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Weber KD, Mower W, Krishnadasan A, Mohr NM, Montoy JC, Rodriguez RM, Giordano PA, Eyck PT, Harland KK, Wallace K, McDonald LC, Kutty PK, Hesse EM, Talan DA. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infections Among Emergency Health Care Personnel: Impact on Delivery of United States Emergency Medical Care, 2020. Ann Emerg Med 2024; 84:40-48. [PMID: 38493375 PMCID: PMC11193658 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE In the early months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and before vaccine availability, there were concerns that infected emergency department (ED) health care personnel could present a threat to the delivery of emergency medical care. We examined how the pandemic affected staffing levels and whether COVID-19 positive staff were potentially infectious at work in a cohort of US ED health care personnel in 2020. METHODS The COVID-19 Evaluation of Risks in Emergency Departments (Project COVERED) project was a multicenter prospective cohort study of US ED health care personnel conducted from May to December 2020. During surveillance, health care personnel completed weekly electronic surveys and underwent periodic serology and nasal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2, and investigators captured weekly data on health care facility COVID-19 prevalence and health care personnel staffing. Surveys asked about symptoms, potential exposures, work attendance, personal protective equipment use, and behaviors. RESULTS We enrolled 1,673 health care personnel who completed 29,825 person weeks of surveillance. Eighty-nine (5.3%) health care personnel documented 90 (0.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2% to 0.4%) person weeks of missed work related to documented or concerns for COVID-19 infection. Health care personnel experienced symptoms of COVID-19 during 1,256 (4.2%) person weeks and worked at least one shift whereas symptomatic during 1,042 (83.0%) of these periods. Seventy-five (4.5%) participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the surveillance period, including 43 (57.3%) who indicated they never experienced symptoms; 74 (98.7%; 95% CI 90.7% to 99.9%) infected health care personnel worked at least one shift during the initial period of infection, and 71 (94.7%) continued working until laboratory confirmation of their infection. Physician staffing was not associated with the facility or community COVID-19 levels within any time frame studied (Kendall tau's 0.02, 0.056, and 0.081 for no shift, one-week time shift, and 2-week time shift, respectively). CONCLUSIONS During the first wave of the pandemic, COVID-19 infections in ED health care personnel were infrequent, and the time lost from the workforce was minimal. Health care personnel frequently reported for work while infected with SARS-CoV-2 before laboratory confirmation. The ED staffing levels were poorly correlated with facility and community COVID-19 burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D Weber
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL.
| | - William Mower
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Nicholas M Mohr
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Juan Carlos Montoy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Robert M Rodriguez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Patrick Ten Eyck
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Karisa K Harland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kelli Wallace
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Preeta K Kutty
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elisabeth M Hesse
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - David A Talan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Olive View-UCLA Education and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
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Severeijns NR, Sips ASM, Merlo A, Bruce G, Verster JC. Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and the Economic Costs of Alcohol Hangover in The Netherlands. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:335. [PMID: 38338220 PMCID: PMC10855845 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The alcohol hangover is defined as the combination of negative mental and physical symptoms that can be experienced after a single episode of alcohol consumption, starting when the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero. Alcohol hangover symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, and headache can negatively affect daily activities, including work performance. The alcohol hangover can therefore be a cause of both absenteeism (not going to work) and presenteeism (going to work while hungover). An online survey among a convenience sample of n = 347 Dutch adults examined the number of days of absenteeism and presenteeism associated with having a hangover as well as the loss of productivity when going to work when hungover during the year 2019. In the Dutch sample, 8.1% of employees reported one or more days of absenteeism due to hangover in 2019, and 33.4% reported one or more days of presenteeism. The analyses revealed that alcohol hangover was associated with 0.2 days of absenteeism and 8.3 days of presenteeism and a productivity loss of 24.9% on days worked with a hangover. The estimated associated costs for the Dutch economy in 2019 of absenteeism (EUR 234,538,460) and presenteeism (EUR 2,423,603,184) total EUR 2,658,141,644. In conclusion, the alcohol hangover is associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, and reduced performance at work while hungover. As such, the annual costs of the alcohol hangover have a significant impact on the Dutch economy. However, these first findings on the economic costs of the alcohol hangover should be considered a rough estimate. They should be verified in a longitudinal study to minimize recall bias, including a nationally representative sample of sufficient sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje R. Severeijns
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.R.S.); (A.S.M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Annabel S. M. Sips
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.R.S.); (A.S.M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnese Merlo
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.R.S.); (A.S.M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
| | - Joris C. Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.R.S.); (A.S.M.S.); (A.M.)
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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Siqueira VB, de Cássia P Fernandes R, Carvalho FM. Presenteeism and Low Work Performance Among Fruit Farm Workers in Northeast Brazil. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:44-54. [PMID: 37961943 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2280085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The "decision" to go to work, or remain absent, when unwell undermines worker energy. I is therefore understandable that low work performance is one of the main consequences of the act of presenteeism. This study evaluated the association between presenteeism, and absolute and relative work performance among fruit farm workers in Northeast Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study investigated 340 paid employees of both sexes, aged 18 years or over, who worked during the 2019 irrigated fruit harvest in the municipality of Petrolina, Northeast Brazil. Absolute and relative work performance were measured using the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. Workers who answered "one or more days" to the question "How many days have you worked this season when you were injured or unwell?" were considered presenteeists. Poisson regression with robust variance models was used to estimate the prevalence ratios of the main associations, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Presenteeist workers presented lower absolute and relative work performance than non-presenteeist workers according to the strata for most of the investigated factors. The associations between presenteeism, and absolute (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.31) and relative work performance (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.45) remained strong, even after multiple adjustments for other relevant variables. CONCLUSION Presenteeist fruit culture workers self-assessed their work performance as lower than non-presenteeist ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória B Siqueira
- Collegiate of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando M Carvalho
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Linsenmeyer K, Mohr D, Gupta K, Doshi S, Gifford AL, Charness ME. Sickness presenteeism in healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An observational cohort study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:1693-1696. [PMID: 37039605 PMCID: PMC10587373 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Sickness presenteeism among healthcare workers (HCW) risks nosocomial infection, but its prevalence among HCW with COVID-19 is unknown. Contemporaneous interviews revealed a sickness presenteeism prevalence of 49.8% among 255 HCW with symptomatic COVID-19. Presenteeism prevalence did not differ among HCW with and without specific COVID-19 symptoms or direct patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Linsenmeyer
- Veterans' Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Mohr
- Veterans' Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
- Department of Health Law Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kalpana Gupta
- Veterans' Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sucheta Doshi
- Veterans' Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, BostonMassachusetts
| | - Allen L Gifford
- Veterans' Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Health Law Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael E Charness
- Veterans' Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Pförtner TK, Demirer I. To what extent do job insecurity, income satisfaction, and self-rated health mediate the association between low income and presenteeism in Germany? A gendered analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:999-1008. [PMID: 37222824 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low income is considered a possible determinant of presenteeism, explained by poor working and living conditions, increased levels of uncertainties and anxiety, and poor health status. We aimed to examine the association between low income and presenteeism by gender and to explain their association using different mediators. METHODS A total of 14,299 employees aged 18-65 from the 6th BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey 2012 were used, and mediation analyses with inverse odds weighting stratified by gender were conducted. RESULTS Low income was significantly associated with presenteeism for men at a significant level of α < .05 (β: 0.376; 95%-CI 0.148-0.604) and for women at a significant level of α < .10 (β: 0.120; 95%-CI - 0.015-0.255). The total effect (TE) was fully and significantly mediated for women when all mediator-weights were considered, whereas for men the consideration of single mediator-weights led to a full and significant mediation of the association between low income and presenteeism. Self-rated health status and income satisfaction contributed the most to the differences in presenteeism by low income with a proportion mediated of 96.3% (men) and 169.2% (women) for self-rated health and 101.6% (men) and 162.5% (women) for income satisfaction. DISCUSSION The results indicated a strong association between low income and presenteeism, in particular for men. Self-rated health and income satisfaction were the most important mediators of this association. The results underline not only the relevance of occupational health management and preventive measures, but also the need of a public debate about employment traditions, possibly resulting in role conflicts among men, and wage equality to prevent presenteeism of low-income earners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo-Kolja Pförtner
- Department of Research Methods, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Frangenheimstr. 4, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim Demirer
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science, Chair of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty and Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Eupener Str. 129, 50933, Cologne, Germany
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Hernando-Rodriguez JC, Matilla-Santander N, Murley C, Blindow K, Kvart S, Almroth M, Kreshpaj B, Thern E, Badarin K, Muntaner C, Gunn V, Padrosa E, Julià M, Bodin T. Unequal access? Use of sickness absence benefits by precariously employed workers with common mental disorders: a register-based cohort study in Sweden. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072459. [PMID: 37474163 PMCID: PMC10357787 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compares the use of sickness absence benefits (SABs) due to a common mental disorder (CMD) between precariously employed and non-precariously employed workers with CMDs. DESIGN Register-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS The study included 78 215 Swedish workers aged 27-61 who experienced CMDs in 2017, indicated by a new treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Excluded were those who emigrated or immigrated, were self-employed, had an annual employment-based income <100 Swedish Krona, had >90 days of unemployment per year, had student status, had SABs due to CMDs during the exposure measurement (2016) and the two previous years, had an SSRI prescription 1 year or less before the start of the SSRI prescription in 2017, had packs of >100 pills of SSRI medication, had a disability pension before 2017, were not entitled to SABs due to CMDs in 2016, and had no information about the exposure. OUTCOME The first incidence of SABs due to CMDs in 2017. RESULTS The use of SABs due to a CMD was slightly lower among precariously employed workers compared with those in standard employment (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.92, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.05). Particularly, women with three consecutive years in precarious employment had reduced SABs use (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.89), while men in precarious employment showed weaker evidence of association. Those in standard employment with high income also showed a lower use of SABs (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.81). Low unionisation and both low and high-income levels were associated with lower use of SABs, particularly among women. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that workers with CMDs in precarious employment may use SABs to a lower extent. Accordingly, there is a need for (1) guaranteeing access to SABs for people in precarious employment and/or (2) reducing involuntary forms of presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Hernando-Rodriguez
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuria Matilla-Santander
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chantelle Murley
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrina Blindow
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Signild Kvart
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melody Almroth
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bertina Kreshpaj
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emelie Thern
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Badarin
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carles Muntaner
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Virginia Gunn
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nursing, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Eva Padrosa
- ESIMar (Mar Nursing School), Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-affiliated, Barcelona, Spain
- SDHEd (Social Determinants and Health Education Research Group), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- GREDS (Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions Network), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Julià
- ESIMar (Mar Nursing School), Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-affiliated, Barcelona, Spain
- SDHEd (Social Determinants and Health Education Research Group), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- GREDS (Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions Network), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theo Bodin
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gómez-Domínguez A, Ferrer-Rosende P, Esteve-Matalí L, Salas-Nicás S, Navarro-Giné A. Sickness Presenteeism and Psychosocial Risk Factors According to Inequality Axes. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:561-566. [PMID: 36804515 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between psychosocial risk factors (PSRs) and sickness presenteeism (SP) and examine possible differences according to the major axes of inequality in the labor market. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on a representative sample of the Spanish salaried population. Results: Although nearly all PSR show crude associations with SP, when adjusted for every other PSR, only the workers exposed to lack of role clarity (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.68), having role conflicts (aPR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.77) and lack of sense of community at work (aPR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) show a significant association. Conclusions: After adjusting for all PSR, those significantly associated to SP belong to the interpersonal relationships domain. Some of the PSR effects change according to the segmentation axes analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gómez-Domínguez
- From the Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (A.G-.D., P.F-R., L.E-M., S.S-N., A.N-G.); Biostatistics Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (A.G-.D., P.F-R., L.E-M., S.S-N., A.N-G.); Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain (A.G-.D.); Business Networks Dynamics Research Group, Department of Operations Management and Innovation, ESADE Business School-Ramon Llull University (S.S-N.); and Institute for Labour Studies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (A.N-G.)
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Measuring Presenteeism From Work Stress: The Job Stress-Related Presenteeism Scale. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:210-216. [PMID: 36730594 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presenteeism can result from a variety of causes, one of which is job stress. This study examined the factor structure and validity of the Job Stress-Related Presenteeism Scale (JSRPS). METHODS Using three organizational samples, the study aimed to determine the factor structure of the JSRPS, its relationship to a sickness presenteeism scale, and the association between the JSRPS and associated concepts. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a reliable 6-item, 2-factor model for the JSRPS. JSRPS scores were associated with higher levels of psychological distress, workplace harassment, and turnover intentions and lower levels of job satisfaction, and work engagement. The JSRPS had stronger associations with psychological distress and workplace harassment than did the Stanford Presenteeism Scale. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the JSRPS provides a valid measure of presenteeism resulting from job stress.
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Lee KS, Lee DW, Park J, Kim HY, Yun JY, Hong YC, Lee N. Association between sickness presenteeism and depressive symptoms in Korean workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:344-351. [PMID: 36116605 PMCID: PMC9477787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean workers have reported various types of sickness presenteeism (SP: continuing to attend work during illness). Understanding SP through mental health perspectives will help to make practical strategy for better working conditions. We examined the association between SP and depression among Korean workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation with the socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. METHODS Data from the 2020 Korean Community Health Survey were used as a representative nationwide sample dataset. We surveyed the experience of depression in the last two weeks from individuals who worked more than a week recently. We investigated the associations between SP and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were scored using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the significance of the associations. RESULTS Analysis of the data obtained from 84,514 participants revealed that 1700 (2.2 %) participants reported experiencing depressive symptoms in 2020. Employees with SP showed higher association with depressive symptoms than employers or self-employed individuals (OR = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.85, 2.56 among employees vs. OR = 1.76, 95 % CI: 1.29, 2.40 among employers or self-employed individuals). CONCLUSION SP has become more prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic. A protective strategy against SP among vulnerable workers is necessary for a healthier and safer society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Lee
- Public Health Research Institute, National Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JooYong Park
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nami Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Human Rights Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shan G, Wang W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Guo S, Li Y. Authoritarian leadership and nurse presenteeism: the role of workload and leader identification. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:337. [PMID: 36461043 PMCID: PMC9717413 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses' health in the workplace is crucial for ensuring the quality of healthcare. However, presenteeism, the behavior of working in a state of ill health, is widespread in the nursing industry. Considering that the origin of authoritarian leadership and the prevalence of presenteeism are inseparable from Chinese workplace culture, this study aimed to explore the impact and mechanism of authoritarian leadership on presenteeism. METHODS A total of 528 nurses were recruited from four grade III level A hospitals in the present survey, which was distributed across 98 nursing teams. Participants were required to complete self-report measures on authoritarian leadership, presenteeism, workload, and leader identification. Description, correlation, and multilevel linear regressions were applied for data analysis. RESULTS The present study found that presenteeism was significantly related to participants' demographic characteristics, such as marital status, educational level, technological title, and general health. There was a positive relationship between authoritarian leadership and presenteeism, and workload acted as a mediator in authoritarian leadership and presenteeism. Furthermore, leader identification moderated the relationship between authoritarian leadership and workload. When nurses were under high leader identification, the positive impact of authoritarian leadership on workload was reinforced. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the potential antecedents and mechanisms of nurse presenteeism from the perspective of workplace culture. Results indicated that the excessive authoritarianism of leaders and the heavy workload faced by nurses may be the significant triggers for nurses' presenteeism. The role of leader identification is not always protective, which may heighten the relationship between dark leadership and its outcomes. These observations contribute to enriching research on presenteeism and authoritarian leadership, and provide valuable insights for cultivating healthy working behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Shan
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XBusiness School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China ,grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Outpatient, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XBusiness School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shujie Guo
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of International Education, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Siqueira VB, Carvalho FM. Presenteeism among fruit farm workers in Northeast Brazil: cross-sectional study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2022; 60:525-534. [PMID: 34866096 PMCID: PMC9726604 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The scientific literature about presenteeism among farm workers is scarce. This study estimated the prevalence of and factors associated with presenteeism among paid fruit farm workers. A cross-sectional study investigated 340 paid employees of both sexes, aged 18 years or above, who worked during the 2019 irrigated fruit harvest in the municipality of Petrolina, Northeast Brazil. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, general health status, occupational characteristics, interpersonal work aspects, and the work environment's structural characteristics was collected in a structured questionnaire. Presenteeism was established when participants reported working one or more days during the previous season despite feeling ill or when injured. Cox regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios adjusted by sex, area of residence (urban or rural), employment contract (permanent or seasonal), satisfaction with management, participation in workplace decision-making, availability of on-site healthcare facilities, and on-site availability of sunscreen. The prevalence of presenteeism during the previous season was high: 58.2%. In the final multivariate model, the adjusted prevalence ratio was higher (≥1.20) among female workers (1.42), workers dissatisfied with management (1.28), and those for whom sunscreen was not available on site (1.61). The prevalence of presenteeism was high and associated with personal, work organizational, and workplace resources characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória B Siqueira
- Collegiate of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
- State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Carvalho
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
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12
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Lohaus D, Habermann W, Nachreiner M. Sickness presenteeism explained by balancing perceived positive and negative effects. Front Psychol 2022; 13:963560. [PMID: 36092041 PMCID: PMC9455224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.963560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the ever-growing body of research on sickness presenteeism, studies of perceived consequences are scarce and equally rare are joint considerations of beneficial and harmful effects. This study examined how experienced and expected consequences of the behavior are related to presenteeism. Positive and negative effects were considered simultaneously and comprehensively. This approach allowed us to capture the trade-off process of individuals in deciding to work or call in sick when ill. In a cross-sectional online survey, 591 working adults in Germany rated a thoroughly developed pool of specific experienced or potential consequences of working while sick and gave an overall judgment of effects. The results show that perceptions of effects are consistent with behavior. Individuals who exhibit presenteeism do so primarily because of work-related effects such as the completion of one’s work tasks and the meeting of deadlines. Few specific effects stand out and can largely explain attendance behavior and the overall assessment of effects. The findings are consistent with the assumptions of the health belief model and the expectancy value theory of work motivation and they relate to the health-performance framework. They demonstrated that benefits and costs of the behavior are simultaneously weighed in the decision to engage in presenteeism or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lohaus
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Malte Nachreiner
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
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13
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The Double-edged sword effect of inclusive leadership on employee presenteeism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Danos à saúde relacionados ao trabalho de enfermeiros em um hospital universitário. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2022. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2022ao014234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Duvvury N, Vara-Horna A, Chadha M. Development and Validation of Lost Days of Labor Productivity Scale to Evaluate the Business Cost of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP2912-NP2943. [PMID: 32741242 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520944532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing scientific evidence showing the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on companies' productivity is an effective way to involve them in IPV prevention. However, there are no suitable and brief self-report instruments available that measure this impact on labor settings. This study develops and assesses the measurement properties of lost days of labor productivity scale based on tardiness, absenteeism, and presenteeism which may be due to IPV. Fourteen items have been developed and tested for 2,017 employees in 306 companies in Ghana, Pakistan, and South Sudan. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, heterotrait-monotrait matrix, and reliability coefficients have been conducted to assess the reliability of the scores. Confirmatory factor analysis indicates a two-factor second-order solution, stable by sex and countries. All subscales demonstrate good reliability, construct and discriminant validity, showing that the scale is a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire, which may measure the impact of IPV on businesses.
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16
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Occupation and Sickness Absence in the Different Autonomous Communities of Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111453. [PMID: 34769969 PMCID: PMC8583026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The occupation of a worker is a determining factor of sickness absence (SA) and can influence both the beginning and continuation of the latter. This study describes SA in Spain, separately in the different Autonomous Communities (AC) in relation to the occupation of workers, with the aim of determining the possible differences in its frequency and duration, relating it also to the diagnosis. A total of 6,543,307 workers, aged 16 years and older, who had at least one episode of SA in the year 2019, constituted the study sample. The obtained results indicate that SA is more frequent and shorter in more elemental occupations. The average duration increases with age and is longer in women, except in technical and administrative occupations, where there is no gender divide. Sickness absences caused by musculoskeletal and mental disorders are more frequent in the lower occupational classes, although their average duration is shorter than in other, more qualified groups. The ACs with shorter duration in almost all the occupational groups are Madrid, Navarre and the Basque Country. In conclusion, SA is more frequent and shorter in lower occupational classes.
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17
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Knani M, Fournier PS, Biron C. Revisiting presenteeism to broaden its conceptualization: A qualitative study. Work 2021; 70:547-559. [PMID: 34657864 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presenteeism is generally viewed as a symptom of organizational or individual dysfunction and is rarely considered as a behavioral response to positive triggering factors. Our study examines this issue in small enterprises (SEs), which are an unexplored environment in terms of presenteeism. OBJECTIVE Through in-depth analysis, this study aims to understand the positive and negative factors that impact presenteeism in the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with a particular focus on SEs. METHODS We adopt a qualitative methodological approach in which we conducted 17 semi-structured interviews with employees and owner-managers of SEs with between 20 and 49 employees. RESULTS Our thematic analysis shows that presenteeism can be explained by factors related to pressure to attend work, by individuals' constraints and commitment, by organizational and individual characteristics and by a congenial work environment. Presenteeism can also be a type of "therapy" which helps individuals to avoid focusing on being sick and enables them to stay active and avoid social isolation. CONCLUSIONS Our study differs from earlier research by providing a more in-depth analysis of the positive and negative factors that trigger presenteeism. This article will help to expand the current theoretical knowledge about presenteeism and encourage a more holistic interpretation of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Knani
- HEC Montreal, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Biron
- Faculty of Business Administration, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Vinberg S, Landstad BJ, Tjulin Å, Nordenmark M. Sickness Presenteeism Among the Swedish Self-Employed During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:723036. [PMID: 34621220 PMCID: PMC8490737 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzed the impact of business operations, work and family circumstances, and well-being on the risk of sickness presenteeism for Swedish self-employed workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is of great importance to investigate the impact of the pandemic on the self-employed and their enterprises because they are seen as key drivers of economic growth and constitute an expanding group in many countries. Data were obtained from 845 self-employed workers by a web-based survey including questions about background information, work and family circumstances, well-being, sickness presenteeism, and questions about the pandemic. Results were that around 40% of the self-employed introduced new products, processes, and marketing methods, and just over 50% attempted to get new customers during the pandemic. Nearly half of the self-employed people reported that they lost contracts, and 22% judged the risk of bankruptcy to be quite or highly likely. Regression analyses showed that the more the self-employed reported impact on business indicators, increased work hours, a higher level of work-family conflict, and a lower level of mental well-being, the higher the risk of sickness presenteeism. The most common reasons given by the participants for sickness presenteeism during the pandemic were “nobody else can carry out my responsibilities,” “I can't afford to take sick leave” and “I enjoy my work.” Conclusions are that a critical event such as the pandemic probably adds to an already high workload for the self-employed. Impact on business operations such as developing new products/services and marketing, risk of bankruptcy and increased work hours seems to be important factors for explaining sickness presenteeism among the self-employed. Theoretical contributions from the study suggest that critical events such as the Covid-19 pandemic should be considered as an important environmental factor when studying sickness presenteeism among self-employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Bodil J Landstad
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,Nord-Trødelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway.,Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tjulin
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Nordenmark
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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19
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Goda K, Kenzaka T, Yahata S, Kumabe A, Katsurada M, Nishisaki H. Changes in patients' outlook, behaviors, and attitudes toward COVID-19 after hospitalization and their experiences of discrimination and harassment. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:362. [PMID: 34535190 PMCID: PMC8447803 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to examine changes in patients’ perspectives and outlooks regarding the disease and their health after hospitalization for COVID-19 and investigate their discrimination and harassment experiences. This prospective observational study surveyed discharged patients who had been admitted to Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center in Japan for COVID-19. Patient characteristics, changes in outlook and behaviors after discharge, and incidents of discrimination and harassment were examined. The study was conducted in two waves: March–June 2020 and July–September 2020. Results Responses were obtained from 27 patients aged 50 ± 17 years, including 16 men (59.3%). We found most patients feared infection before hospitalization (88.5%) and had taken some preventive measures (96.3%), however after discharge, all (100%) practiced social distancing and infection prevention. Twenty patients (80%) considered changing their lifestyles, and 19 (79.2%) decided to use sick leave when they felt ill; these trends were more prominent during the second wave. Six patients (23.1%) reported experiencing discrimination or harassment after discharge. While most patients with COVID-19 had a strong fear of infection before hospitalization, their views about health and health behaviors changed after hospitalization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05780-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Goda
- Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-5, Arata-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 652-0032, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center, Tanba, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Kenzaka
- Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-5, Arata-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 652-0032, Japan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center, Tanba, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Yahata
- Division of Community Medicine and Medical Education, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayako Kumabe
- Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-5, Arata-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 652-0032, Japan
| | - Masahiro Katsurada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center, Tanba, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hogara Nishisaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center, Tanba, Japan
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20
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Reasons for presenteeism in different occupational branches in Sweden: a population based cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1385-1395. [PMID: 33914162 PMCID: PMC8292261 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To compare the prevalence and reasons for presenteeism in occupations in three branches defined as employees handling people, handling things or handling symbols. Method A cross-sectional population-based cohort study was conducted. The study group was drawn from a representative sample (n = 6230) aged 16–64, who had been interviewed in 2015 or in 2017 for the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (SWES). The odds ratios (ORs) stratified by occupational category for reasons of presenteeism, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were estimated using binomial multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The study showed that presenteeism was more common among employees handling people (74%), when compared to employees handling things (65%) or handling symbols (70%). The most common reason for presenteeism among employees handling people was “I do not want to burden my colleagues”, while “Because nobody else can carry out my responsibilities” was most common in the other two categories. After control for socio-demography, work environments and health, the differences in reasons mostly remained significant between the three occupational categories. Conclusion The differences between occupational categories are important for prevalence and reasons for presenteeism. As presenteeism affects the future health of employees and the productivity of the work unit, attempts to reduce presenteeism may be important. Because the reasons vary between occupations, customized preventive measures should be applied in different occupational settings. Among employees handling people, covering up for absence in work team is relevant, while among employees handling symbols and handling things the corresponding focus could be on shared responsibilities for specific tasks. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-021-01701-2.
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21
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Ishimaru T, Mine Y, Fujino Y. Two definitions of presenteeism: sickness presenteeism and impaired work function. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 70:95-100. [PMID: 32009152 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two major definitions exist for presenteeism: sickness presenteeism and impaired work function. The evidence for comparing previous studies on presenteeism is insufficient because of the different definitions of presenteeism used. AIMS To assess the relationship between the two major definitions of presenteeism. METHODS This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data on 5334 respondents to an employee survey administered in a construction company in Japan. Impaired work function was measured using the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). Multiple logistic regression was performed. RESULTS A strong linear association was observed between the number of days of sickness presenteeism and impaired work function (all P < 0.001). In contrast, the number of days of sickness absence was only partially positively associated with impaired work function. All choices for most frequent health problem were positively associated with impaired work function, beginning with mental problems (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 20.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.94-28.01), followed by malaise (adjusted OR = 11.91, 95% CI: 9.08-15.62) and sleeping problems (adjusted OR = 8.62, 95% CI: 6.57-11.33). CONCLUSIONS A strong relationship was observed between the two major definitions of presenteeism, even after adjusting for a variety of chronic health conditions. Although a consensus on the definition of presenteeism is yet to be reached, this study provides insight on comparing existing studies on presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishimaru
- Department of Health Management, Nishinihon Occupational Health Service Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Y Mine
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Y Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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22
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Lohaus D, Habermann W, El Kertoubi I, Röser F. Working While Ill Is Not Always Bad-Positive Effects of Presenteeism. Front Psychol 2021; 11:620918. [PMID: 33551933 PMCID: PMC7862752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenteeism-going to work while ill-is a widespread phenomenon worldwide. Previous research has concentrated mainly on its negative effects. This study investigates the positive consequences of presenteeism derived from a comprehensive content model of presenteeism that was developed on the basis of negative effects. In a quantitative online-survey employees (N = 181) rated the degree of experienced or potential positive effects depending on whether they had worked while ill (75%) or not (25%) during the previous year. Results revealed that all postulated positive effects described in the content model were relevant. Most positive effects were rated significantly higher by participants who had shown presenteeism in comparison to those who had not. The positive effects significantly predicted presenteeism propensity (adjusted R 2 = 0.20) for participants having shown presenteeism. In addition, an overall rating of positive effects was significantly related to presenteeism, however, to a lesser degree. Overall, the results demonstrate the applicability of the content model to positive effects of presenteeism. They point to the need for further investigation of them and their consideration for the management of presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lohaus
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Isam El Kertoubi
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Röser
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
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23
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Dantas GDSV, Cardoso JP. Factors associated with presenteeism due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Rev Bras Med Trab 2020; 18:133-141. [PMID: 33324454 PMCID: PMC7732051 DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2020-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presenteeism associated to work-related musculoskeletal disorders is an important aspect of occupational health that can reveal important information regarding productivity and quality of life at work. Objective To quantify and evaluate the factors associated to presenteeism due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Methods This is a crosssectional study that used data from the Brazilian National Survey of Health of 2013, involving 847 workers diagnosed with workrelated musculoskeletal disorders. Results A multivariate analysis observed an association between presenteeism due to workrelated musculoskeletal disorders and income of a minimum wage or less (prevalence ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.60), intense physical activity at work (prevalence ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.37), and chronic diseases (prevalence ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.38). Conclusions Our observations indicated a high incidence of presenteeism, which was associated to sociodemographic and occupational aspects, as well as to the workers’ lifestyle and health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jefferson Paixão Cardoso
- Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População (NESP), Departamento de Saúde II, UESB - Jequié (BA), Brazil
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24
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Exhaustion and Impaired Work Performance in the Workplace: Associations With Presenteeism and Absenteeism. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61:e438-e444. [PMID: 31478995 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current levels of exhaustion and impaired work performance in a Swedish university setting. METHODS In a study of 3525 employees, an ordinal logistic regression and general linear model was used to examine the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current exhaustion and impaired work performance, respectively. RESULTS Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, during the previous year independently increased the risk of having moderate or severe exhaustion. Presenteeism, absenteeism, and exhaustion remained positively associated with impaired work performance when health status and other confounders had been adjusted for. CONCLUSIONS Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, was associated with exhaustion. Both presenteeism and absenteeism were the salient correlates of impaired work performance.
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25
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Gianino MM, Kakaa O, Politano G, Scarmozzino A, Benso A, Zotti CM. Severe and moderate seasonal influenza epidemics among Italian healthcare workers: A comparison of the excess of absenteeism. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 15:81-90. [PMID: 32666696 PMCID: PMC7767959 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to quantify the excess of sickness absenteeism among healthcare workers (HCWs), to estimate the impact of a severe versus moderate influenza season and to determine whether the vaccination rates are associated with reduced sickness absence. Methods We investigated the excess absenteeism that occurred in a large Italian hospital, 5300 HCWs, during the severe influenza season of 2017/2018 and compared it with three moderate flu seasons (2010/2013). Data on influenza vaccinations and absenteeism were obtained from the hospital's databases. The data were split into two periods: the epidemic, from 42 to 17 weeks, and non‐epidemic, defined as 18 to 41 weeks, which was used as the baseline. We stratified the absenteeism among HCWs in multiple variables. Results Our study showed an increased absenteeism among HCWs during the epidemic period of severe season in comparison with non‐epidemic periods, the absolute increase correlated with a relative increase of 70% (from 4.05 to 6.68 days/person). Vaccinated HCWs had less excess of absenteeism in comparison with non‐vaccinated HCWs (1.74 vs 2.71 days/person). The comparison with the moderate seasons showed a stronger impact on HCW sick absenteeism in the severe season (+0.747days/person, P = .03), especially among nurses and HCWs in contact with patients (+1.53 P < .01; +1.19 P < .01). Conclusions In conclusion, a severe influenza epidemic has greater impacts on the absenteeism among HCWs than a moderate one. Although at a low rate, a positive effect of vaccination on absenteeism is present, it may support healthcare facilities to recommend vaccinations for their workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michela Gianino
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Omar Kakaa
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Politano
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Benso
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Maria Zotti
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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26
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Farah R, Malaeb D, Sacre H, Akel M, Hallit S, Salameh P. Factors associated with work impairment and productivity among Lebanese community pharmacists. Int J Clin Pharm 2020; 42:1097-1108. [PMID: 32638293 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Community pharmacists provide an essential service by promoting, maintaining and improving the health of the community. However, factors affecting community pharmacists' work productivity remain poorly studied. Objective Our study aimed to assess, on a national level, work productivity components and its correlates among Lebanese community pharmacists. Methods: The study was carried out between March and July 2018, using a representative sample of community pharmacies from all districts of Lebanon. Main outcome measure: The work productivity components were assessed using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. Results The study included 435 community pharmacists, the prevalence of sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism reached 91% and 45%, respectively. Presenteeism was positively associated with reporting higher depression score (β = 0.26) and insomnia (β = 0.20) whereas better mental (β = - 0.35) and physical health (β = - 0.38) were negatively associated with presenteeism. Absenteeism was positively associated with male gender (adjusted OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.14-3.70), reporting higher depression score (adjusted OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.11) and negatively associated with better mental and physical health (adjusted OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.96 and adjusted OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99; respectively). Activity impairment was positively associated with depression (β = 0.16) and insomnia (β = 0.12) and negatively associated with better mental (β = - 0.22) and physical health (β = - 0.015). Conclusion This is the first study assessing work productivity and activity impairment among Lebanese community pharmacists. Further research is needed to predict sickness absenteeism and presenteeism and this information will be useful to ensure quality of care is delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Farah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Life Sciences and Health Department, Paris-Est University, Paris, France
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie- Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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A Resourceful Work Environment Moderates the Relationship between Presenteeism and Health. A Study Using Repeated Measures in the Swedish Working Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134711. [PMID: 32629990 PMCID: PMC7370150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate if the psychosocial work environment moderates the proposed negative impact of presenteeism on future general health. We expect that the negative impact of presenteeism on general health is weaker if the psychosocial work environment is resourceful, and more pronounced if the environment is stressful. Data were derived from the 2008–2018 biennial waves of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). The final analytic sample consisted of n = 15,779 individuals. We applied repeated measures regression analyses through generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results from the autoregressive GEE models showed statistically significant interaction terms between presenteeism and all four investigated moderators, i.e., job demands, job control, job support and job strain. The results indicate that the psychosocial work environment moderates the negative association between presenteeism and general health and illustrates a buffering effect of the psychosocial work environment. A possible explanation for these results may be that psychosocially resourceful work environments give room for adjustments in the work situation and facilitate recovery. The results also indicate that by investing the psychosocial work environment employers may be able to promote worker health as well as prevent reduced job performance due to presenteeism.
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Baker MG, Peckham TK, Seixas NS. Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: A key factor in containing risk of COVID-19 infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232452. [PMID: 32343747 PMCID: PMC7188235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the global spread of COVID-19, there is a compelling public health interest in quantifying who is at increased risk of contracting disease. Occupational characteristics, such as interfacing with the public and being in close quarters with other workers, not only put workers at high risk for disease, but also make them a nexus of disease transmission to the community. This can further be exacerbated through presenteeism, the term used to describe the act of coming to work despite being symptomatic for disease. Quantifying the number of workers who are frequently exposed to infection and disease in the workplace, and understanding which occupational groups they represent, can help to prompt public health risk response and management for COVID-19 in the workplace, and subsequent infectious disease outbreaks. METHODS To estimate the number of United States workers frequently exposed to infection and disease in the workplace, national employment data (by Standard Occupational Classification) maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was merged with a BLS O*NET survey measure reporting how frequently workers in each occupation are exposed to infection or disease at work. This allowed us to estimate the number of United States workers, across all occupations, exposed to disease or infection at work more than once a month. RESULTS Based on our analyses, approximately 10% (14.4 M) of United States workers are employed in occupations where exposure to disease or infection occurs at least once per week. Approximately 18.4% (26.7 M) of all United States workers are employed in occupations where exposure to disease or infection occurs at least once per month. While the majority of exposed workers are employed in healthcare sectors, other occupational sectors also have high proportions of exposed workers. These include protective service occupations (e.g. police officers, correctional officers, firefighters), office and administrative support occupations (e.g. couriers and messengers, patient service representatives), education occupations (e.g. preschool and daycare teachers), community and social services occupations (community health workers, social workers, counselors), and even construction and extraction occupations (e.g. plumbers, septic tank installers, elevator repair). CONCLUSIONS The large number of persons employed in occupations with frequent exposure to infection and disease underscore the importance of all workplaces developing risk response plans for COVID-19. Given the proportion of the United States workforce exposed to disease or infection at work, this analysis also serves as an important reminder that the workplace is a key locus for public health interventions, which could protect both workers and the communities they serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa G. Baker
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Trevor K. Peckham
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Noah S. Seixas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Baker MG, Peckham TK, Seixas NS. Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: A key factor in containing risk of COVID-19 infection. PLoS One 2020. [PMID: 32343747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232452)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the global spread of COVID-19, there is a compelling public health interest in quantifying who is at increased risk of contracting disease. Occupational characteristics, such as interfacing with the public and being in close quarters with other workers, not only put workers at high risk for disease, but also make them a nexus of disease transmission to the community. This can further be exacerbated through presenteeism, the term used to describe the act of coming to work despite being symptomatic for disease. Quantifying the number of workers who are frequently exposed to infection and disease in the workplace, and understanding which occupational groups they represent, can help to prompt public health risk response and management for COVID-19 in the workplace, and subsequent infectious disease outbreaks. METHODS To estimate the number of United States workers frequently exposed to infection and disease in the workplace, national employment data (by Standard Occupational Classification) maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was merged with a BLS O*NET survey measure reporting how frequently workers in each occupation are exposed to infection or disease at work. This allowed us to estimate the number of United States workers, across all occupations, exposed to disease or infection at work more than once a month. RESULTS Based on our analyses, approximately 10% (14.4 M) of United States workers are employed in occupations where exposure to disease or infection occurs at least once per week. Approximately 18.4% (26.7 M) of all United States workers are employed in occupations where exposure to disease or infection occurs at least once per month. While the majority of exposed workers are employed in healthcare sectors, other occupational sectors also have high proportions of exposed workers. These include protective service occupations (e.g. police officers, correctional officers, firefighters), office and administrative support occupations (e.g. couriers and messengers, patient service representatives), education occupations (e.g. preschool and daycare teachers), community and social services occupations (community health workers, social workers, counselors), and even construction and extraction occupations (e.g. plumbers, septic tank installers, elevator repair). CONCLUSIONS The large number of persons employed in occupations with frequent exposure to infection and disease underscore the importance of all workplaces developing risk response plans for COVID-19. Given the proportion of the United States workforce exposed to disease or infection at work, this analysis also serves as an important reminder that the workplace is a key locus for public health interventions, which could protect both workers and the communities they serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa G Baker
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Trevor K Peckham
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Noah S Seixas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Baker MG, Peckham TK, Seixas NS. Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: A key factor in containing risk of COVID-19 infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232452. [PMID: 32343747 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.02.20030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the global spread of COVID-19, there is a compelling public health interest in quantifying who is at increased risk of contracting disease. Occupational characteristics, such as interfacing with the public and being in close quarters with other workers, not only put workers at high risk for disease, but also make them a nexus of disease transmission to the community. This can further be exacerbated through presenteeism, the term used to describe the act of coming to work despite being symptomatic for disease. Quantifying the number of workers who are frequently exposed to infection and disease in the workplace, and understanding which occupational groups they represent, can help to prompt public health risk response and management for COVID-19 in the workplace, and subsequent infectious disease outbreaks. METHODS To estimate the number of United States workers frequently exposed to infection and disease in the workplace, national employment data (by Standard Occupational Classification) maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was merged with a BLS O*NET survey measure reporting how frequently workers in each occupation are exposed to infection or disease at work. This allowed us to estimate the number of United States workers, across all occupations, exposed to disease or infection at work more than once a month. RESULTS Based on our analyses, approximately 10% (14.4 M) of United States workers are employed in occupations where exposure to disease or infection occurs at least once per week. Approximately 18.4% (26.7 M) of all United States workers are employed in occupations where exposure to disease or infection occurs at least once per month. While the majority of exposed workers are employed in healthcare sectors, other occupational sectors also have high proportions of exposed workers. These include protective service occupations (e.g. police officers, correctional officers, firefighters), office and administrative support occupations (e.g. couriers and messengers, patient service representatives), education occupations (e.g. preschool and daycare teachers), community and social services occupations (community health workers, social workers, counselors), and even construction and extraction occupations (e.g. plumbers, septic tank installers, elevator repair). CONCLUSIONS The large number of persons employed in occupations with frequent exposure to infection and disease underscore the importance of all workplaces developing risk response plans for COVID-19. Given the proportion of the United States workforce exposed to disease or infection at work, this analysis also serves as an important reminder that the workplace is a key locus for public health interventions, which could protect both workers and the communities they serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa G Baker
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Trevor K Peckham
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Noah S Seixas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Effect of Work Environment on Presenteeism among Aging American Workers: The Moderated Mediating Effect of Sense of Control. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010245. [PMID: 31905810 PMCID: PMC6981642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid increase of aging workforces, companies worldwide are concerned with improving the health and working status of older workers. Sense of control is an important psychological variable in sociology but has attracted less attention in studies of occupational health and management. This study examined the association of sense of control with presenteeism among aging workers in the United States. Data from the Health and Retirement Survey were analyzed, specifically, 2308 observations in 2012. Structural equation modeling was used to assess work environment, sense of control (measured in relation to personal mastery and perceived constraints), and associations with presenteeism. The moderating effect of subjective social status on the association between sense of control and presenteeism was examined with a moderated mediation model. In the final structural equation modeling model, work environment was directly inversely associated with presenteeism, and work environment was significantly inversely associated with perceived constraints. There was a direct positive association between work environment and personal mastery, a direct positive association between perceived constraints and presenteeism, and a significant inverse association between personal mastery and presenteeism. The significant indirect effects between work environment and presenteeism were significantly mediated by sense of control. Subjective social status inversely moderated the relation between presenteeism and perceived mastery, a dimension of sense of control. To increase the performance of aging workers in the United States, managers should create a work environment that facilitates access to job resources, as this might improve personal sense of control, particularly among those with high subjective social status.
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Ruhle SA, Breitsohl H, Aboagye E, Baba V, Biron C, Correia Leal C, Dietz C, Ferreira AI, Gerich J, Johns G, Karanika-Murray M, Lohaus D, Løkke A, Lopes SL, Martinez LF, Miraglia M, Muschalla B, Poethke U, Sarwat N, Schade H, Steidelmüller C, Vinberg S, Whysall Z, Yang T. “To work, or not to work, that is the question” – Recent trends and avenues for research on presenteeism. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2019.1704734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Ruhle
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H. Breitsohl
- Human Resources, Leadership, and Organization, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - E. Aboagye
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V. Baba
- DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C. Biron
- Department of Management, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - C. Correia Leal
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Dietz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. I. Ferreira
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Gerich
- Institute for Sociology, Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - G. Johns
- John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - D. Lohaus
- Department of Business Psychology, University of Applied SciencesDarmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Løkke
- Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S. L. Lopes
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L. F. Martinez
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - M. Miraglia
- University of Liverpool Management School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B. Muschalla
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - U. Poethke
- Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N. Sarwat
- Institute of Management Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - H. Schade
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - C. Steidelmüller
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S. Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Z. Whysall
- Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - T. Yang
- Faculty of Organization and Human Resource, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Excessive availability for work: Good or bad? Charting underlying motivations and searching for game-changers. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cowman K, Mittal J, Weston G, Harris E, Shapiro L, Schlair S, Park S, Nori P. Understanding drivers of influenza-like illness presenteeism within training programs: A survey of trainees and their program directors. Am J Infect Control 2019; 47:895-901. [PMID: 30898375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working with influenza-like illness (ILI) is pervasive throughout health care. We assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ILI presenteeism of both postgraduate trainees and program leaders. METHODS This survey study was conducted at the Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, a large academic center in the Bronx, New York. Internal medicine and subspecialty house staff and program directors completed an anonymous electronic survey between April 23 and June 15, 2018. RESULTS A total of 197 of 400 (49%) house staff and 23 of 39 (59%) program leaders participated; 107 (54%) trainees and 6 (26%) program leaders self-reported ILI presenteeism in the past 12 months. More than 90% of trainees and program leaders reported that ILI presenteeism places others at risk. Only 9% of program leaders accurately estimated trainee ILI presenteeism prevalence. Both cited "not wanting to burden colleagues" as the top reason for ILI presenteeism. Twenty-six (24%) trainees practiced ILI presenteeism on critical care units. The majority reported that they would provide patient care with upper respiratory symptoms without fever. Most trainees incorrectly answered influenza knowledge questions. CONCLUSIONS ILI presenteeism prevalence is high within training programs at our medical center. Program leaders can model best practices, enforce nonpunitive sick-leave policies, and ensure infection prevention competencies are met annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie Cowman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
| | - Jaimie Mittal
- St. Luke's Physician Group-Infectious Disease Associates, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA
| | - Gregory Weston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Emily Harris
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Lauren Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Sheira Schlair
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Sun Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Priya Nori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sickness presenteeism (SP) is a well-documented phenomenon in the current workforce. However, little is known about the SP of future employees (Millennials). We investigated rate and propensity of presenteeism and health-related and work-related correlates in university students to obtain information about the relevance of SP in the future workforce. Sickness presenteeism (SP) refers to going towork while ill.1 DESIGN AND SETTING: We administered a cross-sectional online survey in August 2018 involving self-assessments of health-related and work-related behaviour. As planned, we analysed rates, instances and propensities of presenteeism and absenteeism. The target population was Millennial university students. RESULTS 749 German university students, average age 24.7±3.6 years, 49.5% women, mean academic progress 4.5±2.7 semesters, <1% without work experience, 15.4±10.3 mean weekly working hours. Presenteeism rates in the complete sample were 64% at school and 60.4% at work. For the subsample of participants who reported sickness, presenteeism rates were 87.9% at school and 87% at work. Presenteeism propensity among them was 0.67±0.34 at school and 0.68±0.35 at work. SP at school and at work was significantly correlated with subjective health (r=0.29, p=0.000 and r=0.25, p=0.000) and locus of control (r=-0.20, p=0.000 and r=-0.26, p=0.000). Age and sex adjusted multiple regression analysis showed that subjective health explained 9.7% of the variance in SP at school (B=0.049, p=0.000) and 8.1% of the variance in SP at work (B=0.037, p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS The SP rates of the future workforce were in line with previous research on older employees, whereas the presenteeism propensities we found here were higher. Across all analyses, subjective health proved to be associated with presenteeism. Thus, the relevance of SP will remain constant or might even increase with regard to the future workforce. Programmes offering health education should be implemented to sensitise this generation as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lohaus
- Business Psychology, Hochschule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Röser
- Business Psychology, Hochschule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
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Navarro A, Salas‐Nicás S, Llorens C, Moncada S, Molinero‐Ruíz E, Moriña D. Sickness presenteeism: Are we sure about what we are studying? A research based on a literature review and an empirical illustration. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:580-589. [PMID: 31074084 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increasing interest in studying sickness presenteeism (SP). An ever-increasing amount of scientific literature is published using this term, yet there appears to be considerable heterogeneity in how it is assessed, which could result in substantial differences in the definition and interpretation of the phenomenon really being studied. We aim to discuss what really is being studied, depending on how the phenomenon is operationalized, measured, and analyzed. METHODS A study based on a literature review and an empirical illustration using data of the third Spanish Psychosocial Risks Survey (2016). RESULTS Differences are observed based on the population in which SP is measured, the cut-off points used to define a worker as presenteeist, the reasons for an SP episode and even an analysis of the phenomenon treated as a count or as a dichotomous. CONCLUSIONS Without being completely exclusive, it seems that restricting the population of analysis to only those workers who consider that they should not have gone to work due to their health, and/or establishing low cut-off points to define someone as presenteeist, would more clearly delimit the study of SP to the exercise of a right to sick leave. In contrast, working with the entire population or using high cut-off points appears to relate the study of SP more with health status and less with the exercise of rights. On the other hand, taking the reasons for SP into account would probably help to improve interpretation of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Navarro
- Research Group on Psychosocial RisksOrganization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of MedicineAutonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Sergio Salas‐Nicás
- Research Group on Psychosocial RisksOrganization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of MedicineAutonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Clara Llorens
- Research Group on Psychosocial RisksOrganization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS)Reference Centre on Work Organisation and HealthBarcelona Spain
- Sociology DepartmentFaculty of Sociology and Political Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Salvador Moncada
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS)Reference Centre on Work Organisation and HealthBarcelona Spain
| | | | - David Moriña
- Departament of MathematicsGraduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
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Wee LH, Yeap LLL, Chan CMH, Wong JE, Jamil NA, Swarna Nantha Y, Siau CS. Anteceding factors predicting absenteeism and presenteeism in urban area in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:540. [PMID: 31196096 PMCID: PMC6565599 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organization productivity is strongly linked to employees’ socioeconomic characteristics and health which is marked by absenteeism and presenteeism. This study aims to identify anteceding factors predicting employees’ absenteeism and presenteeism by income, physical and mental health. Methods An online health survey was conducted between May to July 2017 among employees from 47 private companies located in urban Malaysia. A total of 5235 respondents completed the 20-min online employee health survey on a voluntary basis. Chi-Square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine association between income with demographic and categorical factors of absenteeism and presenteeism. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify factors predicting absenteeism and presenteeism. Results More than one third of respondents’ monthly income were less than RM4,000 (35.4%), 29.6% between RM4,000-RM7,999 and 35.0% earned RM8,000 and above. The mean age was 33.8 years (sd ± 8.8) and 49.1% were married. A majority were degree holders (74.4%) and 43.6% were very concerned about their financial status. Mean years of working was 6.2 years (sd ± 6.9) with 68.9% satisfied with their job. More than half reported good general physical health (54.5%) (p = 0.065) and mental health (53.5%) (p = 0.019). The mean hours of sleep were 6.4 h (sd ± 1.1) with 63.2% reporting being unwell due to stress for the past 12 months. Mean work time missed due to ill-health (absenteeism) was 3.1% (sd ± 9.1), 2.8% (sd ± 9.1) and 1.8% (sd ± 6.5) among employees whose monthly income was less than RM4,000, RM4,000-RM7,999 and over RM8,000 respectively (p = 0.0066). Mean impairment while working due to ill-health (presenteeism) was 28.2% (sd ± 25.3), 24.9% (sd ± 25.5) and 20.3% (sd ± 22.9) among employees whose monthly income was less than RM4,000, RM4,000-RM7,999 and over RM8,000 respectively (p < 0.0001). Factors that predict both absenteeism and presenteeism were income, general physical health, sleep length and being unwell due to stress. Conclusions A combination of socioeconomic, physical and mental health factors predicted absenteeism and presenteeism with different strengths. Having insufficient income may lead to second jobs or working more hours which may affect their sleep, subjecting them to stressful condition and poor physical health. These findings demand holistic interventions from organizations and the government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hum Wee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lena Lay Ling Yeap
- Stats Consulting Sdn. Bhd, Ara Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Jamil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogarabindranath Swarna Nantha
- Primary Care Department, Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, The Ministry of Health Malaysia, Bukit Rasah, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Job demands, job resources, and behavior in times of sickness: An analysis across German nursing homes. Health Care Manage Rev 2019; 43:338-347. [PMID: 28263206 DOI: 10.1097/hmr.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of presenteeism, that is, employees coming to work despite being sick, has recently received more attention in the literature. Presenteeism not only threatens employees' health but also substantially drains productivity and drives considerable costs. When they are sick, employees have the choice of whether to go to work or to stay at home. Therefore, determinants of (sickness) absenteeism and presenteeism should be examined simultaneously. Nursing homes are faced with a particularly high prevalence of both absenteeism and presenteeism and are therefore a relevant object of investigation. PURPOSE The aim of our study is to analyze the effect of job demands and job resources on absenteeism, presenteeism, and the tendency to choose one behavior (being absent or being present in times of sickness) rather than the other over the last 12 months. To do so, we identify the determinants of absenteeism and/or presenteeism behavior based on theory and existing research about absenteeism, presenteeism, and job demands and job resources. After our empirical analysis, we provide explanations for our findings and offer practical suggestions for how to decrease the frequencies of absenteeism and presenteeism. METHODOLOGY In this study, a sample of 212 nurses from German nursing homes was used for an ordinal logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Our results show that role overload significantly increases the frequencies of both absenteeism and presenteeism. A good team climate decreases absenteeism and increases the tendency to choose presenteeism rather than absenteeism, whereas strategic training and development opportunities decrease presenteeism and increase the tendency to choose absenteeism rather than presenteeism.
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Kinman G. Sickness presenteeism at work: prevalence, costs and management. Br Med Bull 2019; 129:69-78. [PMID: 30649219 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presenteeism is defined as continuing to attend work during illness. As a growing health concern, awareness of the factors that encourage presenteeism and the risks of this behaviour is needed. SOURCES OF DATA A narrative review of research obtained via several databases, including Medline and Psycinfo, was conducted. AREAS OF AGREEMENT A range of contextual and individual factors is associated with presenteeism. Workers in some sectors, such as healthcare, appear to be at greater risk. Presenteeism may facilitate rehabilitation and recovery but it can exacerbate existing health problems and increase the risk of subsequent illness and absence as well as impair workability. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The incidence of sickness presenteeism is rising, alongside reductions in absenteeism. The growing awareness of the costs of presenteeism, especially in safety-critical environments, suggests that it should be considered a risk-taking behaviour and carefully measured and managed. GROWING POINTS AND AREAS FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Measuring presenteeism as well as absenteeism will provide more accurate information about employee health. Raising awareness of the risks of working while sick and the economic, moral, cultural and social pressures on employees to do so appears crucial. Systemic interventions to manage presenteeism based on research evidence are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Kinman
- School of Psychology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, Bedfordshire, England, UK
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Nordenmark M, Hagqvist E, Vinberg S. Sickness Presenteeism among the Self-employed and Employed in Northwestern Europe-The Importance of Time Demands. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:224-228. [PMID: 31297286 PMCID: PMC6598842 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background European policymakers encourage individuals to become self-employed because it is a way to promote innovation and job creation. It can be assumed that health and well-being among the self-employed and managers in small-scale enterprises are particularly crucial in this enterprise group because the smallness of the enterprise makes its members vulnerable. Earlier studies have indicated that the self-employed have a high working pace and work for long and irregular hours, indicating that it can be difficult to stay at home because of sickness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of sickness presenteeism among the self-employed in relation to the organizationally employed and to analyze whether any differences can be explained by higher work demands among the self-employed. Methods The study is based on the fifth European survey on working conditions (2010) and includes the northwestern European countries in the survey. The questions cover a wide range of topics designed to meet the European Union's political needs. The main variables in this study are sickness presenteeism and several indicators of time demands. Results The results show that the self-employed report a higher level of sickness presenteeism than the employed: 52.4 versus 43.6%. All indicators of time demands are significantly related to the risk for sickness presenteeism, also when controlling for background characteristics. Conclusion The results confirm that the level of sickness presenteeism is higher among the self-employed and that high time demands are a major explanation to this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Nordenmark
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 831 25, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Emma Hagqvist
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 831 25, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Stig Vinberg
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 831 25, Östersund, Sweden
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Lui JNM, Andres EB, Johnston JM. Presenteeism exposures and outcomes amongst hospital doctors and nurses: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:985. [PMID: 30567547 PMCID: PMC6299953 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presenteeism is a behavior in which an employee is physically present at work with reduced performance due to illness or other reasons. Hospital doctors and nurses are more inclined to exhibit presenteeism than other professional groups, resulting in diminished staff health, reduced team productivity and potentially higher indirect presenteeism-related medical costs than absenteeism. Robust presenteeism intervention programs and productivity costing studies are available in the manufacturing and business sectors but not the healthcare sector. This systematic review aims to 1) identify instruments measuring presenteeism and its exposures and outcomes; 2) appraise the related workplace theoretical frameworks; and 3) evaluate the association between presenteeism, its exposures and outcomes, and the financial costs of presenteeism as well as interventions designed to alleviate presenteeism amongst hospital doctors and nurses. Methods A systematic search was carried out in ten electronic databases from 1998 to 2017 and screened by two reviewers. Quality assessment was carried out using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool. Publications meeting predefined assessment criteria were selected for data extraction. Results A total of 275 unique English publications were identified, 38 were selected for quality assessment, and 24 were retained for data extraction. Seventeen publications reported on presenteeism exposures and outcomes, four on financial costing, one on intervention program and two on economic evaluations. Eight (39%) utilized a theoretical framework, where the Job-Demands Resources (JD-R) framework was the most commonly used model. Most assessed work stressors and resources were positively and negatively associated with presenteeism respectively. Contradictory and limited comparability on findings across studies may be attributed to variability of selected scales for measuring both presenteeism and its exposures/outcomes constructs. Conclusion The heterogeneity of published research and limited quality of measurement tools yielded no conclusive evidence on the association of presenteeism with hypothesized exposures, economic costs, or interventions amongst hospital healthcare workers. This review will aid researchers in developing a standardized multi-dimensional presenteeism exposures and productivity instrument to facilitate future cohort studies in search of potential cost-effective work-place intervention targets to reduce healthcare worker presenteeism and maintain a sustainable workforce. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3789-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Nga Man Lui
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, G/F, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ellie Bostwick Andres
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, G/F, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Janice Mary Johnston
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, G/F, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Navarro A, Salas-Nicás S, Moncada S, Llorens C, Molinero-Ruiz E. Prevalence, associated factors and reasons for sickness presenteeism: a cross-sectional nationally representative study of salaried workers in Spain, 2016. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021212. [PMID: 30056382 PMCID: PMC6067344 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sickness presenteeism (SP), its associated factors and the reasons given for SP episodes, among the overall salaried population and excluding the 'healthy' workers. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Salaried population in Spain. PARTICIPANTS Data were obtained from the third Spanish Psychosocial Risks Survey (2016), carried out between October and December 2016, n=1615. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported episodes of SP and their reasons. RESULTS 23.0% (95% CI 19.2 to 26.8) of the workers exhibit SP, whereas among those manifesting having had some health problem in the preceding year, the figure was 53.0% (95% CI 46.9 to 59.1). The factors associated with SP when we study all workers are age, seniority, salary structure, working more than 48 hours, the contribution of worker's wage to the total household income and downsizing; factors among the 'unhealthy' workers are working more than 48 hours and not having a contract. The most common reason for SP is 'did not want to burden my colleagues', 45.7% (95% CI 37.3 to 54.4), whereas 'I could not afford it for economic reasons' ranked third, 35.9% (29.4% to 42.9%), and 27.5% (21.3% to 34.6%) of the workers report 'worried about being laid off' as a reason for going to work despite being ill. CONCLUSIONS The estimated frequency of SP in Spain is lower than certain other countries, such as the Scandinavian countries. The factors associated vary depending on the population analysed (all workers or excluding 'healthy' workers). The reason 'I was worried about being laid off' was much more common than the estimates for Sweden or Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Navarro
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sergio Salas-Nicás
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Salvador Moncada
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS), Reference Centre on Work Organisation and Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Llorens
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS), Reference Centre on Work Organisation and Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Sociology Department, Faculty of Sociology and Political Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Oosterhaven JAF, Flach PA, Bültmann U, Schuttelaar MLA. Presenteeism in a Dutch hand eczema population-a cross-sectional survey. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:10-19. [PMID: 29607512 PMCID: PMC6001425 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presenteeism (attending work despite complaints and ill health, which should prompt rest and absence) has been overlooked in the field of hand eczema. OBJECTIVES To examine the 1-year prevalence of presenteeism related to hand eczema in a population of hand eczema patients who visited a tertiary referral centre. Secondary objectives: to identify intrinsic/extrinsic reasons for presenteeism and to evaluate associated factors. METHODS This was a cross-sectional questionnaire study. Presenteeism was defined as "going to work despite feeling you should have taken sick leave because of hand eczema". Respondents answered questions about socio-demographic factors, clinical features, occupational characteristics, and hand eczema related to occupational exposure. RESULTS Forty-one per cent (141/346) of patients who had both worked and had hand eczema during the past 12 months reported presenteeism. The most often reported reasons were: "Because I do not want to give in to my impairment/weakness" (46%) and "Because I enjoy my work" (40%). Presenteeism was associated with: mean hand eczema severity; absenteeism because of hand eczema; improvement of hand eczema when away from work; and high-risk occupations. CONCLUSIONS In this study, presenteeism was common and predominantly observed in patients with more severe hand eczema and occupational exposure. The most frequently reported reasons for presenteeism were of an intrinsic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jart A. F. Oosterhaven
- Department of Dermatology, University of GroningenUniversity Medical CentreGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Flach
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical CentreGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical CentreGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marie L. A. Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University of GroningenUniversity Medical CentreGroningenThe Netherlands
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Mekonnen TH, Tefera MA, Melsew YA. Sick at work: prevalence and determinants among healthcare workers, western Ethiopia: an institution based cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2018; 30:2. [PMID: 29435337 PMCID: PMC5793443 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-018-0213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Going to work despite feeling sick also known as sickness presenteeism is one of the emerging global occupational health challenges. Sickness presenteeism negatively affects both health of work forces and productivity of organizations in general. However, there is insufficient research exploring this situation in majority of the Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Thus this study intended to investigate the prevalence and determinant factors of sickness presenteeism among health care workers, Western Ethiopia. Methods This study used an institution based cross-sectional quantitative study design. The study period was from February to March, 2017. We employed simple random sampling method to select 360 study samples. Data collection was performed by pre-tested structured and self- administered questionnaire. We used SPSS version 20 to carry out binary logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was calculated and significance of associations was determined at p-value < 0.05. Results A total of 344 respondents fully completed the survey questionnaire. Mean age with standard deviation was 30.28 ± 6.181. Prevalence of sickness Presenteeism was 52.6% [95%CI: (47.4, 57.8)] in the past 12 months. Educational status [AOR:2.1, 95%CI: (1.17,3.90)], financial problem [AOR:1.9,95%CI:(1.07,3.46)], sickness absenteeism [AOR:2.7,95% CI:(1.50,5.02)], lack of staff replacement [AOR:2.7,95%CI:(1.50,5.02)], absence of occupational health services [AOR:3.0,95%CI:(1.34,6.70)], and pressure from supervisor [AOR:1.8,95% CI:(1.01,3.31)] were significant predictors of the dependent variable. Conclusion Relatively higher proportions of workers indicated sickness presenteeism as compared to other studies. Risk factors like educational status, personal financial problem, sickness absenteeism, lack of staff replacement, absence of occupational health services, and pressure from supervisors considerably increased the likely occurrence of employees’ sick attendance. It is advisable for health care managers to hire adequate health care staffs, to implement basic occupational health services and to design strategies which reduce pressure from supervisors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen
- 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekuriaw Alemayewu Tefera
- 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yayehirad Alemu Melsew
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article investigates various motives for sickness presence (SP) among students in secondary school. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING 25 secondary schools in Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy and Latvia. PARTICIPANTS 5002 students between 16 and 19 years of age, 49% female. RESULTS Almost half of the students reported two or more incidents of SP. The study indicated that the practice of SP was mainly extrinsically motivated. The most often reported motives for SP were that absence could affect grades negatively, that important curriculum material was explained at the school and attendance requirements. Some students practising SP expressed intrinsic motivation, such as maintaining their social network and interest in what was learnt at school. CONCLUSION The study investigated various motives for SP in secondary schools in five European countries. Extrinsic motivation for SP was more often reported than intrinsic motivation for SP. Multivariate analyses indicated that boys, students in vocational education, immigrants and students with low-educated parents more often reported intrinsic motivation for SP, while girls and students with high absence more often reported extrinsic motivation. There were also notable cross-country differences regarding reported motives for SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Johansen
- Welfare and organisation, Eastern Norway Research Institute, Lillehammer, Norway
- Education and Lifelong Learning, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Mitchell KJ, Vayalumkal JV. Sickness presenteeism: The prevalence of coming to work while ill among paediatric resident physicians in Canada. Paediatr Child Health 2017; 22:84-88. [PMID: 29479187 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickness presenteeism is defined as the act of attending one's job despite ill-health. Recently, physicians and other health care workers have become the focus of sickness presenteeism research, because presenteeism in this population can put patients at risk of infection. There are currently no data on this topic among physicians in Canada. The aim of this study was to investigate sickness presenteeism in paediatric resident physicians in Canada. Methods We conducted an anonymous, online, cross-sectional survey study in which all paediatric residents in Canada were eligible. Outcomes of interest included prevalences of sickness presenteeism, sickness during the study period and voluntary self-appointed personal protective equipment use when engaging in sickness presenteeism. Results Response rate was 56.5% (N=323). During the previous 2 months, 61% (95% confidence interval [CI] 55.7 to 66.3) of respondents reported having experienced an illness and 59% (95% CI 53.7 to 64.5) of respondents had come to work sick. Of those who reported becoming ill during the study period, 97.0% (95% CI 94.6 to 99.4) reported coming to work while sick. There was no difference in prevalence when comparing across post-graduate year training levels. Extra personal protective equipment was used by 86% (95% CI 82.1 to 91.7) when engaging in sickness presenteeism. Conclusion Sickness presenteeism is a common phenomenon among paediatric resident physicians. Our results should influence residents and supervising staff physicians to encourage appropriate self-care at home, rather than presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Joseph V Vayalumkal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.,Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, Alberta
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Bachert P, Walter UN, Mess F. Präsentismus innerhalb der Polizei. PRÄVENTION UND GESUNDHEITSFÖRDERUNG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11553-017-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gustafsson Sendén M, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Fridner A. Gender differences in Reasons for Sickness Presenteeism - a study among GPs in a Swedish health care organization. Ann Occup Environ Med 2016; 28:50. [PMID: 27660717 PMCID: PMC5028976 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-016-0136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is common that physicians go to work while sick and therefore it is important to understand the reasons behind. Previous research has shown that women and men differ in health and health related behavior. In this study, we examine gender differences among general practitioners who work while sick. Methods General practitioners (GP’s) working in outpatient care in a Swedish city participated in the study (n = 283; women = 63 %; response rate = 41 %). Data were obtained from a large web-based questionnaire about health and organization within primary care. Two questions about sickness presenteeism (going to work while sick) were included; life-long and during the past 12 months, and five questions about reasons. We controlled for general health, work-family conflict and demographic variables. Results Female physicians reported sickness presenteeism more often than male physicians. Work-family conflict mediated the association between gender and sickness presenteeism. Women reported reasons related with “concern for others” and “workload” more strongly than men. Men reported reasons related with “capacity” and “money” more strongly than women. These differences are likely effects of gender stereotyping and different family-responsibilities. Conclusions Gender socialization and gender stereotypes may influence work and health-related behavior. Because sickness presenteeism is related with negative effects both on individuals and at organizational levels, it is important that managers of health organizations understand the reasons for this, and how gender roles may influence the prevalence of sickness presenteeism and the reasons that female and male GPs give for their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Fridner
- Department of psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Veale PM, Vayalumkal JV, McLaughlin K. Sickness presenteeism in clinical clerks: Negatively reinforced behavior or an issue of patient safety? Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:892-7. [PMID: 27040572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate sickness presenteeism in medical students and to understand the factors that may promote this behavior. METHODS All 178 final year medical students (clinical clerks) at the University of Calgary, Class of 2014 were invited to complete an online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey. After completing each mandatory rotation, students were sent a link to the online survey. Students were asked to report days of illness and whether they attended clinical or educational activities while ill. Students were also asked about consequences of missed days and reasons for attending while ill. RESULTS Out of a possible 1,068 surveys, 549 surveys were returned, reflecting a 51% response rate. Overall, 37.0% ± 11.8% of the respondents reported attending while experiencing symptoms suggestive of a contagious illness. Overall, the odds of presenteeism (ie, attending while ill/absent while ill) for all clerkship rotations were 4.92. The most frequent reasons (56%) were concerns regarding evaluation or the impact that missing time from the rotation would have on their learning. CONCLUSIONS Sickness presenteeism is common among medical students. Relevant factors may be different for students than other health care workers. Medical educators should be aware of these factors when developing policies to help promote professionalism and patient safety.
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Thun S, Løvseth LT. A Health Impairment Process of Sickness Presenteeism in Norwegian Physicians: The Mediating Role of Exhaustion. Health (London) 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.89089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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