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Tan RKJ, Shan W, Hummel E, Deji J, Babatunde Y, Waiswa RM, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Tang W, del Pilar-Labarda M, Halpaap B, Tucker JD. Youth engagement and social innovation in health in low-and-middle-income countries: Analysis of a global youth crowdsourcing open call. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003394. [PMID: 39024302 PMCID: PMC11257312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Social innovation in health is a ground-up, community-engaged process that draws on the diverse strengths of local individuals to drive social change and health improvement. Social innovation may be particularly useful in low and middle-income countries to ensure effective and sustainable health solutions. The purpose of this study is to describe the findings of a global youth (18-35 years old) crowdsourcing open call on social innovations, and to identify the levels of engagement in such innovations. We organized a global crowdsourcing open call (Go Youth!) to identify and recognize youth social innovations in health and adopted both quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze our data. For quantitative analyses, we described the socio-demographic characteristics of youth who submitted innovations. For qualitative analyses, we adopted a deductive-inductive analytic approach utilizing an adapted Hart's Ladder as a conceptual framework for our thematic analysis of participants' submissions, which comprised four levels of youth engagement: none, minimal, moderate, and substantial. The open call received 99 eligible submissions. Most participants were 23 years of age or older (90.7%), resided in LMICs (98.0%), male (64.3%), and had a bachelor's or higher degree (72.4%). Most of the submissions were written in English (93.9%), located in Africa (69.7%), and had prior implementation (60.2%). A total of 39 innovations had substantial youth engagement and qualitative data suggested that youth leadership and peer mentorship of other youth in the community were important aspects of engagement. LMIC youth developed and implemented social innovations that had evidence of impact or effectiveness in their communities, illustrating how social innovation approaches may be feasible in LMICs. More efforts should be made to identify and empower youth in these settings to spark change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayner Kay Jin Tan
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenjie Shan
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Department of International Clinic, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Eleanor Hummel
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Yusuf Babatunde
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Translational Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yusha Tao
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meredith del Pilar-Labarda
- Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila—School of Health Sciences, Palo, Leyte, Philippines
| | - Beatrice Halpaap
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Tao Y, Tan RKJ, Wohlfarth M, Ahumuza E, Aribodor OB, Cruz JRB, Fajardo MS, Magista M, Marley G, Mier-Alpaño JD, Ogwaluonye UC, Paipilla KA, Scott CP, Ulitin A, Chen E, Wu D, Awor P, Tang W, Labarda M, Tucker JD. Social innovation in health training to engage researchers in resource-limited settings: process description and evaluation. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae025. [PMID: 38501311 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on social innovations in health has increased in recent years. However, little training is geared toward enhancing social innovation research capacity. Most health training for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is developed by individuals in high-income countries, disregarding LMIC researchers' wisdom and insights and the communities' needs. Our team organized a multi-phase investigation involving a series of surveys and co-creation group discussions to assess individuals' training needs that directly informed a subsequent co-created training workshop series. We conducted a Hennessy-Hicks Training Needs Assessment among the Social Innovation in Health Initiative (SIHI) network and formed a co-creation group comprising SIHI fellows to design related training workshops. We ran a final evaluation survey and analyzed the workshop series' strengths, weaknesses and threats. Descriptive and thematic analysis were employed to analyze survey data and open-ended responses. The final evaluation survey captured data from 165 learners in 35 countries, including 26 LMICs. Most participants (67.3%, 111/165) rated the training workshop series as excellent, and 30.3% (50/165) rated it as good on a five-point scale. The need for writing research grants and manuscripts was rated the highest priority. Learners were interested in community-engaged research and diversity, equity and inclusion. This workshop illustrated how co-creation could be an effective tool for developing training materials tailored for LMIC researchers. We also offer a template for conducting a needs assessment and subsequent training workshops for LMICs. The ground-up, locally developed courses may be more effective than externally developed training programs intended for LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Tao
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, No. 7 Lujing Road, China
- Dermatology Hospital of South Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 2 Lujing Road, China
| | - Rayner Kay Jin Tan
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, No. 7 Lujing Road, China
- Dermatology Hospital of South Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 2 Lujing Road, China
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Megan Wohlfarth
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel Ahumuza
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ogechukwu Benedicta Aribodor
- Social Innovation in Health Initiative (SIHI), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Malida Magista
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Gifty Marley
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, No. 7 Lujing Road, China
- Dermatology Hospital of South Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 2 Lujing Road, China
| | | | - Uchenna Chukwunonso Ogwaluonye
- Social Innovation in Health Initiative (SIHI), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Charlotte Pana Scott
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Allan Ulitin
- Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Elizabeth Chen
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Phyllis Awor
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, No. 7 Lujing Road, China
- Dermatology Hospital of South Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 2 Lujing Road, China
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2nd Floor, Bioinformatics Building, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meredith Labarda
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, No. 7 Lujing Road, China
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2nd Floor, Bioinformatics Building, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Masselot C, Greshake Tzovaras B, Graham CLB, Finnegan G, Jeyaram R, Vitali I, Landrain T, Santolini M. Implementing the Co-Immune Open Innovation Program to Address Vaccination Hesitancy and Access to Vaccines: Retrospective Study. J Particip Med 2022; 14:e32125. [PMID: 35060917 PMCID: PMC8817221 DOI: 10.2196/32125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of major complex public health problems, such as vaccination hesitancy and access to vaccination, requires innovative, open, and transdisciplinary approaches. Yet, institutional silos and lack of participation on the part of nonacademic citizens in the design of solutions hamper efforts to meet these challenges. Against this background, new solutions have been explored, with participatory research, citizen science, hackathons, and challenge-based approaches being applied in the context of public health. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to develop a program for creating citizen science and open innovation projects that address the contemporary challenges of vaccination in France and around the globe. METHODS We designed and implemented Co-Immune, a program created to tackle the question of vaccination hesitancy and access to vaccination through an online and offline challenge-based open innovation approach. The program was run on the open science platform Just One Giant Lab. RESULTS Over a 6-month period, the Co-Immune program gathered 234 participants of diverse backgrounds and 13 partners from the public and private sectors. The program comprised 10 events to facilitate the creation of 20 new projects, as well as the continuation of two existing projects, to address the issues of vaccination hesitancy and access, ranging from app development and data mining to analysis and game design. In an open framework, the projects made their data, code, and solutions publicly available. CONCLUSIONS Co-Immune highlights how open innovation approaches and online platforms can help to gather and coordinate noninstitutional communities in a rapid, distributed, and global way toward solving public health issues. Such initiatives can lead to the production and transfer of knowledge, creating novel solutions in the public health sector. The example of Co-Immune contributes to paving the way for organizations and individuals to collaboratively tackle future global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rathin Jeyaram
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, INSERM U1284, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marc Santolini
- Just One Giant Lab Association, Paris, France
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, INSERM U1284, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
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Szeszulski J, Helal Salsa G, Cuccaro P, Markham CM, Martin M, Savas LS, Valerio-Shewmaker M, Walker TJ, Springer AE. Using Community-Academic Partnerships and a Creative Expression Contest to Engage Youth in the Development of Communication Materials for Promoting Behaviors That Prevent COVID-19. Health Promot Pract 2022; 23:609-618. [PMID: 35043711 DOI: 10.1177/15248399211070547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Youth can transmit COVID-19 to adults, but few communication materials exist for engaging youth in COVID-19 prevention behaviors. We describe the process of leveraging a community-academic partnership in a rapid response initiative to engage youth in a contest (i.e., Youth-Led Creative Expression Contest to Prevent COVID-19 across Texas) to develop creative public health messaging centered on the prevention of COVID-19 transmission and infection for their peers. Core activities included developing a request for applications that solicited submission of creative expression materials promoting the use of COVID-19 prevention behaviors (mask-wearing, social distancing, handwashing, not touching the face) from Texas youth in elementary, middle, and/or high school; sending the request for applications to 48 organizations in Austin, Brownsville, Dallas, El Paso, Houston, and San Antonio in summer 2020; and recruiting a youth advisory board to score submissions and award prizes. We report on youth engagement in the COVID communication contest across Texas and use statistics (chi-square and t-tests) to characterize and compare youth participants and their creative expression artwork. The contest resulted in 3,003 website views and 34 submissions eligible for scoring. Each submission averaged >2 prevention behaviors. On average, winning submissions included a higher number of prevention behaviors than nonwinning submissions. The prevention behavior "not touching the face" was included more often in winning submissions than nonwinning submissions. Elementary school children were less likely to include a mask in their submission compared with older youth. Existing community-academic networks can engage youth in the development of geographically and age-tailored communication materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Szeszulski
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ghadir Helal Salsa
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Brownsville, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Paula Cuccaro
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Markham
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Martin
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lara S Savas
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Valerio-Shewmaker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Brownsville, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J Walker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew E Springer
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Han L, Tang W, Ritchwood T, Day S, Wei S, Bao H, John R, Kpokiri E, Mathanga D, Awor P, Juban N, Castro-Arroyave D, Ambil V, Xiong Y, Oppong E, Tucker J. Joint international consensus statement on crowdsourcing challenge contests in health and medicine: results of a modified Delphi process. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048699. [PMID: 34740928 PMCID: PMC8573649 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a consensus statement to provide advice on designing, implementing and evaluating crowdsourcing challenge contests in public health and medical contexts. DESIGN Modified Delphi using three rounds of survey questionnaires and one consensus workshop. SETTING Uganda for face-to-face consensus activities, global for online survey questionnaires. PARTICIPANTS A multidisciplinary expert panel was convened at a consensus-development conference in Uganda and included 21 researchers with experience leading challenge contests, five public health sector workers, and nine Ugandan end users. An online survey was sent to 140 corresponding authors of previously published articles that had used crowdsourcing methods. RESULTS A subgroup of expert panel members developed the initial statement and survey. We received responses from 120 (85.7%) survey participants, which were presented at an in-person workshop of all 21 panel members. Panelists discussed each of the sections, revised the statement, and participated in a second round of the survey questionnaire. Based on this second survey round, we held detailed discussions of each subsection with workshop participants and further revised the consensus statement. We then conducted the third round of the questionnaire among the 21 expert panelists and used the results to finalize the statement. This iterative process resulted in 23 final statement items, all with greater than 80% consensus. Statement items are organised into the seven stages of a challenge contest, including the following: considering the appropriateness, organising a community steering committee, promoting the contest, assessing contributions, recognising contributors, sharing ideas and evaluating the contest (COPARSE). CONCLUSIONS There is high agreement among crowdsourcing experts and stakeholders on the design and implementation of crowdsourcing challenge contests. The COPARSE consensus statement can be used to organise crowdsourcing challenge contests, improve the rigour and reproducibility of crowdsourcing research and enable large-scale collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Project China, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Guangzhou, China
- STD Control Department, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiarney Ritchwood
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne Day
- Department of Medicine-Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shufang Wei
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanyu Bao
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Randall John
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eneyi Kpokiri
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Don Mathanga
- Malaria Alert Centre, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi
| | - Phyllis Awor
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Noel Juban
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Vibhu Ambil
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Joseph Tucker
- Department of Medicine-Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Rosenberg NE, Obiezu-Umeh C, Gbaja-Biamila T, Tahlil KM, Nwaozuru U, Oladele D, Musa AZ, Idigbe I, Okwuzu J, David AN, Bamidele TA, Tang W, Ezechi O, Tucker JD, Iwelunmor J. Strategies for enhancing uptake of HIV self-testing among Nigerian youths: a descriptive analysis of the 4YouthByYouth crowdsourcing contest. BMJ INNOVATIONS 2021; 7:590-596. [PMID: 35965675 PMCID: PMC9369456 DOI: 10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth are often the intended beneficiaries of HIV programs but are rarely involved in program design. Engaging youth in program design is one potential way of identifying promising approaches for HIV service delivery. The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of using a crowdsourcing contest to solicit ideas on ways to promote HIV self-testing (HIVST) services among Nigerian youths. METHODS From October-November, 2018 Nigerian youth 10-24 years old submitted ideas to a crowdsourcing contest on how to promote HIVST among their peers. Submissions were scored on feasibility, desirability, and impact, with an integer score of 1 (low) to 3 (high) in each domain. The three-domain scores were added to calculate a total score (3-9). The demographic characteristics of contestants were calculated using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Nine-hundred and three entries were received, 831 had unique valid responses, and 769 were eligible for scoring. Youth submitted ideas on paper (44.9%), Google Forms (39.4%), WhatsApp (9.6%), and email (6.1%). Participants' ages were 10-14 years (37%), 15-19 years (44%), and 20-24 years (22%).Approximately half were female (51.2%). Mean scores were 1.4/3.0 (SD=0.6) for feasibility, 1.4/3.0 (SD=0.6) for desirability, 1.2/3.0 (SD=0.5) for impact, and 4.0/9.0 (SD=1.5) overall. Eight percent of submissions had an overall score >7. A disproportionate share of these high-quality submissions came from email and Google submissions. CONCLUSION The 4 Youth by Youth crowdsourcing contest engaged a broad audience and is a feasible way to elicit potential strategies to distribute HIVST kits to other youth. Several high-quality ideas require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E. Rosenberg
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chisom Obiezu-Umeh
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kadija M. Tahlil
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ucheoma Nwaozuru
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Oladele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jane Okwuzu
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Weiming Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oliver Ezechi
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, UK
| | - Juliet Iwelunmor
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Vermicelli S, Cricelli L, Grimaldi M. How can crowdsourcing help tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic? An explorative overview of innovative collaborative practices. R&D MANAGEMENT 2021; 51:183-194. [PMCID: PMC7753275 DOI: 10.1111/radm.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused unprecedented public health and economic crises. As a response to face the current emergency, science and innovation communities are realizing a fundamental contribution to tackle the crisis. During the past few months, we have witnessed an impressive number of initiatives to encourage networking opportunities, to foster interactions between the different stakeholders involved (health care, industry, governments, academics, ordinary people), and to develop innovative solutions and collaborative infrastructures in support of the health sector. Adopting an open and collaborative approach and joining forces is essential in the fight against the COVID‐19 crisis. Also, the involvement of crowds as innovation partners can be of great support. Therefore, our work aims to review and classify those initiatives, based on the crowdsourcing model, that have been put into place to face the emergency generated by the novel coronavirus pandemic. We illustrate the 16 crowdsourcing initiatives devoted to the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak that we identified, detailing their development and implementation. Then, we propose a classification of them, along two dimensions: type of crowdsourcing configuration and kind of tasks, being able to find a relationship between these two aspects. Evidence from the analyzed projects suggests that across disparate domains, crowdsourcing can be an effective strategy in the response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. To conclude, we suggest some important implications for innovation best practices and lessons that can be learned for the future: crowdsourcing, harnessing the power of crowds and online communities, can help tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic, by providing original, actionable, quick, and low‐cost solutions to the challenges of the current health and economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vermicelli
- Department of Enterprise EngineeringUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’Viale del Politecnico, 1 – 00133RomeItaly
| | - Livio Cricelli
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Naples “Federico II”Piazzale Tecchio 80NaplesItaly
| | - Michele Grimaldi
- Department of Civil and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Cassino and Southern LazioVia G. Di Biasio 43CassinoFRItaly
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Liu E, Iwelunmor J, Gabagaya G, Anyasi H, Leyton A, Goraleski KA, Wei S, Del Barrio MO, Olaleye A, Launois P, Tucker JD. 'When she rises, we all rise': a crowdsourcing challenge to increase women's participation in an infectious diseases research fellowship. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:715. [PMID: 32993542 PMCID: PMC7526393 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women are under-represented in many mid-career infectious diseases research fellowships, including a TDR fellowship for low- and middle-income country (LMIC) researchers. TDR solicited creative ideas as part of a challenge contest to increase the number of women fellowship applicants. The purpose of this study is to examine themes from submitted ideas and the impact of implementing the top three ideas on the number of women applicants. Methods We solicited ideas for modifying the TDR fellowship using a crowdsourcing challenge. Then we used a mixed methods approach to evaluate texts submitted in response to the challenge. The qualitative analysis identified themes from eligible submissions. The quantitative analysis examined the mean score (1–10 scale) assigned to submitted ideas and also the number of eligible women applicants before (2014–7) and after (2018) implementing the top three ideas. Results We received 311 ideas on improving women’s participation in this fellowship from 63 countries. Among all ideas, 282 (91%) were from women and 286 (92%) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thirty-three (17%) ideas received an overall mean score of 7.0 or greater. The top three ideas included enhanced social media communication targeting women, improving career mentorship, and creating a nomination system to nudge women applicants. These ideas were implemented as part of the 2018 fellowship application cycle. The number of eligible women applicants increased from 11 in 2016 to 48 in 2018. The number of eligible men applicants increased from 55 in 2016 to 114 in 2018. Women represent 44% (8/18) of the 2018 cohort. Conclusion This suggests that the challenge contest resulted in strong participation from women in LMICs. The three top ideas likely contributed to a greater number of women applicants to this mid-career fellowship. Further ways of enhancing women’s participation in global health training are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen Liu
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, USA.,Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Juliet Iwelunmor
- College of Public Health and Social Justice, St. Louis University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Grace Gabagaya
- Makerere University- Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Alejandra Leyton
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Karen A Goraleski
- American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Shufang Wei
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Atinuke Olaleye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Pascal Launois
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, TDR, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. .,Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
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9
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Tucker JD, Day S. Crowd-based digital sexual health. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:135-136. [PMID: 31907408 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Suzanne Day
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Mitra S, Ashby J, Muhumuza A, Ndayishimiye I, Wasserman I, Santhirapala V, Peters AW, Vervoort D, Jacob O, Gnanaraj J, Ganesh P, Afshar S. Surgathon: a new model for creating a surgical innovation ecosystem in low-resource settings. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e002162. [PMID: 32133197 PMCID: PMC7042596 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovation ecosystems and emerging technologies can potentially accelerate the access to safe, affordable surgical care in low-resource settings. There is a need to develop localised innovation ecosystems that can establish an initial culture and catalyse the creation, adoption and diffusion of innovation. The surgathon model outlines one approach to seeding surgical innovation ecosystems. International academic institutions collaborated on six global surgery, innovation and ethics-themed hackathons (‘surgathons’) across India and Rwanda between 2016 and 2019. Over 1598 local multidisciplinary students participated, learning about challenges in the delivery of surgical care and ideating solutions that could leverage appropriate technology and resources for impact. Pursuing student ideas and evaluating their implementation past the surgathons continues to be an active effort. Surgathons have unfolded in different permutations based on local faculty, institution and health system context. The surgathon model is a novel method of priority setting challenges in global surgery and utilises locally driven expertise and innovation capacity to derive ethical solutions. The model offers a path for low-resource setting students and faculty to learn, advocate and innovate for improved surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Mitra
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joanna Ashby
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arsen Muhumuza
- Department of General Medicine, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Isaac Ndayishimiye
- Department of General Medicine, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Isaac Wasserman
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vatshalan Santhirapala
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander W Peters
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominique Vervoort
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oshin Jacob
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesudian Gnanaraj
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Karunya Rural Community Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Ganesh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Salim Afshar
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Crowdsourcing in health and medical research: a systematic review. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:8. [PMID: 31959234 PMCID: PMC6971908 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-0622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crowdsourcing is used increasingly in health and medical research. Crowdsourcing is the process of aggregating crowd wisdom to solve a problem. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize quantitative evidence on crowdsourcing to improve health. Methods We followed Cochrane systematic review guidance and systematically searched seven databases up to September 4th 2019. Studies were included if they reported on crowdsourcing and related to health or medicine. Studies were excluded if recruitment was the only use of crowdsourcing. We determined the level of evidence associated with review findings using the GRADE approach. Results We screened 3508 citations, accessed 362 articles, and included 188 studies. Ninety-six studies examined effectiveness, 127 examined feasibility, and 37 examined cost. The most common purposes were to evaluate surgical skills (17 studies), to create sexual health messages (seven studies), and to provide layperson cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) out-of-hospital (six studies). Seventeen observational studies used crowdsourcing to evaluate surgical skills, finding that crowdsourcing evaluation was as effective as expert evaluation (low quality). Four studies used a challenge contest to solicit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing promotion materials and increase HIV testing rates (moderate quality), and two of the four studies found this approach saved money. Three studies suggested that an interactive technology system increased rates of layperson initiated CPR out-of-hospital (moderate quality). However, studies analyzing crowdsourcing to evaluate surgical skills and layperson-initiated CPR were only from high-income countries. Five studies examined crowdsourcing to inform artificial intelligence projects, most often related to annotation of medical data. Crowdsourcing was evaluated using different outcomes, limiting the extent to which studies could be pooled. Conclusions Crowdsourcing has been used to improve health in many settings. Although crowdsourcing is effective at improving behavioral outcomes, more research is needed to understand effects on clinical outcomes and costs. More research is needed on crowdsourcing as a tool to develop artificial intelligence systems in medicine. Trial registration PROSPERO: CRD42017052835. December 27, 2016.
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12
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Zhao Y, Day S, Yang NS, Bao H, Li L, Mathews A, Tucker JD. Crowdsourcing contests to facilitate community engagement in HIV cure research: a qualitative evaluation of facilitators and barriers of participation. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:67. [PMID: 31941478 PMCID: PMC6964113 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As HIV cure research advances, there is an increasing need for community engagement in health research, especially in low- and middle-income countries with ongoing clinical trials. Crowdsourcing contests provide an innovative bottom-up way to solicit community feedback on clinical trials in order to enhance community engagement. The objective of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers to participating in crowdsourcing contests about HIV cure research in a city with ongoing HIV cure clinical trials. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews to evaluate facilitators and barriers to participating in crowdsourcing contests in Guangzhou, China. Contests included the following activities: organizing a call for entries, promoting the call, evaluating entries, celebrating exceptional entries, and sharing entries. We interviewed 31 individuals, including nine HIV cure clinical trial participants, 17 contest participants, and five contest organizers. Our sample included men who have sex with men (20), people living with HIV (14), and people who inject drugs (5). We audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed the data using inductive and deductive coding techniques. RESULTS Facilitators of crowdsourcing contest participation included responsiveness to lived experiences, strong community interest in HIV research, and community trust in medical professionals and related groups. Contests had more participants if they responded to the lived experiences, challenges, and opportunities of living with HIV in China. Strong community interest in HIV research helped to drive the formulation and execution of HIV cure contests, building support and momentum for these activities. Finally, participant trust in medical professionals and related groups (community-based organizations and contest organizers) further strengthened the ties between community members and researchers. Barriers to participating in crowdsourcing contests included persistent HIV stigma and myths about HIV. Stigma associated with discussing HIV made promotion difficult in certain contexts (e.g., city squares and schools). Myths and misperceptions about HIV science confused participants. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified facilitators and barriers of participation in HIV cure crowdsourcing contests in China. Our findings could complement existing HIV community engagement strategies and help to design HIV contests for community engagement in other settings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Project China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, China
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Suzanne Day
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Nancy S. Yang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Project China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, China
- University of Minnesota Medical School - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Huanyu Bao
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Project China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Infectious Diseases Department, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Allison Mathews
- University of Minnesota Medical School - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Project China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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13
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Wu D, Ong JJ, Tang W, Ritchwood TD, Walker JS, Iwelunmor J, Tucker JD. Crowdsourcing Methods to Enhance HIV and Sexual Health Services: A Scoping Review and Qualitative Synthesis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 82 Suppl 3:S271-S278. [PMID: 31764263 PMCID: PMC6880797 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crowdsourcing is increasingly used to improve community engagement in HIV and sexual health research. In this scoping review, we reviewed studies using crowdsourcing approaches in HIV and sexual health research to identify strengths, opportunities for expansion, and limitations of such approaches. METHODS We searched CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed. Studies were included if they involved crowdsourcing activities, were in the field of HIV or sexual health, and described the methodology in sufficient detail. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of eligible articles. RESULTS Our search strategy yielded 431 nonduplicate articles. After screening, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 4 publications that described research from high-income countries, 7 from middle-income countries, 1 from a low-income country, and 4 that had a global focus. There were 4 categories of crowdsourcing: open contests, hackathons, open forums, and incident reporting systems. We identified common phases for data acquisition and dissemination: (1) preparation; (2) problem framing and crowd solicitation; (3) judging submissions; and (4) sharing selected submissions. Strengths of using crowdsourcing approaches include greater innovation due to crowd heterogeneity, encouragement of multisectoral collaboration, empowerment of vulnerable populations, cost-effectiveness, and relevance to local cultures and styles. Weaknesses among some methods include reliance on the internet, temporal transience, and difficulty in sustaining long-term community engagement. CONCLUSIONS Crowdsourcing may be useful for HIV implementation research. Further research on crowdsourcing related to HIV and sexual health is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason J. Ong
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Weiming Tang
- University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiarney D. Ritchwood
- Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Walker
- Health Sciences Library, University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Juliet Iwelunmor
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Missouri, United States
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project-China, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Fitzpatrick T, Tang W, Mollan K, Pan X, Chan PL, Zhou K, Cheng Y, Li L, Wong WCW, Tucker JD. A crowdsourced intervention to promote hepatitis B and C testing among men who have sex with men in China: A nationwide online randomized controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2019; 16:64-73. [PMID: 31832621 PMCID: PMC6890946 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crowdsourcing may be an effective strategy to develop test promotion materials. We conducted an online randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a crowdsourced intervention to promote hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. METHODS MSM never previously tested for hepatitis were recruited through social media. Eligible men were randomized to receive an online crowdsourced intervention or no testing promotion materials. Outcomes including self-reported and confirmed HBV and HCV test uptake were assessed after four weeks. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of men achieving primary and secondary outcomes between the intervention and control arms were calculated. FINDINGS 556 eligible men were enrolled. Overall, 17•4% (97/556) of men self-reported HBV and HCV testing and 7•9% (44/556) confirmed HBV and HCV test uptake. The intervention was seen by 72•1% and 29•0% of men in the intervention and control arms, respectively. In intention-to-treat analysis, confirmed HBV and HCV test uptake was similar between the two arms, both when using a missing=failure approach (OR 0•98, 95% CI 0•53-1•82) or multiple imputation (OR 1•46, 95% CI 0•72-2•95). INTERPRETATION This RCT extends the literature by developing and evaluating an intervention to spur hepatitis testing in a middle-income country with a high burden of hepatitis. Overall test uptake among MSM in China was similar to previous interventions promoting hepatitis testing in high-income countries. We found frequent intervention sharing, complicating interpretation of the results, and the role of crowdsourcing to promote hepatitis testing remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fitzpatrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Weiming Tang
- UNC Project China, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katie Mollan
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xin Pan
- UNC Project China, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Po-Lin Chan
- Division of Communicable Disease, World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kali Zhou
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - William CW Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of General Practice, HKU-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- UNC Project China, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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15
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Wu D, Huang W, Zhao P, Li C, Cao B, Wang Y, Stoneking S, Tang W, Luo Z, Wei C, Tucker J. A Crowdsourced Physician Finder Prototype Platform for Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: Qualitative Study of Acceptability and Feasibility. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2019; 5:e13027. [PMID: 31596245 PMCID: PMC6913768 DOI: 10.2196/13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM), including both gay and bisexual men, have a high prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China. However, healthcare seeking behaviors and engagement in clinical services among MSM are often suboptimal. Global evidence shows that embedding online HIV or sexual health services into gay social networking applications holds promise for facilitating higher rates of healthcare utilization among MSM. We developed a prototype of a gay-friendly health services platform, designed for integration within a popular gay social networking app (Blued) in China. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of the platform and ask for user feedback through focus group interviews with young MSM in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, cities in Southern China. Methods The prototype was developed through an open, national crowdsourcing contest. Open crowdsourcing contests solicit community input on a topic in order to identify potential improvements and implement creative solutions. The prototype included a local, gay-friendly, STI physician finder tool and online psychological consulting services. Semistructured focus group discussions were conducted with MSM to ask for their feedback on the platform, and a short survey was administered following discussions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data in NVivo, and we developed a codebook based on the first interview. Double coding was conducted, and discrepancies were discussed with a third individual until consensus was reached. We then carried out descriptive analysis of the survey data. Results A total of 34 participants attended four focus group discussions. The mean age was 27.3 years old (SD 4.6). A total of 32 (94%) participants obtained at least university education, and 29 (85%) men had seen a doctor at least once before. Our survey results showed that 24 (71%) participants had interest in using the online health services platform and 25 (74%) thought that the system was easy to use. Qualitative data also revealed that there was a high demand for gay-friendly healthcare services which could help with care seeking. Men felt that the platform could bridge gaps in the existing HIV or STI service delivery system, specifically by identifying local gay-friendly physicians and counselors, providing access to online physician consultation and psychological counseling services, creating space for peer support, and distributing pre-exposure prophylaxis and sexual health education. Conclusions Crowdsourcing can help develop a community-centered online platform linking MSM to local gay-friendly HIV or STI services. Further research on developing social media–based platforms for MSM and evaluating the effectiveness of such platforms may be useful for improving sexual health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health Global, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health Global, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Nanshan Canter for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Bolin Cao
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shelby Stoneking
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Weiming Tang
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health Global, Guangzhou, China.,Project-China, University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Luo
- Shenzhen Nanshan Canter for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chongyi Wei
- Department of Social and Behavior Health Sciences, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Joseph Tucker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health Global, Guangzhou, China.,Project-China, University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Tucker JD, Day S, Tang W, Bayus B. Crowdsourcing in medical research: concepts and applications. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6762. [PMID: 30997295 PMCID: PMC6463854 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crowdsourcing shifts medical research from a closed environment to an open collaboration between the public and researchers. We define crowdsourcing as an approach to problem solving which involves an organization having a large group attempt to solve a problem or part of a problem, then sharing solutions. Crowdsourcing allows large groups of individuals to participate in medical research through innovation challenges, hackathons, and related activities. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the definition, concepts, and applications of crowdsourcing in medicine. This multi-disciplinary review defines crowdsourcing for medicine, identifies conceptual antecedents (collective intelligence and open source models), and explores implications of the approach. Several critiques of crowdsourcing are also examined. Although several crowdsourcing definitions exist, there are two essential elements: (1) having a large group of individuals, including those with skills and those without skills, propose potential solutions; (2) sharing solutions through implementation or open access materials. The public can be a central force in contributing to formative, pre-clinical, and clinical research. A growing evidence base suggests that crowdsourcing in medicine can result in high-quality outcomes, broad community engagement, and more open science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suzanne Day
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weiming Tang
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of STD Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Barry Bayus
- Kenan-Flagler School of Business, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Fitzpatrick T, Zhou K, Cheng Y, Chan PL, Cui F, Tang W, Mollan KR, Guo W, Tucker JD. A crowdsourced intervention to promote hepatitis B and C testing among men who have sex with men in China: study protocol for a nationwide online randomized controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:489. [PMID: 30268114 PMCID: PMC6162889 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends all men who have sex with men (MSM) receive Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) testing. MSM in China are a high-risk group for HBV and HCV infection, but test uptake is low. Crowdsourcing invites a large group to solve a problem and then shares the solution with the public. This nationwide online randomized controlled trial will evaluate the effectiveness of a crowdsourced intervention to increase HBV and HCV testing among MSM in China. METHODS Seven hundred MSM will be recruited through social media operated by MSM organizations in China. Eligible participants will be born biologically male, age 16 years or older, report previous anal sex with another man, and reside in China. After completing a baseline online survey, participants will be randomly assigned to intervention or control arms with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention will include two components: (1) a multimedia component will deliver two videos and two images promoting HBV and HCV testing developed through a crowdsourcing contest in China; (2) a participatory component will invite men to submit suggestions for how to improve crowdsourced videos and images. The control arm will not view any images or videos and will not be invited to submit suggestions. All participants will be offered reimbursement for HBV and HCV testing costs. The primary outcome is HBV and HCV test uptake confirmed through electronic submission of test report photos within four weeks of enrolment. Secondary outcomes include self-reported HBV and HCV test uptake, HBV vaccination uptake, and change in stigma toward people living with HBV after four weeks. Primary and secondary outcomes will be calculated using intention to treat and as-exposed analyses and compared using two-sided 95% confidence intervals. DISCUSSION Few previous studies have evaluated interventions to increase HBV and HCV testing in middle-income countries with a high burden of hepatitis. Delivering a crowdsourced intervention using social media is a novel approach to increasing hepatitis testing rates. HBV and HCV test uptake will be confirmed through test report photos, avoiding the limitations of self-reported testing outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03482388 (29 March 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kali Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Po-Lin Chan
- Division of Communicable Disease, World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, Philippines
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- UNC - Project China, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katie R Mollan
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wilson Guo
- Gillings School of Global Public Health - Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- UNC - Project China, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Tucker
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China; Institute for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Kevin A Fenton
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Southwark Council, London, UK
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19
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Tang W, Wei C, Cao B, Wu D, Li KT, Lu H, Ma W, Kang D, Li H, Liao M, Mollan KR, Hudgens MG, Liu C, Huang W, Liu A, Zhang Y, Smith MK, Mitchell KM, Ong JJ, Fu H, Vickerman P, Yang L, Wang C, Zheng H, Yang B, Tucker JD. Crowdsourcing to expand HIV testing among men who have sex with men in China: A closed cohort stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002645. [PMID: 30153265 PMCID: PMC6112627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV testing rates are suboptimal among at-risk men. Crowdsourcing may be a useful tool for designing innovative, community-based HIV testing strategies to increase HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to use a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effect of a crowdsourced HIV intervention on HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) in eight Chinese cities. METHODS AND FINDINGS An HIV testing intervention was developed through a national image contest, a regional strategy designathon, and local message contests. The final intervention included a multimedia HIV testing campaign, an online HIV testing service, and local testing promotion campaigns tailored for MSM. This intervention was evaluated using a closed cohort stepped wedge cluster RCT in eight Chinese cities (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Jiangmen in Guangdong province; Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, and Jining in Shandong province) from August 2016 to August 2017. MSM were recruited through Blued, a social networking mobile application for MSM, from July 29 to August 21 of 2016. The primary outcome was self-reported HIV testing in the past 3 months. Secondary outcomes included HIV self-testing, facility-based HIV testing, condom use, and syphilis testing. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to analyze primary and secondary outcomes. We enrolled a total of 1,381 MSM. Most were ≤30 years old (82%), unmarried (86%), and had a college degree or higher (65%). The proportion of individuals receiving an HIV test during the intervention periods within a city was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-15.5) greater than during the control periods. In addition, the intention-to-treat analysis showed a higher probability of receiving an HIV test during the intervention periods as compared to the control periods (estimated risk ratio [RR] = 1.43, 95% CI 1.19-1.73). The intervention also increased HIV self-testing (RR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.50-2.38). There was no effect on facility-based HIV testing (RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.79-1.26), condom use (RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.86-1.17), or syphilis testing (RR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.70-1.21). A total of 48.6% (593/1,219) of participants reported that they received HIV self-testing. Among men who received two HIV tests, 32 individuals seroconverted during the 1-year study period. Study limitations include the use of self-reported HIV testing data among a subset of men and non-completion of the final survey by 23% of participants. Our study population was a young online group in urban China and the relevance of our findings to other populations will require further investigation. CONCLUSIONS In this setting, crowdsourcing was effective for developing and strengthening community-based HIV testing services for MSM. Crowdsourced interventions may be an important tool for the scale-up of HIV testing services among MSM in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02796963.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongyi Wei
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bolin Cao
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Wu
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katherine T. Li
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Haidong Lu
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei Ma
- Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan, China
| | - Dianmin Kang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Haochu Li
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan, China
| | - Meizhen Liao
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Katie R. Mollan
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Hudgens
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chuncheng Liu
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sociology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wenting Huang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M. Kumi Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kate M. Mitchell
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason J. Ong
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hongyun Fu
- Division of Community Health and Research, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Peter Vickerman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ligang Yang
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Fitzpatrick T, Pan SW, Tang W, Guo W, Tucker JD. HBV and HCV test uptake and correlates among men who have sex with men in China: a nationwide cross-sectional online survey. Sex Transm Infect 2018; 94:502-507. [PMID: 29779005 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2018-053549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, including China. WHO guidelines recommend men who have sex with men (MSM) receive HBV and HCV screening. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of MSM in China who have HBV and HCV tested and identify correlates of test uptake. METHODS We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of young MSM in China. Respondents were asked to report previous HBV and HCV testing, sociodemographic information, sexual risk factors for hepatitis infection, other STI testing and primary care physician (PCP) status. Associations were analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS 503 eligible MSM completed the survey. 41.0% (206/503) of MSM had HCV tested, and 38.2% (60/157) of MSM with no or uncertain HBV vaccination had HBV tested. In multivariate analysis, HCV testing was correlated with HBV testing (adjusted OR (aOR) 22.98, 95% CI 12.11 to 43.60), HIV testing (aOR 3.64, 95% CI 1.92 to 6.91), HIV-positive status (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.98) and having a PCP (aOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.98). Among MSM with no or uncertain HBV vaccination, HBV testing was correlated with HCV testing (aOR 80.85, 95% CI 20.80 to 314.33), HIV testing (aOR 5.26, 95% CI 1.81 to 15.28), HIV-positive status (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 1.22 to 7.37) and having a PCP (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.00 to 7.26). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest many young MSM in China have not received hepatitis testing. HCV testing rates were lower than those recently reported among MSM in Australia and the USA. The strong correlation between HBV and HCV testing suggests bundled testing interventions may be useful for MSM in China. Men with a PCP were more likely to have received hepatitis testing, consistent with literature demonstrating the importance of primary care in expanding access to testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen W Pan
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,UNC Project-China, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weiming Tang
- UNC Project-China, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wilson Guo
- Gillings School of Global Public Health-Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- UNC Project-China, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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21
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Tucker JD, Pan SW, Mathews A, Stein G, Bayus B, Rennie S. Ethical Concerns of and Risk Mitigation Strategies for Crowdsourcing Contests and Innovation Challenges: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e75. [PMID: 29523500 PMCID: PMC5866301 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.8226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crowdsourcing contests (also called innovation challenges, innovation contests, and inducement prize contests) can be used to solicit multisectoral feedback on health programs and design public health campaigns. They consist of organizing a steering committee, soliciting contributions, engaging the community, judging contributions, recognizing a subset of contributors, and sharing with the community. OBJECTIVE This scoping review describes crowdsourcing contests by stage, examines ethical problems at each stage, and proposes potential ways of mitigating risk. METHODS Our analysis was anchored in the specific example of a crowdsourcing contest that our team organized to solicit videos promoting condom use in China. The purpose of this contest was to create compelling 1-min videos to promote condom use. We used a scoping review to examine the existing ethical literature on crowdsourcing to help identify and frame ethical concerns at each stage. RESULTS Crowdsourcing has a group of individuals solve a problem and then share the solution with the public. Crowdsourcing contests provide an opportunity for community engagement at each stage: organizing, soliciting, promoting, judging, recognizing, and sharing. Crowdsourcing poses several ethical concerns: organizing-potential for excluding community voices; soliciting-potential for overly narrow participation; promoting-potential for divulging confidential information; judging-potential for biased evaluation; recognizing-potential for insufficient recognition of the finalist; and sharing-potential for the solution to not be implemented or widely disseminated. CONCLUSIONS Crowdsourcing contests can be effective and engaging public health tools but also introduce potential ethical problems. We present methods for the responsible conduct of crowdsourcing contests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Tucker
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen W Pan
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Allison Mathews
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gabriella Stein
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Barry Bayus
- Kenan-Flagler School of Business, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stuart Rennie
- Social Medicine Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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22
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Tucker JD, Tang W, Li H, Liu C, Fu R, Tang S, Cao B, Wei C, Tangthanasup TM. Crowdsourcing designathon: a new model for multisectoral collaboration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjinnov-2017-000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Tucker JD, Zhang A, Zhao Y. HIV Cure Research Crowdsourcing: An Author Response. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:2. [PMID: 29226704 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Tucker
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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24
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Tucker JD, Meyers K, Best J, Kaplan K, Pendse R, Fenton KA, Andrieux-Meyer I, Figueroa C, Goicochea P, Gore C, Ishizaki A, Khwairakpam G, Miller V, Mozalevskis A, Ninburg M, Ocama P, Peeling R, Walsh N, Colombo MG, Easterbrook P. The HepTestContest: a global innovation contest to identify approaches to hepatitis B and C testing. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:701. [PMID: 29143673 PMCID: PMC5688427 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovation contests are a novel approach to elicit good ideas and innovative practices in various areas of public health. There remains limited published literature on approaches to deliver hepatitis testing. The purpose of this innovation contest was to identify examples of different hepatitis B and C approaches to support countries in their scale-up of hepatitis testing and to supplement development of formal recommendations on service delivery in the 2017 World Health Organization hepatitis B and C testing guidelines. METHODS This contest involved four steps: 1) establishment of a multisectoral steering committee to coordinate a call for contest entries; 2) dissemination of the call for entries through diverse media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, email listservs, academic journals); 3) independent ranking of submissions by a panel of judges according to pre-specified criteria (clarity of testing model, innovation, effectiveness, next steps) using a 1-10 scale; 4) recognition of highly ranked entries through presentation at international conferences, commendation certificate, and inclusion as a case study in the WHO 2017 testing guidelines. RESULTS The innovation contest received 64 entries from 27 countries and took a total of 4 months to complete. Sixteen entries were directly included in the WHO testing guidelines. The entries covered testing in different populations, including primary care patients (n = 5), people who inject drugs (PWID) (n = 4), pregnant women (n = 4), general populations (n = 4), high-risk groups (n = 3), relatives of people living with hepatitis B and C (n = 2), migrants (n = 2), incarcerated individuals (n = 2), workers (n = 2), and emergency department patients (n = 2). A variety of different testing delivery approaches were employed, including integrated HIV-hepatitis testing (n = 12); integrated testing with harm reduction and addiction services (n = 9); use of electronic medical records to support targeted testing (n = 8); decentralization (n = 8); and task shifting (n = 7). CONCLUSION The global innovation contest identified a range of local hepatitis testing approaches that can be used to inform the development of testing strategies in different settings and populations. Further implementation and evaluation of different testing approaches is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Tucker
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, Number 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China. .,Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Rd, CB# 7030, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7030, USA. .,SESH Global, Number 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
| | - Kathrine Meyers
- SESH Global, Number 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 1st Avenue # 7, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - John Best
- SESH Global, Number 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,University of Pennsylvania Neurology Department, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 1914, USA.,Asia Catalyst, 1109, 1270 Broadway, New York, NY, 1001, USA
| | - Karyn Kaplan
- Asia Catalyst, 1109, 1270 Broadway, New York, NY, 1001, USA
| | - Razia Pendse
- WHO Regional Office for South East Asia, World Health House, Indraprastha Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Kevin A Fenton
- SESH Global, Number 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Southwark Council, 160 Tooley Street, London, SE1 2QH, UK
| | | | - Carmen Figueroa
- World Health Organization HIV Department, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Goicochea
- Forum for Collaborative HIV Research and the University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 1608 Rhode Island Avenue NW, Suite 212, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Charles Gore
- World Hepatitis Alliance, 1 Baden Place, London, SE1 1YW, UK.,Hepatitis C Trust, 27 Crosby Road, London, SE1 3YD, UK
| | | | - Giten Khwairakpam
- TREAT Asia, Exchange Tower, 388 Sukhumvit Road, Suite 2104, Klongtoey, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Veronica Miller
- Forum for Collaborative HIV Research and the University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 1608 Rhode Island Avenue NW, Suite 212, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Antons Mozalevskis
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ninburg
- Hepatitis Education Project, 1621 S. Jackson Street, 2t 201, Seattle, WA, 98144, USA
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, Makere College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rosanna Peeling
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Nick Walsh
- The WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, P.O. Box 2932, 1000, Manila, Philippines
| | - Massimo G Colombo
- IRCCS Humanitas Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,EASL International Liver Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippa Easterbrook
- World Health Organization HIV Department, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
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