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Wall J, Cook DL, Meehan WP, Wilson F. Adolescent athlete low back pain diagnoses, characteristics, and management: A retrospective chart review. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:618-623. [PMID: 38981776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise the presentation, treatment, and management of adolescent athlete low back pain (LBP) as diagnosed in a clinical setting. The objectives were to 1) identify diagnoses associated with LBP in adolescent athletes; 2) categorise the differences in LBP diagnosis and presentation by sport, sex, BMI, and age; and 3) examine treatment and management methods of LBP in adolescent athletes. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS This retrospective medical chart review was conducted in the Sports Medicine Division of Boston Children's Hospital (BCH), a tertiary paediatric academic hospital. Data were collected and analysed from 363 adolescent athletes who had experienced LBP between 2015 and 2020. Chi-squared tests for association were used to assess for associations between LBP diagnoses and age, sex, BMI, and sport. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary NC). RESULTS Non-specific LBP was the most common LBP diagnosis amongst 363 adolescent athletes with LBP (34 %). This was closely followed by spondylolysis (28 %). There was a higher proportion of female athletes amongst participants diagnosed with facet-joint related pain (90 %) and SI-joint related pain (89 %) compared to the proportion of female athletes amongst participants diagnosed with spondylolysis (50 %). There was a high rate of diagnostic MRI usage in this cohort. Commonly used management techniques in this cohort were diagnostic MRI, physical therapy, relative rest, and bracing. CONCLUSIONS An awareness of the sex-based differences in adolescent athlete LBP diagnoses may be useful for clinicians. It may be important to refine methods of diagnosis of LBP in this group, as there was a high rate of diagnostic MRI use. Future research should be directed towards the development of management guidelines specific to LBP in adolescent athletes to assist in the optimal management of this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wall
- Trinity College Dublin Discipline of Physiotherapy, Ireland.
| | - Danielle L Cook
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Sports Medicine, United States of America
| | - William P Meehan
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Sports Medicine, United States of America
| | - Fiona Wilson
- Trinity College Dublin Discipline of Physiotherapy, Ireland. https://twitter.com/FionaWilsonf
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Robinson PG, Clarsen B, Murray A, Junge A, Mountjoy ML, Drobny T, Gill L, Gazzano F, Voight M, Dvorak J. A prospective study of injuries and illnesses among 910 amateur golfers during one season. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001844. [PMID: 39092238 PMCID: PMC11293382 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives Our aims were (a) to describe the prevalence and incidence of self-reported injuries and illnesses of amateur golfers over a 5-month period and (b) to investigate potential risk factors for injury. Methods We recruited 910 amateur golfers (733 males [81%] and 177 females [19%]) from golf clubs in the USA and Switzerland. The median age was 60 (IQR: 47-67) and the median golfing handicap was 12 (IQR: 6-18). Participants' health was monitored weekly for 5 months using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems. Players also completed a baseline questionnaire on personal and golf-specific characteristics and their medical history. Results We distributed 19 406 questionnaires and received 11 180 responses (57.6%). The prevalence of injuries was 11.3% (95% CI: 9.8 to 12.8) and of illnesses was 2% (95% CI 1.7 to 2.2). The incidence of injuries and illnesses was 3.79 (95% CI 3.54 to 4.06) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.07) per golfer per year, respectively. The injury regions with the highest burden of injury (time-loss days per player per year) were lumbosacral spine (5.93), shoulder (3.47) and knee (2.08). Injury risk was higher with increased age, osteoarthritis and previous injury. Conclusion The prevalence and incidence of injury and illness in amateur golf were low compared with many other sports. To further reduce the burden of injury, future research attention should be directed towards the lumbosacral spine, knee and shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gordon Robinson
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Edinburgh, UK
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Health and Function, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Andrew Murray
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre Illness and Injury Prevention in Sport, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Margo Lynn Mountjoy
- Family Medicine, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Committee, International Golf Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Drobny
- Swiss Golf Medical Center, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lance Gill
- LG Performance, Oceanside, California, USA
- Titleist Performance Institute, Oceanside, California, USA
| | | | - Mike Voight
- School of Physical Therapy, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Golf Medical Center, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland
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Edouard P, Mulenga D, Dandrieux PE, Salati F, Wallace J, Owoeye O. Coverage from medical teams and injury/illness epidemiology within youth athletics in Africa: A prospective study during the 2023 African Youth Under 18/20 Athletics Championships. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00255-X. [PMID: 39153872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe athletes' coverage by national medical teams, and injuries and illnesses occurring during the four weeks before and during the 2023 African Youth Under 18/20 Athletics Championships. DESIGN Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study design. METHODS We conducted a study with data collection of: 1) national medical teams, 2) injury and illness complaints during the four weeks preceding the championships using an online pre-participation health questionnaire, and 3) newly incurred in-championship injuries and illnesses collected by national medical teams and the local organising committee using daily standardised online report forms, for all registered athletes at the championships. RESULTS Among the 43 countries participating at the championships, 15 (34.9 %) countries had a medical team with at least one medical personnel. Of the 15 countries, 6 (40.0 %) countries had at least one physiotherapist and one physician, 4 (26.7 %) countries had only physiotherapist(s), and 5 (33.3 %) countries had only physician(s). Nine (60 %) countries participated in the injury surveillance study, including 397 athletes: 61 (15.4 %) completed the pre-participation health questionnaire and 11 athletes (18.0 %) reported an injury complaint and 6 (9.8 %) an illness complaint during the four weeks before the championships. During the championships, there were 52.9 injuries and 50.4 illnesses per 1000 registered athletes. The main injury location was the thigh (33.3 %), and the main injury type was the muscle (47.6 %). The most common system affected by illness was the upper respiratory tract (55.0 %), and the main illness cause was idiopathic (50.0 %). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study provides foundational information to improve medical coverage and services during international championships, and orient injury/illness prevention in youth athletics across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- University Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France; European Athletics Medical & Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Davie Mulenga
- Department of Physiotherapy, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Sports Physiotherapy Association of Zambia (SPAZ), Zambia
| | - Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- University Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Saint-Etienne, France; Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Jessica Wallace
- Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Oluwatoyosi Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, USA
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Steffen K, Bahr R, Clarsen B, Fossan B, Fredriksen H, Gjelsvik H, Haugvad L, Hoksrud AF, Iversen E, Koivisto-Mørk A, Moen E, Røstad V, Reier-Nilsen T, Torgalsen T, Berge HM. Comprehensive periodic health evaluations of 454 Norwegian Paralympic and Olympic athletes over 8 years: what did we learn? Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:826-835. [PMID: 38744502 PMCID: PMC11287577 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A periodic health evaluation (PHE) is a comprehensive and multidisciplinary investigation of athlete health widely used in elite sport, but its contents and benefits can be questioned. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of conditions identified by a PHE among Paralympic and Olympic athletes over four consecutive Games cycles from Rio de Janeiro 2016 to Beijing 2022 and to assess the benefits and potential pitfalls of a comprehensive PHE programme in detecting existing injuries, illnesses and other health issues. METHODS We collected extensive health history and clinical examination data on elite athletes: medical history, ECG, blood pressure, blood samples, spirometry, musculoskeletal health, cognitive function, mental health and compliance with public health programmes. RESULTS The final cohort included 87 Paralympic and 367 Olympic athletes, representing 565 PHE cycles. Musculoskeletal problems and unspecified pain, infections and allergies were the most frequent health issues. High blood pressure was the most prevalent cardiovascular finding, and vitamin D deficiency the most common laboratory abnormality. Most athletes complied with the public childhood vaccination programmes, but fewer with recommended cancer screening. Follow-up of health issues was variable. CONCLUSION Our PHE programme identified musculoskeletal problems, infections, allergies, elevated blood pressure and vitamin D deficiency as common health conditions. Longitudinal follow-up of health conditions identified during screening and improved compliance with public health and cancer screening programmes is needed to determine the true benefits of athlete care prompted by the PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Steffen
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Insitute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Insitute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Insitute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Fossan
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Fredriksen
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Gjelsvik
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Haugvad
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Erik Iversen
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ellen Moen
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Røstad
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Thomas Torgalsen
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Moseby Berge
- Olympiatoppen, The Norwegian Olympic Training Center, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Insitute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Bjørneboe J, Heen A, Borud E, Bahr R, Clarsen B, Norheim AJ. Introducing a new method to record injuries during military training: a prospective study among 296 young Norwegian conscripts. BMJ Mil Health 2024; 170:101-106. [PMID: 35649689 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2022-002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most epidemiological studies in the field of military medicine have been based on data from medical records and registries. The aims of this study were to test a self-reporting injury surveillance system commonly used in sports medicine in a military setting, and to describe the injury pattern among Norwegian army conscripts during a period of military training. METHOD A total of 296 conscripts in His Majesty the King's Guard were asked to report all injuries each week for 12 weeks, using a modification of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2). We recorded all injuries irrespective of their need for medical attention or consequences for military participation. In addition, we retrieved data on injuries recorded by military physicians in the medical record from the Norwegian Armed Forces Health Register. RESULTS The mean weekly response rate was 74%. A total of 357 injuries were recorded, of which 82% were only captured through the OSTRC-H2 and 3% only in the medical records. The average weekly prevalence of injury was 28% (95% CI: 25% to 31%), and 10% (95% CI: 8% to 12%) experienced injuries with a substantial negative impact on training and performance. The greatest injury burden was caused by lower limb injuries, with knee and foot injuries as the predominant injury locations. CONCLUSION The OSTRC-H2 is suitable for use in a military setting and records substantially more injuries than the standard medical record. The prevalence of injuries among conscripts is high and comparable with many elite sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bjørneboe
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Heen
- Norwegian Army, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Borud
- Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Ullensaker, Norway
- Institute of Community Medicine, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R Bahr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Clarsen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - A-J Norheim
- Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Ullensaker, Norway
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Brownlow M, Wootten M, McCaig S, Taylor A, Webborn N, Bennett P, Wass J, Ibrahim D, Ranson C. Year-round injury and illness surveillance in UK summer paralympic sport athletes: 2016-2019. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:320-327. [PMID: 38253433 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the priority injuries and illnesses across UK summer Paralympic World Class Programmes (WCP). METHODS Four years (2016-2019) of electronic medical records from 360 athletes across 17 Paralympic WCP sports were analysed. Methods were based on the 2021 International Paralympic Committee translation of the original 2020 International Olympic Committee consensus statement for epidemiological recording and reporting. This included reporting incidence (count of injury per athlete year) and burden (time loss days per athlete year) of injuries by impairment category. RESULTS 836 injuries and 453 illnesses were recorded during the surveillance period, accounting for 34 638 and 10 032 time-loss days, respectively. 216 (60%) athletes reported at least one injury, while 171 (47.5%) reported at least one illness. There were 0.9 injuries per athlete year, resulting in a mean injury burden of 38.1 days per athlete year. The lumbar/pelvis, shoulder and thoracic/ribs body region had the greatest incidence whereas the shoulder, lumbar/pelvis and wrist had the greatest injury burden. All impairment categories had shoulder or lumbar/pelvis as the body region with the greatest incidence, however the burden of body areas did not always reflect the incidence. Athletes reported 0.5 illnesses per athlete year, resulting in an average illness burden of 11.3 days per athlete year. The respiratory, gastrointestinal, dermatological and genitourinary organ systems had the greatest illness incidence. CONCLUSIONS To optimise health and performance in Paralympic sport athletes, system-wide mitigation initiatives should target priority injury problems occurring in the lumbar/pelvis, shoulder, thoracic spine/ribs and wrist. Illness types causing the greatest burden vary with impairment group, and illness mitigation initiatives should consider athlete impairment types in their design, while continuing to note the high incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness across all impairments. Further research should examine associated risk factors and the influence of impairment categorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nick Webborn
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- British Paralympic Association, London, UK
| | - Pippa Bennett
- UK Sports Institute, Manchester, UK
- British Paralympic Association, London, UK
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Edouard P, Dandrieux PE, Blanco D, Tondut J, Chapon J, Navarro L, Junge A, Hollander K. How do sports injury epidemiological outcomes vary depending on athletes' response rates to a weekly online questionnaire? An analysis of 39-week follow-up from 391 athletics (track and field) athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14589. [PMID: 38441349 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how sports injury epidemiological outcomes (i.e., prevalence, average prevalence, incidence, burden, and time to first injury) vary depending on the response rates to a weekly online self-reported questionnaire for athletes. METHODS Weekly information on athletics injuries and exposure from 391 athletics (track and field) athletes was prospectively collected over 39 weeks (control group of the PREVATHLE randomized controlled trial) using an online self-reported questionnaire. The data were used to calculate sports injury epidemiological outcomes (i.e., prevalence, average prevalence, incidence, burden, and time to first injury) for sub-groups with different minimum individual athletes' response rates (i.e., from at least 100%, at least 97%, at least 95%, … to at least 0% response rate). We then calculated the relative variation between each sub-group and the sub-group with a 100% response rate as a reference. A substantial variation was considered when the relative variation was greater than one SD or 95% CI of the respective epidemiological outcome calculated in the sub-group with a 100% response rate. RESULTS Of 15 249 expected weekly questionnaires, 7209 were completed and returned, resulting in an overall response rate of 47.3%. The individual athletes' response rates ranged from 0% (n = 51) to 100% (n = 100). The prevalence, average weekly prevalence, and time to first injury only varied substantially for the sub-groups below a 5%, 10% and 18% minimum individual response rate, respectively. The incidence and injury burden showed substantial variations for all sub-groups with a response rate below 100%. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological outcomes varied depending on the minimum individual athletes' response rate, with injury prevalence, average weekly prevalence, and time to first injury varying less than injury incidence and injury burden. This highlights the need to take into account the individual response rate when calculating epidemiological outcomes, and determining the optimal study-specific cut-offs of the minimum individual response rate needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- European Athletics Medical & Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Mines Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Blanco
- Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeanne Tondut
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Mines Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Joris Chapon
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurent Navarro
- Mines Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Health in Performing Arts, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Pinheiro LSP, Silva A, Madaleno FO, Verhagen E, de Mello MT, Ocarino JM, Resende RA. Prevalence and incidence of health problems and their characteristics in Brazilian para athletes: A one-season single-center prospective pilot study. Disabil Health J 2024; 17:101511. [PMID: 37612205 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Para athletes experience high prevalence and incidence of health problems related to sport. Despite this, there are few longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics, prevalence, incidence, and severity of health problems in para athletes from one of the Brazilian Paralympic Reference Centers during a sports season and to compare the prevalence of health problems between para athletics, para powerlifting, and para swimming. METHODS This prospective pilot study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems was used to record injuries and illnesses every week for 24 weeks. The characteristics, prevalence, incidence, and severity of health problems were described for each modality. The prevalence of health problems was compared among the three sport modalities. RESULTS Thirty-five para athletes participated. Most of the injuries occurred in the shoulder, and most illnesses caused respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The average weekly prevalence and the incidence rate of health problems were 40.6% (95% CI 17.0-64.4) and 12.7 (95% CI 9.6-15.9) per 1000 athlete hours, respectively. Para powerlifting had the highest prevalence of all and substantial health problems; para swimming had the lowest prevalence of injuries; and para athletics had the lowest prevalence of illnesses. CONCLUSIONS This group of Brazilian para athletes showed a high prevalence and incidence of health problems throughout the season. Para athletics, para powerlifting, and para swimming each had a different prevalence of injuries and illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Santos Pinto Pinheiro
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Sports, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Madaleno
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Tulio de Mello
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Sports, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo Ocarino
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renan Alves Resende
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Vella S, Bolling C, Verhagen E, Moore IS. 'After they see what you have, they contact you': a qualitative study of national team football players', coaches' and clinicians' experiences in engaging with a context-specific injury surveillance system. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2023:1-12. [PMID: 38054439 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2290077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports injury surveillance systems aid injury prevention, but their development without considering end-users' perspectives has led to low adherence and honesty in self-reporting by players, compromising their effectiveness. Context-specific injury surveillance systems have been proposed to address these challenges, but there is a limited understanding of stakeholders' perceptions and experiences in using them. OBJECTIVE Following the implementation of a context-specific injury surveillance system with 100% player adherence over 60 weeks, the study aimed to investigate Under-21 Maltese national football team players', coaches' and clinicians' experiences of how and why they engaged with the system. METHOD Seventeen semi-structured interviews with Under-21 Maltese male national football team players (n = 12), their coaches (n = 3) and clinicians (n = 2) were conducted. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants highlighted questionnaire-related factors that motivated engagement with the context-specific injury surveillance system (theme 1) and factors influencing further engagement with the system based on stakeholders' actions (theme 2). Perceived outcomes experienced as a result of engaging with the injury surveillance system (theme 3), in turn, motivated players to continue reporting and engaging with the system. CONCLUSION To encourage players' sustained reporting, injury-related information collected from well-designed questionnaires should serve to stimulate communication and teamwork among stakeholders, to prevent injuries and enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Vella
- Malta Football Association, Millenium Stand, National Stadium, Ta' Qali, Malta
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Malta Football Association, Millenium Stand, National Stadium, Ta' Qali, Malta
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Sarah Moore
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Koivisto-Mørk AE, Steffen K, Finnes TE, Pretorius M, Berge HM. High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1246828. [PMID: 38033657 PMCID: PMC10684761 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1246828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low bone mineral density (BMD) increases the risk of bone stress injuries (BSI) and is one of several clinical concerns in Para athlete sports medicine. However, whether bone microarchitecture is altered in Para athletes is not known. Objective We aimed to investigate BMD, bone microarchitecture and incidence of bone stress injuries in Norwegian elite Para athletes. Design In this cross-sectional study in Para athletes, Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (iDXA, Lunar, GE Health Care) derived areal BMD, trabecular bone score (TBS), a surrogate marker for bone microarchitecture, and body composition (body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), fat percentage) were investigated and compared between ambulant and non-ambulant athletes. Also, the association between BMD, TBS and body composition variables was investigated. Incidence of BSI was assessed with a questionnaire and confirmed by a sports physician in a clinical interview. BMD Z-score <-1 was defined as low and ≤-2 as osteoporotic. TBS ≥ 1.31 was normal, 1.23-1.31 intermediate and <1.23 low. Results Among 38 athletes (26 ± 6 yrs, 14 females), BMD Z-score was low in 19 athletes, and osteoporotic in 11 athletes' lumbar spine (LS) or femoral neck (FN). BMD was lower in non-ambulant vs. ambulant athletes both in LS (1.13 ± 0.19 vs. 1.25 ± 0.14 g/cm2, p = 0.030) and FN (0.90 ± 0.15 vs. 1.07 ± 0.16 g/cm2, p = 0.003). TBS was normal for all athletes. BMD Z-score in LS was positively associated with TBS (r = 0.408, p = 0.013), body weight (r = 0.326, p = 0.046) and lean body mass (r = 0.414, p = 0.010), but not with fat mass or fat percentage. None of the athletes reported any BSI. Conclusions Half of the Norwegian elite Para athletes had low BMD, and 29% had BMD Z-score <-2 suggesting osteoporosis. Non-ambulant athletes were more prone to low BMD than ambulant athletes. However, despite high prevalence of low BMD, TBS was normal in all athletes, and BSI was absent in this young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu E. Koivisto-Mørk
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian Sports Medicine Centre (Idrettens Helsesenter), Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrin Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine E. Finnes
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Endocrinology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway
| | - Mikkel Pretorius
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Moseby Berge
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Anderson T, Cali MG, Clark SC, Hasley I, Larson EG, Noble-Taylor KE, Robinson DM, Post E, Finnoff JT, Adams WM. Team USA injury and illness incidence at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. Br J Sports Med 2023:bjsports-2023-107185. [PMID: 37890965 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the injury and illness incidence from Team USA athletes from the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games and assess any sex-based differences or differences between Olympic and Paralympic athletes. METHODS Team USA Olympic (n=231, 48.5% female) and Team USA Paralympic (n=63, 22.2% female) athletes had medical encounters documented during the Games. Injuries and illnesses were defined according to the 2020 International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement and reviewed for accuracy by a physician. Incidence rates were calculated per 1000 athlete-days and further analysed by sex, sport, anatomical location, type of illness, injury event and injury mechanism, with incident rate ratios (IRRs) used for group comparisons. RESULTS There were no differences in illness (Olympic illness, IRR=0.99 (95% CI 0.48 to 2.07), p=0.998; Paralympic illness, IRR=1.43 (95% CI 0.41 to 4.97), p=0.572) or injury rates (Olympic injury, IRR=0.63 (95% CI 0.39 to 1.03), p=0.062; Paralympic injury, IRR=1.01 (95% CI 0.43 to 2.35), p=0.988) between male and female (reference group) athletes. However, Olympic athletes had significantly lower illness (IRR=0.41 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.76), p=0.003) and injury (IRR=0.56 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.87), p=0.009) risks compared with Paralympic athletes. CONCLUSION No significant sex-related differences in injury or illness were detected in Team USA Olympic or Paralympic participating in the 2022 Beijing Winter Games. However, Paralympic athletes exhibited higher rates of injury and illness compared with their Olympic counterparts. This study highlights delegation-specific epidemiological data which may facilitate more focused approaches for injury and illness prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Anderson
- Department of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Malia G Cali
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie C Clark
- Family Medicine, Rehabilitation and Performance Medicine Swedish Medical Group, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ike Hasley
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily G Larson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kayle E Noble-Taylor
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David M Robinson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Post
- Department of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathan T Finnoff
- Department of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - William M Adams
- Department of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
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12
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Torvaldsson K, Lindblom H, Sonesson S, Senorski EH, Stigson H, Tamm L, Sandberg J, Hägglund M. Swedish Olympic athletes report one injury insurance claim every second year: a 22-year insurance registry-based cohort study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:4607-4617. [PMID: 37452831 PMCID: PMC10471666 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe injury incidence, time trends in injury incidence, and injury characteristics among Swedish Olympic athletes over 22 years based on insurance data, as a first step to inform injury preventive measures among Olympic athletes. METHODS The cohort comprised 762 elite athletes (54% males; age 26.5 ± 5.9 years) in 38 sports in the Swedish Olympic Committee support program 'Top and Talent' between 1999 and 2020, with total 3427 athlete-years included. Acute and gradual onset injuries were reported to the insurance registry by the athletes' medical staff. RESULTS A total of 1635 injuries in 468 athletes were registered. The overall injury incidence was 47.7 injuries/100 athlete-years (one injury per athlete every second year). An increasing trend in injury incidence was observed in the first decade 2001 to 2010 (annual change 6.0%, 95% CI 3.3-8.8%), while in the second decade 2011 to 2020 no change was evident (0.4%, 95% CI - 1.9 to 2.7%). Gymnastics, tennis, and athletics had the highest incidence (100.0, 99.3, and 93.4 injuries/100 athlete-years, respectively). Among sport categories, mixed and power sports had the highest incidence (72.8 and 69.5 injuries/100 athlete-years, respectively). Higher incidences were seen in the younger age groups (≤ 25 years) in mixed and skill sports. The injury incidence was comparable between male and female athletes, and summer and winter sports. Most injuries occurred in the lower limb, and specifically the knee (24%), foot/ankle (15%) and spine/pelvis (13%). CONCLUSION The results on injury patterns in different sports and age groups may guide preventive focus for health and performance teams working with Olympic athletes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Torvaldsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Lindblom
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofi Sonesson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eric Hamrin Senorski
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Stigson
- Folksam Research, Folksam Insurance Group, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lykke Tamm
- Swedish Olympic Committee, Sofiatornet, Olympiastadion, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Sandberg
- Swedish Olympic Committee, Sofiatornet, Olympiastadion, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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13
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Ranson C, Wootten M, Biswas A, Herrington L, Gallimore D, Jackson PD, Taylor A, Spencer S, Hull JH, McCaig S. Year-round longitudinal health surveillance in UK Olympic Summer Sport Athletes 2016-2019. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:836-841. [PMID: 36693713 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the priority injury and illness types across UK summer Olympic World Class Programme sports to inform development, implementation and evaluation of associated injury risk mitigation and management initiatives. METHODS Four years (2016-2019) of electronic medical records of 1247 athletes from 22 sports were analysed and reported using methods based on the 2020 International Olympic Committee consensus statement for epidemiological recording and reporting. RESULTS 3562 injuries and 1218 illness were recorded, accounting for 146 156 and 27 442 time-loss days. Overall, 814 (65%) athletes reported at least one injury, while 517 (41%) reported at least one illness. There were 1.3 injuries per athlete year resulting in a mean burden of 54.1 days per athlete year. The lumbar/pelvis, knee, ankle and shoulder body regions had the highest incidence and burden. Athletes reported 0.5 illnesses per athlete year, resulting in a mean burden of 10.4 days per athlete year, with most composed of respiratory illness and gastroenteritis. Injuries within sport groups were representative of the injury risk profile for those sports (eg, knee, hand and head injuries had the highest incidence in combat sports), but respiratory illnesses were consistently the greatest problem for each sport group. CONCLUSIONS To optimise availability for training and performance, systematic risk mitigation and management initiatives should target priority injury problems occurring in the lumbar/pelvis, knee, ankle and shoulder, and respiratory illness. Follow-up analysis should include identification of sport-specific priority health problems and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James H Hull
- English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
- UCL, London, UK
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14
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Why Median Severity and Ordinal Scale Severity Values should not be used for Injury Burden Results: A Critical Review. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:313-319. [PMID: 36669525 DOI: 10.1055/a-1983-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Injury burden is a composite measure of injury incidence and mean severity; this parameter has been reported as an output measure from injury surveillance studies in rugby for over 20 years. The benefits of reporting injury burden results have, more recently, been recognised in other sports. This wider use of injury burden as an output measure from injury surveillance studies has, however, highlighted misunderstandings about how to calculate, present and interpret injury burden data. The aim of this critical review is to explain why median severity and ordinal severity scales should not be used to calculate and report injury burden results in injury surveillance studies. Equations are presented to show how injury burden results should be calculated, and graphs and tables are presented to explain the errors that are introduced when median severity and ordinal scales of severity are used instead of mean severity. This critical review is intended to highlight the correct procedures for calculating, reporting and interpreting injury burden results in order to avoid incorrect results, conclusions and injury prevention recommendations being published.
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15
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Derman W, Runciman P, Eken M, Boer PH, Blauwet C, Bogdos M, Idrisova G, Jordaan E, Kissick J, LeVan P, Lexell J, Mohammadi F, Patricio M, Schwellnus M, Webborn N, Willick SE, Yagishita K. Incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games held during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study of 66 045 athlete days. Br J Sports Med 2022; 57:bjsports-2022-106312. [PMID: 36588431 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, which was organised with strict COVID-19 countermeasures. METHODS Daily illnesses were recorded via the web-based injury and illness surveillance system (teams with their own medical staff; n=81), and local polyclinic services (teams without their own medical staff; n=81). Illness proportion, incidence and burden were reported for all illnesses and in subgroups by sex, age, competition period, sports and physiological system. RESULTS 4403 athletes (1853 female and 2550 male) from 162 countries were monitored for the 15-day period of the Tokyo Paralympic Games (66 045 athlete days). The overall incidence of illnesses per 1000 athlete days was 4.2 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.8; 280 illnesses). The highest incidences were in wheelchair tennis (7.1), shooting (6.1) and the new sport of badminton (5.9). A higher incidence was observed in female compared with male athletes (5.1 vs 3.6; p=0.005), as well as during the precompetition versus competition period (7.0 vs 3.5; p<0.0001). Dermatological and respiratory illnesses had the highest incidence (1.1 and 0.8, respectively). Illness burden was 4.9 days per 1000 athlete days and 23% of illnesses resulted in time loss from training/competition>1 day. CONCLUSION The incidence of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was the lowest yet to be recorded in either the summer or winter Paralympic Games. Dermatological and respiratory illnesses were the most common, with the burden of respiratory illness being the highest, largely due to time loss associated with COVID-19 cases. Infection countermeasures appeared successful in reducing respiratory and overall illness, suggesting implementation in future Paralympic Games may mitigate illness risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- IOC Research Center, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Phoebe Runciman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maaike Eken
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pieter-Henk Boer
- Department of Human Movement Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manos Bogdos
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Nestor Psychogeriatric Society, Athens, Greece
| | - Guzel Idrisova
- Sport and Health, Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Esme Jordaan
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James Kissick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philipe LeVan
- Pôle Médical, Institut National des Sports de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
| | - Jan Lexell
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fariba Mohammadi
- Department of Sport Medicine, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Marcelo Patricio
- Trauma Observatory, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- IOC Research Center, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nick Webborn
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stuart E Willick
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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16
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Edouard P, Junge A, Alonso JM, Timpka T, Branco P, Hollander K. Having an injury complaint during the four weeks before an international athletics (‘track and field’) championship more than doubles the risk of sustaining an injury during the respective championship: a cohort study on 1095 athletes during 7 international championships. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:986-994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Briand J, Deguire S, Gaudet S, Bieuzen F. Monitoring Variables Influence on Random Forest Models to Forecast Injuries in Short-Track Speed Skating. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:896828. [PMID: 35911375 PMCID: PMC9329998 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.896828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries limit the athletes' ability to participate fully in their training and competitive process. They are detrimental to performance, affecting the athletes psychologically while limiting physiological adaptations and long-term development. This study aims to present a framework for developing random forest classifier models, forecasting injuries in the upcoming 1 to 7 days, to assist the performance support staff in reducing injuries and maximizing performance within the Canadian National Female Short-Track Speed Skating Program. Forty different variables monitored daily over two seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) were used to develop two sets of forecasting models. One includes only training load variables (TL), and a second (ALL) combines a wide array of monitored variables (neuromuscular function, heart rate variability, training load, psychological wellbeing, past injury type, and location). The sensitivity (ALL: 0.35 ± 0.19, TL: 0.23 ± 0.03), specificity (ALL: 0.81 ± 0.05, TL: 0.74 ± 0.03) and Matthews Correlation Coefficients (MCC) (ALL: 0.13 ± 0.05, TL: -0.02 ± 0.02) were computed. Paired T-test on the MCC revealed statistically significant (p < 0.01) and large positive effects (Cohen d > 1) for the ALL forecasting models' MCC over every forecasting window (1 to 7 days). These models were highly determined by the athletes' training completion, lower limb and trunk/lumbar injury history, as well as sFatigue, a training load marker. The TL forecasting models' MCC suggests they do not bring any added value to forecast injuries. Combining a wide array of monitored variables and quantifying the injury etiology conceptual components significantly improve the injury forecasting performance of random forest models. The ALL forecasting models' performances are promising, especially on one time windows of one or two days, with sensitivities and specificities being respectively above 0.5 and 0.7. They could add value to the decision-making process for the support staff in order to assist the Canadian National Female Team Short-Track Speed Skating program in reducing the number of incomplete training days, which could potentially increase performance. On longer forecasting time windows, ALL forecasting models' sensitivity and MCC decrease gradually. Further work is needed to determine if such models could be useful for forecasting injuries over three days or longer.
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18
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Teunissen LPJ, Jansen KMB, Janssen E, Kingma BRM, de Korte JQ, Eijsvogels TMH. Impact of different climatic conditions on peak core temperature of elite athletes during exercise in the heat: a Thermo Tokyo simulation study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001313. [PMID: 35813127 PMCID: PMC9234798 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate how separate and combined climatic parameters affect peak core temperature during exercise in the heat using computer simulations fed with individual data. Methods The impact of eight environmental conditions on rectal temperature (Tre) was determined for exercise under heat stress using the Fiala-thermal-Physiology-and-Comfort simulation model. Variations in ambient temperature (Ta±6°C), relative humidity (RH±15%) and solar radiation (SR+921 W/m2) were assessed in isolation and combination (worst-case/best-case scenarios) and compared with baseline (Ta32°C, RH 75%, SR 0 W/m2). The simulation model was fed with personal, anthropometric and individual exercise characteristics. Results 54 athletes exercised for 46±10 min at baseline conditions and achieved a peak core temperature of 38.9±0.5°C. Simulations at a higher Ta (38°C) and SR (921 W/m2) resulted in a higher peak Tre compared with baseline (+0.6±0.3°C and +0.5±0.2°C, respectively), whereas a higher RH (90%) hardly affected peak Tre (+0.1±0.1°C). A lower Ta (26°C) and RH (60%) reduced peak Tre by −0.4±0.2°C and a minor −0.1±0.1°C, respectively. The worst-case simulation yielded a 1.5±0.4°C higher Tre than baseline and 2.0±0.7°C higher than the best-case condition. Conclusion Combined unfavourable climatic conditions produce a greater increase in peak core temperature than the sum of its parts in elite athletes exercising in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart P J Teunissen
- Department of Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kaspar M B Jansen
- Department of Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Janssen
- Department of Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Boris R M Kingma
- Department of Training & Performance Innovations, TNO, Unit Defence, Safety & Security, Soesterberg, The Netherlands
| | - Johannus Q de Korte
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Wu F, Liu Y, Zhuang M. Lessons from the Winter Paralympic Games disclosing the epidemiology of winter sports injury in paralytic athletes: a meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:53. [PMID: 35351197 PMCID: PMC8966185 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the incidence rate of the injury in Winter Paralympic Games was summarized. Besides, to testify the underlying factors of injury incidence heterogeneity, the difference of these events incidence between different Paralympic Winter Games was investigated by meta regression analysis. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for full-text publications on sports related injury in Winter Paralympic Games. And meta-regression was used to analyze the heterogeneity. RESULTS Four studies were included. The incidence of sports related injury was 0.21 (95% CI 0.15-0.31) in all items, 0.22 in female athletes (95% CI 0.12-0.32), and 0.21 in male athletes (95% CI 0.11-0.30), respectively. The incidence of sports related injury was 0.10 (95% CI 0.08-0.12) in alpine skiing, 0.01 (95% CI 0-0.02) in Nordic skiing, and 0.22 in sledge hockey (95% CI 0.05-0.40). Meta-regression suggested the year and the host country couldn't influence the injury incidence. CONCLUSION The present study summarized the incidence of sports related injury in Winter Paralympic Games, indicated similar injury risk between female athletes and male athletes, and accentuated the careful protection on sledge hockey. This study pointed out that sledge hockey with the highest risk of sports related injury should draw great attention to improve the corresponding protective measures to decrease its injury probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Wu
- School of sport science, Harbin University of Physical Education, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Graduate School, Harbin University of Physical Education, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Maohua Zhuang
- Physical Education and Training, Harbin University of Physical Education, No. 1 Dacheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150008, China.
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20
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Edouard P, Steffen K, Peuriere M, Gardet P, Navarro L, Blanco D. Effect of an Unsupervised Exercises-Based Athletics Injury Prevention Programme on Injury Complaints Leading to Participation Restriction in Athletics: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111334. [PMID: 34769849 PMCID: PMC8583284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To test the efficacy of the Athletics Injury Prevention Programme (AIPP) to reduce the percentage of athletes presenting at least one injury complaint leading to participation restriction (ICPR) over an athletics season. Methods: During the 2017–2018 athletics season, we included in this cluster randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03307434) 840 athletes randomly assigned (randomisation unit: athletic clubs) to a control group (regular training) or to an intervention group (regular training plus the AIPP 2/week). Using a weekly online questionnaire, athletes reported the ICPR, training and competition exposures, and, for the intervention group, the compliance with the AIPP. The primary outcome was the percentage of athletes presenting at least one ICPR over the study follow-up. Results: A total of 449 and 391 athletes were included in the intervention and control groups, respectively. From them, 68 (15.1%) and 100 (25.6%) athletes, respectively, provided 100% of the requested information during the follow-up (39 weeks). A total of 6 (8.8%) performed the AIPP 2/week or more. The proportion of athletes who had at least one ICPR over the follow-up period was similar in the intervention (64.7%) and control groups (65.0%), with adjusted odds ratios: 0.81 (95% CI 0.36 to 1.85). There were no between-group differences when comparing separately the subgroups corresponding with the different compliance levels. Conclusion: This cluster randomised controlled trial reported no efficacy of the AIPP. However, the overall response proportion and the compliance with the AIPP in the intervention group were low. In individual sports especially, efforts should be first made to improve the implementation and adoption of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-477-127-985; Fax: +33-477-127-229
| | - Kathrin Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Marie Peuriere
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation (DRCI), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | | | - Laurent Navarro
- Mines Saint-Etienne, U1059 Sainbiose, INSERM, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - David Blanco
- Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
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Steffen K, Clarsen B, Gjelsvik H, Haugvad L, Koivisto-Mørk A, Bahr R, Berge HM. Illness and injury among Norwegian Para athletes over five consecutive Paralympic Summer and Winter Games cycles: prevailing high illness burden on the road from 2012 to 2020. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:204-212. [PMID: 34607800 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the illness and injury pattern of Norwegian Para athletes over five consecutive Paralympic Summer and Winter Games cycles and to identify which health problems should be targeted in risk management plans with respect to impairment types. METHODS We monitored athletes from 12 to 18 months prior to each Game using a weekly online questionnaire (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center-H2 (OSTRC-H2)). We asked them to report all health problems they had experienced in the preceding 7 days, irrespective of their consequences on their sports participation or performance and whether they had sought medical attention. RESULTS Between 2011 and 2020, 94 candidate athletes were included in this monitoring programme and prepared to represent Norway; of these, 66 (71%) were finally selected for multiple Paralympic Games. The overall response rate to the weekly questionnaires was 87%. At any given time during the five observation cycles, 37% of the athletes (95% CI 36% to 38%) reported having at least one health problem. Athletes with neurological impairments (n=51) lost 10 days per year due to respiratory problems (95% CI 9 to 11) compared with 9 days (8-10) among those with musculoskeletal impairments (n=37). Gastrointestinal problems caused a time loss of on average 4 days per year in athletes with neurological impairments versus 1 day in athletes with musculoskeletal impairments (mean difference 2.7 days, 2.1-3.3). Musculoskeletal injuries generated a high burden for both athlete groups, in particular, to the elbow, shoulder and lumbosacral regions. CONCLUSION At any given time, nearly two out of five elite Norwegian Para athletes reported at least one health problem. Respiratory tract and other infections; gastrointestinal problems, injuries to the shoulder, elbow and lumbosacral regions represented the greatest health burden. Our findings can help guide the allocation of clinical resources, which should include a broad network of medical specialists, together with dieticians and physiotherapists, to meet the health challenges in Para athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway .,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen), Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen), Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Gjelsvik
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen), Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Haugvad
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen), Oslo, Norway
| | - Anu Koivisto-Mørk
- Department of Nutrition, Norwegian Olympic Training Centre (Olympiatoppen), Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen), Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Moseby Berge
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian Olympic Training Center (Olympiatoppen), Oslo, Norway
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