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Kjer-Hansen P, Phan TG, Weatheritt RJ. Protein isoform-centric therapeutics: expanding targets and increasing specificity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024:10.1038/s41573-024-01025-z. [PMID: 39232238 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-01025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Most protein-coding genes produce multiple protein isoforms; however, these isoforms are commonly neglected in drug discovery. The expression of protein isoforms can be specific to a disease, tissue and/or developmental stage, and this specific expression can be harnessed to achieve greater drug specificity than pan-targeting of all gene products and to enable improved treatments for diseases caused by aberrant protein isoform production. In recent years, several protein isoform-centric therapeutics have been developed. Here, we collate these studies and clinical trials to highlight three distinct but overlapping modes of action for protein isoform-centric drugs: isoform switching, isoform introduction or depletion, and modulation of isoform activity. In addition, we discuss how protein isoforms can be used clinically as targets for cell type-specific drug delivery and immunotherapy, diagnostic biomarkers and sources of cancer neoantigens. Collectively, we emphasize the value of a focus on isoforms as a route to discovering drugs with greater specificity and fewer adverse effects. This approach could enable the targeting of proteins for which pan-inhibition of all isoforms is toxic and poorly tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kjer-Hansen
- EMBL Australia, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert J Weatheritt
- EMBL Australia, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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2
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Stanton E, Sheridan S, Urata M, Chai Y. From Bedside to Bench and Back: Advancing Our Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Cleft Palate and Implications for the Future. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:759-773. [PMID: 36457208 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221142098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of cleft palate (CP) and future perspectives. DESIGN Literature review. SETTING Setting varied across studies by level of care and geographical locations. INTERVENTIONS No interventions were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary outcome measures were to summarize our current understanding of palatogenesis in humans and animal models, the pathophysiology of CP, and potential future treatment modalities. RESULTS Animal research has provided considerable insight into the pathophysiology, molecular and cellular mechanisms of CP that have allowed for the development of novel treatment strategies. However, much work has yet to be done to connect our mouse model investigations and discoveries to CP in humans. The success of innovative strategies for tissue regeneration in mice provides promise for an exciting new avenue for improved and more targeted management of cleft care with precision medicine in patients. However, significant barriers to clinical translation remain. Among the most notable challenges include the differences in some aspects of palatogenesis and tissue repair between mice and humans, suggesting that potential therapies that have worked in animal models may not provide similar benefits to humans. CONCLUSIONS Increased translation of pathophysiological and tissue regeneration studies to clinical trials will bridge a wide gap in knowledge between animal models and human disease. By enhancing interaction between basic scientists and clinicians, and employing our animal model findings of disease mechanisms in concert with what we glean in the clinic, we can generate a more targeted and improved treatment algorithm for patients with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Stanton
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Sheridan
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Urata
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Xing Q, Zhou Q, Li H, Wang Z, Li S, Wu J, Zhu H, Liang D, Li Z, Wu L. Identification of six novel mutations in EDA from 20 hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia families. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 38129747 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic causes of 22 patients with clinically high suspicion of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia from 20 unrelated Chinese families, expand the spectrum of ectodysplasin-A mutations, and provide more evidence for variants of uncertain significance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed and potentially pathogenic variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. Western blotting, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to investigate the preliminary functions of the candidate variants. RESULTS Nineteen ectodysplasin-A variants were identified, six of which were not previously reported. Among these variants, we identified a patient who carried two mutations in ectodysplasin-A and exhibited more severe phenotypes. Additionally, mutant protein expression levels decreased, whereas mRNA transcription levels increased. Cellular sublocalisation of the variants located in the tumour necrosis factor homologous domain showed that the proteins accumulated in the nucleus, whereas wild-type proteins remained in the cell membrane. A rare indel variant and two classical splicing variants that lead to exon 7 skipping were detected. CONCLUSIONS This study provides definitive diagnoses for 20 families with suspected X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and additional information on clinical heterogeneity and genotype-phenotype relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xing
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qimin Zhou
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shun Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Reinartz S, Weiß C, Heppelmann M, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Hellige M, Willen L, Feige K, Schneider P, Distl O. A Missense Mutation in the Collagen Triple Helix of EDA Is Associated with X-Linked Recessive Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Fleckvieh Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 38275590 PMCID: PMC10815684 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations within the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene have been associated with congenital hypotrichosis and anodontia (HAD/XHED) in humans, mice, dogs and cattle. We identified a three-generation family of Fleckvieh cattle with male calves exhibiting clinical and histopathological signs consistent with an X-linked recessive HAD (XHED). Whole genome and Sanger sequencing of cDNA showed a perfect association of the missense mutation g.85716041G>A (ss2019497443, rs1114816375) within the EDA gene with all three cases following an X-linked recessive inheritance, but normal EDAR and EDARADD. This mutation causes an exchange of glycine (G) with arginine (R) at amino acid position 227 (p.227G>R) in the second collagen triple helix repeat domain of EDA. The EDA variant was associated with a significant reduction and underdevelopment of hair follicles along with a reduced outgrowth of hairs, a complete loss of seromucous nasolabial and mucous tracheal and bronchial glands and a malformation of and reduction in number of teeth. Thermostability of EDA G227R was reduced, consistent with a relatively mild hair and tooth phenotype. However, incisors and canines were more severely affected in one of the calves, which correlated with the presence of a homozygous missense mutation of RNF111 (g.51306765T>G), a putative candidate gene possibly associated with tooth number in EDA-deficient Fleckvieh calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Reinartz
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Christine Weiß
- Clinic for Swine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Maike Heppelmann
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | | | - Maren Hellige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (L.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Karsten Feige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (L.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
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5
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Ou S, Jeyalatha MV, Mao Y, Wang J, Chen C, Zhang M, Liu X, Liang M, Lin S, Wu Y, Li Y, Li W. The Role of Ectodysplasin A on the Ocular Surface Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415700. [PMID: 36555342 PMCID: PMC9779463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (EDA), a ligand of the TNF family, plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface. EDA is necessary for the development of the meibomian gland, the lacrimal gland, as well as the proliferation and barrier function of the corneal epithelium. The mutation of EDA can induce the destruction of the ocular surface resulting in keratopathy, abnormality of the meibomian gland and maturation of the lacrimal gland. Experimental animal studies showed that a prenatal ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection or postnatal intravenous administration of soluble recombinant EDA protein can efficiently prevent the development of ocular surface abnormalities in EDA mutant animals. Furthermore, local application of EDA could restore the damaged ocular surface to some extent. Hence, a recombinant EDA-based therapy may serve as a novel paradigm to treat ocular surface disorders, such as meibomian gland dysfunction and corneal epithelium abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Ou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mani Vimalin Jeyalatha
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Chao Chen
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minghui Liang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-592-2183761
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6
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Extended Overview of Ocular Phenotype with Recent Advances in Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091357. [PMID: 36138666 PMCID: PMC9497858 DOI: 10.3390/children9091357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The term ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) describes a heterogeneous group of inherited developmental disorders that affect several tissues of ectodermal origin. The most common form of EDs is hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), which is characterized by hypodontia, hypotrichosis, and partial or total eccrine sweat gland deficiency. HED is estimated to affect at least 1 in 17,000 people worldwide. Patients with HED have characteristic facies with periorbital hyperpigmentation, depressed nasal bridge, malar hypoplasia, and absent or sparse eyebrows and eyelashes. The common ocular features of HED include madarosis, trichiasis, and ocular chronic surface disease due to dry eye syndrome, which manifests clinically with discomfort, photophobia, and redness. Dry eye is common in HED and results from a combination of ocular surface defects: mucus abnormalities (abnormal conjunctival mucinous glands), aqueous tear deficiency (abnormalities in the lacrimal gland) and lipid deficiency (due to the partial or total absence of the meibomian glands; modified sebaceous glands with the tarsal plate). Sight-threatening complications result from ocular surface disease, including corneal ulceration and perforation with subsequent corneal scarring and neovascularization. Rare ocular features have been reported and include bilateral or unilateral congenital cataracts, bilateral glaucoma, chorioretinal atrophy and atresia of the nasolacrimal duct. Recognition of the ocular manifestations of HED is required to perform clinical surveillance, instigate supportive and preventative treatment, and manage ocular complications.
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7
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhou B, Hui L, Zheng L, Chen X, Wang S, Yang L, Hao S, Zhang Q. Three Variants Affecting Exon 1 of Ectodysplasin A Cause X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics. Front Genet 2022; 13:916340. [PMID: 35873474 PMCID: PMC9298733 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.916340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ectodysplasin A (EDA) variations are major pathogenic factors for hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia (ED), characterized by hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, hypodontia, and other oral features. Methods: Molecular genetic defects in three HED families were detected by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The effect of splicing variant was further verified by EDA minigene in vitro analysis. De novo deletion was confirmed by chromosomal microarray analysis. Results: Three variants (c.396 + 1 G > C, c.171-173 del GTT, and exon 1 deletion) were identified, all affecting exon 1 of the EDA gene. Variants c.396 + 1 G > C and c.171-173 del GTT were first identified. Minigene analysis of the splicing variant (c.396 + 1 G > C) displayed a prolonged EDA-A1 transcript containing extra 699 bp at the start of intron 1, representing a functional cryptic splice site formation in vitro. Combining the results of chromosomal microarray analysis and whole-exome sequencing, the deletion variant was over 87 kb. Three variants were predicted to affect protein function to differing degrees, and were responsible for X-linked HED with varying phenotype. Conclusion: Investigating the clinical and molecular characteristics of these variations broadens our understanding of EDA gene variants, supporting clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingbo Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Hui
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shifan Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengju Hao
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
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8
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Gökdere S, Schneider H, Hehr U, Willen L, Schneider P, Maier-Wohlfart S. Functional and clinical analysis of five EDA variants associated with ectodermal dysplasia but with a hard-to-predict significance. Front Genet 2022; 13:934395. [PMID: 35923710 PMCID: PMC9339965 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.934395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) due to variants of the gene EDA causes X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), a rare genetic condition characterized by abnormal development of ectodermal structures. XLHED is defined by the triad of hypotrichosis, hypo- or anhidrosis, and hypo- or anodontia. Anhidrosis may lead to life-threatening hyperthermia. A definite genetic diagnosis is, thus, important for the patients' management and amenability to a novel prenatal treatment option. Here, we describe five familial EDA variants segregating with the disease in three families, for which different prediction tools yielded discordant results with respect to their significance. Functional properties in vitro and levels of circulating serum EDA were compared with phenotypic data on skin, hair, eyes, teeth, and sweat glands. EDA1-Gly176Val, although associated with relevant hypohidrosis, still bound to the EDA receptor (EDAR). Subjects with EDA1-Pro389LeufsX27, -Ter392GlnfsX30, -Ser125Cys, and an EDA1 splice variant (c.924+7A > G) showed complete absence of pilocarpine-induced sweating. EDA1-Pro389LeufsX27 was incapable of binding to EDAR and undetectable in serum. EDA1-Ter392GlnfsX30, produced in much lower amounts than wild-type EDA1, could still bind to EDAR, and so did EDA1-Ser125Cys that was, however, undetectable in serum. The EDA splice variant c.924+7A > G resulted experimentally in a mix of wild-type EDA1 and EDA molecules truncated in the middle of the receptor-binding domain, with reduced EDA serum concentration. Thus, in vitro assays reflected the clinical phenotype in two of these difficult cases, but underestimated it in three others. Absence of circulating EDA seems to predict the full-blown phenotype of XLHED, while residual EDA levels may also be found in anhidrotic patients. This indicates that unborn subjects carrying variants of uncertain significance could benefit from an upcoming prenatal medical treatment even if circulating EDA levels or tests in vitro suggest residual EDA1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sare Gökdere
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holm Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Hehr
- Center for Human Genetics, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Maier-Wohlfart
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Leo B, Schneider H, Hammersen J. Reproductive decision-making by women with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1863-1870. [PMID: 35611639 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) deficiency results in malformation of hair, teeth, and sweat glands. Lack of sweating which can cause life-threatening hyperthermia is amenable to intrauterine therapy with recombinant EDA1. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at evaluating reproductive decision-making by women with XLHED and at clarifying the potential impact of a prenatal treatment option. METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional analysis, a 75-item questionnaire filled in by 50 women with XLHED (age 19-49 years) was assessed. RESULTS 16 women (32%) prevented pregnancies because of the risk to pass on XLHED, 15 considered assisted reproduction for the same reason. Twelve women had a history of miscarriage, stillbirth or abortion, three women reported on previous abortion of affected fetuses. When imagining to be pregnant, all except one showed interest in prenatal diagnosis of XLHED and in the possibility of treatment before birth. In 13 out of 50 women (26%), XLHED if detected prenatally would have impact on the continuation of pregnancy. Among 35 mothers of at least one affected child, XLHED had rarely been diagnosed during the first pregnancy (17%) but regularly during subsequent pregnancies (77%). Becoming aware of the condition before birth had caused a moral conflict for 50% of these women. Subjects with an affected child less frequently considered assisted reproduction to prevent XLHED (p<0.05). In more than 66% of the women who reported an effect of XLHED on family planning, a prenatal treatment option for this disease would influence their decision-making. CONCLUSIONS Many pregnant XLHED carriers who seek prenatal diagnosis experience moral conflicts. A prenatal treatment option would have strong impact on reproductive decisions, underlining the importance of adequate professional counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leo
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Hammersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Williams R, Jobling S, Sims AH, Mou C, Wilkinson L, Collu GM, Streuli CH, Gilmore AP, Headon DJ, Brennan K. Elevated EDAR signalling promotes mammary gland tumourigenesis with squamous metaplasia. Oncogene 2022; 41:1040-1049. [PMID: 34916592 PMCID: PMC8837535 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR) is a death receptor in the Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) superfamily with roles in the development of hair follicles, teeth and cutaneous glands. Here we report that human Oestrogen Receptor (ER) negative breast carcinomas which display squamous differentiation express EDAR strongly. Using a mouse model with a high Edar copy number, we show that elevated EDAR signalling results in a high incidence of mammary tumours in breeding female mice. These tumours resemble the EDAR-high human tumours in that they are characterised by a lack of oestrogen receptor expression, contain extensive squamous metaplasia, and display strong β-catenin transcriptional activity. In the mouse model, all of the tumours carry somatic deletions of the third exon of the CTNNB1 gene that encodes β-catenin. Deletion of this exon yields unconstrained β-catenin signalling activity. We also demonstrate that β-catenin activity is required for transformed cell growth, showing that increased EDAR signalling creates an environment in which β-catenin activity can readily promote tumourigenesis. Together, this work identifies a novel death receptor oncogene in breast cancer, whose mechanism of transformation is based on the interaction between the WNT and Ectodysplasin A (EDA) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Williams
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephanie Jobling
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, Edinburgh Breakthrough Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Chunyan Mou
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Lorna Wilkinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Giovanna M Collu
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Charles H Streuli
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew P Gilmore
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Denis J Headon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
| | - Keith Brennan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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11
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Inazawa-Terada M, Namiki T, Omigawa C, Fujimoto T, Munetsugu T, Ugajin T, Shimomura Y, Ohshima Y, Yoshida K, Niizeki H, Hayashi R, Nakano H, Yokozeki H. An epidemiological survey of anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in Japan: High prevalence of allergic diseases. J Dermatol 2021; 49:422-431. [PMID: 34897795 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (A/HED) is a congenital disorder characterized by anhidrosis/hypohidrosis and inadequate hair and dental dysplasia. Large-scale case studies of patients with A/HED have already been conducted overseas, while there has been no large-scale study, but only a few case reports in Japan. Furthermore, an epidemiological study of this disease has not been conducted in Japan to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of A/HED patients, the status of genetic aberrations and complications of A/HED in Japan. Initially, we conducted a physician-initiated questionnaire survey of A/HED patients who visited medical institutions across Japan to investigate their backgrounds, clinical symptoms, genotypes, diagnostic methods and complications of A/HED. We also investigated the presence or absence of various allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis-like skin manifestations, bronchial asthma and food allergies). Questionnaires were also obtained from 26 patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) who visited four medical institutions. We compared the incidence of allergic diseases in healthy controls in a similar study to that of patients. Twenty-four of those patients were considered to have A/HED, of which 18 had a confirmed genetic diagnosis and were genotyped. All patients had anhidrosis or hypohidrosis, hair and dental dysplasia, and unique facial appearance; 23 patients had several cutaneous manifestations and seven patients had periorbital pigmentation. In addition, there was a significantly higher incidence of atopic dermatitis-like cutaneous manifestations, bronchial asthma and food allergies in the A/HED patients than in healthy controls. We report the results from a questionnaire survey of 24 patients with A/HED. This is the first report of a large number of A/HED patients in Japan. This study clarifies the status of clinical diagnosis and genetic testing of A/HED patients in Japan, as well as the characteristics of their skin symptoms and allergic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Inazawa-Terada
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Namiki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chika Omigawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takichi Munetsugu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ugajin
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohshima
- Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kazue Yoshida
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Niizeki
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hajime Nakano
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yokozeki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Thornton CS, Puttagunta L, Helmersen D, Thakrar MV, Nagendran J, Lien D, Varughese RA. ANOTHER syndrome-Familial presentations of progressive lung disease leading to double lung transplantation: A case report and literature review. Respirol Case Rep 2021; 9:e0872. [PMID: 34765225 PMCID: PMC8569409 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) are a heterogeneous rare group of disorders with an incidence at 1/100,000 live births. Currently, there are limited case reports of patients requiring lung transplantation. Here, we report two brothers who present with a constellation of features including alopecia, nail dystrophy, ophthalmic complications, thyroid disease, hypohidrosis, ephelides, enteropathy and recurrent respiratory tract infections, known as ANOTHER syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive variant of ED. Both presented in early childhood with progressive respiratory decline and eventual failure. Chronic respiratory decline was refractory to standard therapy. Both patients required lung transplantation for sequelae of end-stage lung disease. Pathology demonstrated multifocal bronchiectasis with areas of fibrosis and small airway obstruction. ANOTHER syndrome is rare with a paucity of data in the literature. Given the limited therapeutic options available with natural progression towards respiratory failure, lung transplantation may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Thornton
- Division of Respirology, Department of MedicineCumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Lakshmi Puttagunta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Douglas Helmersen
- Division of Respirology, Department of MedicineCumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Mitesh V. Thakrar
- Division of Respirology, Department of MedicineCumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Jayan Nagendran
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Dale Lien
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Rhea A. Varughese
- Division of Respirology, Department of MedicineCumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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13
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Hennig V, Schuh W, Neubert A, Mielenz D, Jäck HM, Schneider H. Increased risk of chronic fatigue and hair loss following COVID-19 in individuals with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:373. [PMID: 34479575 PMCID: PMC8414461 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a group of genodermatoses in which deficient ectodysplasin A signalling leads to maldevelopment of skin appendages, various eccrine glands, and teeth. Individuals with HED often have disrupted epithelial barriers and, therefore, were suspected to be more susceptible to coronavirus infection. METHODS 56 households with at least one member who had coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) were enrolled in a longitudinal study to compare the course of illness, immune responses, and long-term consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in HED patients (n = 15, age 9-52 years) and control subjects of the same age group (n = 149). RESULTS In 14 HED patients, mild or moderate typical COVID-19 symptoms were observed that lasted for 4-45 days. Fever during the first days sometimes required external cooling measures. The course of COVID-19 was similar to that in control subjects if patients developed antibodies blocking the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Five out of six HED patients with completely abrogated ectodysplasin A signalling (83%) suffered from chronic, in two cases very severe fatigue following COVID-19, while only 25% of HED patients with residual activity of this pathway and 21% of control subjects recovering from COVID-19 experienced postinfectious fatigue. Hair loss after COVID-19 was also more frequent among HED patients (64%) than in the control group (13%). CONCLUSIONS HED appears to be associated with an increased risk of long-term consequences of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Preventive vaccination against COVID-19 should be recommended for individuals affected by this rare genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hennig
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antje Neubert
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holm Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Spina E, Cowin P. Embryonic mammary gland development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Körber L, Schneider H, Fleischer N, Maier-Wohlfart S. No evidence for preferential X-chromosome inactivation as the main cause of divergent phenotypes in sisters with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:98. [PMID: 33622384 PMCID: PMC7901220 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), a rare genetic disorder, affects the normal development of ectodermal derivatives, such as hair, skin, teeth, and sweat glands. It is caused by pathogenic variants of the gene EDA and defined by a triad of hypotrichosis, hypo- or anodontia, and hypo- or anhidrosis which may lead to life-threatening hyperthermia. Although female carriers are less severely affected than male patients, they display symptoms, too, with high phenotypic variability. This study aimed to elucidate whether phenotypic differences in female XLHED patients with identical EDA genotypes might be explained by deviating X-chromosome inactivation (XI) patterns. METHODS Six families, each consisting of two sisters with the same EDA variant and their parents (with either mother or father being carrier of the variant), participated in this study. XLHED-related data like sweating ability, dental status, facial dysmorphism, and skin issues were assessed. We determined the women`s individual XI patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes by the human androgen receptor assay and collated the results with phenotypic features. RESULTS The surprisingly large inter- and intrafamilial variability of symptoms in affected females was not explicable by the pathogenic variants. Our cohort showed no higher rate of nonrandom XI in peripheral blood leukocytes than the general female population. Furthermore, skewed XI patterns in favour of the mutated alleles were not associated with more severe phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence for preferential XI in female XLHED patients and no distinct correlation between XLHED-related phenotypic features and XI patterns. Phenotypic variability seems to be evoked by other genetic or epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Körber
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holm Schneider
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Sigrun Maier-Wohlfart
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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16
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Ostedgaard LS, Price MP, Whitworth KM, Abou Alaiwa MH, Fischer AJ, Warrier A, Samuel M, Spate LD, Allen PD, Hilkin BM, Romano Ibarra GS, Ortiz Bezara ME, Goodell BJ, Mather SE, Powers LS, Stroik MR, Gansemer ND, Hippee CE, Zarei K, Goeken JA, Businga TR, Hoffman EA, Meyerholz DK, Prather RS, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ. Lack of airway submucosal glands impairs respiratory host defenses. eLife 2020; 9:59653. [PMID: 33026343 PMCID: PMC7541087 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Submucosal glands (SMGs) are a prominent structure that lines human cartilaginous airways. Although it has been assumed that SMGs contribute to respiratory defense, that hypothesis has gone without a direct test. Therefore, we studied pigs, which have lungs like humans, and disrupted the gene for ectodysplasin (EDA-KO), which initiates SMG development. EDA-KO pigs lacked SMGs throughout the airways. Their airway surface liquid had a reduced ability to kill bacteria, consistent with SMG production of antimicrobials. In wild-type pigs, SMGs secrete mucus that emerges onto the airway surface as strands. Lack of SMGs and mucus strands disrupted mucociliary transport in EDA-KO pigs. Consequently, EDA-KO pigs failed to eradicate a bacterial challenge in lung regions normally populated by SMGs. These in vivo and ex vivo results indicate that SMGs are required for normal antimicrobial activity and mucociliary transport, two key host defenses that protect the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda S Ostedgaard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Margaret P Price
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | | | - Mahmoud H Abou Alaiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Anthony J Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Akshaya Warrier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Melissa Samuel
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - Lee D Spate
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - Patrick D Allen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Brieanna M Hilkin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Guillermo S Romano Ibarra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Miguel E Ortiz Bezara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Brian J Goodell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Steven E Mather
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Linda S Powers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Mallory R Stroik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Nicholas D Gansemer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Camilla E Hippee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Keyan Zarei
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - J Adam Goeken
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Thomas R Businga
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - David A Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
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17
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Wohlfart S, Schneider H. Variants of the ectodysplasin A1 receptor gene underlying homozygous cases of autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Clin Genet 2020; 95:427-432. [PMID: 30623979 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare genetic condition resulting from defective development of ectodermal derivatives, such as hair, teeth, and sweat glands. Autosomal recessive (AR) forms of HED may be caused by pathogenic variants of the ectodysplasin A1 receptor (EDAR) gene that encodes a receptor involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Here, we describe three cases of AR-HED in families of Turkish, Austrian, and German-American origin (with or without known consanguinity). In these cases, two out-of-frame deletions and a pathogenic missense variant of EDAR were found to be disease-causing due to reduced availability of the respective messenger RNA or impaired interaction of the encoded protein with its binding partner leading to diminished signal transduction. The same missense variant, c.1258C>T (p.Arg420Trp), has actually been reported to be restricted to the Icelandic population and to be associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis but not HED. As our patient has no known relationship to Icelandic individuals and displays a rather severe HED phenotype, we suggest that EDAR-Arg420Trp is a more widespread variant, possibly with variable clinical expressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Wohlfart
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holm Schneider
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Nanegrungsunk D, Jericho BG. Oral surgery with nasotracheal intubation in a patient with ectodermal dysplasia. Anaesth Rep 2020; 8:e12054. [PMID: 32728666 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are a rare group of heritable disorders involving the ectodermal derivatives with only a few published reports involving its anaesthetic management. We present the case of a 16-year-old boy with ectodermal dysplasia presented for elective oral surgery under general anaesthesia with a surgeon preference for nasotracheal intubation to provide adequate surgical exposure. The patient had successful nasal flexible bronchoscopic intubation despite challenging tracheal intubation conditions. We summarise previous case reports and discuss anaesthetic considerations in ectodermal dysplasia , including reduced mucus production in the respiratory tract, laryngeal incompetence, potential for difficult tracheal intubation and hyperthermia from reduced or absent sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nanegrungsunk
- Department of Anaesthesiology University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago IL USA
| | - B G Jericho
- Department of Anaesthesiology University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago IL USA
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19
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Körber I, Klein OD, Morhart P, Faschingbauer F, Grange DK, Clarke A, Bodemer C, Maitz S, Huttner K, Kirby N, Durand C, Schneider H. Safety and immunogenicity of Fc-EDA, a recombinant ectodysplasin A1 replacement protein, in human subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:2063-2069. [PMID: 32250462 PMCID: PMC7495278 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, the most frequent ectodermal dysplasia, an inherited deficiency of the signalling protein ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) impairs the development of the skin and its appendages, various eccrine glands, and dentition. The severe hypohidrosis common to X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patients may lead to life‐threatening hyperthermia, especially during hot weather or febrile illness. Fc‐EDA, an EDA1 replacement protein known to prevent the disease in newborn animals, was tested in 2 clinical trials (human adults and neonates) and additionally administered under compassionate use to 3 infants in utero. The data support the safety of Fc‐EDA and efficacy if applied prenatally. Anti‐drug antibodies were detected after intravenous administration in adult males and nonpregnant females, but not in pregnant women when Fc‐EDA was delivered intra‐amniotically. Most importantly, there was no detectable immune response to the investigational drug in neonates treated by intravenous infusions and in infants who had received Fc‐EDA in utero. In conclusion, the safety profile of this drug encourages further development of prenatal EDA1 replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Körber
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Morhart
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Maitz
- San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Neil Kirby
- Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Holm Schneider
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Genodermatoses are inherited disorders presenting with cutaneous manifestations with or without the involvement of other systems. The majority of these disorders, particularly in cases that present with a cutaneous patterning, may be explained in the context of genetic mosaicism. Despite the barriers to the genetic analysis of mosaic disorders, next-generation sequencing has led to a substantial progress in understanding their pathogenesis, which has significant implications for the clinical management and genetic counseling. Advances in paired and deep sequencing technologies in particular have made the study of mosaic disorders more feasible. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic mosaicism as well as mosaic cutaneous disorders and the techniques required to study them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Cheraghlou
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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21
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Wohlfart S, Meiller R, Hammersen J, Park J, Menzel-Severing J, Melichar VO, Huttner K, Johnson R, Porte F, Schneider H. Natural history of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a 5-year follow-up study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:7. [PMID: 31924237 PMCID: PMC6954509 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is caused by pathogenic variants of the gene EDA disrupting the prenatal development of ectodermal derivatives. Cardinal symptoms are hypotrichosis, lack of teeth, and hypo- or anhidrosis, but the disease may also evoke other clinical problems. This study aimed at investigating the clinical course of XLHED in early childhood as the basis for an evaluation of the efficacy of potential treatments. Methods 25 children (19 boys and 6 girls between 11 and 35 months of age) with genetically confirmed XLHED were enrolled in a long-term natural history study. Clinical data were collected both retrospectively using parent questionnaires and medical records (pregnancy, birth, infancy) and prospectively until the age of 60 months. General development, dentition, sweating ability, ocular, respiratory, and skin involvement were assessed by standardized clinical examination and yearly quantitative surveys. Results All male subjects suffered from persistent anhidrosis and heat intolerance, although a few sweat ducts were detected in some patients. Sweating ability of girls with XLHED ranged from strongly reduced to almost normal. In the male subjects, 1–12 deciduous teeth erupted and 0–8 tooth germs of the permanent dentition became detectable. Tooth numbers were higher but variable in the female group. Most affected boys had no more than three if any Meibomian glands per eyelid, most girls had fewer than 10. Many male subjects developed additional, sometimes severe health issues, such as obstructive airway conditions, chronic eczema, or dry eye disease. Adverse events included various XLHED-related infections, unexplained fever, allergic reactions, and retardation of psychomotor development. Conclusions This first comprehensive study of the course of XLHED confirmed the early involvement of multiple organs, pointing to the need of early therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Wohlfart
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias & Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ralph Meiller
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Hammersen
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias & Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jung Park
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias & Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Volker O Melichar
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias & Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Holm Schneider
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias & Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Massey H, House J, Tipton M. Thermoregulation in Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Case Series. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224514. [PMID: 31731639 PMCID: PMC6888138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare genetic disorder occurring as a consequence of gene mutations that code for the ectoderm of the developing embryo and results in numerous disorders of varying severity. The lack of functioning sweat glands in those affected with ED leads to high infant mortality and frequent complaints of hyperthermia. Temperature control of two adolescents affected with ED was assessed by conducting heat and exercise exposures while monitoring insulated auditory canal (Tac) and skin temperatures, sweating rates, and skin blood flow. One participant was able to sweat and regulate his Tac while a second participant could not regulate Tac without a cooling intervention. The heterogeneous nature of ED, and these cases highlight the need for a case-by-case review of temperature control of individuals affected with ED. This will determine cooling strategies that would be of most benefit to the individual.
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Liu G, Wang X, Qin M, Sun L, Zhu J. A novel missense mutation p.S305R of EDA gene causes XLHED in a Chinese family. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 107:104507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Escouflaire C, Rebours E, Charles M, Orellana S, Cano M, Rivière J, Grohs C, Hayes H, Capitan A. Α de novo 3.8-Mb inversion affecting the EDA and XIST genes in a heterozygous female calf with generalized hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:715. [PMID: 31533624 PMCID: PMC6749632 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mammals, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by sparse hair, tooth abnormalities, and defects in cutaneous glands. Only four genes, EDA, EDAR, EDARADD and WNT10A account for more than 90% of HED cases, and EDA, on chromosome X, is involved in 50% of the cases. In this study, we explored an isolated case of a female Holstein calf with symptoms similar to HED. RESULTS Clinical examination confirmed the diagnosis. The affected female showed homogeneous hypotrichosis and oligodontia as previously observed in bovine EDAR homozygous and EDA hemizygous mutants. Under light microscopy, the hair follicles were thinner and located higher in the dermis of the frontal skin in the affected animal than in the control. Moreover, the affected animal showed a five-fold increase in the number of hair follicles and a four-fold decrease in the diameter of the pilary canals. Pedigree analysis revealed that the coefficient of inbreeding of the affected calf (4.58%) was not higher than the average population inbreeding coefficient (4.59%). This animal had ten ancestors in its paternal and maternal lineages. By estimating the number of affected cases that would be expected if any of these common ancestors carried a recessive mutation, we concluded that, if they existed, other cases of HED should have been reported in France, which is not the case. Therefore, we assumed that the causal mutation was dominant and de novo. By analyzing whole-genome sequencing data, we identified a large chromosomal inversion with breakpoints located in the first introns of the EDA and XIST genes. Genotyping by PCR-electrophoresis the case and its parents allowed us to demonstrate the de novo origin of this inversion. Finally, using various sources of information we present a body of evidence that supports the hypothesis that this mutation is responsible for a skewed inactivation of X, and that only the normal X can be inactivated. CONCLUSIONS In this article, we report a unique case of X-linked HED affected Holstein female calf with an assumed full inactivation of the normal X-chromosome, thus leading to a severe phenotype similar to that of hemizygous males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Escouflaire
- INRA, GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Allice, 75595, Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Rebours
- INRA, GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mathieu Charles
- INRA, GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRA, SIGENAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sébastien Orellana
- INRA, GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Margarita Cano
- INRA, GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- INRA, GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRA, Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cécile Grohs
- INRA, GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hélène Hayes
- INRA, GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aurélien Capitan
- INRA, GABI, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Allice, 75595, Paris, France.
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25
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Margolis CA, Schneider P, Huttner K, Kirby N, Houser TP, Wildman L, Grove GL, Schneider H, Casal ML. Prenatal Treatment of X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia using Recombinant Ectodysplasin in a Canine Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:806-813. [PMID: 31000577 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.256040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is caused by defects in the EDA gene that inactivate the function of ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1). This leads to abnormal development of eccrine glands, hair follicles, and teeth, and to frequent respiratory infections. Previous studies in the naturally occurring dog model demonstrated partial prevention of the XLHED phenotype by postnatal administration of recombinant EDA1. The results suggested that a single or two temporally spaced injections of EDI200 prenatally might improve the clinical outcome in the dog model. Fetuses received ultrasound-guided EDI200 intra-amniotically at gestational days 32 and 45, or 45 or 55 alone (of a 65-day pregnancy). Growth rates, lacrimation, hair growth, meibomian glands, sweating, dentition, and mucociliary clearance were compared in treated and untreated XLHED-affected dogs, and in heterozygous and wild-type control dogs. Improved phenotypic outcomes were noted in the earlier and more frequently treated animals. All animals treated prenatally showed positive responses compared with untreated dogs with XLHED, most notably in the transfer of moisture through paw pads, suggesting improved onset of sweating ability and restored meibomian gland development. These results exemplify the feasibility of ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injections for the treatment of developmental disorders, with improved formation of specific EDA1-dependent structures in dogs with XLHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Margolis
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Pascal Schneider
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Kenneth Huttner
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Neil Kirby
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Timothy P Houser
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Lee Wildman
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Gary L Grove
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Holm Schneider
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Margret L Casal
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
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Yao B, Xie J, Liu N, Hu T, Song W, Huang S, Fu X. Direct reprogramming of epidermal cells toward sweat gland-like cells by defined factors. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:272. [PMID: 30894517 PMCID: PMC6426881 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported inducing adult cells into sweat gland-like cells; however, slow transition and low efficiency limit the potential for cell-based treatment. Here, we show that overexpression of the transcription factor FoxC1 was sufficient to reprogram epidermal cells to induced functional sweat gland-like cells (iSGCs). The iSGCs expressing secreting-related genes, had a global gene expression profile between fetal SGCs (P5) and adult SGCs (P28). Moreover, iSGCs transplanted into the burn mice model facilitated wound repair and sweat gland regeneration. We further demonstrated that the Foxc1 upregulated BMP5 transcription and BMP5 is responsible for the cell-type transition. Collectively, this study shows that lineage reprogramming of epidermal cells into iSGCs provides an excellent cell source and a promising regenerative strategy for anhidrosis and hypohidrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfan Xie
- Burn Department of the First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, 450004, P.R. China
| | - Nanbo Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated South China Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Province People's Hospital), Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Tian Hu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P.R. China
| | - Sha Huang
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P.R. China.
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27
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A de Novo EDA-Variant in a Litter of Shorthaired Standard Dachshunds with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:95-104. [PMID: 30397018 PMCID: PMC6325906 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a detailed phenotype description and genetic elucidation of the first case of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the shorthaired standard Dachshund. This condition is characterized by partial congenital hypotrichosis, missing and malformed teeth and a lack of eccrine sweat glands. Clinical signs including dental radiographs and histopathological findings were consistent with ectodermal dysplasia. Pedigree analysis supported an X-recessive mode of inheritance. Whole-genome sequencing of one affected puppy and his dam identified a 1-basepair deletion within the ectodysplasin-A (EDA) gene (CM000039.3:g.54509504delT, c.458delT). Sanger sequencing of further family members confirmed the EDA:c.458delT-variant. Validation in all available family members, 37 unrelated shorthaired standard Dachshunds, 128 further Dachshunds from all other coat and size varieties and samples from 34 dog breeds revealed the EDA:c.458delT-variant to be private for this family. Two heterozygous females showed very mild congenital hypotrichosis but normal dentition. Since the dam is demonstrably the only heterozygous animal in the ancestry of the affected animals, we assume that the EDA:c.458delT-variant arose in the germline of the granddam or in an early embryonic stage of the dam. In conclusion, we detected a very recent de-novo EDA mutation causing X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the shorthaired standard Dachshund.
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28
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Suzuki T, Tajima H, Migita M, Pawankar R, Yanagihara T, Fujita A, Shima Y, Yanai E, Katsube Y. A case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia presenting with pyrexia, atopic eczema, and food allergy. Asia Pac Allergy 2019; 9:e3. [PMID: 30740351 PMCID: PMC6365661 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2019.9.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) is a rare hereditary disorder with a triad of sparse hair, dental hypoplasia, and anhidrosis. Here we report a case of AED with food allergy and atopic eczema. The patient was a 11-month-old boy admitted to our hospital with pyrexia for 2 weeks. He presented with a history of dry skin, eczema, and food allergy to egg. On clinical examination, his body temperature was 38.8°C, with dry skin and eczema almost all over the body, sparse eyebrows, and scalp hair. Laboratory investigations and physical examination did not show any evidence of infection. Radioallergosorbent test was positive to egg yolk, egg white, ovomucoid, milk, house dust, and house dust mite. As the child did not sweat despite the high fever, we performed the sweat test which revealed a total lack of sweat glands. Genetic examination revealed a mutation of the EDA gene and he was diagnosed as AED. His pyrexia improved upon cooling with ice and fan. His mother had lost 8 teeth and her sweat test demonstrated low sweating, suggestive of her being a carrier of AED. Atopy and immune deficiencies have been shown to have a higher prevalence in patients with AED. Disruption of the skin barrier in patients with AED make them more prone to allergic diseases such as atopic eczema, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergy. Careful assessment of the familial history is essential to differentiate AED when examining patients with pyrexia of unknown origin and comorbid allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaho Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hanako Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Migita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Shima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Emi Yanai
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Katsube
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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29
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Hammersen J, Wohlfart S, Goecke TW, Köninger A, Stepan H, Gallinat R, Morris S, Bücher K, Clarke A, Wünsche S, Beckmann MW, Schneider H, Faschingbauer F. Reliability of prenatal detection of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia by tooth germ sonography. Prenat Diagn 2018; 39:796-805. [PMID: 30394555 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), dysfunction of ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) due to EDA mutations results in malformation of hair, teeth, and sweat glands. Hypohidrosis, which can cause life-threatening hyperthermia, is amenable to intrauterine therapy with recombinant EDA1. This study aimed at evaluating tooth germ sonography as a noninvasive means to identify affected fetuses in pregnant carrier women. METHODS Sonography, performed at 10 study sites between gestational weeks 18 and 28, led to the diagnosis of XLHED if fewer than six tooth germs were detected in mandible or maxilla. The assessment was verified postnatally by EDA sequencing and/or clinical findings. Estimated fetal weights and postnatal weight gain of boys with XLHED were assessed using appropriate growth charts. RESULTS In 19 of 38 sonographic examinations (23 male and 13 female fetuses), XLHED was detected prenatally. The prenatal diagnosis proved to be correct in 37 cases; one affected male fetus was missed. Specificity and positive predictive value were both 100%. Tooth counts obtained by clinical examination corresponded well with findings on panoramic radiographs. We observed no weight deficits of subjects with XLHED in utero but occasionally during infancy. CONCLUSION Tooth germ sonography is highly specific and reliable in detecting XLHED prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hammersen
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigrun Wohlfart
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tamme W Goecke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Köninger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Gallinat
- Frauenärztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis Günzburg-Ichenhausen, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Susan Morris
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katharina Bücher
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angus Clarke
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.,Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephanie Wünsche
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holm Schneider
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Yalcin ED, Koparal M, Aksoy O. The effect of ectodermal dysplasia on volume and surface area of maxillary sinus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:2991-2996. [PMID: 30343323 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a congenital syndrome characterized by abnormal development of ectodermal structures, such as skin, hair, nails, teeth, or salivary glands. Patients with ED demonstrate craniofacial dysmorphology, midfacial hypoplasia and hypodontia. The aim of this study is to evaluate volume and surface area of maxillary sinus and craniofacial structures in patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. METHODS The CBCT images of 20 patients with ED (study group) and 20 healthy individuals (control) which are equal in terms of age and gender were evaluated. After a three-dimensional analysis and segmentation of each maxillary sinus, the volume and surface area were calculated. Craniofacial dimensions were measured on the sagittal planes of the CBCT images. The results of the ED and control groups were statistically compared. RESULTS The right and left sinus volumes and surface areas were significantly lower in the ED group than in the control group (p < 0.05) while the SNA was significantly higher (p < 0.05). ANB and SN-GoMe were also lower in patients with ED than in controls (p < 0.05). The difference in SNB values between the two groups was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The volumes and surface areas of both maxillary sinuses were found to be smaller in patients with ED compared to healthy individuals. Class III malocclusion with maxillary retrusion is a characteristic craniofacial feature of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Didem Yalcin
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Sehitkamil, 27410, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Koparal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Merkez, 02200, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Liu G, Wang X, Qin M, Sun L, Zhu J. A novel splicing mutation of ectodysplasin A gene responsible for hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1101-1106. [PMID: 29676859 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is characterized by hypohidrosis, hypodontia, sparse hair, and characteristic facial features. This condition is caused by an ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene mutation. In this study, we examined two HED pedigrees and investigated the molecular genetics of the defect. Direct sequencing analysis revealed a previously unidentified mutation in the EDA splice donor site (c.526 + 1G>A). The function of the mutant EDA gene was predicted through online investigations and subsequently confirmed by splicing analysis in vitro. The mutation resulted in the production of a truncated EDA-A1 protein caused by complete omission of exon 3. This novel functional skipping-splicing EDA mutation was considered to be the cause of HED in the two pedigrees reported here. Our findings, combined with those reported elsewhere, provide an improved understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of HED as well as important information for a genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - M Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - L Sun
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Reyes-Reali J, Mendoza-Ramos MI, Garrido-Guerrero E, Méndez-Catalá CF, Méndez-Cruz AR, Pozo-Molina G. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: clinical and molecular review. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:965-972. [PMID: 29855039 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED) is a genetic human disorder which affects structures of ectodermal origin. Although there are autosomal recessive and dominant forms, X-linked (XL) is the most frequent form of the disease. This XL-HED phenotype is associated with mutations in the gene encoding the transmembrane protein ectodysplasin-1 (EDA1), a member of the TNFα-related signaling pathway. The proteins from this pathway are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme leading to the development of ectoderm-derived structures in the fetus such as hair, teeth, skin, nails, and eccrine sweat glands. The aim of this review was to update the main clinical characteristics of HED regarding to recent molecular advances in the comprehension of all the possible genes involved in this group of disorders since it is known that Eda-A1-Edar signaling has multiple roles in ectodermal organ development, regulating their initiation, morphogenesis, and differentiation steps. The knowledge of the biological mechanisms that generate HED is needed for both a better detection of possible cases and for the design of efficient prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reyes-Reali
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Mendoza-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Efraín Garrido-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia F Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio Nacional de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas/Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Adolfo R Méndez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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33
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Schneider H, Faschingbauer F, Schuepbach-Mallepell S, Körber I, Wohlfart S, Dick A, Wahlbuhl M, Kowalczyk-Quintas C, Vigolo M, Kirby N, Tannert C, Rompel O, Rascher W, Beckmann MW, Schneider P. Prenatal Correction of X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1604-1610. [PMID: 29694819 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1714322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic deficiency of ectodysplasin A (EDA) causes X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), in which the development of sweat glands is irreversibly impaired, an condition that can lead to life-threatening hyperthermia. We observed normal development of mouse fetuses with Eda mutations after they had been exposed in utero to a recombinant protein that includes the receptor-binding domain of EDA. We administered this protein intraamniotically to two affected human twins at gestational weeks 26 and 31 and to a single affected human fetus at gestational week 26; the infants, born in week 33 (twins) and week 39 (singleton), were able to sweat normally, and XLHED-related illness had not developed by 14 to 22 months of age. (Funded by Edimer Pharmaceuticals and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Holm Schneider
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Florian Faschingbauer
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Sonia Schuepbach-Mallepell
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Iris Körber
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Sigrun Wohlfart
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Angela Dick
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Mandy Wahlbuhl
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Christine Kowalczyk-Quintas
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Michele Vigolo
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Neil Kirby
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Corinna Tannert
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Oliver Rompel
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Wolfgang Rascher
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
| | - Pascal Schneider
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.S., I.K., S.W., A.D., M.W., W.R.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.F., M.W.B.), and Radiology (O.R.), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Radiology Nienburg, Nienburg/Weser (C.T.) - both in Germany; the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland (S.S.-M., C.K.-Q., M.V., P.S.); and Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Andover, MA (N.K.)
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34
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Mikkola ML. In Utero Protein Therapy for an Inherited Developmental Disorder. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1637-1638. [PMID: 29694818 DOI: 10.1056/nejme1803224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marja L Mikkola
- From the Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
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35
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Feng X, Weng C, Wei T, Sun J, Huang F, Yu P, Qi M. Two EDA gene mutations in chinese patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e324-e326. [PMID: 29444360 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Feng
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - C Weng
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - T Wei
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - F Huang
- Department of Dermatology of Suxi Health-center, Yiwu, 322009, China
| | - P Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - M Qi
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, New York, NY, 14604, USA.,Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China.,DIAN Diagnostics, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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36
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Liu N, Niu S, Cao XR, Cheng JQ, Gao SY, Yu XJ, Wang HD, Dong CS, He XY. Let-7b regulates alpaca hair growth by downregulating ectodysplasin A. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4688-4694. [PMID: 29344666 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), also known as anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, is characterized by the clinical manifestations of less sweat or no sweat, sparse or no hair, tooth agenesis and/or abnormal tooth morphology. The characteristics of alpaca ear hair differ from the back hair. The ectodysplasin A (EDA) signaling pathway has a regulatory effect on skin development and hair growth. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of EDA on alpaca hair growth by examining the mRNA and protein expression levels of EDA in alpaca ear and back skin by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Results indicated that EDA expression was higher in the ear skin compared with the back skin. The expression levels of let‑7b in the skin of healthy alpacas varies; the difference between let‑7b expression levels of the ear and back have been reported to be >2‑fold, suggesting a role for let‑7b in the development of adult alpaca skin and hair follicles. A dual‑luciferase reporter vector was constructed to verify the targeting relationship between microRNA let‑7b and EDA, and the results revealed that EDA was a target gene of let‑7b. Alpaca skin fibroblasts were transfected with a let‑7b eukaryotic expression vector to investigate the regulatory relationship between let‑7b and EDA. The expression of EDA was decreased in the transfected group; immunocytochemical results demonstrated that the EDA protein was abundantly expressed in the fibroblast cytoplasm. EDA protein expression was weaker in the transfected cells than in the untransfected cells. These results suggested that EDA may serve a role in alpaca hair growth and is probably a target gene of let‑7b; let‑7b downregulated EDA mRNA and protein expressions, which suggested that let‑7b may regulate alpaca hair growth. These conclusions suggested that let‑7b may be associated with HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Shu Niu
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rui Cao
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Cheng
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yuan Gao
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ju Yu
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Dong Wang
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Sheng Dong
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
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37
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Li S, Zhou J, Zhang L, Li J, Yu J, Ning K, Qu Y, He H, Chen Y, Reinach PS, Liu C, Liu Z, Li W. Ectodysplasin A regulates epithelial barrier function through sonic hedgehog signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:230-240. [PMID: 28782908 PMCID: PMC5742694 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (Eda), a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily, plays an important role in ectodermal organ development. An EDA mutation underlies the most common of ectodermal dysplasias, that is X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) in humans. Even though it lacks a developmental function, the role of Eda during the postnatal stage remains elusive. In this study, we found tight junctional proteins ZO-1 and claudin-1 expression is largely reduced in epidermal, corneal and lung epithelia in Eda mutant Tabby mice at different postnatal ages. These declines are associated with tail ulceration, corneal pannus formation and lung infection. Furthermore, topical application of recombinant Eda protein markedly mitigated corneal barrier dysfunction. Using cultures of a human corneal epithelial cell line and Tabby mouse skin tissue explants, Eda up-regulated expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1 through activation of the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway. We conclude that EDA gene expression contributes to the maintenance of epithelial barrier function. Such insight may help efforts to identify novel strategies for improving management of XLHED disease manifestations in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanming Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Jing Zhou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Liying Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Juan Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Ke Ning
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Yangluowa Qu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Hui He
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Yongxiong Chen
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | | | - Chia‐Yang Liu
- School of Optometry BloomingtonIndiana University BloomingtonBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterXiamenFujianChina
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterXiamenFujianChina
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38
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Higashino T, Lee JYW, McGrath JA. Advances in the genetic understanding of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1405806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Higashino
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - John Y. W. Lee
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - John A. McGrath
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
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39
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A six-gene expression toolbox for the glands, epithelium and chondrocytes in the mouse nasal cavity. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 27:46-55. [PMID: 29122676 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nose is the central feature of the amniote face. In adults, the nose is a structurally and functionally complex organ that consists of bone, cartilage, glands and ducts. In an ongoing expression screen in our lab, we found several novel markers for specific tissues in the nasal region. Here, using in situ hybridization expression experiments, we report that Alx1, Ap-2β, Crispld1, Eya4, Moxd1, and Penk have tissue specific expression during murine nasal development. At E11.5, we observed that Alx1, Ap-2β, Crispld1, and Eya4 are expressed in the medial and lateral nasal prominences. We found that Moxd1 and Penk are expressed in the lateral nasal prominences. At E15.5, Alx1 is expressed in nasal septum. Ap-2β and Crispld1 are expressed in nasal glands and cartilages. Eya4 is expressed in olfactory epithelium. Intriguingly at E15.5 Moxd1 is expressed in all the nasal cartilage while the expression of Penk is restricted to chondrocytes contributing to the posterior nasal septum. The expression domains reported here suggest that these genes warrant functional studies to determine their role in nasal capsule morphogenesis.
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40
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Ectodysplasin target gene Fgf20 regulates mammary bud growth and ductal invasion and branching during puberty. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5049. [PMID: 28698625 PMCID: PMC5505952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development begins with the appearance of epithelial placodes that invaginate, sprout, and branch to form small arborized trees by birth. The second phase of ductal growth and branching is driven by the highly invasive structures called terminal end buds (TEBs) that form at ductal tips at the onset of puberty. Ectodysplasin (Eda), a tumor necrosis factor-like ligand, is essential for the development of skin appendages including the breast. In mice, Eda regulates mammary placode formation and branching morphogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) receptors have a recognized role in mammary ductal development and stem cell maintenance, but the ligands involved are ill-defined. Here we report that Fgf20 is expressed in embryonic mammary glands and is regulated by the Eda pathway. Fgf20 deficiency does not impede mammary gland induction, but compromises mammary bud growth, as well as TEB formation, ductal outgrowth and branching during puberty. We further show that loss of Fgf20 delays formation of Eda-induced supernumerary mammary buds and normalizes the embryonic and postnatal hyperbranching phenotype of Eda overexpressing mice. These findings identify a hitherto unknown function for Fgf20 in mammary budding and branching morphogenesis.
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Wahlbuhl-Becker M, Faschingbauer F, Beckmann MW, Schneider H. Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: Breastfeeding Complications Due to Impaired Breast Development. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017; 77:377-382. [PMID: 28553001 PMCID: PMC5406230 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia, is caused by mutations in the gene EDA. While only affected men develop the full-blown clinical picture, females who are heterozygous for an EDA mutation often also show symptoms such as hypodontia, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis. These women may also suffer from malformations of the mammary gland which represent not just a cosmetic problem but can limit their breastfeeding capability. This paper summarizes the findings of the first systematic study on the impact of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia on breastfeeding. Patients Thirty-eight adult female members of the German-Swiss-Austrian ectodermal dysplasia patient support group participated in a structured interview; most of them also agreed to a photodocumentation of their mammary region. Thirty-one women carried mutations in EDA (Group A) and seven were affected by other forms of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Group B). Results 39 % of the women of Group A reported that their breasts were of different size or entirely absent on one side. In Group B, 86 % of the women reported differently sized or even absent breasts; two of these women lacked both breasts entirely. Most women described their nipples as exceptionally flat. 10 % of the women of Group A had more than two nipples. The high percentage of deviations from the norm was confirmed in the photodocumentation. Both groups had few or no sebaceous glands of Montgomery in the areolar region. Around 80 % of interviewed women had children and had attempted to breastfeed their first child. 67 % of the mothers in Group A had had difficulty in breastfeeding their infants and generally attributed this difficulty to their flat nipples. All of the mothers in Group B reported difficulties in breastfeeding; 60 % had not been able to breastfeed their first child. Conclusion Mothers with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia very often have difficulty in breastfeeding because of their impaired breast development. This causal relationship needs to be taken into account in lactation counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Wahlbuhl-Becker
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Kompetenzzentrum für Ektodermale Dysplasien, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Holm Schneider
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Kompetenzzentrum für Ektodermale Dysplasien, Erlangen, Germany
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Kothiwala SK, Prajapat M, Kuldeep CM. Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome with palmoplantar keratoderma: A rare association. Indian Dermatol Online J 2016; 7:393-395. [PMID: 27730036 PMCID: PMC5038101 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.190506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Christ–Siemens–Touraine syndrome is a form of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (ED) characterized by triad of hypodontia, hypotrichosis, and hypohidrosis. Palmoplantar keratoderma is a characteristic feature of hidrotic forms of ED. Till date, only two cases have been reported of Christ–Siemens–Touraine syndrome with palmoplantar keratoderma; here we report a similar case emphasizing this rare association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Kothiwala
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Jaipur National University, Institute For Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahesh Prajapat
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - C M Kuldeep
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Cui CY, Ishii R, Campbell DP, Michel M, Piao Y, Kume T, Schlessinger D. Foxc1 Ablated Mice Are Anhidrotic and Recapitulate Features of Human Miliaria Sweat Retention Disorder. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:38-45. [PMID: 27592801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sweat glands are critical for thermoregulation. The single tubular structure of sweat glands has a lower secretory portion and an upper reabsorptive duct leading to the secretory pore in the skin. Genes that determine sweat gland structure and function are largely unidentified. Here we report that a Fox family transcription factor, Foxc1, is obligate for appreciable sweat duct activity in mice. When Foxc1 was specifically ablated in skin, sweat glands appeared mature, but the mice were severely hypohidrotic. Morphologic analysis revealed that sweat ducts were blocked by hyperkeratotic or parakeratotic plugs. Consequently, lumens in ducts and secretory portions were dilated, and blisters and papules formed on the skin surface in the knockout mice. The phenotype was strikingly similar to the human sweat retention disorder miliaria. We further show that Foxc1 deficiency ectopically induces the expression of keratinocyte terminal differentiation markers in the duct luminal cells, which most likely contribute to keratotic plug formation. Among those differentiation markers, we show that Sprr2a transcription is directly repressed by overexpressed Foxc1 in keratinocytes. In summary, Foxc1 regulates sweat duct luminal cell differentiation, and mutant mice mimic miliaria and provide a possible animal model for its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Ryuga Ishii
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean P Campbell
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Michel
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mutational spectrum in 101 patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and breakpoint mapping in independent cases of rare genomic rearrangements. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:891-897. [PMID: 27305980 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), a rare and heterogeneous hereditary disorder, is characterized by deficient development of multiple ectodermal structures including hair, sweat glands and teeth. If caused by mutations in the genes EDA, EDA1R or EDARADD, phenotypes are often very similar as the result of a common signaling pathway. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting any gene product in this pathway may cause inter- and intrafamilial variability. In a cohort of 124 HED patients, genotyping was attempted by Sanger sequencing of EDA, EDA1R, EDARADD, TRAF6 and EDA2R and by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Pathogenic mutations were detected in 101 subjects with HED, affecting EDA, EDA1R and EDARADD in 88%, 9% and 3% of the cases, respectively, and including 23 novel mutations. MLPA revealed exon copy-number variations in five unrelated HED families (two deletions and three duplications). In four of them, the genomic breakpoints could be localized. The EDA1R variant rs3827760 (p.Val370Ala), known to lessen HED-related symptoms, was found only in a single individual of Asian origin, but in none of the 123 European patients. Another SNP, rs1385699 (p.Arg57Lys) in EDA2R, however, appeared to have some impact on the hair phenotype of European subjects with EDA mutations.
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45
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Clarke A. Anticipated stigma and blameless guilt: Mothers' evaluation of life with the sex-linked disorder, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XHED). Soc Sci Med 2016; 158:141-8. [PMID: 27140840 PMCID: PMC4884667 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Practical experience of a genetic disorder may influence how parents approach reproduction, if they know their child may be affected by an inherited condition. One important aspect of this practical experience is the stigmatisation which family members may experience or witness. We outline the concept of stigma and how it affects those in families with a condition that impacts upon physical appearance. We then consider the accounts given by females in families affected by the rare sex-linked disorder, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XHED), which principally affects males but can be passed through female carriers to affect their sons. The stigmatisation of affected males is as important in the accounts given by their womenfolk as the physical effects of the condition; this impacts on their talk about transmission of the disorder to the next generation. Perspectives may also change over time. The mothers of affected sons differ from their daughters, who do not yet have children, and from their mothers, who may express more strongly their sense of guilt at having transmitted the condition, despite there being no question of moral culpability. We conclude with suggestions about other contexts where the possibility of stigma may influence reproductive decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Clarke
- Medical Genetics, Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales UK.
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46
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LEI KE, WANG LUNCHANG, MA BING, SHI PING, LI LONGJIANG, CHE TUANJIE, HE XIANGYI. Effect of an EDA-A1 gene mutant on the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:535-539. [PMID: 26893642 PMCID: PMC4734069 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin (EDA) gene mutation is associated with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ectodysplasin, transcript variant 1 (EDA-A1) on the proliferation and cell cycle of ECV304 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors containing mutant (M) and wild-type (W) EDA-A1 coding sequences, pcDNA3.1 (-)-EDA-A1-M and pcDNA3.1 (-)-EDA-A1-W, respectively, were transfected into ECV304 cells. The EDA-A1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the protein was detected by western blotting. The EDA-A1 gene and protein were detected in ECV304 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (-)-EDA-A1-M and pcDNA3.1 (-)-EDA-A1-W, but not in ECV304 cells transfected with empty plasmid or cells that had not undergone transfection. Compared with the control group, the EDA-A1 gene mutant significantly decreased the proliferation of ECV304 cells and its inhibition rate was 45.70% (P<0.01), whereas the wild-type EDA-A1 gene did not cause such growth inhibition (P>0.05). A significant increase of the fraction of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle was observed in the ECV304 cells of the mutant group compared with wild type group, with an increase in the S phase population and a concomitant reduction in the G2/M phase population (P<0.05). These results indicate that compared with the wild-type gene, transfection with a mutant EDA-A1 gene inhibited the proliferation and cell cycle of cultured HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- KE LEI
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan 628000, P.R. China
| | - LUNCHANG WANG
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan 628000, P.R. China
| | - BING MA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan 628000, P.R. China
| | - PING SHI
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan 628000, P.R. China
| | - LONGJIANG LI
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - TUANJIE CHE
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - XIANGYI HE
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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47
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Torkamandi S, Gholami M, Mohammadi-asl J, Rezaie S, Zaimy MA, Omrani MD. A Novel Splicesite Mutation in the EDAR Gene Causes Severe Autosomal Recessive Hypohydrotic (Anhidrotic) Ectodermal Dysplasia in an Iranian Family. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2016; 5:260-263. [PMID: 28357203 PMCID: PMC5353988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare congenital disorder arising from deficient development of ectoderm-derived structures including skin, nails, glands and teeth. The phenotype of HED is associated with mutation in EDA, EDAR, EDARADD and NEMO genes, all of them disruptingNF-κB signaling cascade necessary for initiation, formation and differentiation in the embryo and adult. Here we describe a novel acceptor splice site mutation c.730-2 A>G(IVS 8-2 A>G) in EDAR gene in homozygous form in all affected members of a family,and in heterozygous form in carriers. Bioinformatics analysis showed that this mutation can create a new broken splicing site and lead to aberrant splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Torkamandi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Gholami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Mohammadi-asl
- Noor Genetics Laboratory, Ahvaz, Iran.,Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Somaye Rezaie
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Zaimy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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48
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Ahiskalioglu EO, Ahiskalioglu A, Firinci B, Dostbil A, Aksoy M. [Anesthetic management of a pediatric patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia undergoing emergency surgery]. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2015; 65:522-4. [PMID: 26655713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are rare conditions with a triad of hypotrichosis, anodontia and anhidrosis. In literature review there have been only a few reports of anesthetic management of patients with ectodermal dysplasias. Hyperthermia is a very serious risk which may occur due to the defect of sweat glands. The present case involves a 10-year-old child with ectodermal dysplasia who presented with an acute abdomen and was considered for an emergency surgery. Our aim was to demonstrate the successful management of this case using a combination of general and epidural anesthesia. It is important for anesthesiologist to have information about this syndrome in case of emergency operations, since it can prevent serious complications and even save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu
- Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Hospital Regional de Ensino e Pesquisa, Erzurum, Turquia.
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Escola de Medicina da Universidade Ataturk, Erzurum, Turquia
| | - Binali Firinci
- Departamento de Pediatria Cirurgia, Hospital Regional de Ensino e Pesquisa, Erzurum, Turquia
| | - Aysenur Dostbil
- Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Escola de Medicina da Universidade Ataturk, Erzurum, Turquia
| | - Mehmet Aksoy
- Departamento de Anestesiologia e Reanimação, Escola de Medicina da Universidade Ataturk, Erzurum, Turquia
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49
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Giardino G, Cirillo E, Gallo V, Esposito T, Fusco F, Conte MI, Quinti I, Ursini MV, Carsetti R, Pignata C. B cells from nuclear factor kB essential modulator deficient patients fail to differentiate to antibody secreting cells in response to TLR9 ligand. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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50
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Ahiskalioglu EO, Ahiskalioglu A, Firinci B, Dostbil A, Aksoy M. Anesthetic management of a pediatric patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia undergoing emergency surgery. Braz J Anesthesiol 2015; 65:522-4. [PMID: 26614152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are rare conditions with a triad of hypotrichosis, anodontia and anhidrosis. In literature review there have been only a few reports of anesthetic management of patients with ectodermal dysplasias. Hyperthermia is a very serious risk which may occur due to the defect of sweat glands. The present case involves a 10-year-old child with ectodermal dysplasia who presented with an acute abdomen and was considered for an emergency surgery. Our aim was to demonstrate the successful management of this case using a combination of general and epidural anesthesia. It is important for anesthesiologist to have information about this syndrome in case of emergency operations, since it can prevent serious complications and even save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Binali Firinci
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Dostbil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aksoy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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