1
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Dong Y, Quan C. NPFs-mediated actin cytoskeleton: a new viewpoint on autophagy regulation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:111. [PMID: 38347641 PMCID: PMC10860245 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a lysosome-dependent catabolic process induced by various cellular stress conditions, maintaining the homeostasis of cells, tissues and organs. Autophagy is a series of membrane-related events involving multiple autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Most studies to date have focused on various signaling pathways affecting ATG proteins to control autophagy. However, mounting evidence reveals that the actin cytoskeleton acts on autophagy-associated membranes to regulate different events of autophagy. The actin cytoskeleton assists in vesicle formation and provides the mechanical forces for cellular activities that involve membrane deformation. Although the interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and membrane makes the role of actin in autophagy recognized, how the actin cytoskeleton is recruited and assembles on membranes during autophagy needs to be detailed. Nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) activate the Arp2/3 complex to produce actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we summarize the important roles of the actin cytoskeleton in autophagy regulation and focus on the effect of NPFs on actin cytoskeleton assembly during autophagy, providing new insights into the occurrence and regulatory mechanisms of autophagy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, ChangchunJilin, 130021, China
| | - Chengshi Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, ChangchunJilin, 130021, China.
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2
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Xu X, Jiang X, Song K, Zhang J, Tian Y, Chen Y, Weng J, Liang Y, Ma W. Stable expression and multi-site location of Odf2 in mouse oocytes, sperm and early embryos. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152126. [PMID: 37364712 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, centriole is degenerated during early oogenesis, but it is still not known about the expression and function of centriolar structural components in oocyte meiosis. Here we found that Odf2 (outer dense fiber of sperm tails 2), a key centriolar appendage protein, was stably expressed in mouse oocytes during meiotic progression. Distinct from its single location at centrosomes in somatic mitosis, Odf2 was multiply located at microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), chromosome centromeres and vesicles in oocyte meiosis. In addition, the vesicle-associated Odf2 disappeared in oocytes treated with the vesicle inhibitor Brefeldin A. Odf2 was mainly co-localized with the mitochondrial sheath in the sperm tail and presented as double spots, similar to γ-tubulin, in the sperm neck region. After fertilization, Odf2 remained on vesicles in embryos from 1-cell to 4-cell stage but was only detected on centrosomes at blastocyst stage. Taken together, Odf2 is expressed precisely in mouse oocytes even in the absence of intact centriole structure, and may regulate oocyte spindle assembly and positioning, additionally, the sperm motility and early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiuying Jiang
- Division of Sport Anatomy, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Weng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanjing Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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3
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Madani F, Esnaashari SS, Webster TJ, Khosravani M, Adabi M. Polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery in glioblastoma: State of the art and future perspectives. J Control Release 2022; 349:649-661. [PMID: 35878729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive, fatal and malignant primary brain tumor. Despite the current standard treatment for glioblastoma patients including neurosurgical resection, followed by concomitant radiation and chemotherapy, the median survival rate is only about 15 months. An unresolved challenge for current therapies is related to getting drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hinders many chemotherapeutic agents from reaching tumors cells. Although a large amount of research has been done to circumvent the BBB and deliver drugs to the brain, with nanoparticles (NPs) taking the lead, the challenge is still high. In this regard, the BBB and how to transfer drug pathways through the BBB, especially using NPs, are introduced here. Afterwards, the latest advances in drug delivery, co-drug delivery, and combination modalities are described specifically for GBM treatments using natural and synthetic polymeric NPs and adjuvant therapies including hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy and also ketogenic regimens. In addition, receptor-mediated endocytosis agents that exist in endothelial capillary cells of the brain are explained. Lastly, future directions to finally deliver drugs through the BBB for GBM treatment are emphasized. It is the hope that this review can provide a number of practical pathways for the future development of BBB permeable nanochemotherapeutics against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Madani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Esnaashari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Masood Khosravani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Adabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Serratos IN, Hernández-Pérez E, Campos C, Aschner M, Santamaría A. An Update on the Critical Role of α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies: from Tissue to Cellular and Molecular Levels. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:620-642. [PMID: 34750787 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) plays a critical role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. α-Syn, which is encoded by the SNCA gene, is a lysine-rich soluble amphipathic protein normally expressed in neurons. Located in the cytosolic domain, this protein has the ability to remodel itself in plasma membranes, where it assumes an alpha-helix conformation. However, the protein can also adopt another conformation rich in cross-beta sheets, undergoing mutations and post-translational modifications, then leading the protein to an unusual aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies (LB), which are cytoplasmic inclusions constituted predominantly by α-Syn. Pathogenic mechanisms affecting the structural and functional stability of α-Syn - such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, Golgi complex fragmentation, disfunctional protein degradation systems, aberrant interactions with mitochondrial membranes and nuclear DNA, altered cytoskeleton dynamics, disrupted neuronal plasmatic membrane, dysfunctional vesicular transport, and formation of extracellular toxic aggregates - contribute all to the pathogenic progression of PD and synucleinopathies. In this review, we describe the collective knowledge on this topic and provide an update on the critical role of α-Syn aggregates, both at the cellular and molecular levels, in the deregulation of organelles affecting the cellular homeostasis and leading to neuronal cell death in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris N Serratos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Hernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Campos
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
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5
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Abstract
The non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase (Nck) family of adaptors, consisting of Nck1 and Nck2, contributes to selectivity and specificity in the flow of cellular information by recruiting components of signaling networks. Known to play key roles in cytoskeletal remodeling, Nck adaptors modulate host cell-pathogen interactions, immune cell receptor activation, cell adhesion and motility, and intercellular junctions in kidney podocytes. Genetic inactivation of both members of the Nck family results in embryonic lethality; however, viability of mice lacking either one of these adaptors suggests partial functional redundancy. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we highlight the molecular organization and functions of the Nck family, focusing on key interactions and pathways, regulation of cellular processes, development, homeostasis and pathogenesis, as well as emerging and non-redundant functions of Nck1 compared to those of Nck2. This article thus aims to provide a timely perspective on the biology of Nck adaptors and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana C. Bywaters
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 7783, USA
| | - Gonzalo M. Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 7783, USA
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6
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Das S, Stortz JF, Meissner M, Periz J. The multiple functions of actin in apicomplexan parasites. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13345. [PMID: 33885206 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein actin is highly abundant and conserved in eukaryotic cells. It occurs in two different states- the globular (G-actin) form, which can polymerise into the filamentous (F-actin) form, fulfilling various critical functions including cytokinesis, cargo trafficking and cellular motility. In higher eukaryotes, there are several actin isoforms with nearly identical amino acid sequences. Despite the high level of amino acid identity, they display regulated expression patterns and unique non-redundant roles. The number of actin isoforms together with conserved sequences may reflect the selective pressure exerted by scores of actin binding proteins (ABPs) in higher eukaryotes. In contrast, in many protozoans such as apicomplexan parasites which possess only a few ABPs, the regulatory control of actin and its multiple functions are still obscure. Here, we provide a summary of the regulation and biological functions of actin in higher eukaryotes and compare it with the current knowledge in apicomplexans. We discuss future experiments that will help us understand the multiple, critical roles of this fascinating system in apicomplexans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujaan Das
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Experimental Parasitology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Felix Stortz
- Department Metabolism of Infection, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Meissner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Experimental Parasitology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Javier Periz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Experimental Parasitology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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7
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Smith CEL, Lake AVR, Johnson CA. Primary Cilia, Ciliogenesis and the Actin Cytoskeleton: A Little Less Resorption, A Little More Actin Please. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:622822. [PMID: 33392209 PMCID: PMC7773788 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that extend from the apical surface of most mammalian cells, forming when the basal body (derived from the mother centriole) docks at the apical cell membrane. They act as universal cellular “antennae” in vertebrates that receive and integrate mechanical and chemical signals from the extracellular environment, serving diverse roles in chemo-, mechano- and photo-sensation that control developmental signaling, cell polarity and cell proliferation. Mutations in ciliary genes cause a major group of inherited developmental disorders called ciliopathies. There are very few preventative treatments or new therapeutic interventions that modify disease progression or the long-term outlook of patients with these conditions. Recent work has identified at least four distinct but interrelated cellular processes that regulate cilia formation and maintenance, comprising the cell cycle, cellular proteostasis, signaling pathways and structural influences of the actin cytoskeleton. The actin cytoskeleton is composed of microfilaments that are formed from filamentous (F) polymers of globular G-actin subunits. Actin filaments are organized into bundles and networks, and are attached to the cell membrane, by diverse cross-linking proteins. During cell migration, actin filament bundles form either radially at the leading edge or as axial stress fibers. Early studies demonstrated that loss-of-function mutations in ciliopathy genes increased stress fiber formation and impaired ciliogenesis whereas pharmacological inhibition of actin polymerization promoted ciliogenesis. These studies suggest that polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton, F-actin branching and the formation of stress fibers all inhibit primary cilium formation, whereas depolymerization or depletion of actin enhance ciliogenesis. Here, we review the mechanistic basis for these effects on ciliogenesis, which comprise several cellular processes acting in concert at different timescales. Actin polymerization is both a physical barrier to both cilia-targeted vesicle transport and to the membrane remodeling required for ciliogenesis. In contrast, actin may cause cilia loss by localizing disassembly factors at the ciliary base, and F-actin branching may itself activate the YAP/TAZ pathway to promote cilia disassembly. The fundamental role of actin polymerization in the control of ciliogenesis may present potential new targets for disease-modifying therapeutic approaches in treating ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E L Smith
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alice V R Lake
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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8
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Gupta CM, Ambaru B, Bajaj R. Emerging Functions of Actins and Actin Binding Proteins in Trypanosomatids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587685. [PMID: 33163497 PMCID: PMC7581878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is the major protein constituent of the cytoskeleton that performs wide range of cellular functions. It exists in monomeric and filamentous forms, dynamics of which is regulated by a large repertoire of actin binding proteins. However, not much was known about existence of these proteins in trypanosomatids, till the genome sequence data of three important organisms of this class, viz. Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania major, became available. Here, we have reviewed most of the findings reported to date on the intracellular distribution, structure and functions of these proteins and based on them, we have hypothesized some of their functions. The major findings are as follows: (1) All the three organisms encode at least a set of ten actin binding proteins (profilin, twinfilin, ADF/cofilin, CAP/srv2, CAPz, coronin, two myosins, two formins) and one isoform of actin, except that T. cruzi encodes for three formins and several myosins along with four actins. (2) Actin 1 and a few actin binding proteins (ADF/cofilin, profilin, twinfilin, coronin and myosin13 in L. donovani; ADF/cofilin, profilin and myosin1 in T. brucei; profilin and myosin-F in T.cruzi) have been identified and characterized. (3) In all the three organisms, actin cytoskeleton has been shown to regulate endocytosis and intracellular trafficking. (4) Leishmania actin1 has been the most characterized protein among trypanosomatid actins. (5) This protein is localized to the cytoplasm as well as in the flagellum, nucleus and kinetoplast, and in vitro, it binds to DNA and displays scDNA relaxing and kDNA nicking activities. (6) The pure protein prefers to form bundles instead of thin filaments, and does not bind DNase1 or phalloidin. (7) Myosin13, myosin1 and myosin-F regulate endocytosis and intracellular trafficking, respectively, in Leishmania, T. brucei and T. cruzi. (8) Actin-dependent myosin13 motor is involved in dynamics and assembly of Leishmania flagellum. (9) Leishmania twinfilin localizes mostly to the nucleolus and coordinates karyokinesis by effecting splindle elongation and DNA synthesis. (10) Leishmania coronin binds and promotes actin filament formation and exists in tetrameric form rather than trimeric form, like other coronins. (11) Trypanosomatid profilins are essential for survival of all the three parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhitar M Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bindu Ambaru
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rani Bajaj
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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9
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Kokot H, Kokot B, Sebastijanović A, Voss C, Podlipec R, Zawilska P, Berthing T, Ballester-López C, Danielsen PH, Contini C, Ivanov M, Krišelj A, Čotar P, Zhou Q, Ponti J, Zhernovkov V, Schneemilch M, Doumandji Z, Pušnik M, Umek P, Pajk S, Joubert O, Schmid O, Urbančič I, Irmler M, Beckers J, Lobaskin V, Halappanavar S, Quirke N, Lyubartsev AP, Vogel U, Koklič T, Stoeger T, Štrancar J. Prediction of Chronic Inflammation for Inhaled Particles: the Impact of Material Cycling and Quarantining in the Lung Epithelium. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003913. [PMID: 33073368 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On a daily basis, people are exposed to a multitude of health-hazardous airborne particulate matter with notable deposition in the fragile alveolar region of the lungs. Hence, there is a great need for identification and prediction of material-associated diseases, currently hindered due to the lack of in-depth understanding of causal relationships, in particular between acute exposures and chronic symptoms. By applying advanced microscopies and omics to in vitro and in vivo systems, together with in silico molecular modeling, it is determined herein that the long-lasting response to a single exposure can originate from the interplay between the newly discovered nanomaterial quarantining and nanomaterial cycling between different lung cell types. This new insight finally allows prediction of the spectrum of lung inflammation associated with materials of interest using only in vitro measurements and in silico modeling, potentially relating outcomes to material properties for a large number of materials, and thus boosting safe-by-design-based material development. Because of its profound implications for animal-free predictive toxicology, this work paves the way to a more efficient and hazard-free introduction of numerous new advanced materials into our lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kokot
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Kokot
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandar Sebastijanović
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Carola Voss
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rok Podlipec
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Ion Beam Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrycja Zawilska
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Claudia Contini
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Ana Krišelj
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Petra Čotar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, 21027, Italy
| | - Vadim Zhernovkov
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Matthew Schneemilch
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zahra Doumandji
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Mojca Pušnik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Polona Umek
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Stane Pajk
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Vladimir Lobaskin
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - Nick Quirke
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Alexander P Lyubartsev
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Tilen Koklič
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janez Štrancar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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10
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Lian Y, Wen D, Meng X, Wang X, Li H, Hao L, Xue H, Zhao J. Inhibition of invadopodia formation by diosgenin in tumor cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:283. [PMID: 33014161 PMCID: PMC7520800 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin is a type of steroid extracted from the rhizome of Dioscorea plants. In traditional Chinese medicine, Dioscorea has the effect of ‘eliminating phlegm, promoting digestion, relaxing tendons, promoting blood circulation and inhibiting malaria’. Recent studies have confirmed that diosgenin exhibits a number of pharmacological effects, including antitumor activities. Through its antitumor effect, diosgenin is able to block tumor progression and increase the survival rate of patients with cancer; ultimately improving their quality of life. However, the mechanism underlying its pharmacological action remains unclear. Once tumor cells reach a metastatic phase, it can be fatal. Increased migration and invasiveness are the hallmarks of metastatic tumor cells. Invadopodia formation is key to maintaining the high migration and invasive ability of tumor cells. Invadopodia are a type of membrane structure process rich in filamentous-actin and are common in highly invasive tumor cells. In addition to actin, numerous actin regulators, including cortical actin-binding protein (Cortactin), accumulate in invadopodia. Cortactin is a microfilament actin-binding protein with special repetitive domains that are directly involved in the formation of the cortical microfilament actin cell skeleton. Cortactin is also one of the main substrates of intracellular Src-type tyrosine protein kinases and represents a highly conserved family of intracellular cortical signaling proteins. In recent years, great progress has been made in understanding the role of Cortactin and its molecular mechanism in cell motility. However, the diosgenin-Cortactin-invadopodia mechanism is still under investigation. Therefore, the present review focused on the current research on the regulation of invadopodia by diosgenin via Cortactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Lian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dezhong Wen
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Meng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongcheng Li
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liming Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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11
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Reibring CG, Hallberg K, Linde A, Gritli-Linde A. Distinct and Overlapping Expression Patterns of the Homer Family of Scaffolding Proteins and Their Encoding Genes in Developing Murine Cephalic Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041264. [PMID: 32070057 PMCID: PMC7072945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals Homer1, Homer2 and Homer3 constitute a family of scaffolding proteins with key roles in Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ transport. In rodents, Homer proteins and mRNAs have been shown to be expressed in various postnatal tissues and to be enriched in brain. However, whether the Homers are expressed in developing tissues is hitherto largely unknown. In this work, we used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to analyze the expression patterns of Homer1, Homer2 and Homer3 in developing cephalic structures. Our study revealed that the three Homer proteins and their encoding genes are expressed in a wide range of developing tissues and organs, including the brain, tooth, eye, cochlea, salivary glands, olfactory and respiratory mucosae, bone and taste buds. We show that although overall the three Homers exhibit overlapping distribution patterns, the proteins localize at distinct subcellular domains in several cell types, that in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells Homer proteins are concentrated in puncta and that the vascular endothelium is enriched with Homer3 mRNA and protein. Our findings suggest that Homer proteins may have differential and overlapping functions and are expected to be of value for future research aiming at deciphering the roles of Homer proteins during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes-Göran Reibring
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
- Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, SE-45131 Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hallberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Anders Linde
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Amel Gritli-Linde
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-31-7863392
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12
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Much More Than a Scaffold: Cytoskeletal Proteins in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020358. [PMID: 32033020 PMCID: PMC7072452 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent observations related to the structure of the cytoskeleton in neurons and novel cytoskeletal abnormalities involved in the pathophysiology of some neurological diseases are changing our view on the function of the cytoskeletal proteins in the nervous system. These efforts allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological diseases and allow us to see beyond our current knowledge for the development of new treatments. The neuronal cytoskeleton can be described as an organelle formed by the three-dimensional lattice of the three main families of filaments: actin filaments, microtubules, and neurofilaments. This organelle organizes well-defined structures within neurons (cell bodies and axons), which allow their proper development and function through life. Here, we will provide an overview of both the basic and novel concepts related to those cytoskeletal proteins, which are emerging as potential targets in the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurological disorders.
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13
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AP3M harbors actin filament binding activity that is crucial for vacuole morphology and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18132-18141. [PMID: 31431522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901431116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatal movement is essential for plant growth. This process is precisely regulated by various cellular activities in guard cells. F-actin dynamics and vacuole morphology are both involved in stomatal movement. The sorting of cargoes by clathrin adaptor protein (AP) complexes from the Golgi to the vacuole is critical for establishing a normal vacuole morphology. In this study, we demonstrate that the medium subunit of the AP3 complex (AP3M) binds to and severs actin filaments in vitro and that it participates in the sorting of cargoes (such as the sucrose exporter SUC4) to the tonoplast, and thereby regulates stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana Defects in AP3 or SUC4 led to more rapid water loss and delayed stomatal closure, as well as hypersensitivity to drought stress. In ap3m mutants, the F-actin status was altered compared to the wild type, and the sorted cargoes failed to localize to the tonoplast. AP3M contains a previously unidentified F-actin binding domain that is conserved in AP3M homologs in both plants and animals. Mutations in the F-actin binding domain of AP3M abolished its F-actin binding activity in vitro, leading to an aberrant vacuole morphology and reduced levels of SUC4 on the tonoplast in guard cells. Our findings indicate that the F-actin binding activity of AP3M is required for the precise localization of AP3-dependent cargoes to the tonoplast and for the regulation of vacuole morphology in guard cells during stomatal closure.
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14
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Sokolowski TR, Paijmans J, Bossen L, Miedema T, Wehrens M, Becker NB, Kaizu K, Takahashi K, Dogterom M, Ten Wolde PR. eGFRD in all dimensions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:054108. [PMID: 30736681 DOI: 10.1063/1.5064867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical reactions often occur at low copy numbers but at once in crowded and diverse environments. Space and stochasticity therefore play an essential role in biochemical networks. Spatial-stochastic simulations have become a prominent tool for understanding how stochasticity at the microscopic level influences the macroscopic behavior of such systems. While particle-based models guarantee the level of detail necessary to accurately describe the microscopic dynamics at very low copy numbers, the algorithms used to simulate them typically imply trade-offs between computational efficiency and biochemical accuracy. eGFRD (enhanced Green's Function Reaction Dynamics) is an exact algorithm that evades such trade-offs by partitioning the N-particle system into M ≤ N analytically tractable one- and two-particle systems; the analytical solutions (Green's functions) then are used to implement an event-driven particle-based scheme that allows particles to make large jumps in time and space while retaining access to their state variables at arbitrary simulation times. Here we present "eGFRD2," a new eGFRD version that implements the principle of eGFRD in all dimensions, thus enabling efficient particle-based simulation of biochemical reaction-diffusion processes in the 3D cytoplasm, on 2D planes representing membranes, and on 1D elongated cylinders representative of, e.g., cytoskeletal tracks or DNA; in 1D, it also incorporates convective motion used to model active transport. We find that, for low particle densities, eGFRD2 is up to 6 orders of magnitude faster than conventional Brownian dynamics. We exemplify the capabilities of eGFRD2 by simulating an idealized model of Pom1 gradient formation, which involves 3D diffusion, active transport on microtubules, and autophosphorylation on the membrane, confirming recent experimental and theoretical results on this system to hold under genuinely stochastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joris Paijmans
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens Bossen
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Miedema
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Wehrens
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nils B Becker
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kazunari Kaizu
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Marileen Dogterom
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Martinho N, Santos TCB, Florindo HF, Silva LC. Cisplatin-Membrane Interactions and Their Influence on Platinum Complexes Activity and Toxicity. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1898. [PMID: 30687116 PMCID: PMC6336831 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and other platinum(II) analogs are widely used in clinical practice as anti-cancer drugs for a wide range of tumors. The primary mechanism by which they exert their action is through the formation of adducts with genomic DNA. However, multiple cellular targets by platinum(II) complexes have been described. In particular, the early events occurring at the plasma membrane (PM), i.e., platinum-membrane interactions seem to be involved in the uptake, cytotoxicity and cell-resistance to cisplatin. In fact, PM influences signaling events, and cisplatin-induced changes on membrane organization and fluidity were shown to activate apoptotic pathways. This review critically discusses the sequence of events caused by lipid membrane-platinum interactions, with emphasis on the mechanisms that lead to changes in the biophysical properties of the membranes (e.g., fluidity and permeability), and how these correlate with sensitivity and resistance phenotypes of cells to platinum(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Martinho
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia C B Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena F Florindo
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Liana C Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Cytoskeletons in the Closet-Subversion in Alphaherpesvirus Infections. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020079. [PMID: 29438303 PMCID: PMC5850386 DOI: 10.3390/v10020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments form the cytoskeleton of vertebrate cells. Involved in maintaining cell integrity and structure, facilitating cargo and vesicle transport, remodelling surface structures and motility, the cytoskeleton is necessary for the successful life of a cell. Because of the broad range of functions these filaments are involved in, they are common targets for viral pathogens, including the alphaherpesviruses. Human-tropic alphaherpesviruses are prevalent pathogens carried by more than half of the world’s population; comprising herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2) and varicella-zoster virus, these viruses are characterised by their ability to establish latency in sensory neurons. This review will discuss the known mechanisms involved in subversion of and transport via the cytoskeleton during alphaherpesvirus infections, focusing on protein-protein interactions and pathways that have recently been identified. Studies on related alphaherpesviruses whose primary host is not human, along with comparisons to more distantly related beta and gammaherpesviruses, are also presented in this review. The need to decipher as-yet-unknown mechanisms exploited by viruses to hijack cytoskeletal components—to reveal the hidden cytoskeletons in the closet—will also be addressed.
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17
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Yin M, Ma W, An L. Cortactin in cancer cell migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88232-88243. [PMID: 29152154 PMCID: PMC5675706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin, a substrate of sarcoma (Src) kinases, is an actin-binding protein that is involved in cytoskeletal regulation, and is frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. Binding to the actin related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex stimulates cortactin activity, which promotes F-actin nucleation and assembly. Cortactin promotes cancer cell migration and invasion, and plays a pivotal role in invadopodia formation and extra cellular matrix degradation. Overexpression of cortactin, by amplification of the chromosomal band 11q13, increases tumor aggressiveness. In this review, we report on the current knowledge and potential mechanisms of action of cortactin as a critical mediator of cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Liguo An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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18
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Ruggeri E, DeLuca KF, Galli C, Lazzari G, DeLuca JG, Carnevale EM. Cytoskeletal alterations associated with donor age and culture interval for equine oocytes and potential zygotes that failed to cleave after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:944-56. [PMID: 25798646 DOI: 10.1071/rd14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an established method to fertilise equine oocytes, but not all oocytes cleave after ICSI. The aims of the present study were to examine cytoskeleton patterns in oocytes after aging in vitro for 0, 24 or 48h (Experiment 1) and in potential zygotes that failed to cleave after ICSI of oocytes from donors of different ages (Experiment 2). Cytoplasmic multiasters were observed after oocyte aging for 48h (P<0.01). A similar increase in multiasters was observed with an increased interval after ICSI for young mares (9-13 years) but not old (20-25 years) mares. Actin vesicles were observed more frequently in sperm-injected oocytes from old than young mares. In the present study, multiasters appeared to be associated with cell aging, whereas actin vesicles were associated with aging of the oocyte donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Keith F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, 1870 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Cesare Galli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna), Italy
| | - Giovanna Lazzari
- Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7f, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Jennifer G DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, 1870 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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19
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Marzook NB, Newsome TP. Viruses That Exploit Actin-Based Motility for Their Replication and Spread. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 235:237-261. [PMID: 27757755 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a crucial part of the eukaryotic cell. Viruses depend on host cells for their replication, and, as a result, many have developed ways of manipulating the actin network to promote their spread. This chapter reviews the various ways in which viruses utilize the actin cytoskeleton at discrete steps in their life cycle, from entry into the host cell, replication, and assembly of new progeny to virus release. Various actin inhibitors that function in different ways to affect proper actin dynamics can be used to parse the role of actin at these steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bishara Marzook
- The School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy P Newsome
- The School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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20
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Ostrowska Z, Robaszkiewicz K, Moraczewska J. Regulation of actin filament turnover by cofilin-1 and cytoplasmic tropomyosin isoforms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:88-98. [PMID: 27693909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin and cofilin are actin-binding proteins which control dynamics of actin assembly and disassembly. Tropomyosin isoforms can either inhibit or enhance cofilin activity, but the mechanism of this diverse regulation is not well understood. In this work mechanisms of actin dynamics regulation by four cytoskeletal tropomyosin isoforms and cofilin-1 were studied with the use of biochemical and fluorescent microscopy assays. The recombinant tropomyosin isoforms were products of two genes: TPM1 (Tpm1.6 and Tpm1.8) and TPM3 (Tpm3.2 and Tpm3.4). Tpm1.6/1.8 bound to F-actin with higher apparent binding constants and lower cooperativities than Tpm3.2/3.4. In consequence, subsaturating concentrations of cofilin-1 removed 50% of Tpm3.2/3.4 from F-actin. By contrast, 2 and 5.5 molar excess of cofilin-1 over actin was required to dissociate 50% of Tpm1.6/1.8. All tropomyosins inhibited the rate of spontaneous polymerization of actin, which was reversed by cofilin-1. Products of TPM1 favored longer filaments and protected them from cofilin-induced depolymerization. This was in contrast to the isoforms derived from TPM3, which facilitated depolymerization. Tpm3.4 was the only isoform, which increased frequency of the filament severing by cofilin-1. Tpm1.6/1.8 inhibited, but Tpm3.2/3.4 enhanced cofilin-induced conformational changes leading to accelerated release of rhodamine-phalloidin from the filament. We concluded that the effects were executed through different actin affinities of tropomyosin isoforms and cooperativities of tropomyosin and cofilin-1 binding. The results obtained in vitro were in good agreement with localization of tropomyosin isoforms in stable or highly dynamic filaments demonstrated before in various cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Ostrowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Ks. J. Poniatowskiego 12 Str., 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Robaszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Ks. J. Poniatowskiego 12 Str., 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Moraczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Ks. J. Poniatowskiego 12 Str., 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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21
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Wen FL, Leung KT, Chen HY. Spontaneous symmetry breaking for geometrical trajectories of actin-based motility in three dimensions. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:012401. [PMID: 27575158 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.012401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Actin-based motility is important for many cellular processes. In this article we extend our previous studies of an actin-propelled circular disk in two dimensions to an actin-propelled spherical bead in three dimensions. We find that for an achiral load the couplings between the motion of the load and the actin network induce a series of bifurcations, starting with a transition from rest to moving state, followed by a transition from straight to planar curves, and finally a further transition from motion in a plane to one with torsion. To address the intriguing, experimentally observed chiral motility of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, we also study the motility of a spherical load with a built-in chirality. For such a chiral load, stable circular trajectories are no longer found in numerical simulations. Instead, helical trajectories with handedness that depends on the chirality of the load are found. Our results reveal the relation between the symmetry of actin network and the trajectories of actin-propelled loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lai Wen
- Laboratory for Physical Biology, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kwan-Tai Leung
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsuan-Yi Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
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22
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Robaszkiewicz K, Ostrowska Z, Marchlewicz K, Moraczewska J. Tropomyosin isoforms differentially modulate the regulation of actin filament polymerization and depolymerization by cofilins. FEBS J 2015; 283:723-37. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Robaszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz; Poland
| | - Zofia Ostrowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz; Poland
| | - Kamila Marchlewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz; Poland
| | - Joanna Moraczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz; Poland
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23
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Lian G, Sheen VL. Cytoskeletal proteins in cortical development and disease: actin associated proteins in periventricular heterotopia. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:99. [PMID: 25883548 PMCID: PMC4381626 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton regulates many important cellular processes in the brain, including cell division and proliferation, migration, and cytokinesis and differentiation. These developmental processes can be regulated through actin dependent vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. Many of these processes are mediated by extensive and intimate interactions of actin with cellular membranes and proteins. Disruption in the actin cytoskeleton in the brain gives rise to periventricular heterotopia (PH), a malformation of cortical development, characterized by abnormal neurons clustered deep in the brain along the lateral ventricles. This disorder can give rise to seizures, dyslexia and psychiatric disturbances. Anatomically, PH is characterized by a smaller brain (impaired proliferation), heterotopia (impaired initial migration) and disruption along the neuroependymal lining (impaired cell-cell adhesion). Genes causal for PH have also been implicated in actin-dependent processes. The current review provides mechanistic insight into actin cytoskeletal regulation of cortical development in the context of this malformation of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gewei Lian
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Volney L Sheen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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