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Zaccagnini M, West A, Khor E, Quach S, Nonoyama ML. Exploring knowledge gaps and research needs in respiratory therapy: a qualitative description study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY THERAPY : CJRT = REVUE CANADIENNE DE LA THERAPIE RESPIRATOIRE : RCTR 2024; 60:1-12. [PMID: 38188978 PMCID: PMC10769513 DOI: 10.29390/001c.91184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Respiratory therapists (RTs) are expected to stay updated on technology, treatments, research, and best practices to provide high-quality patient care. They must possess the skills to interpret, evaluate, and contribute to evidence-based practices. However, RTs often rely on research from other professions that may not fully address their specific needs, leading to insufficient guidance for their practice. Additionally, there has been no exploration of knowledge gaps and research needs from RTs' perspectives to enhance their practice and patient outcomes. The research questions guiding this study were: (i) what are the perceived practice-oriented knowledge gaps? and (ii) what are the necessary research priorities across the respiratory therapy profession according to experts in respiratory therapy? Methods A qualitative description study was conducted using semi-structured focus groups with 40 expert RTs from seven areas of practice across Canada. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results We identified four major themes relating to what these experts perceive as the practice-oriented gaps and necessary research priorities across the respiratory therapy profession: 1) system-level impact of RTs, 2) optimizing respiratory therapy practices, 3) scholarship on the respiratory therapy profession and 4) respiratory therapy education. Discussion The findings establish a fundamental understanding of the current gaps and the specific needs of RTs that require further investigation. Participants strongly emphasized the significance of research priorities that consider the breadth and depth of the respiratory therapy profession, which underscores the complex nature of respiratory therapy and its application in practice. Conclusion The unique insights garnered from this study highlight the knowledge gaps and research needs specific to RTs. These findings pave the way for further exploration, discourse, and research aimed at understanding the specific contributions and requirements of RTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zaccagnini
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy McGill University
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation
| | - Andrew West
- The Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists
| | | | - Shirley Quach
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences McMaster University
- Respiratory Therapy Department & Child Health Evaluative Sciences Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Mika L Nonoyama
- Respiratory Therapy Department & Child Health Evaluative Sciences Hospital for Sick Children
- Faculty of Health Sciences Ontario Tech University
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute & Department of Physical Therapy University of Toronto
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Fakolade A, Stone C, Bobbette N. Identifying Research Priorities to Promote the Well-Being of Family Caregivers of Canadians with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities: A Pilot Delphi Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7072. [PMID: 37998303 PMCID: PMC10671217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Current programming and resources aimed at supporting the well-being of family caregivers often fail to address considerations unique to those caring for people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDDs). As a result, many caregivers of people with IDD feel isolated, stressed, and burnt out. A targeted research agenda informed by key stakeholders is needed and would allow research teams to coordinate resources, talents, and efforts to progress family caregiver well-being research in this area quickly and effectively. To address this aim, this pilot study used a Delphi design based on 2 rounds of questionnaires. In round 1, 19 stakeholders (18 females, 1 male), including 12 family caregivers, 3 rehabilitation providers, 2 researchers, and 2 organizational representatives, identified broad areas for caregiver well-being research. After collating the responses from round 1, stakeholders were asked to rank whether each area was considered a research priority in round 2. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis. Eighteen stakeholders completed the round 2 survey (1 caregiver did not complete the round 2 survey), after which a consensus was reached. Stakeholders identified nine broad priorities, including system-level programs and services, models of care, health promotion, social inclusion, equity and diversity, capacity building, care planning along the lifespan, and balancing formal and natural community-based supports. Although preliminary in nature, the research priorities generated using an inclusive and systematic process may inform future efforts to promote the well-being of caregivers of Canadians with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolasade Fakolade
- Louise D. Acton Building, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, 31 George Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada (N.B.)
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Steward IP, Young ES, Dogra SA, Stamp E, Daly-Smith A, Siddique K, Morgan K, Crowther J, Hall J. How to develop young physical activity leaders? A Delphi study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286920. [PMID: 37773961 PMCID: PMC10540972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The International Society for Physical Activity and Health advocates for increased capability of the physical activity workforce as a key ingredient to a system-based approach. Young leader programmes are gaining traction globally as peers are a primary influence on young people and positive role models are important for increasing or maintaining physical activity. Yet, there is limited understanding of 'what works' for training young physical activity leaders. This study aims to develop a consensus on how to identify and support young people to become physical activity leaders. An iterative three-phased mixed methods Delphi consensus approach. A rapid review focused on the feasibility, acceptability and impact of existing young leader physical activity training (phase one); focus groups (n = 3) and interviews (n = 6) with 15 practitioners and young leaders to examine young physical activity leader training needs (phase two); and a three-round questionnaire process (phase three). Stakeholders (n = 43) from across the public, voluntary and education sectors, academics and young leaders completed all questionnaires. A consensus was reached for 75 statements related to: young leader traits prior to and following training, recruitment methods, training content, delivery format and context, relationships, incentives, and skill development. The Delphi process, combining insight from multi-sectoral stakeholders, identified a range of factors that underpin young leader training programmes. These factors should be applied to develop a curriculum and comprehensive training programme to provide young leaders with the required capability to be effective within their roles, and ultimately support an increase in physical activity amongst children and young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel P Steward
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma S Young
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Sufyan Abid Dogra
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Stamp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Daly-Smith
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kammy Siddique
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Morgan
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Crowther
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Hall
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
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Warraitch A, Bruce D, Lee M, Curran P, Khraisha Q, Hadfield K. Involving adolescents in the design, implementation, evaluation and dissemination of health research: an umbrella review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069695. [PMID: 37270189 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A lack of awareness on how to engage adolescents in research has been reported as one of the barriers to meaningful youth involvement in health research. Currently, available guidelines on youth involvement are limited in terms of the scope (e.g., focused on limited health research areas), content (e.g., include broad principles) and context (e.g., most guidelines are from high-income countries) for which the guidelines are applicable. To address this, we will develop a set of comprehensive guidelines based on consolidated evidence on youth involvement in health research. To inform these guidelines, we are first conducting an umbrella review to (1) summarise and synthesise findings from reviews on involving adolescents in health research, (2) consolidate the challenges experienced in youth involvement and the recommendations to mitigate these challenges, (3) identify best practices and (4) identify gaps and methodological weaknesses in the extant literature on involving adolescents in health research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will include review articles exploring adolescents' involvement in studies aiming to improve their physical or mental health. Databases to be searched include Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Epistemonikos and Health Systems Evidence. A grey literature search will be conducted in Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar and PROSPERO, supplemented by a handsearch of the reference lists of eligible reviews, relevant journals, websites of related organisations and input from experts. Data will be analysed using narrative synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required as we are not collecting participant data as part of this review. The findings of this umbrella review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, participatory workshops and academic conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021287467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Warraitch
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Delali Bruce
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maria Lee
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Curran
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Qusai Khraisha
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristin Hadfield
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ramke J, Silva JC, Gichangi M, Ravilla T, Burn H, Buchan JC, Welch V, Gilbert CE, Burton MJ. Cataract services for all: Strategies for equitable access from a global modified Delphi process. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000631. [PMID: 36962938 PMCID: PMC10021896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Vision loss from cataract is unequally distributed, and there is very little evidence on how to overcome this inequity. This project aimed to engage multiple stakeholder groups to identify and prioritise (1) delivery strategies that improve access to cataract services for under-served groups and (2) population groups to target with these strategies across world regions. We recruited panellists knowledgeable about cataract services from eight world regions to complete a two-round online modified Delphi process. In Round 1, panellists answered open-ended questions about strategies to improve access to screening and surgery for cataract, and which population groups to target with these strategies. In Round 2, panellists ranked the strategies and groups to arrive at the final lists regionally and globally. 183 people completed both rounds (46% women). In total, 22 distinct population groups were identified. At the global level the priority groups for improving access to cataract services were people in rural/remote areas, with low socioeconomic status and low social support. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa were the only regions in which panellists ranked women in the top 5 priority groups. Panellists identified 16 and 19 discreet strategies to improve access to screening and surgical services, respectively. These mostly addressed health system/supply side factors, including policy, human resources, financing and service delivery. We believe these results can serve eye health decision-makers, researchers and funders as a starting point for coordinated action to improve access to cataract services, particularly among population groups who have historically been left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramke
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juan Carlos Silva
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Helen Burn
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Buchan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Clare E. Gilbert
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Watson D, Mhlaba M, Molelekeng G, Chauke TA, Simao SC, Jenner S, Ware LJ, Barker M. How do we best engage young people in decision-making about their health? A scoping review of deliberative priority setting methods. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:17. [PMID: 36698119 PMCID: PMC9876416 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION International organisations have called to increase young people's involvement in healthcare and health policy development. We currently lack effective methods for facilitating meaningful engagement by young people in health-related decision-making. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify deliberative priority setting methods and explore the effectiveness of these in engaging young people in healthcare and health policy decision-making. METHODS Seven databases were searched systematically, using MeSH and free text terms, for articles published in English before July 2021 that described the use of deliberative priority setting methods for health decision-making with young people. All titles, abstracts and full-text papers were screened by a team of six independent reviewers between them. Data extraction followed the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines. The results are presented as a narrative synthesis, structured around four components for evaluating deliberative processes: 1) representation and inclusion of diverse participants, 2) the way the process is run including levels and timing of participant engagement, 3) the quality of the information provided to participants and 4) resulting outcomes and decisions. FINDINGS The search yielded 9 reviews and 21 studies. The more engaging deliberative priority setting tools involved young people-led committees, mixed methods for identifying and prioritising issues and digital data collection and communication tools. Long-term and frequent contact with young people to build trust underpinned the success of some of the tools, as did offering incentives for taking part and skills development using creative methods. The review also suggests that successful priority setting processes with young people involve consideration of power dynamics, since young people's decisions are likely to be made together with family members, health professionals and academics. DISCUSSION Young people's engagement in decision-making about their health is best achieved through investing time in building strong relationships and ensuring young people are appropriately rewarded for their time and contribution. If young people are to be instrumental in improving their health and architects of their own futures, decision-making processes need to respect young people's autonomy and agency. Our review suggests that methods of power-sharing with young people do exist but that they have yet to be adopted by organisations and global institutions setting global health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Watson
- Global Health Research Institute, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Mimi Mhlaba
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gontse Molelekeng
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thulani Andrew Chauke
- grid.412801.e0000 0004 0610 3238Department of Adult, College of Education, Community and Continuing Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sara Correia Simao
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah Jenner
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lisa J. Ware
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ,grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Barker
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Global Health Research Institute, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ,grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ,grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ,grid.430506.40000 0004 0465 4079NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Grattidge L, Purton T, Auckland S, Lees D, Mond J. Stakeholder insights into implementing a systems-based suicide prevention program in regional and rural tasmanian communities. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2323. [PMID: 36510183 PMCID: PMC9746171 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With emerging evidence indicating that systems-based approaches help optimise suicide prevention efforts, the National Suicide Prevention Trial sought to gather evidence on the appropriateness of these approaches to prevent suicide among at-risk populations, in regional and rural communities throughout Australia. The Tasmanian component of the Trial implemented the LifeSpan systems framework across three distinct rural areas with priority populations of men aged 40-64 and people 65 and over. The University of Tasmania's Centre for Rural Health undertook a local-level evaluation of the Trial. AIMS To explore key stakeholder perceptions of implementing a systems-based suicide prevention program in regional and rural communities in Tasmania, Australia. METHOD This study utilised qualitative methods to explore in depth, stakeholder perspectives. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 46 participants, comprising Trial Site Working Group members (n = 25), Tasmania's Primary Health Network employees (n = 7), and other key stakeholders (n = 14). Approximately half of participants had a lived experience of suicide. Data were thematically analysed using NVivo. RESULTS Key themes centred on factors impacting implementation of the Trial. These included how the Trial was established in Tasmania; Working Group governance structures and processes; communication and engagement processes; reaching priority population groups; the LifeSpan model and activity development; and the effectiveness, reach and sustainability of activities. DISCUSSION Communities were acutely aware of the need to address suicide in their communities, with the Trial providing resources and coordination needed for community engagement and action. Strict adherence to the Lifespan model was challenging at the community level, with planning and time needed to focus on strategies influencing whole or multiple systems, for example health system changes, means restriction. Perceived limitations around implementation concerned varied community buy-in and stakeholder engagement and involvement, with lack of role clarity cited as a barrier to implementation within Working Groups. Barriers delivering activities to priority population groups centred around socio-cultural and technological factors, literacy, and levels of public awareness. Working Groups preferred activities which build on available capital and resources and which meet the perceived needs within the whole community. Approaches sought to increase awareness of suicide and its prevention, relationships and partnerships, and the lived experience capacity in Working Groups and communities. CONCLUSION Stakeholder insights of implementing the National Suicide Prevention Trial in regional and rural Tasmanian from this study can help guide future community-based suicide prevention efforts, in similar geographic areas and with high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grattidge
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XCentre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1322, TAS 7250 Launceston, Australia
| | - Terry Purton
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XCentre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1322, TAS 7250 Launceston, Australia
| | - Stuart Auckland
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XCentre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1322, TAS 7250 Launceston, Australia
| | - David Lees
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XSchool of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Jonathan Mond
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XCentre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1322, TAS 7250 Launceston, Australia ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Forbes C, Morley N, Liabo K, Bjornstad G, Boult H, Ahmed S, Ciesla K, Vafai Y, Bridges S, Logan S, Berry V. Prioritising child health and maternity evidence-based interventions or service models: a stakeholder-driven process. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:764. [PMID: 35689231 PMCID: PMC9186012 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim A UK programme, led by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (https://www.nihr.ac.uk) and coordinated by Applied Research Collaborations (ARC), (https://www.nihr.ac.uk/explore-nihr/support/collaborating-in-applied-health-research.htm) aimed to identify and select evidence-based, implementation-ready service innovations for evaluation. The programme focused on seven areas of health provision. We report on a prioritisation process designed to identify and assess innovations in one of these areas: child and maternal health (CH&M). Methods We developed a three-stage, online, stakeholder driven process to 1) identify, 2) assess and prioritise and 3) select evidence-based interventions or service models, using crowdsourcing to identify projects and the APEASE criteria to assess and select projects. A brief evidence review was conducted for all initial suggestions to identify those with the largest evidence-base to take forward for ranking by stakeholders. Stakeholder workshops considered and ranked these suggestions using the APEASE criteria. We then conducted in-depth evidence reviews for the highest ranked suggestions. The Project Management Group and Advisory Board used these reviews and the APEASE criteria to select the final projects. Results We received 32 initial suggestions from a range of clinicians, practitioners and researchers. Fourteen of the most evidence-based suggestions were considered and ranked at four themed stakeholder workshops. Nine suggestions were ranked for further in-depth evidence review and a final four projects were selected for implementation evaluation using the APEASE criteria. These were: 1. Maternal Mental Health Services Multidisciplinary Teams 2. Early years tooth brushing programme 3. Trauma-focused CBT for young people in care and 4. Independent Domestic Violence Advisors in maternity settings. Feedback from participants suggested that having public representatives participating in all stakeholder meetings, rather than being consulted separately, focused discussions clearly on patient benefit rather than research aims. Conclusions The stakeholder-driven process achieved its aim of identifying, prioritising and assessing and selecting, evidence-based projects for wider implementation and evaluation. The concurrent process could be adapted by other researchers or policy makers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08110-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Forbes
- University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Naomi Morley
- University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Kristin Liabo
- University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Gretchen Bjornstad
- University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | | | | | - Kayley Ciesla
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Sally Bridges
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Stuart Logan
- University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Vashti Berry
- University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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Racine E, O Mahony L, Riordan F, Flynn G, Kearney PM, McHugh SM. What and how do different stakeholders contribute to intervention development? A mixed methods study. HRB Open Res 2022; 5:35. [PMID: 36895913 PMCID: PMC9989546 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13544.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: UK Medical Research Council guidelines recommend end-user involvement in intervention development. There is limited evidence on the contributions of different end-users to this process. The aim of this Study Within A Trial (SWAT) was to identify and compare contributions from two groups of end-users - people with diabetes' (PWD) and healthcare professionals' (HCPs), during consensus meetings to inform an intervention to improve retinopathy screening uptake. Methods: A mixed method, explanatory sequential design comprising a survey and three semi-structured consensus meetings was used. PWD were randomly assigned to a diabetes only or combined meeting. HCPs attended a HCP only or combined meeting, based on availability. In the survey, participants rated intervention proposals on acceptability and feasibility. Survey results informed the meeting topic guide. Transcripts were analysed deductively to compare feedback on intervention proposals, suggestions for new content, and contributions to the final intervention. Results: Overall, 13 PWD and 17 HCPs completed the survey, and 16 PWD and 15 HCPs attended meetings. For 31 of the 39 intervention proposals in the survey, there were differences (≥10%) between the proportion of HCPs and PWD who rated proposals as acceptable and/or feasible. End-user groups shared and unique concerns about proposals; both were concerned about informing but not scaring people when communicating risk, while concerns about resources were mostly unique to HCPs and concerns about privacy were mostly unique to PWD. Fewer suggestions for new intervention content from the combined meeting were integrated into the final intervention as they were not feasible for implementation in general practice. Participants contributed four new behaviour change techniques not present in the original proposals: goal setting (outcome), restructuring the physical environment, material incentive (behaviour) and punishment. Conclusions: Preferences for intervention content may differ across end-user groups, with feedback varying depending on whether end-users are involved simultaneously or separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Racine
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Lauren O Mahony
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Fiona Riordan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Flynn
- PPI Contributor, IDEAs Research Project, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Patricia M Kearney
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Sheena M McHugh
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
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Racine E, O Mahony L, Riordan F, Flynn G, Kearney PM, McHugh SM. What and how do different stakeholders contribute to intervention development? A mixed methods study. HRB Open Res 2022; 5:35. [PMID: 36895913 PMCID: PMC9989546 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13544.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: UK Medical Research Council guidelines recommend end-user involvement in intervention development. There is limited evidence on the contributions of different end-users to this process. The aim of this Study Within A Trial (SWAT) was to identify and compare contributions from two groups of end-users - people with diabetes' (PWD) and healthcare professionals' (HCPs), during consensus meetings to inform an intervention to improve retinopathy screening uptake. Methods: A mixed method, explanatory sequential design comprising a survey and three semi-structured consensus meetings was used. PWD were randomly assigned to a PWD only or combined meeting. HCPs attended a HCP only or combined meeting, based on availability. In the survey, participants rated intervention proposals on acceptability and feasibility. Survey results informed the meeting topic guide. Transcripts were analysed deductively to compare feedback on intervention proposals, suggestions for new content, and contributions to the final intervention. Results: Overall, 13 PWD and 17 HCPs completed the survey, and 16 PWD and 15 HCPs attended meetings. For 31 of the 39 intervention proposals in the survey, there were differences (≥10%) between the proportion of HCPs and PWD who rated proposals as acceptable and/or feasible. End-user groups shared and unique concerns about proposals; both were concerned about informing but not scaring people when communicating risk, while concerns about resources were mostly unique to HCPs and concerns about privacy were mostly unique to PWD. Fewer suggestions for new intervention content from the combined meeting were integrated into the final intervention as they were not feasible for implementation in general practice. Participants contributed four new behaviour change techniques not present in the original proposals: goal setting (outcome), restructuring the physical environment, material incentive (behaviour) and punishment. Conclusions: Preferences for intervention content may differ across end-user groups, with feedback varying depending on whether end-users are involved simultaneously or separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Racine
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Lauren O Mahony
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Fiona Riordan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Flynn
- PPI Contributor, IDEAs Research Project, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Patricia M Kearney
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Sheena M McHugh
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
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Fares J, Chung KSK, Abbasi A. Stakeholder theory and management: Understanding longitudinal collaboration networks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255658. [PMID: 34648505 PMCID: PMC8516199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the evolution of research collaboration networks in the ‘stakeholder theory and management’ (STM) discipline and identifies the longitudinal effect of co-authorship networks on research performance, i.e., research productivity and citation counts. Research articles totaling 6,127 records from 1989 to 2020 were harvested from the Web of Science Database and transformed into bibliometric data using Bibexcel, followed by applying social network analysis to compare and analyze scientific collaboration networks at the author, institution and country levels. This work maps the structure of these networks across three consecutive sub-periods (t1: 1989–1999; t2: 2000–2010; t3: 2011–2020) and explores the association between authors’ social network properties and their research performance. The results show that authors collaboration network was fragmented all through the periods, however, with an increase in the number and size of cliques. Similar results were observed in the institutional collaboration network but with less fragmentation between institutions reflected by the increase in network density as time passed. The international collaboration had evolved from an uncondensed, fragmented and highly centralized network, to a highly dense and less fragmented network in t3. Moreover, a positive association was reported between authors’ research performance and centrality and structural hole measures in t3 as opposed to ego-density, constraint and tie strength in t1. The findings can be used by policy makers to improve collaboration and develop research programs that can enhance several scientific fields. Central authors identified in the networks are better positioned to receive government funding, maximize research outputs and improve research community reputation. Viewed from a network’s perspective, scientists can understand how collaborative relationships influence research performance and consider where to invest their decision and choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fares
- Department of Management Studies, Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
| | - Kon Shing Kenneth Chung
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- School of Engineering and IT, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Canberra, Australia
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Okere NE, Lennox L, Urlings L, Ford N, Naniche D, Rinke de Wit TF, Hermans S, Gomez GB. Exploring Sustainability in the Era of Differentiated HIV Service Delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 87:1055-1071. [PMID: 33770063 PMCID: PMC8219088 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization recommends differentiated service delivery (DSD) to support resource-limited health systems in providing patient-centered HIV care. DSD offers alternative care models to clinic-based care for people living with HIV who are stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite good patient-related outcomes, there is limited evidence of their sustainability. Our review evaluated the reporting of sustainability indicators of DSD interventions conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies conducted between 2000 and 2019 assessing DSD interventions targeting HIV-positive individuals who are established in ART in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated them through a comprehensive sustainability framework of constructs categorized into 6 domains (intervention design, process, external environment, resources, organizational setting, and people involvement). We scored each construct 1, 2, or 3 for no, partial, or sufficient level of evidence, respectively. Interventions with a calculated sustainability score (overall and domain-specific) of >90% or domain-specific median score >2.7 were considered likely to be sustainable. RESULTS Overall scores ranged from 69% to 98%. Top scoring intervention types included adherence clubs (98%) and community ART groups (95%) which comprised more than half of interventions. The highest scoring domains were design (2.9) and organizational setting (2.8). The domains of resources (2.4) and people involvement (2.3) scored lowest revealing potential areas for improvement to support DSD sustainability. CONCLUSIONS With the right investment in stakeholder involvement and domestic funding, DSD models generally show potential for sustainability. Our results could guide informed decisions on which DSD intervention is likely to be sustainable per setting and highlight areas that could motivate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwanneka E. Okere
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Lennox
- Department of Primary Care and Public health, Imperial College, National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration, North West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Urlings
- Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathan Ford
- Department HIV, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Denise Naniche
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias F. Rinke de Wit
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Hermans
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabriela B. Gomez
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Health and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; and
- Department of Modelling, Epidemiology and Data Science, Currently, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon,France
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Anjali C, Olickal JJ, Arikrishnan K, Zunatha Banu A, Sahoo J, Kar SS, Lakshminarayanan S. Development and testing of Diabetes Complications Risk Educational Tool (DiREcT) for improving risk perception among patients with diabetes mellitus: a mixed method study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Rouncefield-Swales A, Harris J, Carter B, Bray L, Bewley T, Martin R. Children and young people's contributions to public involvement and engagement activities in health-related research: A scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252774. [PMID: 34106978 PMCID: PMC8189547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increasing interest in how children and young people can be involved in patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in health research. However, relatively little robust evidence exists about which children and young people are reported as being involved or excluded from PPIE; the methods reported as being used to involve them in PPIE; and the reasons presented for their involvement in PPIE and what happens as a result. We performed a scoping review to identify, synthesise and present what is known from the literature about patient and public involvement and engagement activities with children and young people in health related research. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searches in Scopus, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane and PsychInfo databases, and hand checking of reference lists and grey literature. An adapted version of the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP2) was used as a framework to collate the data. Two reviewers independently screened articles and decisions were consensually made. MAIN FINDINGS A total of 9805 references were identified (after duplicates were removed) through the literature search, of which 233 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Forty studies published between 2000 and 2019 were included in the review. The review reveals ambiguities in the quality of reporting of PPIE with children with clear reporting on demographics and health conditions. The review found that children and young people were commonly involved in multiple stages of research but there was also significant variation in the level at which children and young people were involved in PPIE. Evaluation of the impact of children and young people's involvement in PPIE was limited. CONCLUSIONS Consultation, engagement and participation can all offer children and young people worthwhile ways of contributing to research with the level, purpose and impact of involvement determined by the children and young people themselves. However, careful decisions need to be made to ensure that it is suited to the context, setting and focus so that the desired PPIE impacts are achieved. Improvements should be made to the evaluation and reporting of PPIE in research. This will help researchers and funders to better understand the benefits, challenges and impact of PPIE with children and young people on health research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Harris
- Faculty of Health, Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Bray
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Toni Bewley
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Martin
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
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O'Flaherty M, Lloyd-Williams F, Capewell S, Boland A, Maden M, Collins B, Bandosz P, Hyseni L, Kypridemos C. Modelling tool to support decision-making in the NHS Health Check programme: workshops, systematic review and co-production with users. Health Technol Assess 2021; 25:1-234. [PMID: 34076574 DOI: 10.3310/hta25350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local authorities in England commission the NHS Health Check programme to invite everyone aged 40-74 years without pre-existing conditions for risk assessment and eventual intervention, if needed. However, the programme's effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and equity impact remain uncertain. AIM To develop a validated open-access flexible web-based model that enables local commissioners to quantify the cost-effectiveness and potential for equitable population health gain of the NHS Health Check programme. OBJECTIVES The objectives were as follows: (1) co-produce with stakeholders the desirable features of the user-friendly model; (2) update the evidence base to support model and scenario development; (3) further develop our computational model to allow for developments and changes to the NHS Health Check programme and the diseases it addresses; (4) assess the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and equity of alternative strategies for implementation to illustrate the use of the tool; and (5) propose a sustainability and implementation plan to deploy our user-friendly computational model at the local level. DESIGN Co-production workshops surveying the best-performing local authorities and a systematic literature review of strategies to increase uptake of screening programmes informed model use and development. We then co-produced the workHORSE (working Health Outcomes Research Simulation Environment) model to estimate the health, economic and equity impact of different NHS Health Check programme implementations, using illustrative-use cases. SETTING Local authorities in England. PARTICIPANTS Stakeholders from local authorities, Public Health England, the NHS, the British Heart Foundation, academia and other organisations participated in the workshops. For the local authorities survey, we invited 16 of the best-performing local authorities in England. INTERVENTIONS The user interface allows users to vary key parameters that represent programme activities (i.e. invitation, uptake, prescriptions and referrals). Scenarios can be compared with each other. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Disease cases and case-years prevented or postponed, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, net monetary benefit and change in slope index of inequality. RESULTS The survey of best-performing local authorities revealed a diversity of effective approaches to maximise the coverage and uptake of NHS Health Check programme, with no distinct 'best buy'. The umbrella literature review identified a range of effective single interventions. However, these generally need to be combined to maximally improve uptake and health gains. A validated dynamic, stochastic microsimulation model, built on robust epidemiology, enabled service options analysis. Analyses of three contrasting illustrative cases estimated the health, economic and equity impact of optimising the Health Checks, and the added value of obtaining detailed local data. Optimising the programme in Liverpool can become cost-effective and equitable, but simply changing the invitation method will require other programme changes to improve its performance. Detailed data inputs can benefit local analysis. LIMITATIONS Although the approach is extremely flexible, it is complex and requires substantial amounts of data, alongside expertise to both maintain and run. CONCLUSIONS Our project showed that the workHORSE model could be used to estimate the health, economic and equity impact comprehensively at local authority level. It has the potential for further development as a commissioning tool and to stimulate broader discussions on the role of these tools in real-world decision-making. FUTURE WORK Future work should focus on improving user interactions with the model, modelling simulation standards, and adapting workHORSE for evaluation, design and implementation support. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42019132087. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 35. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin O'Flaherty
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Simon Capewell
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela Boland
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michelle Maden
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brendan Collins
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Piotr Bandosz
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lirije Hyseni
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris Kypridemos
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Foubister C, van Sluijs EMF, Vignoles A, Wilkinson P, Wilson ECF, Croxson CHD, Brown HE, Corder K. The school policy, social, and physical environment and change in adolescent physical activity: An exploratory analysis using the LASSO. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249328. [PMID: 33831061 PMCID: PMC8031174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the association between the school policy, social and physical environment and change in adolescent physical activity (PA) and explored how sex and socioeconomic status modified potential associations. METHODS Data from the GoActive study were used for these analyses. Participants were adolescents (n = 1765, mean age±SD 13.2±0.4y) from the East of England, UK. Change in longitudinal accelerometer assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was the outcome. School policy, social and physical environment features (n = 267) were exposures. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator variable selection method (LASSO) was used to determine exposures most relevant to the outcome. Exposures selected by the LASSO were added to a multiple linear regression model with estimates of change in min/day of MVPA per 1-unit change in each exposure reported. Post-hoc analyses, exploring associations between change in variables selected by the LASSO and change in MVPA, were undertaken to further explain findings. FINDINGS No school policy or physical environment features were selected by the LASSO as predictors of change in MVPA. The LASSO selected two school social environment variables (participants asking a friend to do physical activity; friend asking a participant to do physical activity) as potential predictors of change in MVPA but no significant associations were found in subsequent linear regression models for all participants (β [95%CI] -1.01 [-2.73;0.71] and 0.65 [-2.17;0.87] min/day respectively). In the post-hoc analyses, for every unit increase in change in participants asking a friend to do PA and change in a friend asking participants to do PA, an increase in MVPA of 2.78 (1.55;4.02) and 1.80 (0.48;3.11) min/day was predicted respectively. CONCLUSIONS The school social environment is associated with PA during adolescence. Further exploration of how friendships during adolescence may be leveraged to support effective PA promotion in schools is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell Foubister
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Esther M. F. van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Vignoles
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward C. F. Wilson
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. D. Croxson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Elizabeth Brown
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Corder
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Perceived Challenges and Online Harms from Social Media Use on a Severity Continuum: A Qualitative Psychological Stakeholder Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063227. [PMID: 33804723 PMCID: PMC8003875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that problematic use of gaming, the internet, and social media among adolescents is on the rise, affecting multiple psycho-emotional domains. However, research providing a comprehensive and triangulated stakeholder perspective of perceived harms is lacking. How are adolescent online harms experienced and conceptualized by students, parents, and teachers? The present study comprised part of a qualitative needs assessment investigation with the use of focus groups and individual interviews among key stakeholder groups assessing perceived impacts with a focus on the negative consequences and perceived harms. The study’s sample consisted of students (N = 42, Mage = 13.5, SD = 2.3), parents (N = 9, Mage = 37, SD = 5.6) and teachers (N = 9, Mage = 34, SD = 4.9) from the UK. Data were analysed with thematic analysis. Findings focused primarily on social media use impacts and indicated that processes underlying impacts experienced by adolescents may be conceptualized on a severity continuum. Stakeholder consensus on perceptions of challenges and perceived harms formed the second theme, with impacts further analysed as relating to time displacement, peer judgement, sensory overload and context of the adolescent with functional (performance, task switching, use of multiple devices), cognitive (loss or deterioration of attentional focus, attention deficit), and emotional consequences (stress, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive/checking behaviours). A third theme formed was individual vulnerabilities predisposing poor mental health outcomes. The final theme related to impacts dependent on context and meaning attached. Findings suggest a consideration of a spectrum approach encompassing a broader range of potential psychological challenges and perceived harms beyond safety concerns and addiction in understanding problematic adolescent online experiences. Understanding perceived harms can aid the objective setting of interventions and consideration of mental health literacy in school curricula.
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Kariippanon KE, Cliff DP, Ellis YG, Ucci M, Okely AD, Parrish AM. School Flexible Learning Spaces, Student Movement Behavior and Educational Outcomes among Adolescents: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:133-145. [PMID: 33368271 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve sustainability, we must consider scalable improvements in student movement behavior in the classroom setting, educational priorities. Flexible learning spaces that employ student-centered pedagogy and contain a range of furniture and layout options, implemented to improve educational outcomes, may enable unintended health benefits. In this review, we summarize the evidence on the effects of flexible learning spaces on adolescent student movement behaviors and educational outcomes. METHODS We searched 5 databases, retrieving 5 quantitative and one qualitative article meeting the review criteria. RESULTS Students in flexible learning spaces spent less time sitting, and more time standing and moving. Students were also more engaged, on-task, and collaborated and interacted more. Academic results for English, Mathematics and Humanities for those in flexible learning spaces were higher than peers in traditional classrooms. CONCLUSION Evidence from the reviewed studies suggests that there may be beneficial outcomes across some movement behaviors as well as learning outcomes in classrooms that employ student-centered pedagogy and use a built environment that facilitates autonomy and choice around where and how to learn. These learning environments present an opportunity for an interdisciplinary approach to address sedentary behavior in classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Kariippanon
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Yvonne G Ellis
- Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marcella Ucci
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Lloyd-Williams F, Hyseni L, Guzman-Castillo M, Kypridemos C, Collins B, Capewell S, Schwaller E, O'Flaherty M. Evaluating stakeholder involvement in building a decision support tool for NHS health checks: co-producing the WorkHORSE study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:182. [PMID: 32778087 PMCID: PMC7418313 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stakeholder engagement is being increasingly recognised as an important way to achieving impact in public health. The WorkHORSE (Working Health Outcomes Research Simulation Environment) project was designed to continuously engage with stakeholders to inform the development of an open access modelling tool to enable commissioners to quantify the potential cost-effectiveness and equity of the NHS Health Check Programme. An objective of the project was to evaluate the involvement of stakeholders in co-producing the WorkHORSE computer modelling tool and examine how they perceived their involvement in the model building process and ultimately contributed to the strengthening and relevance of the modelling tool. Methods We identified stakeholders using our extensive networks and snowballing techniques. Iterative development of the decision support modelling tool was informed through engaging with stakeholders during four workshops. We used detailed scripts facilitating open discussion and opportunities for stakeholders to provide additional feedback subsequently. At the end of each workshop, stakeholders and the research team completed questionnaires to explore their views and experiences throughout the process. Results 30 stakeholders participated, of which 15 attended two or more workshops. They spanned local (NHS commissioners, GPs, local authorities and academics), third sector and national organisations including Public Health England. Stakeholders felt valued, and commended the involvement of practitioners in the iterative process. Major reasons for attending included: being able to influence development, and having insight and understanding of what the tool could include, and how it would work in practice. Researchers saw the process as an opportunity for developing a common language and trust in the end product, and ensuring the support tool was transparent. The workshops acted as a reality check ensuring model scenarios and outputs were relevant and fit for purpose. Conclusions Computational modellers rarely consult with end users when developing tools to inform decision-making. The added value of co-production (continuing collaboration and iteration with stakeholders) enabled modellers to produce a “real-world” operational tool. Likewise, stakeholders had increased confidence in the decision support tool’s development and applicability in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ffion Lloyd-Williams
- Department of Public Health and Policy. Institute of Population Health Science, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Lirije Hyseni
- Department of Public Health and Policy. Institute of Population Health Science, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Maria Guzman-Castillo
- Department of Public Health and Policy. Institute of Population Health Science, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK.,Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chris Kypridemos
- Department of Public Health and Policy. Institute of Population Health Science, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Brendan Collins
- Department of Public Health and Policy. Institute of Population Health Science, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Simon Capewell
- Department of Public Health and Policy. Institute of Population Health Science, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Ellen Schwaller
- Department of Public Health and Policy. Institute of Population Health Science, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Martin O'Flaherty
- Department of Public Health and Policy. Institute of Population Health Science, University of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK.
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Li PP, Mackey G, Callender C, Dave JM, Olvera N, Alford S, Thompson D. Culinary Education Programs for Children in Low-Income Households: A Scoping Review. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7050047. [PMID: 32414003 PMCID: PMC7278796 DOI: 10.3390/children7050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Child obesity in the United States is at an all-time high, particularly among underserved populations. Home-cooked meals are associated with lower rates of obesity. Helping children develop culinary skills has been associated with improved nutrition. The purpose of this study is to report results from a scoping review of culinary education interventions with children from low-income families. Three databases and hand searches of relevant articles were examined. Retained articles met inclusionary criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, as appropriate. A data extraction template was developed. Data were independently extracted and verified. Only nine out of 370 articles met the inclusionary criteria and were included in the review. Most interventions were school-based, used a quasi-experimental design, and recruited minority children. Children-only was the primary intervention focus. Primary outcomes were mostly psychosocial from child self-report. Most interventions focused on children only and were guided by Social Cognitive Theory. Most reported stakeholder involvement; however, type and degree varied. All had an in-person component; only one used technology. Few reported training program leaders. Culinary education programs for children from low-income families could benefit from a broader theoretical grounding, program leader training, and greater parental involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla P. Li
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.P.L.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Guisela Mackey
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.P.L.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Chishinga Callender
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.P.L.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Jayna M. Dave
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.P.L.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Norma Olvera
- Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences Department, University of Houston, 3657 Cullen Boulevard Room 491, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Shana Alford
- Common Threads, 222 W. Merchandise Mart Plaza, Suite 1212, Chicago, IL 60654, USA;
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.P.L.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-798-7076
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Racine E, Riordan F, Phillip E, Flynn G, McHugh S, Kearney PM. 'It just wasn't going to be heard': A mixed methods study to compare different ways of involving people with diabetes and health-care professionals in health intervention research. Health Expect 2020; 23:870-883. [PMID: 32356592 PMCID: PMC7495083 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guidelines recommend involving intervention users in the intervention development process. However, there is limited guidance on how to involve users in a meaningful and effective way. Objective The aim of this Study within a trial was to compare participants’ experiences of taking part in one of three types of consensus meetings—people with diabetes‐only, combined people with diabetes and health‐care professionals (HCPs) or HCP‐only meeting. Design The study used a mixed methods convergent design. Quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (observation notes and semi‐structured telephone interviews) data were collected to explore participants’ experiences. A triangulation protocol was used to compare quantitative and qualitative findings. Participants People with diabetes (recruited via multiple strategies) were randomly assigned to attend the people with diabetes or combined meeting. HCPs (recruited through professional networks) attended the HCP or combined meeting based on their availability. Results Sixteen people with diabetes and 15 HCPs attended meetings, of whom 18 participated in a telephone interview. Participants’ questionnaire responses suggested similar positive experiences across the three meetings. Observation and semi‐structured interviews highlighted differences experienced by participants in the combined meeting relating to: perceived lack of common ground; feeling empowered versus undervalued; needing to feel safe and going off task to fill the void. Conclusions The qualitative theme ‘needing to feel safe’ may explain the dissonance (disagreement) between quantitative and qualitative data. In this study, involving patients and HCPs simultaneously in a consensus process was not found to be as suitable as involving each stakeholder group separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Racine
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Riordan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eunice Phillip
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Grainne Flynn
- Independent Patient and Public Involvement Partner, Co. Clare, Ireland
| | - Sheena McHugh
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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22
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Khayatzadeh-Mahani A, Wittevrongel K, Petermann L, Graham ID, Zwicker JD. Stakeholders' engagement in co-producing policy-relevant knowledge to facilitate employment for persons with developmental disabilities. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:39. [PMID: 32303228 PMCID: PMC7164207 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with developmental disabilities (PWDD) face a number of individual, environmental and societal barriers when seeking employment. Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) involves ongoing and dynamic interactions between researchers and stakeholders for the purpose of engaging in mutually beneficial research to address these types of multi-faceted barriers. There is a knowledge gap in the IKT literature on effective stakeholder engagement strategies outside of the dissemination stage to inform policy. In this paper, we report on a number of engagement strategies employed over a 2-year period to engage a wide range of stakeholders in different stages of an IKT project that aimed to investigate the 'wicked' problem of employment for PWDD. METHOD Our engagement plan included multiple linked strategies and was designed to ensure the meaningful engagement of, and knowledge co-production with, stakeholders. We held two participatory consensus-building stakeholder policy dialogue events to co-produce knowledge utilising the nominal group technique and the modified Delphi technique. A total of 31 and 49 stakeholders engaged in the first and second events, respectively, from six key stakeholder groups. Focused engagement strategies were employed to build on the stakeholder dialogues for knowledge mobilisation and included a focus group attended only by PWDD, a stakeholder workshop attended only by policy/decision-makers, a webinar attended by human resources professionals and employers, and a current affairs panel attended by the general public. RESULTS Our findings suggest that the level of engagement for each stakeholder group varies depending on the goal and need of the project. Our stakeholder dialogue findings highlight the inherent challenges in co-framing and knowledge co-production through the meaningful engagement of multiple stakeholders who hold different ideas and interests. Focused outreach is needed to foster relationships and trust for meaningful engagement. CONCLUSIONS In addition to providing guidance on how to implement adaptable meaningful engagement strategies, these findings contribute to discussions on how IKT projects are planned and funded. More studies to explore effective mechanisms for engaging a wide range of stakeholders in IKT research are needed. More evidence of successful engagement strategies employed by researchers to achieve meaningful knowledge co-production is also key to advancing the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Khayatzadeh-Mahani
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Downtown Campus, 906 8th Avenue S.W., 5th Floor, Calgary, Alberta T2P 1H9 Canada
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Krystle Wittevrongel
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Downtown Campus, 906 8th Avenue S.W., 5th Floor, Calgary, Alberta T2P 1H9 Canada
| | - Lisa Petermann
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ian D. Graham
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Zwicker
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Downtown Campus, 906 8th Avenue S.W., 5th Floor, Calgary, Alberta T2P 1H9 Canada
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Daly-Smith A, Quarmby T, Archbold VS, Routen AC, Morris JL, Gammon C, Bartholomew JB, Resaland GK, Llewellyn B, Allman R, Dorling H. Implementing physically active learning: Future directions for research, policy, and practice. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:41-49. [PMID: 31921479 PMCID: PMC6943765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify co-produced multi-stakeholder perspectives important for successful widespread physically active learning (PAL) adoption and implementation. METHODS A total of 35 stakeholders (policymakers n = 9; commercial education sector, n = 8; teachers, n = 3; researchers, n = 15) attended a design thinking PAL workshop. Participants formed 5 multi-disciplinary groups with at least 1 representative from each stakeholder group. Each group, facilitated by a researcher, undertook 2 tasks: (1) using Post-it Notes, the following question was answered: within the school day, what are the opportunities for learning combined with movement? and (2) structured as a washing-line task, the following question was answered: how can we establish PAL as the norm? All discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Inductive analyses were conducted by 4 authors. After the analyses were complete, the main themes and subthemes were assigned to 4 predetermined categories: (1) PAL design and implementation, (2) priorities for practice, (3) priorities for policy, and (4) priorities for research. RESULTS The following were the main themes for PAL implementation: opportunities for PAL within the school day, delivery environments, learning approaches, and the intensity of PAL. The main themes for the priorities for practice included teacher confidence and competence, resources to support delivery, and community of practice. The main themes for the policy for priorities included self-governance, the Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services, and Skill, policy investment in initial teacher training, and curriculum reform. The main themes for the research priorities included establishing a strong evidence base, school-based PAL implementation, and a whole-systems approach. CONCLUSION The present study is the first to identify PAL implementation factors using a combined multi-stakeholder perspective. To achieve wider PAL adoption and implementation, future interventions should be evidence based and address implementation factors at the classroom level (e.g., approaches and delivery environments), school level (e.g., communities of practice), and policy level (e.g., initial teacher training).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Daly-Smith
- School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS63QS, UK
| | - Thomas Quarmby
- School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS63QS, UK
| | | | - Ash C. Routen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, E15 2GZ, UK
| | - Jade L. Morris
- School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS63QS, UK
| | - Catherine Gammon
- School of Health Promotion and Human Performance, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
| | - John B. Bartholomew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Richard Allman
- School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS63QS, UK
| | - Henry Dorling
- School of Sport, Health and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0RT, UK
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Martinez J, Wong C, Piersol CV, Bieber DC, Perry BL, Leland NE. Stakeholder engagement in research: a scoping review of current evaluation methods. J Comp Eff Res 2019; 8:1327-1341. [PMID: 31736341 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2019-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Evaluating stakeholder engagement can capture what meaningful engagement in research entails, how it develops, and how it is experienced by all collaborators. We conducted a scoping review of recent approaches for evaluating engagement in research and present a descriptive overview of our findings. Methods: We searched peer-reviewed journal articles published worldwide in English between January 2013 and June 2018. Results: Our final sample consisted of 17 articles. Various approaches for evaluating stakeholder engagement were identified including qualitative approaches, surveys and engagement logs. Discussion & conclusion: We identified evaluation approaches that varied in quality, detail and methods. Valid, systematic and inclusive approaches that are developed with research partners and are inclusive of diverse perspectives are an important area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Martinez
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Carin Wong
- Mrs TH Chan Division of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Catherine Verrier Piersol
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Bonita L Perry
- Communication Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Natalie E Leland
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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25
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Kebbe M, Perez A, Buchholz A, McHugh TLF, Scott SD, Richard C, Dyson MP, Ball GDC. End-user perspectives to inform policy and program decisions: a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of lifestyle treatment recommendations by adolescents with obesity. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:418. [PMID: 31699060 PMCID: PMC6839254 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle modifications represent the first line of treatment in obesity management; however, many adolescents with obesity do not meet lifestyle recommendations. Given that adolescents are rarely consulted during health policy development and in the design of lifestyle interventions, their first-hand experiences, preferences, and priorities may not be represented. Accordingly, our purpose was to explore adolescents’ lifestyle treatment recommendations to inform policy and program decisions. Methods Conducted from July 2017 to January 2018, this study adhered to a qualitative, crosslanguage, patient-oriented design. We recruited 19 13–17-year-old adolescents (body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile) seeking multidisciplinary treatment for obesity in geographically and culturally diverse regions of Canada. Adolescents participated in one-on-one, in-person, semi-structured interviews in English or French. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, managed using NVivo 11, and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative content analysis by two independent researchers. Results Adolescents’ recommendations were organized into five categories, each of which denotes health as a collective responsibility: (i) establish parental support within limits, (ii) improve accessibility and availability of ‘healthy foods’, (iii) limit deceptive practices in food marketing, (iv) improve accessibility and availability of varied physical activity opportunities, and (v) delay school start times. Respect for individual autonomy and decision-making capacity were identified as particularly important, however these were confronted with adolescents’ partial knowledge on nutrition and food literacy. Conclusions Adolescents’ recommendations highlighted multi-level, multi-component factors that influenced their ability to lead healthy lifestyles. Uptake of these recommendations by policy-makers and program developers may be of added value for lifestyle treatment targeting adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kebbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Buchholz
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T-L F McHugh
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S D Scott
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M P Dyson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - G D C Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Gammon C, Morton K, Atkin A, Corder K, Daly-Smith A, Quarmby T, Suhrcke M, Turner D, van Sluijs E. Introducing physically active lessons in UK secondary schools: feasibility study and pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025080. [PMID: 31064805 PMCID: PMC6527971 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess feasibility, acceptability and costs of delivering a physically active lessons (PAL) training programme to secondary school teachers and explore preliminary effectiveness for reducing pupils' sedentary time. DESIGN AND SETTING Secondary schools in East England; one school participated in a pre-post feasibility study, two in a pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial. In the pilot trial, blinding to group assignment was not possible. PARTICIPANTS Across studies, 321 randomly selected students (51% male; mean age: 12.9 years), 78 teachers (35% male) and 2 assistant head teachers enrolled; 296 (92%) students, 69 (88%) teachers and 2 assistant head teachers completed the studies. INTERVENTION PAL training was delivered to teachers over two after-school sessions. Teachers were made aware of how to integrate movement into lessons; strategies included students collecting data from the environment for class activities and completing activities posted on classroom walls, instead of sitting at desks. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to assess feasibility and acceptability of PAL training and delivery. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and ~8 weeks post-training; measures included accelerometer-assessed activity, self-reported well-being and observations of time-on-task. Process evaluation was conducted at follow-up. RESULTS In the feasibility study, teachers reported good acceptability of PAL training and mixed experiences of delivering PAL. In the pilot study, teachers' acceptability of training was lower and teachers identified aspects of the training in need of review, including the outdoor PAL training and learning challenge of PAL strategies. In both studies, students and assistant head teachers reported good acceptability of the intervention. Preliminary effectiveness for reducing students' sedentary time was not demonstrated in either study. CONCLUSIONS No evidence of preliminary effectiveness on the primary outcome and mixed reports of teachers' acceptability of PAL training suggest the need to review the training. The results do not support continuation of research with the current intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN38409550.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie Morton
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Atkin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kirsten Corder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy Daly-Smith
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas Quarmby
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Marc Suhrcke
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
- Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, (LISER), Esch-sur-Alzette/Belval, Luxembourg
| | - David Turner
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Behzadifar M, Gorji HA, Rezapour A, Bragazzi NL. The hepatitis C infection in Iran: a policy analysis of agenda-setting using Kingdon's multiple streams framework. Health Res Policy Syst 2019; 17:30. [PMID: 30917837 PMCID: PMC6438031 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-019-0436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes a large number of deaths annually worldwide. Policies play an important role in regulating healthcare agendas and prioritising of health-related issues. Understanding these priorities is very important in health. The objective of this study was to investigate HCV-related issues and their influence on agenda-setting in Iran. Methods A qualitative design was used. Data were collected by carrying out a review of documents and interviews. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify documents related to HCV-related policies in Iran. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with both purposive and snowball sampling of 14 interviewees related to the HCV programme in Iran, including government officials, civil society, development partnership members and academicians. Documents and interview data were analysed manually and using MAXQDA Version 10 software. Kingdon’s multiple streams framework was used to guide data analysis. Results The factors which influenced HCV-related agenda-setting were lack of proper information of the HCV epidemiology before the 1990s, lack of diagnostic facilities, neighbouring countries with high HCV prevalence, the stigma of HCV, high prevalence in prisoners, international evidence and high costs generated by HCV. The factors related to policy were effective treatment methods, drug production inside Iran, Iran Hepatitis Network, support outside government group elites and academicians. The factors related to political will were international influence, changes in the government and parliament support. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that there are various national and international factors that play a role in shaping HCV-related policies. It seems that, if HCV is put into the agenda, it can be eliminated in Iran by 2030 by supporting and implementing appropriate programmes from decision- and policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Behzadifar
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Abolghasem Gorji
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Young TL, Janke MC, Sharpe C, Carthron D. Evaluating the feasibility of a community intergenerational physical activity intervention for kinship families: Professional stakeholders' perspectives. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2019; 72:136-144. [PMID: 30343223 PMCID: PMC6814303 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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van den Berg V, Vos EE, de Groot RHM, Singh AS, Chinapaw MJM. Untapped Resources: 10- to 13-Year-Old Primary Schoolchildren's Views on Additional Physical Activity in the School Setting: A Focus Group Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122713. [PMID: 30513783 PMCID: PMC6313416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Schools are considered ideal venues to promote physical activity (PA) in children. However, a knowledge gap exists on how to adequately integrate PA into the school day and in particular, on the preferences of children regarding additional PA in school. Therefore, the aim of our qualitative study was to gain comprehensive insight into 10⁻13-year-old primary schoolchildren's perspectives on how to increase PA in the school setting. We conducted nine focus groups (32 girls and 20 boys) with children attending the final two grades of primary school in the Netherlands. We used inductive thematic analysis to analyze the data. The results showed that children were enthusiastic about additional PA in school. Children suggested various ways to increase PA, including more time for PA in the existing curriculum, e.g., physical education (PE), recess, and occasional activities, such as field trips or sports days; school playground adaptation; improving the content of PE; and implementing short PA breaks and physically active academic lessons. Children emphasized variation and being given a voice in their PA participation as a prerequisite to keep PA enjoyable and interesting in the long term. Finally, children mentioned the role of the teacher and making efforts to accommodate all children and their different preferences as important. Children have concrete ideas, acknowledging the challenges that accompany integrating additional PA in school. We therefore recommend actively involving children in efforts to increase school-based PA and to make "additional PA in school" a shared project of teachers and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van den Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline E Vos
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- Welten Institute-Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism/Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Amika S Singh
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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A Partial Least Squares Path Model of Principals’ Performance in School Health Services Based on Spiritual Intelligence in Tabriz Female High Schools. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/intjsh.77217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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