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Chow CY, Hasan MZ, Kamil AA. Prevalence and Associated Factors Related to Tobacco Consumption Among University Students in Malaysia. Health Psychol Res 2024; 12:94232. [PMID: 38469105 PMCID: PMC10927316 DOI: 10.52965/001c.94232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco consumption is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Moreover, alternative tobacco and nicotine products (ATNPs) are growing in popularity, especially among young adults in the past decade. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors of tobacco consumption among university students. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 338 university students of a private Malaysian university from March to April 2021. Data was collected using a self-administered online questionnaire with items including sociodemographic information, user status of tobacco consumption and types of tobacco product used. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 to analyse the data. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in this study was 8.6% and the main tobacco product used was manufactured cigarettes. In Pearson's chi square test and Fisher's exact test, current use of tobacco was significantly associated with nationality, ethnicity, religion, school, current level of education and parents, siblings and friends use of tobacco (p<0.05). In simple and multiple logistic regression analysis, being non-Malaysian, Indian, Muslim, year 4 student and having parents or siblings who used tobacco, all had statistically significant associations with the current use of tobacco (p<0.05). Findings of this study showed that the use of tobacco among university students is concerning and warrants the need to develop and implement a strategic anti-tobacco program to limit this behaviour among university students.
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Zhou Q, Ke S, Yan Y, Guo Y, Liu Q. Serum uric acid is associated with chronic kidney disease in elderly Chinese patients with diabetes. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2238825. [PMID: 37488934 PMCID: PMC10599260 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2238825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been investigated extensively. However, studies on elderly individuals are still limited. Moreover, there is no consensus on whether hyperuricemia or elevated serum uric acid (SUA) within the normal range is correlated with the new onset of CKD and whether there are differences between males and females. METHODS We included 39039 elderly diabetic patients without CKD at baseline from a community-based cohort in Wuhan, China. The outcome event was the new onset of CKD (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Multivariate Cox models were used to assess the adjusted hazard ratio (HR). RESULTS During the 2-year follow-up period, 3162 (8.10%) patients with diabetes developed new-onset CKD. The optimal cutoff value of SUA for incident CKD was 347.4 μmol/L. The adjusted HRs of hyperuricemia for new-onset CKD were 1.925 (1.724-2.150) and 1.676 (1.520-1.848) for males and females, respectively. The risk of developing CKD increased across the Q4 group up to 2.242 times for their counterparts in the lowest SUA quartile, independent of age, sex, diabetes duration, obesity, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, drinking, dyslipidemia, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose. CONCLUSIONS Hyperuricemia is an independent predictor of incident CKD. Elevated SUA was linearly correlated with CKD in elderly patients with diabetes, showing a relatively higher intensity among males compared with that among females. The optimal cutoff value of SUA for the risk of new-onset CKD in elderly patients with diabetes was 347.4 μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Ke
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiong Yan
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Jarelnape AA, Ahmed W, Omer S, Fadlala A, Ali Z, Hassan M, Ahmed R, Hakami M, Ali M, Mohammed K, Sagiron E, Abdalla YH, Osman A, Abdelazeem E, Balola H. Prevalence of smoking cigarettes and beliefs regarding smoking habits among medical students: a cross-sectional study in Sudan. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1193475. [PMID: 37427282 PMCID: PMC10325783 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1193475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is a common problem in university students worldwide. Smoking is one of the most dangerous social phenomena and has a significant impact on public health. This study investigated the beliefs and attitudes of medical students toward smoking in Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Al Neelain University, Sudan, from March to June 2022 using a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of eight items on demographic characteristics and 13 on the beliefs and attitudes toward smoking. Other data included smoking status, smoking habits, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and smoking duration. Data analysis was performed descriptively, and chi-square test and logistic regression were conducted using SPSS version 24. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results A total of 336 students participated in this study, and the smoking prevalence was 48.8% (41.1% in men and 7.7% in women). In total, 76.8% reported smoking daily at a rate of 5-10 cigarettes per day. In terms of students' beliefs about smoking, 86.8% disagreed with selling cigarettes at the university. Of the respondents, 68.4% did not approve smoking on campus. There was a relationship between smoking habits and the age group of 22-25 years, which was the highest smoking category among students (p-value = 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of cigarette smoking among medical students is disturbing, particularly as they are future doctors. There is a need to include plans to reduce smoking among students that can be incorporated into courses and special programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waled Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suaad Omer
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aida Fadlala
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab Ali
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ragaa Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Hakami
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujtaba Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elwaleed Sagiron
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdalla Osman
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamza Balola
- Department of Community, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
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Prevalence of Use and Knowledge about Tobacco Products and Their Harmful Effects among University Students in Southern Croatia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050771. [PMID: 36900776 PMCID: PMC10001000 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding students' attitudes toward smoking and tobacco products is essential for effective smoking prevention interventions. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey aims to determine the prevalence of use and knowledge about cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and electronic cigarettes and their harmful effects among university students. The survey was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire among 1184 students. Questions were related to the respondents' demographic characteristics, tobacco use patterns, and opinions about exposure to health warnings and tobacco product advertising messages. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression analysis. The results showed that 30.2% of the students use tobacco products (74.5% smoked conventional cigarettes; 7.9% used electronic cigarettes; and 17.6% used heated tobacco products). The median (interquartile range) score of the students' knowledge (maximum = 27) was 16 (12-22). The results showed that students from technical, social, humanities, natural, and biotechnology scientific programs had lower levels of knowledge about tobacco products and their harmful effects than biomedical students (p ≤ 0.001). In addition, past and current use of tobacco products was significantly associated with higher overall knowledge of tobacco products and their harmful effects (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.90, % confidence interval (CI) 1.09-3.31, p = 0.023; OR 1.41, CI 1.08-1.84, p = 0.011). The research findings confirm the lack of knowledge and misconceptions about the harmful effects associated with tobacco product use. They also emphasize the need for better prevention and awareness of the harmful effects of smoking on human health.
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Differences in lifestyle between students of medical and biological fields of study in Poland. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.85.4.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Students are a specific social group characterized by different lifestyle behaviours.
The aim of the study was to determine whether there are lifestyle differences between students of medical and biological fields from three different universities in Poland.
The research material consisted of answers from 1163 students (781 women and 382 men), aged 17.5– 26.0 from the medical faculty of the Wroclaw Medical University, biological faculties of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw and the University of Lodz. The survey included questions regarding gender, socio-demographic situation, lifestyle and eating habits. Students also provided height and weight data, which was used for BMI calculation. Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to indicate differences in BMI between students and to estimate differences in lifestyle between students from three different university centres.
Medical students exhibited significantly lower BMI values compared to students from other academic centres. They also more often reported doing additional sports and assessed their overall level of physical activity significantly higher compared to students from other academic centres. Biology students reported to sleep longer and being more exhausted compared to medical students. Biology students tended to drink sugar-sweetened beverages and eat fast-food significantly more often than medical students. Students from the medical faculty in Wroclaw reported to smoke cigarettes less often compared to students from non-medical study. There were no significant differences in other studied factors, such as the use of alcohol, snacking between the meals and consumption of energy drinks.
Overall, students of medical fields reported a healthier lifestyle compared to their peers from biological faculties, although this was not consistent for all examined factors.
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Martins BNFL, Normando AGC, Rodrigues-Fernandes CI, Wagner VP, Kowalski LP, Marques SS, Marta GN, Júnior GDC, Ruiz BII, Vargas PA, Lopes MA, Santos-Silva AR. Global frequency and epidemiological profile of electronic cigarette users: a systematic review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:548-561. [PMID: 36182650 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is growing significantly worldwide, especially among young people. This product has been associated with renormalizing smoking and hindering quit attempts in smokers. Moreover, among nonsmokers, it can lead to subsequent cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile of e-cigarette users worldwide. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review was performed using 3 main electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE). Studies were independently assessed by 2 reviewers based on established eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the MAStARI critical appraisal instrument. RESULTS From 4,496 records, 43 were included. Among the 1,238,392 participants, 132,786 (10.72%) were e-cigarette users. The age range with the highest percentage of e-cigarette users was 18-24 years old, with 40,989 (30.86%) males, 34,875 (26.26%) females, and 33.6% being current cigarette smokers. The highest prevalence of users was 52.88% in Croatia and 49.62% in New Zealand. Other possible correlations were observed with e-cigarette use, such as a high level of education. CONCLUSION Overall, e-cigarette users tended to be male young adults with a higher level of education. The highest prevalence of use was found in Croatia. This systematic review provides valuable information to improve the development of appropriate intervention strategies targeting e-cigarette users for more accurate anti-smoking actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Silva Marques
- São Paulo State Reference Centre on Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs, Secretary of Health, São Paulo, Brazil; State Coordination of the Tobacco Program, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Nader Marta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro Júnior
- Clinical Oncology Service, São Paulo State Cancer Institute (ICESP-FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Ajudarte Lopes
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Campo L, Lumia S, Fustinoni S. Assessing Smoking Habits, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Needs among University Students at the University of Milan, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12527. [PMID: 36231827 PMCID: PMC9566438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College campuses and universities are valuable settings for smoking prevention programs targeting young adults. AIM To investigate smoking habits, electronic cigarette (e-cig) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use, exposure to passive smoke, compliance with smoking bans on campus, attitudes toward the anti-smoking policies, and educational needs among students at the University of Milan, Italy. METHODS A validated questionnaire was web-submitted to 64,801 students in the period May-July 2021. For each item, the frequency was calculated and χ2 test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare differences among the 10 faculties of the University. RESULTS 7162 students participated in the survey, while 6605 questionnaires were included in this report (62% female, 84% aged 18-25 years). Sixty-four percent of participants were never smokers, 19% were smokers, 2.8% were e-cig or HTP users, 3.7% were dual smokers, 10% were former smokers, and 66% reported routinely spending free time with smokers. Almost all students were aware of the dangers of active and passive smoking of cigarettes, while about 20% did not have an opinion on the dangers of e-cigs/HTPs. Only 49% were aware of the smoking ban in the outdoor areas of the university. Students from the faculties of Law and Political, Economic, and Social Sciences smoked more frequently and were more frequently exposed to passive smoke than other students. Medicine students were the most aware of the dangers of passive smoking and using e-cigs/HTPs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Italy involving the entire student population of a university and highlighting differences among faculties in terms of active and passive smoking and opinions. The results suggest that prevention campaigns addressed to students should consider their specific study curricula and give information tailored to the different educational needs to efficiently support health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campo
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics, and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Lumia
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics, and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics, and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Environmental and Industrial Toxicology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Hosseini Z, Mouseli A, Aghamolaei T, Mohseni S, Shahini S, Dadipoor S. Predictors of adopting smoking preventive behaviors by university students: the extended parallel process model fitness test. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2120423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hosseini
- Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Mouseli
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shokrollah Mohseni
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shirin Shahini
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sara Dadipoor
- Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Morais ÉAHD, Oliveira BED, Roesberg JMA, Souza PSN, Souza RNBD, Costa SF, Marques VDS, Abreu MNS. [Individual and contextual factors associated with smoking among young Brazilian adults]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:2349-2362. [PMID: 35649022 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022276.20622021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Young people receive special attention regarding smoking as it is a period of life in which the use of this and other substances generally starts and is consolidated. There are no studies on risk factors associated with young adults with a representative sample from Brazil that take into consideration individual and contextual aspects. The objective was to identify factors associated with smoking among young Brazilian adults aged 18 to 24 years, considering the combined influence of individual and contextual factors assessed through the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). It involved a cross-sectional, population-based study that used data from the 2019 National Health Survey. Using the Poisson multilevel model with robust variance for estimating the Prevalence Ratio, individual variables were analyzed, and the MHDI as a contextual variable in each Federative Unit. In addition to individual factors, the MHDI was also associated with smoking among young people, with an increase in the prevalence of tobacco consumption among young people as the state's MHDI increases (p<0.001), indicating that living in a state with better conditions according to the MHDI, socioeconomic status is associated with a higher probability of young people smoking when compared to those residing in other states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Emiliano de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Joana Motta Araújo Roesberg
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Priscila Silvia Nunes Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | | | - Saraid Figueiredo Costa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Vitória da Silva Marques
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Mery Natali Silva Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
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Mohmad S, Ismail A, Ks H, Hassan N, Imran AM, Hamzah NF, Wan Mohd Zain WAI. Comparison and determination of factors associated with smoking status, smoking knowledge, attitude and practice (S-KAP) between smoke-free and non-smoke-free campuses in public universities in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052275. [PMID: 35288382 PMCID: PMC8921843 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the smoking prevalence, smoking knowledge, attitudes and practices (S-KAP) between smoke-free campuses (SFCs) and non-SFCs (NSFCs) and determined the associated factors of smoking status and S-KAP. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS The research was conducted in four public universities in Malaysia; two SFCs and two NSFCs. PARTICIPANTS Students and staff from SFCs (n=1063) and NSFCs (n=1040). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Compared the smoking prevalence, S-KAP between SFCs and NSFCs and determined the associated factors. RESULTS The prevalence of smokers among the SFC and NSFC respondents was 5.2% and 6.7%, respectively. University type and smoking attitude were significantly related (p=0.02). At the SFCs, the factors associated with becoming a smoker were male gender (p<0.001), monthly income ≥RM3000 (p=0.02), positive smoking attitude (p=0.003) and positive smoking practice (p<0.001); at NSFCs, the associated factors were male gender (p<0.001), low smoking knowledge (p=0.004), positive smoking attitude (p=0.001) and practice (p<0.001). The factors associated with good smoking knowledge were female gender (SFCs: p=0.001; NSFCs: p=0.004), and monthly income ≥RM3000 (NSFCs: p=0.02). Male respondents were likely to have positive smoking attitudes (SFCs: p<0.001; NSFCs: p<0.001) and negative smoking practices (SFCs: p<0.001; NSFCs: p<0.001). CONCLUSION Overall, smoking prevalence, knowledge and practice were not much different between SFCs and NSFCs. However, there was a significant relationship between university type and smoking attitude due to the existence of the SFC policy likely rendering smoking a less acceptable social norm. Continual education programmes on smoking harms and smoking cessation strategies are highly recommended to aid the SFC policy in preventing secondhand smoke in universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazwani Mohmad
- Centre for Leadership & Professional Development, Institute for Health Management, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Aniza Ismail
- Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Hayati Ks
- Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Noraryana Hassan
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Arfah Mahani Imran
- Health Education Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nur Faezah Hamzah
- Health Education Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Electronic Cigarette Use and Other Factors Associated with Cigarette Smoking among Thai Undergraduate Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020240. [PMID: 35206855 PMCID: PMC8871931 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of smoking among young adults in Thailand has gradually increased. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with cigarette smoking among undergraduate students. This cross-sectional study used a self-administered, anonymous online questionnaire to gather data from undergraduate students across four universities in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. All 1126 participants were an average age of 21.30 years old (SD 1.48). The findings revealed seven factors significantly associated with cigarette smoking (p < 0.05), including male sex, having no medical conditions, consuming alcohol daily and consuming alcohol in the past, having brothers or sisters who smoked cigarettes, having a father or mother who smoked cigarettes, having parents who considered smoking acceptable and having parents who had uncertain concerns about smoking, and had or have used electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). These associated factors could be useful in implementing appropriate tobacco-control programs to prevent cigarette smoking among undergraduate students. Relevant organizations, universities and healthcare professionals should communicate correct and appropriate information about the illness and diseases caused by using tobacco products to strengthen the correct perceptions of the harms of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among undergraduate students. Furthermore, smoke-free policies should be monitored and strictly enforced, particularly in university areas.
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Olufayo OE, Ajayi IO, Ngene SO. Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among first-year students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:98-106. [PMID: 36043679 PMCID: PMC10005463 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0998.11052022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the second leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, there is substantial evidence that modifiable risk factors for CVD are increasing in adolescents. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and clustering of these risk factors in adolescents. OBJECTIVES This study explores the modifiable risk factors for CVD among first-year students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS A total of 546 newly admitted students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, were recruited using stratified random sampling. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from study participants between January and February 2016. RESULTS The mean age of respondents was 19 ± 2.2 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The reported risk factors for CVD were smoking (1.6%), abdominal obesity (3.3%), alcohol consumption (3.7%), overweight/obesity (20.7%), unhealthy diet (85.3%), and physical inactivity (94.5%). Clustering of ≥ 2 risk factors was reported in 23.4% of students. Female students were twice as probably overweight/obese as male students (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.2; confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-3.43). Students whose fathers were skilled workers were 3.5 times more likely to be physically inactive (AOR = 1.7; CI = 0.97-2.96). The clustering of ≥ 2 risk factors was significantly higher among women and Muslims in bivariate analysis, whereas no significant association was found in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Public health strategies to prevent CVD risk factors should begin in schools and extend to the entire community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Ebenezer Olufayo
- MD, MSc. Post-Master's Student, Department of Epidemiology and
Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,
Nigeria
| | - Ikeoluwapo Oyeneye Ajayi
- MD, PhD. Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Medical
Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Medical
Consultant, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced
Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan,
Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Osobuchi Ngene
- MD, MPH. Research Coordinator, Department of Epidemiology and
Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;
Research Office, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery,
University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Chirtkiatsakul B, Jani R, Hairi FM, Talib MA. Tobacco use and associated factors among university students in Thailand. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1941355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Busaban Chirtkiatsakul
- Department of Applied Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani, Thailand
| | - Rohana Jani
- Ungku Aziz Centre for Development Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muzalwana Abdul Talib
- Department of Applied Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wamamili B, Lawler S, Wallace-Bell M, Gartner C, Sellars D, Grace RC, Courtney R, Coope P. Cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among university students in Queensland, Australia and New Zealand: results of two cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041705. [PMID: 33563621 PMCID: PMC7875298 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the patterns of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use (vaping), the perceived harm of e-cigarettes compared with tobacco cigarettes, and associations between smoking and vaping with student characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional studies. SETTING The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia and eight New Zealand (NZ) universities. PARTICIPANTS Students at UQ: 4957 (70.8% aged <25 years, 63.0% women) and NZ: 1854 (82.5% aged <25 years, 60.1% women). METHODS Χ2 tests compared smoking by age and gender, and vaping by age, gender and smoking status. Two-sided p<0.05 was considered significant and 95% CIs reported where appropriate. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between smoking and vaping (exclusive smoking, exclusive vaping, dual use and non-use) with age, gender and student type (domestic vs international). RESULTS Smoking (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 45.2% (43.8% to 46.6%) vs 50.0% (47.7% to 52.3%), current 8.9% (8.1% to 9.7%) vs 10.4% (9.1% to 11.9%) and daily 5.2% (4.6% to 5.8%) vs 5.6% (4.6% to 6.7%), and not smoking in indoor 98.3% vs 87.7% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 83.8% vs 65.3%.Vaping (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 20.9% (19.8% to 22.1%) vs 37.6% (35.4% to 39.9%), current 1.8% (1.5% to 2.2%) vs 6.5% (5.4% to 7.7%) and daily 0.7% (0.5% to 1.0%) vs 2.5% (1.9% to 3.4%), and not vaping in indoor 91.4% vs 79.6% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 84.4% vs 71.3%. Of respondents, 71.7% (70.3% to 73.2%) vs 75.3% (72.9% to 77.6%) perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than tobacco cigarettes.Men were more likely than women to smoke and vape, and to believe that e-cigarettes are less harmful. Regression models containing all predictors for smoking and vaping were significant and the effect of gender was significant for dual use, exclusive smoking and exclusive vaping (all p<0.01). Men had higher odds for smoking, vaping or dual use. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest significant differences in patterns of smoking and vaping of university students in Australia and NZ, and a strong influence of gender on smoking and vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wamamili
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Wallace-Bell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Sellars
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Randolph C Grace
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ryan Courtney
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pat Coope
- College of Education, Health and Human Development, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Wamamili B, Wallace-Bell M, Richardson A, Grace RC, Coope P. Associations of history of mental illness with smoking and vaping among university students aged 18-24 years in New Zealand: Results of a 2018 national cross-sectional survey. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106635. [PMID: 32932103 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on associations of history of mental illness (HMI) with smoking and vaping in New Zealand (NZ) are lacking. This study examines these associations in university students aged 18-24 years. METHODS Data came from a 2018 national cross-sectional study of university students and included information on demographic characteristics, smoking, vaping and participant health in the previous 12-months. χ2 tests compared patterns of smoking and vaping, and logistic regression assessed associations of HMI with smoking and vaping, controlling for age, gender and ethnicity. An HMI was defined as a diagnosis/treatment for depression, anxiety/nervous disorder, or other mental health condition in the previous 12-months. RESULTS The sample comprised 1293 students: 61.3% aged 18-20; 62.8% female; 7.8% Māori, 92.2% non-Māori, and 18.5% reported an HMI. Smoking: 49.7% (95% CI 47.0-52.5) reported ever, 10.5% (8.9-12.3) current and 5.0% (3.9-6.4) daily smoking. Vaping: 38.7% (36.0-41.4) reported ever, 6.3% (5.1-7.8) current and 1.9% (1.3-2.8) daily vaping. Participants with HMI were significantly more likely to smoke: ever (64.9% vs 46.3%, p < .001), current (15.1% vs 9.5%, p = .011) and daily (7.5% vs 4.5%, p = .050), and vape: ever (49.4% vs 36.3%, p < .001) and current (9.2% vs 5.7%, p = .044) than participants without HMI. The model containing all predictors of HMI was significant, χ2 (5, N = 1293) = 24.09, p < .001. Gender (OR 0.54, (0.4-0.75)), current smoking (OR 1.82, (1.19-2.78)) and current vaping (OR 1.73, (1.02-2.93)) made unique significant contributions to the model. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of smoking and vaping were significantly higher in students with HMI, and there were strong associations between HMI and smoking and vaping.
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Wamamili B, Wallace-Bell M, Richardson A, Grace RC, Coope P. Attitudes towards the New Zealand Government's Smokefree 2025 goal associated with smoking and vaping in university students aged 18 to 24 years: results of a 2018 national cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037362. [PMID: 33154044 PMCID: PMC7646329 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In March 2011, New Zealand (NZ) launched an aspirational goal to reduce smoking prevalence to 5% or less by 2025 (Smokefree 2025 goal). Little is known about university students' awareness of, support for and perceptions about this goal. We sought to narrow the knowledge gap. SETTING University students in NZ. METHODS We analysed data from a 2018 cross-sectional survey of university students across NZ. Logistic regression analysis examined the associations between responses about the Smokefree goal with smoking and vaping, while controlling for age, sex and ethnicity. Confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported where appropriate. PARTICIPANTS The sample comprised 1476 students: 919 (62.3%) aged 18 to 20 and 557 (37.7%) aged 21 to 24 years; 569 (38.6%) male and 907 (61.4%) female; 117 (7.9%) Māori and 1359 (92.1%) non-Māori. Of these, 10.5% currently smoked (ie, smoked at least monthly) and 6.1% currently vaped (ie, used an e-cigarette or vaped at least once a month). RESULTS Overall awareness of the Smokefree goal was 47.5% (95% CI: 44.9 to 50.1); support 96.9% (95% CI: 95.8 to 97.8); belief that it can be achieved 88.8% (95% CI: 86.8 to 90.7) and belief that e-cigarettes/vaping can help achieve it 88.1% (95% CI: 86.0 to 89.9).Dual users of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes had greater odds of being aware of the Smokefree goal (OR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.19 to 7.92), current smokers had lower odds of supporting it (OR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.27) and of believing that it can be achieved (OR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.24) and current vapers had greater odds of believing that e-cigarettes/vaping can help to achieve it (OR=8.57, 95% CI: 1.18 to 62.52) compared with non-users. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest strong overall support for the Smokefree goal and belief that it can be achieved and that e-cigarettes/vaping can help achieve it. Smoking and vaping were associated with high awareness of the Smokefree goal, but lower support and optimism that it can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wamamili
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark Wallace-Bell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ann Richardson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Randolph C Grace
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Pat Coope
- College of Education, Health and Human Development, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Mandic D, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V, Vukovic D, Djikanovic B, Stamenkovic Z, Lalic NM. Successful promotion of physical activity among students of medicine through motivational interview and Web-based intervention. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9495. [PMID: 32714663 PMCID: PMC7353914 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regular physical activity supports healthy behavior and contributes to the reduction of preventable diseases. Students in their social transition period are the ideal groups for interventions. The higher education period, associated with demanding changes and poor time management, results in a low level of physical activity. In this age, social media usually are a suitable channel of communication and multicomponent interventions are the most desirable. It has not been sufficiently investigated how effective a Web-based approach is among university students when it comes to physical activity in the long-term period. We combined a Web-based approach with motivational interviews and tested these two interventions together and separate to assess their impact on improving the physical activity of medical students 1 year after the intervention. Methods All 514 first-year students at the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade were invited to fill in a baseline questionnaire. Also, they underwent measurement of weight, height and waist circumference. After that, students selected a 6 months intervention according to their preference: Intervention through social media (Facebook) (Group 1) or combined with a motivational interview (Group 2). Group 3 consisted of students without any intervention. One year after completion of the 6 months intervention period, all students were invited to a second comprehensive assessment. Analyses were performed employing a wide range of statistical testing, including direct logistic regression, to identify determinants of increased physical activity measured by an average change of Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET). This outcome measure was defined as the difference between the values at baseline and one year after completion of the 6 months intervention period. Results Due to a large number of potential determinants of the change of MET, three logistic regression models considered three groups of independent variables: basic socio-demographic and anthropometric data, intervention and willingness for change, and health status with life choices. The only significant model comprised parameters related to the interventions (p < 0.001). It accurately classified 73.5% of cases. There is a highly significant overall effect for type of intervention (Wald = 19.5, df = 2, p < 0.001) with high odds for the increase of physical activity. Significant relationship between time and type of intervention also existed (F = 7.33, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.091). The influence of both factors (time and interventions) led to a change (increase) in the dependent variable MET. Conclusion Our study confirmed the presence of low-level physical activity among students of medicine and showed that multicomponent interventions have significant potential for positive change. The desirable effects of the Web-based intervention are higher if an additional booster is involved, such as a motivational interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Mandic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Centre School of Public Health and Management, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Bjegovic-Mikanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Centre School of Public Health and Management, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejana Vukovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Centre School of Public Health and Management, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bosiljka Djikanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Stamenkovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa M Lalic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia
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Romero-López AM, Portero-de-la-Cruz S, Vaquero-Abellán M. Effectiveness of a web platform on university students' motivation to quit smoking. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3318. [PMID: 32609269 PMCID: PMC7332250 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3731.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to know the dependence on nicotine and the motivation to quit smoking in
Nursing and Physiotherapy students of a university in the South of Spain,
and to evaluate the impact of an intervention based on the use of
information technologies on the motivation to quit smoking. Method: a pilot study in two phases: the first being cross-sectional and the second,
a before-and-after intervention. The motivation to quit smoking was assessed
by means of the Richmond questionnaire, and the dependence on nicotine
through the Fagerström questionnaire; additionally, an intervention was
performed based on the use of a web platform to increase motivation to quit
smoking. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: the prevalence in the use of tobacco was 4.33% (n=29). 3.45% of the
participants had a high level of dependence; and 6.90%, a high level of
motivation. The level of motivation did not change after the intervention
(p=0.10). Conclusion: most of the students have low levels of motivation to quit smoking and of
physical dependence to nicotine. The level of motivation to quit smoking
does not change after performing the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba María Romero-López
- Universidad de Córdoba, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Silvia Portero-de-la-Cruz
- Universidad de Córdoba, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Manuel Vaquero-Abellán
- Universidad de Córdoba, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
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Wamamili B, Wallace-Bell M, Richardson A, Grace RC, Coope P. Electronic cigarette use among university students aged 18-24 years in New Zealand: results of a 2018 national cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035093. [PMID: 32571858 PMCID: PMC7311043 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine electronic cigarette use, reasons for use and perceptions of harm among university students. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University students across New Zealand. METHODS We analysed data from a 2018 cross-sectional survey of university students, weighted to account for undersampling and oversampling by gender and university size. χ2 tests were used to compare e-cigarette use, reasons for use and perceptions of harm by age, gender, ethnicity and cigarette smoking. PARTICIPANTS The sample comprised 1476 students: 62.3% aged 18-20 years, 37.7% aged 21-24 years; 38.6% male, 61.4% female; 7.9% Māori and 92.1% non-Māori. RESULTS 40.5% of respondents (95% CI 37.9 to 43.1) reported ever, 6.1% (4.9-7.4) current and 1.7% (1.1-2.5) daily use. Regardless of frequency, 11.5% of vapers had vaped daily for ≥1 month, 70.2% of whom used nicotine-containing devices; 80.8% reported not vaping in indoor and 73.8% in outdoor smoke-free spaces. Among ever vapers, curiosity (67.4%), enjoyment (14.4%) and quitting (2.4%) were common reasons for vaping. 76.1% (73.4-78.7) of respondents believed e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes.More males than females reported vaping (ever, current, daily and daily for ≥1 month), nicotine use and belief that e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes. More participants aged 18-20 years reported not vaping in outdoor smoke-free spaces, vaping out of curiosity and belief that e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes, while more participants aged 21-24 years vaped daily for ≥1 month and for enjoyment. More Māori than non-Māori ever vaped. More cigarette smokers than non-smokers vaped (ever, current, daily and daily for ≥1 month), used nicotine and vaped to quit, while more non-smokers did not vape in smoke-free spaces and vaped out of curiosity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest high prevalence of e-cigarette ever and current use, particularly among males and smokers. Many vaped out of curiosity and perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wamamili
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark Wallace-Bell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ann Richardson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Randolph C Grace
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Pat Coope
- College of Education, Health and Human Development, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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