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Saigh J, Roche L, Longacre ML. Doula Services and Birth Outcomes: A Scoping Review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2024; 49:101-106. [PMID: 38403908 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doulas offer support and advice to some women during the childbirth process, however access to doula care is not available to all due to availability and cost. METHODS This scoping review synthesizes literature related to the use of doula services and the experiences and outcomes of those who used the services. Eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed studies conducted in the United States and published between 2010 and 2022 that specified use of doulas and assessed maternal experiences and outcomes. Articles were accessed through PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycInfo. RESULTS Nineteen articles met the criteria and were included in the review. Findings across eligible articles included qualitative analyses related to psychosocial aspects of experience and quantitative findings on birth experience, complications, breastfeeding initiation, and emotional health. DISCUSSION Findings suggest having doula support can improve experiences and outcomes. However, further implementation and evaluation is needed as well as greater access to doula services among the childbearing population who are historically marginalized and minoritized.
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Spatz ES, Roy B, Riley C, Witters D, Herrin J. Association of Population Well-Being With Cardiovascular Outcomes. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2321740. [PMID: 37405774 PMCID: PMC10323707 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) varies across communities and is associated with known structural and population health factors. Still, a population's well-being, including sense of purpose, social relationships, financial security, and relationship to community, may be an important target to improve cardiovascular health. Objective To examine the association of population level measures of well-being with rates of CVD mortality in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study linked data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index (WBI) survey to county-level rates of CVD mortality from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke. Participants were respondents of the WBI survey, which was conducted by Gallup with randomly selected adults aged 18 years or older from 2015 to 2017. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to May 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the county-level rate of total CVD mortality; secondary outcomes were mortality rates for stroke, heart failure, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and total heart disease. The association of population well-being (measured using a modified version of the WBI) with CVD mortality was assessed, and an analysis of whether the association was modified by county structural factors (Area Deprivation Index [ADI], income inequality, and urbanicity) and population health factors (percentages of the adult population who had hypertension, diabetes, or obesity; were currently smoking; and were physically inactive) was conducted. Population WBI and its ability to mediate the association of structural factors associated with CVD using structural equation models was also assessed. Results Well-being surveys were completed by 514 971 individuals (mean [SD] age 54.0 [19.2] years; 251 691 [48.9%] women; 379 521 [76.0%] White respondents) living in 3228 counties. Mortality rates for CVD decreased from a mean of 499.7 (range, 174.2-974.7) deaths per 100 000 persons in counties with the lowest quintile of population well-being to 438.6 (range, 110.1-850.4) deaths per 100 000 persons in counties with the highest quintile of population well-being. Secondary outcomes showed similar patterns. In the unadjusted model, the effect size (SE) of WBI on CVD mortality was -15.5 (1.5; P < .001), or a decrease of 15 deaths per 100 000 persons for each 1-point increase of population well-being. After adjusting for structural factors and structural plus population health factors, the association was attenuated but still significant, with an effect size (SE) of -7.3 (1.6; P < .001); for each 1-point increase in well-being, the total cardiovascular death rate decreased by 7.3 deaths per 100 000 persons. Secondary outcomes showed similar patterns, with mortality due to coronary heart disease and heart failure being significant in fully adjusted models. In mediation analyses, associations of income inequality and ADI with CVD mortality were all partly mediated by the modified population WBI. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study assessing the association of well-being and cardiovascular outcomes, higher well-being, a measurable, modifiable, and meaningful outcome, was associated with lower CVD mortality, even after controlling for structural and cardiovascular-related population health factors, indicating that well-being may be a focus for advancing cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Spatz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale University/Yale New Haven Health Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brita Roy
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carley Riley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dan Witters
- Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jeph Herrin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Das A, Trivedi MM, Bellingham-Young DA. Food environment index and preterm birth rate in the counties of the United States. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023; 16:491-500. [PMID: 37718862 DOI: 10.3233/npm-221180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between Food Environment Index (FEI) and Preterm Birth (PTB) rate at the county level of the United States of America (USA) (primary), while evaluating the interaction of multiple factors within a framework of sociodemographic, maternal health, maternal behavioral, and environmental factors. METHODS This is a population-based retrospective cohort ecological study from 2015-2018. The study compares the characteristics of the population of the counties of the USA. All counties with complete data on their PTB rate and the independent variables were included in the study. Independent variables with greater than 20% missing data were excluded from the study. Purposive sampling technique was applied. A total of 2983/3142 counties were included in the study. RESULTS The median PTB rate of all counties was 9.90%. The highest PTB rate (23.3%) was in Tallapoosa County, Alabama and the lowest (3.4%) in San Juan County, Washington State. After adjusting for variables, PTB rate had a significant association with FEI (coefficient of correlation - 0.36, p < 0.01, 95% CI - 0.19 to - 0.04). Increase in the rate of unemployment, African American race, adult smoking, obesity, uninsured rate, sexually transmitted diseases (STD), high school education and air pollution was associated with an increase in PTB rate, while an increase in FEI and alcohol abuse rates was associated with a decrease in PTB rate. CONCLUSIONS FEI can predict the PTB rate in USA counties after adjusting for sociodemographic, health, behavioral and environmental factors. Future studies are needed to confirm these associations and consider them when making policies to reduce PTBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M M Trivedi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Riley C, Roy B, Lam V, Lawson K, Nakano L, Sun J, Contreras E, Hamar B, Herrin J. Can a collective-impact initiative improve well-being in three US communities? Findings from a prospective repeated cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048378. [PMID: 34937711 PMCID: PMC8704973 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Communities are seeking to learn if and how they can improve the well-being of their residents. We therefore examined the impact of a community-led, collective-impact initiative, deployed through Blue Zones Project by Sharecare, aimed at improving health and well-being in one set of US communities. METHODS We used data from cross-sectional surveys of the Well-Being Index (2010-2017) to assess how the Life Evaluation Index (LEI) in Hermosa Beach, Manhattan Beach and Redondo Beach in California (Beach Cities) changed over time and how this change compares with change for similar cities (Beach Cities-like) and for the USA as a whole. We examined types of interventions, perceived impacts, and relationships between intervention type and change in LEI. RESULTS The Beach Cities experienced greater increases in LEI than Beach Cities-like communities and the nation. The entire portfolio of interventions was positively associated with change in LEI in the Beach Cities (+1.12, p=0.012), with process-oriented interventions most closely associated with improvement. CONCLUSIONS Community-led collective action that leverages community engagement and activation, strategic use of programming and large-scale built-environment and policy change can improve health and well-being at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Riley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brita Roy
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Veronica Lam
- Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kerianne Lawson
- Beach Cities Health District, Redondo Beach, California, USA
| | - Lauren Nakano
- Beach Cities Health District, Redondo Beach, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline Sun
- Beach Cities Health District, Redondo Beach, California, USA
| | | | | | - Jeph Herrin
- Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Riley C, Herrin J, Lam V, Hamar B, Witters D, Liu D, Krumholz HM, Roy B. Trends and geographical variation in population thriving, struggling and suffering across the USA, 2008-2017: a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043375. [PMID: 34261676 PMCID: PMC8281074 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Well-being is a holistic, positively framed conception of health, integrating physical, emotional, social, financial, community and spiritual aspects of life. High well-being is an intrinsically worthy goal for individuals, communities and nations. Multiple measures of well-being exist, yet we lack information to identify benchmarks, geographical disparities and targets for intervention to improve population life evaluation in the USA. DESIGN Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index, we conducted retrospective analyses of a series of cross-sectional samples. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS We summarised select well-being outcomes nationally for each year, and by county (n=599) over two time periods, 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We report percentages of people thriving, struggling and suffering using the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, percentages reporting high or low current life satisfaction, percentages reporting high or low future life optimism, and changes in these percentages over time. RESULTS Nationally, the percentage of people that report thriving increased from 48.9% in 2008 to 56.3% in 2017 (p<0.05). The percentage suffering was not significantly different over time, ranging from 4.4% to 3.2%. In 2013-2017, counties with the highest life evaluation had a mean 63.6% thriving and 2.3% suffering while counties with the lowest life evaluation had a mean 49.5% thriving and 6.5% suffering, with counties experiencing up to 10% suffering, threefold the national average. Changes in county-level life evaluation also varied. While counties with the greatest improvements experienced 10%-15% increase in the absolute percentage thriving or 3%-5% decrease in absolute percentage suffering, most counties experienced no change and some experienced declines in life evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of the US population thriving increased from 2008 to 2017 while the percentage suffering remained unchanged. Marked geographical variation exists indicating priority areas for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Riley
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- The Institute for Integrative Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeph Herrin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Veronica Lam
- Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Dan Witters
- Gallup Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Diana Liu
- Gallup Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brita Roy
- The Institute for Integrative Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Gabrhelík R, Skurtveit S, Nechanská B, Handal M, Mahic M, Mravčík V. Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Eur Addict Res 2021; 27:97-106. [PMID: 32702698 DOI: 10.1159/000509048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited knowledge on the adverse outcomes in newborns after maternal methamphetamine (MA) use during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To compare neonatal outcomes in newborns exposed to MA with the newborns of opioid-exposed mothers and of mothers from the general population (GP). METHOD A cohort study using nationwide registries in Czechia (2000-2014). Women hospitalized with a main diagnosis of MA use disorder during pregnancy (n = 258) and their newborns were defined as MA-exposed. The comparison groups consisted of women (n = 199) diagnosed with opioid use disorder during pregnancy, defined as opioid-exposed, and women (n = 1,511,310) with no substance use disorder diagnosis (GP). The neonatal outcomes studied were growth parameters, gestational age, preterm birth, and Apgar score. To explore the associations between MA exposure and neonatal outcomes, regression coefficients (b) and odds ratios from multivariable linear and binary logistic regression were estimated. RESULTS MA-exposed women had similar socio-economic characteristics to opioid-exposed, both of which were worse than in the GP. After adjustment, MA exposure was associated with a more favourable birthweight when compared to the opioid-exposed (adjusted mean differences [aMD] b = 122.3 g, 95% CI: 26.0-218.5) and length (aMD b = 0.6 cm, 0.0-1.1). Unadjusted results from the comparison with the GP showed that the MA group had poorer neonatal outcomes, especially in the growth parameters. Adjustment for background characteristics had a profound effect on the comparison with the GP. After adjustment, MA exposure was associated only with a slightly reduced birthweight (aMD b = -63.0 g, -123.0 to -3.1) and birth length (aMD b = -0.3 cm, -0.6 to 0.0). CONCLUSIONS Although the observed negative outcomes were large in the MA-exposed newborns, the adjustment had a profound effect on the comparison with the GP, indicating the large influence of lifestyle and socio-economic factors in these high-risk pregnancies. MA-exposed newborns had better neonatal outcomes compared to opioids-exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Gabrhelík
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia, .,Department of Addictology, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia,
| | - Svetlana Skurtveit
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research at the University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Blanka Nechanská
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marte Handal
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milada Mahic
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktor Mravčík
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Addiction, Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
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Angell SY, McConnell MV, Anderson CA, Bibbins-Domingo K, Boyle DS, Capewell S, Ezzati M, de Ferranti S, Gaskin DJ, Goetzel RZ, Huffman MD, Jones M, Khan YM, Kim S, Kumanyika SK, McCray AT, Merritt RK, Milstein B, Mozaffarian D, Norris T, Roth GA, Sacco RL, Saucedo JF, Shay CM, Siedzik D, Saha S, Warner JJ. The American Heart Association 2030 Impact Goal: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e120-e138. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Each decade, the American Heart Association (AHA) develops an Impact Goal to guide its overall strategic direction and investments in its research, quality improvement, advocacy, and public health programs. Guided by the AHA’s new Mission Statement, to be a relentless force for a world of longer, healthier lives, the 2030 Impact Goal is anchored in an understanding that to achieve cardiovascular health for all, the AHA must include a broader vision of health and well-being and emphasize health equity. In the next decade, by 2030, the AHA will strive to equitably increase healthy life expectancy beyond current projections, with global and local collaborators, from 66 years of age to at least 68 years of age across the United States and from 64 years of age to at least 67 years of age worldwide. The AHA commits to developing additional targets for equity and well-being to accompany this overarching Impact Goal. To attain the 2030 Impact Goal, we recommend a thoughtful evaluation of interventions available to the public, patients, providers, healthcare delivery systems, communities, policy makers, and legislators. This presidential advisory summarizes the task force’s main considerations in determining the 2030 Impact Goal and the metrics to monitor progress. It describes the aspiration that these goals will be achieved by working with a diverse community of volunteers, patients, scientists, healthcare professionals, and partner organizations needed to ensure success.
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Roy B, Riley C, Herrin J, Spatz E, Hamar B, Kell KP, Rula EY, Krumholz H. Associations between community well-being and hospitalisation rates: results from a cross-sectional study within six US states. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030017. [PMID: 31780588 PMCID: PMC6886944 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between community well-being, a positively framed, multidimensional assessment of the health and quality of life of a geographic community, and hospitalisation rates. DESIGN Cross-sectional study SETTING: Zip codes within six US states (Florida, Iowa, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania and Utah) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Our primary outcome was age-adjusted, all-cause hospitalisation rates in 2010; secondary outcomes included potentially preventable disease-specific hospitalisation rates, including cardiovascular-related, respiratory-related and cancer-related admissions. Our main independent variable was the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (WBI) and its domains (life evaluation, emotional health, work environment, physical health, healthy behaviours and basic access). RESULTS Zip codes with the highest quintile of well-being had 223 fewer hospitalisations per 100 000 (100k) residents than zip codes with the lowest well-being. In our final model, adjusted for WBI respondent age, sex, race/ethnicity and income, and zip code number of hospital beds, primary care physician density, hospital density and admission rates for two low-variation conditions, a 1 SD increase in WBI was associated with 5 fewer admissions/100k (95% CI 4.0 to 5.8; p<0.001). Results were similar for cardiovascular-related and respiratory-related admissions, but no association remained for cancer-related hospitalisation after adjustment. Patterns were similar for each of the WBI domains and all-cause hospitalisations. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Community well-being is inversely associated with local hospitalisation rates. In addition to health and quality-of-life benefits, higher community well-being may also result in fewer unnecessary hospitalisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brita Roy
- Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carley Riley
- Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeph Herrin
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erica Spatz
- Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Harlan Krumholz
- Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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