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Blake H, Chaplin WJ, Gupta A. The effectiveness of digital interventions for self-management of chronic pain in employment settings: a systematic review. Br Med Bull 2024:ldae007. [PMID: 38972661 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pain affects over a quarter of the workforce with high economic burden for individuals, employers and healthcare services. Access to work-related advice for people with chronic pain is variable. This systematic review aims to explore the effectiveness of workplace-delivered digital interventions for the self-management of chronic pain. SOURCE OF DATA MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, JBI, Open Science Framework, Epistemonikos and Google Scholar. Articles published between January 2001 and December 2023 were included. Searches were conducted between October 2023 and December 2023. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Workplace-delivered digital interventions to support self-management of chronic pain at work may improve pain and health-related quality of life in vocationally active adults. Delivering interventions outside of clinical services, through the workplace setting, may help to reduce inequity in access to work-related advice for people with chronic pain, and ultimately reduce the burden on individuals, employers and healthcare services. Interventions include mobile apps and web-based programmes. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Studies were moderate-to-low quality. Most studies focused on exercise, few considered other aspects of pain self-management. Given the limited evidence in the current literature, consensus on best intervention format and delivery is lacking. GROWING POINTS More high-quality studies are needed given the heterogeneity in study design, interventions and outcome measures. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH No interventions included advice on work-related adjustments or support. Few studies included work-related outcomes, despite the known impact of pain on work and work on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Wendy J Chaplin
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alisha Gupta
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Newcastleupon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Rujiret U, Keerin M, Julaporn P, Petcharatana B, Wattana J, Chutima J. Validity of "OfficeCheck": A self-musculoskeletal assessment tool for screening work-related musculoskeletal disorders in office workers. Work 2023; 76:1501-1508. [PMID: 37393474 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early self-assessment for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is crucial in preventing severe symptoms and long-term consequences. Accessible tools are necessary for proactive management. OBJECTIVE To validate the OfficeCheck web application as a screening tool to classify office workers as capable of self-management for specific symptoms of WMSDs or requiring professional consultation. METHODS This study was conducted to determine the criterion-related validity of OfficeCheck using physical therapy assessment as the reference standard. In total, 223 office workers who work with a computer more than two hours a day with or without symptoms of WMSDs participated in this study. All of them were classified by self-assessment on the OfficeCheck process flow (Kappa = 0.841) and physical therapy assessment, respectively. For statistical analysis, classification numbers were calculated for sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS A total of 223 workers with a mean age of 38.9±9.0 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.3±5.2 kg/m2 were illustrated. The most common areas of complaint were neck/upper back and lower back/hip. The results indicated that OfficeCheck had high sensitivity (95.1%), low specificity (42.0%), low PPV (38.0%), and high NPV (95.8%). The FPR was 58.0% and the FNR was 4.9%. CONCLUSION OfficeCheck was found to have high sensitivity to classify office workers as capable of self-management for specific symptoms of WMSDs or requiring professional consultation. The use of OfficeCheck is thus recommended for self-detection and management to stop the consequences of WMSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mekhora Keerin
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pooliam Julaporn
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, NakhonPathom, Thailand
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Occupational Health: Physical Activity, Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Quality of Life in Computer Workers: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122457. [PMID: 36553981 PMCID: PMC9778108 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer work has assumed a very important role for many companies, but specific occupational and health symptoms associated with the use of computers can appear. According to the literature, physical activity is considered a key player in the prevention and control of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms, contributing to a better quality of life in computer workers. The principal aims of this review are to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship among sedentary behavior, physical activity and quality of life of computer workers; to outline the importance of promoting the development of an educational program for Occupational Health directed at computer workers at the level of quality of life, musculoskeletal symptoms, and physical activity; and to call for attention to the factors needed to initiate and maintain a health program that involves the active participation of workers who must be concerned about their health. This review demonstrates the important role of workplaces in health promotion and the opportunities that workplaces provide to establish and continue successful health-promotion programs for computer workers, generating important benefits for the health and quality of life of individuals and groups.
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Iram H, Kashif M, Sattar M, Bhatti ZM, Dustgir A, Mehdi Z. Ergonomic risk factors among computer office workers for complaints of arm, neck and shoulder and workstation evaluation. Work 2022; 73:321-326. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-211029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested an association between computer work and the development of musculoskeletal disorders. However, studies examining the workplace ergonomics assessment of computer offices are scarce in the Pakistani population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of ergonomic risk factors in the office using the Rapid Assessment Office Strain (ROSA) method for complaints of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS) among office computer workers. METHODS: From January to August 2019, a cross-sectional study was carried out among office workers who worked at least three hours on computers in their daily work. The prevalence of CANS was measured by using the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) and work station evaluation was done by using Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA). Data were collected from 773 computer workers, of whom 443 (56%) worked in the information technology sector, 215 (28%) in industry and 124 (16%) in universities. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis. RESULTS: Out of 773 computer workers, 448 (58%) reported musculoskeletal pain and the most prevalent were shoulder pain (327, 42%) and neck pain (270, 35%). The mean scores of ROSA sections A, B, C and D were 4.00±0.82, 2.98±0.72, 3.49±0.67 and 3.61±0.72 respectively. The mean ROSA total score in 773 office computer workers was 4.19±0.78, which indicates a low risk of musculoskeletal complaints. There was significant association was found between ROSA section A and shoulder pain (P = 0.043), ROSA section C with complaints of lower arm (P = 0.013), wrist (P = 0.016), and hand pain (P = 0.005), ROSA section D with lower arm (P = 0.002), wrist (P = 0.004) and hand complaints (P = 0.002). A significant association was found between ROSA total score and complaints of shoulder and hand, with p values of 0.012 and 0.006, respectively. CONCLUSION: CANS are prevalent among computer office workers, and there is a significant relationship between CANS and workstation ergonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Iram
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maha Sattar
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mehmood Bhatti
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Atif Dustgir
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Mehdi
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
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Moradi Z, Tavafian SS, Kazemi SS. Educational intervention program based on health belief model and neck pain prevention behaviors in school teachers in Tehran. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1501. [PMID: 35931964 PMCID: PMC9356465 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders as one of the most common occupational health problems among the working population in both developed and developing countries is an important necessity and priority. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) to increase awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy in adopting neck health-promoting behaviors in school teachers. Methods The present study was a quasi-experimental of the randomized clinical trial that was conducted for 6 months (December 2020 to July 2021). Participants were 146 junior high school teachers were selected from 26 schools through random sampling and divided into two groups of intervention and control. The data collection instrument was the self-design questionnaire and was completed in three points of time (before, immediately, and 3 months after the intervention). The data were analyzed by software version 24 SPSS. Results The results showed that awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, and self-efficacy in adopting neck health-promoting behaviors in the intervention group increased in two points of time (immediately after the intervention and 3 months of follow-up) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Designing and implementing an educational intervention based on HBM could affect in adopting neck health-promoting behaviors among teachers. Trial registration IRCT20210301050542N1, 16/03/2021 first registration has been approved in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at (16/03/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Moradi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Somayeh Kazemi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Public Health, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Educational intervention for the prevention of occupational neck pain: protocol of randomized trial. Trials 2022; 23:275. [PMID: 35395778 PMCID: PMC8994325 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neck pain is one of the most common work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). It has important social and economic consequences such as reduced productivity due to absenteeism, leave, and early retirement and financial losses due to medical expenses for the workforce especially teachers. This study aims to evaluate whether a model-based social media intervention could change the high-risk behaviors that cause work-related neck pain among teachers. Methods This is a randomized controlled trial that will be done in three steps. The first stage is a qualitative study to obtain the items and areas of the researcher-made questionnaire based on the health belief model (HBM), the second stage is the psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire, and the third stage is designing and implementation of model-based educational intervention in social media context. The study population is teachers who working in junior high school in the 19th district of education minister in Tehran, Iran, which are randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group receives training packages on social media, and the control group does not receive any training. The educational intervention tries to improve the knowledge, attitude, skills, and self-efficacy in adopting neck pain prevention behaviors among teachers. The study will also assess whether the intervention can promote preventive neck pain behavior among teachers. Discussion Work-related neck pain can have a negative impact on teachers’ health. This study is an attempt to investigate the impact of developed interventions in promoting preventive behavior regarding work-related neck pain through social media context. Trial registration Iranian registry of Clinical Trial (IRCT) IRCT20210301050542N1. Registered on 16 March 2021 Ethics code: IR.MODARES.REC.1399.163
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Dutheil F, Charkhabi M, Ravoux H, Brousse G, Dewavrin S, Cornet T, Mondillon L, Han S, Pfabigan D, S Baker J, Mermillod M, Schmidt J, Moustafa F, Pereira B. Exploring the Link between Work Addiction Risk and Health-Related Outcomes Using Job-Demand-Control Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207594. [PMID: 33086543 PMCID: PMC7593928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the study: Work addiction risk is a growing public health concern with potential deleterious health-related outcomes. Perception of work (job demands and job control) may play a major role in provoking the risk of work addiction in employees. We aimed to explore the link between work addiction risk and health-related outcomes using the framework of job-demand-control model. Methods: Data were collected from 187 out of 1580 (11.8%) French workers who agreed to participate in a cross-sectional study using the WittyFit software online platform. The self-administered questionnaires were the Job Content Questionnaire by Karasek, the Work Addiction Risk Test, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and socio-demographics. Data Analysis: Statistical analyses were performed using the Stata software (version 13). Results: There were five times more workers with a high risk of work addiction among those with strong job demands than in those with low job demands (29.8% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.002). Addiction to work was not linked to job control (p = 0.77), nor with social support (p = 0.22). We demonstrated a high risk of work addiction in 2.6% of low-strain workers, in 15.0% of passive workers, in 28.9% of active workers, and in 33.3% of high-strain workers (p = 0.010). There were twice as many workers with a HAD-Depression score ≥11 compared with workers at low risk (41.5% vs. 17.7%, p = 0.009). Sleep quality was lower in workers with a high risk of work addiction compared with workers with a low risk of work addiction (44.0 ± 27.3 vs. 64.4 ± 26.8, p < 0.001). Workers with a high risk of work addiction exhibited greater stress at work (68.4 ± 23.2 vs. 47.5 ± 25.1) and lower well-being (69.7 ± 18.3 vs. 49.3 ± 23.0) compared with workers at low risk (p < 0.001). Conclusions: High job demands are strongly associated with the risk of work addiction. Work addiction risk is associated with greater depression and poor quality of sleep. Preventive strategies should benefit from identifying more vulnerable workers to work addiction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Witty Fit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Morteza Charkhabi
- Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Hortense Ravoux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Witty Fit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Psychology Department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Laurie Mondillon
- Psychology Department, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sihui Han
- Culture and Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Daniela Pfabigan
- Culture and Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Martial Mermillod
- Psychology Department, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jeannot Schmidt
- Emergency department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fares Moustafa
- Emergency department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Luger T, Maher CG, Rieger MA, Steinhilber B. Work-break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 7:CD012886. [PMID: 31334564 PMCID: PMC6646952 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012886.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a group of musculoskeletal disorders that comprise one of the most common disorders related to occupational sick leave worldwide. Musculoskeletal disorders accounted for 21% to 28% of work absenteeism days in 2017/2018 in the Netherlands, Germany and the UK. There are several interventions that may be effective in tackling the high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers, such as physical, cognitive and organisational interventions. In this review, we will focus on work breaks as a measure of primary prevention, which are a type of organisational intervention. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of different work-break schedules for preventing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers, when compared to conventional or alternate work-break schedules. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, to April/May 2019. In addition, we searched references of the included studies and of relevant literature reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of work-break interventions for preventing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders among workers. The studies were eligible for inclusion when intervening on work-break frequency, duration and/or type, compared to conventional or an alternate work-break intervention. We included only those studies in which the investigated population included healthy, adult workers, who were free of musculoskeletal complaints during study enrolment, without restrictions to sex or occupation. The primary outcomes were newly diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders, self-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue, and productivity or work performance. We considered workload changes as secondary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts for study eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted authors for additional study data where required. We performed meta-analyses, where possible, and we assessed the overall quality of the evidence for each outcome of each comparison using the five GRADE considerations. MAIN RESULTS We included six studies (373 workers), four parallel RCTs, one cross-over RCT, and one combined parallel plus cross-over RCT. At least 295 of the employees were female and at least 39 male; for the remaining 39 employees, the sex was not specified in the study trial. The studies investigated different work-break frequencies (five studies) and different work-break types (two studies). None of the studies investigated different work-break durations. We judged all studies to have a high risk of bias. The quality of the evidence for the primary outcomes of self-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort and fatigue was low; the quality of the evidence for the primary outcomes of productivity and work performance was very low. The studies were executed in Europe or Northern America, with none from low- to middle-income countries. One study could not be included in the data analyses, because no detailed results have been reported.Changes in the frequency of work breaksThere is low-quality evidence that additional work breaks may not have a considerable effect on musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue, when compared with no additional work breaks (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.08; 95% CI -0.35 to 0.18; three studies; 225 participants). Additional breaks may not have a positive effect on productivity or work performance, when compared with no additional work breaks (SMD -0.07; 95% CI -0.33 to 0.19; three studies; 225 participants; very low-quality evidence).We found low-quality evidence that additional work breaks may not have a considerable effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue (MD 1.80 on a 100-mm VAS scale; 95% CI -41.07 to 64.37; one study; 15 participants), when compared to work breaks as needed (i.e. microbreaks taken at own discretion). There is very low-quality evidence that additional work breaks may have a positive effect on productivity or work performance, when compared to work breaks as needed (MD 542.5 number of words typed per 3-hour recording session; 95% CI 177.22 to 907.78; one study; 15 participants).Additional higher frequency work breaks may not have a considerable effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue (MD 11.65 on a 100-mm VAS scale; 95% CI -41.07 to 64.37; one study; 10 participants; low-quality evidence), when compared to additional lower frequency work breaks. We found very low-quality evidence that additional higher frequency work breaks may not have a considerable effect on productivity or work performance (MD -83.00 number of words typed per 3-hour recording session; 95% CI -305.27 to 139.27; one study; 10 participants), when compared to additional lower frequency work breaks.Changes in the duration of work breaksNo trials were identified that assessed the effect of different durations of work breaks.Changes in the type of work breakWe found low-quality evidence that active breaks may not have a considerable positive effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort and fatigue (MD -0.17 on a 1-7 NRS scale; 95% CI -0.71 to 0.37; one study; 153 participants), when compared to passive work breaks.Relaxation work breaks may not have a considerable effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue, when compared to physical work breaks (MD 0.20 on a 1-7 NRS scale; 95% CI -0.43 to 0.82; one study; 97 participants; low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found low-quality evidence that different work-break frequencies may have no effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort and fatigue. For productivity and work performance, evidence was of very low-quality that different work-break frequencies may have a positive effect. For different types of break, there may be no effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort and fatigue according to low-quality evidence. Further high-quality studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of frequency, duration and type of work-break interventions among workers, if possible, with much higher sample sizes than the studies included in the current review. Furthermore, work-break interventions should be reconsidered, taking into account worker populations other than office workers, and taking into account the possibility of combining work-break intervention with other interventions such as ergonomic training or counselling, which may may possibly have an effect on musculoskeletal outcomes and work performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy Luger
- University of TübingenInstitute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services ResearchWilhelmstrasse 27TübingenGermany72074
| | - Christopher G Maher
- University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthLevel 10 North, King George V Building, Missenden Road, CamperdownSydneyNSWAustralia2050
| | - Monika A Rieger
- University of TübingenInstitute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services ResearchWilhelmstrasse 27TübingenGermany72074
| | - Benjamin Steinhilber
- University of TübingenInstitute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services ResearchWilhelmstrasse 27TübingenGermany72074
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Lee JW, Cho HG, Moon BY, Kim SY, Yu DS. Effects of prolonged continuous computer gaming on physical and ocular symptoms and binocular vision functions in young healthy individuals. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7050. [PMID: 31198647 PMCID: PMC6555390 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Addiction to computer gaming has become a social problem in Korea and elsewhere, and it has been enlisted as a mental health disorder by the World Health Organization. Most studies related to computer use and vision have individually assessed physical and ocular symptoms and binocular vision. Accordingly, the present study comprehensively assessed subjective physical and ocular symptoms and functions related to binocular vision after prolonged continuous computer gaming. This study aimed to investigate the effects of prolonged continuous computer gaming on physical and ocular health and visual functions in young healthy individuals. METHODS Fifty healthy college students (35 male/15 female), aged 19-35 years old, were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria were no binocular vision problems and no reported history of ocular disease. Participants played continuously for 4 h from 6:00 to 10:00 p.m. Physical and ocular symptoms and visual functions such as convergence, accommodation, phoria, and the blink rate were assessed before and after continuous computer gaming for 4 h. RESULTS Continuous computer gaming for 4 h resulted in convergence and accommodation disturbances and increased physical and ocular discomfort. Near phoria showed an exophoric shift, whereas distance phoria showed no change. Moreover, the accommodative and vergence facilities and blink rate were significantly decreased. All visual functions recovered to the baseline levels by the following morning. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that excessive and continuous computer gaming impairs visual functions and causes ocular and physical fatigue. Our findings further the understanding of the adverse effects of excessive computer use on physical and ocular health, and adequate breaks are necessary to reduce physical and visual discomfort during computer gaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Lee
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, South Korea
| | - Hyun Gug Cho
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Yeon Moon
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Yu
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
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Ravoux H, Pereira B, Brousse G, Dewavrin S, Cornet T, Mermillod M, Mondillon L, Vallet G, Moustafa F, Dutheil F. Work Addiction Test Questionnaire to Assess Workaholism: Validation of French Version. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e12. [PMID: 29439945 PMCID: PMC5829463 DOI: 10.2196/mental.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work addiction is a significant public health problem with a growing prevalence. The Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) is the gold standard questionnaire to detect workaholism. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to validate the French version of the WART. METHODS Questionnaires were proposed to voluntary French workers using the WittyFit software. There were no exclusion criteria. The questionnaire was administered anonymously for initial validity testing and readministered one week later for test-retest reliability. We also assessed the workers' sociodemographic characteristics, as well as other measurements for external validity, such as stress, well-being, and coaddictions to tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. Several psychometric properties of the French-WART were explored: acceptability, reliability (internal consistency [Cronbach alpha coefficient] and reproducibility [Lin concordance coefficient]), construct validity (correlation coefficients and principal component analysis), and external validity (correlation coefficients). RESULTS Among the 1580 workers using WittyFit, 187 (11.83%) agreed to complete the WART questionnaire. Of those, 128 completed the test-retest survey (68.4%). Acceptability found that all respondents had fully completed the questionnaire, with few floor or ceiling effects. Reliability was very good with a Cronbach alpha coefficient at .90 (internal consistency) and Lin concordance coefficient at .90 (95% CI .87-.94] with a difference on the retest of .04 (SD 4.9) (95% CI -9.6 to 9.7) (reproducibility). We identified three main dimensions (construct validity). Relationships between WART and stress and well-being confirmed its external validity. CONCLUSIONS The French version of the WART is a valid and reliable instrument to assess work addiction with satisfactory psychometric properties. Used in occupational medicine, this tool would allow the diagnosis of work addiction and can be easily implemented in current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Ravoux
- Service Santé Travail Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Équipe Stress physiologique et psychosocial, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Service de Biostatistique, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Service Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Neuro-Psycho-pharmacologie des systèmes dopaminergiques sous-corticaux, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Martial Mermillod
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Laurie Mondillon
- Équipe Stress physiologique et psychosocial, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Vallet
- Équipe Stress physiologique et psychosocial, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Farès Moustafa
- Service des Urgences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Service Santé Travail Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Équipe Stress physiologique et psychosocial, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Health, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dutheil F, Duclos M, Naughton G, Dewavrin S, Cornet T, Huguet P, Chatard JC, Pereira B. WittyFit-Live Your Work Differently: Study Protocol for a Workplace-Delivered Health Promotion. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e58. [PMID: 28408363 PMCID: PMC5408138 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity before retirement has a huge cost, burdening both public health and workplace finances. Multiple factors increase morbidity such as stress at work, sedentary behavior or low physical activity, and poor nutrition practices. Nowadays, the digital world offers infinite opportunities to interact with workers. The WittyFit software was designed to understand holistic issues of workers by promoting individualized behavior changes at the workplace. OBJECTIVE The shorter term feasibility objective is to demonstrate that effective use of WittyFit will increase well-being and improve health-related behaviors. The mid-term objective is to demonstrate that WittyFit improves economic data of the companies such as productivity and benefits. The ultimate objective is to increase life expectancy of workers. METHODS This is an exploratory interventional cohort study in an ecological situation. Three groups of participants will be purposefully sampled: employees, middle managers, and executive managers. Four levels of engagement are planned for employees: commencing with baseline health profiling from validated questionnaires; individualized feedback based on evidence-based medicine; support for behavioral change; and formal evaluation of changes in knowledge, practices, and health outcomes over time. Middle managers will also receive anonymous feedback on problems encountered by employees, and executive top managers will have indicators by division, location, department, age, seniority, gender and occupational position. Managers will be able to introduce specific initiatives in the workplace. WittyFit is based on two databases: behavioral data (WittyFit) and medical data (WittyFit Research). Statistical analyses will incorporate morbidity and well-being data. When a worker leaves a workplace, the company documents one of three major explanations: retirement, relocation to another company, or premature death. Therefore, WittyFit will have the ability to include mortality as an outcome. WittyFit will evolve with the waves of connected objects further increasing its data accuracy. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France. RESULTS WittyFit recruitment and enrollment started in January 2016. First publications are expected to be available at the beginning of 2017. CONCLUSIONS The name WittyFit came from Witty and Fitness. The concept of WittyFit reflects the concept of health from the World Health Organization: being spiritually and physically healthy. WittyFit is a health-monitoring, health-promoting tool that may improve the health of workers and health of companies. WittyFit will evolve with the waves of connected objects further increasing its data accuracy with objective measures. WittyFit may constitute a powerful epidemiological database. Finally, the WittyFit concept may extend healthy living into the general population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02596737; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02596737 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6pM5toQ7Y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Service Santé Travail Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, équipe Stress physiologique et psychosocial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martine Duclos
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Médecine du Sport, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Pascal Huguet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, équipe Stress physiologique et psychosocial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chatard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Physiologie de l'Exercice, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Equipe d'Accueil 7424, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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