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Lee DS, Tackett AP, Naya C, Harlow AF, Mason TB. Trajectories of body mass index and combustible and electronic cigarette use across adolescence: Findings from the PATH study. Addict Behav 2024; 149:107901. [PMID: 37925843 PMCID: PMC10765952 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Associations between empirically-generated body mass index (BMI) trajectories and risk of current use of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes across adolescence were examined using longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. METHODS The PATH study is an ongoing annual longitudinal population-based study of adolescents. We utilized Waves 1-4 conducted from 2013 to 2017. Adolescents completed self-reported surveys of their height, weight, and current tobacco use at Waves 1-4 and their tobacco weight control beliefs at Waves 1-2. RESULTS Using latent growth mixture modeling, six trajectories of BMI were identified. The largest group ("normal weight increasing;" n = 4,858; 86.6 %), which was used as the comparator in subsequent analyses, consisted of adolescents ages 12-17 who were normal weight at Wave 1 with a significant increase in BMI across Waves 2--4. The "overweight early increasing," "overweight late increasing," and "obesity stable" classes had greater likelihood of current combustible cigarette use during the study compared to the "normal weight increasing class." The "overweight early increasing," "overweight late increasing," and "overweight increasing then decreasing" classes showed elevated risk for e-cigarette use during the study. Compared to those in the "normal weight increasing" class, those in the "overweight increasing then decreasing" and "obesity stable" classes had greater weight control beliefs at Wave 1 and those in the "obesity stable" class had greater weight control beliefs at Wave 2. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of weight trajectories and weight control beliefs by tobacco product use across adolescence and the need for mechanistic and intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick S Lee
- Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christine Naya
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alyssa F Harlow
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Hamadneh J, Hamadneh S. The impact of an online educational program to reduce second-hand exposure to smoke among nonsmoking pregnant women; a hospital-based intervention study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13148. [PMID: 37089336 PMCID: PMC10119503 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Second-hand smoke is recognized as a public health concern, especially for pregnant women. Objectives To compare pregnant women's exposure and perceptions of SHS pre-and post-intervention. Materials and methods The study was conducted with a sample of 32 pregnant women at a tertiary university hospital in Jordan. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, researchers asked women about their knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding prenatal exposure to smoke before and after an intervention that included motivation, communication, education and counselling by using a range of media. A cotinine test was conducted to measure levels in second-hand smokers. Results The average maternal age was 30.88 ± 1.69 years; 68% were highly educated, 43% were employed, 37% reported not having sufficient income, and 62% did not attend for antenatal care on a regular basis. There was a significant increase in knowledge and awareness regarding second-hand smoking and its effect on pregnancy outcomes after the intervention. More than 90% of pregnant women supported a comprehensive policy in relation to smoking, and 33% of used to leave the room where others smoked. This percentage increased to 70% after the intervention. Cotinine level decreased after the intervention in 81% of cases. Conclusions There is an increase in knowledge and awareness regarding second-hand smoking and its effects on pregnancy outcomes after implementation of an educational intervention.
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Jawed A, Jassal M. When there is no air, the cradle will fall: A narrative review of tobacco-related content across infant safe sleep interventions. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:994702. [PMID: 36545661 PMCID: PMC9760916 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.994702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) from sleep-related causes is a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is one of the primary causes of SUID attributed to one or more environmental or behavioral determinants surrounding safe sleep practices among infants. The focus of many interventions on mitigating sleep-related infant deaths have addressed visible determinants pertaining to bed sharing, safe sleep surfaces, and removal of blankets, toys and other choking or strangulation hazards. Tobacco reduction and cessation have not been at the heart of any infant safe sleep interventions although addressing tobacco exposure is one of the primary safe sleep recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. To date, there has not been a comprehensive review published on tobacco-related components across safe sleep interventions to reduce the risk of SIDS and SUID as the basis to contribute towards decreasing the rate of infant mortality. This review synthesizes the best practices, strategies, education, and additional interventions centered on addressing tobacco exposure as a risk factor for sleep-related infant deaths. Ten peer-reviewed studies were identified between 1995 and 2021 and integrated into this narrative review. There were three cross-sectional studies, three campaigns, one multi-center case control study, two randomized controlled trials, and two group comparison studies. Strengths and limitations of each approach are delineated followed by recommendations for future campaign, research, program, and practice endeavors to account for the totality of pertinent modifiable risk factors that contribute towards heightened infant mortality from sleep-related causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Jawed
- Department of Pediatric and OB/GYN Social Work, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mandeep Jassal
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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Been JV, Laverty AA, Tsampi A, Filippidis FT. European progress in working towards a tobacco-free generation. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:3423-3431. [PMID: 34032890 PMCID: PMC8589739 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Children have the right to grow up free from the hazards associated with tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoke exposure can have detrimental effects on children's health and development, from before birth and beyond. As a result of effective tobacco control policies, European smoking rates are steadily decreasing among adults, as is the proportion of adolescents taking up smoking. Substantial variation however exists between countries, both in terms of smoking rates and regarding implementation, comprehensiveness and enforcement of policies to address smoking and second-hand smoke exposure. This is important because comprehensive tobacco control policies such as smoke-free legislation and tobacco taxation have extensively been shown to carry clear health benefits for both adults and children. Additional policies such as increasing the legal age to buy tobacco, reducing the number of outlets selling tobacco, banning tobacco display and advertising at the point-of-sale, and introducing plain packaging for tobacco products can help reduce smoking initiation by youth. At societal level, health professionals can play an important role in advocating for stronger policy measures, whereas they also clearly have a duty to address smoking and tobacco smoke exposure at the patient level. This includes providing cessation advise and referring to effective cessation services.Conclusion: Framing of tobacco exposure as a child right's issue and of comprehensive tobacco control as a tool to work towards the ultimate goal of reaching a tobacco-free generation can help accelerate European progress to curb the tobacco epidemic. What is Known: • Tobacco exposure is associated with a range of adverse health effects among babies and children. • Comprehensive tobacco control policies helped bring down smoking rates in Europe and benefit child health. What is New: • Protecting the rights and health of children provides a strong starting point for tobacco control advocacy. • The tobacco-free generation concept helps policy-makers set clear goals for protecting future generations from tobacco-associated harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper V Been
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Anthony A Laverty
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aikaterini Tsampi
- Department of Transboundary Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Filippos T Filippidis
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Szefler SJ, Fitzgerald DA, Adachi Y, Doull IJ, Fischer GB, Fletcher M, Hong J, García‐Marcos L, Pedersen S, Østrem A, Sly PD, Williams S, Winders T, Zar HJ, Bush A, Lenney W. A worldwide charter for all children with asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:1282-1292. [PMID: 32142219 PMCID: PMC7187318 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Childhood asthma is a huge global health burden. The spectrum of disease, diagnosis, and management vary depending on where children live in the world and how their community can care for them. Global improvement in diagnosis and management has been unsatisfactory, despite ever more evidence-based guidelines. Guidelines alone are insufficient and need supplementing by government support, changes in policy, access to diagnosis and effective therapy for all children, with research to improve implementation. We propose a worldwide charter for all children with asthma, a roadmap to better education and training which can be adapted for local use. It includes access to effective basic asthma medications. It is not about new expensive medications and biologics as much can be achieved without these. If implemented carefully, the overall cost of care is likely to fall and the global future health and life chance of children with asthma will greatly improve. The key to success will be community involvement together with the local and national development of asthma champions. We call on governments, institutions, and healthcare services to support its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley J. Szefler
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Pediatric Asthma Research Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, Breathing Institute, Children's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColorado
| | - Dominic A. Fitzgerald
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent HealthSydney Medical School, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Iolo J. Doull
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory MedicineChildren's Hospital for WalesCardiffUK
| | - Gilberto B. Fischer
- Department of PaediatricsUniversidade Federal de Ciencias da Saúde de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Monica Fletcher
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Paediatrics, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Luis García‐Marcos
- Department of Paediatrics, “Virgen de la Arrixaca” University Children's HospitalUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Søren Pedersen
- Paediatric Research Unit, Kolding HospitalUniversity of Southern DenmarkKoldingDenmark
| | | | - Peter D. Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program and World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Children's Health and Environment, Child Health Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Siân Williams
- International Primary Care Respiratory GroupLondonUK
| | - Tonya Winders
- Allergy & Asthma NetworkViennaVirginia
- Global Allergy & Asthma Patient PlatformViennaVirginia
| | - Heather J. Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's HospitalMRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Andy Bush
- Department of Paediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute and Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation TrustImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Warren Lenney
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Applied Clinical ScienceKeele UniversityKeeleUK
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Brown N, Rizvi A, Kerai S, Nisar MI, Rahman N, Baloch B, Jehan F. Recurrence of WHO-defined fast breathing pneumonia among infants, its occurrence and predictors in Pakistan: a nested case-control analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035277. [PMID: 31915178 PMCID: PMC6955570 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies in low-income and middle-income countries have shown an adverse association between environmental exposures including poverty. There is little literature from South Asia. We aimed to test the associations between housing, indoor air pollution and children's respiratory health and recurrent fast breathing pneumonia in a poor urban setting in Pakistan. SETTING Primary health centres in a periurban slum in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS Nested matched case-control study within a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial of fast breathing pneumonia (Randomised Trial of Amoxicillin vs Placebo for Pneumonia (RETAPP)) in periurban slums of Karachi, Pakistan. Cases were children aged 2-60 months enrolled in RETAPP with fast breathing pneumonia who presented again with fast breathing between 8 weeks and 12 months after full recovery. Controls, selected in a 2:1 ratio, were age-matched participants who did not represent. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was undertaken to explore associations with potentially modifiable environmental predictors including housing type, indoor air quality, exposure to tobacco smoke, outdoor pollution, household crowding, water and sanitation quality, nutritional status, immunisation completeness, breast feeding and airways hyperactivity. RESULTS Fast breathing recurred in 151 (3.7%) of children out of the total (4003) enrolled in the trial. Poor-quality housing of either katcha or mixed type strongly predicted recurrence with adjusted matched ORs 2.43 (95% CI 1.02 to 5.80) and 2.44 (1.11 to 5.38), respectively. Poor air quality, cooking fuel, inadequate ventilation, nutritional status, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) index, wheeze at first presentation and group of initial trial assignment were not independently predictive of recurrence. CONCLUSION Poor-quality housing independently predicted recurrence of fast breathing pneumonia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02372461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Brown
- International Maternal and Child Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Academiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
- Department of Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, Sindh, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Arjumand Rizvi
- Department of Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, Sindh, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Salima Kerai
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Muhammad Imran Nisar
- Department of Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, Sindh, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Rahman
- Department of Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, Sindh, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Benazir Baloch
- Department of Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, Sindh, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, Sindh, 74800, Pakistan
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Rankin J. Second-hand smoke exposure and orofacial clefts. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2018; 32:428-429. [PMID: 30266045 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Rankin
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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