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Karlsson K, Dalipi F. Exploring the surveillance technology discourse: a bibliometric analysis and topic modeling approach. Front Artif Intell 2024; 7:1406361. [PMID: 38903156 PMCID: PMC11188983 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1406361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevention of crime is a multifaceted challenge with legal, political, and cultural implications. Surveillance technologies play a crucial role in assisting law enforcement and other relevant parties in this mission. Drones, cameras, and wiretaps are examples of such devices. As their use increases, it becomes essential to address related challenges involving various stakeholders and consider cultural, political, and legal aspects. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of surveillance technologies and identify commonalities and differences in perspectives among social media users and researchers. Data extraction was performed from two platforms: Scopus (for academic research papers) and platform X (formerly known as Twitter). The dataset included 88,989 tweets and 4,874 research papers. Topic modeling, an unsupervised machine learning approach, was applied to analyze the content. The research results revealed that privacy received little attention across the datasets, indicating its relatively low prominence. The military applications and their usage have been documented in academic research articles as well as tweets. Based on the empirical evidence, it seems that contemporary surveillance technology may be accurately described as possessing a bi-directional nature, including both sousveillance and surveillance, which aligns with Deleuzian ideas on the Panopticon. The study's findings also indicate that there was a greater level of interest in actual applications of surveillance technologies as opposed to more abstract concepts like ethics and privacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fisnik Dalipi
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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2
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Comer L, Donelle L, Hiebert B, Smith MJ, Kothari A, Stranges S, Gilliland J, Long J, Burkell J, Shelley JJ, Hall J, Shelley J, Cooke T, Ngole Dione M, Facca D. Short- and Long-Term Predicted and Witnessed Consequences of Digital Surveillance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47154. [PMID: 38788212 PMCID: PMC11129783 DOI: 10.2196/47154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the deployment of digital technologies for public health surveillance globally. The rapid development and use of these technologies have curtailed opportunities to fully consider their potential impacts (eg, for human rights, civil liberties, privacy, and marginalization of vulnerable groups). OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and gray literature to identify the types and applications of digital technologies used for surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic and the predicted and witnessed consequences of digital surveillance. METHODS Our methodology was informed by the 5-stage methodological framework to guide scoping reviews: identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data; and collating, summarizing, and reporting the findings. We conducted a search of peer-reviewed and gray literature published between December 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. We focused on the first year of the pandemic to provide a snapshot of the questions, concerns, findings, and discussions emerging from peer-reviewed and gray literature during this pivotal first year of the pandemic. Our review followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) reporting guidelines. RESULTS We reviewed a total of 147 peer-reviewed and 79 gray literature publications. Based on our analysis of these publications, we identified a total of 90 countries and regions where digital technologies were used for public health surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the most frequently used technologies included mobile phone apps, location-tracking technologies, drones, temperature-scanning technologies, and wearable devices. We also found that the literature raised concerns regarding the implications of digital surveillance in relation to data security and privacy, function creep and mission creep, private sector involvement in surveillance, human rights, civil liberties, and impacts on marginalized groups. Finally, we identified recommendations for ethical digital technology design and use, including proportionality, transparency, purpose limitation, protecting privacy and security, and accountability. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of digital technologies was used worldwide to support public health surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of our analysis highlight the importance of considering short- and long-term consequences of digital surveillance not only during the COVID-19 pandemic but also for future public health crises. These findings also demonstrate the ways in which digital surveillance has rendered visible the shifting and blurred boundaries between public health surveillance and other forms of surveillance, particularly given the ubiquitous nature of digital surveillance. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053962.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigha Comer
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Bradley Hiebert
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maxwell J Smith
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Kothari
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Departments of Family Medicine and Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- The Africa Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jed Long
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn Burkell
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jodi Hall
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - James Shelley
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tommy Cooke
- Surveillance Studies Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Danica Facca
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Clark EC, Neumann S, Hopkins S, Kostopoulos A, Hagerman L, Dobbins M. Changes to Public Health Surveillance Methods Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e49185. [PMID: 38241067 PMCID: PMC10837764 DOI: 10.2196/49185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health surveillance plays a vital role in informing public health decision-making. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 caused a widespread shift in public health priorities. Global efforts focused on COVID-19 monitoring and contact tracing. Existing public health programs were interrupted due to physical distancing measures and reallocation of resources. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic intersected with advancements in technologies that have the potential to support public health surveillance efforts. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to explore emergent public health surveillance methods during the early COVID-19 pandemic to characterize the impact of the pandemic on surveillance methods. METHODS A scoping search was conducted in multiple databases and by scanning key government and public health organization websites from March 2020 to January 2022. Published papers and gray literature that described the application of new or revised approaches to public health surveillance were included. Papers that discussed the implications of novel public health surveillance approaches from ethical, legal, security, and equity perspectives were also included. The surveillance subject, method, location, and setting were extracted from each paper to identify trends in surveillance practices. Two public health epidemiologists were invited to provide their perspectives as peer reviewers. RESULTS Of the 14,238 unique papers, a total of 241 papers describing novel surveillance methods and changes to surveillance methods are included. Eighty papers were review papers and 161 were single studies. Overall, the literature heavily featured papers detailing surveillance of COVID-19 transmission (n=187). Surveillance of other infectious diseases was also described, including other pathogens (n=12). Other public health topics included vaccines (n=9), mental health (n=11), substance use (n=4), healthy nutrition (n=1), maternal and child health (n=3), antimicrobial resistance (n=2), and misinformation (n=6). The literature was dominated by applications of digital surveillance, for example, by using big data through mobility tracking and infodemiology (n=163). Wastewater surveillance was also heavily represented (n=48). Other papers described adaptations to programs or methods that existed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=9). The scoping search also found 109 papers that discuss the ethical, legal, security, and equity implications of emerging surveillance methods. The peer reviewer public health epidemiologists noted that additional changes likely exist, beyond what has been reported and available for evidence syntheses. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated advancements in surveillance and the adoption of new technologies, especially for digital and wastewater surveillance methods. Given the investments in these systems, further applications for public health surveillance are likely. The literature for surveillance methods was dominated by surveillance of infectious diseases, particularly COVID-19. A substantial amount of literature on the ethical, legal, security, and equity implications of these emerging surveillance methods also points to a need for cautious consideration of potential harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Clark
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Neumann
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Hopkins
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alyssa Kostopoulos
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Leah Hagerman
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Robert Selvam D, Xavier S, Kasinathan P, Ahmad Wadaan M, Farooq Khan M, Santha Kumar David M. Causes of higher levels of stress among students in higher education who used eLearning platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2023; 35:102653. [PMID: 36987441 PMCID: PMC10032052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background This work aims to study the levels of stress among students using e-learning platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education institutions. The major factors of higher-level stress among the student community focused on this study are: Changes in academic environment, family, social, personal, health and cognitive. Objective the objective of this research the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) procedure was used to explore the relationship and its impact on various levels of stress. Results Data were collected by using a total of 1,000 email IDs of students that were made available by teachers from 12 Indian higher education institutions where they were enrolled and by using a random number method. With this procedure, a total of 800 email IDs were selected. The results drawn from this research are that students experienced more stress due to sudden changes in the academic environment, family, and personal factors. The stress levels of cognitive and social were found to be equally distributed among higher education students, but less than academic environment, family and personal. This research intends to fill the gap of short-term individual psychological changes that occur after the outbreak. Conclusion Policy-makers can take note of the current study's observations in continuing their fight against COVID-19 pandemic by improving the stability for student risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Robert Selvam
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola Health centre, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Xavier
- Department of Statistics, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padmanathan Kasinathan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Agni College of Technology, Chennai 600130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box:2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box:2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Handmann E, Camanor SW, Fallah MP, Candy N, Parker D, Gries A, Grünewald T. Feasibility of digital contact tracing in low-income settings - pilot trial for a location-based DCT app. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:146. [PMID: 36670358 PMCID: PMC9859743 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about the effectiveness of digital contact tracing are based on studies conducted in countries with predominantly high- or middle-income settings. Up to now, little research is done to identify specific problems for the implementation of such technique in low-income countries. METHODS A Bluetooth-assisted GPS location-based digital contact tracing (DCT) app was tested by 141 participants during 14 days in a hospital in Monrovia, Liberia in February 2020. The DCT app was compared to a paper-based reference system. Hits between participants and 10 designated infected participants were recorded simultaneously by both methods. Additional data about GPS and Bluetooth adherence were gathered and surveys to estimate battery consumption and app adherence were conducted. DCT apps accuracy was evaluated in different settings. RESULTS GPS coordinates from 101/141 (71.6%) participants were received. The number of hours recorded by the participants during the study period, true Hours Recorded (tHR), was 496.3 h (1.1% of maximum Hours recordable) during the study period. With the paper-based method 1075 hits and with the DCT app five hits of designated infected participants with other participants have been listed. Differences between true and maximum recording times were due to failed permission settings (45%), data transmission issues (11.3%), of the participants 10.1% switched off GPS and 32.5% experienced other technical or compliance problems. In buildings, use of Bluetooth increased the accuracy of the DCT app (GPS + BT 22.9 m ± 21.6 SD vs. GPS 60.9 m ± 34.7 SD; p = 0.004). GPS accuracy in public transportation was 10.3 m ± 10.05 SD with a significant (p = 0.007) correlation between precision and phone brand. GPS resolution outdoors was 10.4 m ± 4.2 SD. CONCLUSION In our study several limitations of the DCT together with the impairment of GPS accuracy in urban settings impede the solely use of a DCT app. It could be feasible as a supplement to traditional manual contact tracing. DKRS, DRKS00029327 . Registered 20 June 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Handmann
- Department for Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Mosoka P. Fallah
- grid.512250.1National Public Health Institute of Liberia (NPHIL), Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Neima Candy
- grid.512250.1National Public Health Institute of Liberia (NPHIL), Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - André Gries
- grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Department for Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Grünewald
- grid.459629.50000 0004 0389 4214Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine and Department for Hospital and Environmental Hygiene, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
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6
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Gulbransen-Diaz N, Yoo S, Wang AP. Nurse, Give Me the News! Understanding Support for and Opposition to a COVID-19 Health Screening System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1164. [PMID: 36673919 PMCID: PMC9859575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Helping the sick and protecting the vulnerable has long been the credo of the health profession. In response to the coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19 pandemic), hospitals and healthcare institutions have rapidly employed public health measures to mitigate patient and staff infection. This paper investigates staff and visitor responses to the COVID-19 eGate health screening system; a self-service technology (SST) which aims to protect health care workers and facilities from COVID-19. Our study evaluates the in situ deployment of the eGate, and employs a System Usability Scale (SUS) and questionnaire (n = 220) to understand staff and visitor's acceptance of the eGate. In detailing the themes relevant to those who advocate for the system and those who oppose it, we contribute towards a more detailed understanding of the use and non-use of health-screening SSTs. We conclude with a series of considerations for the design of future interactive screening systems within hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gulbransen-Diaz
- School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Soojeong Yoo
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Audrey P. Wang
- Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- DHI Laboratory, Research Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Health Precinct, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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Ju B, Dai HM, Sandel TL. Resilience and (Dis)empowerment: Use of Social Media Among Female Mainland Low-Skilled Workers in Macao During the COVID-19 Pandemic. SAGE OPEN 2023; 13:21582440231160480. [PMID: 36942127 PMCID: PMC10018231 DOI: 10.1177/21582440231160480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of social media in a resilient process is associated with the co-constitution of structural forces and users' agency. During COVID-19, how women-particularly low-skilled labor migrants-used social media for empowerment is underexplored. By taking a socio-techno approach, this study qualitatively examines mobile phone-based social media usage among female mainland low-skilled workers in Macao when coping with the pandemic. The enabling yet constraining role of social media has been identified through semi-structured interviews. Social media use is a double-edged sword: on the one hand, social media is appropriated to relieve stress and anxiety, open access to updated COVID-19 related information, and manage contagious risks; on the other hand, it reinforces existing constraints and thus hinders resilience, due to female migrant workers' high risk of addictive social media use and limited information literacy. Moving beyond the Information and Communication Technology empowerment, a more inclusive approach is recommended in the long term to cope with the risks and uncertainties posed by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Ju
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, SAR, China
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Legate N, Weinstein N. Can We Communicate Autonomy Support and a Mandate? How Motivating Messages Relate to Motivation for Staying at Home across Time during the COVID-19 Pandemic. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1842-1849. [PMID: 33951996 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1921907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A multi-wave study across two months tested changes in motivation for staying at home at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in the UK and US in 683 living-alone older adults (mean age = 53 years), those that might experience greater psychological costs of being isolated for long periods of time. The study was focused on changes in two types of motivation: autonomous motivation- finding importance in the task of staying at home, and controlled motivation- staying at home because of felt pressure or choicelessness, as autonomous motivation predicts effective behavior change better than controlled motivation, especially long-term. Predictions grounded in self-determination theory (SDT) tested whether three motivating aspects of messages to stay at home from governmental and public health agencies, physicians, the news, and family and friends predicted changes in these motivations across time. Perceiving messages to stay at home as controlling predicted increases in controlled motivation and decreases in autonomous motivation over two months. Conversely, perceiving messages to stay at home as autonomy supportive predicted increases in autonomous motivation over two months. Results for mandated orders to stay at home were intriguing: they related to increases in both controlled and autonomous motivations over time. Exploratory analyses revealed that increases in autonomous motivation over time predicted actual time spent at home reported at Wave 2, whereas increases in controlled motivation did not relate. Discussion focuses on contributions to theory and public health messaging about behavioral change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Legate
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology
| | - Netta Weinstein
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading
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Liu Y, Xiao S, Yin X, Gao P, Wu J, Xiong S, Hockham C, Hone T, Wu JHY, Pearson SA, Neal B, Tian M. Nation-Wide Routinely Collected Health Datasets in China: A Scoping Review. Public Health Rev 2022; 43:1605025. [PMID: 36211230 PMCID: PMC9532513 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2022.1605025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The potential for using routinely collected data for medical research in China remains unclear. We sought to conduct a scoping review to systematically characterise nation-wide routinely collected datasets in China that may be of value for clinical research. Methods: We searched public databases and the websites of government agencies, and non-government organizations. We included nation-wide routinely collected databases related to communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, injuries, and maternal and child health. Database characteristics, including disease area, data custodianship, data volume, frequency of update and accessibility were extracted and summarised. Results: There were 70 databases identified, of which 46 related to communicable diseases, 20 to non-communicable diseases, 1 to injury and 3 to maternal and child health. The data volume varied from below 1000 to over 100,000 records. Over half (64%) of the databases were accessible for medical research mostly comprising communicable diseases. Conclusion: There are large quantities of routinely collected data in China. Challenges to using such data in medical research remain with various accessibility. The potential of routinely collected data may also be applicable to other low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Liu
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaoming Xiao
- The George Institute for Global Health, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Yin
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Pei Gao
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shangzhi Xiong
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Carinna Hockham
- The George Institute for Global Health, UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Hone
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason H. Y. Wu
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sallie Anne Pearson
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Neal
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maoyi Tian
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Maoyi Tian,
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Garard J, Wood SLR, Sabet-Kassouf N, Ventimiglia A, Matthews HD, Ubalijoro É, Chaudhari K, Ivanova M, Luers AL. Moderate support for the use of digital tracking to support climate-mitigation strategies. ONE EARTH 2022; 5:1030-1041. [PMID: 36128017 PMCID: PMC9479430 DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Garard
- Sustainability in the Digital Age, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Future Earth, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nilufar Sabet-Kassouf
- Sustainability in the Digital Age, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Future Earth, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andréa Ventimiglia
- Sustainability in the Digital Age, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Future Earth, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Damon Matthews
- Sustainability in the Digital Age, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Concordia University, Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Éliane Ubalijoro
- Sustainability in the Digital Age, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Future Earth, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kalpana Chaudhari
- Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College, Mumbai, India
- Institute for Sustainable Development and Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Maria Ivanova
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Department of Conflict Resolution, Human Security, and Global Governance, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Governance and Sustainability, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy L Luers
- Sustainability in the Digital Age, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Future Earth, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Concordia University, Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Ma Z, Mao Y, Wang Y, Duan Z, Qu D, Li C, Chen R, Liu Z. Suicidal ideation and attempted suicide among cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5827-5835. [PMID: 35982024 PMCID: PMC9538100 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected from patients diagnosed with cancer while attending the largest cancer center in the south of China. A structured questionnaire was used to investigate patients' demographic data, suicidal behavior, and factors related to COVID-19. Mental health conditions were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Comorbidities and medical conditions of cancer patients were extracted from the electronic healthcare records. Among the 5670 cancer patients, 755 (13.3%) reported suicidal ideation, and 266 (4.7%) reported suicidal attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The age group with the highest risk of suicidal ideation was 20-24 years (23.9%). Lifetime history of suffering from mental disorders, longer time since cancer diagnosis, regional and distant tumor stage, depression, anxiety, hostility, having a higher frequency of worrying about cancer management due to COVID-19, higher frequency feeling of overwhelming psychological pressure due to COVID-19, having a higher level of barriers to manage cancer due to COVID-19, and higher barriers to continue treatment of cancer due to inconveniences caused by COVID-19, were all significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation. We also identified the risk factors of suicide attempts. This is the first study investigating the prevalence and risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts in Chinese cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that it is essential to monitor the mental health conditions of this vulnerable population, especially for cancer patients who have comorbidity with a history of mental disorders. Also, government policymakers should take action to protect cancer patients to avoid any interruption of their continued treatment. Further efforts are urgently required to develop specific psychological interventions to reduce the risk factors among cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Ma
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yize Mao
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education SciencesMinistry of EducationChina,School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityChina
| | - Zhizhou Duan
- Preventive health service, Jiangxi provincial people's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Diyang Qu
- Vanke School of Public HealthTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Department of Social and Behavioural SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Department of Information Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public HealthTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Institute for Healthy ChinaTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
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12
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Ethical Considerations in the Application of Artificial Intelligence to Monitor Social Media for COVID-19 Data. Minds Mach (Dordr) 2022; 32:759-768. [PMID: 36042870 PMCID: PMC9406274 DOI: 10.1007/s11023-022-09610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Khalili-Mahani N, Woods S, Holowka EM, Pahayahay A, Roy M. Toward a digital citizen lab for capturing data about alternative ways of self-managing chronic pain: An attitudinal user study. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:942822. [PMID: 36188996 PMCID: PMC9397864 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.942822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMyriad psychosocial and cultural factors influence personal ways of coping with chronic pain (CP). Mobile health (mHealth) apps facilitate creation of citizen laboratories outside clinical frameworks. However, issues of safety, privacy and technostress must be addressed. This attitudinal user study aimed to assess whether persons with persistent pain (PwPP) would be open to sharing qualitative and quantitative data about their self-management of CP via mHealth platforms.MethodsIn March 2020, we invited PwPPs, their personal or medical caregivers, or those interested in the development of an app for researching alternative ways of self-managing CP to complete an anonymous survey. We formulated an attitudinal survey within the theoretical framework of stress to estimate whether the novelty, unpredictability, and risks of data-sharing via mHealth apps concerned users. Descriptive statistics (% Part/Group) were used to interpret the survey, and open comments were reflectively analyzed to identify emerging themes.ResultsOf 202 responses (June 2021), 127 identified as PwPPs (average age 43.86 ± 14.97; 100/127 female), and listed several primary and secondary CP diagnoses. In almost 90% of PwPPs, physical and emotional wellbeing were affected by CP. More than 90% of PwPPs used alternative therapies (acupuncture, homeopathy, massage therapy, etc.). Attitude toward mHealth apps were positive even though nearly half of PwPPs were unfamiliar with them. More than 72% of respondents were open to using a health-related app as a research tool for data collection in real life situations. Comprehensive data collection (especially about psychosocial factors) was the most important requirement. More respondents (especially medical professionals) were concerned about health hazards of misinformation communicated via health-related information and communication systems (maximum 80%) than about privacy (maximum 40%). Qualitative analyses revealed several promises and impediments to creation of data-sharing platforms for CP.ConclusionsThis study shows a general willingness among PwPPs to become partners in studying alternative pain management. Despite a generally positive attitude toward the concept of sharing complex personal data to advance research, heterogeneity of attitudes shaped by personal experiences must be considered. Our study underlines the need for any digital strategy for CP research to be person-centered and flexible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Khalili-Mahani
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Design and Computation Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Quebec Pain Research Network (QPRN), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Najmeh Khalili-Mahani
| | - Sandra Woods
- Quebec Pain Research Network (QPRN), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Patient Partner, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eileen Mary Holowka
- Department of Communication Studies, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amber Pahayahay
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Quebec Pain Research Network (QPRN), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhou S, Zhou S, Zheng Z, Lu J, Song T. Risk assessment for precise intervention of COVID-19 epidemic based on available big data and spatio-temporal simulation method: Empirical evidence from different public places in Guangzhou, China. APPLIED GEOGRAPHY (SEVENOAKS, ENGLAND) 2022; 143:102702. [PMID: 35469327 PMCID: PMC9020488 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of the intra-city spatio-temporal spreading of COVID-19 is important for providing location-based precise intervention measures, especially when the epidemic occurred in the densely populated and high mobile public places. The individual-based simulation has been proven to be an effective method for the risk assessment. However, the acquisition of individual-level mobility data is limited. This study used publicly available datasets to approximate dynamic intra-city travel flows by a spatio-temporal gravity model. On this basis, an individual-based epidemic model integrating agent-based model with the susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) model was proposed and the intra-city spatio-temporal spreading process of COVID-19 in eleven public places in Guangzhou China were explored. The results indicated that the accuracy of dynamic intra-city travel flows estimated by available big data and gravity model is acceptable. The spatio-temporal simulation method well presented the process of COVID-19 epidemic. Four kinds of spatial-temporal transmission patterns were identified and the pattern was highly dependent on the urban spatial structure and location. It indicated that location-based precise intervention measures should be implemented according to different regions. The approach of this research can be used by policy-makers to make rapid and accurate risk assessments and to implement intervention measures ahead of epidemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Zhou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Suhong Zhou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Center for Territorial Spatial Planning and Real Estate Studies, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Junwen Lu
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Tie Song
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
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15
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Aruleba RT, Adekiya TA, Ayawei N, Obaido G, Aruleba K, Mienye ID, Aruleba I, Ogbuokiri B. COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Review of Rapid Antigen, RT-PCR and Artificial Intelligence Methods. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:153. [PMID: 35447713 PMCID: PMC9024895 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As of 27 December 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 278 million persons and caused 5.3 million deaths. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, different methods, from medical to artificial intelligence, have been used for its detection, diagnosis, and surveillance. Meanwhile, fast and efficient point-of-care (POC) testing and self-testing kits have become necessary in the fight against COVID-19 and to assist healthcare personnel and governments curb the spread of the virus. This paper presents a review of the various types of COVID-19 detection methods, diagnostic technologies, and surveillance approaches that have been used or proposed. The review provided in this article should be beneficial to researchers in this field and health policymakers at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Taiwo Aruleba
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa;
| | - Tayo Alex Adekiya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - Nimibofa Ayawei
- Department of Chemistry, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa PMB 178, Bayelsa State, Nigeria;
| | - George Obaido
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0404, USA
| | - Kehinde Aruleba
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Ibomoiye Domor Mienye
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (I.D.M.); (I.A.)
| | - Idowu Aruleba
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (I.D.M.); (I.A.)
| | - Blessing Ogbuokiri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
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16
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Yee AZH, Sng JRH. Animal Crossing and COVID-19: A Qualitative Study Examining How Video Games Satisfy Basic Psychological Needs During the Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:800683. [PMID: 35465561 PMCID: PMC9022176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.800683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way many people live their lives. The increasing amount of time spent indoors and isolated during periods of lockdown has been accompanied by an increase in the time people spend playing video games. One such game which soared in popularity during the early stages of the pandemic was Animal Crossing: New Horizons. Through semi-structured interviews with players, and using a theory-informed qualitative analysis, we document and examine players’ motivations and experiences playing Animal Crossing: New Horizons during the pandemic. Findings suggest that playing the game helped satisfy various psychological needs—autonomy, relatedness, and competence—as described by Self-Determination Theory. Conversely, players stopped playing the game when they found that their psychological needs were thwarted or better met through other activities. Our findings offer support that video games can offer psychological relief in stressful contexts by providing opportunities for people to satisfy key psychological needs. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. H. Yee
- Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Andrew Z. H. Yee,
| | - Jeremy R. H. Sng
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Schellack N, Strydom M, Pepper MS, Herd CL, Hendricks CL, Bronkhorst E, Meyer JC, Padayachee N, Bangalee V, Truter I, Ellero AA, Myaka T, Naidoo E, Godman B. Social Media and COVID-19—Perceptions and Public Deceptions of Ivermectin, Colchicine and Hydroxychloroquine: Lessons for Future Pandemics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040445. [PMID: 35453198 PMCID: PMC9031711 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity for social media to influence the utilization of re-purposed medicines to manage COVID-19, despite limited availability of safety and efficacy data, is a cause for concern within health care systems. This study sought to ascertain links between social media reports and utilization for three re-purposed medicines: hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), ivermectin and colchicine. A combined retrospective analysis of social media posts for these three re-purposed medicines was undertaken, along with utilization and clinical trials data, in South Africa, between January 2020 and June 2021. In total, 77,257 posts were collected across key social media platforms, of which 6884 were relevant. Ivermectin had the highest number of posts (55%) followed by HCQ (44%). The spike in ivermectin use was closely correlated to social media posts. Similarly, regarding chloroquine (as HCQ is not available in South Africa), social media interest was enhanced by local politicians. Sentiment analysis revealed that posts regarding the effectiveness of these repurposed medicines were positive. This was different for colchicine, which contributed only a small number of mentions (1%). Of concern is that the majority of reporters in social media (85%) were unidentifiable. This study provides evidence of social media as a driver of re-purposed medicines. Healthcare professionals have a key role in providing evidence-based advice especially with unidentifiable posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Schellack
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (M.S.); (A.A.E.); (T.M.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.); or (B.G.)
| | - Morné Strydom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (M.S.); (A.A.E.); (T.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (M.S.P.); (C.L.H.); (C.L.H.)
| | - Candice L. Herd
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (M.S.P.); (C.L.H.); (C.L.H.)
| | - Candice Laverne Hendricks
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (M.S.P.); (C.L.H.); (C.L.H.)
| | - Elmien Bronkhorst
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (E.B.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (E.B.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Neelaveni Padayachee
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Varsha Bangalee
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
| | - Ilse Truter
- Drug Utilization Research Unit (DURU), Department of Pharmacy, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa;
| | - Andrea Antonio Ellero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (M.S.); (A.A.E.); (T.M.); (E.N.)
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology (CNE), Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
| | - Thulisa Myaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (M.S.); (A.A.E.); (T.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Elysha Naidoo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (M.S.); (A.A.E.); (T.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Brian Godman
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0084, South Africa; (E.B.); (J.C.M.)
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (N.S.); or (B.G.)
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18
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The Extreme Right as a Defender of Human Rights? Parliamentary Debates on COVID-19 Emergency Legislation in Slovakia. LAWS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/laws11020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the protection of public health became a political priority worldwide. Slovakia’s COVID-19 response was initially praised as a global success. However, major rights restrictions were introduced in spring 2020, with some of these endorsed by the parliament. This article uses = Rossiter’s and Schmitt’s concepts of the exception and Agamben’s distinction between life and survival to highlight the risks pertaining to the framing of the protection of public health as contradictory to human rights guarantees. It investigates how human rights were discussed by Slovak parliamentarians in relation to key legislation, that introduced a COVID-19 contact tracing app and allowed repeated prolongation of health emergencies by the executive with parliamentary approval. The findings indicate that democratic parliamentarians prioritized public health considerations framed in terms of security and effectiveness rather than rights, dissociating biological survival from political life. In contrast, extreme political actors became outspoken critics of emergencies, referring to human rights. As such, the deliberations represent a missed opportunity by democratic legislators to justify public health protection via a human rights lens and risk undermining democracy in Slovakia.
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19
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Salinas JJ, Sheen J, Shokar N, Wright J, Vazquez G, Alozie O. An electronic medical records study of population obesity prevalence in El Paso, Texas. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:46. [PMID: 35193581 PMCID: PMC8861479 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we determine the feasibility of using electronic medical record (EMR) data to determine obesity prevalence at the census tract level in El Paso County, Texas, located on the U.S.-Mexico border. METHODS 2012-2018 Body Mass Index (BMI kg/m2) data from a large university clinic system in was geocoded and aggregated to a census tract level. After cleaning and removing duplicate EMR and unusable data, 143,524 patient records were successful geocoded. Maps were created to assess representativeness of EMR data across census tracts, within El Paso County. Additionally, maps were created to display the distribution of obesity across the same geography. RESULTS EMR data represented all but one El Paso census tract. Representation ranged from 0.7% to 34.9%. Greatest representation were among census tracts in and around clinics. The mean EMR data BMI (kg/m2) was 30.1, this is approximately 6% less than the 36.0% estimated for El Paso County using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Study (BRFSS) estimate. At the census tract level, obesity prevalence ranged from 26.6 to 57.6%. The highest obesity prevalence were in areas that tended to be less affluent, with a higher concentration of immigrants, poverty and Latino ethnic concentration. CONCLUSIONS EMR data use for obesity surveillance is feasible in El Paso County, Texas, a U.S.-Mexico border community. Findings indicate substantial obesity prevalence variation between census tracts within El Paso County that may be associated with population distributions related to socioeconomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Salinas
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Dr., El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
| | - Jon Sheen
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Dr., El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Navkiran Shokar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Justin Wright
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Gerardo Vazquez
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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20
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Bhatt P, Vemprala N, Valecha R, Hariharan G, Rao HR. User Privacy, Surveillance and Public Health during COVID-19 - An Examination of Twitterverse. INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION 2022; 25:1-16. [PMID: 35125937 PMCID: PMC8801930 DOI: 10.1007/s10796-022-10247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Online users frequently rely on social networking platforms to transmit public concerns and raise awareness about societal issues. With many government organizations actively employing social media data in recent times, the need for processing public concerns on social media has become a critical topic of interest across academic scholars and practitioners. However, the growing volume of social media data makes it difficult to process all the issues under a single umbrella, causing to overlook the main topic of interest within communication technologies, such as privacy. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, arguments on privacy and health issues exploded on Twitter, with several threads centered on contact tracking, health data gathering, and its usage by government agencies. To address the challenges of rising data volumes and to understand the importance of privacy concerns, particularly among users seeking greater privacy protection during this pandemic, we conduct a focused empirical analysis of user tweets about privacy. In this two-part research, our first study reveals three macro privacy issues of discussion distilled from the Twitter corpus, subsequently subdivided into 12 user privacy categories. The second study builds on the findings of the first study, focusing on the primary difficulties highlighted in the macro privacy subjects-contact tracing and digital surveillance. Using a document clustering approach, we present implications for the focal privacy topics that policymakers, agencies, and governments should consider for offering better privacy protections and help the community rebuild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Bhatt
- Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Naga Vemprala
- Pamplin School Of Business, University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd, Portland, OR 97203 USA
| | - Rohit Valecha
- Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Govind Hariharan
- Department of Economics, Finance and Quantitative Analysis, Coles College of Business, Kennesaw State University, 560 Parliament Garden Way, MD 0403, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA
| | - H. Raghav Rao
- Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
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21
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El-Sherif DM, Abouzid M, Gaballah MS, Ahmed AA, Adeel M, Sheta SM. New approach in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance using biosensor technology: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1677-1695. [PMID: 34689274 PMCID: PMC8541810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are analytical tools that transform the bio-signal into an observable response. Biosensors are effective for early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection because they target viral antigens to assess clinical development and provide information on the severity and critical trends of infection. The biosensors are capable of being on-site, fast, and extremely sensitive to the target viral antigen, opening the door for early detection of SARS-CoV-2. They can screen individuals in hospitals, airports, and other crowded locations. Microfluidics and nanotechnology are promising cornerstones for the development of biosensor-based techniques. Recently, due to high selectivity, simplicity, low cost, and reliability, the production of biosensor instruments have attracted considerable interest. This review article precisely provides the extensive scientific advancement and intensive look of basic principles and implementation of biosensors in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, especially for human health. In this review, the importance of biosensors including Optical, Electrochemical, Piezoelectric, Microfluidic, Paper-based biosensors, Immunosensors, and Nano-Biosensors in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been underscored. Smartphone biosensors and calorimetric strips that target antibodies or antigens should be developed immediately to combat the rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2. Wearable biosensors can constantly monitor patients, which is a highly desired feature of biosensors. Finally, we summarized the literature, outlined new approaches and future directions in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 by biosensor-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M El-Sherif
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mohamed S Gaballah
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
- College of Engineering, Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Alhassan Ali Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Subcampus, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheta M Sheta
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Behouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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22
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Health-Based Geographic Information Systems for Mapping and Risk Modeling of Infectious Diseases and COVID-19 to Support Spatial Decision-Making. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1368:167-188. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8969-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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COVID-19 experiences predicting high anxiety and depression among a sample of BRCA1/BRCA2-positive women in the US. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24501. [PMID: 34969949 PMCID: PMC8718530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, breast and ovarian cancer survivors experienced more anxiety and depression than before the pandemic. Studies have not investigated the similarities of this trend among BRCA1/2-positive women who are considered high risk for these cancers. The current study examines the impact of COVID-19 experiences on anxiety and depression in a sample of BRCA1/2-positive women in the U.S. 211 BRCA1/2-positive women from medically underserved backgrounds completed an online survey. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression for associations between COVID-19 experiences and self-reported anxiety and depression stratified by demographic factors. Overall, women who reported COVID-19 stigma or discrimination (aOR, 5.14, 95% CI [1.55, 17.0]) experienced significantly more depressive symptoms than women who did not report this experience. Racial/ethnic minority women caring for someone at home during COVID-19 were 3.70 times more likely (95% CI [1.01, 13.5]) to report high anxiety while non-Hispanic white women were less likely (aOR, 0.34, 95% CI [0.09, 1.30], p interaction = 0.011). To date, this is the first study to analyze anxiety and depression considering several COVID-19 predictors among BRCA1/2-positive women. Our findings can be used to inform future research and advise COVID-19-related mental health resources specific to these women.
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Wnuk A, Oleksy T, Domaradzka A. Prosociality and endorsement of liberty: Communal and individual predictors of attitudes towards surveillance technologies. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021; 125:106938. [PMID: 35228773 PMCID: PMC8867059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, digital tracking technologies were recognised as one of the key tools in preventing the spread of the virus and maintaining health security. However, they also raised numerous controversies because of their potential to endanger civil rights and privacy. Most studies on the acceptance of anti-COVID-19 tracking technologies did not include important social factors and did not examine the directionality between variables. We aimed to fill this gap in the present study. METHODS We conducted a four-wave, representative longitudinal panel survey among Polish citizens on the relationship between acceptance of anti-COVID-19 tracking technologies and prosociality, national identification, and endorsement of individual liberty. Analyses were performed using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models. RESULTS We observed bidirectional cross-lagged relationships between prosociality and acceptance of anti-COVID 19 tracking technologies, with a stronger path from prosociality to acceptance than the other way around. Endorsement of individual liberty predicted negative attitudes towards technologies and this relation was strengthened by perceived threat of future technological surveillance. We did not find a significant relationship between acceptance of technologies and national identification at the within-subject level. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to analyse dynamic within-person relationships between communal and individual aspects and acceptance of anti-COVID-19 surveillance technologies. We conclude that prosocial attitude may lead to social acceptance of technology that, while helpful to fight with a pandemic, might also infringe on personal rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wnuk
- The Robert B. Zajonc Institute for Social Studies, University of Warsaw, ul. Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oleksy
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, ul. Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Domaradzka
- The Robert B. Zajonc Institute for Social Studies, University of Warsaw, ul. Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
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Gómez-Vírseda C, Usanos RA. Relational autonomy: lessons from COVID-19 and twentieth-century philosophy. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2021; 24:493-505. [PMID: 34173944 PMCID: PMC8233626 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-021-10035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has turned many ethical principles and presuppositions upside down. More precisely, the principle of respect for autonomy has been shown to be ill suited to face the ethical challenges posed by the current health crisis. Individual wishes and choices have been subordinated to public interests. Patients have received trial therapies under extraordinary procedures of informed consent. The principle of respect for autonomy, at least in its mainstream interpretation, has been particularly questioned during this pandemic. Further reflection on the nature and value of autonomy is urgently needed. Relational autonomy has been proposed as an alternative account of autonomy that can more adequately respond to contemporary ethical issues in general and to a pandemic such as the one we are currently facing in particular. As relational autonomy is an emerging notion in current bioethics, it requires further consideration and development to be properly operationalized. This paper aims to show how six different philosophical branches--namely, philosophy of nature, philosophical anthropology, existential phenomenology, discourse ethics, hermeneutics, and cultural anthropology--have incorporated the category of relation throughout the twentieth century. We first delve into primary philosophical sources and then apply their insights to the specific field of medical ethics. Learning from the historical developments of other philosophical fields may provide illumination that will enable bioethics to experience a successful "relational turn", which has been partially initiated in contemporary bioethics but not yet achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez-Vírseda
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/3, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Rafael Amo Usanos
- Bioethics Chair at the Universidad Pontificia Comillas, C/Universidad Comillas, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Akinbi A, Forshaw M, Blinkhorn V. Contact tracing apps for the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review of challenges and future directions for neo-liberal societies. Health Inf Sci Syst 2021; 9:18. [PMID: 33868671 PMCID: PMC8042619 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-021-00147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has spread with increased fatalities around the world and has become an international public health crisis. Public health authorities in many countries have introduced contact tracing apps to track and trace infected persons as part of measures to contain the spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2. However, there are major concerns about its efficacy and privacy which affects mass acceptance amongst a population. This systematic literature review encompasses the current challenges facing this technology and recommendations to address such challenges in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in neo-liberal societies. METHODS The systematic literature review was conducted by searching databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, PsycInfo and ScienceDirect using the search terms ("Contact Tracing" OR "Contact Tracing apps") AND ("COVID-19" OR "Coronavirus") to identify relevant literature. The searches were run against the title, keywords, or abstract, depending on the search platforms. The searches were conducted between January 1, 2020, through 31st January 2021. Further inputs were also taken from preprints, published government and technical reports. We explore and discuss from the selected literature, the key challenges and issues that influence unwillingness to use these contact tracing apps in neo-liberal societies which include the plausibility of abuse of user privacy rights and lack of trust in the government and public health authorities by their citizens. Other challenges identified and discussed include ethical issues, security vulnerabilities, user behaviour and participation, and technical constraints. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Finally, in the analysis of this systematic literature review, recommendations to address these challenges, future directions, and considerations in the use of digital contact tracing apps and related technologies to contain the spread of future pandemic outbreaks are presented. For policy makers in neo-liberal societies, this study provides an in-depth review of issues that must be addressed. We highlight recommendations to improve the willingness to use such digital technologies and could facilitate mass acceptance amongst users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Akinbi
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Forshaw
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Victoria Blinkhorn
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool, UK
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Rosati G, Idili A, Parolo C, Fuentes-Chust C, Calucho E, Hu L, Castro e Silva CDC, Rivas L, Nguyen EP, Bergua JF, Alvárez-Diduk R, Muñoz J, Junot C, Penon O, Monferrer D, Delamarche E, Merkoçi A. Nanodiagnostics to Face SARS-CoV-2 and Future Pandemics: From an Idea to the Market and Beyond. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17137-17149. [PMID: 34705433 PMCID: PMC8565461 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic made clear how our society requires quickly available tools to address emerging healthcare issues. Diagnostic assays and devices are used every day to screen for COVID-19 positive patients, with the aim to decide the appropriate treatment and containment measures. In this context, we would have expected to see the use of the most recent diagnostic technologies worldwide, including the advanced ones such as nano-biosensors capable to provide faster, more sensitive, cheaper, and high-throughput results than the standard polymerase chain reaction and lateral flow assays. Here we discuss why that has not been the case and why all the exciting diagnostic strategies published on a daily basis in peer-reviewed journals are not yet successful in reaching the market and being implemented in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rosati
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Idili
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Fuentes-Chust
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Calucho
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liming Hu
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia de Carvalho Castro e Silva
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- MackGraphe-Mackenzie
Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Consolação street 930, 01302-907 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Rivas
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P. Nguyen
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José F. Bergua
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruslan Alvárez-Diduk
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Muñoz
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal-Barcelona
Institute for Global Health, Carrer del Rosselló, 132, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christophe Junot
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE Departement Médicaments
et Technologies pour la Santé SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Oriol Penon
- Asphalion, Carrer de Tarragona 151-157, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Arben Merkoçi
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Ioannou A, Tussyadiah I. Privacy and surveillance attitudes during health crises: Acceptance of surveillance and privacy protection behaviours. TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY 2021; 67:101774. [PMID: 34642512 PMCID: PMC8497958 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The wide deployment of digital technologies for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered concerns about privacy and intrusion from government surveillance. This study investigates individual privacy and surveillance attitudes by developing a theoretical model to explain acceptance of government surveillance and privacy protection behaviours during health-crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from a US sample reveal that people are concerned about the collection and use of their personal information via mobile applications and the monitoring of their online activities by authorities. Findings reveal the important roles of political trust and belief that governments' need to be proactive in protecting peoples' welfare during a crisis that can increase acceptance of surveillance and thus assist in the management of the health crisis. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Ioannou
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Iis Tussyadiah
- School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
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Seberger JS, Patil S. Post-COVID Public Health Surveillance and Privacy Expectations in the United States: Scenario-Based Interview Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e30871. [PMID: 34519667 PMCID: PMC8494069 DOI: 10.2196/30871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone-based apps designed and deployed to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic may become infrastructure for postpandemic public health surveillance in the United States. Through the lenses of privacy concerns and user expectations of digital pandemic mitigation techniques, we identified possible long-term sociotechnical implications of such an infrastructure. OBJECTIVE We explored how people in the United States perceive the possible routinization of pandemic tracking apps for public health surveillance in general. Our interdisciplinary analysis focused on the interplay between privacy concerns, data practices of surveillance capitalism, and trust in health care providers. We conducted this analysis to achieve a richer understanding of the sociotechnical issues raised by the deployment and use of technology for pandemic mitigation. METHODS We conducted scenario-based, semistructured interviews (n=19) with adults in the United States. The interviews focused on how people perceive the short- and long-term privacy concerns associated with a fictional smart thermometer app deployed to mitigate the "outbreak of a contagious disease." In order to elicit future-oriented discussions, the scenario indicated that the app would continue functioning "after the disease outbreak has dissipated." We analyzed interview transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS In the context of pandemic mitigation technology, including app-based tracking, people perceive a core trade-off between public health and personal privacy. People tend to rationalize this trade-off by invoking the concept of "the greater good." The interplay between the trade-off and rationalization forms the core of sociotechnical issues that pandemic mitigation technologies raise. Participants routinely expected that data collected through apps related to public health would be shared with unknown third parties for the financial gain of the app makers. This expectation suggests a perceived alignment between an app-based infrastructure for public health surveillance and the broader economics of surveillance capitalism. Our results highlight unintended and unexpected sociotechnical impacts of routinizing app-based tracking on postpandemic life, which are rationalized by invoking a nebulous concept of the greater good. CONCLUSIONS While technologies such as app-based tracking could be useful for pandemic mitigation and preparedness, the routinization of such apps as a form of public health surveillance may have broader, unintentional sociotechnical implications for individuals and the societies in which they live. Although technology has the potential to increase the efficacy of pandemic mitigation, it exists within a broader network of sociotechnical concerns. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the long-term implications of pandemic mitigation technologies beyond the immediate needs of addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Potential negative consequences include the erosion of patient trust in health care systems and providers, grounded in concerns about privacy violations and overly broad surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Seberger
- College of Communication Arts & Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sameer Patil
- School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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30
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Mora L, Kummitha RKR, Esposito G. Not everything is as it seems: Digital technology affordance, pandemic control, and the mediating role of sociomaterial arrangements. GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY 2021; 38:101599. [PMID: 36570778 PMCID: PMC9758786 DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2021.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An overly favorable narrative has developed around the role played by digital technologies in containing Covid-19, which oversimplifies the complexity of technology adoption. This narrative takes sociomaterial arrangements for granted and conceptualizes technology affordance - the problem-solving capability of a technology - as a standard built-in feature that automatically activates during technology deployment, leading to undiversified and predetermined collective benefits. This paper demonstrates that not everything is as it seems; implementing a technology is a necessary but insufficient condition for triggering its potential problem-solving capability. The potential affordance and effects of a technology are mediated by the sociomaterial arrangements that users assemble to connect their goals to the materiality of technological artifacts and socio-organizational context in which technology deployment takes place. To substantiate this argument and illustrate the mediating role of sociomaterial arrangements, we build on sociomateriality and technology affordance theory, and we present the results of a systematic review of Covid-19 literature in which 2187 documents are examined. The review combines text data mining, co-occurrence pattern recognition, and inductive coding, and it focuses on four digital technologies that public authorities have deployed as virus containment measures: infrared temperature-sensing devices; ICT-based surveillance and contact-tracing systems; bioinformatic tools and applications for laboratory testing; and electronic mass communications media. Reporting on our findings, we add nuances to the academic debate on sociomateriality, technology affordance, and the governance of technology in public health crises. In addition, we provide public authorities with practical recommendations on how to strengthen their approach to digital technology deployment for pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mora
- The Business School, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Academy of Architecture and Urban Studies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Giovanni Esposito
- Smart City Institute, HEC Liège Management School, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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31
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Ding Q, Massey D, Huang C, Grady CB, Lu Y, Cohen A, Matzner P, Mahajan S, Caraballo C, Kumar N, Xue Y, Dreyer R, Roy B, Krumholz HM. Tracking Self-reported Symptoms and Medical Conditions on Social Media During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiological Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e29413. [PMID: 34517338 PMCID: PMC8480398 DOI: 10.2196/29413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harnessing health-related data posted on social media in real time can offer insights into how the pandemic impacts the mental health and general well-being of individuals and populations over time. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to obtain information on symptoms and medical conditions self-reported by non-Twitter social media users during the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine how discussion of these symptoms and medical conditions changed over time, and to identify correlations between frequency of the top 5 commonly mentioned symptoms post and daily COVID-19 statistics (new cases, new deaths, new active cases, and new recovered cases) in the United States. METHODS We used natural language processing (NLP) algorithms to identify symptom- and medical condition-related topics being discussed on social media between June 14 and December 13, 2020. The sample posts were geotagged by NetBase, a third-party data provider. We calculated the positive predictive value and sensitivity to validate the classification of posts. We also assessed the frequency of health-related discussions on social media over time during the study period, and used Pearson correlation coefficients to identify statistically significant correlations between the frequency of the 5 most commonly mentioned symptoms and fluctuation of daily US COVID-19 statistics. RESULTS Within a total of 9,807,813 posts (nearly 70% were sourced from the United States), we identified a discussion of 120 symptom-related topics and 1542 medical condition-related topics. Our classification of the health-related posts had a positive predictive value of over 80% and an average classification rate of 92% sensitivity. The 5 most commonly mentioned symptoms on social media during the study period were anxiety (in 201,303 posts or 12.2% of the total posts mentioning symptoms), generalized pain (189,673, 11.5%), weight loss (95,793, 5.8%), fatigue (91,252, 5.5%), and coughing (86,235, 5.2%). The 5 most discussed medical conditions were COVID-19 (in 5,420,276 posts or 66.4% of the total posts mentioning medical conditions), unspecified infectious disease (469,356, 5.8%), influenza (270,166, 3.3%), unspecified disorders of the central nervous system (253,407, 3.1%), and depression (151,752, 1.9%). Changes in posts in the frequency of anxiety, generalized pain, and weight loss were significant but negatively correlated with daily new COVID-19 cases in the United States (r=-0.49, r=-0.46, and r=-0.39, respectively; P<.05). Posts on the frequency of anxiety, generalized pain, weight loss, fatigue, and the changes in fatigue positively and significantly correlated with daily changes in both new deaths and new active cases in the United States (r ranged=0.39-0.48; P<.05). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 and symptoms of anxiety were the 2 most commonly discussed health-related topics on social media from June 14 to December 13, 2020. Real-time monitoring of social media posts on symptoms and medical conditions may help assess the population's mental health status and enhance public health surveillance for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Ding
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Daisy Massey
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chenxi Huang
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Connor B Grady
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | | - Shiwani Mahajan
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - César Caraballo
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yuchen Xue
- Foundation for a Smoke-Free World, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Dreyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Brita Roy
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
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32
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Schneemann M, Suter PM. [Self-Determined Dying]. PRAXIS 2021; 110:599-600. [PMID: 34465195 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Dibble KE, Connor AE. COVID-19 Experiences Predicting High Anxiety and Depression Among a Sample of BRCA1/BRCA2-positive Women in the US. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021. [PMID: 34401875 PMCID: PMC8366809 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-763516/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. During the COVID-19 pandemic, breast and ovarian cancer survivors experienced more anxiety and depression than before the pandemic. Studies have not investigated the similarities of this trend among BRCA1/2-positive women who are considered high risk for these cancers. The current study examines the impact of COVID-19 experiences on anxiety and depression in a sample of BRCA1/2-positive women in the U.S. Methods. 211 BRCA1/2-positive women from medically underserved backgrounds completed an online survey. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression for associations between COVID-19 experiences and self-reported anxiety and depression stratified by demographic factors. Results. Overall, women who reported quarantining/isolation (aOR, 0.46, 95% CI, 0.24–0.88) experienced significantly fewer depressive symptoms than women who did not report this experience. Racial/ethnic minority women caring for someone at home during COVID-19 were 3.78 times more likely (95% CI, 1.04–13.6) to report high anxiety while non-Hispanic white women were less likely (aOR, 0.36, 95% CI, 0.10–1.33, p-interaction=0.011). Conclusions. To date, this is the first study to analyze anxiety and depression considering several COVID-19 predictors among BRCA1/2-positive women. Our findings can be used to inform future research and advise COVID-19-related mental health resources specific to these women.
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Grekousis G, Liu Y. Digital contact tracing, community uptake, and proximity awareness technology to fight COVID-19: a systematic review. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 71:102995. [PMID: 34002124 PMCID: PMC8114870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.102995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Digital contact tracing provides an expeditious and comprehensive way to collect and analyze data on people's proximity, location, movement, and health status. However, this technique raises concerns about data privacy and its overall effectiveness. This paper contributes to this debate as it provides a systematic review of digital contact tracing studies between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Following the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews and the CHEERS statement for quality assessment, 580 papers were initially screened, and 19 papers were included in a qualitative synthesis. We add to the current literature in three ways. First, we evaluate whether digital contact tracing can mitigate COVID-19 by either reducing the effective reproductive number or the infected cases. Second, we study whether digital is more effective than manual contact tracing. Third, we analyze how proximity/location awareness technologies affect data privacy and population participation. We also discuss proximity/location accuracy problems arising when these technologies are applied in different built environments (i.e., home, transport, mall, park). This review provides a strong rationale for using digital contact tracing under specific requirements. Outcomes may inform current digital contact tracing implementation efforts worldwide regarding the potential benefits, technical limitations, and trade-offs between effectiveness and privacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Grekousis
- School of Geography and Planning, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, No 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Haizhu, 510275, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, No 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Haizhu, 510275, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Geography and Planning, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, No 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Haizhu, 510275, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, No 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Haizhu, 510275, China
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35
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Gelinas L, Morrell W, White SA, Bierer BE. Navigating the ethics of remote research data collection. Clin Trials 2021; 18:606-614. [PMID: 34231414 DOI: 10.1177/17407745211027245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has accelerated broad trends already in place toward remote research data collection and monitoring. This move implicates novel ethical and regulatory challenges which have not yet received due attention. Existing work is preliminary and does not seek to identify or grapple with the issues in a rigorous and sophisticated way. Here, we provide a framework for identifying and addressing challenges that we believe can help the research community realize the benefits of remote technologies while preserving ethical ideals and public trust. We organize issues into several distinct categories and provide points to consider in a table that can help facilitate ethical design and review of research studies using remote health instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Gelinas
- Advarra IRB, Columbia, MD, USA.,Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Walker Morrell
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A White
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barbara E Bierer
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hirschprung RS, Hajaj C. Prediction model for the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak in the global environment. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07416. [PMID: 34226882 PMCID: PMC8238641 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has long become a worldwide pandemic. It is responsible for the death of over two million people and posed an economic recession. This paper studies the spread pattern of COVID-19, aiming to establish a prediction model for this event. We harness Data Mining and Machine Learning methodologies to train regression models to predict the number of confirmed cases in a spatial-temporal space. We introduce an innovative concept ‒ the Center of Infection Mass (CoIM) ‒ adapted from the field of physics. We empirically evaluated our model on western European countries, based on the CoIM index and other features, and showed that a relatively high accurate prediction of the spread can be obtained. Our contribution is twofold: first, we introduced a prediction methodology and proved empirically that a prediction can be made even to the range of over a month; second, we showed promise in adopting the CoIM index to prediction models, when models that adopt the CoIM yield significantly better results than those that discard it. By applying our model, and better controlling the inherent tradeoff between life-saving and economy, we believe that decision-makers can take close to optimal measures. Thus, this methodology may contribute to public welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron S. Hirschprung
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Chen Hajaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ariel University, Israel
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Tomczyk S, Barth S, Schmidt S, Muehlan H. Utilizing Health Behavior Change and Technology Acceptance Models to Predict the Adoption of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Cross-sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25447. [PMID: 33882016 PMCID: PMC8136409 DOI: 10.2196/25447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To combat the global COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing apps have been discussed as digital health solutions to track infection chains and provide appropriate information. However, observational studies point to low acceptance in most countries, and few studies have yet examined theory-based predictors of app use in the general population to guide health communication efforts. Objective This study utilizes established health behavior change and technology acceptance models to predict adoption intentions and frequency of current app use. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey between May and July 2020 in a German convenience sample (N=349; mean age 35.62 years; n=226, 65.3% female). To inspect the incremental validity of model constructs as well as additional variables (privacy concerns, personalization), hierarchical regression models were applied, controlling for covariates. Results The theory of planned behavior and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology predicted adoption intentions (R2=56%-63%) and frequency of current app use (R2=33%-37%). A combined model only marginally increased the predictive value by about 5%, but lower privacy concerns and higher threat appraisals (ie, anticipatory anxiety) significantly predicted app use when included as additional variables. Moreover, the impact of perceived usefulness was positive for adoption intentions but negative for frequency of current app use. Conclusions This study identified several theory-based predictors of contact tracing app use. However, few constructs, such as social norms, have a consistent positive effect across models and outcomes. Further research is required to replicate these observations, and to examine the interconnectedness of these constructs and their impact throughout the pandemic. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that promulgating affirmative social norms and positive emotional effects of app use, as well as addressing health concerns, might be promising strategies to foster adoption intentions and app use in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Tomczyk
- Department Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Simon Barth
- Department Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Department Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Muehlan
- Department Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Lin J, Carter L, Liu D. Privacy concerns and digital government: exploring citizen willingness to adopt the COVIDSafe app. EUR J INFORM SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0960085x.2021.1920857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiesen Lin
- Information Systems and Technology Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lemuria Carter
- Information Systems and Technology Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Information Systems and Technology Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Shahid O, Nasajpour M, Pouriyeh S, Parizi RM, Han M, Valero M, Li F, Aledhari M, Sheng QZ. Machine learning research towards combating COVID-19: Virus detection, spread prevention, and medical assistance. J Biomed Inform 2021; 117:103751. [PMID: 33771732 PMCID: PMC7987503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 was first discovered in December 2019 and has continued to rapidly spread across countries worldwide infecting thousands and millions of people. The virus is deadly, and people who are suffering from prior illnesses or are older than the age of 60 are at a higher risk of mortality. Medicine and Healthcare industries have surged towards finding a cure, and different policies have been amended to mitigate the spread of the virus. While Machine Learning (ML) methods have been widely used in other domains, there is now a high demand for ML-aided diagnosis systems for screening, tracking, predicting the spread of COVID-19 and finding a cure against it. In this paper, we present a journey of what role ML has played so far in combating the virus, mainly looking at it from a screening, forecasting, and vaccine perspective. We present a comprehensive survey of the ML algorithms and models that can be used on this expedition and aid with battling the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Shahid
- Department of Information Technology, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Mohammad Nasajpour
- Department of Information Technology, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Seyedamin Pouriyeh
- Department of Information Technology, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Reza M Parizi
- Department of Software Engineering and Game Development, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Meng Han
- Department of Information Technology, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Maria Valero
- Department of Information Technology, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Fangyu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Mohammed Aledhari
- Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Quan Z Sheng
- Department of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Russo D, Hanel PHP, Altnickel S, van Berkel N. Predictors of well-being and productivity among software professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic - a longitudinal study. EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2021; 26:62. [PMID: 33942010 PMCID: PMC8080489 DOI: 10.1007/s10664-021-09945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments worldwide to impose movement restrictions on their citizens. Although critical to reducing the virus' reproduction rate, these restrictions come with far-reaching social and economic consequences. In this paper, we investigate the impact of these restrictions on an individual level among software engineers who were working from home. Although software professionals are accustomed to working with digital tools, but not all of them remotely, in their day-to-day work, the abrupt and enforced work-from-home context has resulted in an unprecedented scenario for the software engineering community. In a two-wave longitudinal study (N = 192), we covered over 50 psychological, social, situational, and physiological factors that have previously been associated with well-being or productivity. Examples include anxiety, distractions, coping strategies, psychological and physical needs, office set-up, stress, and work motivation. This design allowed us to identify the variables that explained unique variance in well-being and productivity. Results include (1) the quality of social contacts predicted positively, and stress predicted an individual's well-being negatively when controlling for other variables consistently across both waves; (2) boredom and distractions predicted productivity negatively; (3) productivity was less strongly associated with all predictor variables at time two compared to time one, suggesting that software engineers adapted to the lockdown situation over time; and (4) longitudinal analyses did not provide evidence that any predictor variable causal explained variance in well-being and productivity. Overall, we conclude that working from home was per se not a significant challenge for software engineers. Finally, our study can assess the effectiveness of current work-from-home and general well-being and productivity support guidelines and provides tailored insights for software professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Russo
- Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Niels van Berkel
- Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Quinn E, Hsiao KH, Maitland-Scott I, Gomez M, Baysari MT, Najjar Z, Gupta L. Web-Based Apps for Responding to Acute Infectious Disease Outbreaks in the Community: Systematic Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e24330. [PMID: 33881406 PMCID: PMC8100883 DOI: 10.2196/24330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Web-based technology has dramatically improved our ability to detect communicable disease outbreaks, with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality because of swift public health action. Apps accessible through the internet and on mobile devices create an opportunity to enhance our traditional indicator-based surveillance systems, which have high specificity but issues with timeliness. Objective The aim of this study is to describe the literature on web-based apps for indicator-based surveillance and response to acute communicable disease outbreaks in the community with regard to their design, implementation, and evaluation. Methods We conducted a systematic search of the published literature across four databases (MEDLINE via OVID, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Science, and Google Scholar) for peer-reviewed journal papers from January 1998 to October 2019 using a keyword search. Papers with the full text available were extracted for review, and exclusion criteria were applied to identify eligible papers. Results Of the 6649 retrieved papers, 23 remained, describing 15 web-based apps. Apps were primarily designed to improve the early detection of disease outbreaks, targeted government settings, and comprised either complex algorithmic or statistical outbreak detection mechanisms or both. We identified a need for these apps to have more features to support secure information exchange and outbreak response actions, with a focus on outbreak verification processes and staff and resources to support app operations. Evaluation studies (6 out of 15 apps) were mostly cross-sectional, with some evidence of reduction in time to notification of outbreak; however, studies lacked user-based needs assessments and evaluation of implementation. Conclusions Public health officials designing new or improving existing disease outbreak web-based apps should ensure that outbreak detection is automatic and signals are verified by users, the app is easy to use, and staff and resources are available to support the operations of the app and conduct rigorous and holistic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Quinn
- Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown Public Health Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Campus, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kai Hsun Hsiao
- Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown Public Health Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Campus, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Isis Maitland-Scott
- Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown Public Health Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Campus, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Gomez
- Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown Public Health Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Campus, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa T Baysari
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zeina Najjar
- Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown Public Health Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Campus, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leena Gupta
- Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown Public Health Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Campus, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Prado NMDBL, Biscarde DGDS, Pinto Junior EP, Santos HLPCD, Mota SEDC, Menezes ELCD, Oliveira JS, Santos AMD. Primary care-based health surveillance actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: contributions to the debate. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:2843-2857. [PMID: 34231697 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021267.00582021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted an integrated literature review aimed at reflecting on the challenges related to primary care-based health surveillance actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in selected countries. The study included countries with different PHC models that adopted surveillance as an approach to control the transmission of COVID-19. We performed a search in October 2020 for relevant literature and norms and guidelines related to the organization of primary health care (PHC) in response to the pandemic on official government websites and the databases Web of Science and Science Direct. The integrated health surveillance actions demonstrated that efforts were more focused on risks, with some countries adopting innovative and effective measures to respond to COVID-19, considering emerging needs within PHC. However, in addition to ethical controversies and operational difficulties, access to technology was a challenge in actions developed by some countries due to social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilia Maria de Brito Lima Prado
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Campus Anísio Teixeira. Rua Hormindo Barros 58 Quadra 17 Lote 58. 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista. BA Brasil.
| | | | - Elzo Pereira Pinto Junior
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Parque Tecnológico da Bahia. Salvador BA Brasil
| | | | | | - Erica Lima Costa de Menezes
- Núcleo Técnico Científico de Telessaúde, Diretoria de Atenção Básica, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Salvador BA Brasil
| | - Josilene Silva Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Campus Anísio Teixeira. Rua Hormindo Barros 58 Quadra 17 Lote 58. 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista. BA Brasil.
| | - Adriano Maia Dos Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Campus Anísio Teixeira. Rua Hormindo Barros 58 Quadra 17 Lote 58. 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista. BA Brasil.
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Kouis P, Michanikou A, Anagnostopoulou P, Galanakis E, Michaelidou E, Dimitriou H, Matthaiou AM, Kinni P, Achilleos S, Zacharatos H, Papatheodorou SI, Koutrakis P, Nikolopoulos GK, Yiallouros PK. Use of wearable sensors to assess compliance of asthmatic children in response to lockdown measures for the COVID-19 epidemic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5895. [PMID: 33723342 PMCID: PMC7971022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Between March and April 2020, Cyprus and Greece health authorities enforced three escalated levels of public health interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We quantified compliance of 108 asthmatic schoolchildren (53 from Cyprus, 55 from Greece, mean age 9.7 years) from both countries to intervention levels, using wearable sensors to continuously track personal location and physical activity. Changes in 'fraction time spent at home' and 'total steps/day' were assessed with a mixed-effects model adjusting for confounders. We observed significant mean increases in 'fraction time spent at home' in Cyprus and Greece, during each intervention level by 41.4% and 14.3% (level 1), 48.7% and 23.1% (level 2) and 45.2% and 32.0% (level 3), respectively. Physical activity in Cyprus and Greece demonstrated significant mean decreases by - 2,531 and - 1,191 (level 1), - 3,638 and - 2,337 (level 2) and - 3,644 and - 1,961 (level 3) total steps/day, respectively. Significant independent effects of weekends and age were found on 'fraction time spent at home'. Similarly, weekends, age, humidity and gender had an independent effect on physical activity. We suggest that wearable technology provides objective, continuous, real-time location and activity data making possible to inform in a timely manner public health officials on compliance to various tiers of public health interventions during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Kouis
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis Michanikou
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pinelopi Anagnostopoulou
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Helen Dimitriou
- Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas M Matthaiou
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paraskevi Kinni
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Souzana Achilleos
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | - Stefania I Papatheodorou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | | | - Panayiotis K Yiallouros
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Sabatello M, Jackson Scroggins M, Goto G, Santiago A, McCormick A, Morris KJ, Daulton CR, Easter CL, Darien G. Structural Racism in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moving Forward. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2021; 21:56-74. [PMID: 33345745 PMCID: PMC10243282 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1851808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a substantial human, social and economic toll globally, but its impact on Black/African Americans, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native communities in the U.S. is unconscionable. As the U.S. continues to combat the current COVID-19 cycle and prepares for future pandemics, it will be critical to learn from and rectify past and contemporary wrongs. Drawing on experiences in genomic research and intersecting areas in medical ethics, health disparities, and human rights, this article considers three key COVID-19-related issues: research to identify remedies; testing, contact tracing and surveillance; and lingering health needs and disability. It provides a pathway for the future: community engagement to develop culturally-sensitive responses to the myriad genomic/bioethical dilemmas that arise, and the establishment of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to transition the country from its contemporary state of segregation in healthcare and health outcomes into an equitable and prosperous society for all.
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Huang W, Cao B, Yang G, Luo N, Chao N. Turn to the Internet First? Using Online Medical Behavioral Data to Forecast COVID-19 Epidemic Trend. Inf Process Manag 2021; 58:102486. [PMID: 33519039 PMCID: PMC7836698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The surveillance and forecast of newly confirmed cases are important to mobilize medical resources and facilitate policymaking during a public health emergency. Digital surveillance using data available online has increasingly become a trend with the advancement of the Internet. In this study, we assessed the predictive value of multiple online medical behavioral data, including online medical consultation (OMC), online medical appointment (OMA), and online medical search (OMS) for the regional outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in Shenzhen, China during January 1, 2020 to March 5, 2020. Multivariate vector autoregression models were used for the prediction. The results identified a novel predictor, OMC, which can forecast the disease trend up to 2 days ahead of the official reports of confirmed cases from the local health department. OMS data had relatively weaker predictive power than OMC in our model, and OMA data failed to predict the confirmed cases. This study highlights the importance of OMC data and has implication in providing evidence-based guidelines for local authorities to evaluate risks and allocate resources during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Huang
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bolin Cao
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ningzheng Luo
- Health 160, Shenzhen Ningyuan Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Naipeng Chao
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
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Dutta A, Fischer HW. The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India. WORLD DEVELOPMENT 2021; 138:105234. [PMID: 33106724 PMCID: PMC7578699 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Countries around the world have undertaken a wide range of strategies to halt the spread of COVID-19 and control the economic fallout left in its wake. Rural areas of developing countries pose particular difficulties for developing and implementing effective responses owing to underdeveloped health infrastructure, uneven state capacity for infection control, and endemic poverty. This paper makes the case for the critical role of local governance in coordinating pandemic response by examining how state authorities are attempting to bridge the gap between the need for rapid, vigorous response to the pandemic and local realities in three Indian states - Rajasthan, Odisha, and Kerala. Through a combination of interviews with mid and low-level bureaucrats and a review of policy documents, we show how the urgency of COVID-19 response has galvanized new kinds of cross-sectoral and multi-scalar interaction between administrative units involved in coordinating responses, as local governments have assumed central responsibility in the implementation of disease control and social security mechanisms. Evidence from Kerala in particular suggests that the state's long term investment in democratic local government and arrangements for incorporating women within grassroots state functions (through its Kudumbashree program) has built a high degree of public trust and cooperation with state actors, while local authorities embrace an ethic of care in the implementation of state responses. These observations, from the early months of the pandemic in South Asia, can serve as a foundation for future studies of how existing institutional arrangements and their histories pattern the long-term success of disease control and livelihood support as the pandemic proceeds. Governance, we argue, will be as important to understanding the trajectory of COVID-19 impacts and recovery as biology, demography, and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Dutta
- Chr Michelsen Institute, P.O.Box 6033, N-5892 Bergen, Norway
| | - Harry W Fischer
- Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7012, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Bradshaw EL, Ryan RM, Noetel M, Saeri AK, Slattery P, Grundy E, Calvo R. Information Safety Assurances Increase Intentions to Use COVID-19 Contact Tracing Applications, Regardless of Autonomy-Supportive or Controlling Message Framing. Front Psychol 2021; 11:591638. [PMID: 33542699 PMCID: PMC7852485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting the use of contact tracing technology will be an important step in global recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Across two studies, we assessed two messaging strategies as motivators of intended contact tracing uptake. In one sample of 1117 Australian adults and one sample of 888 American adults, we examined autonomy-supportive and controlling message framing and the presence or absence of information safety as predictors of intended contact tracing application uptake, using an online randomized 2 × 2 experimental design. The results suggested that the provision of data safety assurances may be key in affecting people’s intentions to use contact tracing technology, an effect we found in both samples regardless of whether messages were framed as autonomy-supportive or controlling. Those in high information safety conditions consistently reported higher intended uptake and more positive perceptions of the application than those in low information safety conditions. In Study 2, we also found that perceptions of government legitimacy related positively to intended application uptake, as did political affiliation. In sum, individuals appeared more willing to assent to authority regarding contact tracing insofar as their data safety can be assured. Yet, public messaging strategies alone may be insufficient to initiate intentions to change behavior, even in these unprecedented circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bradshaw
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard M Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Noetel
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander K Saeri
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Slattery
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Grundy
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rafael Calvo
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Conclusions. RESEARCHES AND APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO MITIGATE PANDEMICS 2021. [PMCID: PMC8085314 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90959-4.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This chapter presents the usage of data science, which further helps in exploring the global pandemic COVID-19. This disease suppresses an overwhelming burden, not only to healthcare systems but to the world's economy too. In this era of techniques and technologies, it is believed that data science can better utilize scarce healthcare resources. In this chapter, we provide an introduction of data science and its applications, which helps in combating different aspects of COVID-19. Publicly available datasets related to disease are used as community resources. Different kinds of datasets are used to analyze various aspects of pandemic at different scales. These different kinds of datasets can be audio, video, textual, speech, and sensor data. More than hundreds of research articles are also studied to prepare a bibliometric study. Apart from grabbing all the advantages from datasets, this paper highlights a few challenges, such as surety of correct data, need of multidisciplinary collaboration, new data modality, security issues, and availability of data.
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Šakan D, Žuljević D, Rokvić N. The Role of Basic Psychological Needs in Well-Being During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective. Front Public Health 2020; 8:583181. [PMID: 33282817 PMCID: PMC7689268 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.583181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the coronavirus outbreak, people around the world are facing various challenges in maintaining their well-being, which can be compromised due to risk of illness and harsh measures of social distancing. As proposed by the Self-Determination Theory, basic psychological needs are essential nutrients of well-being. The aim of this study was to examine the role of basic psychological needs in well-being during the pandemic. A sequential mediation model was examined, that links positive and negative affectivity to well-being (satisfaction with life and general distress) through satisfaction and frustration of the basic psychological needs (for autonomy, competence, and relatedness). The study involved 965 participants (Mage = 29; 57% females) from Serbia. The Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and The Serbian Inventory of Affect based on the Panas-X were used. All the tested models were statistically significant. Controlling for age, gender, having children, health, employment, and marital status, direct effects in all models were highly significant, explaining up to 59% of criteria variance. The proportion of the explained variance was even higher when accounting for indirect effects. Sequential mediation models revealed that the indirect relationships between positive and negative affectivity and satisfaction with life and general distress were serially mediated by autonomy satisfaction, competence frustration, relatedness satisfaction, and relatedness frustration. This study raised an important question on how the disposition to experience more positive or negative emotions affects the change in subjective well-being. These results, coherent with the Self-Determination Theory postulates, add to the understanding of human functioning in the times of extraordinary circumstances during a pandemic, by suggesting that satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs might have a key role in obtaining optimal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušana Šakan
- Faculty of Legal and Business Studies Dr Lazar Vrtakic, Department of Psychology, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Golinelli D, Boetto E, Carullo G, Nuzzolese AG, Landini MP, Fantini MP. Adoption of Digital Technologies in Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Early Scientific Literature. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e22280. [PMID: 33079693 PMCID: PMC7652596 DOI: 10.2196/22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is favoring digital transitions in many industries and in society as a whole. Health care organizations have responded to the first phase of the pandemic by rapidly adopting digital solutions and advanced technology tools. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to describe the digital solutions that have been reported in the early scientific literature to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on individuals and health systems. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of early COVID-19-related literature (from January 1 to April 30, 2020) by searching MEDLINE and medRxiv with appropriate terms to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to the pandemic. We extracted study characteristics such as the paper title, journal, and publication date, and we categorized the retrieved papers by the type of technology and patient needs addressed. We built a scoring rubric by cross-classifying the patient needs with the type of technology. We also extracted information and classified each technology reported by the selected articles according to health care system target, grade of innovation, and scalability to other geographical areas. RESULTS The search identified 269 articles, of which 124 full-text articles were assessed and included in the review after screening. Most of the selected articles addressed the use of digital technologies for diagnosis, surveillance, and prevention. We report that most of these digital solutions and innovative technologies have been proposed for the diagnosis of COVID-19. In particular, within the reviewed articles, we identified numerous suggestions on the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tools for the diagnosis and screening of COVID-19. Digital technologies are also useful for prevention and surveillance measures, such as contact-tracing apps and monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. Fewer scientific contributions address the use of digital technologies for lifestyle empowerment or patient engagement. CONCLUSIONS In the field of diagnosis, digital solutions that integrate with traditional methods, such as AI-based diagnostic algorithms based both on imaging and clinical data, appear to be promising. For surveillance, digital apps have already proven their effectiveness; however, problems related to privacy and usability remain. For other patient needs, several solutions have been proposed, such as telemedicine or telehealth tools. These tools have long been available, but this historical moment may actually be favoring their definitive large-scale adoption. It is worth taking advantage of the impetus provided by the crisis; it is also important to keep track of the digital solutions currently being proposed to implement best practices and models of care in future and to adopt at least some of the solutions proposed in the scientific literature, especially in national health systems, which have proved to be particularly resistant to the digital transition in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Golinelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Boetto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gherardo Carullo
- Department of Italian and Supranational Public Law, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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