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Currie BM, Drew MK, Hetherington M, Waddington G, Brown NAT, Toohey LA. Diving Into the Health Problems of Competitive Divers: A Systematic Review of Injuries and Illnesses in Pre-elite and Elite Diving Athletes. Sports Health 2024:19417381241255329. [PMID: 38828690 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241255329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The Olympic sport of diving involves the competitive disciplines of 3 m springboard and 10 m platform. Although it is generally accepted that lumbar spine injuries are common in diving athletes, the existing literature of health problems in diving athletes remains scarce. OBJECTIVE To identify the incidence, prevalence, and type of health problems that occur in competitive diving athletes. DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE, SportsDiscus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION Studies written in English investigating elite or pre-elite competitive diving (springboard, platform) injuries and/or illnesses were eligible. Two independent reviewers screened for inclusion by title, abstract, and full text in accordance with the eligibility criteria. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction was completed by 1 author using a structured form. A second author then independently reviewed and verified the extracted data, any discrepancies were resolved through consensus. RESULTS The search identified 2554 potential articles, with 28 studies meeting eligibility criteria. The surveillance setting of most studies was restricted to competition-based events, with the reported injury incidence proportion ranging from 2.1% to 22.2%. The reported injury incidence rate ranged from 1.9 to 15.5 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Injuries to the shoulder, lower back/lumbar spine, trunk, and wrist/hand were reported most frequently. The prevalence of low back pain was reported as high as 89% (lifetime), 43.1% (period), and 37.3% (point). The illness incidence proportion ranged from 0.0% to 22.2%, with respiratory and gastrointestinal illness reported most frequently. CONCLUSION Up to 1 in 5 diving athletes sustain an injury and/or illness during periods of competition. A reporting bias was observed, with most cohort studies limiting surveillance to short competition-based periods only. This limits the current understanding of the health problems experienced by diving athletes to competition periods only and requires expansion to whole-of-year surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Currie
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australia
- Diving Australia, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Academy of Sport, Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael K Drew
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australia
- Athlete Performance Health, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
| | | | - Gordon Waddington
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australia
- Sports Medicine, AIS Operations, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
| | - Nicholas A T Brown
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australia
| | - Liam A Toohey
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australia
- Athlete Performance Health, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
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Ko SH, Cha JR, Lee CC, Kim MS, Park KB. Musculoskeletal Injuries in Table Tennis during Competition: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:267-271. [PMID: 37871618 PMCID: PMC10987229 DOI: 10.1055/a-2175-6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among table tennis players and identify their associated risk factors. We conducted a literature search in online databases using relevant search terms related to "table tennis" and "injury". To compare the rate of injuries according to player-related variables, we extracted information on sex, level of games, circumstances of injury, and duration of sport absence after injury. Furthermore, we calculated the odds ratios based on the number of injuries according to variables. Eight articles included 873 professional table tennis players, revealing an overall musculoskeletal injury rate of 3.6% (31 musculoskeletal injuries). The incidence was 10.0 injuries per 1,000 playing hours (range, 0-27.0). The rate of musculoskeletal injuries for female and male players were 3.2% and 3.8%, respectively, and those for Summer Olympic Games, Asian Games, and domestic national games was 4.8%, 15.4%, and 0%, respectively. More than half (52%) of injuries occurred during training, and most injuries (64%) were of a nature that did not cause time loss. This review provides valuable information about the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in table tennis competitions. However, owing to the limitations of this study in identifying injury-related risk factors, future studies analyzing comprehensive variables are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jae-Ryong Cha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chae-Chil Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ki-Bong Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
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Wu Y, Dai R, Yan W, Ren S, Ao Y. Characteristics of Sports Injuries in Athletes During the Winter Olympics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231209286. [PMID: 38107844 PMCID: PMC10722932 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231209286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Athletes in the Winter Olympic Games are subject to high injury rates given the physical demands of sports. Comprehensive data regarding injury characteristics in these athletes are limited. Purpose To summarize and analyze data regarding the incidence and characteristics of sports injuries occurring in the Winter Olympic Games. Study Design Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods A systematic review of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was conducted. Included were studies reporting the incidence of sports injuries during the Winter Olympics Games from 1995 through 2021. From 168 studies initially retrieved, 4 studies (8824 athletes, 1057 injured athletes) were included. A single-group meta-analysis of sports injury characteristics was performed, with subgroup analysis performed according to the different sports, injury locations, and injury types. Injury severity (time lost from sport) and mechanism were also assessed. Result The overall injury incidence rate (IIR) during the Winter Olympic Games was 9.6% (95% CI, 4.1%-19.8%). Snow sports were associated with the highest IIR (11.3%), with the top 3 events being the snowboard cross event in snowboarding (31.4%), the aerials event in freestyle skiing (28.6%), and the slopestyle event in snowboarding (27.7%). The most common injury locations were the knee (IIR = 20.0%; 95% CI 17.9%-22.0%), head (IIR = 10.6%; 95% CI, 9.4%-11.9%), and ankle (IIR = 8.2%; 95% CI 7.8%-8.7%). The most common injury types were contusion/hematoma/bruise (IIR = 29.9%; 95% CI 29.7%-30.0%), sprain (dislocation, subluxation, instability, ligamentous, rupture) (IIR = 21.9%; 95% CI 21.4%-22.3%), and strain (muscle rupture, tear, tendon rupture) (IIR = 11.3%; 95% CI 11.0%-11.6%). Regarding injury severity, most athletes had no time lost from sport (64.5%); 24.0% lost fewer than 7 days, and 11.5% lost more than 7 days. The most common injury mechanism was noncontact-related injury (63.3%). Conclusion In Winter Olympics sports, snow-sport injuries were more common than those associated with other sports, and the most common injury location was the knee. Most injuries did not require time loss, and the most were noncontact-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilan Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Yousufy U, Chimera NJ. Is There an Association Between Injury History and Lower Extremity Joint Injury During Canada Games Competition? Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:1308-1319. [PMID: 38050547 PMCID: PMC10693481 DOI: 10.26603/001c.89273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Injuries during elite level competition like the Canada Games, occur frequently and injury history is one of the strongest predictors of future injury; however, this association is unknown in the Canada Games. Purpose To determine the association between injury history and incidence of lower extremity joint injury during Canada Games competition. Methods Data from the 2009 - 2019 Canada Games (8710 male and 8391 female athletes) competitions were de-identified by the Canada Games Council for analysis. Injury data were cleaned and categorized for previous injury and injury type and location. Injury history was self-reported and included concussion, major surgical procedure, neck and back, trauma to joint or bone, and trauma to ligament or tendon. Injury from the Canada Games competitions were categorized to include ankle, knee, hip, and patellofemoral joint injuries. Chi-Square (χ2 ) test of independence determined association between injury history and incidence of lower extremity joint injury during Canada Games competition. IBM SPSS (Version 26) was used for statistical analysis (p-value < 0.05). Results Four hundred and seventy-five ankle, 503 knee, 253 hip, and 106 patellofemoral joint injuries were reported during 10 years of Canada Games competitions. There were significant associations between history of neck and back injuries with ankle injuries and knee injuries, history of trauma and overuse of ligament or tendon with hip injuries and history of trauma or overuse of joint or bone with patellofemoral joint injuries. Conclusion These findings support previous literature suggesting that injury history is associated with future injury. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Yousufy
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Brock University
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Jungmann PM, Lange T, Wenning M, Baumann FA, Bamberg F, Jung M. Ankle Sprains in Athletes: Current Epidemiological, Clinical and Imaging Trends. Open Access J Sports Med 2023; 14:29-46. [PMID: 37252646 PMCID: PMC10216848 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s397634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ankle injuries are frequent sports injuries. Despite optimizing treatment strategies during recent years, the percentage of chronification following an ankle sprain remains high. The purpose of this review article is, to highlight current epidemiological, clinical and novel advanced cross-sectional imaging trends that may help to evaluate ankle sprain injuries. Methods Systematic PubMed literature research. Identification and review of studies (i) analyzing and describing ankle sprain and (ii) focusing on advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques at the ankle. Results The ankle is one of the most frequently injured body parts in sports. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a change in sporting behavior and sports injuries. Ankle sprains account for about 16-40% of the sports-related injuries. Novel cross-sectional imaging techniques, including Compressed Sensing MRI, 3D MRI, ankle MRI with traction or plantarflexion-supination, quantitative MRI, CT-like MRI, CT arthrography, weight-bearing cone beam CT, dual-energy CT, photon-counting CT, and projection-based metal artifact reduction CT may be introduced for detection and evaluation of specific pathologies after ankle injury. While simple ankle sprains are generally treated conservatively, unstable syndesmotic injuries may undergo stabilization using suture-button-fixation. Minced cartilage implantation is a novel cartilage repair technique for osteochondral defects at the ankle. Conclusion Applications and advantages of different cross-sectional imaging techniques at the ankle are highlighted. In a personalized approach, optimal imaging techniques may be chosen that best detect and delineate structural ankle injuries in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Jungmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wenning
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frédéric A Baumann
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Hospital of Schiers, Schiers, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Jung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Derman W, Runciman P, Eken M, Boer PH, Blauwet C, Bogdos M, Idrisova G, Jordaan E, Kissick J, LeVan P, Lexell J, Mohammadi F, Patricio M, Schwellnus M, Webborn N, Willick SE, Yagishita K. Incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games held during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study of 66 045 athlete days. Br J Sports Med 2022; 57:bjsports-2022-106312. [PMID: 36588431 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, which was organised with strict COVID-19 countermeasures. METHODS Daily illnesses were recorded via the web-based injury and illness surveillance system (teams with their own medical staff; n=81), and local polyclinic services (teams without their own medical staff; n=81). Illness proportion, incidence and burden were reported for all illnesses and in subgroups by sex, age, competition period, sports and physiological system. RESULTS 4403 athletes (1853 female and 2550 male) from 162 countries were monitored for the 15-day period of the Tokyo Paralympic Games (66 045 athlete days). The overall incidence of illnesses per 1000 athlete days was 4.2 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.8; 280 illnesses). The highest incidences were in wheelchair tennis (7.1), shooting (6.1) and the new sport of badminton (5.9). A higher incidence was observed in female compared with male athletes (5.1 vs 3.6; p=0.005), as well as during the precompetition versus competition period (7.0 vs 3.5; p<0.0001). Dermatological and respiratory illnesses had the highest incidence (1.1 and 0.8, respectively). Illness burden was 4.9 days per 1000 athlete days and 23% of illnesses resulted in time loss from training/competition>1 day. CONCLUSION The incidence of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was the lowest yet to be recorded in either the summer or winter Paralympic Games. Dermatological and respiratory illnesses were the most common, with the burden of respiratory illness being the highest, largely due to time loss associated with COVID-19 cases. Infection countermeasures appeared successful in reducing respiratory and overall illness, suggesting implementation in future Paralympic Games may mitigate illness risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- IOC Research Center, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Phoebe Runciman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maaike Eken
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pieter-Henk Boer
- Department of Human Movement Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manos Bogdos
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Nestor Psychogeriatric Society, Athens, Greece
| | - Guzel Idrisova
- Sport and Health, Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Esme Jordaan
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James Kissick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philipe LeVan
- Pôle Médical, Institut National des Sports de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
| | - Jan Lexell
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fariba Mohammadi
- Department of Sport Medicine, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Marcelo Patricio
- Trauma Observatory, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- IOC Research Center, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nick Webborn
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stuart E Willick
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Chimera NJ, Merasty D, Lininger MR. Injuries and Illnesses Across 10 Years of Canada Games Competitions: 2009 - 2019. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:1372-1382. [PMID: 36518838 PMCID: PMC9718729 DOI: 10.26603/001c.39743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Canada Games are a national level competition held every two years alternating between Summer and Winter Games. Participation in elite level athletics, like the Canada Games, have an inherent risk of injury and illness. Purpose To analyze the incidence and characteristics of injuries and illnesses during Canada Games competitions from 2009-2019 (primarily) and to understand sex differences in odds of musculoskeletal injury for Summer and Winter Canada Games athletes (secondarily). Study Design Descriptive Epidemiology Study. Methods Using a retrospective cohort, data were abstracted from medical incident reports generated during Canada Games from 2009 - 2019. Data were coded for body part injured and injury type or illness system; injuries were also categorized as acute or chronic. Results Across all 10 years of competition, 3160 injuries reported in 8710 male athletes and 3272 injuries reported in 8391 female athletes. Injury incidence was 362.8 and 389.9 and illness incidence was 47.8 and 64.5 per 1000 male and female athletes, respectively. Female athletes had a 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06; 1.19) greater odds of injury and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.20; 1.57) greater odds of illness compared to male athletes. Overall, injury (399.31 vs. 360.31; p < 0.001) and illness (68.67 vs. 47.30; p < 0.001) incidences were higher in Winter Games, compared to Summer Games, per 1000 athletes. When comparing male and female athletes participating in similar sports, sex specific differences exist in odds of both injury and illness. Conclusions Male and female athletes competing in Canada Games competitions demonstrate differences in injury and illness incidence and odds of injury. This suggests a need to examine if additional modifiable risk factors may exist, which could contribute to prevention strategies to reduce injury and illness during Canada Games competition. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica R Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training Northern Arizona University
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Dong X, Wang L. The Imaging Diagnosis of Patients with Shoulder Pain Caused by Sports Injury. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:5272446. [PMID: 35498137 PMCID: PMC9050330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5272446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The shoulder joint is the most complex and movable joint of the human body. A variety of diseases can affect the shoulder joint and cause shoulder pain. Sports injuries are an important and common cause of shoulder pain. In the clinical diagnosis of shoulder joint injury, the most commonly used diagnostic methods are X-ray photography and CT imaging, but X-ray photography has poor ability to distinguish shoulder joints and other tiny tissue structures and has a sense of inspiration for shoulder joint injuries. In addition, CT arthrography has a certain risk to the lesion and is easy to form trauma, and it cannot clearly show the shoulder joint structures such as the rotator cuff and the labrum. Therefore, this article conducts MR imaging diagnostic research on patients with shoulder pain caused by sports injuries and plays an important role in imaging. This article deeply studied the clinical manifestations of shoulder joint pain and image processing technology, designed a research experiment on imaging diagnosis results of patients with shoulder joint pain caused by sports injuries, selected 87 patients with shoulder joint pain in a hospital, and analyzed X-ray photography, CT imaging, and MR imaging diagnosis, three methods to compare the diagnostic accuracy and inspection results and conduct an in-depth analysis of the causes of shoulder joint injury. The experimental results showed that there were 87 patients with shoulder joint pain, 65 patients with rotator cuff tear were diagnosed using arthroscopy, and 63 patients with rotator cuff tear were diagnosed by MR imaging. The accuracy rate was as high as 95.6%. Among them, the proportion caused by sports injuries is the highest, reaching 56%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Dong
- Sports Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Sports Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang, China
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Sports Injury and Illness Epidemiology: Thailand Team Surveillance During the 30th Southeast Asian Games. Asian J Sports Med 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.116382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Injury and illness surveillance in sports is the first step of the injury prevention model that generates effective injury prevention measures. Objectives: To identify the incidence, severity, and causes of injuries and illness in the Thailand national team during the 30th Southeast Asian (SEA) Games. Methods: All medical encounters were documented using the International Olympic Committee (IOC) injury and illness surveillance system for multi-sport events. We recorded the daily occurrence of injuries and illnesses reported by Thailand’s medical teams over the 12 days of the competition period. Results: Among 980 Thai athletes (568 male and 412 female), that participated in the 30th SEA Games, a total of 105 injuries and illnesses were reported. There were 84 injuries and 21 illnesses which equated to an incidence of 86 injuries and 21 illnesses per 1000 athletes. The most commonly injured body part was the lower leg (14% of all injuries), followed by the shoulder and clavicle. Ligament sprain or rupture and contusion (25% of all injuries) were reported as the most common type of injury. Of all injuries, 56 were classified as needing medical attention (only), 26 caused performance restriction, and two caused complete-time loss. The most common athlete illness was respiratory illness (48% of all illnesses) followed by gastrointestinal illness (19% of all illnesses). One-third (7 out of 21) of athlete illnesses restricted the athlete's performance, and the remaining 14 only required medical attention. Conclusions: Overall, 8% of athletes incurred at least one injury during the competition, and 2% suffered from an illness. Lower leg injury and respiratory illness were the most common, which is similar to other multi-sport events. Based on the research data, injury prevention, especially of ligamentous sprain and lower limb injuries, should be the focus in multi-sport events.
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Hamai A, Okada T, Ukai M, Yoshizawa E, Kondo K, Yamada Y, Kikuchi M. Family physicians can contribute to Olympic and Paralympic Games or other sports events. J Gen Fam Med 2021; 23:135-136. [PMID: 35261869 PMCID: PMC8888796 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Hamai
- Department of General Medicine Awa Regional Medical Center Chiba Japan
- Tessyokai Kameda Family Clinic Tateyama Chiba Japan
| | - Tadao Okada
- Tessyokai Kameda Family Clinic Tateyama Chiba Japan
| | - Mamiko Ukai
- Tessyokai Kameda Family Clinic Tateyama Chiba Japan
| | | | - Keita Kondo
- Tessyokai Kameda Family Clinic Tateyama Chiba Japan
| | - Yuto Yamada
- Department of General Medicine Awa Regional Medical Center Chiba Japan
| | - Mayu Kikuchi
- Department of General Medicine Awa Regional Medical Center Chiba Japan
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McElheny KD, Little D, Taylor D, Manzi JE. Communicable Illness Mitigation Strategies for Traveling Elite Sporting Organizations. Sports Health 2021; 14:532-537. [PMID: 34292110 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211032226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Transmission of communicable diseases observed in sporting organizations is often preventable. Early detection, isolation, and treatment can significantly diminish time lost. Until recently, there has been a paucity of standardized guidelines outlining feasible, preventable measures to protect both athletes and staff from contagious illnesses. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative was to highlight optimal prevention practices for transmission mitigation, with a particular focus on hygiene activity and travel considerations in professional sporting organizations. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Current recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and peer-reviewed journals. STUDY DESIGN Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 5. RESULTS Communicable illness prevention strategies begin at the level of sufficient personal hygiene practices. Common area surface cleaning recommendations, including shared equipment sanitization between usage as well as designated equipment use to specific athletes, should be considered to minimize cross-contamination, in particular, for liked-position players. Intelligent design for shared areas can include redistributing the layout of communal spaces, most feasibly, spreading locker designation a minimum distance of 6 ft from one another. Travel considerations can include placing most susceptible passengers closest to window seating, boarding last and exiting first. Team physicians should have knowledge of essential personnel medical histories in an effort to risk stratify staff members and players in the setting of communicable disease. CONCLUSION Providing a framework for illness management and prevention is important when considering the effects on player health, missed time, performance, and overall cost. Containment of commonly observed communicable illnesses can be optimized with sufficient personal hygiene practices, common area surface cleaning recommendations, intelligent design for shared areas, travel and hotel considerations, as well as appropriate screening tools and isolation techniques. STRENGTH OF RECOMMENDATION TAXONOMY (SORT) B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D McElheny
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,New York Mets Baseball Club, Queens, New York
| | - Dean Little
- New York Mets Baseball Club, Queens, New York
| | - David Taylor
- United States Olympic and Paralympics Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado.,Golden State Warriors Basketball Club, San Francisco, California
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Nicolini AP, Penna NA, Oliveira GTDE, Cohen M. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES IN JIU-JITSU ATHLETES. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2021; 29:49-53. [PMID: 33795970 PMCID: PMC7976864 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220212901236466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the epidemiology of orthopedic injuries in jiu-jitsu practitioners. METHODS Ninety-six jiu-jitsu practitioners aged between 18 and 45 years, male and female, answered a questionnaire addressing personal data and history of injuries related to the sport during the last 24 months. RESULTS In the period cover, 85% of the sample presented injuries related to the practice of jiu-jitsu, with an average of 60 days of absenteeism from sports practice. Fingers, shoulders, and knees were the joints most affected by orthopedic injuries. CONCLUSION Orthopedic injuries are quite prevalent among jiu-jitsu practitioners, often distancing athletes from the sport. Level of Evidence IV, case series / cross sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pedro Nicolini
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Sports Traumatology Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathália Abolis Penna
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Sports Traumatology Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Taniguti DE Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Sports Traumatology Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Moises Cohen
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Sports Traumatology Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chesson L, Whitehead S, Flanagan K, Deighton K, Matu J, Backhouse SH, Jones B. Illness and infection in elite full-contact football-code sports: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:435-440. [PMID: 33303368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Full-contact football-code team sports offer a unique environment for illness risk. During training and match-play, players are exposed to high-intensity collisions which may result in skin-on-skin abrasions and transfer of bodily fluids. Understanding the incidence of all illnesses and infections and what impact they cause to time-loss from training and competition is important to improve athlete care within these sports. This review aimed to systematically report, quantify and compare the type, incidence, prevalence and count of illnesses across full-contact football-code team sports. DESIGN/METHODS A systematic search of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO and CINAHL electronic databases was performed from inception to October 2019; keywords relating to illness, athletes and epidemiology were used. Studies were excluded if they did not quantify illness or infection, involve elite athletes, investigate full-contact football-code sports or were review articles. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria. Five different football-codes were reported: American football (n=10), Australian rules football (n=3), rugby league (n=2), rugby sevens (n=3) and rugby union (n=9). One multi-sport study included both American football and rugby union. Full-contact football-code athletes are most commonly affected by respiratory system illnesses. There is a distinct lack of consensus of illness monitoring methodology. CONCLUSIONS Full-contact football-code team sport athletes are most commonly affected by respiratory system illnesses. Due to various monitoring methodologies, illness incidence could only be compared between studies that used matching incidence exposure measures. High-quality illness surveillance data collection is an essential component to undertake effective and targeted illness prevention in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Chesson
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Whitehead
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Netball, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Flanagan
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Deighton
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, United Kingdom; Delta Hat Limited, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Matu
- Leeds Beckett University, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Susan H Backhouse
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Jones
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, United Kingdom; School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, South Africa
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Sharma S, Dhillon MS, Kumar P, Rajnish RK. Patterns and Trends of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Olympic Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Orthop 2020; 54:294-307. [PMID: 32399148 PMCID: PMC7205976 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Foot and ankle injuries in elite athletes can result in decreased performance, absence from sport and prolonged morbidity. There is paucity of data on foot and ankle injuries in Olympics athletes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Studies in English language that reported the incidence and/or prevalence of foot and ankle injuries in during Olympics games (summer, winter and youth Olympics) were included. Studies in languages other than English, those that looked at injuries other than foot and ankle injuries, studies looking at injuries in non-Olympics events and those looking at Olympics trials were excluded. We determined the injury rates and burden of foot and ankle injuries. We also looked at the patterns and trends of foot and ankle injuries. RESULTS A total of 399 foot and ankle injuries from 25 publications were included in the review. Foot and ankle injury rates ranged from 0.09 to 0.42 injuries per athlete-years for summer Olympics and 0.02-0.35 injuries per athlete-years for winter Olympics. Quantitative analysis revealed that foot and ankle injuries contributed to 16.9% of all injuries (95% CI 8.1-31.9%) for summer Olympics and 5.1% of all injuries (95% CI 1.9-12.6%) for winter Olympics; however, a high statistical heterogeneity was noted. The three most common injuries were tendon injuries, ligament injuries and stress fractures. The rates and burden of foot and ankle injuries showed a declining trend. CONCLUSIONS Foot and ankle injuries are an important cause of morbidity amongst Olympics athletes. The declining trend amongst these injuries notwithstanding, there is a need for a global electronic database for reporting of injuries in Olympics athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep S. Dhillon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prasoon Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Rajnish
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elite and Olympian athletes are often stretching the upper limits of normal physiology and biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system in their efforts to excel in their sport. For them to get back to their sport at the same level after injury, the management, repair techniques, and rehabilitation protocols should be robust to permit healing of tissues to allow supra-normal loading and performance. The knee and the meniscus are commonly injured in these sports. Yet, the incidence, mechanisms, types of injuries to the meniscus, and their management are not known across different sports in the Olympics. METHODS We set out to look into the incidence and the trends of publications on meniscal injuries of the knee in Olympic games. A search of the PubMed and Scopus for these injuries using a search strategy gave 79 and 116 articles, respectively. RESULTS There were very few publications giving the incidence of meniscal injuries in the Olympics. Football is the sport with the highest rate of meniscal injuries. Different sports are popular in different countries, and depending on the popularity and the country reporting these injuries, incidences differed. There was data available from India and Brazil for Elite athlete from diverse sports, whereas most data from other countries were for football and soccer. Knee was found to be the second most commonly injured part of the body in both Winter and Summer Olympics as well as the Youth Winter Olympics. Data were not available from the Youth Summer Olympics to make any conclusions. The number of publications on this topic is low. We presented the timeline of publications and citations of articles on this topic. The top country, language, journal, university, and author were USA, English, American Journal of Sports Medicine, Hospital of Special Surgery in New York and Brophy RH, respectively. The data on the risk factors for meniscal injuries were analyzed, discussed, and presented for football, as this was the most extensively studied sport. CONCLUSIONS Even though the knee is one of the commonly injured anatomical locations in elite athletes, there is a lack of literature on meniscal injuries in this subset of population. We looked at possible reasons and made recommendations to improve data collection on these injuries.
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Arnold AJ, Thigpen CA, Beattie PF, Kissenberth MJ, Tokish JM, Shanley E. Sport Specialization and Increased Injury Frequency in Youth Baseball Players: A Prospective Study. J Athl Train 2020; 54:1115-1122. [PMID: 31633417 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-349-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sport specialization is thought to be a primary contributor to the throwing-related injury risk in youth baseball players. OBJECTIVE To (1) establish arm-injury incidence in a cohort of male youth (9-12 years old) baseball players and (2) examine sport specialization and the frequency of arm injuries in the same cohort. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Greenville, South Carolina, youth baseball programs and tournaments. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 159 asymptomatic youth baseball players (age = 11.1 ± 1.1 years) were physically assessed and then were prospectively followed for 6.7 ± 1.5 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Athlete demographics and playing and injury histories were initially recorded. Athlete-exposures and presence of arm injury were prospectively tracked. All injuries were physically confirmed by a licensed physical therapist. RESULTS Youth players demonstrated an arm-injury incidence rate of 2.22 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Parents and players underestimated sport-specialization status based on the standard research definition (self versus research based: 31% versus 83%, respectively; P = .001). The frequency of arm injuries was higher in specialized players (100%) than in nonspecialized players (80%, P = .03) but did not differ between pitchers and position players (13.2% each, P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Sport specialization was associated with throwing-related arm injuries in a small cohort of youth baseball players. It is concerning that 57.9% of parents and specialized players were unaware of the athletes' status. Larger studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to further evaluate injury-risk profiles in physically developing youth populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Arnold
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center-New Orleans
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Bigouette JP, Owen EC, Greenleaf J, James SL, Strasser NL. Injury Surveillance and Evaluation of Medical Services Utilized During the 2016 Track and Field Olympic Trials. Orthop J Sports Med 2018; 6:2325967118816300. [PMID: 30627590 PMCID: PMC6311600 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118816300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Injury surveillance systems have been implemented at world championships, yet no previous work has determined the burden of injuries during the United States Track and Field Olympic Trials. Additionally, the type of medical service providers utilized throughout the meet has not been reported, leaving it unclear whether optimal staffing needs are being met. Purpose: To describe the incidence of injuries presenting to the medical team at the 2016 US Track and Field Olympic Trials (Eugene, Oregon) by event type and competitor demographics. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all documented injuries and treatments recorded from June 28 through July 10, 2016. Descriptive statistics and the prevalence of newly incurred injuries were calculated for registered athletes and nonathlete (ie, support) staff. The incidence of acute injuries was analyzed for registered athletes, as stratified by athlete sex and event type. Results: A total of 514 individuals were seen during the trials: 89% were athletes and 11% were supporting staff. Physicians treated 71 injuries and 14 illnesses. Of diagnosed injuries, 85% (n = 60) occurred among athletes, with hamstring strains (16.7%, n = 10) being the most prevalent. A mean of 124 medical services (median, 137; interquartile range, 65.5-179.5) were provided each day of the trials. Among medical services, 41.8% were attributed to massage therapists for athletes, while chiropractic services were the most utilized service (47.1%) by the support staff. There was an overall incidence of 59.7 injuries per 1000 registered athletes, with jumpers (109.4 per 1000) and long-distance athletes (90.4 per 1000) being the most commonly seen athletes. Conclusion: Throughout the trials, athletes participating in jumping and long-distance events were the most commonly seen by physicians, creating the potential need for an increase in staffing of physicians during meet periods when these events occur. The provided medical services appeared to follow the number of athletes competing during the trials and the need for recovery treatments after competition. Findings from this study should inform future strategy for staffing and policy development at Olympic Trials and other elite-level track and field events in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Bigouette
- Slocum Research & Education Foundation, Eugene, Oregon, USA.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Erin C Owen
- Slocum Research & Education Foundation, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Stanley L James
- Slocum Center for Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicholas L Strasser
- Slocum Research & Education Foundation, Eugene, Oregon, USA.,Slocum Center for Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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Read C, Beaumont C, Isbell J, Dombrowsky A, Brabston E, Ponce B, Hale H, Mccollough K, Estes R, Momaya AM. Spectator injuries in sports. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:520-523. [PMID: 30411604 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.09146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Injury documentation and prevention has largely focused on the athletes participating in the sporting event. However, spectators are at risk for injury as well depending on the sport and venue. No study to date has recorded and analyzed spectator injuries in sports. The purpose of this study was to document spectator injuries across different sports. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Scholarly articles and internet search engines were used to generate a list of spectator injuries across a variety of sports. Information gathered regarding each specific spectator injury included sport type, injury type, and injury mechanism. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 181 spectator injuries were collected. The sport with the most spectator injuries found was automobile/motorcycle racing (N.=123), followed by cycling (N.=25), cricket (N.=12), baseball (N.=10), and hockey (N.=8). The majority of spectator injuries were related to the sport and not the behavior of the surrounding spectators. Among documented injuries sustained by spectators, automobile/motorcycle racing had the greatest number of mortalities (N.=38), followed by cycling (N.=17), hockey (N.=4), baseball (N.=2), and cricket (N.=1). CONCLUSIONS Although uncommon, spectators at sporting events are at risk for injury. Some of these injuries are serious and even fatal. Future work needs to focus on implementing safety measures to protect spectators while still allowing them to enjoy live sporting events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Read
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher Beaumont
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan Isbell
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex Dombrowsky
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eugene Brabston
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brent Ponce
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Heath Hale
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kennieth Mccollough
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Reed Estes
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amit M Momaya
- UAB Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA -
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A Novel and Safe Approach to Simulate Cutting Movements Using Ground Reaction Forces. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18082631. [PMID: 30103484 PMCID: PMC6111832 DOI: 10.3390/s18082631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Control of shear ground reaction forces (sGRF) is important in performing running and cutting tasks as poor sGRF control has implications for those with knee injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. The goal of this study was to develop a novel and safe task to evaluate control or accurate modulation of shear ground reaction forces related to those generated during cutting. Our approach utilized a force control task using real-time visual feedback of a subject’s force production and evaluated control capabilities through accuracy and divergence measurements. Ten healthy recreational athletes completed the force control task while force control via accuracy measures and divergence calculations was investigated. Participants were able to accurately control sGRF in multiple directions based on error measurements. Forces generated during the task were equal to or greater than those measured during a number of functional activities. We found no significant difference in the divergence of the force profiles using the Lyapunov Exponent of the sGRF trajectories. Participants using our approach produced high accuracy and low divergence force profiles and functional force magnitudes. Moving forward, we will utilize this task in at-risk populations who are unable to complete a cutting maneuver in early stages of rehabilitation, such as ACL deficient and newly reconstructed individuals, allowing insight into force control not obtainable otherwise.
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Sabato TM, Walch TJ, Caine DJ. The elite young athlete: strategies to ensure physical and emotional health. Open Access J Sports Med 2016; 7:99-113. [PMID: 27621677 PMCID: PMC5012846 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s96821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a current review of the risk of physical and psychological injury associated with participation in elite youth sport, and suggests strategies to ensure the physical and emotional health of these young athletes. Although there is lack of epidemiological data, especially with regard to psychological injury, preliminary data suggest that the risk of injury is high in this population. While there is lack of incident and follow-up data, there is also concern regarding burnout, disordered eating, and the long-term consequences of injury. Modifiable injury risk factors identified include postural control, competition anxiety, life events, previous injury, and volume of training. There are presently no studies designed to determine the effectiveness of injury prevention measures in elite youth sports. However, there is adequate evidence arising from injury prevention studies of youth sports participants - including neuromuscular training, protective equipment, mental training to enhance self-esteem, and sport rules modification - to prevent injuries in elite youth sports settings. Although not tested, psychosocial prevention strategies such as adoption of task-oriented coping mechanisms, autonomous support from parents, and a proactive organizational approach also show promise in injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Sabato
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Tanis J Walch
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Dennis J Caine
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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