1
|
Davids J, Bohlken N, Brown M, Murphy M. What can be done about workplace wellbeing in emergency departments? 'There's no petrol for this Ferrari'. Int Emerg Nurs 2024; 75:101487. [PMID: 38936273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2024.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Workplace wellbeing encompasses all aspects of working life. Peak health organisations recognise that poor workplace wellbeing is costly, both to individuals and to the organisation, and the value in promoting healthy workplaces. Workplace wellbeing improves when its barriers are acknowledged and addressed, and protective factors are promoted. The Emergency Department (ED) is a place of intense and challenging activity, exacerbated by high workloads and overcrowding. This impacts negatively on patient care, staff safety and wellbeing. We held focus groups across four EDs to discuss barriers and enablers to wellbeing and found four core themes: Workplace Satisfaction; Barriers to Wellbeing; Organisational Culture that Prioritises Staff Wellbeing; Self-care and Self Compassion. From this, and existing literature, we collaboratively developed a contextualised staff wellbeing framework titled: 'Staff Wellbeing Good Practice Framework: From Surviving to Thriving, How to Protect your Wellbeing in the Emergency Department' that emphasises their values of Competence, Connection and Control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Davids
- Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Australia.
| | - Nicole Bohlken
- Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Australia
| | | | - Margaret Murphy
- Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Australia; University of Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molodynski A. Looking after people with mental health and/or substance misuse problems in emergency departments is not easy. Evid Based Nurs 2024; 27:93. [PMID: 37963708 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2023-103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
|
3
|
Shoji K, Noguchi N, Waki F, Saito T, Kitano M, Edo N, Koga M, Toda H, Kobayashi N, Sawamura T, Nagamine M. Empathy and Coping Strategies Predict Quality of Life in Japanese Healthcare Professionals. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:400. [PMID: 38785891 PMCID: PMC11117590 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS), also referred to as compassion fatigue, are undeniable negative consequences experienced by healthcare professionals when working with patients. As frontline healthcare professionals are essential to communities, it is crucial to understand their mental health and how they cope with negative psychological responses. This study investigated the relationships between burnout, STS, compassion satisfaction, dispositional empathy, and stress management among Japanese healthcare professionals and students taking care of patients in clinical practice. The participants were 506 Japanese healthcare professionals and students (doctors, nurses, medical students, and nursing students) affiliated with Japanese Ministry of Defense Hospitals. The data were collected from March 2020 to May 2021. We assessed burnout, STS, and compassion satisfaction using the Professional Quality of Life Scale, dispositional empathy using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and coping with stress using the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE). Exploratory factor analysis of the Brief-COPE yielded three factors: active coping; support-seeking; and indirect coping. Personal distress, a self-oriented emotional empathy index, was related to higher burnout and STS scores and lower compassion satisfaction. Empathic concern, an other-oriented emotional empathy index, was associated with lower burnout and higher compassion satisfaction. Active coping strategies were associated with lower burnout and higher compassion satisfaction, whereas indirect coping strategies were associated with higher burnout and STS scores. In a comparison of empathy in professional categories, nurses presented higher personal distress than nursing students, and medical doctors showed lower fantasy tendencies than medical students. These results imply the complex relationships between empathy, coping strategies, and psychological responses among healthcare professionals. Further longitudinal study is needed to explore these complex relationships and to develop more precise and effective psycho-educational interventions to prevent burnout and STS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shoji
- College of Nursing, University of Human Environments, 3-220 Ebata, Obu 474-0035, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Norihito Noguchi
- Department of Nursing, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 395-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumiko Waki
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 395-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 395-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masato Kitano
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 395-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Edo
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 395-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minori Koga
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 395-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 395-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, 1-2-24 Ikejiri, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-8532, Japan
| | - Takehito Sawamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, 1-2-24 Ikejiri, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-8532, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagamine
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 395-8513, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nahas ARF, Elnaem MH, Mubarak N, Khatwa MA, Barakat M, Faller E, Kassem LM, Ramatillah DL, Jaber A, Akkawi ME, Al-Shami AM, Chandran S, Mohamed I, Jack I, Abouelhana A, Courtenay A, Elrggal ME. Assessment of burnout, resilience, and thriving among academic health professionals: findings from an international study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1366612. [PMID: 38645445 PMCID: PMC11026577 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Burnout, resilience, and thriving significantly impact academics, particularly in health professions, where responsibilities are extensive. This study aimed to explore these constructs among academic health professionals, examining sociodemographic and work-related factors influencing these outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among academic health professionals via web-based professional networks from August 2022 to February 2023. Validated tools were used, and descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results 505 participants were included, predominantly female (63%), with a mean age of 38.15 ± 9.6 years. High burnout was reported by 10.9%, 13.7% experienced exhaustion, and 6.3% were disengaged. Resilience and thriving were moderate at 59.2 and 51.9%, respectively. Age correlated negatively with burnout (r = -0.131, p = 0.003) but positively with resilience (r = 0.178, p < 0.001). Females reported higher exhaustion (p = 0.014), while males showed greater resilience (p = 0.016). Instructors exhibited lower resilience compared to assistant professors (p < 0.001) and associate professors (p < 0.001). Those at public universities reported higher exhaustion than those at private universities (p < 0.001). Conclusion Variable levels of burnout, resilience, and thriving were observed among academic health professionals, influenced by sociodemographic and work-related factors. Interventions targeting resilience and thriving may mitigate burnout risk and enhance engagement among academics in health professions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Fata Nahas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Hassan Elnaem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Naeem Mubarak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lahore Medical and Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Merna Abou Khatwa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Erwin Faller
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Pharmacy Department, San Pedro College, Davao City, Philippines
| | - Lamyaa M. Kassem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ammar Jaber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Eid Akkawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Sarath Chandran
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kannur, India
| | - Islam Mohamed
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Iain Jack
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Abouelhana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Courtenay
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang L, Lei Y, Chu D, Jiang J, Li Z, Tang Y, Anita AR. Exploring antecedents and outcomes of burnout among emergency department staff using the job demands-resources model: A scoping review protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300040. [PMID: 38483916 PMCID: PMC10939206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High levels of burnout are prevalent among Emergency Department staff due to chronic exposure to job stress. There is a lack of knowledge about anteceding factors and outcomes of burnout in this population. AIMS To provide a comprehensive overview of burnout and identify its workplace antecedents and outcomes among Emergency Department staff. METHODS The scoping study will follow the methodology outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases will be searched using predefined strategies. Two reviewers will screen the title, abstract and full text separately based on the eligibility criteria. Data will be charted, coded, and narratively synthesized based on the job demands-resources model. CONCLUSION The results will provide insights into the underlying work-related factors contributing to burnout and its implications for individuals, healthcare organizations, and patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luhuan Yang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yunhong Lei
- Philippine Women’s University School of Nursing, Manila, Philippines
| | - Dongmei Chu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zifeng Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rahman Anita
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Somville F, Van Bogaert P, Wellens B, De Cauwer H, Franck E. Work stress and burnout among emergency physicians: a systematic review of last 10 years of research. Acta Clin Belg 2024; 79:52-61. [PMID: 37889050 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2023.2273611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY First, to provide a synthesis and analysis of available scientific literature regarding the level of work stress and burnout among emergency physicians. Second, to identify the effect of the specific work situation-related factors. METHODS A systematic search was performed in NCBI PubMed and Embase. Comparative primary studies, both systematic review and cross-sectional, quantifying burnout in emergency physicians were included. Only studies published between 2011 and 2022 were retained. Synonym sets were compiled for the search key for 'burnout & stress', 'emergency', 'physician' and 'burnout & posttraumatic stress disorder'. RESULTS Thirty-five papers were retained for further research. Emergency physicians scored significantly higher for all dimensions of burnout compared to other healthcare professions. Significant correlations for burnout were found with work characteristic and organizational factors. Critical incidents and aggression were identified as the most important acute work characteristics and organizational factors impacting emergency physician's mental wellbeing including the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Moreover, personal factors such as age, personality, and coping strategies also play an important role in the development of burnout as well as work-related trauma. CONCLUSION Available studies show that emergency physicians report higher scores of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization when compared to other healthcare professionals. Work characteristics contribute to this, but work-related traumatic incidents and aggression are important determinants. Personal characteristics such as age, personality type D, previous experiences and coping strategies seem to be determining factors likewise. Emergency physicians showed a high risk for developing burnout and work stress-related problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Somville
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Emergency and Traumatology, AZ St Dimpna, Geel, Belgium
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), Wilrijk, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Van Bogaert
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - B Wellens
- Department of Emergency and Traumatology, AZ St Dimpna, Geel, Belgium
| | - H De Cauwer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, AZ St Dimpna, Geel, Belgium
| | - E Franck
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Atkinson P, Vaillancourt C, Talbot JA, Howlett M, Chandra K. Impact of age on emergency physicians' preference for overnight shifts. CAN J EMERG MED 2023; 25:1000. [PMID: 37751081 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-023-00592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atkinson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, University Ave, Saint John, NB, Canada.
| | - Chris Vaillancourt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, University Ave, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jo-Ann Talbot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, University Ave, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Michael Howlett
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, University Ave, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Kavish Chandra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, University Ave, Saint John, NB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Holzgang SA, Princip M, Pazhenkottil AP, Auschra B, von Känel R. Underutilization of effective coping styles in male physicians with burnout. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291380. [PMID: 37682966 PMCID: PMC10490954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ineffective coping is a risk factor for burnout among physicians, in whom the prevalence of burnout is high and has also increased in recent years. We examined in a cross-sectional study whether physicians with burnout show different coping styles compared with healthy controls. Male physicians (n = 60) were recruited into two groups (burnout vs. healthy). The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were applied. Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed group differences in two of the three coping styles, task-oriented and emotion-oriented, and also in one of the two subscales of the avoidance-oriented coping: social-diversion-oriented coping. Multiple binomial logistic regression, controlling for age, showed that lower task-oriented coping (OR = 0.38 (0.13 - 0.93), p = 0.048, d = 0.534) and lower social-diversion-oriented coping (OR = 0.33 (0.11 - 0.80), p = 0.024, d = 0.611) significantly predicted the burnout group. The findings suggest that male physicians with burnout differ from healthy controls in terms of less frequent utilization of effective coping styles. These findings could be explored for their utility in preventing burnout in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Holzgang
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aju P. Pazhenkottil
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Auschra
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alanazy ARM, Alruwaili A. The Global Prevalence and Associated Factors of Burnout among Emergency Department Healthcare Workers and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2220. [PMID: 37570460 PMCID: PMC10418606 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Emergency medicine (EM) settings are very stressful, given the high workload, intense working environment, and prolonged working time. In turn, the rate of burnout and its three domains have been increasingly reported among healthcare workers (HCWs). Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine the prevalence and risk factors of burnout among EM HCWs. METHODS Six databases were searched in February 2023, yielding 29 articles (16,619 EM HCWs) reporting burnout or its three domains (emotional exhaustion "EE", depersonalization "DP", and personal accomplishment "PA"). The primary outcome was the prevalence of burnout and its domains, while secondary outcomes included the risk factors of high burnout, EE, DP, or low PA. Burnout rates were pooled across studies using STATA software. The prevalence was measured using the pooled effect size (ES), and the random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was encountered; otherwise, the fixed-effects model was used. RESULTS The prevalence of overall burnout was high (43%), with 35% of EM HCWs having a high risk of burnout. Meanwhile, 39%, 43%, and 36% of EM workers reported having high levels of EE and DP and low levels of PA, respectively. Country-specific changes in the rate of burnout were observed. The rate of high burnout, high EE, high DP, and low PA was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to the pre-pandemic period. The type of profession (nurses, physicians, residents, etc.) played a significant role in modifying the rate of burnout and its domains. However, gender was not a significant determinant of high burnout or its domains among EM workers. CONCLUSIONS Burnout is a prevalent problem in emergency medicine practice, affecting all workers. As residents progress through their training years, their likelihood of experiencing burnout intensifies. Nurses are most affected by this problem, followed by physicians. Country-associated differences in burnout and its domains are evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ramdan M. Alanazy
- Emergency Medical Services Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al Ahsa 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Al Ahsa 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alruwaili
- Emergency Medical Services Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al Ahsa 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Al Ahsa 11426, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miazgowski B, Pakulski C, Miazgowski T. Length of Stay in Emergency Department by ICD-10 Specific and Non-Specific Diagnoses: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4679. [PMID: 37510793 PMCID: PMC10380588 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of non-specific presentation at a hospital emergency department (ED) has not yet been formally established. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between primary ED diagnoses identified by ICD-10 codes and ED length of stay (LOS). Over the course of three years, we examined 134,675 visits at a tertiary hospital. LOS was examined in groups with specific (internal, surgical, neurological, and traumatic diseases) and non-specific diagnoses. Our secondary objective was to measure LOS by age, day of the week, time of day, and season. The median LOS was 182 min (interquartile range: 99-264 min). LOS was 99 min in the traumatic group, while it was 132 min in the surgical group, 141 min in the non-specific group, 228 min in the internal medicine group, and 237 min in the neurological group. Other determinants of LOS were age, revisits, day of the week, and time of arrival-but not a season of the year. In the non-specific group (21% of all diagnoses), the percentage of hospitalizations was higher than in the specific groups. Our results suggest that in clinical practice, the non-specific group should be redefined to also encompass diagnoses from ICD-10 Chapter XXI (block Z00-Z99).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Miazgowski
- Doctoral School, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Pakulski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Emergency Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Miazgowski
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Holowaychuk MK, Lamb KE. Burnout symptoms and workplace satisfaction among veterinary emergency care providers. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:180-191. [PMID: 36629269 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure symptoms of burnout among veterinary emergency care providers (VECPs), determine how burnout symptoms among VECPs compare to human emergency care providers, and identify what demographic and workplace variables are associated with these symptoms. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using an online survey and convenience sampling. SUBJECTS A total of 1204 VECPs including mostly veterinarians and technicians. INTERVENTIONS An online questionnaire using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Areas of Worklife Survey was distributed between May and July 2018 via an email list and social media. VECPs working less than part-time (<20 h/week) and incomplete survey responses were excluded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS VECPs had higher total emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores and lower total personal accomplishment scores compared to emergency department human healthcare professionals (P < 0.001). Subsets of VECPs with the highest burnout symptom scores included females, residents, those working in private or corporate referral hospitals, and those with off-shift duties. Workplace variables positively associated with burnout symptom scores among these groups typically included perceptions of an unmanageable workload, lack of control over work, little reward (recognition) for work, or an unfair allocation of resources at work. Conversely, VECPs working >20 years and those married or with children at home had lower burnout symptom scores. Workplace variables negatively associated with burnout symptom scores among respondents included perceptions of having a manageable workload, control over work, reward for work, or a fair allocation of resources at work. Multivariable analysis revealed that the variable most positively associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was workload, whereas reward was most positively associated with personal accomplishment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Burnout symptom scores are higher among VECPs compared to human emergency department teams. Targeting workplace variables such as workload and reward is warranted in future studies to determine strategies for reducing burnout among VECPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth E Lamb
- Lamb Statistical Consulting LLC, West Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Michela DT, Rachele M, Alessia R, Daniela DB, Marco R, Luigi T, Petrini F, Grazia FM. COVID-19 pandemic burnout in an Italian sample of anaesthesiologists: coping strategies, resilience and the capability of tolerating the uncertainty as preventing factors. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:648-659. [PMID: 36053014 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2119484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the prevalence of burnout characteristics and their association with resilience, coping strategies, and the intolerance of uncertainty dimensions. It also aims to explore the predictive effect of these variables on burnout dimensions, separately. Through the SurveyMonkey platform, 1,009 anaesthesiologists completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Resilience Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form (IU), and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). According to the MBI cut-off, 39.7% and 25.8% of participants scored high in Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, respectively, and 44.2% scored low in Personal Accomplishment. Several significant correlations between burnout dimensions and resilience, coping strategies, and the intolerance of uncertainty emerged. Regarding the linear regression models tested, coping strategies, resilience, and age showed a significant predictive effect on all three of the burnout dimensions. In conclusion, the results showed that individual levels of resilience and one's ability to tolerate uncertainty and task-oriented coping strategies represent significant factors for lower burnout levels in Italian anaesthesiologists during COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of intervention aimed at promoting useful coping strategies and enhancing resilience among healthcare workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Trani Michela
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariani Rachele
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renzi Alessia
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossi Marco
- Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care SIAARTI, Italy.,Department Emergency, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University of Holy Heart, Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Tritapepe Luigi
- Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care SIAARTI, Italy.,U.O. of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Petrini
- Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care SIAARTI, Italy
| | - Frigo Maria Grazia
- Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care SIAARTI, Italy.,U.O. of Obstetric Anesthesia, Clinical Risk, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsouvelas G, Kalaitzaki A, Tamiolaki A, Rovithis M, Konstantakopoulos G. Secondary traumatic stress and dissociative coping strategies in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: The protective role of resilience. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 41:264-270. [PMID: 36428058 PMCID: PMC9428110 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses are repeatedly exposed to acute stress at their workplace, and therefore, they are at high risk for developing mental health symptoms. The prolonged exposure of healthcare professionals may lead to Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS). STS is an aspect of "cost of care", the natural consequence of providing care to people who suffer physically or psychologically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of STS in nurses during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece and to detect aggravating and protective factors. Participants were 222 nurses (87.4 % women; mean age 42.3 years) who completed an online survey. The questionnaire comprised of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. Nurses had high levels of STS. The hierarchical regression analyses showed that STS and its dimensions Avoidance and Arousal were positively predicted mainly by denial and self-distraction coping strategies and inversely by resilience. Resilience exhibited a protective (partial mediation) effect on the strong relationship between the dissociative coping strategies (denial, self-distraction, venting and behavioral disengagement) and STS. Trauma-informed care psychosocial interventions are needed to support the already overburdened nursing staff during the coronavirus pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Tsouvelas
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Argyroula Kalaitzaki
- Department of Social Work, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches for the Enhancement of Quality of Life, Affiliated Researcher of the Research Centre 'Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences', Hellenic Mediterranean University, CP: 71004 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Tamiolaki
- Department of Social Work, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches for the Enhancement of Quality of Life, Hellenic Mediterranean University, CP: 71004 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michael Rovithis
- Department of Nursing, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Enhancement of Quality of Life, Affiliated Researcher of the Research Centre 'Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences', Health Sciences Faculty, Hellenic Mediterranean University, CP: 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - George Konstantakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meeting the wellness needs of emergency department clinicians: A scoping review of interventions. Australas Emerg Care 2022:S2588-994X(22)00087-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
15
|
Jing X, Meng H, Li Y, Lu L, Yao Y. Associations of Psychological Capital, Coping Style and Emotional Intelligence with Self-Rated Health Status of College Students in China During COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2587-2597. [PMID: 36133628 PMCID: PMC9482953 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s383743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 lockdown can lead to mental health problem, and the problem is heterogeneous across individuals. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between the self-reported health status, emotional coping style, emotional intelligence and positive psychological state of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The questionnaires of Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used for online survey. The study included 367 undergraduates. Results Undergraduate sex, sibling and birth of place were associated with either psychological capital scores or emotional intelligence. Online time per day had significantly negative associations with self-rated health and psychological capital scores. Multivariate analysis showed that the interaction between emotional intelligence, psychological capital and coping styles was statistically significant (β = −0.112, p = 0.045) in health status with psychological capital ranking the top (β = 0.428). Mediation analysis showed that psychological capital and coping style modified the effect of emotional intelligence on health status. Conclusion Psychological capital and coping style modified the effect of emotional intelligence on health status in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this pandemic emergency, a comprehensive intervention, such as positive coping styles with optimistic emotional perception and understanding as well as social support, is an important measure against the pandemic-induced mental health problem in college students in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Jing
- School of Medicine, Xinyang Vocational and Technical College, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Meng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongcheng Yao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cybulska AM, Rachubińska K, Stanisławska M, Grochans S, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Grochans E. Analysis of Factors Related to Mental Health, Suppression of Emotions, and Personality Influencing Coping with Stress among Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9777. [PMID: 36011413 PMCID: PMC9408163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) The specificity of a nurse's work, apart from performing medical procedures, is characterized by intensive contacts with other people. Stress is an inevitable part of a nurse's job and can affect their physical and mental health. Thus, strategies for coping with stress play an important role in improving health or well-being by reducing the level of stress. (2) The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of coping strategies in predicting the overall health of nurses. The study also assessed the impact of personality traits and emotional control (anger, depression, anxiety) on the choice of coping with stress among nurses. (3) The study included 811 nurses from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, with an average age of 40 (SD = 9.8), working mainly in hospitals (82%). The research was carried out with a diagnostic survey method, using the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations questionnaire, NEO-Five Factor Inventor, Courtland Emotional Control Care Scale, General Health Questionnaire 30, and a demographic questionnaire. (4) Among the surveyed nurses, the dominant style of coping with stress was the style focused on emotions (MT 0.43), followed by the style focused on avoidance (MT 0.42). There were mental problems among 46.1% of the respondents. Nurses with mental problems according to GHQ-30 were characterized by a high intensity of coping styles focused on emotions (30.2%), avoiding (18.7%), and engaging in alternative activities (32.3%) (p = 0.000). (5) Most of the surveyed nurses have a tendency to cope with stress through an emotional-focused style, which may be associated with a higher level of occupational stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Rachubińska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marzanna Stanisławska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Szymon Grochans
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prentice S, Benson J, Dorstyn D, Elliott T. Promoting Wellbeing among Family Medicine Trainees: A Hermeneutic Review of Intervention Mechanisms of Change and their Delivery Methods. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35465799 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2022.2048833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PHENOMENON Efforts to promote wellbeing and reduce burnout amongst postgraduate medical trainees have been hampered by little consideration of interventions' underlying mechanisms, as well as how interventions are delivered. The critical role of trainee specialty has also been overlooked, despite the unique personal and work-based stressors faced among subgroups - such as those completing Family Medicine/General Practice. A consolidation of intervention research can help to guide the design, implementation and evaluation of future targeted programs and potentially enhance their effectiveness. The present hermeneutic literature review addresses this gap. APPROACH The Embase, Ovid Medline, and Ovid PsycINFO databases were searched for articles exploring wellbeing and related concepts of burnout and stress amongst Family Medicine/General Practice trainees. Thirty-one studies were identified through seven iterative rounds, with articles that offered novel insights and/or addressed knowledge gaps identified in each round and analyzed, followed by refinement of the overarching coding structure. Thematic analysis was conducted by two researchers. FINDINGS Proposed and enacted wellbeing interventions typically involved a combination of individualistic (e.g., self-awareness), organizational (e.g., increasing policy flexibility), and cultural (e.g., leadership) strategies. Change mechanisms were interpersonal (e.g., comradery) and, to a greater extent, intrapersonal (e.g., normalizing and accepting feelings of insecurity). Key delivery methods included the need to ingrain trainee wellness into daily work life and the importance of contextualizing interventions to increase their relevance, acceptance, and effectiveness. INSIGHTS The present review identifies and consolidates key mechanisms of change intrinsic to wellbeing-promotion interventions, alongside delivery methods. These findings provide guidance for practice and research to identify these attributes of interventions in the design and evaluation stages. This, in turn, will enhance the clarity of what is being evaluated, facilitating more informed comparisons between evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Prentice
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jill Benson
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- GPEx Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Diana Dorstyn
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coping Strategies of Healthcare Professionals with Burnout Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020327. [PMID: 35208650 PMCID: PMC8877512 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of coping strategies used to reduce burnout syndrome in healthcare workers teams. Materials and Methods: We used PubMed and Web of Science, including scientific articles and other studies for additional citations. Only 7 of 906 publications have the appropriate inclusion criteria and were selected. A PRISMA 2020 flow diagram was used. Results: The most common coping strategies that the literature studies showed were efficient, in particular social and emotional support, physical activity, physical self-care, emotional and physical distancing from work. Coping mechanisms associated with less burnout were also physical well-being, clinical variety, setting boundaries, transcendental, passion for one’s work, realistic expectations, remembering patients and organizational activities. Furthermore, it was helpful to listen to the team’s needs and preferences about some types of training. Conclusion: We suppose that the appropriate coping strategies employed in the team could be useful also in the prevention of psychological suffering, especially in contexts where working conditions are stressful. Studies about coping strategies to face burnout syndrome in healthcare workers should be increased.
Collapse
|
19
|
Al-Adawi S, Alameddine M, Al-Saadoon M, Al Balushi AA, Chan MF, Bou-Karroum K, Al-Kindy H, Al-Harthi SM. The magnitude and effect of work-life imbalance on cognition and affective range among the non-western population: A study from Muscat. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263608. [PMID: 35113951 PMCID: PMC8812942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal relationship between work-life balance/imbalance, occupational burnout, and poor mental health outcomes have been widely explored. Little has been forthcoming on cognitive functioning among those with work-life imbalance. This study aimed to explore the rate of work-life imbalance and the variation in neuropsychological functioning. The relationship between affective ranges (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and work-life balance was also explored. The target population in this study are Omani nationals who were referred for psychometric evaluation. The study employs neuropsychology measures tapping into attention and concentration, learning and remembering, processing speed, and executive functioning. Subjective measures of cognitive decline and affective ranges were also explored. A total of 168 subjects (75.3% of the responders) were considered to be at a work-life imbalance. Multivariate analysis showed that demographic and neuropsychological variables were significant risk factors for work-life imbalance including age and the presence of anxiety disorder. Furthermore, participants indicating work-life imbalance were more likely to report cognitive decline on indices of attention, concentration, learning, and remembering. This study reveals that individuals with work-life imbalance might dent the integrity of cognition including attention and concentration, learning and remembering, executive functioning, and endorsed case-ness for anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muna Al-Saadoon
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Moon Fai Chan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Karen Bou-Karroum
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hamad Al-Kindy
- Compensation Board, Directorate General of Khoula Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Muscat Directorate of General Health Services, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saud M. Al-Harthi
- Muscat Directorate of General Health Services, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Health Care Worker Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic in HIV Clinics in Guangxi, China: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2022; 33:311-332. [PMID: 35025823 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dual epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and HIV cause burnout among HIV health care workers. Guided by a socioecological framework, we investigated risk and protective factors of their burnout in Guangxi, China based on an online survey (N = 1,029) from April to May 2020. Descriptive and bivariate analyses and hierarchical regression were conducted. COVID-19-related stressors (B = 0.648 [0.482-0.816], p < .001), challenges while delivering HIV services (B = 0.236 [0.174-0.298], p < .001), and working in province/city-level institutes (B = 2.302, [0.828-3.776], p =.002) were risk factors. Protective factors were resilience (B = -0.596 [-0.687 to -0.504], p < .001), workplace social support (B = -0.410 [-0.717 to -0.044], p =.03), and institutional responsiveness to COVID-19 (B = -0.138 [-0.205 to -0.071], p < .001), respectively. Burnout-related interventions may benefit from promoting resilience, creating a supportive work environment, and strengthening institutional response to public health emergencies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Pan SJ, Qian WY, Yang YP, Zhang MX, Hu XM, Chen HX, Tung TH. Evaluation of burnout among stay-behind healthcare workers during the current Omicron wave of COVID-19 in Taizhou, China. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1022881. [PMID: 36339850 PMCID: PMC9633685 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since February 2022, a new Omicron wave of COVID-19 emerged in Shanghai, China. Many healthcare workers came to Shanghai from hospitals of other parts of China as aid workers. Hospitals in areas with mild COVID-19 outbreaks will inevitably be understaffed, it is likely to cause job burnout of stay-behind healthcare workers. Stay-behind healthcare workers were those who had not been dispatched to support COVID-19 prevention and control in other regions. This study was designed to evaluate the burnout among stay-behind healthcare workers in the current COVID-19 Omicron wave in Taizhou, China. METHODS A population-based, anonymous, cross-sectional online survey was designed in the Wen-Juan Xing platform. The survey was sent to all stay-behind healthcare workers of the hospital (n = 1739) from April 29 to May 3, 2022. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used for the burnout survey. For univariate analysis, the χ2 test and one way ANOVA were used to assess differences in categorical variables and continuous variables, respectively. The effect of independent associated risk factors on each type of burnout was examined using the multinomial logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 434 participants completed the survey invitation effectively. A total of 71.2% of stay-behind healthcare workers experienced burnout during COVID-19, including 54.8% experiencing mild to moderate burnout and 16.4% experiencing severe burnout. Night shift, depression, social support, positive coping and number of children appeared to be significantly related to mild to moderate burnout. Night shift, depression, social support, positive coping, number of children, professional title, and anxiety appeared to be significantly related to severe burnout. CONCLUSION Job burnout among stay-behind healthcare workers was an important problem during the current Omicron wave of COVID-19. Night shift, depression, social support, positive coping, and number of children were associated with mild to moderate and severe burnout. Anxiety and professional title were associated with severe burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Jun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Yan Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Pei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kang MJ, Myung SK. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Mental Health in Nurses: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:51-59. [PMID: 34292840 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2021.1949765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness as a positive mental health intervention approach has been increasingly applied to nurses. This meta-analysis evaluated the psychological effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on mental health in nurses. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL up to February 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of MBIs for nurses were included. Data extraction and the risk of bias assessment were conducted by two authors independently. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Of 370 studies retrieve from databases, nine RCTs, which involved 572 participants with 283 in an intervention group and 289 in a control group, were included in the final analysis. Compared to the control groups (no treatment, treatment as usual, or active control), MBIs reduced psychological distress such as anxiety, depression, or stress (SMD = -0.47; 95% CI, -0.67 to -0.32; I2 = 34.7; n = 17) in nurses. Also, MBIs slightly improved psychological wellbeing such as resilience, wellbeing, or quality of life (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.46; I2 = 0.00; n = 8). However, no statistically significant effects were found in Job related outcomes (SMD = 0.23; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.47; I2 = 20.5; n = 6). This meta-analysis found that MBIs had beneficial effects on mental health such as psychological distress and wellbeing in nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jung Kang
- College of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kwon Myung
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Management, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Family Medicine and Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Soto-Cámara R, García-Santa-Basilia N, Onrubia-Baticón H, Cárdaba-García RM, Jiménez-Alegre JJ, Reques-Marugán AM, Molina-Oliva M, Fernández-Domínguez JJ, Matellán-Hernández MP, Morales-Sanchez A, Navalpotro-Pascual S. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Out-of-Hospital Health Professionals: A Living Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235578. [PMID: 34884280 PMCID: PMC8658089 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Health professionals (HPs), especially those working in the front line, have been one of the groups most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to identify the best available scientific evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of out-of-hospital HPs in terms of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy. A living systematic review of the literature was designed, consulting the electronic online versions of the CINHAL, Cochrane Library, Cuiden, IBECS, JBI, LILACS, Medline PyscoDoc, PsycoINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in November 2021. Original research was selected, published in either English, Spanish, French, Italian, or Portuguese. In total, 2082 publications were identified, of which 16 were included in this review. The mental health of out-of-hospital HPs was affected. Being a woman or having direct contact with patients showing suspicious signs of COVID-19 or confirmed cases were the factors related to a greater risk of developing high levels of stress and anxiety; in the case of depressive symptoms, it was having a clinical history of illnesses that could weaken their defenses against infection. Stopping unpleasant emotions and thoughts was the coping strategy most frequently used by these HPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Noemí García-Santa-Basilia
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (N.G.-S.-B.); (R.M.C.-G.)
| | - Henar Onrubia-Baticón
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Rosa M. Cárdaba-García
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.G.-S.-B.); (R.M.C.-G.)
| | - José Julio Jiménez-Alegre
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.J.F.-D.); (S.N.-P.)
| | - Ana María Reques-Marugán
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - María Molina-Oliva
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | | | - María Paz Matellán-Hernández
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Almudena Morales-Sanchez
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León—Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain; (H.O.-B.); (A.M.R.-M.); (M.M.-O.); (M.P.M.-H.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Susana Navalpotro-Pascual
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid—SUMMA 112, 28045 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.J.-A.); (J.J.F.-D.); (S.N.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stress Coping Strategies, Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Compassion Satisfaction Amongst Israeli Dentists: A Cross-sectional Study. Int Dent J 2021; 72:476-483. [PMID: 34785064 PMCID: PMC9381368 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Being a member of the dental profession is often associated with stress and high levels of burnout. Stress coping strategies may significantly help mediate burnout. The present cross-sectional study sought to examine the role of stress coping strategies on burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction amongst Israeli dentists. Methods The study was carried out amongst Israeli dentists with the use of the following questionnaires: (1) the Professional Quality of Life Scale 5 (ProQOL), referring to burnout, compassion satisfaction, and level of secondary traumatic stress; (2) the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations–Situation Specific Coping Inventory (CISS-SSC), referring to coping strategies (task-focused, emotion-focused, or avoidance-focused coping); and (3) demographic and professional variables (eg, specialisation, workload). Participants included 243 Israeli dentists. Univariate analyses and linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the relationships amongst coping strategies and burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction. Results Female dentists had higher emotion-focused and avoidance coping scores than male dentists. Burnout could be explained by higher emotion-focused coping scores and lower task-focused and avoidance-focused coping. Secondary traumatic stress could be explained by higher emotion-focused scores, having fewer years of professional experience, and younger ages. Compassion satisfaction could be explained by lower emotion-focused coping as well as by higher task-focused coping and workload scores, specialisation, and gender. Conclusions The findings suggest that emotional coping may cause dentists to be vulnerable to burnout and to secondary traumatic stress.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Orientation The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to fundamental changes in the workplace for many, particularly healthcare workers. Research purpose This study explored healthcare workers’ (ophthalmologists, nurses and support staff) experiences of anxiety, depression, burnout, resilience and coping strategies during lockdown Levels 2 and 3 in an Ophthalmic consulting practice and hospital in South Africa. Motivation for the study The increased workplace stress and vulnerability associated with working during the COVID-19 pandemic introduced an unprecedented level of risk for healthcare workers. Factors contributing to psychological distress must be identified and appropriately mitigated, to prevent dire human and economic costs. Research approach/design and method A survey was sent out at two separate times to a convenience sample of 31 and 15 healthcare workers respectively. The survey consisted of a demographics section, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Burnout Measure short-version, Brief Cope Inventory, Connor Davidson Resilience Inventory and six open-ended questions investigating personal health and support experiences during COVID-19. Descriptive analyses and thematic analysis were used for data analysis. Main findings The sample of healthcare workers experienced some degree of psychological distress, including anxiety, burnout and a lack of social support on both surveys. However, these symptoms were alleviated by personal factors, including positive coping mechanisms, high resilience and organisational support. Practical/managerial implications Healthcare facilities should consider in-house structures focusing on building resilience and positive coping mechanisms, whilst ensuring that workplace conditions are optimal for staff members. Contribution/value-add This study provides some insight into both the risk and protective factors experienced by health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
26
|
Alwashmi AH, Alkhamees AA. Burnout and the Psychological Impact among Physiatrists in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189621. [PMID: 34574546 PMCID: PMC8472589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Burnout is an emerging critical issue facing specialists and trainees in all disciplines and not particularly studied among physiatry specialists and trainees in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To assess physiatrist burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress during the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Saudi Arabia. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: By distributing an electronic survey, the researcher assessed burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Human Services Survey (HSS) in the midst of the curfew that Saudi authorities imposed. Participants: One hundred one participating trainees, specialists, and consultants. Results: Of the 101 study participants, the majority (73.3%) were between the ages of 24 and 34 years old, with the rest distributed within the age group ranging from 35 to 65 years old. Junior residents represented 34.7%, senior residents 22.8%, physiatrist specialists 26.7%, and consultants 15.8%. The sample included 55.4% males and 44.6% females; 64.4% of the participants were married, 29.7% were still single, and 5.9% were divorced. Among the total group participating, 25.7% were handling COVID-19 patients. In the total participant sample, 80.2% reported experiencing burnout, 10.9% experienced stress, and 22.8% and 6.9% experienced anxiety and depression, respectively. Conclusion: Burnout in Saudi Arabia exists among more than two-thirds of practicing physiatrists in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R), and that did not appear to have a statistically significant influence on stress, anxiety, or depression (p > 0.05). The current COVID-19 global pandemic might escalate burnout and influence mental health outcomes. The healthcare authority and administration should take the lead in identifying the challenges, overcoming the obstacles, and optimizing clinician well-being, delivering up-to-date solutions, and promptly checking their effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Alwashmi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees
- Department of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rantung G, Griffiths D, Plummer V, Moss C. How emergency nurses cope and motivate themselves to sustain their caring work: An integrative literature review. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:843-859. [PMID: 34459056 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this integrative review was to assess how emergency nurses cope and motivate themselves to sustain their caring work. BACKGROUND The need to enhance sustainability of the workforce creates a demand to consolidate contemporary evidence related to emergency nurses' motivations, how they cope and sustain themselves for caring work. DESIGN AND METHODS The integrative literature review informed by Whittemore and Knafl involved searching four databases, which yielded 977 published research papers (2008-2021). A total of 33 studies met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. The PRISMA checklist for review was followed. RESULTS No studies addressing all three areas (motivations, coping and caring sustainability) together were identified. Integration of evidence from quantitative and qualitative research was achieved in three categories: (1) emergency nurses' motivations to sustain their work, (2) emergency nurses' coping strategies and (3) sustaining care as emergency nurses. CONCLUSION To sustain themselves in caring work, emergency nurses need to be intrinsically and extrinsically motivated and know how to cope effectively with stressors and work demands. There is need for research examining the relationships between these aspects of emergency nursing work. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE To ensure the sustainability of emergency nurses' work and careers understanding of the factors that influence and sustain their motivations and coping strategies is important for nurses and their clinical leaders and managers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilny Rantung
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Nursing, Adventist University of Indonesia, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Debra Griffiths
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Virginia Plummer
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheryle Moss
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee MMD, Gensimore MM, Maduro RS, Morgan MK, Zimbro KS. The Impact of Burnout on Emergency Nurses' Intent to Leave: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Emerg Nurs 2021; 47:892-901. [PMID: 34417028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emergency nurses work in one of the busiest and most stressful departments in a hospital and, as such, may experience burnout more often than nurses working in other nursing units. This study examined the relationship among orientation, burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low sense of personal accomplishment), and intent to leave. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used. Emergency nurses who were members of the Emergency Nurses Association were invited to participate in an anonymous survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory tool was used to explore emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and sense of personal accomplishment. Emergency nurses' intent to leave was assessed with the Turnover Intention Scale. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the odds of intent to leave for those who scored at or above versus below the median on each burnout subscale. RESULTS The findings revealed that a formal orientation enhanced emergency nurses' sense of personal accomplishment and was associated with lower intent to leave. The odds of intent to leave were almost 9 times greater for participants with 5 or more years of experience, approximately 13 times greater for those with above-median emotional exhaustion, and more than 6 times lower for those with above-median sense of personal accomplishment. DISCUSSION Emotional exhaustion and low sense of personal accomplishment were key factors influencing emergency nurses' intent to leave. Emergency nurse leaders may find that a formal orientation program enhances sense of personal accomplishment and decreases intent to leave. Creating work environments to help emergency nurses find joy in their work may be critical to work-life balance and staff retention.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sehsah R, Gaballah MH, El-Gilany AH, Albadry AA. Work burnout and coping strategies among Egyptian forensic physicians: a national study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-021-00230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Forensic physicians are confronted daily with highly stressful and traumatic duties. With repeated exposure, they are at risk of psychological distress, especially burnout. The current study’s objective was to measure the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors among Egyptian forensic physicians, describe their coping strategies, and the correlation between burnout levels and coping strategies. A cross-sectional study on Egyptian forensic physicians was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. It included personal and occupational data, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Brief COPE Inventory. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify significant independent predictors of burnout. The correlation between burnout and coping was examined.
Results
Moderate/high levels of burnout were scored by 72.9 %, 51.9%, and 75.9% of forensic physicians in the emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment subscales, respectively. The significant independent predictors of high emotional exhaustion were being a forensic examiner (AOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3–7.6) and facing stressful job duties more than five times per month (AOR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.6–12.3). The predictor of high depersonalization was being a forensic examiner (AOR, 22.8; 95% CI, 8.0–64.8), and for low personal accomplishment was being a female (AOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3–6.8). The most frequent coping strategies adopted by forensic physicians were adaptive coping.
Conclusions
Egyptian forensic physicians have a high prevalence of burnout. Forensic examiners, females with high exposure to stressful duties are more likely to have high burnout levels. Thus, psychoeducation and psychological support services should be applied and made easily accessible to them.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim DI, Loo LK, Garrison RC, Motabar A, Yu M, Nathaniel B, Ulrich MT, Skoretz L, Jafari J, Calzia M, Gilmore M, Firek A. Does teaching Optimism lower Burnout in residency training- a pilot study. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2021; 11:429-432. [PMID: 34211643 PMCID: PMC8221164 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2021.1910408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Residents frequently experience burnout. Multiple interventions to decrease the risk of burnout have had inconsistent results. In non-medical settings, improving optimism promotes a positive outlook and enhances well-being. Thus, psychological interventions that improve optimism could have potential to decrease the risk for burnout. Objective: Using Lazarus’ Ways of Coping as an organizational framework, this intervention sought to evaluate the impact of an optimism curriculum on residents’ burnout. Methods: Thirty-six Internal Medicine residents participated in an optimism improvement program from November 2019 to April 2020. We determined pre- and post-curriculum measures of optimism, happiness, and burnout with validated surveys. The Optimism Curriculum was comprised of three one-hour long sessions, which included lectures, group and self-reflective exercises. A post - curriculum evaluation rating the effectiveness of the program was administered separately. Results: Thirty-four out of thirty-six residents completed the post curricular surveys. Individuals with low optimism scores had a higher score for burnout compared to those with higher optimism scores. The post-intervention survey showed numerical improvement in optimism, happiness and burnout, although these changes were not statistically significant. The post-intervention survey showed a decrease in the measure of burnout; however, this was not significant (p = 0.24) with an effect size of 0.34 (Cohen’s d). Conclusions: Teaching optimism to residents with the objective of decreasing the risk of burnout is feasible and easily integrated into residency education sessions. The encouraging results of this pilot study lay the foundation for additional studies and suggest a practical role for implementing optimism curricula in residency training programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Kim
- Chair of Medicine, Riverside University Health System.,Designated Institutional Official/Director of Medical Education, Riverside University Health System.,Program Director, University of California, Riverside Internal Medicine Residency, Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine
| | - Lawrence K Loo
- Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
| | - Roger C Garrison
- Vice Chair, Department of Medicine, Riverside University Health System.,Associate Program Director, University of California, Riverside Internal Medicine Residency; Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine
| | - Ali Motabar
- Assistant Program Director, University of California, Riverside Internal Medicine Residency.,Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine
| | - Minho Yu
- Associate Program Director, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Internal Medicine Residency.,jAssistant Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
| | - Brandon Nathaniel
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
| | - Michael T Ulrich
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
| | - Lynnetta Skoretz
- Chief Division of Ambulatory Internal Medicine, Riverside University Health System.,Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University
| | - Jasmine Jafari
- PGY-1 Internal Medicine Resident, Kaiser Permanente Woodland Hills Medical Center
| | - Megan Calzia
- PGY-1 Internal Medicine Resident, University of Colorado
| | - Mariam Gilmore
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine
| | - Anthony Firek
- Director Medical Research.,Clinical Effectiveness and Clinical Outcome Research- Riverside University Health System Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mong M, Noguchi K. Emergency Room Physicians’ Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, and Coping Methods During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.1932127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mong
- Department of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kenji Noguchi
- Department of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Darbyshire D, Brewster L, Isba R, Body R, Basit U, Goodwin D. Retention of doctors in emergency medicine: a scoping review of the academic literature. Emerg Med J 2021; 38:663-672. [PMID: 34083428 PMCID: PMC8380914 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Workforce issues prevail across healthcare; in emergency medicine (EM), previous work improved retention, but the staffing problem changed rather than improved. More experienced doctors provide higher quality and more cost-effective care, and turnover of these physicians is expensive. Research focusing on staff retention is an urgent priority. Methods This study is a scoping review of the academic literature relating to the retention of doctors in EM and describes current evidence about sustainable careers (focusing on factors influencing retention), as well as interventions to improve retention. The established and rigorous JBI scoping review methodology was followed. The data sources searched were MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, HMIC and PsycINFO, with papers published up to April 2020 included. Broad eligibility criteria were used to identify papers about retention or related terms, including turnover, sustainability, exodus, intention to quit and attrition, whose population included emergency physicians within the setting of the ED. Papers which solely measured the rate of one of these concepts were excluded. Results Eighteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Multiple factors were identified as linked with retention, including perceptions about teamwork, excessive workloads, working conditions, errors, teaching and education, portfolio careers, physical and emotional strain, stress, burnout, debt, income, work–life balance and antisocial working patterns. Definitions of key terms were used inconsistently. No factors clearly dominated; studies of correlation between factors were common. There were minimal research reporting interventions. Conclusion Many factors have been linked to retention of doctors in EM, but the research lacks an appreciation of the complexity inherent in career decision-making. A broad approach, addressing multiple factors rather than focusing on single factors, may prove more informative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Darbyshire
- Health Innovation One, Lancaster University Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster, UK .,Emergency Department, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Liz Brewster
- Health Innovation One, Lancaster University Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster, UK
| | - Rachel Isba
- Health Innovation One, Lancaster University Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster, UK.,Paediatric Emergency Department, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Body
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Emergency Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Usama Basit
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Dawn Goodwin
- Health Innovation One, Lancaster University Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Valipoor S, Bosch SJ. In the Moment: Fostering Mindfulness and Reducing Stressors in the Healthcare Workplace. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2021; 14:386-398. [PMID: 33535815 DOI: 10.1177/1937586720988243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While healthcare design research has primarily focused on patient outcomes, there is a growing recognition that environmental interventions could do more by promoting the overall quality of care, and this requires expanding the focus to the health and well-being of those who deliver care to patients. Healthcare professionals are under high levels of stress, leading to burnout, job dissatisfaction, and poor patient care. Among other tools, mindfulness is recommended as a way of decreasing stress and helping workers function at higher levels. This article aims to identify potential environmental strategies for reducing work-related stressors and facilitating mindfulness in healthcare settings. By examining existing evidence on workplace mindfulness and stress-reducing design strategies, we highlight the power of the physical environment in not only alleviating stressful conditions but intentionally encouraging a mindful perspective. Strategies like minimizing distractions or avoiding overstimulation in the healthcare environment can be more effective if implemented along with the provision of designated spaces for mindfulness-based programs. Future research may explore optimal methods and hospital workers' preferences for environments that support mindfulness and stress management. The long-term goal of all these efforts is to enhance healthcare professionals' well-being, reignite their professional enthusiasm, and help them be resilient in times of stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabboo Valipoor
- Department of Interior Design, College of Design, Construction and Planning, 3463University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sheila J Bosch
- Department of Interior Design, College of Design, Construction and Planning, 3463University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ge J, He J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Pan J, Zhang X, Liu D. Effects of effort-reward imbalance, job satisfaction, and work engagement on self-rated health among healthcare workers. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:195. [PMID: 33482786 PMCID: PMC7821543 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers, who protect and improve the health of individuals, are critical to the success of health systems and achieving national and global health goals. To respond effectively to the healthcare needs of populations, healthcare workers themselves must be in a good state of health. However, healthcare workers face various psychosocial pressures, including having to work night shifts, long working hours, demands of patient care, medical disputes, workplace violence, and emotional distress due to poor interactions with patients and colleagues, and poor promotion prospects. Constant exposure to these psychosocial hazards adversely impacts healthcare workers' health. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the influence of effort-reward imbalance, job satisfaction, and work engagement on self-rated health of healthcare workers. The results would be conducive to providing policy guidance to improve the health of healthcare workers. METHODS We analysed the data of 1327 participants from The Chinese Sixth National Health and Services Survey in Sichuan Province that was conducted from August 2018 to October 2018. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized relationships among the variables. RESULTS Only 40.1% of healthcare workers rated their health as 'relatively good' or 'good'. Effort-reward imbalance had a significant negative correlation with self-rated health (β = - 0.053, 95% CI [- 0.163, - 0.001]). The associations of effort-reward imbalance and work engagement with self-rated health were both mediated by job satisfaction (95% CI [- 0.150, - 0.050] and [0.011, 0.022]), and work engagement mediated the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and self-rated health (95% CI [- 0.064, - 0.008]). CONCLUSION In order to improve the health of healthcare workers, administrators should balance effort and reward and provide opportunities for career development and training. In addition, health managers should help healthcare workers realize the significance and value of their work and keep them actively devoted to their work through incentive mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ge
- Department of Health Related Social and Behavioral Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Health Related Social and Behavioral Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Health Related Social and Behavioral Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health Information Centre of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Health Information Centre of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Danping Liu
- Department of Health Related Social and Behavioral Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fabbri A, De Iaco F, Marchesini G, Pugliese FR, Giuffrida C, Guarino M, Fera G, Riccardi A, Manca S. The coping styles to stress of Italian emergency health-care professionals after the first peak of COVID 19 pandemic outbreak. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 45:573-575. [PMID: 33413923 PMCID: PMC7836297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fabbri
- Emergency Department, AUSL della Romagna, Presidio Ospedaliero Morgagni-Pierantoni, via C. Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, (FC), Italy.
| | - Fabio De Iaco
- Emergency Department, Ospedale Martini, via Fernando Marsigli 84, 10141 Torino (TO), Italy
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Alma Mater" University, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Rocco Pugliese
- Emergency Department, ASL Roma 2, Ospedale Pertini, via dei Monti Tiburtini 385, 00157 Roma (RM), Italy
| | - Clemente Giuffrida
- Emergency Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Papardo-Piemonte, viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 98158 Messina, (ME) Italy
| | - Mario Guarino
- Emergency Department, Azienda Specialistica dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi-Cotugno, CTO, viale Colli Aminei 21, 80141 Napoli, (NA) Italy
| | - Giuseppina Fera
- Emergency Department, ASL 4 Chiavarese, via Don Bobbio 25, 16033 Lavagna, (GE), Italy
| | - Alessandro Riccardi
- Emergency Department, Ospedale San Paolo, via Genova 1, 17100 Savona, (SV), Italy
| | - Salvatore Manca
- Emergency Department, (President SIMEU), ASL Oristano, Corso Umberto 176, 09170 Oristano, (OR), Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Atkinson P, Innes G. Patient care accountability frameworks: the key to success for our healthcare system. CAN J EMERG MED 2021; 23:274-276. [PMID: 33959923 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-020-00059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atkinson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, 400 University Ave, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Grant Innes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has placed a heavy burden on medical staff and emergency workers, who may be at risk of developing psychological distress and secondary trauma. Coping and resilience to stress during a pandemic are protective factors that can mitigate the potential adverse psychological effects. Here, we investigated the direct and mediated effects of coping strategies and hardiness on secondary trauma among Italian medical staff (physicians and nurses, n = 140) and emergency workers (firefighters, civil protection, and ambulance personnel, n = 100) involved in the first phase of the pandemic. For this purpose, we collected data from participants through online questionnaires to measure emergency stress, coping strategies, hardiness, and secondary trauma. Other variables analyzed were age, sex, direct contact with COVID-19 patients, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). We performed a correlational analysis, regressions, and a mediation analysis. The results show that nurses and physicians experienced higher levels of emergency stress than emergency workers. Direct contact with COVID-19 patients, female sex, unexpected events, and lack of PPE were risk factors for emergency stress, while resilience and coping strategies played a protective role. Mediation analysis shows that coping strategies and hardiness are protective factors and reduce the effect of stress on secondary trauma.
Collapse
|
38
|
Di Monte C, Monaco S, Mariani R, Di Trani M. From Resilience to Burnout: Psychological Features of Italian General Practitioners During COVID-19 Emergency. Front Psychol 2020; 11:567201. [PMID: 33132972 PMCID: PMC7566043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Italy, general practitioners (GPs) are ensuring continued access to primary care for citizens while also absorbing more of the impact of the crisis than most professional groups. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between dimensions of burnout and various psychological features among Italian GPs during the COVID-19 emergency. A group of 102 GPs completed self-administered questionnaires available online through Google Forms, including Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Resilience Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form (IU), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Cluster analysis highlighted four distinct burnout risk profiles: Low Burnout, Medium Risk, High Risk, and High Burnout. The High Burnout group showed both lower Resilience and lower CISS Task-oriented coping strategy than the Medium Risk group and higher IU Prospective than the Low Burnout group. Results of a linear regression analysis confirmed that CISS Emotion-oriented style positively predicted MBI Emotional Exhaustion, CISS Task-oriented and Emotion-oriented emerged as significant predictors (negatively and positively, respectively) of MBI Depersonalization, and Resilience positively predicted MBI Personal Accomplishment. In conclusion, the results showed that the COVID-19 emergency had a significant impact on GPs’ work management. Implementing task-oriented problem management, rather than emotional strategies, appears to protect against burnout in these circumstances. It is possible that the emotions related to the pandemic are too intense to be regulated and used productively to manage the professional issues that the COVID-19 pandemic presents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Di Monte
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Monaco
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Mariani
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Di Trani
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Martínez-López JÁ, Lázaro-Pérez C, Gómez-Galán J, Fernández-Martínez MDM. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Emergency on Health Professionals: Burnout Incidence at the Most Critical Period in Spain. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3029. [PMID: 32962258 PMCID: PMC7565941 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health profession is a burnout producer due to the continuous contact with pain and suffering. In addition, excessive workloads can generate stress and psychological distress. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the degree of burnout and its main triggers in health professionals in Spain at the most critical period of the COVID-19 emergency. METHOD A quantitative research was developed through a simple random sampling in different Spanish hospitals through the period of greatest impact of the pandemic (N = 157). Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire from Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) containing 22 items, which measures three subscales: emotional burnout, depersonalization, and self-fulfillment. RESULTS depersonalization values reached 38.9%. A total of 90.4% of the health professionals considered that psychological care should be provided from the work centers. Furthermore, 43.3% of the health professionals estimated that they might need psychological treatment in the future. Finally, 85.4% stated that the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) generated an increase in stress and anxiety. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the need to consider specific mental health care services and training in crises to avoid possible psychological disorders. The information obtained is also valuable for the development of future prevention protocols and training of health personnel to face pandemics of these characteristics or emergency scenarios. Having the necessary physical means for their protection, as well to updated regular and accurate information, is essential to avoid feelings of fear and uncertainty. This would promote the health of these professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Martínez-López
- Department of Social Work and Social Services, University of Murcia, Avda. Teniente Flomesta, 5-30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Cristina Lázaro-Pérez
- Department of Sociology, University of Murcia, C/Campus Universitario, 11, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Gómez-Galán
- Department of Education, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- College of Education, Ana G. Méndez University, Cupey Campus, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | - María del Mar Fernández-Martínez
- College of Education Sciences & College of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hardiness and Coping Strategies as Mediators of Stress and Secondary Trauma in Emergency Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The work environment of emergency workers is an important factor related to stress. Coping with the COVID-19 emergency is a factor that is highly related to stress, and severe stress is a risk factor for developing secondary trauma. Coping and resilience can help rescue workers to better respond in emergency situations and could protect them from secondary trauma. We aimed to explore the relationship of emergency stress, hardiness, coping strategies, and secondary trauma among emergency workers and the mediating roles of coping strategies and hardiness on the effect of stress in producing secondary trauma. The study involved 513 emergency workers from the Red Cross Committee in Veneto, one of the Italian regions most affected by the COVID-19. Participants completed questionnaires online to measure emergency stress (physical, emotional, cognitive, organizational‒relational, COVID-19, and inefficacy decisional), hardiness, coping strategies, and secondary trauma. Other variables analyzed were age, gender, weekly hours of service, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). We performed t-tests, a correlational analysis, regressions, and a mediation analysis. Hardiness and coping strategies, in particular, which stop unpleasant emotions and thoughts and problem-focused, emerged as mediators in reducing the predicted effect of stress on secondary trauma. The mediating effects of hardiness and coping strategies were found to reduce the effect of stress on arousal by 15% and the effect on avoidance by 25%.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang J, Wang W, Laureys S, Di H. Burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals who care for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:841. [PMID: 32894132 PMCID: PMC7487695 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is more common among healthcare professionals, that is an important problem of professional distress that can seriously affect healthcare professionals' emotional state, health, medical quality and doctor-patient relationship. However, only few studies researched the burnout status of healthcare professionals who care for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of burnout and related contributing personal and environment factors in healthcare professionals managing these patients. METHODS Institution-based cross-sectional study. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was used to evaluate burnout in professionals who specially care for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness in the neurorehabilitation department. RESULTS A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, 121 were collected, among them 93 questionnaires could be used for further analysis. In this study, 61 participants (65.6%) showed burnout (55.2% physicians and 82.9% nurses). For the risks and Maslach Burnout Inventory scores, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were correlated with age, gender, occupation, marital status, years of practice, and education level. Reduced personal accomplishment was correlated with marital status. The variables of age (< 29 years old), occupation (nurses), marital status (unmarried), years of practice (< 5 years), and educational level (≤ Undergraduate) were associated with high levels of burnout. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare professionals who care for patients with disorders of consciousness experienced high levels of burnout. Especially those who were younger, nurse, unmarried, less practice experience or lower educational levels were more likely to experience high burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- International Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome and Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- International Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome and Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Haibo Di
- International Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome and Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vagni M, Maiorano T, Giostra V, Pajardi D. Coping With COVID-19: Emergency Stress, Secondary Trauma and Self-Efficacy in Healthcare and Emergency Workers in Italy. Front Psychol 2020; 11:566912. [PMID: 33013603 PMCID: PMC7494735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coping with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a significant risk factor for the psychological distress of health workers. Hence, this study explores the relationship between coping strategies used by healthcare and emergency workers in Italy to manage the stress factors related to the COVID-19 emergency, which may result in the risk of developing secondary trauma. We study differences between healthcare (n = 121) and emergency workers (n = 89) in terms of their coping strategies, emergency stress, and secondary trauma, as well as the relationships of these differences to demographic variables and other stress factors (Instructions and Equipment). For this purpose, we collected data from participants through the following questionnaires online: Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale - Italian Version, The Coping Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form, an original questionnaire on stressors, and the Emergency Stress Questionnaire (to assess organizational-relational, physical, decisional inefficacy, emotional, cognitive, and COVID-19 stress). We performed a t-test, correlational analysis, and hierarchical regression. The analyses reveal that compared with the emergency worker group, the health worker group has greater levels of emergency stress and arousal and is more willing to use problem-focused coping. Healthcare workers involved in the treatment of COVID-19 are exposed to a large degree of stress and could experience secondary trauma; hence, it is essential to plan prevention strategies for future pandemic situations. Moreover, individual efficacy in stopping negative emotions and thoughts could be a protective strategy against stress and secondary trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monia Vagni
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Giostra
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniela Pajardi
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Prentice S, Dorstyn D, Benson J, Elliott T. Burnout Levels and Patterns in Postgraduate Medical Trainees: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2020; 95:1444-1454. [PMID: 32271234 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postgraduate medical trainees experience high rates of burnout; however, inconsistencies in definitions of burnout characterize this literature. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining burnout levels and patterns in postgraduate medical trainees, using a continuous conceptualization of burnout, consistent with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) framework. METHOD The authors searched 5 electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, ERIC, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid PsycINFO) between January 1981 and July 2019 for studies reporting postgraduate medical trainees' burnout levels using the MBI-Human Services Survey. They examined study reporting quality using the QualSyst quality appraisal tool and calculated standardized mean differences (Hedges' g), comparing trainees' data with MBI norms for medicine and the overall population using a random effects model. They explored between-study heterogeneity using subgroup analyses (i.e., by training level and specialty). Finally, they studied the combined contribution of these 2 variables (and year of study publication) to burnout levels, using meta-regression. RESULTS The authors identified 2,978 citations and included 89 independent studies in their review. They pooled the data for the 18,509 postgraduate trainees included in these studies for the meta-analyses. Reporting quality was generally high across the included studies. The meta-analyses revealed higher burnout levels among trainees compared with medicine and overall population norms, particularly for the depersonalization subscale. The authors also identified statistically significant differences between nonsurgical and surgical registrars (specialty trainees), with trainees from 12 individual specialties exhibiting unique burnout patterns. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to reduce and prevent burnout early in medical training. Given the differences in burnout levels and patterns across specialties, interventions must focus on the unique patterns exhibited by each specialty in the target population using a multidimensional approach. Standardizing the definition of burnout in accordance with the MBI framework will facilitate progression of this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Prentice
- S. Prentice is a Master of Psychology (Clinical) and PhD candidate, School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, and research support officer, GPEx, Adelaide, South Australia; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-7861
| | - Diana Dorstyn
- D. Dorstyn is senior lecturer, School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-8177
| | - Jill Benson
- J. Benson is senior medical educator, GPEx, and director, Health in Human Diversity Unit, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Taryn Elliott
- T. Elliott is manager of quality & special projects, GPEx, Adelaide, South Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Impact of Advanced Practice Prehospital Programs on Health Care Costs and ED Overcrowding: A Literature Review. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2020; 42:128-136. [PMID: 32358429 DOI: 10.1097/tme.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Health care costs in the United States continue to increase, requiring solutions that permit safe, quality care with a lower financial investment. Utilization of the emergency department for nonemergent care is considered to be one of the costliest, and most preventable methods of health care delivery. This review seeks to demonstrate how advanced practice prehospital programs can potentially decrease the cost of health care without sacrificing quality or safety. Utilization of the emergency department for nonemergent care contributes to the escalating cost of health care as well as to emergency department overcrowding. Advanced practice prehospital programs are a novel approach to potentially decreasing health care costs and emergency department overcrowding. This review introduces the current state of health care costs, emergency department overcrowding, and advanced practice prehospital programs. Further research is needed to determine the actual fiscal impact of these programs.
Collapse
|
45
|
Portero de la Cruz S, Cebrino J, Herruzo J, Vaquero-Abellán M. A Multicenter Study into Burnout, Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, Coping Strategies, and General Health among Emergency Department Nursing Staff. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041007. [PMID: 32252444 PMCID: PMC7230883 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout is a major problem among nurses working in emergency departments and is closely related to a high turnover of personnel, nursing errors, and patient dissatisfaction. The aims of this study were to estimate burnout, perceived stress, job satisfaction, coping and general health levels experienced by nurses working in emergency departments in Spain and to analyze the relationships between sociodemographic, occupational, and psychological variables and the occurrence of burnout syndrome among these professionals. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four emergency departments in Andalusia (Spain) from March to December 2016. The study sample was composed of n = 171 nurses. An ad hoc questionnaire was prepared to collect sociodemographic and work data, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Font–Roja Questionnaire, the Brief Cope Orientation to Problem Experience and the General Health Questionnaire were used. The prevalence of high burnout was 8.19%. The levels of perceived stress and job satisfaction were moderate. The most frequent clinical manifestations were social dysfunction and somatic symptoms, and problem-focused coping was the strategy most used by nurses. Lack of physical exercise, gender, years worked at an emergency department, anxiety, social dysfunction, and avoidance coping were significant predictors of the dimensions of burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Portero de la Cruz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-218-093
| | - Jesús Cebrino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Avda. Doctor Fedriani, S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Javier Herruzo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Cordoba, C/ San Alberto Magno, S/N, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Manuel Vaquero-Abellán
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Carrieri D, Pearson M, Mattick K, Papoutsi C, Briscoe S, Wong G, Jackson M. Interventions to minimise doctors’ mental ill-health and its impacts on the workforce and patient care: the Care Under Pressure realist review. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr08190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The growing incidence of mental ill-health in health professionals, including doctors, is a global concern. Although a large body of literature exists on interventions that offer support, advice and/or treatment to sick doctors, it has not yet been synthesised in a way that takes account of the complexity and heterogeneity of the interventions, and the many dimensions (e.g. individual, organisational, sociocultural) of the problem.
Objectives
Our aim was to improve understanding of how, why and in what contexts mental health services and support interventions can be designed to minimise the incidence of doctors’ mental ill-health. The objectives were to review interventions to tackle doctors’ mental ill-health and its impact on the clinical workforce and patient care, drawing on diverse literature sources and engaging iteratively with diverse stakeholder perspectives to produce actionable theory; and recommendations that support the tailoring, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of contextually sensitive strategies to tackle mental ill-health and its impacts.
Design
Realist literature review consistent with the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards quality and reporting standards.
Data sources
Bibliographic database searches were developed and conducted using MEDLINE (1946 to November week 4 2017), MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-indexed Citations (1946 to 6 December 2017) and PsycINFO (1806 to November week 2 2017) (all via Ovid) and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (1987 to 6 December 2017) (via ProQuest) on 6 December 2017. Further UK-based studies were identified by forwards and author citation searches, manual backwards citation searching and hand-searching relevant journal websites.
Review methods
We included all studies that focused on mental ill-health; all study designs; all health-care settings; all studies that included medical doctors/medical students; descriptions of interventions or resources that focus on improving mental ill-health and minimising its impacts; all mental health outcome measures, including absenteeism (doctors taking short-/long-term sick leave); presenteeism (doctors working despite being unwell); and workforce retention (doctors leaving the profession temporarily/permanently). Data were extracted from included articles and the data set was subjected to realist analysis to identify context–mechanism–outcome configurations.
Results
A total of 179 out of 3069 records were included. Most were from the USA (45%) and had been published since 2009 (74%). More included articles focused on structural-level interventions (33%) than individual-level interventions (21%), but most articles (46%) considered both levels. Most interventions focused on prevention, rather than treatment/screening, and most studies referred to doctors/physicians in general, rather than to specific specialties or career stages. Nineteen per cent of the included sources provided cost information and none reported a health economic analysis. The 19 context–mechanism–outcome configurations demonstrated that doctors were more likely to experience mental ill-health when they felt isolated or unable to do their job, and when they feared repercussions of help-seeking. Healthy staff were necessary for excellent patient care. Interventions emphasising relationships and belonging were more likely to promote well-being. Interventions creating a people-focused working culture, balancing positive/negative performance and acknowledging positive/negative aspects of a medical career helped doctors to thrive. The way that interventions were implemented seemed critically important. Doctors needed to have confidence in an intervention for the intervention to be effective.
Limitations
Variable quality of included literature; limited UK-based studies.
Future work
Use this evidence synthesis to refine, implement and evaluate interventions.
Study registration
This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42017069870.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 19. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Carrieri
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark Pearson
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Karen Mattick
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Chrysanthi Papoutsi
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Briscoe
- Exeter HSDR Evidence Synthesis Centre, Institute of Health Research, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Jackson
- Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
ALmutairi MN, El Mahalli AA. Burnout and Coping Methods among Emergency Medical Services Professionals. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:271-279. [PMID: 32214822 PMCID: PMC7083646 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s244303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine levels of burnout among emergency medical services (EMS) professionals and the coping strategies they use to alleviate burnout and measure the association between burnout vs sociodemographic and work-related characteristics and coping strategies of EMS professionals. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey study conducted among 270 active-duty EMS professionals. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) — Health Services Survey was used to assess burnout. There are three scales of burnout: depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal achievement. Coping Methods Checklist (CMC) was used to assess coping strategies. Univariate descriptive statistics were used to explore sociodemographic characteristics of participants, level of burnout, and coping strategies. Primary bivariate analyses were used to determine variables significantly correlated with each of the three MBI scores. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore correlation between variables measured in the survey with each of the three MBI scales (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment). Results EMS professionals perceived high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low levels of personal achievement. The most frequently used coping strategies were talking with colleagues (87.4%), looking forward to being off duty (82.6%), and thinking about the positive benefits of work (81.1%). CMC7 (thinking about the positive benefits of work) contributed most to variations in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. Saudis had lower emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Conclusion This study might provide evidence to formulate comprehensive training on how EMS workers can cope with burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azza Ali El Mahalli
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Parsons M, Bailitz J, Chung AS, Mannix A, Battaglioli N, Clinton M, Gottlieb M. Evidence-Based Interventions that Promote Resident Wellness from the Council of Emergency Residency Directors. West J Emerg Med 2020; 21:412-422. [PMID: 32191199 PMCID: PMC7081870 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2019.11.42961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiatives for addressing resident wellness are a recent requirement of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in response to high rates of resident burnout nationally. We review the literature on wellness and burnout in residency education with a focus on assessment, individual-level interventions, and systemic or organizational interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Parsons
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John Bailitz
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Arlene S Chung
- Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Alexandra Mannix
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Nicole Battaglioli
- Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Michelle Clinton
- Carilion Clinic, Department of Emergency Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Rush Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Greenslade JH, Wallis MC, Johnston A, Carlström E, Wilhelms D, Thom O, Abraham L, Crilly J. Development of a revised Jalowiec Coping Scale for use by emergency clinicians: a cross-sectional scale development study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e033053. [PMID: 31796493 PMCID: PMC7003388 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure the coping strategies used by emergency staff in response to workplace stress. To achieve this aim, we developed a refined Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS), termed the Jalowiec Coping Scale-Emergency Department (JCS-ED) and validated this scale on a sample of emergency clinicians. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey incorporating the JCS, the working environment scale-10 and a measure of workplace stressors was administered between July 2016 and June 2017. The JCS-ED was developed in three stages: 1) item reduction through content matter experts, 2) exploratory factor analysis for further item reduction and to identify the factor structure of the revised scale and 3) confirmatory factor analyses to confirm the factors identified within the exploratory factor analysis. SETTING Six Emergency Departments (EDs) in Australia and four in Sweden. There were three tertiary hospitals, five large urban hospitals and two small urban hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Participants were eligible for inclusion if they worked full-time or part-time as medical or nursing staff in the study EDs. The median age of participants was 35 years (IQR: 28-45 years) and they had been working in the ED for a median of 5 years (IQR: 2-10 years). 79% were females and 76% were nurses. RESULTS A total of 875 ED staff completed the survey (response rate 51%). The content matter experts reduced the 60-item scale to 32 items. Exploratory factor analyses then further reduced the scale to 18 items assessing three categories of coping: problem-focussed coping, positive emotion-focussed coping and negative emotion-focussed coping. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this three-factor structure. Negative coping strategies were associated with poor perceptions of the work environment and higher ratings of stress. CONCLUSIONS The JCS-ED assesses maladaptive coping strategies along with problem-focussed and emotion-focussed coping styles. It is a short instrument that is likely to be useful in measuring the types of coping strategies employed by staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaimi H Greenslade
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Public Health annd Social Work, Queensland University of Technology Faculty of Health, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marianne C Wallis
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy Johnston
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Work, University of Queensland-St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric Carlström
- Health and Crisis Management and Policy, Sahlgrenska Akademin, Goteborgs Universitet, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Wilhelms
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Ogilvie Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louisa Abraham
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia Crilly
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health Service District, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bullington J, Söderlund M, Bos Sparén E, Kneck Å, Omérov P, Cronqvist A. Communication skills in nursing: A phenomenologically-based communication training approach. Nurse Educ Pract 2019; 39:136-141. [PMID: 31487674 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to present a communication skills training curriculum for nursing students, based upon phenomenology. Research shows that nurses have difficulty prioritizing dialogue with patients, due to lack of time, organizational and cultural factors. Like other health care professionals, nurses may also have difficulties communicating with patients due to personal fears and shortcomings. The communication training curriculum based upon phenomenology aims at systematically training students to stay focused upon patients' and relatives' narratives, allowing them to reflect upon and better understand their current situation. This approach to communication is applicable in any clinical situation where it important to provide space for the patients' experiences. The philosophical principles guiding the training are presented here as well as the practical steps in the program. Finally, the approach is compared to other common communication methods used in nursing (motivational interviewing, caring conversations, empathy training). The authors hope that the article will highlight the nurses' role as dialogue partner as well as emphasize the importance of communication skills training in nursing education. This approach can be refined, tested and modified in future research and may serve as an inspirational model for creating a generic communicative competence for nurses. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bullington
- Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Department of Health Care Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mona Söderlund
- Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Department of Health Care Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elisabeth Bos Sparén
- Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Department of Health Care Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Kneck
- Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Department of Health Care Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pernilla Omérov
- Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Department of Health Care Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Cronqvist
- Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Department of Health Care Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|