignant intraocular tumor that presents with significant genetic differences to cutaneous melanoma and has a high genetic burden in terms of prognosis. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search of several repositories on uveal melanoma diagnosis, prognosis, molecular analysis, and treatment was conducted. (3) Results: Recent genetic understanding of oncogene-initiation mutations in GNAQ, GNA11, PLCB4, and CYSLTR2 and secondary progression drivers of BAP1 inactivation and SF3B1 and EIF1AX mutations offers an appealing explanation to the high prognostic impact of adding genetic profiling to clinical UM classification. Genetic information could help better explain peculiarities in uveal melanoma, such as the low long-term survival despite effective primary tumor treatment, the overwhelming propensity to metastasize to the liver, and possibly therapeutic behaviors. (4) Conclusions: Understanding of uveal melanoma has improved step-by-step from histopathology to clinical classification to more recent genetic understanding of oncogenic initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Adrian Păsărică
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.P.); (C.D.M.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paul Filip Curcă
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.P.); (C.D.M.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Christiana Diana Maria Dragosloveanu
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.P.); (C.D.M.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cosmin Ionuț Nisipașu
- Department of Dental Medicine I, Implant-Prosthetic Therapy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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Wei L, Dankwa S, Vijayan K, Smith JD, Kaushansky A. Interrogating endothelial barrier regulation by temporally resolved kinase network generation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302522. [PMID: 38467420 PMCID: PMC10927359 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinases are key players in endothelial barrier regulation, yet their temporal function and regulatory phosphosignaling networks are incompletely understood. We developed a novel methodology, Temporally REsolved KInase Network Generation (TREKING), which combines a 28-kinase inhibitor screen with machine learning and network reconstruction to build time-resolved, functional phosphosignaling networks. We demonstrated the utility of TREKING for identifying pathways mediating barrier integrity after activation by thrombin with or without TNF preconditioning in brain endothelial cells. TREKING predicted over 100 kinases involved in barrier regulation and discerned complex condition-specific pathways. For instance, the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2/MK2) had early barrier-weakening activity in both inflammatory conditions but late barrier-strengthening activity exclusively with thrombin alone. Using temporal Western blotting, we confirmed that MAPKAPK2/MK2 was differentially phosphorylated under the two inflammatory conditions. We further showed with lentivirus-mediated knockdown of MAPK14/p38α and drug targeting the MAPK14/p38α-MAPKAPK2/MK2 complex that a MAP3K20/ZAK-MAPK14/p38α axis controlled the late activation of MAPKAPK2/MK2 in the thrombin-alone condition. Beyond the MAPKAPK2/MK2 switch, TREKING predicts extensive interconnected networks that control endothelial barrier dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Selasi Dankwa
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Vijayan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Yin C, Yu J, Liu G, He J, Wu P. Riddle of the Sphinx: Emerging role of circular RNAs in cervical cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155315. [PMID: 38653090 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a prominent cause of cancer-related mortality among women, with recent attention directed toward exploring the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in this particular cancer. CircRNAs, characterized by a covalently closed loop structure, belong to a class of single-stranded non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that play crucial roles in cancer development and progression through diverse mechanisms. The abnormal expression of circRNAs in vivo is significantly associated with the development of cervical cancer. Notably, circRNAs actively interact with miRNAs in cervical cancer, leading to the regulation of diverse signaling pathways, and they can contribute to cancer hallmarks such as self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to antigrowth signals, limitless proliferation, evading apoptosis, tissue invasion and metastasis, and sustained angiogenesis. Moreover, the distinctive biomedical attributes exhibited by circRNAs, including their abundance, conservation, and stability in body fluids, position them as promising biomarkers for various cancers. In this review, we elucidate the tremendous potential of circRNAs as diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets in cervical cancer by expounding upon their biogenesis, characteristics, functions, and databases, highlighting the novel advances in the signaling pathways associated with circRNAs in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Yin
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hengyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Gaohua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Peng Wu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hengyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Pasdaran A, Grice ID, Hamedi A. A review of natural products and small-molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22180. [PMID: 38680103 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time-consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well-designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi-synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal-oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Irwin Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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47
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Jiang C, Zhou P, Zhang X, Ma N, Hu Y, Zhang M, Ghonaim AH, Li H, Dong L, Zeng W, Li C, Lang Y, Sun Y, He Q, Li W. ARF6 promotes Streptococcus suis suilysin induced apoptosis in HBMECs. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131839. [PMID: 38663699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a significant zoonotic microorganism that causes a severe illness in both pigs and humans and is characterized by severe meningitis and septicemia. Suilysin (SLY), which is secreted by S. suis, plays a crucial role as a virulence factor in the disease. To date, the interaction between SLY and host cells is not fully understood. In this study, we identified the interacting proteins between SLY and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) using the TurboID-mediated proximity labeling method. 251 unique proteins were identified in TurboID-SLY treated group, of which six plasma membrane proteins including ARF6, GRK6, EPB41L5, DSC1, TJP2, and PNN were identified. We found that the proteins capable of interacting with SLY are ARF6 and PNN. Subsequent investigations revealed that ARF6 substantially increased the invasive ability of S. suis in HBMECs. Furthermore, ARF6 promoted SLY-induced the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway in HBMECs. Moreover, ARF6 promoted the apoptosis in HBMECs through the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway induced by SLY. Finally, we confirmed that ARF6 could increase the virulence of SLY in C57BL/6 mice. These findings offer valuable insights that contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of SLY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - NingNing Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaofang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ahmed H Ghonaim
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China; Desert Research Center, Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Huimin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yifei Lang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qigai He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wentao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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48
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Kondo A, Tanaka H, Rai S, Shima H, Matsumura I, Watanabe T. Depletion of Ppp6c in hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells causes embryonic lethality and decreased hematopoietic potential. Exp Hematol 2024; 133:104205. [PMID: 38490577 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) is a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein phosphatase, and its catalytic subunit is Ppp6c. PP6 forms the PP2A subfamily with PP2A and PP4. The diverse phenotypes observed following small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown of Ppp6c in cultured mammalian cells suggest that PP6 plays roles in cell growth and DNA repair. There is also evidence that PP6 regulates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinases and inactivates transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Loss of Ppp6c causes several abnormalities, including those of T cell and regulatory T cell function, neurogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis. PP2A has been reported to play an important role in erythropoiesis. However, the roles of PP6 in other hematopoietic cells have not been investigated. We generated Ppp6cfl/fl;Tie2-Cre (Ppp6cTKO) mice, in which Ppp6c was specifically deleted in hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells. Ppp6cTKO mice displayed embryonic lethality. Ppp6c deficiency increased the number of dead cells and decreased the percentages of erythroid and monocytic cells during fetal hematopoiesis. By contrast, the number of Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells, which give rise to all hematopoietic cells, was slightly increased, but their colony-forming cell activity was markedly decreased. Ppp6c deficiency also increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun amino (N)-terminal kinase in fetal liver hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kondo
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Rai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan.
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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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50
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Hu Y, Chen W, Wei C, Jiang S, Li S, Wang X, Xu R. Pathological mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1036-1044. [PMID: 37862206 PMCID: PMC10749610 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis refers to a neurodegenerative disease involving the motor system, the cause of which remains unexplained despite several years of research. Thus, the journey to understanding or treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is still a long one. According to current research, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely not due to a single factor but rather to a combination of mechanisms mediated by complex interactions between molecular and genetic pathways. The progression of the disease involves multiple cellular processes and the interaction between different complex mechanisms makes it difficult to identify the causative factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we review the most common amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated pathogenic genes and the pathways involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as summarize currently proposed potential mechanisms responsible for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease and their evidence for involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, we discuss current emerging strategies for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Studying the emergence of these new therapies may help to further our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Caihui Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shishi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College; The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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