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Yun S, Seo Y, Lee Y, Lee DT. Gut microbiome related to metabolic diseases after moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:375-382. [PMID: 39185003 PMCID: PMC11342187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in gut microbiota related to metabolic diseases after moderate and high-intensity exercise. A total of 24 participants were divided into three groups: Non-Exercise Group (NEG, n = 8, 28.6 ± 5.3 years, 176.0 ± 7.8 cm, 81.3 ± 14.6 kg), Moderate Intensity Exercise Group (MIEG, n = 8, 26.5 ± 3.3 years, 176.9 ± 5.0 cm, 75.4 ± 9.5 kg), and Vigorous Intensity Exercise Group (VIEG, n = 8, 30.6 ± 5.9 years, 174.2 ± 3.5 cm, 77.8 ± 12.2 kg). Methods The participants were selected by assessing physical activity, gut health status, presence of diseases, recent disease diagnoses, and dietary disorders. Those who reported any presence disease or recent disease diagnosis were excluded from the current study. Stool samples were collected after a 10-h fast for gut microbiome analysis. MIEG participants trained at 40-59 % heart rate reserve (HRR) for at least 150 min per week, while VIEG participants trained at ≥ 60 % HRR for at least 90 min per week. After 4 weeks, all participants provided stool samples for gut microbiome analysis.Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon test, with statistical significance set at ≤ 0.05. Results The results indicated an increase in Prevotella in MIEG, while Veillonella, Dorea_formicigenerans, and Dorea_longicatena exhibited a decrease (p < 0.05). In VIEG, there was an increase in Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, Odoribacter, and Alistipes (p < 0.05). Conclusion These modified microbial groups were associated with factors related to metabolic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, colorectal cancer, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic liver diseases, and ischemic heart diseases. Additional research is essential to delve into the relationship between exercise and these alterations in the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunbin Lee
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Taek Lee
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Quaresma MVLDS, Mancin L, Paoli A, Mota JF. The interplay between gut microbiome and physical exercise in athletes. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:428-433. [PMID: 39083429 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gut microbiome regulates several health and disease-related processes. However, the potential bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and physical exercise remains uncertain. Here, we review the evidence related to the gut microbiome in athletes. RECENT FINDINGS The effect of physical exercise on the intestinal microbiome and intestinal epithelial cells depends on the type, volume, and intensity of the activity. Strenuous exercise negatively impacts the intestinal microbiome, but adequate training and dietary planning could mitigate these effects. An increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations can modulate signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, contributing to greater metabolic efficiency, preserving muscle glycogen, and consequently optimizing physical performance and recovery. Furthermore, higher SCFAs concentrations appear to lower inflammatory response, consequently preventing an exacerbated immune response and reducing the risk of infections among athletes. Regarding dietary interventions, the optimal diet composition for targeting the athlete's microbiome is not yet known. Likewise, the benefits or harms of using probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics are not well established, whereas prebiotics appear to optimize SCFAs production. SUMMARY The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating health, performance, and recovery in athletes. SCFAs appear to be the main intestinal metabolite related to these effects. Nutritional strategies focusing on the intestinal microbiome need to be developed and tested in well controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Mancin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - João Felipe Mota
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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3
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Zhao R. Can exercise benefits be harnessed with drugs? A new way to combat neurodegenerative diseases by boosting neurogenesis. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:36. [PMID: 39049102 PMCID: PMC11271207 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is affected by multiple factors, such as enriched environment, exercise, ageing, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders can impair AHN, leading to progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Compelling evidence suggests that individuals engaged in regular exercise exhibit higher production of proteins that are essential for AHN and memory. Interestingly, specific molecules that mediate the effects of exercise have shown effectiveness in promoting AHN and cognition in different transgenic animal models. Despite these advancements, the precise mechanisms by which exercise mimetics induce AHN remain partially understood. Recently, some novel exercise molecules have been tested and the underlying mechanisms have been proposed, involving intercommunications between multiple organs such as muscle-brain crosstalk, liver-brain crosstalk, and gut-brain crosstalk. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence regarding the effects and potential mechanisms of exercise mimetics on AHN and cognition in various neurological disorders. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, 88 South Daxue Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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4
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Zhang L, Li H, Song Z, Liu Y, Zhang X. Dietary Strategies to Improve Exercise Performance by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:1680. [PMID: 38890909 PMCID: PMC11171530 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous research studies have shown that moderate physical exercise exerts positive effects on gastrointestinal tract health and increases the variety and relative number of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota. Increasingly, studies have shown that the gut microbiota is critical for energy metabolism, immunological response, oxidative stress, skeletal muscle metabolism, and the regulation of the neuroendocrine system, which are significant for the physiological function of exercise. Dietary modulation targeting the gut microbiota is an effective prescription for improving exercise performance and alleviating exercise fatigue. This article discusses the connection between exercise and the makeup of the gut microbiota, as well as the detrimental effects of excessive exercise on gut health. Herein, we elaborate on the possible mechanism of the gut microbiota in improving exercise performance, which involves enhancing skeletal muscle function, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the neuroendocrine system. The effects of dietary nutrition strategies and probiotic supplementation on exercise from the perspective of the gut microbiota are also discussed in this paper. A deeper understanding of the potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota exerts positive effects on exercise and dietary nutrition recommendations targeting the gut microbiota is significant for improving exercise performance. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the intricate mechanisms at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Zheyi Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
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5
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Yang K, Chen Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Hou H, Mao YH. The Improvement and Related Mechanism of Microecologics on the Sports Performance and Post-Exercise Recovery of Athletes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1602. [PMID: 38892536 PMCID: PMC11174581 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity and functionality of gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the function of human motor-related systems. In addition to traditional nutritional supplements, there is growing interest in microecologics due to their potential to enhance sports performance and facilitate post-exercise recovery by modulating the gut microecological environment. However, there is a lack of relevant reviews on this topic. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies investigating the effects of various types of microecologics, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, on enhancing sports performance and facilitating post-exercise recovery by regulating energy metabolism, mitigating oxidative-stress-induced damage, modulating immune responses, and attenuating bone loss. Although further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which microecologics exert their effects. In summary, this study aims to provide scientific evidence for the future development of microecologics in athletics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keer Yang
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Yonglin Chen
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Minghan Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Yishuo Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Haoyang Hou
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
| | - Yu-Heng Mao
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (K.Y.); (Y.C.); (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (H.H.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Human Sports Performance Science, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
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6
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Kopczyńska J, Kowalczyk M. The potential of short-chain fatty acid epigenetic regulation in chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380476. [PMID: 38605957 PMCID: PMC11008232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation, often occurring together, significantly contribute to severe metabolic and inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. A key player is elevated levels of gut dysbiosis-associated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which disrupts metabolic and immune signaling leading to metabolic endotoxemia, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) beneficially regulate these processes during homeostasis. SCFAs not only safeguard the gut barrier but also exert metabolic and immunomodulatory effects via G protein-coupled receptor binding and epigenetic regulation. SCFAs are emerging as potential agents to counteract dysbiosis-induced epigenetic changes, specifically targeting metabolic and inflammatory genes through DNA methylation, histone acetylation, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). To assess whether SCFAs can effectively interrupt the detrimental cascade of obesity and inflammation, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence for their clinical application. The review emphasizes factors influencing SCFA production, the intricate connections between metabolism, the immune system, and the gut microbiome, and the epigenetic mechanisms regulated by SCFAs that impact metabolism and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kopczyńska
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Ostrowska J, Samborowska E, Jaworski M, Toczyłowska K, Szostak-Węgierek D. The Potential Role of SCFAs in Modulating Cardiometabolic Risk by Interacting with Adiposity Parameters and Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:266. [PMID: 38257159 PMCID: PMC10818948 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the influence of lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, sleep) that can affect the concentration of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and SCFAs' potential role in modulating cardiometabolic disease risk by interacting with biochemical and body composition parameters. The study comprised 77 healthy, non-obese individuals aged 30-45 years who were assessed for the concentration of SCFAs in stool, diet, physical activity level, and sleep duration. Moreover, body composition measurement and patients' biochemical parameters were included in the analysis. We have indicated a significant negative correlation between several SCFAs (especially acetic acid (AA), isobutyric acid (IBA), butyric acid (BA), propionic acid (PA), isovaleric acid (IVA) and valeric acid (VA)) with BMI, VAT/SAT ratio (visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio), and percentage of fat mass in a group of females enrolled in the study as well as with waist circumference (WC) in case of both sexes included in the study. Moreover, the results of our study acknowledged the importance of a diet in shaping the SCFA profile-we noticed significant negative associations between energy and fat intake and some SCFAs in males (IBA, IVA, VA, isocaproic acid (ICA)). Further, we indicated that a high intake of fiber (insoluble and soluble) in both males and females results in an elevated concentration of the vast majority of SCFAs and the amount of SCFAs in total. This effect was particularly noticeable in the case of the soluble fraction of fiber. These correlations reflect the fact that diet shapes the composition of the gut microbiota and SCFAs (main microbial metabolites) are synthesized from dietary fiber. In addition, we noticed that in a group of women, the concentration of AA, PA, and ICA as well as the total concentration of SCFAs showed a significant positive association with their sleep duration. We concluded that SCFAs can have a potential role in modulating cardiometabolic disease risk by interacting with adiposity parameters and diet. In addition, this potential direct link between diet and SCFAs may at least partly contribute to sleep improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ostrowska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Samborowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-360 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Toczyłowska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Ismaeel A, Valentino TR, Burke B, Goh J, Saliu TP, Albathi F, Owen A, McCarthy JJ, Wen Y. Acetate and succinate benefit host muscle energetics as exercise-associated post-biotics. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15848. [PMID: 37940330 PMCID: PMC10632089 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiome has emerged as a potent modulator of exercise-induced systemic adaptation and appears to be crucial for mediating some of the benefits of exercise. This study builds upon previous evidence establishing a gut microbiome-skeletal muscle axis, identifying exercise-induced changes in microbiome composition. Metagenomics sequencing of fecal samples from non-exercise-trained controls or exercise-trained mice was conducted. Biodiversity indices indicated exercise training did not change alpha diversity. However, there were notable differences in beta-diversity between trained and untrained microbiomes. Exercise significantly increased the level of the bacterial species Muribaculaceae bacterium DSM 103720. Computation simulation of bacterial growth was used to predict metabolites that accumulate under in silico culture of exercise-responsive bacteria. We identified acetate and succinate as potential gut microbial metabolites that are produced by Muribaculaceae bacterium, which were then administered to mice during a period of mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy. Although no differences were observed for the overall muscle growth response to succinate or acetate administration during the first 5 days of mechanical overload-induced hypertrophy, acetate and succinate increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. When given as post-biotics, succinate or acetate treatment may improve oxidative metabolism during muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - Benjamin Burke
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Jensen Goh
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Tolulope P. Saliu
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Fatmah Albathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Allison Owen
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Athletic TrainingCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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Dou L, Liu C, Chen X, Yang Z, Hu G, Zhang M, Sun L, Su L, Zhao L, Jin Y. Supplemental Clostridium butyricum modulates skeletal muscle development and meat quality by shaping the gut microbiota of lambs. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109235. [PMID: 37301103 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the contributions of Clostridium butyricum on skeletal muscle development, gastrointestinal flora and meat quality of lambs. Eighteen Dorper (♂) × Small Tailed Han sheep (♀) crossed ewe lambs of similar weight (27.43 ± 1.94 kg; age, 88 ± 5 days) were divided into two dietary treatments. The control group was fed the basal diet (C group), and the probiotic group was supplemented with C. butyricum on the basis of the C group (2.5 × 108 cfu/g, 5 g/day/lamb; P group) for 90 d. The results showed that dietary C. butyricum elevated growth performance, muscle mass, muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area, and decreased the shear force value of meat (P < 0.05). Moreover, C. butyricum supplementation accelerated protein synthesis by regulating the gene expression of IGF-1/Akt/mTOR pathway. We identified 54 differentially expressed proteins that regulated skeletal muscle development through different mechanisms by quantitative proteomics. These proteins were associated with ubiquitin-protease, apoptosis, muscle structure, energy metabolism, heat shock, and oxidative stress. The metagenomics sequencing results showed that Petrimonas at the genus level and Prevotella brevis at the species level in the rumen, while Lachnoclostridium, Alloprevotella and Prevotella at the genus level in the feces, were significantly enriched in the P group. Also, butyric acid and valeric acid levels were elevated in both rumen and feces of the P group. Overall, our results support the idea that C. butyricum could change gastrointestinal flora, and affect skeletal muscle development and meat quality of lambs by modulating gut-muscle axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Vocational College of Chemical Engineering, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Guanhua Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lina Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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10
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Hadžić E, Starcevic A, Rupčić T, Zucko J, Čvrljak T, Renko I, Knjaz D, Novak D. Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibre on Exercise Performance and Perception of Fatigue in Young Basketball Players. Food Technol Biotechnol 2023; 61:389-401. [PMID: 38022878 PMCID: PMC10666946 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.61.03.23.8124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research background In this study, we investigated the effects of soluble dietary fibre on improving neuromuscular and cardiovascular endurance and perception of fatigue in a closely monitored group of basketball players. Prebiotics have been sidelined in sports nutrition and their effect on performance remains poorly investigated and understood. Experimental approach Eighteen healthy male basketball players were divided into two groups; one received 17 g/day of soluble dietary fibre (Nutriose®) for four weeks and the other group received placebo. Their morphological characteristics, neuromuscular and cardiovascular endurance, and rating of perceived exertion according to the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale were assessed. Measurements were taken before supplementation and after four weeks of supplementation. Faecal samples were collected from all participants immediately before and after the supplementation period, their total DNA extracted and sent for amplicon sequencing. Results and conclusions In this study, fibre had no statistically significant effect on the vertical-type explosive power, no statistically significant effect on sprint-type explosive power, nor on aerobic and anaerobic endurance in the experimental group. Soluble fibre had a statistically significant effect on reducing the rating of perceived exertion of basketball players during the competitive part of the season (RPE 7.27±0.04 versus 8.82±0.81). This was confirmed by two-way ANOVA with replication, which showed that within-group interaction (p=0.0193), before and after dietary intake (p=0.0049), and between-group interaction before and after dietary intake (p=0.0313) had a significant effect on the result. The overall conclusion of the study is that soluble dietary fibre supplementation does not improve neuromuscular and cardiovascular endurance over a 4-week period. However, fibre supplementation could have a significant effect on reducing the rating of perceived exertion, as shown by the statistics. Both amplicon sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics results suggest that this could be the result of the beneficial effect on the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. Novelty and scientific contribution This work highlights the importance of prebiotics in sports nutrition. Dietary fibre has been a neglected component of sports nutrition. This study demonstrated a statistically significant positive effect on the perception of fatigue, highlighting the need for further studies in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Hadžić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Starcevic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Rupčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toni Čvrljak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ira Renko
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Knjaz
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Novak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Kim YJ, Baek JH, Kim HS, Kim IY, Seong JK. Microbiota influences host exercise capacity via modulation of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in mice. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1820-1830. [PMID: 37542180 PMCID: PMC10474268 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota enhances exercise performance and regulates host physiology and energy metabolism by producing beneficial metabolites via bacterial fermentation. In this study, we discovered that germ-free (GF) mice had a reduced capacity for aerobic exercise as well as low oxygen consumption rates and glucose availability. Surprisingly, GF mice showed lower body weight gain and lower fat mass than specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that these paradoxical phenotypes could be mediated by a compensatory increase in lipolysis in adipose tissues owing to impaired glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. Our data revealed that gut microbiota depletion impairs host aerobic exercise capacity via the deterioration of glucose storage and utilization. The improved browning ability of GF mice may have contributed to the lean phenotype and negatively affected energy generation. These adaptations limit obesity in GF mice but impede their immediate fuel supply during exercise, resulting in decreased exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Baek
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Su Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Khan I. Editorial: Nutrition to support gut health and the microbiome in athletes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207543. [PMID: 37266129 PMCID: PMC10230012 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
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13
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Tongthong T, Kaewduangduen W, Phuengmaung P, Chancharoenthana W, Leelahavanichkul A. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus dfa1 Attenuate Cecal Ligation-Induced Systemic Inflammation through the Interference in Gut Dysbiosis, Leaky Gut, and Enterocytic Cell Energy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043756. [PMID: 36835163 PMCID: PMC9960508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an uncommon condition, the clinical management of phlegmon appendicitis (retention of the intra-abdominal appendiceal abscess) is still controversial, and probiotics might be partly helpful. Then, the retained ligated cecal appendage (without gut obstruction) with or without oral Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus dfa1 (started at 4 days prior to the surgery) was used as a representative model. At 5 days post-surgery, the cecal-ligated mice demonstrated weight loss, soft stool, gut barrier defect (leaky gut using FITC-dextran assay), fecal dysbiosis (increased Proteobacteria with reduced bacterial diversity), bacteremia, elevated serum cytokines, and spleen apoptosis without kidney and liver damage. Interestingly, the probiotics attenuated disease severity as indicated by stool consistency index, FITC-dextran assay, serum cytokines, spleen apoptosis, fecal microbiota analysis (reduced Proteobacteria), and mortality. Additionally, impacts of anti-inflammatory substances from culture media of the probiotics were demonstrated by attenuation of starvation injury in the Caco-2 enterocyte cell line as indicated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), inflammatory markers (supernatant IL-8 with gene expression of TLR4 and NF-κB), cell energy status (extracellular flux analysis), and the reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde). In conclusion, gut dysbiosis and leaky-gut-induced systemic inflammation might be helpful clinical parameters for patients with phlegmon appendicitis. Additionally, the leaky gut might be attenuated by some beneficial molecules from probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongthong Tongthong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Warerat Kaewduangduen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-256-4251
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Chew W, Lim YP, Lim WS, Chambers ES, Frost G, Wong SH, Ali Y. Gut-muscle crosstalk. A perspective on influence of microbes on muscle function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1065365. [PMID: 36698827 PMCID: PMC9868714 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1065365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our gastrointestinal system functions to digest and absorb ingested food, but it is also home to trillions of microbes that change across time, nutrition, lifestyle, and disease conditions. Largely commensals, these microbes are gaining prominence with regards to how they collectively affect the function of important metabolic organs, from the adipose tissues to the endocrine pancreas to the skeletal muscle. Muscle, as the biggest utilizer of ingested glucose and an important reservoir of body proteins, is intricately linked with homeostasis, and with important anabolic and catabolic functions, respectively. Herein, we provide a brief overview of how gut microbiota may influence muscle health and how various microbes may in turn be altered during certain muscle disease states. Specifically, we discuss recent experimental and clinical evidence in support for a role of gut-muscle crosstalk and include suggested underpinning molecular mechanisms that facilitate this crosstalk in health and diseased conditions. We end with a brief perspective on how exercise and pharmacological interventions may interface with the gut-muscle axis to improve muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Chew
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Peng Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward S. Chambers
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore,Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Yusuf Ali ✉
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15
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Lee CC, Liao YC, Lee MC, Cheng YC, Chiou SY, Lin JS, Huang CC, Watanabe K. Different Impacts of Heat-Killed and Viable Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on Exercise Performance, Fatigue, Body Composition, and Gut Microbiota in Humans. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2181. [PMID: 36363775 PMCID: PMC9692508 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10, a probiotic strain, has been demonstrated to improve exercise performance, regulate body composition, and ameliorate age-related declines. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of viable and heat-killed TWK10 in the regulation of exercise performance, body composition, and gut microbiota in humans. Healthy adults (n = 53) were randomly divided into three groups: Control, TWK10 (viable TWK10, 3 × 1011 colony forming units/day), and TWK10-hk (heat-killed TWK10, 3 × 1011 cells/day) groups. After six-week administration, both the TWK10 and TWK10-hk groups had significantly improved exercise performance and fatigue-associated features and reduced exercise-induced inflammation, compared with controls. Viable TWK10 significantly promoted improved body composition, by increasing muscle mass proportion and reducing fat mass. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated significantly increasing trends in the relative abundances of Akkermansiaceae and Prevotellaceae in subjects receiving viable TWK10. Predictive metagenomic profiling revealed that heat-killed TWK10 administration significantly enhanced the signaling pathways involved in amino acid metabolisms, while glutathione metabolism, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways were enriched by viable TWK10. In conclusion, viable and heat-killed TWK10 had similar effects in improving exercise performance and attenuating exercise-induced inflammatory responses as probiotics and postbiotics, respectively. Viable TWK10 was also highly effective in regulating body composition. The differences in efficacy between viable and heat-killed TWK10 may be due to differential impacts in shaping gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chia Lee
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Cheng
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Yun Chiou
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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16
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Kayacan Y, Kola AZ, Guandalini S, Yazar H, Söğüt MÜ. The Use of Probiotics Combined with Exercise Affects Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis, an Oxidative Stress Parameter. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173555. [PMID: 36079815 PMCID: PMC9460532 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal microbiota play a role in the health and performance of athletes, and can be influenced by probiotics. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the use of probiotics combined with chronic exercise on the thiol/disulfide homeostasis, a novel marker of oxidative stress. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (Cn), exercise (Ex), probiotics (P), and probiotics + exercise (PEx). A capsule containing 6 × 108 CFU of L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, L. acidophilus, and B. lactis was given daily for eight weeks to all the experimental animals. The total thiol (TT, μmol/L) and native thiol (NT, μmol/L) concentrations were measured to determine the oxidative stress parameters. The dynamic disulfide (DD, %), reduced thiol (RT, %), oxidized thiol (OT, %), and thiol oxidation reduction (TOR, %) ratios were analyzed. Results: The TT level was found to be significantly higher in the Ex group (p = 0.047, η2 = 0.259). The DD level, a marker of oxidation, was significantly lower in the PEx group (p = 0.042, η2 = 0.266); the highest value of this parameter was found in the Ex group. The use of probiotics alone had no effect on thiol/disulfide homeostasis. Conclusions: We showed, for the first time, that probiotics administered “with exercise” decreased dynamic disulfide and significantly reduced oxidative damage. Therefore, we speculate that the use of probiotics in sports involving intense exercise might be beneficial to reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yıldırım Kayacan
- Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Aybike Zeynep Kola
- Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Stefano Guandalini
- Pediatrics-Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Hayrullah Yazar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya 54050, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Ünlü Söğüt
- Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
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17
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Ruiz-Iglesias P, Massot-Cladera M, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Franch À, Camps-Bossacoma M, Castell M, Pérez-Cano FJ. A Cocoa Diet Can Partially Attenuate the Alterations in Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity Induced by a Single Session of Intensive Exercise in Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861533. [PMID: 35479747 PMCID: PMC9036086 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following intensive sports events, a higher rate of upper respiratory tract infections and the appearance of gastrointestinal symptomatology have been reported. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a cocoa-enriched diet on the cecal microbiota and mucosal immune system of rats submitted to high-intensity acute exercise, as well as to elucidate the involvement of cocoa fiber in such effects. Methods Wistar rats were fed either a standard diet, a diet containing 10% cocoa providing 5% fiber and a diet containing only 5% cocoa fiber. After 25 days, half of the rats of each diet performed an exhaustion running test. Sixteen hours later, samples were obtained to assess, among others, the cecal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) composition, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer’s patches (PPs) lymphocyte composition, and immunoglobulin (Ig) content in salivary glands. Results The intake of cocoa, partially due to its fiber content, improved the SCFA production, prevented some changes in PPs and in MLNs lymphocyte composition and also decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Cocoa diet, contrary to cocoa fiber, did not prevent the lower salivary IgM induced by exercise. Conclusion A cocoa dietary intake can partially attenuate the alterations in microbiota and mucosal immunity induced by a single session of intensive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria J. Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Àngels Franch
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Mariona Camps-Bossacoma
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Margarida Castell,
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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Increased physical activity improves gut microbiota composition and reduces short-chain fatty acid concentrations in older adults with insomnia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2265. [PMID: 35145140 PMCID: PMC8831598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) can improve functional abilities, well-being, and independence in older adults with insomnia. Studies have shown that PA may be linked to changes in the gut microbiota composition and its metabolites' concentrations. This association among older adults with insomnia, however, is yet to be determined. We explored the relationships between physical activity (PA) levels, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in this population. Forty-nine community-dwelling adults with insomnia symptoms, aged 65 and older, participated in this study. Their average daily step-count and sleep continuity measures over a two-week period were calculated based on Actigraphic recordings. Each participant provided fecal samples for the microbiome and SCFA analyses, anthropometric measures, and information via questionnaires on medical history and food consumption. The gut microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations were determined by next-generation sequencing and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Participants were divided into two groups (more and less active) according to their median step/day count. We compared the microbiota abundance and SCFA concentrations between groups and performed correlation analysis between gut microbiota abundances and study variables. Different microbiota taxa in each PA group and increased SCFAs in feces of less active individuals were found. Changes in step counts were positively or negatively associated with the relative abundance of 19 ASVs, 3 microorganisms at the family level, and 11 microorganisms at the genus level. Furthermore, significant associations were discovered among physical activity, gut microbiota, SCFAs, and sleep parameters. Our findings provide new insights on the relationship between PA, gut microbiota composition, and primary metabolites in older adults with insomnia.
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Shih MK, Tain YL, Cheng CM, Hsu CN, Chen YW, Huang HT, Chang CI, Hou CY. Separation and Identification of Resveratrol Butyrate Ester Complexes and Their Bioactivity in HepG2 Cell Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413539. [PMID: 34948341 PMCID: PMC8703675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE) complexes have demonstrated higher antioxidant capacity and anti-fat accumulation activity in previous studies. In this study, silica gel, high-performance liquid chromatography, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance were used for separation and identification of RBE complex components. With the exception of resveratrol, five different structures of ester derivatives were separated from silica gel: 3,4′-di-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED2, 18.8%), 3-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED4, 35.7%), 4′-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED5, 4.4%), 3,5,4′-tri-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED6, 1.5%), and 3,5-di-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED7, 0.7%). Among the ester derivatives obtained, ED2 and ED4 were the main ester derivatives in the RBE complex. Thus, the cellular antioxidant activities of the RBE mixture, ED2, and ED4 were evaluated. Results showed that the antioxidant capacity of ED2 and ED4 was higher than that of the RBE mixture, demonstrating that the number and position of butyrate esterification sites are related to cell survival rate and antioxidant capacity. This study is the first to report the successful isolation, structural identification, and cellular biological antioxidant activity of RBE complex derivatives, which are key characteristics for the potential practical application of RBE complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Min Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Tse Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (C.-Y.H.); Tel.: +886-985300345 (C.Y.-H.); Fax: +886-7-3640364 (C.Y.-H.)
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (C.-Y.H.); Tel.: +886-985300345 (C.Y.-H.); Fax: +886-7-3640364 (C.Y.-H.)
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Hu D, Yang J, Qi Y, Li B, Li K, Mok KM. Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:708512. [PMID: 34490397 PMCID: PMC8416479 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.708512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is involved in immune response and metabolism of the host. The frequent use of anthelmintic compounds for parasite expulsion causes disturbance to the equine intestinal microbiota. However, most studies were on the effects of such treatment on the intestinal bacterial microbes; none is on the entire microbial community including archaea and eukaryotic and viral community in equine animals. This study is the first to explore the differences of the microbial community composition and structure in Przewalski's horses prior to and following anthelmintic treatment, and to determine the corresponding changes of their functional attributes based on metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that in archaea, the methanogen of Euryarchaeota was the dominant phylum. Under this phylum, anthelmintic treatment increased the Methanobrevibacter genus and decreased the Methanocorpusculum genus and two other dominant archaea species, Methanocorpusculum labreanum and Methanocorpusculum bavaricum. In bacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla. Anthelmintic treatment increased the genera of Clostridium and Eubacterium and decreased those of Bacteroides and Prevotella and dominant bacteria species. These altered genera were associated with immunity and digestion. In eukaryota, anthelmintic treatment also changed the genera related to digestion and substantially decreased the relative abundances of identified species. In virus, anthelmintic treatment increased the genus of unclassified_d__Viruses and decreased those of unclassified_f__Siphoviridae and unclassified_f__Myoviridae. Most of the identified viral species were classified into phage, which were more sensitive to anthelmintic treatment than other viruses. Furthermore, anthelmintic treatment was found to increase the number of pathogens related to some clinical diseases in horses. The COG and KEGG function analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of Przewalski's horse mainly participated in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The anthelmintic treatment did not change their overall function; however, it displaced the population of the functional microbes involved in each function or pathway. These results provide a complete view on the changes caused by anthelmintic treatment in the intestinal microbiota of the Przewalski's horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Hu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Xinjiang Research Centre for Breeding Przewalski's Horse, Urumqi, China
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Xinjiang Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve Management Center, Changji, China
| | - Boling Li
- China National Environment Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Meng Mok
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China
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21
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Dorelli B, Gallè F, De Vito C, Duranti G, Iachini M, Zaccarin M, Preziosi Standoli J, Ceci R, Romano F, Liguori G, Romano Spica V, Sabatini S, Valeriani F, Cattaruzza MS. Can Physical Activity Influence Human Gut Microbiota Composition Independently of Diet? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061890. [PMID: 34072834 PMCID: PMC8228232 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) influences the human gut microbiota composition, but its role is unclear because of dietary interference. The aim of this review is to clarify this issue from this new perspective in healthy individuals. Articles analyzing intestinal microbiota from fecal samples by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were selected by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2020. For each study, methodological quality was assessed, and results about microbiota biodiversity indices, phylum and genus composition, and information on PA and diet were considered. From 997 potentially relevant articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Five studies involved athletes, three were performed on active people classified on the basis of habitual PA level, and two among sedentary subjects undergoing exercise interventions. The majority of the studies reported higher variability and prevalence of the phylum Firmicutes (genera Ruminococcaceae or Fecalibacteria) in active compared to inactive individuals, especially in athletes. The assessment of diet as a possible confounder of PA/exercise effects was completed only in four studies. They reported a similar abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Paraprevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae, which are involved in metabolic, protective, structural, and histological functions. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dorelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (B.D.); (C.D.V.); (M.I.); (M.Z.); (J.P.S.); (F.R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (B.D.); (C.D.V.); (M.I.); (M.Z.); (J.P.S.); (F.R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (V.R.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (F.V.); Tel.: +39-0636733479 (G.D.); +39-0636733223 (F.V.)
| | - Matteo Iachini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (B.D.); (C.D.V.); (M.I.); (M.Z.); (J.P.S.); (F.R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Matteo Zaccarin
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (B.D.); (C.D.V.); (M.I.); (M.Z.); (J.P.S.); (F.R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Jacopo Preziosi Standoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (B.D.); (C.D.V.); (M.I.); (M.Z.); (J.P.S.); (F.R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (V.R.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (B.D.); (C.D.V.); (M.I.); (M.Z.); (J.P.S.); (F.R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (V.R.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (V.R.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Federica Valeriani
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (V.R.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (F.V.); Tel.: +39-0636733479 (G.D.); +39-0636733223 (F.V.)
| | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (B.D.); (C.D.V.); (M.I.); (M.Z.); (J.P.S.); (F.R.); (M.S.C.)
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Liao JX, Chen YW, Shih MK, Tain YL, Yeh YT, Chiu MH, Chang SKC, Hou CY. Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5273. [PMID: 34067838 PMCID: PMC8156118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol can affect the physiology or biochemistry of offspring in the maternal-fetal animal model. However, it exhibits low bioavailability in humans and animals. Fifteen-week SD pregnant female rats were orally administered bisphenol A (BPA) and/or resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE), and the male offspring rats (n = 4-8 per group) were evaluated. The results show that RBE treatment (BPA + R30) compared with the BPA group can reduce the damage caused by BPA (p < 0.05). RBE enhanced the expression of selected genes and induced extramedullary hematopoiesis and mononuclear cell infiltration. RBE increased the abundance of S24-7 and Adlercreutzia in the intestines of the male offspring rats, as well as the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces. RBE also increased the antioxidant capacity of the liver by inducing Nrf2, promoting the expression of HO-1, SOD, and CAT. It also increased the concentration of intestinal SCFAs, enhancing the barrier formed by intestinal cells, thereby preventing BPA-induced metabolic disruption in the male offspring rats, and reduced liver inflammation. This study identified a potential mechanism underlying the protective effects of RBE against the liver damage caused by BPA exposure during the peri-pregnancy period, and the influence of the gut microbiota on the gut-liver axis in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Liao
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, 812301 No.1, Songhe Rd., Xiaogang Dist., Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Biomed Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung 92849, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsi Chiu
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Biomed Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung 92849, Taiwan
| | - Sam K. C. Chang
- Experimental Seafood Processing Laboratory, Costal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Pascagoula, MS 39567, USA;
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
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