1
|
Clinical and physical characteristics of thinness in adolescents: the HELENA study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1731-1742. [PMID: 36802024 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thinness in adolescence has not been studied as extensively as overweight or obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and health impacts of thinness in a European adolescent population. METHODS This study included 2711 adolescents (1479 girls, 1232 boys). Blood pressure, physical fitness, sedentary behaviors, physical activity (PA), and dietary intake were assessed. A medical questionnaire was used to report any associated diseases. A blood sample was collected in a subgroup of the population. Thinness and normal weight were identified using the IOTF scale. Thin adolescents were compared with adolescents of normal weight. RESULTS Two hundred and fourteen adolescents (7.9%) were classified as being thin; the prevalence rates were 8.6% in girls and 7.1% in boys. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in adolescents with thinness. The age at the first menstrual cycle was significantly later in thin female adolescents than in those with normal weight. Upper-body muscular strength measured in performance tests and time spent in light PA were significantly lower in thin adolescents. The Diet Quality Index was not significantly lower in thin adolescents, but the percentage of adolescents who skipped breakfast was higher in adolescents with a normal weight (27.7% vs 17.1%). Serum creatinine level and HOMA-insulin resistance were lower and vitamin B12 level was higher in thin adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Thinness affects a notable proportion of European adolescents with no physical adverse health consequences.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bravo-Saquicela DM, Sabag A, Rezende LFM, Rey-Lopez JP. Has the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Spain Plateaued? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5240. [PMID: 35564634 PMCID: PMC9105543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of excess body weight (overweight plus obesity) in children has risen during the last decades in many countries, but it is unclear whether it has reached a plateau in Spanish children. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis for the prevalence of excess body weight in children from Spain, comparing the trends between 1999 and 2010 and 2011 and 2021. Data were reported in a prior meta-analysis, plus an updated search using the Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE databases for data from January 2018 until December 2021. Thirteen representative studies were identified (34,813 children aged 2 to 13 years), with sample sizes averaging 2678 (range: 396-16,665). The prevalence of excess body weight in Spanish children aged 2 to 6 years increased from 23.3% (95% CI, 18.5% to 25.5%) during the period 1999-2010 to 39.9% (95% CI, 35.4% to 44.7%) during 2011-2021. In children aged 7 to 13 years, the prevalence of excess body weight increased from 32.3% (95% CI, 29.1-35.6%) during the period 1999-2010 to 35.3% (95% CI, 32.9-37.7%) during 2011-2021. The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Spain has substantially increased in the last decade. New food policies to address the childhood obesity epidemic are urgently required to reverse current trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Bravo-Saquicela
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), Manta 130217, Ecuador;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angelo Sabag
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Leandro F. M. Rezende
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-900, Brazil;
| | - Juan Pablo Rey-Lopez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Golubnitschaja O, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Biringer K, Büsselberg D, Podbielska H, Kunin AA, Evsevyeva ME, Shapira N, Paul F, Erb C, Dietrich DE, Felbel D, Karabatsiakis A, Bubnov R, Polivka J, Polivka J, Birkenbihl C, Fröhlich H, Hofmann-Apitius M, Kubatka P. Caution, "normal" BMI: health risks associated with potentially masked individual underweight-EPMA Position Paper 2021. EPMA J 2021; 12:243-264. [PMID: 34422142 PMCID: PMC8368050 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing interest in a healthy lifestyle raises questions about optimal body weight. Evidently, it should be clearly discriminated between the standardised "normal" body weight and individually optimal weight. To this end, the basic principle of personalised medicine "one size does not fit all" has to be applied. Contextually, "normal" but e.g. borderline body mass index might be optimal for one person but apparently suboptimal for another one strongly depending on the individual genetic predisposition, geographic origin, cultural and nutritional habits and relevant lifestyle parameters-all included into comprehensive individual patient profile. Even if only slightly deviant, both overweight and underweight are acknowledged risk factors for a shifted metabolism which, if being not optimised, may strongly contribute to the development and progression of severe pathologies. Development of innovative screening programmes is essential to promote population health by application of health risks assessment, individualised patient profiling and multi-parametric analysis, further used for cost-effective targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the person. The following healthcare areas are considered to be potentially strongly benefiting from the above proposed measures: suboptimal health conditions, sports medicine, stress overload and associated complications, planned pregnancies, periodontal health and dentistry, sleep medicine, eye health and disorders, inflammatory disorders, healing and pain management, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancers, psychiatric and neurologic disorders, stroke of known and unknown aetiology, improved individual and population outcomes under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19. In a long-term way, a significantly improved healthcare economy is one of benefits of the proposed paradigm shift from reactive to Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (PPPM/3PM). A tight collaboration between all stakeholders including scientific community, healthcare givers, patient organisations, policy-makers and educators is essential for the smooth implementation of 3PM concepts in daily practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Halina Podbielska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anatolij A. Kunin
- Departments of Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | | | - Niva Shapira
- Nutrition Department, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Centre, Experimental and Clinical Research Centre, Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carl Erb
- Private Institute of Applied Ophthalmology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef E. Dietrich
- European Depression Association, Brussels, Belgium
- AMEOS Clinical Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 31135 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Dieter Felbel
- Fachklinik Kinder und Jugendliche Psychiatrie, AMEOS Klinikum Hildesheim, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus für Pflege der FOM Hochschule Essen, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology II, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rostyslav Bubnov
- Ultrasound Department, Clinical Hospital “Pheophania”, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University and University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Colin Birkenbihl
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Centre for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Centre for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- UCB Biosciences GmbH, Alfred-Nobel Str. 10, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Centre for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bertrand V, Tiburce L, Sabatier T, Dufour D, Déchelotte P, Tavolacci MP. Estimated Prevalence and Care Pathway of Feeding and Eating Disorders in a French Pediatric Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062048. [PMID: 34203957 PMCID: PMC8232740 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) are mostly described in infants and adolescents but are less well-known in children. Information on the prevalence of FED in the general pediatric population is still limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and the care pathway of FED in a population aged 0-18 years old, using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 classification. Two physicians interviewed 401 families using a questionnaire including demographics, BMI, dietary behavior data, and age-appropriate screening tools. Qualitative and quantitative variables were compared using the Chi2 test and Student's t-test, respectively. After a headcount adjustment based on the French population by age group, the estimated prevalence rate was 3% [95%CI (1.7-5.1)] for Avoidant and Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), and 9.7% [95%CI (7.2-13.0)] for Unspecified FED (UFED), which included other restrictive and compulsive FED. The median age for ARFID was 4.8 years (0.8-9 years), and 7.5 years (0.6-17 years) for UFED. The interviews did not identify cases of anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, other specified FED, pica or rumination. Only 15.2% of children with an FED were receiving medical care. The development of validated pediatric screening tools, as well as the training of health professionals in children FED is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Bertrand
- Pediatric Unit, Le Havre Hospital, 76083 Le Havre, France;
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76031 Rouen, France; (P.D.); (M.-P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-011-232734195
| | - Lyvia Tiburce
- Pediatric Unit, Le Havre Hospital, 76083 Le Havre, France;
| | - Thibaut Sabatier
- Clinical Investigation Center 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 76031 Rouen, France;
| | - Damien Dufour
- Pediatric Emergency Care, Le Havre Hospital, 76083 Le Havre, France;
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76031 Rouen, France; (P.D.); (M.-P.T.)
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76031 Rouen, France; (P.D.); (M.-P.T.)
- Clinical Investigation Center 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 76031 Rouen, France;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun D, Liu H, Ouyang Y, Liu X, Xu Y. Serum Levels of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase During Stable and Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927771. [PMID: 33087693 PMCID: PMC7590526 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most important factors in the pathogenesis of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is oxidative stress. GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) has been regarded as a novel marker of oxidative stress over the last few years. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of GGT during stable and acute exacerbations of COPD at a single center. Material/Methods The research included 117 patients with AECOPD (acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), 107 patients with stable COPD, and 112 control subjects. Serum GGT, spirometry function, and other clinical parameters (anthropometric and biochemical measurements) were evaluated and compared among the subjects. Results Serum GGT was elevated in patients with stable COPD in comparison to the control subjects. Its level was inversely related to lung function. It was also significantly higher in AECOPD patients compared to stable COPD patients. We also found that a GGT level of 21.2 IU/L displays a reliable diagnostic prediction of COPD and that a GGT level of 26.5 IU/L can be applied to predict the exacerbation of COPD. Conclusions Our research demonstrates that serum GGT level is inversely associated with pulmonary function and may serve as a biomarker during the progression of COPD. The monitoring of GGT values can be applied to evaluating COPD and its exacerbation risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland).,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yao Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weight development between age 5 and 10 years and its associations with dietary patterns at age 5 in the ABCD cohort. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:427. [PMID: 32238152 PMCID: PMC7110614 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social inequalities in bodyweight start early in life and track into adulthood. Dietary patterns are an important determinant of weight development in children, towards both overweight and underweight. Therefore, we aimed to examine weight development between age 5 and 10 years by ethnicity, SES and thereafter by BMI category at age 5, to explore its association with dietary patterns at age 5. METHODS Participants were 1765 children from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort that had valid data on BMI at age 5 and 10 and diet at age 5. Linear mixed model analysis was used to examine weight development between age 5 and 10 years and to assess if four previously identified dietary patterns at age 5 (snacking, full-fat, meat and healthy) were associated with weight development. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders, stratified by ethnicity and SES and thereafter stratified per BMI category at age 5. RESULTS Overall, weight decreased in Dutch and high SES children and increased in non-Dutch and low/middle SES children. Across the range of bodyweight categories at age 5, we observed a conversion to normal weight, which was stronger in Dutch and high SES children but less pronounced in non-Dutch and low/middle SES children. Overall, the observed associations between weight development and dietary patterns were mixed with some unexpected findings: a healthy dietary pattern was positively associated with weight development in most groups, regardless of ethnicity and SES (e.g. Dutch B 0.084, 95% CI 0.038;0.130 and high SES B 0.096, 95% CI 0.047;0.143) whereas the full-fat pattern was negatively associated with weight development (e.g. Dutch B -0.069, 95% CI -0.114;-0.024 and high SES B -0.072, 95% CI -0.119;-0.026). CONCLUSIONS We observed differential weight development per ethnic and SES group. Our results indicate that each ethnic and SES group follows its own path of weight development. Associations between dietary patterns and weight development showed some unexpected findings; follow-up research is needed to understand the association between dietary patterns and weight development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Garrido-Miguel M, Cavero-Redondo I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Three Problems in Meta-analysis of Prevalence of Obesity in European Children-Reply. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:389-390. [PMID: 32040142 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Centro de Estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Facultad de Enfermería de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Centro de Estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Centro de Estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Garrido-Miguel M, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Moreno LA, Ruiz JR, Ahrens W, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Prevalence and Trends of Overweight and Obesity in European Children From 1999 to 2016: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:e192430. [PMID: 31381031 PMCID: PMC6686782 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Studies of trends in excess weight among European children throughout the last few decades have rendered mixed results. Additionally, some studies were outdated, were based on self-reported weight and height, or included only a few European countries. OBJECTIVE To assess prevalence trends in measured overweight and obesity among children across Europe from 1999 to 2016 using a systematic methodology. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from their inception until May 2018. Moreover, searches were conducted on health institutions' websites to identify studies not published in scientific journals. STUDY SELECTION The inclusion criteria were: (1) studies reporting the population-based prevalence of excess weight (overweight plus obesity) or obesity according to body mass index cutoffs proposed by the International Obesity Task Force; (2) cross-sectional or follow-up studies; and (3) studies including populations aged 2 to 13 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Literature review and data extraction followed established guidelines. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to compute the pooled prevalence estimates and their 95% CI whenever there was no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 < 50%); otherwise, the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used. Subgroup analyses by study year, country, or European region (Atlantic, Iberian, Central, and Mediterranean) were conducted. Prevalence estimates were calculated as an aggregate mean, weighted by the sample size and the number of individuals in each study. RESULTS A total of 103 studies (477 620 children aged 2 to 13 years) with data from 28 countries were included. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Iberian region tended to decrease from 30.3% (95% CI, 28.3%-32.3%) to 25.6% (95% CI, 19.7%-31.4%) but tended to increase in the Mediterranean region from 22.9% (95% CI, 17.9%-27.9%) to 25.0% (95% CI, 14.5%-35.5%). No substantial changes were observed in Atlantic Europe or Central Europe, where the overweight and obesity prevalence changed from 18.3% (95% CI, 14.0%-23.9%) to 19.3% (95% CI, 17.7%-20.9%) and from 15.8% (95% CI, 13.4%-18.5%) to 15.3% (95% CI, 11.6%-20.3%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is very high, but trends have stabilized in most European countries. There are substantial between-country differences in the current levels and trends of overweight and obesity. The rising prevalence in some Mediterranean countries is worrisome. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO identifier: CRD42017056924.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain,CIBERESP and IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Promoting Fitness And Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nikolaidis PT, Kintziou E, Georgoudis G, Afonso J, Vancini RL, Knechtle B. The Effect of Body Mass Index on Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to Graded Exercise Testing in Children: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:E103. [PMID: 30241337 PMCID: PMC6316372 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the beneficial role of exercise for health is widely recognized, it is not clear to what extent the acute physiological responses (e.g., heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO₂)) to a graded exercise test are influenced by nutritional status (i.e., overweight vs. normal-weight). Therefore, the main objectives of the present narrative review were to examine the effect of nutritional status on acute HR, and VO₂ responses of children to exercise testing. For this purpose, we examined existing literature using PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines. Compared with their normal-body mass index (BMI) peers, a trend of higher HRrest, higher HR during submaximal exercise testing, and lower HRmax was observed among overweight and obese children (according to BMI). Independent from exercise mode (walking, running, cycling, or stepping), exercise testing was metabolically more demanding (i.e., higher VO₂) for obese and overweight children than for their normal-weight peers. Considering these cardiometabolic differences according to BMI in children might help exercise specialists to evaluate the outcome of a graded exercise test (GXT) (e.g., VO2max, HRmax) and to prescribe optimal exercise intensity in the context of development of exercise programs for the management of body mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Kintziou
- School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece.
| | | | - José Afonso
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rodrigo L Vancini
- Center of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 9001 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schienkiewitz A, Damerow S, Rosario AS. Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Germany. KiGGS Wave 2 results according to international reference systems. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2018; 3:56-69. [PMID: 35586804 PMCID: PMC8848779 DOI: 10.17886/rki-gbe-2018-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In Germany, the reference system according to Kromeyer-Hauschild is usually used to define underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. International classification systems to describe prevalence are the reference systems of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). This article reports underweight, overweight and obesity prevalences among children and adolescents according to WHO and IOTF criteria using data from the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2, 2014-2017). According to the WHO reference system, the prevalence of underweight among 5- to 17-year-olds is 1.6%, the prevalence of overweight is 26.3% (including obesity) and the prevalence of obesity is 8.8%. According to IOTF, the prevalence of underweight among 3- to 17-year-olds is 10.0%. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) is 19.3% and the prevalence of obesity is 4.7%. From a public health point of view, underweight as an indicator of malnutrition plays a rather minor role in Germany. The prevalence of overweight according to WHO is three quarters higher and one quarter higher according to IOTF than the national reference. When comparing the international reference systems, the WHO prevalence is one third higher than IOTF prevalence. According to national and international reference systems, no further increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity is observed, but the prevalence remain at a high level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schienkiewitz
- Corresponding author Dr Anja Schienkiewitz, Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, General-Pape-Str. 62–66, D-12101 Berlin, Germany, E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bielorai B, Pinhas-Hamiel O. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Its Components in Adult Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations. Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:32. [PMID: 29671081 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-0998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A growing number of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survivors reach adulthood and face long-term health-related problems. We review risk factors and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of obesity-related comorbidities, including abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose metabolism, and type 2 diabetes in ALL and HSCT survivors. RECENT FINDINGS Components of the MetS are already detected during the first year of ALL maintenance therapy and significantly worsen over time. The prevalence of MetS increases at a faster rate in this setting than in the general population. Factors found to be of the greatest potential risk to the development of the MetS are central obesity, increased BMI, irradiation therapy, older age, poor diet, and low level of physical activity. The early onset of MetS and its components among ALL and HSCT survivors calls for early and continuous screening to identify those at risk and to implement preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bella Bielorai
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and BMT, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|