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Sigmundová D, Voráčová J, Dygrýn J, Vorlíček M, Sigmund E. Parent-Child Associations in Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: The FAMIPASS Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:710. [PMID: 38929289 PMCID: PMC11202232 DOI: 10.3390/children11060710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Parent-child patterns in objectively measured movement behaviours were the highlight of this study. A total of 381 families (337 mothers, 256 fathers, 190 daughters, and 191 sons) from 36 randomly selected schools and kindergartens provided valid accelerometer data. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) were assessed using ActiGraph accelerometers. Spearman's rho was used to evaluate parent-child associations, while logistic regression analysis (the backward LR method) was used to recognize factors related to children's achievement of PA recommendations. Results indicated that girls engaged more in light PA, while boys showed higher levels of moderate and vigorous PA. Mothers spent less time sitting and more time in light PA compared to fathers, resulting in higher total PA levels. Father-son pairs showed a stronger association in total PA than mother-son pairs. Children aged 6-10 years and those with mothers who engaged in more vigorous PA were more likely to meet PA recommendations compared to younger children and those with less active mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Sigmundová
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (M.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Jaroslava Voráčová
- Department of Social Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Dygrýn
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (M.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Michal Vorlíček
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (M.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Erik Sigmund
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (M.V.); (E.S.)
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Górna S, Pazdro-Zastawny K, Basiak-Rasała A, Krajewska J, Kolator M, Cichy I, Rokita A, Zatoński T. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors in Polish children and adolescents. Arch Pediatr 2023; 30:42-47. [PMID: 36481164 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Participating in physical activity (PA) is essential for children's proper development. Promoting physical activity from early school years is considered a highly important prevention task for good health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of PA and sedentary behavior of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years attending primary and junior high schools in Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, Poland. The study assessed the frequency of various forms of PA and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents. The age differences in PA and sedentary behavior in the cohort studied was also analyzed. DESIGN Survey study to assess children's and adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior were based on a parent-reported questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2913 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years (average age, 11.38 years) from Wroclaw, Poland, who participated in a pro-health campaign "Let's Get the Kids Moving." This project promotes a healthy lifestyle among primary and middle school students. RESULTS The frequency of physical activity significantly decreased as children grew older (p < 0.0001). As many as 18.6% of adolescents 13-17 years old undertook the recommended level of physical activity less than once a week. Time spent in front of the television or computer by pupils in group 3 was longer than in younger children (p < 0.0001). Nearly 19% of adolescents (13-17 years old) spent 5 h or more daily in a sitting position in front of the television or computer on weekends. CONCLUSIONS Polish children and adolescents do not spend the recommended level of time on physical activity and spend excessive time in front of the television and other electronic devices. The level of physical activity decreases as the number of hours spent in a sitting position increases with increasing age. Actions should be taken to avoid the long-term consequences of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Górna
- Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im Eugeniusza Piaseckiego w Poznaniu, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pazdro-Zastawny
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Alicja Basiak-Rasała
- Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Krajewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kolator
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Cichy
- University School of Physical Education in Wrocław: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wroclawiu, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rokita
- University School of Physical Education in Wrocław: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wroclawiu, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zatoński
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland
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Parent Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:132-147. [PMID: 35016157 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this review were to describe exercise interventions, facilitators, and barriers to physical activity for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. METHODS A systematic review of the literature, appraising the validity of each article with Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt's level of evidence, from different databases CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science between 2000 and 2020 was conducted. As the initial search revealed no articles on exercise interventions and only 2 articles with children with autism spectrum disorder, the aim was widened to all parents of children. RESULTS Forty-five articles were identified on barriers to physical activity including being the primary caregiving parent, perception of guilt and selfishness, and adhering to exercise programs they do as part of research, once research ends. Facilitators for physical activity including parents being more likely to exercise if they can bring their child with them and parents preferring exercise that is a lifelong habit, such as walking. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of research on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, recommendations include development and testing of interventions for parents of children with this condition including family-based exercise interventions where children and parents have a choice to exercise together.
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Fernández-Martínez A, Dueñas-Dorado LA, Teva-Villén MR, Nuviala A. Consolidation, Stages of Change, and Loyalty among Users of Public Sports and Health Services Aged 12-16. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910113. [PMID: 34639415 PMCID: PMC8508134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are two main lines of inquiry in the literature on adherence and/or loyalty to the practice of physical activity and to health services: one focuses on the impact of perceived quality of sports and health services and satisfaction with these services on user loyalty, while the other concludes that users with more self-determined motivation at more advanced stages of physical activity display higher levels of physical activity and greater intentions to continue this activity. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of different dimensions of sports service quality on satisfaction and loyalty among users aged 12 to 16 years old and to identify any differences between adolescent users at more and less consolidated stages of physical activity. A total of 1717 minors with a mean age of 13.83 ± 1.32 years who practise organised physical activity at public sports centres in Nuevo León (Mexico), 51.5% of whom were boys, participated in the study. The model of structural equations linking quality, satisfaction, and loyalty displayed adequate indices. The results showed that the staff, specific activity, and user satisfaction are predictors of loyalty. Significant differences were only found between minors at consolidated and non-consolidated stages of physical activity in the relationship between service personnel and loyalty. In conclusion, human resources and their deployment are predictive of loyalty towards sports and health services among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Crta. de Utrera, Km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.F.-M.); (A.N.); Tel.: +34-954-977-602 (A.F.-M.)
| | - Luis Alberto Dueñas-Dorado
- Faculty of Sports Organisation, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon (Mexico), Cd. Universitaria, s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, N.L., Mexico;
| | - María Rosario Teva-Villén
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Crta. de Utrera, Km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Alberto Nuviala
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Crta. de Utrera, Km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.F.-M.); (A.N.); Tel.: +34-954-977-602 (A.F.-M.)
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Ha AS, Lonsdale C, Lubans DR, Ng FF, Ng JYY. Improving children's fundamental movement skills through a family-based physical activity program: results from the "Active 1 + FUN" randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:99. [PMID: 34273973 PMCID: PMC8285675 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is related to many positive health outcomes, yet activity levels of many children are low. Researchers have suggested that family-based interventions may improve physical activity behaviors of both children and their parents. In this study, we evaluated the “Active 1 + FUN” program, which was designed based on tenets of self-determination theory. Intervention components included free sporting equipment, ten coach-led workshops and activity sessions, and one booster session. Methods We evaluated the intervention program using a randomized controlled trial. One hundred seventy-one families were randomly allocated to either an experimental group or a wait-list control group. Participants were exposed to program contents over a nine-month period, while families in the control did not receive any form of intervention. Measured constructs included moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, co-physical activity behaviors, fundamental movement skills, BMI, and several self-reported questionnaire outcomes. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to compare changes in measured outcomes across the two groups. Results No significant intervention effects were found for children’s and parents’ accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or their co-physical activity. However, in terms of children’s fundamental movement skills, a significant Time*Group interaction (B = 0.52, 95% CI [0.07, 0.96] for Times 1 to 2; B = 0.24, 95% CI [0.01, 0.48] for Times 1 to 3) in favor of the experimental group was found. Conclusions Results suggested that the “Active 1 + FUN” program was effective in improving children’s fundamental movement skills. Additional research is needed to examine how family-based initiatives could effectively improve physical activity behaviors too. Trial registration ANZCTR, ACTRN12618001524280. Registered 11 September 2018, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375660. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01160-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Ha
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Kwok Sports Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 33 Berry Street, North Sydney, NSW, 2060, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Florrie F Ng
- Department of Educational Psychology, Ho Tim Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Johan Y Y Ng
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Tuominen PPA, Raitanen J, Husu P, Luoto RM, Kujala UM. Relationship between mothers' enjoyment and sedentary behavior and physical activity of mother-child dyads using a movement-to-music video program: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1659. [PMID: 33148211 PMCID: PMC7640412 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parental support and participation in physical activity (PA) with children and parents’ acting as a role model for less sedentary behaviors (SB) are critical factors for children’s healthier lifestyle. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between mothers’ enjoyment and participants’ sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) as a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) using data from Moving Sound RCT in the Pirkanmaa area of Finland. Methods The participants were 108 mother–child dyads (child age 5–7 years) who completed the eight-week exercise intervention using a movement-to-music video program in their homes. Mothers’ enjoyment was examined using a modified version of the enjoyment in sport questionnaire. The proportion of SB, standing, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, and Total PA were derived from accelerometers at baseline and during the final week of the intervention. Analyses were performed using linear mixed-effect models for (1) intervention and control groups, (2) groups based on mothers’ enjoyment. Results The results highlighted that mothers’ enjoyment of exercise with their children was overall high. Although there was no difference between the intervention and control groups, mothers in the intervention group increased their enjoyment during the intervention (p = 0.007). With mothers’ higher enjoyment at baseline, children’s light PA increased (p < 0.001), and with mothers’ lower enjoyment, children’s SB increased (p = 0.010). Further, if mothers’ enjoyment decreased during the study, their own LPA increased (p = 0.049), and their children’s SB increased (p = 0.013). If mothers’ enjoyment remained stable, children’s light PA (p = 0.002) and Total PA (p = 0.034) increased. Conclusions In this RCT, no differences were found between the intervention and control groups or groups based on mothers’ enjoyment, possibly due to the low power of the study. However, mothers’ enjoyment of exercise with their children increased within the intervention group, and mothers’ enjoyment influenced children’s SB and PA. For future studies, it would be essential to focus on children’s enjoyment and factors behind the behavior change. Trial registration The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NTC02270138, on October 2, 2014. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09773-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pipsa P A Tuominen
- University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. .,Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Degree program of Physiotherapy, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Jani Raitanen
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere, Finland
| | - Pauliina Husu
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta M Luoto
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Biotechnology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Ha AS, Chan W, Ng JYY. Relation between Perceived Barrier Profiles, Physical Literacy, Motivation and Physical Activity Behaviors among Parents with a Young Child. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124459. [PMID: 32575873 PMCID: PMC7345247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: to reveal distinct subgroups of parents by their perception of 6 types of physical activity barriers and challenges (i.e., lack of time, poor health, lack of company, lack of facilities, childcare responsibility, lack of motivation), and examine its relation with related constructs. Design: cross-sectional survey data. Method: the sample consisted of 424 parents who had at least 1 child of primary school age. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify latent subgroups within participants. Group differences on physical literacy, autonomous motivation, and self-report physical activity (PA) levels were explored. Results: a four-profile solution was obtained from latent profile analysis, labelled as: “Struggling” (29.0%), “Family burden” (41.3%), “Lazy” (13.0%), and “Barriers free” (16.7%). The “Barriers free” profile experienced the least difficulties with physical activity, but the “Struggling” profile suffered the most severe barriers and challenges. “Family burden” and “Lazy” profiles demonstrated qualitative differences on one or two given challenges. Significant group differences on physical literacy, autonomous motivation, and PA levels were found, showing the “Barriers free” profile as the most robust and adaptive group of parents. Conclusions: the findings suggest that it is common for a substantial portion of parents to experience multiple barriers and challenges to a relatively high degree. Intervention on raising parent’s physical literacy to reduce barriers and sustain their motivation may be a target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Ha
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (W.C.); (J.Y.Y.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wai Chan
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (W.C.); (J.Y.Y.N.)
| | - Johan Y. Y. Ng
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (W.C.); (J.Y.Y.N.)
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Petersen TL, Møller LB, Brønd JC, Jepsen R, Grøntved A. Association between parent and child physical activity: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:67. [PMID: 32423407 PMCID: PMC7236180 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood represents an important life stage for establishment of physical activity (PA) habits. Parents are assumed to play an important role in influencing children’s PA. Earlier reviews have mainly focused on parental modelling, encouragement, and support for PA, rather than the actual PA levels of parents. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to systematically summarize the evidence on the relationship between parent and child PA. Methods Papers were identified using electronic databases and manual searches of reference lists. Papers reporting on associations between objectively measured child PA and at least one measure of parental PA were included. The quality of the papers was assessed using a modified version of the ROBINS-I tool. For interpretation of the results across studies, we produced albatross plots for all studies combined and by age-groups, sex of the parents, sex of the child, methodology of assessment of parental PA, and type of PA. Results Thirty-nine papers were included with sample size of parent-child dyads ranging from 15 to 1267 (mean = 319 dyads, median = 227 dyads). The majority of studies were published from 2008 to 2018 and used accelerometry to assess PA. Most of the studies were classified as having moderate, serious, or critical risk of bias. The albatross plot for all studies combined showed that the clear majority of studies observed a positive relationship between parent and child PA. The plot suggested an average magnitude of correlation across studies to be around 0.13, and the overall impression was that this was fairly similar across child age-groups and gender of parent-child dyads. Studies using objective assessment of parental PA showed stronger relationship between parent and child PA compared with studies using self-report (average magnitude of correlation around 0.16 vs 0.04 respectively). No clear evidence was found for the strength of relationship being dependent on type of PA measure of parent and child (total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, steps), however, the relationship for light PA appeared weaker. Conclusion This systematic review showed that the clear majority of studies observed a weak positive relationship between parent and child PA regardless of age of the child, the gender of the parent-child dyad, and type of PA. Trial registration Registration in PROSPERO: CRD42019093462.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Lockenwitz Petersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark. .,Lolland-Falster Health Study, Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Fjordvej 15, 4800, Nykøbing F, Denmark. .,University College Absalon, Region Zealand, Bispegade 5, 4800, Nykøbing F, Denmark.
| | - Liselotte Bang Møller
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Fjordvej 15, Nykøbing F, 4800, Denmark
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Randi Jepsen
- Lolland-Falster Health Study, Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Fjordvej 15, 4800, Nykøbing F, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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Vaquero-Solís M, Amado Alonso D, Sánchez-Oliva D, Sánchez-Miguel P, Iglesias-Gallego D. INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN LA ADOLESCENCIA: MOTIVACIÓN Y ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2020.77.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Emm-Collison LG, Sebire SJ, Salway R, Thompson JL, Jago R. Multidimensional motivation for exercise: A latent profile and transition analysis. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2020; 47:101619. [PMID: 32127781 PMCID: PMC7015274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To: a) identify motivational profiles for exercise, using Self-Determination Theory as a theoretical framework, among a sample of parents of UK primary school children; b) explore the movement between motivational profiles over a five year period; and c) examine differences across these profiles in terms of gender, physical activity and BMI. DESIGN Data were from the B-Proact1v cohort. METHODS 2555 parents of British primary school children participated across three phases when the child was aged 5-6, 8-9, and 10-11. Parents completed a multidimensional measure of motivation for exercise and wore an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer for five days in each phase. Latent profile and transition analyses were conducted using a three-step approach in MPlus. RESULTS Six profiles were identified, comprising different combinations of motivation types. Between each timepoint, moving between profiles was more likely than remaining in the same one. People with a more autonomous profile at a previous timepoint were unlikely to move to more controlled or amotivated profiles. At all three timepoints, more autonomous profiles were associated with higher levels of MVPA and lower BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results show that people's motivation for exercise can be described in coherent and consistent profiles which are made up of multiple and simultaneous types of motivation. More autonomous motivation profiles were more enduring over time, indicating that promoting more autonomous motivational profiles may be central to facilitating longer-term physical activity engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia G. Emm-Collison
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Simon J. Sebire
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Ruth Salway
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Janice L. Thompson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
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Emm-Collison LG, Jago R, Salway R, Thompson JL, Sebire SJ. Longitudinal associations between parents' motivations to exercise and their moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2019; 43:343-349. [PMID: 31417335 PMCID: PMC6686967 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is the first examination of the longitudinal associations between behavioural regulation and accelerometer-assessed physical activity in parents of primary-school aged children. DESIGN A cohort design using data from the B-Proact1v project. METHOD There were three measurement phases over five years. Exercise motivation was measured using the BREQ-2 and mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were derived from ActiGraph accelerometers worn for a minimum of 3 days. Cross-sectional associations were explored via linear regression models using parent data from the final two phases of the B-Proact1v cohort, when children were 8-9 years-old (925 parents, 72.3% mothers) and 10 to 11 years-old (891 parents, 72.6% mothers). Longitudinal associations across all three phases were explored using multi-level models on data from all parents who provided information on at least one occasion (2374 parents). All models were adjusted for gender, number of children, deprivation indices and school-based clustering. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, identified regulation was associated with 5.43 (95% CI [2.56, 8.32]) and 4.88 (95% CI [1.94, 7.83]) minutes more MVPA per day at times 2 and 3 respectively. In the longitudinal model, a one-unit increase in introjected regulation was associated with a decline in mean daily MVPA of 0.52 (95% CI [-0.88, -0.16]) minutes per year. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to promote the internalisation of personally meaningful rationales for being active, whilst ensuring that feelings of guilt are not fostered, may offer promise for facilitating greater long-term physical activity engagement in parents of primary school age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia G. Emm-Collison
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Ruth Salway
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Janice L. Thompson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Simon J. Sebire
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
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12
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Goals Matter: Exercising for Well-Being But Not Health or Appearance Predicts Future Exercise Among Parents. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:857-865. [PMID: 30314419 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many parents are insufficiently active. Further research is needed to understand the goals that drive sustained exercise participation among parents. The purpose of this study was to use self-determination theory derived constructs to examine the relationship between parents' exercise goals and their autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and exercise behavior across 1 year. METHODS Mothers (n = 226) and fathers (n = 70) of children less than 16 years completed the Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 and, 1 year later, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the longitudinal relationships between exercise goals and autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and leisure-time exercise. RESULTS All goals except weight management were significantly associated with autonomous motivation, whereas only weight and appearance goals predicted controlled motivation. Exercising for stress management and revitalization, but not health- or appearance-related goals, was significantly related to exercise behavior over 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Only goals related to immediate affective outcomes were associated with both autonomous motivation and exercise behavior over time. These findings support recent calls to "rebrand exercise" as a means to improve daily well-being. Such goals may drive parents to prioritize exercise because they value the immediate benefits it provides.
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13
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Castro-Sánchez M, Chacón-Cuberos R, Ubago-Jiménez JL, Zafra-Santos E, Zurita-Ortega F. An Explanatory Model for the Relationship between Motivation in Sport, Victimization, and Video Game Use in Schoolchildren. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091866. [PMID: 30158454 PMCID: PMC6164500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Society is changing amazingly fast, and this is bringing about changes in the way that people spend their free time. In the 21st century, free time is increasingly spent using technological devices such as video games, thus increasing levels of sedentariness. The aim of the present study was to define an explanatory model for the problematic use of video games, physical activity, motivational climate in sports, and victimization in schoolchildren, and to analyze the relationships between these variables according to gender; (2) Methods: A total of 734 schoolchildren, of both sexes, participated in this research study. They were aged from 10 to 12 and lived in the province of Granada (Spain). The main instruments used were the questionnaires PMCSQ-2, PAQ-C, QERV, and SVS. A multigroup structural equation model was used, which had an excellent fit (χ2 = 319.472; df = 72; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.962; NFI = 0.952; IFI = 0.962; RMSEA = 0.048); (3) Results: The practice of physical activity was related negatively and indirectly to the problematic use of video games ((r = −0.085, boys); (r = −0.081, girls)), and this in turn was related positively and directly to victimization ((r = 0.094, boys); (r = 0.174, girls)). Additionally, task climate was inversely related to the problematic use of video games for girls (r = −0.133), and ego climate was directly related to the use of these devices only with regard to boys (r = 0.250). (4) Conclusions: It must be noted that schoolchildren’s pathological use of video games is closely related to lower levels of physical activity. In addition, those motivational climates in sports that are oriented towards performance exacerbate this pathological behavior, which accentuates the importance of promoting motivational climates that are oriented towards tasks in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Luis Ubago-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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14
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Solomon-Moore E, Matthews J, Reid T, Toumpakari Z, Sebire SJ, Thompson JL, Lawlor DA, Jago R. Examining the challenges posed to parents by the contemporary screen environments of children: a qualitative investigation. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:129. [PMID: 29626932 PMCID: PMC5889845 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquity of technology in modern society has led to the American Academy of Pediatrics adapting their screen-viewing (SV) recommendations for children. The revised guidelines encourage families to identify an appropriate balance between SV and other activities. The aims of this study were to explore parents' views of their child's SV time and how important it is for families to achieve a 'digital balance'. METHODS Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 51 parents of 8-9-year-old children, between July and October 2016. Inductive and deductive content analyses were used to explore parents' perceptions of their child's level of SV (low, medium, high), how parents feel about child SV, and the importance placed on achieving a digital balance. Parent report of child SV behaviours on weekdays and weekend days were assessed via questionnaire. RESULTS Interview data revealed that because SV is considered the 'norm', parents struggle to limit it, partly because they want their children to be equipped for the modern technological world. While most parents believe SV to have negative effects on children, parents also report advantages to SV. Many parents feel that not all SV is equal, with tablets considered worse than television because of the isolated nature of activities, and educational SV considered more beneficial than non-educational SV. Most parents feel it is important for their family to achieve a digital balance, primarily to spend more quality family time together. Large variation was observed in parents' descriptions of child SV time on weekdays and weekend days. CONCLUSIONS Parents recognise the importance of digital balance but want their children to fit into the ever-advancing digital world. Parents do not treat all SV equally. Watching television and engaging in educational SV may be encouraged, while 'playing' on tablets is discouraged. These findings highlight the challenge faced by researchers and policy makers to help families achieve a digital balance, and strategies are needed to support parents to plan child SV time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Solomon-Moore
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Joe Matthews
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ UK
| | - Thomas Reid
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ UK
| | - Zoi Toumpakari
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ UK
| | - Simon J. Sebire
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ UK
| | - Janice L. Thompson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ UK
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15
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Guo Z, Chen P. Associations between parental support for physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among Chinese school children: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:410-415. [PMID: 30356620 PMCID: PMC6189258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the associations between parental support for physical activity (PA) and levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among Chinese school children. METHODS Study participants were 81,857 school-aged children (aged 9-17 years; mean age = 13 years; 49.0% boys) and their parents or guardians who took part in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study project. The independent variables included various forms of parental support for PA ascertained through a survey completed by parents or guardians. The dependent variable was the children's average MVPA in minutes per day by self-report. Structure equation modeling was used to examine the associations between parental support for PA and children's MVPA minutes. RESULTS The overall mean for MVPA participation time for the child participants was 48.82 ± 28.71 min/day. Significant associations between various forms of parental support and MVPA among children were found. Parental encouragement, accompanying, financial support, involvement, and role modeling for PA were positively associated with a high level of student MVPA participation. Parental PA knowledge-sharing was not associated with MVPA. The patterns of the associations were similar across sex, residence locale (i.e., urban and rural), and school grades (primary, junior middle, and junior high schools). CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest that, among Chinese school children, parental support for PA is important in promoting and facilitating children's participation in MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zongchen Guo
- Educational Management Information Center, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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16
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Jago R, Solomon-Moore E, Macdonald-Wallis C, Thompson JL, Lawlor DA, Sebire SJ. Association of parents' and children's physical activity and sedentary time in Year 4 (8-9) and change between Year 1 (5-6) and Year 4: a longitudinal study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:110. [PMID: 28818108 PMCID: PMC5561613 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents could be important influences on child physical activity and parents are often encouraged to be more active with their child. This paper examined the association between parent and child physical activity and sedentary time in a UK cohort of children assessed when the children were in Year 1 (5–6 years old) and in Year 4 (8–9 years old). Methods One thousand two hundred twenty three children and parents provided data in Year 4 and of these 685 participated in Year 1. Children and parents wore an accelerometer for five days including a weekend. Mean minutes of sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) were derived. Multiple imputation was used to impute all missing data and create complete datasets. Linear regression models examined whether parent MVPA and sedentary time at Year 4 and at Year 1 predicted child MVPA and sedentary time at Year 4. Change in parent MVPA and sedentary time was used to predict change in child MVPA and sedentary time between Year 1 and Year 4. Results Imputed data showed that at Year 4, female parent sedentary time was associated with child sedentary time (0.13, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.27 mins/day), with a similar association for male parents (0.15, 95% CI = −0.02 to 0.32 mins/day). Female parent and child MVPA at Year 4 were associated (0.16, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.23 mins/day) with a smaller association for male parents (0.08, 95% CI = −0.01 to 0.17 mins/day). There was little evidence that either male or female parent MVPA at Year 1 predicted child MVPA at Year 4 with similar associations for sedentary time. There was little evidence that change in parent MVPA or sedentary time predicted change in child MVPA or sedentary time respectively. Conclusions Parents who were more physically active when their child was 8–9 years old had a child who was more active, but the magnitude of association was generally small. There was little evidence that parental activity from three years earlier predicted child activity at age 8–9, or that change in parent activity predicted change in child activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0565-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK.
| | - Emma Solomon-Moore
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Corrie Macdonald-Wallis
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Janice L Thompson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Simon J Sebire
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
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