1
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Zhang X, Bhattacharya A, Pu C, Dai Y, Liu J, Rao L, Tian C. A programmable CRISPR/dCas9-based epigenetic editing system enabling loci-targeted histone citrullination and precise transcription regulation. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00123-1. [PMID: 38849111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Histone citrullination, an important post-translational modification mediated by peptidyl arginine deiminases, is essential for many physiological processes and epigenetic regulation. However, the causal relationship between histone citrullination and specific gene regulation remains unresolved. In this study, we develop a programmable epigenetic editor by fusing the peptidyl arginine deiminase PPAD from Porphyromonas gingivalis with dCas9. With the assistance of gRNA, PPAD-dCas9 can recruit peptidyl arginine deiminases to specific genomic loci, enabling direct manipulation of the epigenetic landscape and regulation of gene expression. Our citrullination editor allows for site-specific manipulation of histone H3R2,8,17 and 26 at target human gene loci, resulting in the activation or suppression of different genes in a locus-specific manner. Moreover, the epigenetic effects of the citrullination editor are specific and sustained. This epigenetic editor offers an accurate and efficient tool for exploring gene regulation of histone citrullination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Abhisek Bhattacharya
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chunxiang Pu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yan Dai
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jia Liu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lang Rao
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
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2
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Kobayashi T, Bartold PM. Periodontitis and periodontopathic bacteria as risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis: A review of the last 10 years. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:263-272. [PMID: 37674898 PMCID: PMC10477376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammatory destruction of joint tissue and is caused by an abnormal autoimmune response triggered by interactions between genetics, environmental factors, and epigenetic and posttranslational modifications. RA has been suggested to be interrelated with periodontitis, a serious form or stage of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease associated with periodontopathic bacterial infections, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and epigenetic influences. Over the last decade, a number of animal and clinical studies have been conducted to assess whether or not periodontitis and associated periodontopathic bacteria constitute risk factors for RA. The present review introduces recent accumulating evidence to support the associations of periodontitis and periodontopathic bacteria with the risk of RA or the outcome of RA pharmacological treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. In addition, the results from intervention studies have suggested an improvement in RA clinical parameters after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Furthermore, the potential causal mechanisms underlying the link between periodontitis and periodontopathic bacteria and RA are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kobayashi
- General Dentistry and Clinical Education Unit, Faculty of Dentistry & Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Peter Mark Bartold
- Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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3
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Thomas MA, Kim SY, Curran AM, Smith B, Antiochos B, Na CH, Darrah E. An unbiased proteomic analysis of PAD4 in human monocytes: novel substrates, binding partners and subcellular localizations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220477. [PMID: 37778379 PMCID: PMC10542449 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PAD4) post-translationally converts arginine residues in proteins to citrullines and is implicated in playing a central role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Although PAD4 was historically thought to be a nuclear enzyme, recent evidence has revealed a more complex localization of PAD4 with evidence of additional cytosolic and cell surface localization and activity. However, the mechanisms by which PAD4, which lacks conventional secretory signal sequences, traffics to extranuclear localizations are unknown. In this study, we show that PAD4 was enriched in the organelle fraction of monocytes with evidence of citrullination of organelle proteins. We also demonstrated that PAD4 can bind to several cytosolic, nuclear and organelle proteins that may serve as binding partners for PAD4 to traffic intracellularly. Additionally, cell surface expression of PAD4 increased with monocyte differentiation into monocyte-derived dendritic cells and co-localized with several endocytic/autophagic and conventional secretory pathway markers, implicating the use of these pathways by PAD4 to traffic within the cell. Our results suggest that PAD4 is expressed in multiple subcellular localizations and may play previously unappreciated roles in physiological and pathological conditions. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekha A. Thomas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Ave, Suite 5200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Seok-Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ashley M. Curran
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Ave, Suite 5200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brendan Antiochos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Ave, Suite 5200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Ave, Suite 5200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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4
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Yoshida K, Ito H, Kurosaka D, Ikeda R, Noda K, Saito M, Kurosaka D. Autocitrullination confers monocyte chemotactic properties to peptidylarginine deiminase 4. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7528. [PMID: 37160933 PMCID: PMC10169855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) contributes to the production of citrullinated proteins as autoantigens for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PAD4 can also self-deiminate via autocitrullination. However, the role of this process in RA pathogenesis has not been elucidated. This study aimed to clarify PAD4 function before and after autocitrullination and identify citrullinated PAD4 in the synovial fluid of patients with RA. The autocitrullination of recombinant human PAD4 (rhPAD4) was catalyzed in vitro and determined using anti-modified citrulline immunoblotting. Monocyte chemotaxis was evaluated using Boyden chambers, and citrullinated rhPAD4's ability to induce arthritis was assessed in a C57BL/6J mouse model. Citrullinated PAD4 levels were measured in the synovial fluid of patients with RA and osteoarthritis using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chemotactic findings showed that citrullinated rhPAD4 recruited monocytes in vitro, whereas unmodified rhPAD4 did not. Compared to unmodified rhPAD4, citrullinated rhPAD4 induced greater inflammation in mouse joints through monocyte migration. More citrullinated PAD4 was found in the synovial fluid of patients with RA than in those with osteoarthritis. Citrullinated PAD4 was even detected in ACPA-negative patients with RA. The autocitrullination of PAD4 amplified inflammatory arthritis through monocyte recruitment, suggesting an ACPA-independent role of PAD4 in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yoshida
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Haruyasu Ito
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daisaburo Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ryo Ikeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kentaro Noda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daitaro Kurosaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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5
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Castillo DM, Lafaurie GI, Romero-Sánchez C, Delgadillo NA, Castillo Y, Bautista-Molano W, Pacheco-Tena C, Bello-Gualtero JM, Chalem-Choueka P, Castellanos JE. The Interaction Effect of Anti-RgpA and Anti-PPAD Antibody Titers: An Indicator for Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12083027. [PMID: 37109363 PMCID: PMC10144073 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12083027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis secretes virulence factors like Arg-gingipains and peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD), that are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. However, there is no information regarding the antibody titers for these bacterial enzymes as systemic indicators or biomarkers in RA. In this cross-sectional study, 255 individuals were evaluated: 143 were diagnosed with RA, and 112 were without RA. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, basal metabolic index, smoking, and periodontitis severity were used to evaluate the association of RA with rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, anti-RgpA, anti-PPAD, and double positive anti-RgpA/anti-PPAD. It was found that RF (odds ratio [OR] 10.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4-25), ACPAs (OR 13.7; 95% CI 5.1-35), and anti-RgpA/anti-PPAD double positivity (OR 6.63; 95% CI 1.61-27) were associated with RA diagnoses. Anti-RgpA was also associated with RA (OR 4.09; 95% CI 1.2-13.9). The combination of anti-RgpA/anti-PPAD showed a high specificity of 93.7% and 82.5% PPV in identifying individuals with RA. RgpA antibodies were associated with the periodontal inflammatory index in RA individuals (p < 0.05). The double positivity of the anti-RgpA/anti-PPAD antibodies enhanced the diagnosis of RA. Therefore, RgpA antibodies and anti-RgpA/anti-PPAD may be biomarkers for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marcela Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Consuelo Romero-Sánchez
- Cellular and Molecular Immunilogy Group (INMUBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
- Clinical Immunology Group, Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Clinical Immunology Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Andrea Delgadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Yormaris Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Wilson Bautista-Molano
- Cellular and Molecular Immunilogy Group (INMUBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Manuel Bello-Gualtero
- Clinical Immunology Group, Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Clinical Immunology Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Jaime E Castellanos
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
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6
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Chow YC, Yam HC, Gunasekaran B, Lai WY, Wo WY, Agarwal T, Ong YY, Cheong SL, Tan SA. Implications of Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase and gingipain R in human health and diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:987683. [PMID: 36250046 PMCID: PMC9559808 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.987683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogenic bacterium involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Citrullination has been reported as the underlying mechanism of the pathogenesis, which relies on the interplay between two virulence factors of the bacterium, namely gingipain R and the bacterial peptidyl arginine deiminase. Gingipain R cleaves host proteins to expose the C-terminal arginines for peptidyl arginine deiminase to citrullinate and generate citrullinated proteins. Apart from carrying out citrullination in the periodontium, the bacterium is found capable of citrullinating proteins present in the host synovial tissues, atherosclerotic plaques and neurons. Studies have suggested that both virulence factors are the key factors that trigger distal effects mediated by citrullination, leading to the development of some non-communicable diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, inhibition of these virulence factors not only can mitigate periodontitis, but also can provide new therapeutic solutions for systematic diseases involving bacterial citrullination. Herein, we described both these proteins in terms of their unique structural conformations and biological relevance to different human diseases. Moreover, investigations of inhibitory actions on the enzymes are also enumerated. New approaches for identifying inhibitors for peptidyl arginine deiminase through drug repurposing and virtual screening are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Chan Chow
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hok Chai Yam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Baskaran Gunasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weng Yeen Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weng Yue Wo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
| | - Yien Yien Ong
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Lee Cheong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Sheri-Ann Tan, ; Siew Lee Cheong,
| | - Sheri-Ann Tan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Sheri-Ann Tan, ; Siew Lee Cheong,
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7
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Krutyhołowa A, Strzelec K, Dziedzic A, Bereta GP, Łazarz-Bartyzel K, Potempa J, Gawron K. Host and bacterial factors linking periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980805. [PMID: 36091038 PMCID: PMC9453162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Observations from numerous clinical, epidemiological and serological studies link periodontitis with severity and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. The strong association is observed despite totally different aetiology of these two diseases, periodontitis being driven by dysbiotic microbial flora on the tooth surface below the gum line, while rheumatoid arthritis being the autoimmune disease powered by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). Here we discuss genetic and environmental risk factors underlying development of both diseases with special emphasis on bacteria implicated in pathogenicity of periodontitis. Individual periodontal pathogens and their virulence factors are argued as potentially contributing to putative causative link between periodontal infection and initiation of a chain of events leading to breakdown of immunotolerance and development of ACPAs. In this respect peptidylarginine deiminase, an enzyme unique among prokaryotes for Porphyromonas gingivalis, is elaborated as a potential mechanistic link between this major periodontal pathogen and initiation of rheumatoid arthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krutyhołowa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Strzelec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Dziedzic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz P. Bereta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Łazarz-Bartyzel
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Katarzyna Gawron, ; Jan Potempa,
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland,*Correspondence: Katarzyna Gawron, ; Jan Potempa,
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8
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Romão VC, Fonseca JE. Disease mechanisms in preclinical rheumatoid arthritis: A narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:689711. [PMID: 36059838 PMCID: PMC9437632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.689711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the concept of preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has become established. In fact, the discovery that disease mechanisms start years before the onset of clinical RA has been one of the major recent insights in the understanding of RA pathogenesis. In accordance with the complex nature of the disease, preclinical events extend over several sequential phases. In a genetically predisposed host, environmental factors will further increase susceptibility for incident RA. In the initial steps of preclinical disease, immune disturbance mechanisms take place outside the joint compartment, namely in mucosal surfaces, such as the lung, gums or gut. Herein, the persistent immunologic response to altered antigens will lead to breach of tolerance and trigger autoimmunity. In a second phase, the immune response matures and is amplified at a systemic level, with epitope spreading and widening of the autoantibody repertoire. Finally, the synovial and bone compartment are targeted by specific autoantibodies against modified antigens, initiating a local inflammatory response that will eventually culminate in clinically evident synovitis. In this review, we discuss the elaborate disease mechanisms in place during preclinical RA, providing a broad perspective in the light of current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco C. Romão
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre and European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ERN-ReCONNET), Lisbon, Portugal
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Li Y, Guo R, Oduro PK, Sun T, Chen H, Yi Y, Zeng W, Wang Q, Leng L, Yang L, Zhang J. The Relationship Between Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:956417. [PMID: 35923803 PMCID: PMC9340274 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.956417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematical autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic synovial joint inflammation and hurt. Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) can cause life-threatening inflammatory immune responses in humans when the host pathogenic clearance machinery is disordered. Some epidemiological studies have reported that P. gingivalis exposure would increase the prevalence of RA. However, the results remain inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was done to systematically analyze the relationship between P. gingivalis exposure and the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. Database including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE were searched for published epidemiological articles assessed the relationship between P. gingivalis and RA. Obtained studies were screened based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall Odds Ratios (ORs) of incorporated articles were pooled by random-effect model with STATA 15.1 software. The literature search returned a total of 2057 studies. After exclusion, 28 articles were included and analyzed. The pooled ORs showed a significant increase in the risk of RA in individuals with P. gingivalis exposure (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.43-2.43). Subgroup analysis revealed that pooled ORs from populations located in Europe (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.46-3.22) and North America (OR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.23-5.08) were significantly higher than that from population in Asia (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20). Substantial heterogeneity was observed but did not significantly influence the overall outcome. In conclusion, our results indicated P. gingivalis exposure was a risk factor in RA. Prompt diagnosis and management decisions on P. gingivalis antimicrobial therapy would prevent rheumatoid arthritis development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Research center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongke Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yating Yi
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Weiqian Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Leng, ; Long Yang, ; Jun Zhang,
| | - Long Yang
- Research center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Leng, ; Long Yang, ; Jun Zhang,
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Leng, ; Long Yang, ; Jun Zhang,
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10
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Koziel J, Potempa J. Pros and cons of causative association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:83-98. [PMID: 35262966 PMCID: PMC9935644 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Research in recent decades has brought significant advancements in understanding of the molecular basis of the etiology of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, a common systemic disease in which an inappropriate or inadequate immune response to environmental challenges leads to joint destruction. Recent studies have indicated that the classical viewpoint of the immunological processes underpinning the pathobiology of rheumatoid arthritis is restricted and needs to be expanded to include a more holistic and interdisciplinary approach incorporating bacteria-induced inflammatory reactions as an important pathway in rheumatoid arthritis etiology. Here, we discuss in detail data showing the clinical and molecular association of rheumatoid arthritis development with periodontal diseases. We also describe the unique role of periopathogens, which have been proposed to be crucial in the initiation and progression of this autoimmune pathological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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11
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Sherina N, de Vries C, Kharlamova N, Sippl N, Jiang X, Brynedal B, Kindstedt E, Hansson M, Mathsson-Alm L, Israelsson L, Stålesen R, Saevarsdottir S, Holmdahl R, Hensvold A, Johannsen G, Eriksson K, Sallusto F, Catrina AI, Rönnelid J, Grönwall C, Yucel-Lindberg T, Alfredsson L, Klareskog L, Piccoli L, Malmström V, Amara K, Lundberg K. Antibodies to a Citrullinated Porphyromonas gingivalis Epitope Are Increased in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Can Be Produced by Gingival Tissue B Cells: Implications for a Bacterial Origin in RA Etiology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:804822. [PMID: 35514991 PMCID: PMC9066602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the epidemiological link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the unique feature of the periodontal bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis to citrullinate proteins, it has been suggested that production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), which are present in a majority of RA patients, may be triggered in the gum mucosa. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the antibody response to a citrullinated P. gingivalis peptide in relation to the autoimmune ACPA response in early RA, and examined citrulline-reactivity in monoclonal antibodies derived from human gingival B cells. Antibodies to a citrullinated peptide derived from P. gingivalis (denoted CPP3) and human citrullinated peptides were analyzed by multiplex array in 2,807 RA patients and 372 controls; associations with RA risk factors and clinical features were examined. B cells from inflamed gingival tissue were single-cell sorted, and immunoglobulin (Ig) genes were amplified, sequenced, cloned and expressed (n=63) as recombinant monoclonal antibodies, and assayed for citrulline-reactivities by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, affinity-purified polyclonal anti-cyclic-citrullinated peptide (CCP2) IgG, and monoclonal antibodies derived from RA blood and synovial fluid B cells (n=175), were screened for CPP3-reactivity. Elevated anti-CPP3 antibody levels were detected in RA (11%), mainly CCP2+ RA, compared to controls (2%), p<0.0001, with a significant association to HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles, smoking and baseline pain, but with low correlation to autoimmune ACPA fine-specificities. Monoclonal antibodies derived from gingival B cells showed cross-reactivity between P. gingivalis CPP3 and human citrullinated peptides, and a CPP3+/CCP2+ clone, derived from an RA blood memory B cell, was identified. Our data support the possibility that immunity to P. gingivalis derived citrullinated antigens, triggered in the inflamed gum mucosa, may contribute to the presence of ACPA in RA patients, through mechanisms of molecular mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sherina
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte de Vries
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nastya Kharlamova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Sippl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boel Brynedal
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Kindstedt
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Monika Hansson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Mathsson-Alm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, ImmunoDiagnositic Division, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Israelsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnhild Stålesen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aase Hensvold
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johannsen
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Danakliniken Specialisttandvård, Praktikertjänst AB, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Kaja Eriksson
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita dell a Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Rönnelid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Grönwall
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita dell a Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khaled Amara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Trejo-Zambrano MI, Gómez-Bañuelos E, Andrade F. Redox-Mediated Carbamylation As a Hapten Model Applied to the Origin of Antibodies to Modified Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:389-409. [PMID: 33906423 PMCID: PMC8982126 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The production of antibodies to posttranslationally modified antigens is a hallmark in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In particular, the presence of citrullination-associated antibodies, targeting both citrullinating enzymes (the peptidylarginine deiminases [PADs]) and citrullinated antigens (anticitrullinated protein antibodies [ACPAs]), has suggested that dysregulated citrullination is relevant for disease pathogenesis. Antibodies to other protein modifications with physicochemical similarities to citrulline, such as carbamylated-lysine and acetylated-lysine, have also gained interest in RA, but their mechanistic relation to ACPAs remains unclear. Recent Advances: Recent studies using RA-derived monoclonal antibodies have found that ACPAs are cross-reactive to carbamylated and acetylated peptides, challenging our understanding of the implications of such cross-reactivity. Critical Issues: Analogous to the classic antibody response to chemically modified proteins, we examine the possibility that antibodies to modified proteins in RA are more likely to resemble antihapten antibodies rather than autoantibodies. This potential shift in the autoantibody paradigm in RA offers the opportunity to explore new mechanisms involved in the origin and cross-reactivity of pathogenic antibodies in RA. In contrast to citrullination, carbamylation is a chemical modification associated with oxidative stress, it is highly immunogenic, and is considered in the group of posttranslational modification-derived products. We discuss the possibility that carbamylated proteins are antigenic drivers of cross-reacting antihapten antibodies that further create the ACPA response, and that ACPAs may direct the production of antibodies to PAD enzymes. Future Directions: Understanding the complexity of autoantibodies in RA is critical to develop tools to clearly define their origin, identify drivers of disease propagation, and develop novel therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 389-409.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Ma Q, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Yu S, Huang J, Liu Y, Gong T, Li Y, Zou J. Post-translational Modifications in Oral Bacteria and Their Functional Impact. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:784923. [PMID: 34925293 PMCID: PMC8674579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria colonize the oral cavity, surrounding complex and variable environments. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are an efficient biochemical mechanism across all domains of life. Oral bacteria could depend on PTMs to quickly regulate their metabolic processes in the face of external stimuli. In recent years, thanks to advances in enrichment strategies, the number and variety of PTMs that have been identified and characterized in oral bacteria have increased. PTMs, covalently modified by diverse enzymes, occur in amino acid residues of the target substrate, altering the functions of proteins involved in different biological processes. For example, Ptk1 reciprocally phosphorylates Php1 on tyrosine residues 159 and 161, required for Porphyromonas gingivalis EPS production and community development with the antecedent oral biofilm constituent Streptococcus gordonii, and in turn Php1 dephosphorylates Ptk1 and rapidly causes the conversion of Ptk1 to a state of low tyrosine phosphorylation. Protein acetylation is also widespread in oral bacteria. In the acetylome of Streptococcus mutans, 973 acetylation sites were identified in 445 proteins, accounting for 22.7% of overall proteins involving virulence factors and pathogenic processes. Other PTMs in oral bacteria include serine or threonine glycosylation in Cnm involving intracerebral hemorrhage, arginine citrullination in peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), leading to inflammation, lysine succinylation in P. gingivalis virulence factors (gingipains, fimbriae, RagB, and PorR), and cysteine glutathionylation in thioredoxin-like protein (Tlp) in response to oxidative stress in S. mutans. Here we review oral bacterial PTMs, focusing on acetylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, citrullination, succinylation, and glutathionylation, and corresponding modifying enzymes. We describe different PTMs in association with some examples, discussing their potential role and function in oral bacteria physiological processes and regulatory networks. Identification and characterization of PTMs not only contribute to understanding their role in oral bacterial virulence, adaption, and resistance but will open new avenues to treat oral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Nowakowska Z, Madej M, Grad S, Wang T, Hackett M, Miller DP, Lamont RJ, Potempa J. Phosphorylation of major Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors is crucial for their processing and secretion. Mol Oral Microbiol 2021; 36:316-326. [PMID: 34569151 PMCID: PMC10148667 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main etiological agent of periodontitis is the anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Virulence of this pathogen is controlled by various mechanisms and executed by major virulence factors including the gingipain proteases, peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), and RagB, an outer membrane macromolecular transport component. Although the structures and functions of these proteins are well characterized, little is known about their posttranslational maturation. Here, we determined the phosphoproteome of P. gingivalis in which phosphorylated tyrosine residues constitute over 80% of all phosphoresidues. Multiple phosphotyrosines were found in gingipains, PPAD, and RagB. Although mutation of phosphorylated residues in PPAD and RagB had no effect on secretion or activity, site-directed mutagenesis showed that phosphorylation in hemagglutinin/adhesin domains of RgpA and Kgp, and in the catalytic domain of RgpB, had a strong influence on secretion, processing, and enzymatic activity. Moreover, preventing phosphorylation of one gingipain influenced the others, suggesting multiple phosphorylation-dependent pathways of gingipain maturation in P. gingivalis. Various candidate kinases including Ptk1 BY kinase and ubiquitous bacterial kinase 1 (UbK1) may be involved, but their contribution to gingipain processing and activation remains to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Nowakowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Grad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tiansong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Murray Hackett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel P. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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15
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Impact of Posttranslational Modification in Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focusing on Citrullination, Carbamylation, and Acetylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910576. [PMID: 34638916 PMCID: PMC8508717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by prolonged periodic interactions between genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as citrullination, carbamylation, and acetylation are correlated with the pathogenesis of RA. PTM and cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, NETosis, leukotoxic hypercitrullination (LTH), and necrosis are related to each other and induce autoantigenicity. Certain microbial infections, such as those caused by Porphyromonasgingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella copri, can induce autoantigens in RA. Anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA) containing anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs), anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies, and anti-acetylated protein antibodies (AAPAs) play a role in pathogenesis as well as in prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. Interestingly, smoking is correlated with both PTMs and AMPAs in the development of RA. However, there is lack of evidence that smoking induces the generation of AMPAs.
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16
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González-Febles J, Sanz M. Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: What have we learned about their connection and their treatment? Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:181-203. [PMID: 34463976 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases defined respectively by the destruction of the articular cartilage and tooth-supporting periodontal tissues. Although the epidemiologic evidence for an association between these two diseases is still scarce, there is emerging scientific information linking specific bacterial periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in the citrullination process, leading to autoantibody formation and compromised immunotolerance of the susceptible patient to rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we update the existing information on the evidence, not only regarding the epidemiologic association, but also the biologic mechanisms linking these two diseases. Finally, we review information emerging from intervention studies evaluating whether periodontal treatment could influence the initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerián González-Febles
- Departament of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on the Aetiology and Treatment of Periodontal and Periimplant Diseases (ETEP), Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Departament of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on the Aetiology and Treatment of Periodontal and Periimplant Diseases (ETEP), Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Poulsen TBG, Damgaard D, Jørgensen MM, Senolt L, Blackburn JM, Nielsen CH, Stensballe A. Identification of potential autoantigens in anti-CCP-positive and anti-CCP-negative rheumatoid arthritis using citrulline-specific protein arrays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17300. [PMID: 34453079 PMCID: PMC8397748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence or absence of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) distinguishes two main groups of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with different etiologies, prognoses, disease severities, and, presumably, disease pathogenesis. The heterogeneous responses of RA patients to various biologics, even among ACPA-positive patients, emphasize the need for further stratification of the patients. We used high-density protein array technology for fingerprinting of ACPA reactivity. Identification of the proteome recognized by ACPAs may be a step to stratify RA patients according to immune reactivity. Pooled plasma samples from 10 anti-CCP-negative and 15 anti-CCP-positive RA patients were assessed for ACPA content using a modified protein microarray containing 1631 different natively folded proteins citrullinated in situ by protein arginine deiminases (PADs) 2 and PAD4. IgG antibodies from anti-CCP-positive RA plasma showed high-intensity binding to 87 proteins citrullinated by PAD2 and 99 proteins citrullinated by PAD4 without binding significantly to the corresponding native proteins. Curiously, the binding of IgG antibodies in anti-CCP-negative plasma was also enhanced by PAD2- and PAD4-mediated citrullination of 29 and 26 proteins, respectively. For only four proteins, significantly more ACPA binding occurred after citrullination with PAD2 compared to citrullination with PAD4, while the opposite was true for one protein. We demonstrate that PAD2 and PAD4 are equally efficient in generating citrullinated autoantigens recognized by ACPAs. Patterns of proteins recognized by ACPAs may serve as a future diagnostic tool for further subtyping of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B G Poulsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.,Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene M Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ladislav Senolt
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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18
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Oral Microbiota Identifies Patients in Early Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081657. [PMID: 34442739 PMCID: PMC8400434 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease, and single periodontitis-associated bacteria have been suggested in disease manifestation. Here, the oral microbiota was characterized in relation to the early onset of RA (eRA) taking periodontal status into consideration. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of saliva bacterial DNA from 61 eRA patients without disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and 59 matched controls was performed. Taxonomic classification at 98.5% was conducted against the Human Oral Microbiome Database, microbiota functions were predicted using PICRUSt, and periodontal status linked from the Swedish quality register for clinically assessed caries and periodontitis. The participants were classified into three distinct microbiota-based cluster groups with cluster allocation differences by eRA status. Independently of periodontal status, eRA patients had enriched levels of Prevotella pleuritidis, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Filifactor alocis species and in the Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium genera and functions linked to ornithine metabolism, glucosylceramidase, beta-lactamase resistance, biphenyl degradation, fatty acid metabolism and 17-beta-estradiol-17-dehydrogenase metabolism. The results support a deviating oral microbiota composition already in eRA patients compared with healthy controls and highlight a panel of oral bacteria that may be useful in eRA risk assessment in both periodontally healthy and diseased persons.
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19
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Liu Y, Huang W, Wang J, Ma J, Zhang M, Lu X, Liu J, Kou Y. Multifaceted Impacts of Periodontal Pathogens in Disorders of the Intestinal Barrier. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693479. [PMID: 34386004 PMCID: PMC8353228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease, a common inflammatory disease, is considered a hazardous factor that contributes to the development of diseases of the digestive system as well as other systems. The bridge between periodontitis and systemic diseases is believed to be periodontal pathogens. The intestine, as part of the lower gastrointestinal tract, has a close connection with the oral cavity. Within the intestine, the intestinal barrier acts as a multifunctional system including microbial, mucous, physical and immune barrier. The intestinal barrier forms the body's first line of defense against external pathogens; its breakdown can lead to pathological changes in the gut and other organs or systems. Reports in the literature have described how oral periodontal pathogens and pathobiont-reactive immune cells can transmigrate to the intestinal mucosa, causing the destruction of intestinal barrier homeostasis. Such findings might lead to novel ideas for investigating the relationship between periodontal disease and other systemic diseases. This review summarizes studies on the effects of periodontal pathogens on the intestinal barrier, which might contribute to understanding the link between periodontitis and gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingman Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- School of Stomatology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yurong Kou
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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20
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Prieto D, González C, Weber L, Realini O, Pino-Lagos K, Bendek MJ, Retamal I, Beltrán V, Riedemann JP, Espinoza F, Chaparro A. Soluble neuropilin-1 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with rheumatoid arthritis: An exploratory case-control study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:303-307. [PMID: 33747759 PMCID: PMC7970360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the soluble Neuropilin-1 (sNRP-1) concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the periodontal clinical status of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an exploratory study with 40 study participants, 20 with RA, and 20 healthy controls. Clinical and periodontal data were recorded, and GCF samples were obtained. sNRP-1 levels in GCF were determined by ELISA assay. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Unpaired t-test, logistic regression model, and Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) were made to explore the diagnostic performance accuracy. RESULTS RA patients had significantly higher levels of sNRP-1 in GCF (p = 0.0447). The median levels of GCF-sNRP-1 were 208.85 pg/μl (IQR 131.03) in the RA group compared to 81.46 pg/μl (IQR 163.73) in the control group. We observed an association between the GCF-sNRP-1 concentrations and the RA diagnosis (OR:1.009; CI 1.00-1.001; p = 0.047). The diagnosis of chronic periodontitis was also associated with RA (OR: 6.9; CI 1.52-31.37; p = 0.012). Moreover, the AUC-ROC of GCF-sNRP-1 concentrations combined with periodontal clinical parameters such as periodontal probing depth and periodontal inflamed surface area was 0.80. CONCLUSION This exploratory case-control study shows that RA patients had significantly higher levels of sNRP-1 in GCF. New longitudinal studies are necessary to evaluate the role of NRP-1 in periodontal tissues and consider it an oral biomarker with clinical value in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Prieto
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical and Innovation Research, Laboratory of Periodontal Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila González
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical and Innovation Research, Laboratory of Periodontal Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Weber
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical and Innovation Research, Laboratory of Periodontal Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ornella Realini
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical and Innovation Research, Laboratory of Periodontal Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria José Bendek
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical and Innovation Research, Laboratory of Periodontal Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Retamal
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical and Innovation Research, Laboratory of Periodontal Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Beltrán
- Centre of Investigation and Innovation in Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Riedemann
- Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francisco Espinoza
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Chaparro
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical and Innovation Research, Laboratory of Periodontal Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Kolarz B, Ciesla M, Rosenthal AK, Dryglewska M, Majdan M. The value of anti-CarP and anti-PAD4 as markers of rheumatoid arthritis in ACPA/RF negative rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X21989868. [PMID: 33628335 PMCID: PMC7882754 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x21989868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are key factors in the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism rheumatoid arthritis (RA) classification criteria markers. However, about 30% of patients diagnosed with RA are seronegative, rationalizing the need for new serologic markers for RA. Antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP) and against peptidyl-arginine deiminase type 4 (anti-PAD4) have been postulated to be useful RA markers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of anti-CarP and anti-PAD4 in a well-characterized population of RA patients and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: A total of 122 RA patients and 30 HCs were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of ACPA, anti-PAD4, anti-CarP and RF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassays (ELISAs). Synthetic carbamylated peptides were used in the ELISA assay to determine the protein targets of the anti-CarP antibodies. Results: Rates of ACPA, RF, anti-PAD4 and anti-CarP positivity were 85.2%, 67.2%, 55.7% and 46.7% in RA, and 0%, 0%, 6.7% and 6.7% in HC respectively. In the RA population, 25.4% of patients had all four types of antibodies positive, while 6.6% had no antibodies. There was a significant correlation between anti-PAD4 and ACPAs (rs = 0.39), RF and ACPAs, (rs = 0.3) and RF and anti-CarP, (rs = 0.3). There was no correlation between ACPAs and anti-CarP. Anti-CarP positivity was noted in 49 (47.1%) and 45 (54.9%) of ACPAs and RF positive patients respectively. In addition, five anti-CarP+ patients did not have ACPA nor RF. Conclusion: Anti-CarP but not anti-PAD4 may be a useful biomarker in identifying ACPA/RF negative RA patients. This antibody may identify an additional RA population who may benefit from early implementation of aggressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Ciesla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ann K. Rosenthal
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Magdalena Dryglewska
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland
| | - Maria Majdan
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland
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22
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Jenning M, Marklein B, Ytterberg J, Zubarev RA, Joshua V, van Schaardenburg D, van de Stadt L, Catrina AI, Nonhoff U, Häupl T, Konthur Z, Burmester GR, Skriner K. Bacterial citrullinated epitopes generated by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection-a missing link for ACPA production. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1194-1202. [PMID: 32532752 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) is discussed to be involved in triggering self-reactive immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the autocitrullinated prokaryotic peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) from P.g. CH2007 (RACH2007-PPAD) from a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient and a synthetic citrullinated PPAD peptide (CPP) containing the main autocitrullination site as potential targets for antibody reactivity in RA and to analyse the possibility of citrullinating native human proteins by PPAD in the context of RA. METHODS Recombinant RACH2007-PPAD was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified RACH2007-PPAD and its enzymatic activity was analysed using two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, immunoblot and ELISA. Autoantibody response to different modified proteins and peptides was recorded and bioinformatically evaluated. RESULTS RACH2007-PPAD was capable to citrullinate major RA autoantigens, such as fibrinogen, vimentin, hnRNP-A2/B1, histone H1 and multiple peptides, which identify a common RG/RGG consensus motif. 33% of RA patients (n=30) revealed increased reactivity for α-cit-RACH2007-PPAD before RA onset. 77% of RA patients (n=99) presented α-cit-specific signals to CPP amino acids 57-71 which were positively correlated to α-CCP2 antibody levels. Interestingly, 48% of the α-CPP-positives were rheumatoidfactor IgM/anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPA)-negative. Anti-CPP and α-RACH2007-PPAD antibody levels increase with age. Protein macroarrays that were citrullinated by RACH2007-PPAD and screened with RA patient sera (n=6) and controls (n=4) uncovered 16 RACH2007-PPAD citrullinated RA autoantigens and 9 autoantigens associated with lung diseases. We showed that the α-CPP response could be an important determinant in parenchymal changes in the lung at the time of RA diagnosis (n=106; p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS RACH2007-PPAD induced internal citrullination of major RA autoantigens. Anti-RACH2007-PPAD correlates with ACPA levels and interstitial lung disease autoantigen reactivity, supporting an infection-based concept for induction of ACPAs via enzymatic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Jenning
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianka Marklein
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmy Ytterberg
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chemistry I Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vijay Joshua
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltán Konthur
- Engine GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Skriner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Bartold PM, Lopez‐Oliva I. Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: An update 2012‐2017. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:189-212. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mark Bartold
- Department of Dentistry University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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24
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Muñoz-Atienza E, Flak MB, Sirr J, Paramonov NA, Aduse-Opoku J, Pitzalis C, Curtis MA. The P. gingivalis Autocitrullinome Is Not a Target for ACPA in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Dent Res 2020; 99:456-462. [PMID: 31905316 PMCID: PMC7088229 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519898144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease affecting primarily the joints, is frequently characterized by the presence of autoimmune anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) during preclinical stages of disease and accumulation of hypercitrullinated proteins in arthritic joints. A strong association has been reported between RA and periodontal disease, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a known driver of periodontitis, has been proposed as the microbial link underlying this association. We recently demonstrated P. gingivalis-mediated gut barrier breakdown and exacerbation of joint inflammation during inflammatory arthritis. In the present study, we investigated another potential role for P. gingivalis in RA etiopathogenesis, based on the generation of ACPA through the activity of a unique P. gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) produced by this bacterium, which is capable of protein citrullination. Using a novel P. gingivalis W50 PPAD mutant strain, incapable of protein citrullination, and serum from disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naïve early arthritis patients, we assessed whether autocitrullinated proteins in the P. gingivalis proteome serve as cross-activation targets in the initiation of ACPA production. We found no evidence for patient antibody activity specific to autocitrullinated P. gingivalis proteins. Moreover, deletion of PPAD did not prevent P. gingivalis-mediated intestinal barrier breakdown and exacerbation of disease during inflammatory arthritis in a murine model. Together, these findings suggest that the enzymatic activity of PPAD is not a major virulence mechanism during early stages of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muñoz-Atienza
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
| | - M B Flak
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
| | - J Sirr
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
| | - N A Paramonov
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Aduse-Opoku
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
| | - M A Curtis
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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25
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Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a severe, chronic autoimmune disease that affects 1% of the world's population. Familial risk contributes 50% of the risk of seropositive RA, with strongest risks seen in first-degree relatives. Smoking increases the risk of developing anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)+ RA, particularly in individuals with high-risk RA-susceptibility alleles. Other contributory environmental risks including particulate exposure, periodontal disease, bronchiectasis, diet, obesity and the oral contraceptive impact respiratory, oral, intestinal and genital tract mucosal sites. Furthermore, the first signs of autoimmunity may appear at mucosal sites e.g. sputum ACPA-IgA and IgG. While oral and faecal dysbiosis are well described, there is no consistent single bacterial species that appears to drive RA. Animal and human data suggest a model in which multiple environmental influences impact mucosal immune function through the host genetics through enhanced mucosal permeability and the traffic of pro-inflammatory PAMPs and the amplification of autoimmune responses. In some cases, autoimmunity may be driven by cross-reactivity, or mimicry, to pathogen-specific antigens, particularly where the host immune system fails to support their rapid control and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bergot
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Rabina Giri
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia.
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26
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Simpson BW, Trent MS. Pushing the envelope: LPS modifications and their consequences. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 17:403-416. [PMID: 31142822 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The defining feature of the Gram-negative cell envelope is the presence of two cellular membranes, with the specialized glycolipid lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exclusively found on the surface of the outer membrane. The surface layer of LPS contributes to the stringent permeability properties of the outer membrane, which is particularly resistant to permeation of many toxic compounds, including antibiotics. As a common surface antigen, LPS is recognized by host immune cells, which mount defences to clear pathogenic bacteria. To alter properties of the outer membrane or evade the host immune response, Gram-negative bacteria chemically modify LPS in a wide variety of ways. Here, we review key features and physiological consequences of LPS biogenesis and modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent W Simpson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M Stephen Trent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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27
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Willis JR, Gabaldón T. The Human Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease: From Sequences to Ecosystems. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020308. [PMID: 32102216 PMCID: PMC7074908 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract: The human oral cavity is home to an abundant and diverse microbial community (i.e., the oral microbiome), whose composition and roles in health and disease have been the focus of intense research in recent years. Thanks to developments in sequencing-based approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA metabarcoding, whole metagenome shotgun sequencing, or meta-transcriptomics, we now can efficiently explore the diversity and roles of oral microbes, even if unculturable. Recent sequencing-based studies have charted oral ecosystems and how they change due to lifestyle or disease conditions. As studies progress, there is increasing evidence of an important role of the oral microbiome in diverse health conditions, which are not limited to diseases of the oral cavity. This, in turn, opens new avenues for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics that benefit from the easy accessibility of the oral cavity for microbiome monitoring and manipulation. Yet, many challenges remain ahead. In this review, we survey the main sequencing-based methodologies that are currently used to explore the oral microbiome and highlight major findings enabled by these approaches. Finally, we discuss future prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Willis
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BCS-CNS), Jordi Girona, 29., 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BCS-CNS), Jordi Girona, 29., 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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28
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Abstract
Microbial contributions to the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have been studied since the advent of germ theory in the 19th century. With the exception of Group A Streptococcus in rheumatic fever, early studies failed to establish causal relationships between specific pathobionts and rheumatic disease. Today, systemic autoimmune diseases are thought to result from a complex interplay of environmental factors, individual genetic risk, and stochastic events. Interactions of microbiota and the immune system have been shown to promote and sustain chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. In mechanistic studies, microbe-immune cell interactions have been implicated in the initiation of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, e.g., through the posttranslational modification of autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis or through neutrophil cell death and cross-reactivity with commensal orthologs in systemic lupus erythematosus. In parallel, modern molecular techniques have catalyzed the study of the microbiome in systemic autoimmune diseases. Here, I review current insights gained into the skin, oral, gut, lung, and vascular microbiome in connective tissue diseases and vasculitis. Mechanism relevant to the development and propagation of autoimmunity will be discussed whenever explored. While studies on autoimmune rheumatic disease have almost invariably shown abnormal microbiome structure (dysbiosis), substantial variability in microbial composition between studies makes generalization difficult. Moreover, an etiopathogenic role of specific pathobionts cannot be inferred by association alone. Integrating descriptive studies of microbial communities with hypothesis-driven research informed by immunopathogenesis will be important in elucidating targetable mechanisms in preclinical and established rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian F Konig
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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29
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Tong Y, Zheng L, Qing P, Zhao H, Li Y, Su L, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Luo Y, Liu Y. Oral Microbiota Perturbations Are Linked to High Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:475. [PMID: 32039051 PMCID: PMC6987375 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microbial dysbiosis is known to increase susceptibility of an individual to develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Individuals at-risk of RA may undergo different phases of disease progression. In this study, we aim to investigate whether and whereby the oral microbiome communities alter prior to symptoms of RA. Seventy-nine saliva samples were collected from 29 high-risk individuals, who were positive for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and have no clinical arthritis, 27 RA patients and 23 healthy controls (HCs). The salivary microbiome was examined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analysis and the linear discriminant analysis were applied to examine the bacterial diversity, community structure and discriminatory taxa between three groups, respectively. The correlation between salivary bacteria and autoantibodies were analyzed. In the “pre-clinical” stages, salivary microbial diversity was significantly reduced comparing to RA patients and HCs. In contrast to HCs, like RA patients, individuals at high-risk for RA showed a reduction in the abundance of genus Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011 and the species Neisseria oralis, but an expansion of Prevotella_6. Unexpectedly, the relative abundance of Porphyromonas gingivalis, reported as opportunistic pathogens for RA development, was significantly decreased in high-risk individuals. Additionally, we identified four genera in the saliva from high-risk individuals positively correlated with serum ACPA titers, and the other two genera inversely displayed. In summary, we observed a characteristic compositional change of salivary microbes in individuals at high-risk for RA, suggesting that oral microbiota dysbiosis occurs in the “pre-clinical” stage of RA and are correlated with systemic autoimmune features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Tong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingying Qing
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linchong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Enshi, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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30
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Gingimaps: Protein Localization in the Oral Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 84:84/1/e00032-19. [PMID: 31896547 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00032-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral pathogen involved in the widespread disease periodontitis. In recent years, however, this bacterium has been implicated in the etiology of another common disorder, the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis were known to correlate for decades, but only recently a possible molecular connection underlying this association has been unveiled. P. gingivalis possesses an enzyme that citrullinates certain host proteins and, potentially, elicits autoimmune antibodies against such citrullinated proteins. These autoantibodies are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis and have been purported both as a symptom and a potential cause of the disease. The citrullinating enzyme and other major virulence factors of P. gingivalis, including some that were implicated in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis, are targeted to the host tissue as secreted or outer-membrane-bound proteins. These targeting events play pivotal roles in the interactions between the pathogen and its human host. Accordingly, the overall protein sorting and secretion events in P. gingivalis are of prime relevance for understanding its full disease-causing potential and for developing preventive and therapeutic approaches. The aim of this review is therefore to offer a comprehensive overview of the subcellular and extracellular localization of all proteins in three reference strains and four clinical isolates of P. gingivalis, as well as the mechanisms employed to reach these destinations.
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31
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Volkov M, van Schie KA, van der Woude D. Autoantibodies and B Cells: The ABC of rheumatoid arthritis pathophysiology. Immunol Rev 2019; 294:148-163. [PMID: 31845355 PMCID: PMC7065213 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation. In the last few decades, new insights into RA‐specific autoantibodies and B cells have greatly expanded our understanding of the disease. The best‐known autoantibodies in RA—rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)—are present long before disease onset, and both responses show signs of maturation around the time of the first manifestation of arthritis. A very intriguing characteristic of ACPA is their remarkably high abundance of variable domain glycans. Since these glycans may convey an important selection advantage of citrulline‐reactive B cells, they may be the key to understanding the evolution of the autoimmune response. Recently discovered autoantibodies targeting other posttranslational modifications, such as anti‐carbamylated and anti‐acetylated protein antibodies, appear to be closely related to ACPA, which makes it possible to unite them under the term of anti‐modified protein antibodies (AMPA). Despite the many insights gained about these autoantibodies, it is unclear whether they are pathogenic or play a causal role in disease development. Autoreactive B cells from which the autoantibodies originate have also received attention as perhaps more likely disease culprits. The development of autoreactive B cells in RA largely depends on the interaction with T cells in which HLA “shared epitope” and HLA DERAA may play an important role. Recent technological advances made it possible to identify and characterize citrulline‐reactive B cells and acquire ACPA monoclonal antibodies, which are providing valuable insights and help to understand the nature of the autoimmune response underlying RA. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the role of autoantibodies and autoreactive B cells in RA and we discuss the most prominent hypotheses aiming to explain the origins and the evolution of autoimmunity in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Volkov
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Anna van Schie
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diane van der Woude
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Rantapää Dahlqvist S, Andrade F. Individuals at risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: the evolving story. J Intern Med 2019; 286:627-643. [PMID: 31562671 PMCID: PMC6878216 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that initiate many years before the onset of clinical symptoms. These interactions likely include both protective and susceptibility factors which together determine the risk of developing RA. More than 100 susceptibility loci have been linked to RA. The strongest association is with HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding antigen presenting molecules containing a unique sequence in the peptide-binding grove called the 'shared epitope'. Female sex, infections during childhood, lifestyle habits (e.g. smoking and diet) and distinct microbial agents, amongst many others, are interacting risk factors thought to contribute to RA pathogenesis by dysregulating the immune system in individuals with genetic susceptibility. Interestingly, patients with RA develop autoantibodies many years before the clinical onset of disease, providing strong evidence that the lack of tolerance to arthritogenic antigens is amongst the earliest events in the initiation of seropositive RA. Here, we will discuss the clinical and mechanistic evidence surrounding the role of different environmental and genetic factors in the phases leading to the production of autoantibodies and the initiation of symptomatic RA. Understanding this complexity is critical in order to develop tools to identify drivers of disease initiation and propagation and to develop preventive therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rantapää Dahlqvist
- Institution of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - F Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gómez-Bañuelos E, Mukherjee A, Darrah E, Andrade F. Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091309. [PMID: 31454946 PMCID: PMC6780899 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by immune-mediated damage of synovial joints and antibodies to citrullinated antigens. Periodontal disease, a bacterial-induced inflammatory disease of the periodontium, is commonly observed in RA and has implicated periodontal pathogens as potential triggers of the disease. In particular, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans have gained interest as microbial candidates involved in RA pathogenesis by inducing the production of citrullinated antigens. Here, we will discuss the clinical and mechanistic evidence surrounding the role of these periodontal bacteria in RA pathogenesis, which highlights a key area for the treatment and preventive interventions in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amarshi Mukherjee
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Flak MB, Colas RA, Muñoz-Atienza E, Curtis MA, Dalli J, Pitzalis C. Inflammatory arthritis disrupts gut resolution mechanisms, promoting barrier breakdown by Porphyromonas gingivalis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125191. [PMID: 31292292 PMCID: PMC6629160 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is linked with altered host immune responses and severe joint destruction. Recent evidence suggests that loss of gut homeostasis and barrier breach by pathobionts, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, may influence disease severity. The mechanism(s) leading to altered gut homeostasis and barrier breakdown in inflammatory arthritis are poorly understood. In the present study, we found a significant reduction in intestinal concentrations of several proresolving mediators during inflammatory arthritis, including downregulation of the gut-protective mediator resolvin D5n-3 DPA (RvD5n-3 DPA). This was linked with increased metabolism of RvD5n-3 DPA to its inactive 17-oxo metabolite. We also found downregulation of IL-10 expression in the gut of arthritic mice that was coupled with a reduction in IL-10 and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) in lamina propria macrophages. These changes were linked with a decrease in the number of mucus-producing goblet cells and tight junction molecule expression in the intestinal epithelium of arthritic mice when compared with naive mice. P. gingivalis inoculation further downregulated intestinal RvD5n-3 DPA and Il-10 levels and the expression of gut tight junction proteins. RvD5n-3 DPA, but not its metabolite 17-oxo-RvD5n-3 DPA, increased the expression of both IL-10 and IL-10R in macrophages via the upregulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist l-kynurenine. Administration of RvD5n-3 DPA to arthritic P. gingivalis-inoculated mice increased intestinal Il-10 expression, restored gut barrier function, and reduced joint inflammation. Together, these findings uncover mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, where disruption of the gut RvD5n-3 DPA-IL-10 axis weakens the gut barrier, which becomes permissive to the pathogenic actions of the pathobiont P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena B. Flak
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Romain A. Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
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Dehner C, Fine R, Kriegel MA. The microbiome in systemic autoimmune disease: mechanistic insights from recent studies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2019; 31:201-207. [PMID: 30624285 PMCID: PMC6408954 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The resident bacterial communities and the host immune system have coevolved for millennia. However, recent changes in modern societies have disrupted this coevolutionary homeostasis and contributed to a rise in immune-mediated conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recently elucidated mechanisms of how certain taxa within the bacterial microbiome propagate autoimmunity. RECENT FINDINGS Interactions between the bacterial microbiome with innate and adaptive immune cells propagate autoreactivity, chronic inflammation, and tissue damage in susceptible hosts. These interactions contribute to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, which are the focus of this review. Recent findings suggest that autoimmune manifestations in genetically susceptible individuals can arise through cross-reactivity with commensal orthologs of autoantigens or commensal-mediated posttranslational modification of autoantigens. Physiologic responses to gut, oral, or skin commensal bacteria can thus be misdirected toward such autoantigens in susceptible hosts. In addition, recent studies highlight that a breach of the gut barrier and translocation of commensal bacteria to non-gut organs can trigger several autoimmune pathways that can be prevented by commensal vaccination or dietary interventions. SUMMARY Complex host-microbiota interactions contribute to systemic autoimmunity outside the gut. On a molecular level, posttranslational modification of, and cross-reactivity with, autoantigens represent mechanisms of how the microbiota mediates autoimmunity. On a cellular level, translocation of live gut bacteria across a dysfunctional gut barrier allows for direct interactions with immune and tissue cells, instigating autoimmunity systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Dehner
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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du Teil Espina M, Gabarrini G, Harmsen HJM, Westra J, van Winkelhoff AJ, van Dijl JM. Talk to your gut: the oral-gut microbiome axis and its immunomodulatory role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:1-18. [PMID: 30219863 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting the human body, collectively called the microbiome, are critical modulators of immunity. This notion is underpinned by associations between changes in the microbiome and particular autoimmune disorders. Specifically, in rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most frequently occurring autoimmune disorders worldwide, changes in the oral and gut microbiomes have been implicated in the loss of tolerance against self-antigens and in increased inflammatory events promoting the damage of joints. In the present review, we highlight recently gained insights in the roles of microbes in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we address important immunomodulatory processes, including biofilm formation and neutrophil function, which have been implicated in host-microbe interactions relevant for rheumatoid arthritis. Lastly, we present recent advances in the development and evaluation of emerging microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Altogether, we conclude that the key to uncovering the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis will lie in the immunomodulatory functions of the oral and gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marines du Teil Espina
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Gabarrini
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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Arana P, Salazar D, Amaya S, Medina M, Moreno-Correa S, Moreno F, González H, Contreras A. Microorganismos periodontales en el líquido sinovial de pacientes con artritis reumatoide. Revisión sistemática de la literatura 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcreu.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gabarrini G, Palma Medina LM, Stobernack T, Prins RC, du Teil Espina M, Kuipers J, Chlebowicz MA, Rossen JWA, van Winkelhoff AJ, van Dijl JM. There's no place like OM: Vesicular sorting and secretion of the peptidylarginine deiminase of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Virulence 2018; 9:456-464. [PMID: 29505395 PMCID: PMC5955434 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1421827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major periodontal agents and it has been recently hailed as a potential cause of the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. In particular, the peptidylarginine deiminase enzyme of P. gingivalis (PPAD) has been implicated in the citrullination of certain host proteins and the subsequent appearance of antibodies against citrullinated proteins, which might play a role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the extracellular localization of PPAD in a large panel of clinical P. gingivalis isolates. Here we show that all isolates produced PPAD. In most cases PPAD was abundantly present in secreted outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that are massively produced by P. gingivalis, and to minor extent in a soluble secreted state. Interestingly, a small subset of clinical isolates showed drastically reduced levels of the OMV-bound PPAD and secreted most of this enzyme in the soluble state. The latter phenotype is strictly associated with a lysine residue at position 373 in PPAD, implicating the more common glutamine residue at this position in PPAD association with OMVs. Further, one isolate displayed severely restricted vesiculation. Together, our findings show for the first time that neither the major association of PPAD with vesicles, nor P. gingivalis vesiculation per se, are needed for P. gingivalis interactions with the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gabarrini
- a Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,b Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Laura M Palma Medina
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Tim Stobernack
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Rianne C Prins
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Marines du Teil Espina
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- c Department of Cell Biology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Monika A Chlebowicz
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - John W A Rossen
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
- a Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,b Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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Asteriou E, Gkoutzourelas A, Mavropoulos A, Katsiari C, Sakkas LI, Bogdanos DP. Curcumin for the Management of Periodontitis and Early ACPA-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis: Killing Two Birds with One Stone. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070908. [PMID: 30012973 PMCID: PMC6073415 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose curcumin as a preventive measure to avoid/manage periodontitis (PD), and as a natural immunosuppressant for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PD, mainly caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis forming biofilm and leading to tooth decay, is a major public health issue and a risk factor for the development of RA in humans. P. gingivalis is able to trigger experimental autoimmune arthritis in animal models and in humans can induce citrullinated peptides, which not only are a source of anti-citrullinated antibodies (ACPAs), but also participate in autoreactive responses and disease development. Curcumin appears to have efficient anti-bacterial activity against P. gingivalis infection and biofilm formation. In addition to antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory action, curcumin exerts unique immunosuppressant properties via the inhibition of Th17 pro-inflammatory responses and promotion of regulatory T cells, thus suppressing autoimmunity. We introduce curcumin as a natural product for the management of both PD and RA-related autoreactivity, possibly also as a preventive measure in early RA or individuals at high risk to develop RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Asteriou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly and University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Gkoutzourelas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly and University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Mavropoulos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly and University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Christina Katsiari
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly and University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Lazaros I Sakkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly and University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly and University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
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40
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Dropping anchor: attachment of peptidylarginine deiminase via A-LPS to secreted outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8949. [PMID: 29895934 PMCID: PMC5997701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis has been invoked in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This association relates to the peptidylarginine deiminase of P. gingivalis (PPAD), an enzyme capable of citrullinating human proteins and potentially contributing to loss of tolerance to citrullinated proteins in RA. PPAD is both retained in the outer membrane (OM) of P. gingivalis cells and secreted into the extracellular milieu, where it is detected in a soluble form and in association with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Recent studies showed that certain P. gingivalis proteins are retained in the OM through modification with an A-type lipopolysaccharide (A-LPS). Here, we investigated the possible involvement of A-LPS modification in the association of PPAD to the OM and OMVs. The results indicate that the OM- and OMV-associated PPAD is A-LPS-modified. The modified PPAD species is of low abundance in particular clinical isolates of P. gingivalis, which is not due to defects in the overall synthesis of A-LPS-modified proteins but, rather, to particular traits of the respective PPAD proteins. Lastly, we show that OMV association protects the A-LPS-modified PPAD from proteolytic degradation. Altogether, our observations show that A-LPS modification contributes to OM(V) sorting and ‘protective secretion’ of PPAD.
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Alessandri C, Agmon-Levin N, Conti F, Perricone C, Ortona E, Pendolino M, Capozzi A, Delunardo F, Mancini R, Truglia S, Spinelli FR, Ceccarelli F, Sorice M, Shoenfeld Y, Valesini G. Anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome: diagnostic value and relationship with clinical features. Immunol Res 2018; 65:524-531. [PMID: 28215033 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies essential for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) but do not predict clinical manifestations or disease progression. Hence, the co-presence of other antibodies may prove useful. Autoimmunity directed toward vimentin and other citrullinated peptides was established in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in other autoimmune conditions including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have previously described the presence of autoantibodies directed against vimentin/cardiolipin complex in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but there are no data on the role of citrullinated vimentin in APS. Thus, we evaluated the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-MCV in APS patients. The study group consisted of 79 unselected outpatients with APS. Control groups included 25 patients with SLE, 30 patients with RA, and 20 healthy subjects age- and sex-matched. To detect anti-MCV, anti-vimentin, anti-vimentin/cardiolipin, and anti-CCP2 antibodies, commercial or homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed. Anti-MCV antibodies were found in a high percentage of APS patients (26.6%). A significant correlation between anti-MCV and anti-vimentin/cardiolipin serum levels was observed (p = 0.029). Moreover, vimentin reactivity was increased by its citrullination or conjugation with cardiolipin (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, anti-MCV was found associated with the presence of arthritis (p = 0.011) and anti-vimentin/cardiolipin was highly specific for the presence of arterial or venous thrombosis in APS (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). The detection of additional autoantibodies may contribute to clinical assessment of APS patients. Citrullination may occur in APS and play a role in the pathogenesis of this condition. KEY POINTS •Anti-MCV antibodies can be found in APS patients and are associated with the presence of arthritis. •Anti-vimentin/cardiolipin is strongly associated with the presence of thrombosis (both arterial and venous). •Citrullination occurs in APS, participate in disease pathogenesis, and influence clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Alessandri
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nancy Agmon-Levin
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Ortona
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Pendolino
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Delunardo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mancini
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Truglia
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Ceccarelli
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Guido Valesini
- Lupus Clinic, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Oikonomopoulou K, Diamandis EP, Hollenberg MD, Chandran V. Proteinases and their receptors in inflammatory arthritis: an overview. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:170-180. [PMID: 29416136 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteinases are enzymes with established roles in physiological and pathological processes such as digestion and the homeostasis, destruction and repair of tissues. Over the past few years, the hormone-like properties of circulating proteinases have become increasingly appreciated. Some proteolytic enzymes trigger cell signalling via proteinase-activated receptors, a family of G protein-coupled receptors that have been implicated in inflammation and pain in inflammatory arthritis. Proteinases can also regulate ion flux owing to the cross-sensitization of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V members 1 and 4, which are associated with mechanosensing and pain. In this Review, the idea that proteinases have the potential to orchestrate inflammatory signals by interacting with receptors on cells within the synovial microenvironment of an inflamed joint is revisited in three arthritic diseases: osteoarthritis, spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Unanswered questions are highlighted and the therapeutic potential of modulating this proteinase-receptor axis for the management of disease in patients with these types of arthritis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Oikonomopoulou
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Terato K, Waritani T, Fukai R, Shionoya H, Itoh H, Katayama K. Contribution of bacterial pathogens to evoking serological disease markers and aggravating disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190588. [PMID: 29408886 PMCID: PMC5800560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal bacteria and their pathogenic components in the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity may play pathological roles in autoimmune diseases. To study the possible involvement of bacterial pathogens in autoimmune diseases, IgG and IgA antibodies against pathogenic components produced by three strains of commensal bacteria, Escherichia coli-lipopolysaccharide (E. coli-LPS), Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS (Pg-LPS) and peptidoglycan polysaccharide (PG-PS) from Streptococcus pyogenes, were determined by an improved ELISA system for sera from two groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who met rapid radiographic progression (RRP) criteria and non-RRP, and compared to normal (NL) controls. Antibody responses to these bacterial pathogens are unique and consistent in individuals, and no fundamental difference was observed between RA and NL controls. Despite the similar antibody responses to pathogens, lower IgG or higher IgA and consequent higher IgA/IgG antibody ratio among the patients with RA related to disease marker levels and disease activity. Peculiarly, the IgA/IgG anti-Pg-LPS antibody ratio resulted from lower IgG and higher IgA antibody responses to Pg-LPS strongly correlated not only with rheumatoid factor (RF), but also correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and disease activity score of 28 joints with ESR (DAS28-ESR) in the RRP group. In contrast, the IgA/IgG anti-E. coli-LPS and anti-PG-PS antibody ratio correlated or tended to correlate with RF, ESR, CRP, and DAS28-ESR in the non-RRP group, whereas either the IgG or IgA anti-Pg-LPS antibody levels and consequent IgA/IgG anti-Pg-LPS antibody ratio did not correlate with any clinical marker levels in this group. Notably, anti-circular-citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody levels, which did not correlate with either IgG or IgA antibody levels to any pathogens, did not correlate with severity of arthritis in both RRP and non-RRP. Taken together, we propose that multiple environmental pathogens, which overwhelm the host antibody defense function, contribute independently or concomitantly to evoking disease makers and aggravating disease activity, and affect disease outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN CTR UMIN000012200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Terato
- Department of Research and Development, Chondrex Inc. Redmond, WA, United States of America
| | - Takaki Waritani
- Department of Research and Development, Chondrex Inc. Redmond, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Hiroshi Shionoya
- Research Lab Section 5, Asama Chemicals Inc. Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kou Katayama
- Katayama Orthopedic Rheumatology Clinic, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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44
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Kriebel K, Hieke C, Müller-Hilke B, Nakata M, Kreikemeyer B. Oral Biofilms from Symbiotic to Pathogenic Interactions and Associated Disease -Connection of Periodontitis and Rheumatic Arthritis by Peptidylarginine Deiminase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29441048 PMCID: PMC5797574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of bacterial species are harbored in the oral cavity, with the resulting complex network of interactions between the microbiome and host contributing to physiological as well as pathological conditions at both local and systemic levels. Bacterial communities inhabit the oral cavity as primary niches in a symbiotic manner and form dental biofilm in a stepwise process. However, excessive formation of biofilm in combination with a corresponding deregulated immune response leads to intra-oral diseases, such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Moreover, oral commensal bacteria, which are classified as so-called “pathobionts” according to a now widely accepted terminology, were recently shown to be present in extra-oral lesions with distinct bacterial species found to be involved in the onset of various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, atherosclerosis, chronic infective endocarditis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The present review focuses on oral pathobionts as commensal and healthy members of oral biofilms that can turn into initiators of disease. We will shed light on the processes involved in dental biofilm formation and also provide an overview of the interactions of P. gingivalis, as one of the most prominent oral pathobionts, with host cells, including epithelial cells, phagocytes, and dental stem cells present in dental tissues. Notably, a previously unknown interaction of P. gingivalis bacteria with human stem cells that has impact on human immune response is discussed. In addition to this very specific interaction, the present review summarizes current knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory effect of P. gingivalis and other oral pathobionts, members of the oral microbiome, that pave the way for systemic and chronic diseases, thereby showing a link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kriebel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hieke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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45
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Gabarrini G, Chlebowicz MA, Vega Quiroz ME, Veloo ACM, Rossen JWA, Harmsen HJM, Laine ML, van Dijl JM, van Winkelhoff AJ. Conserved Citrullinating Exoenzymes in Porphyromonas Species. J Dent Res 2018; 97:556-562. [PMID: 29298553 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517747575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major oral pathogens implicated in the widespread inflammatory disorder periodontitis. Moreover, in recent years, P. gingivalis has been associated with the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. The peptidylarginine deiminase enzyme of P. gingivalis (PPAD) is a major virulence factor that catalyzes the citrullination of both bacterial and host proteins, potentially contributing to production of anticitrullinated protein antibodies. Considering that these antibodies are very specific for rheumatoid arthritis, PPAD appears to be a link between P. gingivalis, periodontitis, and the autoimmune disorder rheumatoid arthritis. PPAD was thus far considered unique among prokaryotes, with P. gingivalis being the only bacterium known to produce and secrete it. To challenge this hypothesis, we investigated the possible secretion of PPAD by 11 previously collected Porphyromonas isolates from a dog, 2 sheep, 3 cats, 4 monkeys, and a jaguar with periodontitis. Our analyses uncovered the presence of secreted PPAD homologues in 8 isolates that were identified as Porphyromonas gulae (from a dog, monkeys, and cats) and Porphyromonas loveana (from sheep). In all 3 PPAD-producing Porphyromonas species, the dominant form of the secreted PPAD was associated with outer membrane vesicles, while a minor fraction was soluble. Our results prove for the first time that the citrullinating PPAD exoenzyme is not unique to only 1 prokaryotic species. Instead, we show that PPAD is produced by at least 2 other oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gabarrini
- 1 Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M A Chlebowicz
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M E Vega Quiroz
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A C M Veloo
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J W A Rossen
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H J M Harmsen
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M L Laine
- 3 Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J M van Dijl
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A J van Winkelhoff
- 1 Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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46
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Moreno Huertas ZJ, Jiménez Arbeláez J, Amaya Sánchez S, Cruz Olivo EA, Soto Franco JE. Papel de la Porphyromonas gingivalis en la patogenicidad de la Artritis Reumatoide: revisión de la literatura. ACTA ODONTOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/aoc.v8n1.70349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción: la evidencia cientí ca sobre la Artritis Reumatoide (AR) y la Enfermedad Periodontal (EP) se ha orientado hacia la presencia del periodontopatógeno Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g). Se ha establecido, a partir de diferentes estudios, su relación con el proceso de citrulinación y producción de anticuerpos antipéptidos citrulinados. Actualmente, hay una heterogénea evidencia cientí ca con nuevos aportes y variabilidad de hallazgos entre las dos enfermedades, pero los estudios en humanos son los que más generan interés. Objetivo: revisar evidencia cientí ca sobre estudios clínicos relacionados con la patogenicidad de la Enfermedad Periodontal y Porphyromonas gingivalis en la Artritis Reumatoide. Metodología: por medio de una búsqueda se identi caron las publicaciones realizadas con los tópicos de nidos y te- niendo en cuenta el análisis de contenido de estudios clínicos. Se revisó en el período de 2012-2016, los términos de búsqueda empleados fueron: rheumatoid arthritis y Porphyromonas gingivalis, con una lectura inicial basada en títulos y resúmenes, se excluyeron revisiones, reporte de casos, estudios in vitro y en animales. Resultados: después de realizar la búsqueda en tres bases de datos (PubMed, Lilacs y Embase), se encontraron 166 artículos, de los cuales 140 fueron rechazados y 25 fueron incluidos, pues describían estudios clínicos entre AR y P.g. La mayoría mostró una investigación de tipo cuantitativo, determinando la presencia de P.g en los pacientes con AR. Es clara la presencia de anticuerpos de P.g en suero y se ha reportado poca presencia en líquido sinovial, se ha identi cado ADN bacteriano en pacientes con AR y enfermedad periodontal. Nueva evidencia sugiere asociaciones con otros patógenos y detección en artritis de aparición temprana.
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Konig MF, Abusleme L, Reinholdt J, Palmer RJ, Teles RP, Sampson K, Rosen A, Nigrovic PA, Sokolove J, Giles JT, Moutsopoulos NM, Andrade F. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:369ra176. [PMID: 27974664 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaj1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been suspected since the beginnings of modern germ theory. Recent studies implicate mucosal surfaces as sites of disease initiation. The common occurrence of periodontal dysbiosis in RA suggests that oral pathogens may trigger the production of disease-specific autoantibodies and arthritis in susceptible individuals. We used mass spectrometry to define the microbial composition and antigenic repertoire of gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontal disease and healthy controls. Periodontitis was characterized by the presence of citrullinated autoantigens that are primary immune targets in RA. The citrullinome in periodontitis mirrored patterns of hypercitrullination observed in the rheumatoid joint, implicating this mucosal site in RA pathogenesis. Proteomic signatures of several microbial species were detected in hypercitrullinated periodontitis samples. Among these, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), but not other candidate pathogens, induced hypercitrullination in host neutrophils. We identified the pore-forming toxin leukotoxin A (LtxA) as the molecular mechanism by which Aa triggers dysregulated activation of citrullinating enzymes in neutrophils, mimicking membranolytic pathways that sustain autoantigen citrullination in the RA joint. Moreover, LtxA induced changes in neutrophil morphology mimicking extracellular trap formation, thereby releasing the hypercitrullinated cargo. Exposure to leukotoxic Aa strains was confirmed in patients with RA and was associated with both anticitrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor. The effect of human lymphocyte antigen-DRB1 shared epitope alleles on autoantibody positivity was limited to RA patients who were exposed to Aa These studies identify the periodontal pathogen Aa as a candidate bacterial trigger of autoimmunity in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian F Konig
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jesper Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robert J Palmer
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ricardo P Teles
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevon Sampson
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Antony Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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48
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Shi J, Darrah E, Sims GP, Mustelin T, Sampson K, Konig MF, Bingham CO, Rosen A, Andrade F. Affinity maturation shapes the function of agonistic antibodies to peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:141-148. [PMID: 29070531 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The citrullinating enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) is the target of a polyclonal group of autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A subgroup of such antibodies, initially identified by cross-reactivity with peptidylarginine deiminase type 3 (PAD3), is strongly associated with progression of radiographic joint damage and interstitial lung disease and has the unique ability to activate PAD4. The features of these antibodies in terms of their T cell-dependent origin, genetic characteristics and effect of individual antibody specificities on PAD4 function remain to be defined. METHODS We used PAD4 tagged with the monomeric fluorescent protein mWasabi to isolate PAD4-specific memory B cells from anti-PAD4 positive patients with RA and applied single cell cloning technologies to obtain monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Among 44 single B cells, we cloned five antibodies with PAD4-activating properties. Sequence analysis, germline reversion experiments and antigen specificity assays suggested that autoantibodies to PAD4 are not polyreactive and arise from PAD4-reactive precursors. Somatic mutations increase the agonistic activity of these antibodies at low calcium concentrations by facilitating their interaction with structural epitopes that modulate calcium-binding site 5 in PAD4. CONCLUSIONS PAD4-activating antibodies directly amplify a key process in disease pathogenesis, making them unique among other autoantibodies in RA. Understanding the molecular basis for their functionality may inform the design of future PAD4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gary P Sims
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevon Sampson
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maximilian F Konig
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Antony Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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49
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Nakken B, Papp G, Bosnes V, Zeher M, Nagy G, Szodoray P. Biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis: From molecular processes to diagnostic applications-current concepts and future perspectives. Immunol Lett 2017; 189:13-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Cheng Z, Meade J, Mankia K, Emery P, Devine DA. Periodontal disease and periodontal bacteria as triggers for rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:19-30. [PMID: 29221594 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an epidemiological association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is hypothesised to lead to enhanced generation of RA-related autoantibodies that can be detected years before the onset of RA symptoms. Periodontitis is a common dysbiotic disease; tissue damage occurs because the immune system fails to limit both the resident microbial community and the associated local immune response. Certain periodontal bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, may contribute to RA autoantibody production through direct post-translational modification of proteins or, indirectly, by influencing neutrophil-mediated neo-epitope generation. Oral bacteria that invade the blood may also contribute to chronic inflammatory responses and generation of autoantibodies. The putative association between periodontitis and the development of RA raises the potential of finding novel predictive markers of disease and disease progression and for periodontitis treatment to be included in the future as an adjunct to conventional RA immunotherapy or as part of a preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Cheng
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Josephine Meade
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Kulveer Mankia
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Deirdre A Devine
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK.
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