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Abu-Raya B, Viñeta Paramo M, Reicherz F, Lavoie PM. Why has the epidemiology of RSV changed during the COVID-19 pandemic? EClinicalMedicine 2023; 61:102089. [PMID: 37483545 PMCID: PMC10359735 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically perturbed the epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) respiratory tract infections in children. The reasons for this are not clear. In this article, we review the current literature and critically discuss the different theories to explain why the epidemiology of RSV has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proposed mechanisms include decreased viral immunity in vulnerable age groups caused by the prolonged lack of RSV circulation early in the pandemic, potential Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced immune dysregulation, viral interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and RSV, and modifications in health-seeking behaviors as well as heath systems factors. Research in viral genomics and phylogeny, and more robust immunology research is needed to guide RSV prevention and health care resource planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marina Viñeta Paramo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frederic Reicherz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pascal Michel Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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2
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Otto M, Britton PN, Serpa Neto A, Erickson S, Festa M, Crawford NW, Burrell AJC, Udy AA. COVID-19 related ICU admissions in paediatric and young adult patients in Australia: a national case series 2020-2022. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023:100763. [PMID: 37360865 PMCID: PMC10102812 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic research efforts have focused on disease phenotypes in adults. A distinct spectrum of illness has been documented in paediatric populations. We aimed to review paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in Australia, across differing variant predominant phases of the pandemic. Methods Data reported to the Short PeRiod IncideNce sTudy of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SPRINT-SARI) Australia, across 49 ICUs from February 2020 to June 2022 were extracted. We defined 'child' as patients aged <12 years, 'adolescent' as patients aged 12-17 years, and 'young adult' as patients aged 18-25 years. Findings We identified 226 paediatric ICU admissions with COVID-19, representing 3.9% of ICU admissions across the study period. Comorbidity was present in 34.6% of children, 51.4% of adolescents, and 48.7% of young adults. The need for respiratory support was highest in young adults. While 28.3% of patients <18 years required invasive ventilation, in-hospital mortality in paediatric patients was 3.6%. During the Omicron period, there was an increase in the annualised incidence of age-specific COVID-19 ICU admissions per 100,000 population, albeit a decrease in the incidence per 1000 SARS-CoV-2 notifications. Interpretation This study demonstrated an appreciable burden of COVID-19 in paediatric patients. Adolescent patients presented phenotypically similar to young adults, however, illness severity was lower in younger cohorts. The Omicron phase of the pandemic demonstrated an increased age-specific population incidence of COVID-19 ICU admissions, albeit a reduced incidence when based on SARS-CoV-2 notifications. Funding SPRINT-SARI Australia is supported by the Department of Health, Commonwealth of Australia [Standing Deed SON60002733].
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Otto
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip N Britton
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Hainsworth Street, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ary Serpa Neto
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Erickson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marino Festa
- Kids Critical Care Research, Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Hainsworth Street, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- SAEFVIC, Infection & Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Immunisation Service, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aidan J C Burrell
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew A Udy
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Rykov MY, Dolgopolov IS. COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, vaccination, and treatment. ROSSIYSKIY VESTNIK PERINATOLOGII I PEDIATRII (RUSSIAN BULLETIN OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS) 2023. [DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-6-14-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In late 2019, a new subtype of coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread around the world, causing a global pandemic. Initially, the proportion of confirmed cases among children was relatively small, and it was believed that children were rarely infected. Subsequent observations have shown that in children and adolescents, the infection is either asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic, and therefore the true incidence is underestimated due to the lack of testing. The article systematizes the results of studies on the prevalence, diagnosis, clinical features, vaccination, and treatment of children with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate throughout the peak of the pandemic in children was low compared to adults. Children are not only less likely to become infected with the virus, but they also endure the infection more easily than adults. The mortality rate in children with COVID-19 was <0.5%. In most children, infection is either asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. Vaccination of children and adolescents is recommended mainly to achieve herd immunity in all age groups. However, there are no convincing data on the duration of the immune response, the level of the required protective antibody titer, as well as on the long-term side effects of vaccination due to the insufficient follow-up period and the uncertainty of the immune response criteria. As information is accumulated on the viral load of children and adolescents, their role in the transmission of the virus, diagnostic approaches in this age group are optimized. The effectiveness of the treatment was tested on patients admitted to the hospital, and recommendations for treatment were developed. Currently, global research efforts are focused on the protection of particularly vulnerable children, the prospects for total childhood vaccination, its effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Yu. Rykov
- Russian State Social University; Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health
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4
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Avcu G, Arslan SY, Soylu M, Bilen NM, Bal ZS, Cicek C, Kurugol Z, Ozkinay F. Quantitative Antibody Levels Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:681-689. [PMID: 36534467 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of children with coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) are asymptomatic or develop mild symptoms, and a small number of patients require hospitalization. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is one of the most severe clinical courses of COVID-19 and is suggested to be a hyperinflammatory condition. This study aimed to compare quantitative antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C. Blood samples from 75 patients [n = 36 (48%) with mild/asymptomatic (group 1), n = 22 (29.3%) with moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (group 2) and n = 17 (22.6%) patients with MIS-C (group 3)] were analyzed 3 months after COVID-19. The majority of the children with asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 symptoms (80.6%), moderate/severe disease (90.9%), and MIS-C (82.4%) had detectable IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (p = 0.567). The mean antibody value against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was 321.9 ± 411.6 in group 1, 274 ± 261 in group 2, and 220 ± 299 in group 3, respectively (p > 0.05). Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (asymptomatic/mild+moderate/severe) and those with MIS-C were also compared; the antibody positivity rates [COVID-19 group: 85.5%, MIS-C group: 82.4%, (p = 0.833)] and mean antibody values [COVID-19 group: 303.9 ± 360.3, MIS-C group: 220 ± 299, (p > 0.05)] were similar in both groups. In conclusion, the majority of children with COVID-19 and MIS-C developed a detectable antibody level against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 3 months after COVID-19. Quantitative antibody levels were similar in both asymptomatic/mild disease, moderate/severe disease, and MIS-C group. Long-term studies evaluating antibody responses in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C are needed for more accurate vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulhadiye Avcu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sema Yildirim Arslan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Soylu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nimet Melis Bilen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zumrut Sahbudak Bal
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Candan Cicek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Kurugol
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ozkinay
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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5
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Lopez L, Burgner D, Glover C, Carr J, Clark J, Boast A, Vasilunas N, McMullan B, Francis JR, Bowen AC, Blyth CC, Macartney K, Crawford NW, Carey E, Wood N, Britton PN. Lower risk of Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with the omicron variant. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 27:100604. [PMID: 36237982 PMCID: PMC9541565 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lopez
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Glover
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy Carr
- Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia Clark
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alison Boast
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nan Vasilunas
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan McMullan
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Asha C. Bowen
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Kristine Macartney
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel W. Crawford
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Carey
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Wood
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip N. Britton
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Corresponding author at: C/o Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hainsworth St and Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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6
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Grimwood K, Chang AB. Balancing the medical and social needs of children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Med J Aust 2022; 217:299-300. [PMID: 35970512 PMCID: PMC9538464 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Grimwood
- Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD.,Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, QLD
| | - Anne B Chang
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD.,Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD.,Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT
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7
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Williams P, Koirala A, Saravanos GL, Lopez LK, Glover C, Sharma K, Williams T, Carey E, Shaw N, Dickens E, Sitaram N, Ging J, Bray P, Crawford NW, McMullan B, Macartney K, Wood N, Fulton EL, Lau C, Britton PN. COVID
‐19 in New South Wales children during 2021: severity and clinical spectrum. Med J Aust 2022; 217:303-310. [PMID: 35851698 PMCID: PMC9349636 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To describe the severity and clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in children during the 2021 New South Wales outbreak of the Delta variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Design, setting: Prospective cohort study in three metropolitan Sydney local health districts, 1 June – 31 October 2021. Participants: Children under 16 years of age with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid test results admitted to hospital or managed by the Sydney Children’s Hospital Network (SCHN) virtual care team. Main outcome measures: Age‐specific SARS‐CoV‐2 infection frequency, overall and separately for SCHN virtual and hospital patients; rates of medical and social reason admissions, intensive care admissions, and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 per 100 SARS‐CoV‐2 infections; demographic and clinical factors that influenced likelihood of hospital admission. Results: A total of 17 474 SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in children under 16 were recorded in NSW, of whom 11 985 (68.6%) received SCHN‐coordinated care, including 459 admitted to SCHN hospitals: 165 for medical reasons (1.38 [95% CI, 1.17–1.59] per 100 infections), including 15 admitted to intensive care, and 294 (under 18 years of age) for social reasons (2.45 [95% CI, 2.18–2.73] per 100 infections). In an analysis that included all children admitted to hospital and a random sample of those managed by the virtual team, having another medical condition (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.42; 95% CI, 3.08–19.3) was associated with increased likelihood of medical admission; in univariate analyses, non‐asthmatic chronic respiratory disease was associated with greater (OR, 9.21; 95% CI, 1.61–174) and asthma/viral induced wheeze with lower likelihood of admission (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18–0.78). The likelihood of admission for medical reasons declined from infancy to 5–11 years, but rose again for those aged 12–15 years. Sex and Indigenous status did not influence the likelihood of admission. Conclusion: Most SARS‐CoV‐2 infections (Delta variant) in children were asymptomatic or associated with mild disease. Hospitalisation was relatively infrequent, and most common for infants, adolescents, and children with other medical conditions. More children were hospitalised for social than for medical reasons. The known: Information regarding disease severity and reasons for hospital admissions of children with COVID‐19 in Australia is very limited. The new: In 2021, more NSW children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infections were hospitalised for social or welfare reasons (294, 64%; 2.45 per 100 infections) than for medical treatment (165, 36%; 1.38 per 100 infections). Children under six months of age, aged 12–15 years, or with another medical condition were more likely to be hospitalised than other children. The implications: As acute COVID‐19 is typically mild in children, measures that protect them from SARS‐CoV‐2 but harm their overall wellbeing may be disproportionate. Community support for children with special care needs could reduce the number of hospitalisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Williams
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
- Sydney Children's Hospital at Randwick Sydney NSW
| | - Archana Koirala
- The University of Sydney Sydney NSW
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
| | | | - Laura K Lopez
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
| | - Catherine Glover
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
| | - Ketaki Sharma
- The University of Sydney Sydney NSW
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
| | - Tracey Williams
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
- Home in the Hospital service, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
| | - Emma Carey
- Kids Research, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
| | - Nadine Shaw
- virtualKIDS, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
| | - Emma Dickens
- virtualKIDS, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
| | - Neela Sitaram
- virtualKIDS, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
| | - Joanne Ging
- virtualKIDS, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
| | - Paula Bray
- Kids Research, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
- Home in the Hospital service, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination in the Community (SAEFVIC), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Melbourne VIC
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Melbourne VIC
| | - Brendan McMullan
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Melbourne VIC
- The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW
| | - Kristine Macartney
- The University of Sydney Sydney NSW
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
| | - Nicholas Wood
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
- The University of Sydney Sydney NSW
| | - Elizabeth L Fulton
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
- Home in the Hospital service, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
| | - Christine Lau
- virtualKIDS, the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Sydney NSW
| | - Philip N Britton
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW
- The University of Sydney Sydney NSW
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8
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Niño-Serna LF, López-Barón E, Maya Ángel IC, Tamayo-Múnera C. Clinical Characteristics of Children With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Hospital in Latin America. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:921880. [PMID: 35757135 PMCID: PMC9218196 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.921880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 infections have shown a different behavior in children than in adults. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients seen at a reference hospital in Colombia. METHOD A descriptive, observational study in patients under the age of 18 years with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR or antigen) between April 2020 and March 2021. Multiple variables were studied, including demographic data, clinical characteristics, lab measurements, treatments administered, intensive care unit admission, and mortality. RESULTS A total of 361 patients were included of whom 196 (54%) were males. The median age was 3 years. Of all the patients, 65 (18%) were asymptomatic. The majority of patients had no comorbidities (n = 225, 76%). In those who were symptomatic (n = 296, 82%), the most frequent complaints were fever (n = 178, 60%), nasal congestion (n = 164, 55%) and cough (n = 149, 50%). Chest x-rays were normal in 73 patients (50%). When abnormalities were found, interstitial (29%) and alveolar (12%) patterns were the most prevalent. One hundred and fifty-seven children (53%) required general ward hospitalization, and 24 patients (8%) required pediatric intensive care admission. The global mortality was 0.8% (3 patients). CONCLUSIONS The majority of cases were asymptomatic or mild. However, a significant percentage of patients required general ward admission, and some even required intensive care. The main symptom of COVID-19 infections in newborns was apnea. A second COVID-19 RT-PCR may be necessary to detect infections in critically ill patients with a high clinical suspicion of the disease if an initial test was negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Niño-Serna
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Eliana López-Barón
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
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9
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Rudan I, Adeloye D, Katikireddi SV, Murray J, Simpson C, Shah SA, Robertson C, Sheikh A. The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: Learning about clinical presentation, patterns of spread, viral load, diagnosis and treatment. J Glob Health 2021; 11:01010. [PMID: 35047182 PMCID: PMC8763336 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Josie Murray
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
| | - Colin Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Chris Robertson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - EAVE II collaboration
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Sharma D, Bhaskar SMM. Prevalence of paediatric hyperinflammatory conditions in paediatric and adolescent hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. APMIS 2021; 130:101-110. [PMID: 34894016 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the milieu of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there are increasing reports of paediatric hyperinflammatory conditions (PHICs), including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) and Kawasaki disease (KD). Few analyses of PHIC prevalence in paediatric and adolescent hospitalized COVID-19 patients exist. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to determine a pooled prevalence estimate of PHICs in paediatric and adolescent hospitalized patients admitted for treatment due to COVID-19. Individual studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Relevant prevalence, baseline, treatment and outcome data were extracted using a standardized datasheet. The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted as per the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Overall, 14 studies with 2202 patients admitted for treatment due to COVID-19, among whom 780 were diagnosed with PHICs, were included. The crude estimate of prevalence was 35.42%, and the pooled estimate of prevalence was 29% (random pooled ES = 0.29; 95% CIs = 0.18-0.42; p < 0.0001; z = 7.45). A sizeable proportion of paediatric and adolescent hospitalized patients admitted for treatment due to COVID-19 are diagnosed with a PHIC warranting a high index of clinical suspicion for PHICs. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyansh Sharma
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and Global Health Neurology and Translational Neuroscience Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonu M M Bhaskar
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and Global Health Neurology and Translational Neuroscience Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital and South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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