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Rasheed OK, Buhl C, Evans JT, Holley D, Ryter KT. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Trehalose-based Bi-aryl Derivatives as C-type Lectin Ligands. Tetrahedron 2023; 132:133241. [PMID: 36874612 PMCID: PMC9979692 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The identification of Mincle as the C-type lectin receptor on innate immune cells responsible for binding TDM and the realization that this receptor could be key to productive vaccines for mycobacterial infection has raised interest in the development of synthetic Mincle ligands as novel adjuvants. We recently reported on the synthesis and evaluation of Brartemicin analog UM-1024 that demonstrated Mincle agonist activity, exhibiting potent Th1/Th17 adjuvant activity that was greater than that of trehalose dibehenate (TDB). Our pursuit to understand Mincle/ligand relationships and improve the pharmacologic properties of the ligands has expanded and continues to reveal new and exciting structure activity relationships. Herein we report the synthesis of novel bi-aryl trehalose derivatives in good to excellent yields. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to engage the human Mincle receptor and tested for the induction of cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these novel bi-aryl derivatives revealed that bi-aryl trehalose ligand 3D showed relatively high potency in cytokine production in comparison to trehalose glycolipid adjuvant TDB and the natural ligand TDM and induced dose-dependent, Mincle selective stimulation in hMincle HEK reporter cells. Also, through computational studies, we provide an insight into the potential mode of binding of 6,6'-Biaryl trehalose compounds on human Mincle receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer K. Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 campus drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, United States
- Current address: Inimmune Corp., 1121 E. Broadway St, Missoula, MT, 59808, United States
| | - Cassandra Buhl
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 campus drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Jay T. Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 campus drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - David Holley
- Center for Bimolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Kendal T. Ryter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 campus drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, United States
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 campus drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, United States
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Kumar V, Kumar S, Sharma PC. Recent advances in the vaccine development for the prophylaxis of SARS Covid-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109175. [PMID: 35994853 PMCID: PMC9381430 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic that has wreaked havoc on public health, lives, and the global economy. The present COVID-19 outbreak has put pressure on the scientific community to develop medications and vaccinations to combat COVID-19. However, according to highly optimistic forecasts, we could not have a COVID-19 vaccine until September 2020. This is due to the fact that a successful COVID-19 vaccine will necessitate a careful validation of effectiveness and adverse reactivity given that the target vaccine population includes high-risk people over 60, particularly those with severe co-morbid conditions, frontline healthcare professionals, and those involved in essential industrial sectors. For passive immunization, which is being considered for Covid-19, there are several platforms for vaccine development, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The COVID-19 pandemic, which is arguably the deadliest in the last 100 years after the Spanish flu, necessitates a swift assessment of the various approaches for their ability to incite protective immunity and safety to prevent unintended immune potentiation, which is crucial to the pathogenesis of this virus. Considering the pandemic's high fatality rate and rapid spread, an efficient vaccination is critical for its management. As a result, academia, industry, and government are collaborating in unprecedented ways to create and test a wide range of vaccinations. In this review, we summarize the Covid-19 vaccine development initiatives, recent trends, difficulties, comparison between traditional vaccines development and Covid-19 vaccines development also listed the approved/authorized, phase-3 and pre-clinical trials Covid-19 vaccines in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Prabodh Chander Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
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Xu AY, Rinee KC, Stemple C, Castellanos MM, Bakshi K, Krueger S, Curtis JE. Counting the water: Characterize the hydration level of aluminum adjuvants using contrast matching small-angle neutron scattering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Barry A, Bottasso OA, Vicco MH. The importance of being scientifically cautious when criticizing the administration of vaccines: ‘retracted’ post truth. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:7-9. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amadou Barry
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy & Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques & Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oscar A Bottasso
- lnstituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Miguel H Vicco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Iyadurai L, Blackwell SE, Meiser-Stedman R, Watson PC, Bonsall MB, Geddes JR, Nobre AC, Holmes EA. Preventing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief intervention involving Tetris computer game play in the emergency department: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:674-682. [PMID: 28348380 PMCID: PMC5822451 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
After psychological trauma, recurrent intrusive visual memories may be distressing and disruptive. Preventive interventions post trauma are lacking. Here we test a behavioural intervention after real-life trauma derived from cognitive neuroscience. We hypothesized that intrusive memories would be significantly reduced in number by an intervention involving a computer game with high visuospatial demands (Tetris), via disrupting consolidation of sensory elements of trauma memory. The Tetris-based intervention (trauma memory reminder cue plus c. 20 min game play) vs attention-placebo control (written activity log for same duration) were both delivered in an emergency department within 6 h of a motor vehicle accident. The randomized controlled trial compared the impact on the number of intrusive trauma memories in the subsequent week (primary outcome). Results vindicated the efficacy of the Tetris-based intervention compared with the control condition: there were fewer intrusive memories overall, and time-series analyses showed that intrusion incidence declined more quickly. There were convergent findings on a measure of clinical post-trauma intrusion symptoms at 1 week, but not on other symptom clusters or at 1 month. Results of this proof-of-concept study suggest that a larger trial, powered to detect differences at 1 month, is warranted. Participants found the intervention easy, helpful and minimally distressing. By translating emerging neuroscientific insights and experimental research into the real world, we offer a promising new low-intensity psychiatric intervention that could prevent debilitating intrusive memories following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iyadurai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S E Blackwell
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - R Meiser-Stedman
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - P C Watson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - M B Bonsall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J R Geddes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - A C Nobre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E A Holmes
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Horsch A, Vial Y, Favrod C, Harari MM, Blackwell SE, Watson P, Iyadurai L, Bonsall MB, Holmes EA. Reducing intrusive traumatic memories after emergency caesarean section: A proof-of-principle randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther 2017; 94:36-47. [PMID: 28453969 PMCID: PMC5466064 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preventative psychological interventions to aid women after traumatic childbirth are needed. This proof-of-principle randomized controlled study evaluated whether the number of intrusive traumatic memories mothers experience after emergency caesarean section (ECS) could be reduced by a brief cognitive intervention. 56 women after ECS were randomized to one of two parallel groups in a 1:1 ratio: intervention (usual care plus cognitive task procedure) or control (usual care). The intervention group engaged in a visuospatial task (computer-game 'Tetris' via a handheld gaming device) for 15 min within six hours following their ECS. The primary outcome was the number of intrusive traumatic memories related to the ECS recorded in a diary for the week post-ECS. As predicted, compared with controls, the intervention group reported fewer intrusive traumatic memories (M = 4.77, SD = 10.71 vs. M = 9.22, SD = 10.69, d = 0.647 [95% CI: 0.106, 1.182]) over 1 week (intention-to-treat analyses, primary outcome). There was a trend towards reduced acute stress re-experiencing symptoms (d = 0.503 [95% CI: -0.032, 1.033]) after 1 week (intention-to-treat analyses). Times series analysis on daily intrusions data confirmed the predicted difference between groups. 72% of women rated the intervention "rather" to "extremely" acceptable. This represents a first step in the development of an early (and potentially universal) intervention to prevent postnatal posttraumatic stress symptoms that may benefit both mother and child. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02502513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Horsch
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Yvan Vial
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Favrod
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Morisod Harari
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon E Blackwell
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Watson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Emily A Holmes
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Huy NX, Tien NQD, Kim MY, Kim TG, Jang YS, Yang MS. Immunogenicity of an S1D epitope from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and cholera toxin B subunit fusion protein transiently expressed in infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2016; 127:369-380. [PMID: 32214565 PMCID: PMC7088629 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-016-1059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes acute enteritis in pigs. A fragment of the large spike glycoprotein, termed the S1D epitope (aa 636-789), alone and fused with cholera toxin B subunit, were independently cloned into plant expression vectors, yielding plasmids pMYV717 and pMYV719, respectively. Plant expression vectors were transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and subsequently infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The highest expression level of S1D was found at 2 days post infiltration (dpi), reached 0.04 % of total soluble protein, and rapidly decreased thereafter. The expression and assembly of CTB-S1D fusion protein were confirmed by Western blot and GM1-ELISA. The highest expression level of CTB-S1D fusion protein was 0.07 % of TSP at 4 dpi, with a rapid decrease thereafter. In the presence of p19 protein from tomato bushy stunt virus, the S1D and CTB-S1D protein levels peaked at 6 dpi and were fourfold to sevenfold higher than in the absence of p19, respectively. After oral administration of transiently expressed CTB-S1D fusion protein, or with bacterial cholera toxin or rice callus expressing mutant cholera toxin 61F, mice exhibited significantly greater serum IgG and sIgA levels against bacterial CTB and S1D antigen, peaking at week 6. Transiently expressed CTB-S1D fusion protein will be administered orally to pigs to assess the immune response against PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Xuan Huy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biology Department, Hue University of Education, 34 Le Loi, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen-Quang-Duc Tien
- Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geum Kim
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Jeongup Industry-Academy-Institute Cooperation, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Dubé E, Laberge C, Guay M, Bramadat P, Roy R, Bettinger JA. Vaccine hesitancy: an overview. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1763-73. [PMID: 23584253 PMCID: PMC3906279 DOI: 10.4161/hv.24657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1142] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being recognized as one of the most successful public health measures, vaccination is perceived as unsafe and unnecessary by a growing number of individuals. Lack of confidence in vaccines is now considered a threat to the success of vaccination programs. Vaccine hesitancy is believed to be responsible for decreasing vaccine coverage and an increasing risk of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and epidemics. This review provides an overview of the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy. First, we will characterize vaccine hesitancy and suggest the possible causes of the apparent increase in vaccine hesitancy in the developed world. Then we will look at determinants of individual decision-making about vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Dubé
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec; Québec, QC Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ); Québec, QC Canada
- Université Laval; Québec City, QC Canada
| | | | - Maryse Guay
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ); Québec, QC Canada
- Université de Sherbrooke; Longueuil, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du CSSS Champlain—Charles-LeMoyne; Longueuil, QC Canada
- Direction de santé publique de la Montérégie; Québec, QC Canada
| | | | - Réal Roy
- University of Victoria; Saanich, BC Canada
| | - Julie A. Bettinger
- University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center; Women’s Health Research Institute; BC Women’s and Children's Hospital; Vancouver, BC Canada
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Jain S, O'Hagan DT, Singh M. The long-term potential of biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles as the next-generation vaccine adjuvant. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 10:1731-42. [PMID: 22085176 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric microparticles of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) have been extensively evaluated for drug delivery and vaccine applications over the last three decades. Despite a wealth of studies on the use of PLG microparticles in vaccines through controlled release of antigens, there is no commercial PLG-based vaccine as yet. The key challenge that prevented the development of PLG microparticles as commercial vaccines was the instability of encapsulated antigen. Over the years, advancements were made towards maintaining antigen integrity during PLG microparticle preparation and sterilization. In parallel and independently, development of PLG microparticles as therapeutic commercial products established PLG with an excellent safety record in humans, and as a suitable candidate for next-generation vaccines. Through the combination of Toll-like receptor agonist encapsulation and surface adsorption of antigen, PLG microparticles can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to address unmet medical needs, such as vaccines against HIV, malaria and TB. With strategic development of PLG-based vaccines, PLG microparticles can offer advantages over the conventional vaccine adjuvants allowing commercial development of this adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Jain
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Wu QJ, Zhu XC, Xiao X, Wang P, Xiong DK, Gong CY, Wang YS, Yang L, Wei YQ. A novel vaccine delivery system: biodegradable nanoparticles in thermosensitive hydrogel. Growth Factors 2011; 29:290-7. [PMID: 21981422 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2011.624517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel vaccine delivery system, biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) in thermosensitive hydrogel, was investigated. Human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-loaded NPs (bFGF-NPs) were prepared, and then bFGF-NPs were incorporated into thermosensitive hydrogel to form bFGF-NPs in a hydrogel composite (bFGF-NPs/hydrogel). bFGF-NPs/hydrogel was an injectable sol at ambient temperature, but was converted into a non-flowing gel at body temperature. The in vitro release profile showed that bFGF could be released from bFGF-NPs or bFGF-NPs/hydrogel at an extended period, but the release rate of bFGF-NPs/hydrogel was much lower. In vivo experiments suggested that immunogenicity of bFGF improved significantly after being incorporated into the NPs/hydrogel composite, and strong humoral immunity was maintained for longer than 12 weeks. Furthermore, an in vivo protective anti-tumor immunity assay indicated that immunization with bFGF-NPs/hydrogel could induce significant suppression of the growth and metastases of tumors. Thus, the NPs/hydrogel composite may have great potential application as a novel vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Mayers C, Duffield M, Rowe S, Miller J, Lingard B, Hayward S, Titball RW. Analysis of known bacterial protein vaccine antigens reveals biased physical properties and amino acid composition. Comp Funct Genomics 2010; 4:468-78. [PMID: 18629010 PMCID: PMC2447292 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2003] [Revised: 07/24/2003] [Accepted: 07/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many vaccines have been developed from live attenuated forms of bacterial pathogens or from killed bacterial cells. However, an increased awareness of the potential for transient side-effects following vaccination has prompted an increased emphasis on the use of sub-unit vaccines, rather than those based on whole bacterial cells. The identification of vaccine sub-units is often a lengthy process and bioinformatics approaches have recently been used to identify candidate protein vaccine antigens. Such methods ultimately offer the promise of a more rapid advance towards preclinical studies with vaccines. We have compared the properties of known bacterial vaccine antigens against randomly selected proteins and identified differences in the make-up of these two groups. A computer algorithm that exploits these differences allows the identification of potential vaccine antigen candidates from pathogenic bacteria on the basis of their amino acid composition, a property inherently associated with sub-cellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Mayers
- Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
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Gong CY, Shi S, Peng XY, Kan B, Yang L, Huang MJ, Luo F, Zhao X, Wei YQ, Qian ZY. Biodegradable thermosensitive injectable PEG-PCL-PEG hydrogel for bFGF antigen delivery to improve humoral immunity. Growth Factors 2009; 27:377-83. [PMID: 19919526 DOI: 10.3109/08977190903159938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, a biodegradable and injectable thermosensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PCL-PEG, PECE) hydrogel system was successfully prepared for basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) antigen delivery. bFGF encapsulated PECE hydrogel system (bFGF-hydrogel) is an injectable free-flowing sol at ambient temperature, and forms a non-flowing gel at physiological temperature acting as antigen depot. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity results showed that the PECE hydrogel could be regarded as a safe carrier, and bFGF could be released from the hydrogel system in an extended period in vitro. Otherwise, the immunogenicity of bFGF was improved significantly after encapsulated into the hydrogel. Strong humoral immunity created by bFGF-hydrogel was maintained for more than 14 weeks. Therefore, the prepared bFGF loaded PECE hydrogel might have great potential as a novel vaccine adjuvant for protein antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
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Bolhassani A, Yazdi SR. DNA immunization as an efficient strategy for vaccination. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2009; 1:71-88. [PMID: 23407787 PMCID: PMC3558129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of vaccinology provides excellent promises to control different infectious and non-infectious diseases. Genetic immunization as a new tool in this area by using naked DNA has been shown to induce humoral as well as cellular immune responses with high efficiency. This demonstrates the enormous potential of this strategy for vaccination purposes. DNA vaccines have been widely used to develop vaccines against various pathogens as well as cancer, autoimmune diseases and allergy. However, despite their successful application in many pre-clinical disease models, their potency in human clinical trials has been insufficient to provide protective immunity. Several strategies have been applied to increase the potency of DNA vaccine. Among these strategies, the linkage of antigens to Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and the utilization of different delivery systems have been demonstrated as efficient approaches for increasing the potency of DNA vaccines. The uptake of DNA plasmids by cells upon injection is inefficient. Two basic delivery approaches including physical delivery to achieve higher levels of antigen production and formulation with microparticles to target Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) are effective in animal models. Alternatively, different regimens called prime-boost vaccination are also effective. In this regimen, naked DNA is utilized to prime the immune system and either recombinant viral vector or purified recombinant protein with proper adjuvant is used for boosting. In this review, we discuss recent advances in upgrading the efficiency of DNA vaccination in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sima Rafati Yazdi
- Corresponding author: Sima Rafati Yazdi, Ph.D., Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98 21 66953311. Fax: +98 21 66465132. E-mail:;
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Mishra D, Mishra PK, Dubey V, Nahar M, Dabadghao S, Jain N. Systemic and mucosal immune response induced by transcutaneous immunization using Hepatitis B surface antigen-loaded modified liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 33:424-33. [PMID: 18359615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ricciardi W. The old Edward Jenner and the new public health: the future of vaccines in Europe. Eur J Public Health 2008; 18:353. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckn067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate the physicochemical properties and efficacy of an oral melanoma vaccine. Blood, feces and vaginal wash were collected weekly and analysed by ELISA. The mortality and diameter of the tumors were determined using a vernier caliper. The oral melanoma vaccine microparticles demonstrated desirable particle size, product yield, and zeta potentials. In addition, FT-IR and DSC studies revealed that there was no significant degradation in microencapsulated extra-cellular antigen (ECA). The oral vaccine group showed 25% greater survival rate compared to the control in the efficacy and challenge studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Hwa Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Preparation of mannan modified anionic PCL-PEG-PCL nanoparticles at one-step for bFGF antigen delivery to improve humoral immunity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 64:135-9. [PMID: 18249528 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this article, blank anionic poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCEC) and anionic mannan modified PCEC (MPCEC) nanoparticles with nearly the same particle size and zeta potential were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. Human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was absorbed onto anionic nanoparticles surface due to electrostatic interaction. The obtained bFGF-nanoparticles complexes were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice at 20 microg of bFGF/dose on week 0, 1, 2 and 3. The mice serum was collected on week 4, and bFGF-specific autoantibody total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a titer in serum was determined by ELISA. The results indicated that the autoantibody IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a titer of the mice immunized by bFGF-MPCEC complexes were higher than that immunized by either bFGF-PCEC or bFGF-Alum. This phenomenon might be due to that mannan functionalized MPCEC nanoparticles could be targeted to dendritic cells (DCs) to improve humoral immunity. The prepared anionic mannan modified PCEC nanoparticles (MPCEC) might have great potential application in vaccine delivery systems.
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Sturm LA, Mays RM, Zimet GD. Parental beliefs and decision making about child and adolescent immunization: from polio to sexually transmitted infections. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2005; 26:441-52. [PMID: 16344662 DOI: 10.1097/00004703-200512000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 150 years, innovations in immunization practices have dramatically improved the health of children, and parents are increasingly asked to consider and accept new childhood vaccines. We present a conceptual model to frame a review of research on the role of parental attitudes and beliefs in decision making about child and adolescent immunization and describe the historical context of vaccine-related decision-making research. This review focuses on theory-based Social-environmental and parent-specific personal factors as potential influences on vaccine decision making. Relevant Social-environmental issues discussed include media coverage of vaccines, perceived social norms, and the persuasive influence of peer groups. Health care provider recommendations are presented as an exemplar of factors related to the family's interface with the health care system. Personal factors addressed include parental health beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge related to vaccine preventable diseases and immunization, as well as cognitive heuristics that are employed in the decision-making process (e.g., omission bias, protected values, framing of information). Last, promising directions for research and suggestions for clinical practice are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne A Sturm
- Riley Child Development Center, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis 46202-5200, USA.
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Abstract
This paper seeks to critically review a traditional objection to preventive medicine (which I call here the 'prevention problem'). The prevention problem is a concern about the supposedly inequitable distribution of benefits and risks of harm resulting from preventive medicine's focus on population-based interventions. This objection is potentially applicable to preventive vaccination programmes and could be used to argue that such programmes are unethical. I explore the structure of the prevention problem by focusing upon two different types of vaccination (therapeutic vaccination and preventive vaccination). I argue that the 'prevention problem' cannot be fairly applied to the case of preventive vaccination because such programmes do not just focus upon benefits at the level of populations (as is claimed by the prevention problem). Most such preventive vaccination programmes explicitly seek to create and maintain herd protection. I argue that herd protection is an important public good which is a benefit shared by all individuals in the relevant population. This fact can then be used to block the 'prevention problem' argument in relation to preventive vaccination programmes. I conclude by suggesting that whilst the future development and use of therapeutic vaccines does raise some interesting ethical issues, any ethical objections to prophylactic vaccination on the basis of the 'prevention problem' will not be overcome through the substitution of therapeutic vaccines for preventive vaccines; indeed, the 'prevention problem' fails on its own terms in relation to preventive vaccination programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Dawson
- Centre for Professional Ethics, Keele Hall, Keele University, Staffs ST5 5BG, UK.
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Jacobson RM, Zabel KS, Poland GA. The overall safety profile of currently available vaccines directed against infectious diseases. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2003; 2:215-23. [PMID: 12904101 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2.3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The vaccines currently used worldwide for the prevention of infectious diseases are quite safe in comparison to most pharmaceutical and biological agents. Vaccine components may contribute to inflammatory, allergic or anaphylactic reactions. Most adverse events are transient and well-tolerated. Transient severe adverse reactions occur at rates of one in one thousand vaccinations; permanent severe adverse reactions occur on the order of one in one million. The most common of the severe adverse reactions are syncope and allergic reactions. Providers can take steps to prevent or ameliorate these reactions by pursuing both prelicensure testing (albeit limited) and postlicensure testing and monitoring. Systems that enhance the detection of safety concerns include national passive and active surveillance as well as regional vaccine registries and provider-based patient education. Since vaccines are used in universal programmes, their safety is paramount to their continued acceptance. Healthcare managers, including administrators of hospitals, clinics, practice groups, health maintenance organisations (HMOs) and managed care plans, can and should support providers in minimising adverse events associated with vaccines by supporting postvaccination observation policies, postlicensure testing and surveillance, vaccine registries and patient education systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Jacobson
- Mayo Building E931, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0001, USA.
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Vernon JG. Immunisation policy: from compliance to concordance? Br J Gen Pract 2003; 53:399-404. [PMID: 12830570 PMCID: PMC1314602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunisation has proved a highly effective public health policy. However, it has come under public suspicion at times, with large falls in pertussis immunizations in the 1980s and smaller falls in measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine uptake recently. Immunisation scares have also occurred in other countries. This discussion paper explores the concepts of herd immunity, altruism, and informed consent. Historical, quantitative, and qualitative research on the sociology of immunisation is reviewed. Recent research has shown that the concerns of parents include a loss of trust in health professionals and increasing worries about side effects. The sociologist Streefland is the leader of the World Health Organisation Sociology and Immunisation Project. His concept of the five perspectives on immunisation is explained. Concordance is then described as a dialogue based on mutual respect between different perspectives. Finally, some suggestions are made for immunisation policy in the UK. Immunisation policy should move from the current situation, which largely assumes the passive compliance of the population, to a policy where people are actively involved and their views respected.
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Pericas Bosch J. [Immunization: Leaps into the future. Foreseeable changes in children's vaccination calendar in the coming years]. Aten Primaria 2003; 31:327-33. [PMID: 12681149 PMCID: PMC7679765 DOI: 10.1016/s0212-6567(03)79187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2002] [Accepted: 07/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Pericas Bosch
- Pediatra. CAP La Mina. Sant Adrià de Besós. Barcelona. España.
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