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Elhemiely AA, Darwish A. Pharmacological and biochemical insights into lead-induced hepatotoxicity: Pathway interplay and the protective effects of arbutin via the oral and intraperitoneal routes in silico and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:112968. [PMID: 39226827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead acetate (PbAc), a hazardous heavy metal, poses significant threats to human health and the environment because of widespread industrial exposure. PbAc exposure leads to liver injury primarily through oxidative stress and the disruption of key regulatory pathways. Understanding these mechanisms and exploring protective agents are vital for mitigating PbAc-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the molecular pathways implicated in PbAc-induced liver damage, focusing on Sirt-1, Nrf2 (HO-1, NQO1, and SOD), Akt-1/GSK3β, m-TOR, and P53. Additionally, we aimed to assess the hepatoprotective effects of arbutin, which is administered orally and intraperitoneally, to determine the most effective delivery method. METHODOLOGY In silico analyses were conducted to identify relevant protein networks associated with Sirt-1 and AKT-1/GSK-3B pathways. The pharmacodynamic properties of arbutin were examined, followed by molecular docking studies to elucidate its interactions with the selected protein network. In vivo preclinical studies were carried out on adult male rats randomly assigned to 6 different treatment groups, including PbAc exposure and PbAc exposure treated with arbutin either orally or intraperitoneally. RESULTS PbAc exposure led to hepatic oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated MDA levels and SIRT-1 inhibition, disrupting antioxidant pathways and activating antiautophagic and proapoptotic pathways, ultimately resulting in hepatocyte necrosis. Both oral and intraperitoneal arbutin administration effectively modifed these effects, with intraperitoneal delivery showing superior efficacy in mitigating PbAc-induced histological, immunological, and biochemical alterations. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PbAc-induced liver injury and highlights the hepatoprotective potential of arbutin. These findings suggest that arbutin, particularly when administered intraperitoneally, holds promise as a therapeutic agent for combating PbAc-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alshaymaa Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
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2
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Hu Y, He B, Cao Q, Li Y, Tang Y, Cao T, Peng B, Zhou X, Liu S. Crosstalk of ferroptosis and oxidative stress in infectious diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1315935. [PMID: 38131014 PMCID: PMC10733455 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1315935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that pathogens can leverage to enhance their replication, transmission, and pathogenicity. Hosts typically combat pathogenic infections by utilizing oxidative stress as a defense mechanism. Nonetheless, some pathogens can trigger considerable oxidative stress while infecting, inducing an intense inflammatory response in the host's immune system and activating cell death. The process of ferroptosis is closely linked to oxidative stress, with their interaction exerting a substantial impact on the outcome of infectious diseases. This article presents an overview of the interrelated mechanisms of both Ferroptosis and oxidative stress in infectious diseases, identifying potential targets for treating such diseases in the context of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuangquan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Kalantari L, Ghotbabadi ZR, Gholipour A, Ehymayed HM, Najafiyan B, Amirlou P, Yasamineh S, Gholizadeh O, Emtiazi N. A state-of-the-art review on the NRF2 in Hepatitis virus-associated liver cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:318. [PMID: 37946175 PMCID: PMC10633941 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
According to a paper released and submitted to WHO by IARC scientists, there would be 905,700 new cases of liver cancer diagnosed globally in 2020, with 830,200 deaths expected as a direct result. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) all play critical roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), despite the rising prevalence of HCC due to non-infectious causes. Liver cirrhosis and HCC are devastating consequences of HBV and HCV infections, which are widespread worldwide. Associated with a high mortality rate, these infections cause about 1.3 million deaths annually and are the primary cause of HCC globally. In addition to causing insertional mutations due to viral gene integration, epigenetic alterations and inducing chronic immunological dysfunction are all methods by which these viruses turn hepatocytes into cancerous ones. While expanding our knowledge of the illness, identifying these pathways also give possibilities for novel diagnostic and treatment methods. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation is gaining popularity as a treatment option for oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities. Numerous studies have shown that elevated Nrf2 expression is linked to HCC, providing more evidence that Nrf2 is a critical factor in HCC. This aberrant Nrf2 signaling drives cell proliferation, initiates angiogenesis and invasion, and imparts drug resistance. As a result, this master regulator may be a promising treatment target for HCC. In addition, the activation of Nrf2 is a common viral effect that contributes to the pathogenesis, development, and chronicity of virus infection. However, certain viruses suppress Nrf2 activity, which is helpful to the virus in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this paper, we discussed the influence of Nrf2 deregulation on the viral life cycle and the pathogenesis associated with HBV and HCV. We summed up the mechanisms for the modulation of Nrf2 that are deregulated by these viruses. Moreover, we describe the molecular mechanism by which Nrf2 is modulated in liver cancer, liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs), and liver cancer caused by HBV and HCV. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Arsalan Gholipour
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Najafiyan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parsa Amirlou
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nikoo Emtiazi
- Department of Pathology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Lu Y, Hu J, Chen L, Li S, Yuan M, Tian X, Cao P, Qiu Z. Ferroptosis as an emerging therapeutic target in liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1196287. [PMID: 37256232 PMCID: PMC10225528 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1196287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependently nonapoptotic cell death characterized by excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and cellular iron metabolism disturbances. Impaired iron homeostasis and dysregulation of metabolic pathways are contributors to ferroptosis. As a major metabolic hub, the liver synthesizes and transports plasma proteins and endogenous fatty acids. Also, it acts as the primary location of iron storage for hepcidin generation and secretion. To date, although the intricate correlation between ferroptosis and liver disorders needs to be better defined, there is no doubt that ferroptosis participates in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Accordingly, pharmacological induction and inhibition of ferroptosis show significant potential for the treatment of hepatic disorders involved in lipid peroxidation. In this review, we outline the prominent features, molecular mechanisms, and modulatory networks of ferroptosis and its physiopathologic functions in the progression of liver diseases. Further, this review summarizes the underlying mechanisms by which ferroptosis inducers and inhibitors ameliorate liver diseases. It is noteworthy that natural active ingredients show efficacy in preclinical liver disease models by regulating ferroptosis. Finally, we analyze crucial concepts and urgent issues concerning ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic target in the diagnosis and therapy of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianxiang Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Smirnova OA, Ivanova ON, Mukhtarov F, Valuev-Elliston VT, Fedulov AP, Rubtsov PM, Zakirova NF, Kochetkov SN, Bartosch B, Ivanov AV. Hepatitis Delta Virus Antigens Trigger Oxidative Stress, Activate Antioxidant Nrf2/ARE Pathway, and Induce Unfolded Protein Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040974. [PMID: 37107349 PMCID: PMC10136299 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a viroid-like satellite that may co-infect individuals together with hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as cause superinfection by infecting patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Being a defective virus, HDV requires HBV structural proteins for virion production. Although the virus encodes just two forms of its single antigen, it enhances the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis in CHB patients and increases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. HDV pathogenesis so far has been attributed to virus-induced humoral and cellular immune responses, while other factors have been neglected. Here, we evaluated the impact of the virus on the redox status of hepatocytes, as oxidative stress is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of various viruses, including HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We show that the overexpression of large HDV antigen (L-HDAg) or autonomous replication of the viral genome in cells leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also leads to the upregulated expression of NADPH oxidases 1 and 4, cytochrome P450 2E1, and ER oxidoreductin 1α, which have previously been shown to mediate oxidative stress induced by HCV. Both HDV antigens also activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway, which controls the expression of a spectrum of antioxidant enzymes. Finally, HDV and its large antigen also induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the concomitant unfolded protein response (UPR). In conclusion, HDV may enhance oxidative and ER stress induced by HBV, thus aggravating HBV-associated pathologies, including inflammation, liver fibrosis, and the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga N Ivanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Furkat Mukhtarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Artemy P Fedulov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Petr M Rubtsov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia F Zakirova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69434 Lyon, France
| | - Alexander V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Gao T, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Chen Y. Butyrate Ameliorates Insufficient Sleep-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Damage in Humans and Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0200022. [PMID: 36541814 PMCID: PMC9927315 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02000-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is a key factor in the occurrence of intestinal diseases. This study was performed to clarify how sleep deficiency mediates the intestinal microbiota, metabolite butyrate disturbance induces intestinal mucosal damage, and butyrate ameliorates it. A questionnaire was launched for sleep and intestinal health issues. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were interviewed, and the influence of insufficient sleep on the gut microbiota and metabolite composition was explored. Moreover, a 72-h sleep deprivation (SD) mouse model with or without butyrate supplementation was used to reveal the effect of butyrate on ameliorating small intestines damage caused by SD. The questionnaire survey of 534 college students showed that among 85.39% of the students who slept less than 7 h, 41.76% were suffering from various bowel disorders. High-throughput 16S rRNA pyrosequencing demonstrated that SD and sleep restriction (SR) resulted in downregulation of Faecalibacterium and butyrate abundance in the feces of college students. Furthermore, we observed that butyrate supplementation markedly reversed sleep-deprivation-induced small intestinal mucosal injury in mice. Meanwhile, butyrate supplementation inverted the SD-caused inflammation response and oxidative stress and the decline of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK-3β), β-catenin, Nrf2, and cyclin D1 and the increase in histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and phospho-P65 (p-P65) proteins in the small intestines. Furthermore, in vitro, the ameliorative effects of butyrate were blocked by treatment with the HDAC3 agonist ITSA-1 and the Nrf2 antagonist ML385 and mimicked by treatment with the HDAC3 antagonist RGFP966 and p-P65 antagonist PDTC. Our study revealed that SD and SR downregulated butyrate production, further causing intestinal homeostasis dysfunction via the HDAC3-p-GSK-3β-β-catenin-Nrf2-NF-κB pathway. IMPORTANCE Radical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced by sleep deficiency is a serious global public health threat. Butyrate, a member of the short-chain fatty acids, exerts multiple effects on it. However, existing research focuses on injury to the colon caused by insufficient sleep, while the changes in the small intestines are often overlooked. This study focused on revealing the influence of insufficient sleep on the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites and further revealed the ameliorative effect of butyrate on sleep deprivation (SD)-induced small intestinal mucosal damage in human and mice. Our studies suggest that butyrate can be used as a probiotic to restore SD-induced IBD and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that govern the beneficial effects of butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
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Reciprocal REG γ-Nrf2 Regulation Promotes Long Period ROS Scavenging in Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4743885. [PMID: 36659906 PMCID: PMC9845040 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4743885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decline of adaptive response of antioxidants to oxidative stimuli has been implicated in the aging process. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation is a core event in attenuating oxidative stress-associated aging. The activity is modulated by a more complex regulatory network. In this study, we demonstrate the proteasome activator REGγ function as a new regulator of Nrf2 activity upon oxidative stress in cell aging model induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). REGγ deficiency promotes cell senescence in primary MEF cells after H2O2 treatment. Accordingly, ROS scavenging is accelerated in WT cells but blunted in REGγ lacking cells during 12-hour recovery from a 1-hour H2O2 treatment, indicating long-lasting antioxidant buffering capacity of REGγ. Mechanistically, through GSK-3β inhibition, REGγ enhances the nuclear distribution and transcriptional activity of Nrf2, which is surveyed by induction of phase II enzymes including Ho1 and Nqo1. Meanwhile, Nrf2 mediates the transcriptional activation of REGγ upon H2O2 stimulation. More interestingly, short-term exposure to H2O2 leads to transiently upregulation and gradually descent of REGγ transcription, however sustained higher REGγ protein level even in the absence of H2O2 for 24 hours. Thus, our results establish a positive feedback loop between REGγ and Nrf2 and a new layer of adaptive response after oxidative stimulation that is the REGγ-GSK-3β-Nrf2 pathway.
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Role of Nrf2 in aging, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101756. [PMID: 36243357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-Erythroid Factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that regulates the expression of large number of genes in healthy and disease states. Nrf2 is made up of 605 amino acids and contains 7 conserved regions known as Nrf2-ECH homology domains. Nrf2 regulates the expression of several key components of oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, autophagy and mitochondrial function in all organs of the human body, in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Mounting evidence also suggests that altered expression of Nrf2 is largely involved in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Multiple sclerosis and others. The purpose of this article is to detail the essential role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress, antioxidative defense, detoxification, inflammatory responses, transcription factors, proteasomal and autophagic/mitophagic degradation, and metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This article also highlights the Nrf2 structural and functional activities in healthy and disease states, and also discusses the current status of Nrf2 research and therapeutic strategies to treat aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Elsisi AE, Elmarhoumy EH, Osman EY. Protective effect of cilostazol and verapamil against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats may involve Nrf2/GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:718-729. [PMID: 36337252 PMCID: PMC9618097 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verapamil (VER) and cilostazol (Cilo) are mostly used as cardiovascular drugs; they have beneficial effects on different organs toxicities. AIM we investigated whether the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway involved in the protective role of these drugs against Thioacetamide (TAA) induced hepatotoxicity. METHOD male rats were randomized divided into five groups, each group (n = 10): control, TAA, VER+TAA, Cilo+TAA, and VER+Cilo+TAA groups. Hepatotoxicity induced in rats by TAA injection once on the 7th day of the experiment. RESULTS TAA-induced hepatotoxicity indicated by a significant elevated in serum markers (Alanine aminotransferases (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferases (AST), and bilirubin), oxidative stress markers (Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Nitric oxide (NO)), and protein levels markers (NF-κB, and S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4)). Also, TAA decreased Nrf2, and increased GSK-3β genes expression. Histopathological alterations in the liver also appeared as a response to TAA injection. On the other hand VER and/or Cilo significantly prevented TAA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through significantly decreased in ALT, AST, bilirubin, MDA, NO, NF-κB, and S100A4 protein levels. Also, they increased Nrf2 and decreased GSK-3β genes expression which caused improvement in the histopathological changes of the liver. CONCLUSION the addition of verapamil to cilostazol potentiated the hepatoprotective activity, and inhibited the progression of hepatotoxicity caused by TAA through the Nrf2/GSK-3β/NF-κBpathway and their activity on oxidative stress, inflammation, and NF-κB protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Esraa H Elmarhoumy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Enass Y Osman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Wang Z, Ma J, He Y, Miu KK, Yao S, Tang C, Ye Y, Lin G. Nrf2-mediated liver protection by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid against pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced toxicity through PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154162. [PMID: 35598524 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misusage of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing plants or unaware intake of PA-contaminated foodstuffs causes thousands of PA poisoning cases in humans. PA intoxication is accompanied by oxidative stress and subsequent extensive hepatocellular damage. Our previous study has demonstrated that 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a bioactive constituent of liquorice, prevented PA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, however the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying the hepato-protective effect of GA in combating retrorsine (RTS, a representative toxic PA)-induced liver injury. METHODS Histological and biochemical assessments were employed to evaluate the protective effect of GA on RTS-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sulforhodamine B assay, real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunostaining were used to explore the underlying mechanisms in human hepatocytes and rats. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that GA alleviated RTS-induced elevation of serum ALT and bilirubin levels, as well as hepatocytes necrosis and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) damage in rats. GA also enhanced the activities and expressions of several antioxidant enzymes through upregulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor2 (Nrf2). Moreover, inhibition of Nrf2 blocked the hepatoprotective effect of GA against RTS intoxication. Mechanistically, GA increased the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and enhanced glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) inhibitory phosphorylation at serine 9, thus promoting the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and activating its downstream targets. CONCLUSION This study for the first time demonstrated that GA exerted protective effects against RTS-induced liver injury by potentiating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant system through PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. The findings indicated that GA may serve as a potential candidate drug for the treatment of PA intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangting Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 505A, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 505A, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 505A, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai-Kei Miu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 505A, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 505A, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Saleh DO, Mahmoud SS, Hassan A, Sanad EF. Doxorubicin-induced hepatic toxicity in rats: Mechanistic protective role of Omega-3 fatty acids through Nrf2/HO-1 activation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β axis modulation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103308. [PMID: 35677895 PMCID: PMC9167977 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a common antibiotic used to treat a variety of tumors, has several substantial adverse effects that limit its clinical use. As a result, finding effective protective agents to combat DOX-induced organ damage is a necessity. The current study was set to delineate the hepatoprotective role of omega‐3 fatty acids (ω-3FA) against DOX-mediated acute liver damage in rats and the underlined mechanism of GSK-3β inhibition. Five groups of rats were orally received either saline (groups 1 & 2) or ω-3FA (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day; groups 3, 4 & 5, respectively) for 28 consecutive days. Single DOX intraperitoneal injection (20 mg/kg) was used to induce hepatic toxicity in all groups except group 1 (negative control). Blood samples and liver tissues were collected 48-hr after injection. Our results revealed that pre-administration of ω-3FA (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) to DOX-induced hepatic injured rats showed a significant reduction in serum hepatic injury biomarkers (ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin) as well as hepatic contents of MDA, GSH, Nrf2 and HO-1. Additionally, hepatic PI3K, pAkt and GSK-3β have been restored significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, all the hepatic histopathological features have been retained upon ω-3FA treatment together with the immunostaining intensity of tumor necrosis factor-α and caspase-3. These results suggest that ω-3FA have shown a marked activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and modulation of the PI3K/pAkt/GSK-3β axis against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity.
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12
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Chen CL, Tseng PC, Satria RD, Nguyen TT, Tsai CC, Lin CF. Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Interferon-γ-Mediated Immune Hepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094669. [PMID: 35563060 PMCID: PMC9101719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a serine/threonine kinase, is a vital glycogen synthase regulator controlling glycogen synthesis, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling. GSK-3 is widely expressed in different types of cells, and its abundant roles in cellular bioregulation have been speculated. Abnormal GSK-3 activation and inactivation may affect its original bioactivity. Moreover, active and inactive GSK-3 can regulate several cytosolic factors and modulate their diverse cellular functional roles. Studies in experimental liver disease models have illustrated the possible pathological role of GSK-3 in facilitating acute hepatic injury. Pharmacologically targeting GSK-3 is therefore suggested as a therapeutic strategy for liver protection. Furthermore, while the signaling transduction of GSK-3 facilitates proinflammatory interferon (IFN)-γ in vitro and in vivo, the blockade of GSK-3 can be protective, as shown by an IFN-γ-induced immune hepatitis model. In this study, we explored the possible regulation of GSK-3 and the potential relevance of GSK-3 blockade in IFN-γ-mediated immune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Rahmat Dani Satria
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Clinical Laboratory Installation, Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thuy Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan
- Department of Long Term Care Management, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (C.-F.L.)
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13
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Marchetti B, Giachino C, Tirolo C, Serapide MF. "Reframing" dopamine signaling at the intersection of glial networks in the aged Parkinsonian brain as innate Nrf2/Wnt driver: Therapeutical implications. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13575. [PMID: 35262262 PMCID: PMC9009237 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) signaling via G protein‐coupled receptors is a multifunctional neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine–immune modulator. The DA nigrostriatal pathway, which controls the motor coordination, progressively degenerates in Parkinson's disease (PD), a most common neurodegenerative disorder (ND) characterized by a selective, age‐dependent loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons, where DA itself is a primary source of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment, intersecting astrocyte and microglial inflammatory networks. Importantly, glia acts as a preferential neuroendocrine–immune DA target, in turn, counter‐modulating inflammatory processes. With a major focus on DA intersection within the astrocyte–microglial inflammatory network in PD vulnerability, we herein first summarize the characteristics of DA signaling systems, the propensity of DA neurons to oxidative stress, and glial inflammatory triggers dictating the vulnerability to PD. Reciprocally, DA modulation of astrocytes and microglial reactivity, coupled to the synergic impact of gene–environment interactions, then constitute a further level of control regulating midbrain DA neuron (mDAn) survival/death. Not surprisingly, within this circuitry, DA converges to modulate nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β‐catenin signaling, a key pathway for mDAn neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation, adding to the already complex “signaling puzzle,” a novel actor in mDAn–glial regulatory machinery. Here, we propose an autoregulatory feedback system allowing DA to act as an endogenous Nrf2/Wnt innate modulator and trace the importance of DA receptor agonists applied to the clinic as immune modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | | | - Cataldo Tirolo
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
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14
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Zhou F, Yao L, Lu X, Li Y, Han X, Wang P. Therapeutic Targeting of GSK3β-Regulated Nrf2 and NFκB Signaling Pathways by Salvianolic Acid A Ameliorates Peritoneal Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:804899. [PMID: 35321474 PMCID: PMC8936188 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.804899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a devastating complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, with no definite therapy yet available. Salvia miltiorrhiza and its major active component Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) have demonstrated a beneficial effect in myriad diseases. However, their effect on peritoneal fibrosis is unknown. In murine models of peritoneal dialysis, daily Sal A treatment substantially improved the peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) elicited peritoneal fibrosis, marked by thickening of the submesothelial compact zone, accumulation of extracellular matrix and increased expression of vimentin and PAI-1, concomitant with attenuation of GSK3β hyperactivity. This coincided with diminished nitrotyrosine in peritoneal tissues and increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, entailing a lessened oxidative injury and reinforced Nrf2 antioxidant response. Meanwhile, inflammatory infiltration and maladaptive angiogenesis in peritoneal tissues provoked by PDF injury were also mitigated by Sal A, associated with a suppressed NFκB activation. Mechanistically, ectopic expression of the constitutively active GSK3β blunted the NFκB-suppressing and Nrf2-activating efficacy of Sal A in peritoneal mesothelial cells exposed to hypertonic dextrose, suggesting that GSK3β inhibition mediates the protective effect of Sal A. Collectively, our findings may open the avenue for developing a novel therapy based on Sal A for preventing peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Blood Purification Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Blood Purification Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Blood Purification Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingmin Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Blood Purification Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pei Wang
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15
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Boulahtouf Z, Virzì A, Baumert TF, Verrier ER, Lupberger J. Signaling Induced by Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Dependence and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052787. [PMID: 35269929 PMCID: PMC8911453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral hepatitis is a main cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are striking similarities in the pathological impact of hepatitis B, C, and D, although these diseases are caused by very different viruses. Paired with the conventional study of protein-host interactions, the rapid technological development of -omics and bioinformatics has allowed highlighting the important role of signaling networks in viral pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an integrated look on the three major viruses associated with chronic viral hepatitis in patients, summarizing similarities and differences in virus-induced cellular signaling relevant to the viral life cycles and liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Alessia Virzì
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Eloi R. Verrier
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Huang S, Wang Y, Xie S, Lai Y, Mo C, Zeng T, Kuang S, Deng G, Zhou C, Chen Y, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Hepatic TGFβr1 Deficiency Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure Through Inhibiting GSK3β-Nrf2-Mediated Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Ferroptosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1649-1672. [PMID: 35202887 PMCID: PMC9046809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a condition with high mortality and morbidity, characterized by glutathione depletion, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ferroptosis may be involved in ALF. Indeed, emerging studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a significant role in ALF. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis in hepatocytes during ALF remains unknown. METHODS Hepatic-specific transforming growth factor β receptor 1 knockout (TGFβr1Δhep-CKO) mice and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice were generated and subjected to ALF. Electron microscopy was used to detect mitochondrial and other cell substructure changes during ALF. RESULTS In this study, we noticed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced caspases-mediated apoptosis as current research reported, we also found lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and glutathione, co-enzyme Q10 system inhibition mediated ferroptosis during LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF. Rescue studies have shown that ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM), the inhibitor of ferroptosis, could alleviate LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF. In addition, we noticed that TGFβ1 was increased during ALF, while ALF was relieved in TGFβr1Δhep-CKO mice. We also noticed that liver TGFβr1 deficiency alleviated LPS/D-GalN-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis by affecting the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and Nrf2, a key antioxidant factor, by up-regulating the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), glutamine antiporter xCT (XCT), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), and down-regulating transferrin receptor (TFR), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (Ptgs2), chaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1), and cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) expression. The further supplemental experiment showed that ferroptosis was aggravated significantly in Nrf2-/- mice compared with its wild-type controls and reversed by ferrostatin-1. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that TGFβr1 plays a critical role in mediating LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF by promoting apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Shaohui Huang, Zhiping Lv, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chan Mo
- Medical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Kuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdeng Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Gao
- ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Correspondence Corresponding author address: Lei Gao, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510285, China.
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Shaohui Huang, Zhiping Lv, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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17
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Huang S, Hu S, Liu S, Tang B, Liu Y, Tang L, Lei Y, Zhong L, Yang S, He S. Lithium carbonate alleviates colon inflammation through modulating gut microbiota and Treg cells in a GPR43-dependent manner. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:105992. [PMID: 34801681 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that neuropsychiatric stabilizers have a place in resolving gastrointestinal disorders. Lithium carbonate (LC) is one of the most commonly used drugs for bipolar disorder clinically. Here, we estimate the therapeutic function of LC against colitis and investigate the mechanism of intestinal flora and metabolism modulation. METHODS A colitis model was constructed by continuously administering 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution daily for 7 days. Analysis of gut microbiota was carried out by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABX) and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were employed to evaluate the protective effect of intestinal flora. Colonic Treg cells and related immune responses were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS LC treatment significantly alleviated colon inflammation by regulating gut microbial diversity and altering flora composition. Notably, LC treatment upregulated short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, especially Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), and transformed metabolite SCFA profiles. LC activated anti-inflammatory Treg cell responses in colonic lamina propria (LP) in a G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43)-dependent mechanism. ABX, FMT and single bacteria gavage experiments were conducted to confirm the above mechanism. CONCLUSIONS As an intestinal microbiome and metabolite modulator, LC alleviates colon inflammation in a GPR43-dependent manner through activating Treg cell responses. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy of the microbiome-metabolite-immune axis, as observed in the A. muciniphila-SCFA-Treg cell axis in our study, might provide a new direction for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Military Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Military Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Military Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yaojiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Military Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Military Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Military Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Military Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Song He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Cultivation of Cells in a Physiological Plasmax Medium Increases Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity and Reduces Replication Levels of RNA Viruses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010097. [PMID: 35052601 PMCID: PMC8772912 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in metabolic pathways are often associated with the development of various pathologies including cancer, inflammatory diseases, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Identification of the particular metabolic events that are dysregulated may yield strategies for pharmacologic intervention. However, such studies are hampered by the use of classic cell media that do not reflect the metabolite composition that exists in blood plasma and which cause non-physiological adaptations in cultured cells. In recent years two groups presented media that aim to reflect the composition of human plasma, namely human plasma-like medium (HPLM) and Plasmax. Here we describe that, in four different mammalian cell lines, Plasmax enhances mitochondrial respiration. This is associated with the formation of vast mitochondrial networks and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, cells cultivated in Plasmax displayed significantly less lysosomes than when any standard media were used. Finally, cells cultivated in Plasmax support replication of various RNA viruses, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) influenza A virus (IAV), severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and several others, albeit at lower levels and with delayed kinetics. In conclusion, studies of metabolism in the context of viral infections, especially those concerning mitochondria, lysosomes, or redox systems, should be performed in Plasmax medium.
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Meng X, Zhang L, Han B, Zhang Z. PHLDA3 inhibition protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response via the Akt/Nrf2 axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2266-2277. [PMID: 34351043 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3 (PHLDA3) has a particularly critical role in regulating cell survival under stress conditions. However, whether PHLDA3 plays a role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury has not been studied. We aimed to assess the possible role of PHLDA3 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. PHLDA3 expression was increased in myocardial tissue from rats with myocardial I/R injury and rat cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. PHLDA3 knockdown protected against myocardial I/R injury in vivo and H/R injury in vitro. Inhibition of PHLDA3 increased the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) associated with regulation of the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) axis. Repression of Nrf2 reversed PHLDA3-inhibition-mediated cardioprotective effects. Taken together, our work demonstrates that PHLDA3 inhibition exerts a protective role in myocardial I/R injury via regulation of the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 axis. We suggest PHLDA3 as an attractive target for developing treatments against myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Bu X, Qu X, Guo K, Meng X, Yang X, Huang Q, Dou W, Feng L, Wei X, Gao J, Sun W, Chao M, Han L, Hu Y, Shen L, Zhang J, Wang L. CD147 confers temozolomide resistance of glioma cells via the regulation of β-TrCP/Nrf2 pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3013-3023. [PMID: 34421346 PMCID: PMC8375226 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug resistance is one of the biggest challenges in cancer therapy. temozolomide (TMZ) represents the most important chemotherapeutic option for glioma treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ remains very limited due to its frequent resistance in glioma, and the underlying mechanisms were not fully addressed. Herein, we demonstrate that the elevated expression of CD147 contributes to TMZ resistance in glioma cells, potentially through the post-translational regulation of Nrf2 expression. Methods: Cell-based assays of CD147 triggered drug resistance were performed through Edu-incorporation assay, CCK8 assay, TUNEL staining assay and flow cytometric assay. Luciferase reporter assay, protein stability related assays, co-immunoprecipitation assay were used to determine CD147 induction of Nrf2 expression through β-TrCP dependent ubiquitin system. Finally, the effect of the CD147/Nrf2 signaling on glioma progression and TMZ resistance were evaluated by functional experiments and clinical samples. Results: Based on the analysis of clinical glioma tissues, CD147 is highly expressed in glioma tissues and positively associated with tumor malignancy. Suppression of CD147 expression increased the inhibitory effect of TMZ on cell survival in both U251 and T98G cells, whereas the gain of CD147 function blocked TMZ-induced ROS production and cell death. Mechanistic study indicates that CD147 inhibited GSK3β/β-TrCP-dependent Nrf2 degradation by promoting Akt activation, and subsequently increased Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant gene expressions. Supporting the biological significance, the reciprocal relationship between CD147 and Nrf2 was observed in glioma tissues, and associated with patient outcome. Conclusions: Our data provide the first evidence that glioma resistance to TMZ is potentially due to the activation of CD147/Nrf2 axis. CD147 promotes Nrf2 stability through the suppression of GSK3β/β-TrCP dependent Nrf2 protein degradation, which results in the ablation of TMZ induced ROS production. As such, we point out that targeting CD147/Nrf2 axis may provide a new strategy for the treatment of TMZ resistant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xuan Qu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiangliang Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,JingKai NO. 3 Middle School, Xi'an, 710200, China
| | - Qike Huang
- The 3rd Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Xinxin Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Jiwei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Anorectal, the General Hospital of PLA Tibet Military Area Command, Lhasa, 850007, China
| | - Min Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Liying Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
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21
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Sander WJ, Fourie C, Sabiu S, O'Neill FH, Pohl CH, O'Neill HG. Reactive oxygen species as potential antiviral targets. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2240. [PMID: 33949029 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cellular metabolism and can be either beneficial, at low levels, or deleterious, at high levels, to the cell. It is known that several viral infections can increase oxidative stress, which is mainly facilitated by viral-induced imbalances in the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the cell. While the exact role of ROS in certain viral infections (adenovirus and dengue virus) remains unknown, other viruses can use ROS for enhancement of pathogenesis (SARS coronavirus and rabies virus) or replication (rhinovirus, West Nile virus and vesicular stomatitis virus) or both (hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus). While several viral proteins (mainly for hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus) have been identified to play a role in ROS formation, most mediators of viral ROS modulation are yet to be elucidated. Treatment of viral infections, including hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus, with ROS inhibitors has shown a decrease in both pathogenesis and viral replication both in vitro and in animal models. Clinical studies indicating the potential for targeting ROS-producing pathways as possible broad-spectrum antiviral targets should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J Sander
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Corinne Fourie
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Frans H O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Hester G O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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22
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Zhang S, Jiang X, Wang Y, Lin K, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhu P, Ng ML, Qu S, Sze SCW, Yung KKL. Protective Effect of An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan Pre-treatment Against Experimental Cerebral Ischemia Injury via Regulating GSK-3β/HO-1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640297. [PMID: 33935731 PMCID: PMC8085595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNHW), a famous formula in traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically used for centuries for treating cerebral diseases, but the protective effects of pre-treatment with AGNHW on cerebral ischemia have not yet been reported. The present study aimed to test such protective effects and elucidate the underlying mechanisms on cerebral ischemia in rats by phenotypic approaches (i.e. including the neurological functional score, cerebral infarct area, neuron apoptosis, and brain oxidative stress status) and target-based approaches (i.e. involving the GSK-3β/HO-1 pathway). AGNHW was administered orally at the doses of 386.26, 772.52, and 1545.04 mg/kg respectively for 7 days to male Sprague-Dawley rats and then cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h. Pre-treatment with AGNHW significantly ameliorated ischemic damage to the brain in a dose-dependent manner, including reduction of the neurological deficit score and infarct area. AGNHW pre-treatment increased the number of Nissl+ cells, NeuN+ and DCX+ cells, and decreased the number of Tunel+ cells. Moreover, AGNHW reversed the up-regulation of ROS and MDA induced by cerebral ischemia. AGNHW pre-treatment increased the expression of p-GSK-3β(Ser9)/GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) ratio and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results firstly revealed that short-term pre-treatment of AGNHW could significantly protect the rats from injury caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, which support further clinical studies for disease prevention. The in vivo protective effect of AGNWH pre-treatment could be associated with its antioxidant properties by the activation of GSK-3β-mediated HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Peili Zhu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Man Ling Ng
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
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23
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Mirzaei S, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Azami N, Hamzehlou S, Farahani MV, Hushmandi K, Ashrafizadeh M, Khan H, Kumar AP. Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Chemoprotection and Doxorubicin Resistance: Potential Application in Drug Discovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030349. [PMID: 33652780 PMCID: PMC7996755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is extensively applied in cancer therapy due to its efficacy in suppressing cancer progression and inducing apoptosis. After its discovery, this chemotherapeutic agent has been frequently used for cancer therapy, leading to chemoresistance. Due to dose-dependent toxicity, high concentrations of DOX cannot be administered to cancer patients. Therefore, experiments have been directed towards revealing underlying mechanisms responsible for DOX resistance and ameliorating its adverse effects. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling is activated to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells to protect them against oxidative stress. It has been reported that Nrf2 activation is associated with drug resistance. In cells exposed to DOX, stimulation of Nrf2 signaling protects cells against cell death. Various upstream mediators regulate Nrf2 in DOX resistance. Strategies, both pharmacological and genetic interventions, have been applied for reversing DOX resistance. However, Nrf2 induction is of importance for alleviating side effects of DOX. Pharmacological agents with naturally occurring compounds as the most common have been used for inducing Nrf2 signaling in DOX amelioration. Furthermore, signaling networks in which Nrf2 is a key player for protection against DOX adverse effects have been revealed and are discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; (A.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Negar Azami
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Soodeh Hamzehlou
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Mahdi Vasheghani Farahani
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; (A.Z.); (M.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Chu JYK, Ou JHJ. Autophagy in HCV Replication and Protein Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031089. [PMID: 33499186 PMCID: PMC7865906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process that is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is also known to possess other functions including protein trafficking and anti-microbial activities. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to co-opt cellular autophagy pathway to promote its own replication. HCV regulates autophagy through multiple mechanisms to control intracellular protein and membrane trafficking to enhance its replication and suppress host innate immune response. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the interplay between HCV and autophagy and the crosstalk between HCV-induced autophagy and host innate immune responses.
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25
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The Inflammasome Components NLRP3 and ASC Act in Concert with IRGM To Rearrange the Golgi Apparatus during Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00826-20. [PMID: 33208442 PMCID: PMC7925091 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00826-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogens can affect cellular homeostasis and organelle dynamics. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers Golgi fragmentation through the immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM), a resident Golgi protein, to enhance its lipid supply for replication. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection triggers Golgi fragmentation through the Golgi-resident protein immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM). Here, we report the roles of NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) and ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain [CARD]), two inflammasome components, in the initial events leading to this fragmentation. We show that ASC resides at the Golgi with IRGM at homeostasis. Upon infection, ASC dissociates from both IRGM and the Golgi and associates with HCV-induced NLRP3. NLRP3 silencing inhibits Golgi fragmentation. ASC silencing disrupts the Golgi structure in both control and infected cells and reduces the localization of IRGM at the Golgi. IRGM depletion in the ASC-silenced cells cannot totally restore the Golgi structure. These data highlight a role for ASC, upstream of the formation of the inflammasome, in regulating IRGM through its control on the Golgi. A similar mechanism occurs in response to nigericin treatment, but not in cells infected with another member of the Flaviviridae family, Zika virus (ZIKV). We propose a model for a newly ascribed function of the inflammasome components in Golgi structural remodeling during certain stimuli. IMPORTANCE Numerous pathogens can affect cellular homeostasis and organelle dynamics. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers Golgi fragmentation through the immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM), a resident Golgi protein, to enhance its lipid supply for replication. Here, we reveal the role of the inflammasome components NLRP3 and ASC in this process, thus uncovering a new interplay between effectors of inflammation and viral infection or stress. We show that the inflammasome component ASC resides at the Golgi under homeostasis and associates with IRGM. Upon HCV infection, ASC is recruited to NLRP3 and dissociates from IRGM, causing Golgi fragmentation. Our results uncover that aside from their known function in the inflammation response, these host defense regulators also ensure the maintenance of intact intracellular structure in homeostasis, while their activation relieves factors leading to Golgi remodeling.
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26
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Liu D, Zeng X, Li L, Ou ZL. Carnitine promotes recovery from oxidative stress and extends lifespan in C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:813-830. [PMID: 33290254 PMCID: PMC7835055 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine is required for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. Carnitine has been used as an energy supplement but the roles in improving health and delaying aging remain unclear. Here we show in C. elegans that L-carnitine improves recovery from oxidative stress and extends lifespan. L-carnitine promotes recovery from oxidative stress induced by paraquat or juglone and improves mobility and survival in response to H2O2 and human amyloid (Aβ) toxicity. L-carnitine also alleviates the oxidative stress during aging, resulting in moderate but significant lifespan extension, which was dependent on SKN-1 and DAF-16. Long-lived worms with germline loss (glp-1) or reduced insulin receptor activity (daf-2) recover from aging-associated oxidative stress faster than wild-type controls and their long lifespans were not further increased by L-carnitine. A new gene, T08B1.1, aligned to a known carnitine transporter OCTN1 in humans, is required for L-carnitine uptake in C. elegans. T08B1.1 expression is elevated in daf-2 and glp-1 mutants and its knockdown prevents L-carnitine from improving oxidative stress recovery and prolonging lifespan. Together, our study suggests an important role of L-carnitine in oxidative stress recovery that might be important for healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Yuantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Ou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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27
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Lavu N, Richardson L, Radnaa E, Kechichian T, Urrabaz-Garza R, Sheller-Miller S, Bonney E, Menon R. Oxidative stress-induced downregulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in fetal membranes promotes cellular senescence†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:1018-1030. [PMID: 31292604 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress (OS)-induced stress signaler p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activation and fetal membrane senescence are associated with parturition. This study determined changes in glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and its regulation by p38MAPK in effecting senescence to further delineate the molecular mechanism involved in senescence. METHODS Primary human amnion epithelial cells and amnion mesenchymal cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE, OS inducer). Expression of total and phosphorylated GSK3β and p38MAPK, and that of GSK3β's downstream targets: beta-catenin (β-Cat) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (western blot analysis), cell cycle regulation and senescence (flow cytometry) were determined. The specificity of GSK3β and p38MAPK's mechanistic role was tested by co-treating cells with their respective inhibitors, CHIR99021 and SB203580. Exosomal secretion of β-Cat from OS-induced cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and western blot. RESULTS OS induced by CSE resulted in phosphorylation of GSK3β (inactivation) and p38MAPK (activation) that was associated with cell cycle arrest and senescence. Inhibitors to GSK3β and p38MAPK verified their roles. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inactivation was associated with nuclear translocation of antioxidant Nrf2 and exosomal secretion of β-Cat. CONCLUSIONS OS-induced P-p38MAPK activation is associated with functional downregulation of GSK3β and arrest of cell cycle progression and senescence of amnion cells. Lack of nuclear translocation of β-Cat and its excretion via exosomes further supports the postulation that GSK3β down-regulation by p38MAPK may stop cell proliferation preceding cell senescence. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms of senescence will help develop therapeutic strategies to prevent preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmada Lavu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Talar Kechichian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Rana AK, Rahmatkar SN, Kumar A, Singh D. Glycogen synthase kinase-3: A putative target to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 58:92-101. [PMID: 32948440 PMCID: PMC7446622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had turned out to be highly pathogenic and transmittable. Researchers throughout the globe are still struggling to understand this strain's aggressiveness in search of putative therapies for its control. Crosstalk between oxidative stress and systemic inflammation seems to support the progression of the infection. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (Gsk-3) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that mainly participates in cell proliferation, development, stress, and inflammation in humans. Nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is an important structural protein responsible for viral replication and interferes with the host defence mechanism by the help of Gsk-3 protein. The viral infected cells show activated Gsk-3 protein that degrades the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) protein, resulting in excessive oxidative stress. Activated Gsk-3 also modulates CREB-DNA activity, phosphorylates NF-κB, and degrades β-catenin, thus provokes systemic inflammation. Interaction between these two pathophysiological events, oxidative stress, and inflammation enhance mucous secretion, coagulation cascade, and hypoxia, which ultimately leads to multiple organs failure, resulting in the death of the infected patient. The present review aims to highlight the pathogenic role of Gsk-3 in viral replication, initiation of oxidative stress, and inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The review also summarizes the potential Gsk-3 pathway modulators as putative therapeutic interventions in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shubham Nilkanth Rahmatkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Regulation of GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway modulated erastin-induced ferroptosis in breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 473:217-228. [PMID: 32642794 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death and characterized by an iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferroptosis may exhibit a novel spectrum of clinical activity for cancer therapy. However, the significance of ferroptosis in the context of carcinoma biology is still emerging. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been found to be a fundamental element in weaking antioxidant cell defense by adjusting the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In our study, decreased expression of GSK-3β was observed in the cancer tissues of breast cancer patients, results of immunohistochemistry indicated that Nrf2 was highly expressed in low-GSK-3β-expressed breast cancer tissues. The contributions of aberrant expression of GSK-3β and Nrf2 to the erastin-induced ferroptosis in breast cancer were further assessed, silence of GSK-3β blocked erastin-induced ferroptosis with less production of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) via upregulation of GPX4 and downregulation of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15), overexpression of GSK-3β enhanced erastin-triggered ferroptosis with elevated ROS and MDA. Enhanced erastin-induced ferroptosis by overexpression of GSK-3β was blocked by activating Nrf2. We further confirmed that overexpression of GSK-3β strengthened erastin-induced tumor growth inhibition in breast cancer xenograft models in vivo. In summary, our findings conclude that modulation the balance between GSK-3β/Nrf2 is a promising therapeutic approach and probably will be important targets to enhance the effect of erastin-induced ferroptosis in breast cancer.
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30
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Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Azzolina A, Montalto G, McCubrey JA, Cervello M. GSK-3 in liver diseases: Friend or foe? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118743. [PMID: 32417256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases, including hepatitis due to hepatitis B or C virus infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma pose major challenges for overall health due to limited curative treatment options. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. A better understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases can help to improve the efficacy of emerging therapies, mainly based on pharmacological approaches, which influence one or more specific molecules involved in key signal transduction pathways. These emerging therapies are very promising for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. One promising druggable molecular target is the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). In this review, we discuss conditions in which GSK-3 is implicated in liver diseases. In addition, we explore newly emerging drugs that target GSK-3β, as well as their potential use in and impact on the management of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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Melanocortin therapy ameliorates podocytopathy and proteinuria in experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis involving a podocyte specific non-MC1R-mediated melanocortinergic signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:695-710. [PMID: 32167144 PMCID: PMC9870294 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The clinical effectiveness of adrenocorticotropin in inducing remission of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome points to a steroidogenic-independent anti-proteinuric activity of melanocortins. However, which melanocortin receptors (MCR) convey this beneficial effect and if systemic or podocyte-specific mechanisms are involved remain uncertain. In vivo, wild-type (WT) mice developed heavy proteinuria and kidney dysfunction following Adriamycin insult, concomitant with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and podocytopathy, marked by loss of podocin and synaptopodin, podocytopenia and extensive foot process effacement on electron microscopy. All these pathologic findings were prominently attenuated by NDP-MSH, a potent non-steroidogenic pan-MCR agonist. Surprisingly, MC1R deficiency in MC1R-null mice barely affected the severity of Adriamycin-elicited injury. Moreover, the beneficial effect of NDP-MSH was completely preserved in MC1R-null mice, suggesting that MC1R is likely non-essential for the protective action. A direct podocyte effect seems to contribute to the beneficial effect of NDP-MSH, because Adriamycin-inflicted cytopathic signs in primary podocytes prepared from WT mice were all mitigated by NDP-MSH, including apoptosis, loss of podocyte markers, de novo expression of the podocyte injury marker desmin, actin cytoskeleton derangement and podocyte hypermotility. Consistent with in vivo findings, the podoprotective activity of NDP-MSH was fully preserved in MC1R-null podocytes. Mechanistically, MC1R expression was predominantly distributed to glomerular endothelial cells in glomeruli but negligibly noted in podocytes in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that MC1R signaling is unlikely involved in direct podocyte protection. Ergo, melanocortin therapy protects against podocyte injury and ameliorates proteinuria and glomerulopathy in experimental FSGS, at least in part, via a podocyte-specific non-MC1R-mediated melanocortinergic signaling.
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Medić B, Stojanović M, Stimec BV, Divac N, Vujović KS, Stojanović R, Čolović M, Krstić D, Prostran M. Lithium - Pharmacological and Toxicological Aspects: The Current State of the Art. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:337-351. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180904124733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
:
Lithium is the smallest monovalent cation with many different biological effects.
Although lithium is present in the pharmacotherapy of psychiatric illnesses for decades, its
precise mechanism of action is still not clarified. Today lithium represents first-line therapy
for bipolar disorders (because it possesses both antimanic and antidepressant properties) and
the adjunctive treatment for major depression (due to its antisuicidal effects). Beside, lithium
showed some protective effects in neurological diseases including acute neural injury, chronic
degenerative conditions, Alzheimer's disease as well as in treating leucopenia, hepatitis and
some renal diseases. Recent evidence suggested that lithium also possesses some anticancer
properties due to its inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) which is included
in the regulation of a lot of important cellular processes such as: glycogen metabolism,
inflammation, immunomodulation, apoptosis, tissue injury, regeneration etc.
:
Although recent evidence suggested a potential utility of lithium in different conditions, its
broader use in clinical practice still trails. The reason for this is a narrow therapeutic index of
lithium, numerous toxic effects in various organ systems and some clinically relevant interactions
with other drugs. Additionally, it is necessary to perform more preclinical as well as
clinical studies in order to a precise therapeutic range of lithium, as well as its detailed
mechanism of action. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge concerning
the pharmacological and toxicological effects of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Medić
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan V. Stimec
- Anatomy Sector, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nevena Divac
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Savić Vujović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radan Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Čolović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, “Vinca“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Krstić
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prostran
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ciotti S, Iuliano L, Cefalù S, Comelli M, Mavelli I, Di Giorgio E, Brancolini C. GSK3β is a key regulator of the ROS-dependent necrotic death induced by the quinone DMNQ. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 31919413 PMCID: PMC6952365 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways controlling necrosis are still mysterious and debated. We applied a shRNA-based viability screen to identify critical elements of the necrotic response. We took advantage from a small molecule (G5) that makes covalent adducts with free thiols by Michael addition and elicits multiple stresses. In cells resistant to apoptosis, G5 triggers necrosis through the induction of protein unfolding, glutathione depletion, ER stress, proteasomal impairments, and cytoskeletal stress. The kinase GSK3β was isolated among the top hits of the screening. Using the quinone DMNQ, a ROS generator, we demonstrate that GSK3β is involved in the regulation of ROS-dependent necrosis. Our results have been validated using siRNA and by knocking-out GSK3β with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In response to DMNQ GSK3β is activated by serine 9 dephosphorylation, concomitantly to Akt inactivation. During the quinone-induced pro-necrotic stress, GSK3β gradually accumulates into the nucleus, before the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Accumulation of ROS in response to DMNQ is impaired by the absence of GSK3β. We provide evidence that the activities of the obligatory two-electrons reducing flavoenzymes, NQO1 (NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1) and NQO2 are required to suppress DMNQ-induced necrosis. In the absence of GSK3β the expression of NQO1 and NQO2 is dramatically increased, possibly because of an increased transcriptional activity of NRF2. In summary, GSK3β by blunting the anti-oxidant response and particularly NQO1 and NQO2 expression, favors the appearance of necrosis in response to ROS, as generated by the quinone DMNQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ciotti
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Iuliano
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cefalù
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Comelli
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Irene Mavelli
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Virzì A, Roca Suarez AA, Baumert TF, Lupberger J. Rewiring Host Signaling: Hepatitis C Virus in Liver Pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037366. [PMID: 31501266 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease including metabolic disease, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV induces and promotes liver disease progression by perturbing a range of survival, proliferative, and metabolic pathways within the proinflammatory cellular microenvironment. The recent breakthrough in antiviral therapy using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) can cure >90% of HCV patients. However, viral cure cannot fully eliminate the HCC risk, especially in patients with advanced liver disease or comorbidities. HCV induces an epigenetic viral footprint that promotes a pro-oncogenic hepatic signature, which persists after DAA cure. In this review, we summarize the main signaling pathways deregulated by HCV infection, with potential impact on liver pathogenesis. HCV-induced persistent signaling patterns may serve as biomarkers for the stratification of HCV-cured patients at high risk of developing HCC. Moreover, these signaling pathways are potential targets for novel chemopreventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Virzì
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Armando Andres Roca Suarez
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Neuroprotective effects of protocatechuic aldehyde through PLK2/p-GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway in both in vivo and in vitro models of Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9424-9441. [PMID: 31697645 PMCID: PMC6874433 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage are closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The pharmacological mechanism of protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) for PD treatment have retained unclear. The purposes of the present study were to clarify the neuroprotective effects of post-treatment of PCA for PD treatment by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage, and to further determine whether its effects were mediated by the polo-like kinase 2/phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 β/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (PLK2/p-GSK3β/Nrf2) pathways. We found that PCA improved 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced behavioral deficits and dopaminergic cell loss. Moreover, PCA increased the expressions of PLK2, p-GSK3β and Nrf2, following the decrease of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Cell viability was increased and the apoptosis rate was reduced by PCA in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+)-incubated cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial complex I activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in MPP+-incubated cells were also ameliorated by treatment with PCA. The neuroprotective effects of PCA were abolished by inhibition or knockdown of PLK2, whereas overexpression of PLK2 strengthened the protection of PCA. Furthermore, GSK3β and Nrf2 were involved in PCA-induced protection. These results indicated that PCA has therapeutic effects on PD by the PLK2/p-GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway.
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Bender D, Hildt E. Effect of Hepatitis Viruses on the Nrf2/Keap1-Signaling Pathway and Its Impact on Viral Replication and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184659. [PMID: 31546975 PMCID: PMC6769940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With respect to their genome and their structure, the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are complete different viruses. However, both viruses can cause an acute and chronic infection of the liver that is associated with liver inflammation (hepatitis). For both viruses chronic infection can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. In light of this, this review summarizes the impact of both viruses on ROS-generating and ROS-inactivating mechanisms. The focus is on the effect of both viruses on the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2). By binding to its target sequence, the antioxidant response element (ARE), Nrf2 triggers the expression of a variety of cytoprotective genes including ROS-detoxifying enzymes. The review summarizes the literature about the pathways for the modulation of Nrf2 that are deregulated by HBV and HCV and describes the impact of Nrf2 deregulation on the viral life cycle of the respective viruses and the virus-associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bender
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straβe 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straβe 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
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Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Is Regulated by Cysteine S-Glutathionylation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3196140. [PMID: 31687077 PMCID: PMC6800943 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3196140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and affects expression of genes encoding ROS-scavenging enzymes. Multiple lines of evidence show that levels of ROS production contribute to the development of various virus-associated pathologies. However, investigation of HCV redox biology so far remained in the paradigm of oxidative stress, whereas no attention was given to the identification of redox switches among viral proteins. Here, we report that one of such redox switches is the NS5B protein that exhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. Treatment of the recombinant protein with reducing agents significantly increases its enzymatic activity. Moreover, we show that the NS5B protein is subjected to S-glutathionylation that affects cysteine residues 89, 140, 170, 223, 274, 521, and either 279 or 295. Substitution of these cysteines except C89 and C223 with serine residues led to the reduction of the RdRp activity of the recombinant protein in a primer-dependent assay. The recombinant protein with a C279S mutation was almost inactive in vitro and could not be activated with reducing agents. In contrast, cysteine substitutions in the NS5B region in the context of a subgenomic replicon displayed opposite effects: most of the mutations enhanced HCV replication. This difference may be explained by the deleterious effect of oxidation of NS5B cysteine residues in liver cells and by the protective role of S-glutathionylation. Based on these data, redox-sensitive posttranslational modifications of HCV NS5B and other proteins merit a more detailed investigation and analysis of their role(s) in the virus life cycle and associated pathogenesis.
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Jiao C, Duan Y. The Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Gibberellic Acid-Induced Chilling Tolerance and Defense Response in Postharvest Peach Fruit. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Flaviviridae Viruses and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Viral Pathogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1409582. [PMID: 31531178 PMCID: PMC6720866 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1409582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is induced once the balance of generation and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is broken in the cell, and it plays crucial roles in a variety of natural and diseased processes. Infections of Flaviviridae viruses trigger oxidative stress, which affects both the cellular metabolism and the life cycle of the viruses. Oxidative stress associated with specific viral proteins, experimental culture systems, and patient infections, as well as its correlations with the viral pathogenesis attracts much research attention. In this review, we primarily focus on hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) as representatives of Flaviviridae viruses and we summarize the mechanisms involved in the relevance of oxidative stress for virus-associated pathogenesis. We discuss the current understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by Flaviviridae viruses and highlight the relevance of autophagy and DNA damage in the life cycle of viruses. Understanding the crosstalk between viral infection and oxidative stress-induced molecular events may offer new avenues for antiviral therapeutics.
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40
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Triptolide induces oxidative damage in NRK-52E cells through facilitating Nrf2 degradation by ubiquitination via the GSK-3β/Fyn pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 58:187-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Niringiyumukiza JD, Cai H, Chen L, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang M, Xu X, Xiang W. Protective properties of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition against doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage to mouse ovarian reserve. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Che J, Yang S, Qiao Z, Li H, Sun J, Zhuang W, Chen J, Wang C. Schisandra chinensis acidic polysaccharide partialy reverses acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:248-254. [PMID: 31400930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis is a hepatoprotective herb that has been used for centuries in China. Polysaccharide is one of the major active components in S. chinensis, which has been reported to improve liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, or high-fat diet. In this study, we observed the effects and corresponding mechanisms of the secondary component of Schisandra polysaccharide (acidic polysaccharide, SCAP) on a murine model of severe acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP). SCAP significantly decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferas (AST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels, and was found to alleviate hepatic pathological alterations in the mouse model. Meanwhile, SCAP revealed a protective effects on the liver injury-related enzymes and factors, such as significantly diminished malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione (GSH) depletion, reduced ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax)/Bcl-2, prohibited cleaved caspase-3 expression, and elevated the expression of p-AMPK, p-Akt, p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK 3β), nuclear factor erythroid 2-derived-like 2 (Nrf 2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins in the liver tissues of the mouse model. In conclusion, we speculated that the protective activities of SCAP on the APAP-induced mouse model of acute liver injury might be related to its antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Che
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Zijing Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Wenyue Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132002, China
| | - Jianguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China.
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Lu M, Wang P, Qiao Y, Jiang C, Ge Y, Flickinger B, Malhotra DK, Dworkin LD, Liu Z, Gong R. GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 antioxidant response: A molecular rheostat of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101275. [PMID: 31349118 PMCID: PMC6669347 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an important cause of kidney failure. However, how AKI is transformed into CKD remains elusive. Following folic acid injury, mice developed AKI with ensuing CKD transition, featured by variable degrees of interstitial fibrosis and tubular cell atrophy and growth arrest. This lingering injury of renal tubules was associated with sustained oxidative stress that was concomitant with an impaired Nrf2 antioxidant defense, marked by mitigated Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and blunted induction of its target antioxidant enzymes, like heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Activation of the canonical Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, nevertheless, seems intact during CKD transition because Nrf2 in injured tubules remained activated and elevated in cytoplasm. Moreover, oxidative thiol modification and activation of Keap1, the cytoplasmic repressor of Nrf2, was barely associated with CKD transition. In contrast, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, a key modulator of the Keap1-independent Nrf2 regulation, was persistently overexpressed and hyperactive in injured tubules. Likewise, in patients who developed CKD following AKI due to diverse etiologies, like volume depletion and exposure to radiocontrast agents or aristolochic acid, sustained GSK3β overexpression was evident in renal tubules and coincided with oxidative damages, impaired Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and mitigated induction of antioxidant gene expression. Mechanistically, the Nrf2 response against oxidative insult was sabotaged in renal tubular cells expressing a constitutively active mutant of GSK3β, but reinforced by ectopic expression of dominant negative GSK3β in a Keap1-independent manner. In vivo in folic acid-injured mice, targeting GSK3β in renal tubules via conditional knockout or by weekly microdose lithium treatment reinstated Nrf2 antioxidant response in the kidney and hindered AKI to CKD transition. Ergo, our findings suggest that GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 may serve as an actionable therapeutic target for modifying the long-term sequelae of AKI. AKI to CKD transition involves sustained GSK3β overactivation and impaired Nrf2 response in injured renal tubules. Microdose lithium rectifies GSK3β overactivity in the kidney, reinstates Nrf2 response and hinders AKI to CKD transition. GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 is a novel therapeutic target for modifying long-term sequelae of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | | | - Deepak K Malhotra
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States.
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Tolvaptan activates the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway through PERK phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9245. [PMID: 31239473 PMCID: PMC6592894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolvaptan, a vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist initially developed to increase free-water diuresis, has been approved for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in multiple countries. Furthermore, tolvaptan has been shown to improve the renal functions in rodent models of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. CKD is characterized by increased levels of oxidative stress, and an antioxidant transcription factor—nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)—has been gaining attention as a therapeutic target. Therefore, we investigated the effects of tolvaptan and a well-known Nrf2 activator, bardoxolone methyl (BARD) on Nrf2. To determine the role of tolvaptan, we used a renal cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) cell line and mouse kidneys. Tolvaptan activated Nrf2 and increased mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mpkCCD cells and the outer medulla of mouse kidneys. In contrast to BARD, tolvaptan regulated the antioxidant systems via a unique mechanism. Tolvaptan activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway through phosphorylation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). As a result, tolvaptan and BARD could successfully generate synergistic activating effects on Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, suggesting that this combination therapy can contribute to the treatment of CKD.
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Ooi BK, Chan KG, Goh BH, Yap WH. The Role of Natural Products in Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases via Nrf2 Pathway: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1308. [PMID: 30498447 PMCID: PMC6249275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are closely linked to cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. This may be resulted from the imbalance generation of reactive oxygen species and its role in promoting inflammation, thereby contributing to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a significant role in regulating expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes in response to oxidative stress. Natural products have emerged as a potential source of bioactive compounds which have shown to protect against atherogenesis development by activating Nrf2 signaling. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the published data on the function, regulation and activation of Nrf2 as well as the molecular mechanisms of natural products in regulating Nrf2 signaling. The beneficial effects of using natural bioactive compounds as a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of CVDs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Kee Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes, Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Lu M, Wang P, Ge Y, Dworkin L, Brem A, Liu Z, Gong R. Activation of mineralocorticoid receptor by ecdysone, an adaptogenic and anabolic ecdysteroid, promotes glomerular injury and proteinuria involving overactive GSK3β pathway signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12225. [PMID: 30111886 PMCID: PMC6093907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecdysone is an arthropod molting hormone and has been marketed as a non-androgenic natural anabolic and adaptogen. However, the safety profile of ecdysone is largely undetermined. After ecdysone treatment for 2 weeks, mice developed albuminuria with histologic signs of glomerular injury, including hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, mild glomerulosclerosis and podocyte injury. A direct glomerulopathic activity of ecdysone seems to contribute, since addition of ecdysone to cultured glomerular cells induced cytopathic changes, including apoptosis, activation of mesangial cells, podocyte shape changes and a decreased expression of podocyte markers. To explore the molecular target responsible for the pathogenic actions, we employed an in silico modeling system of compound-protein interaction and identified mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) as one of the top-ranking proteins with putative interactions with ecdysone. The molecular structure of ecdysone was highly homologous to mineralocorticoids, like aldosterone. Moreover, ecdysone was capable of both inducing and activating MR, as evidenced by MR nuclear accumulation in glomerular cells both in vitro and in vivo following ecdysone treatment. Mechanistically, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β, which has been recently implicated in pathogenesis of glomerular injury and proteinuria, was hyperactivated in glomeruli in ecdysone-treated mice, concomitant with diverse glomerulopathic changes. In contrast, spironolactone, a selective blockade of MR, largely abolished the cytopathic effect of ecdysone in vitro and attenuated albuminuria and glomerular lesions in ecdysone treated mice, associated with a mitigated GSK3β overactivity in glomeruli. Altogether, ecdysone seems able to activate MR and thereby promote glomerular injury and proteinuria involving overactive GSK3β pathway signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Andrew Brem
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Rujun Gong
- Institute of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States.
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Oxidative stress, a trigger of hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3895-3932. [PMID: 27965466 PMCID: PMC5354803 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virally induced liver cancer usually evolves over long periods of time in the context of a strongly oxidative microenvironment, characterized by chronic liver inflammation and regeneration processes. They ultimately lead to oncogenic mutations in many cellular signaling cascades that drive cell growth and proliferation. Oxidative stress, induced by hepatitis viruses, therefore is one of the factors that drives the neoplastic transformation process in the liver. This review summarizes current knowledge on oxidative stress and oxidative stress responses induced by human hepatitis B and C viruses. It focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which these viruses activate cellular enzymes/systems that generate or scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control cellular redox homeostasis. The impact of an altered cellular redox homeostasis on the initiation and establishment of chronic viral infection, as well as on the course and outcome of liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis will be discussed The review neither discusses reactive nitrogen species, although their metabolism is interferes with that of ROS, nor antioxidants as potential therapeutic remedies against viral infections, both subjects meriting an independent review.
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Teng Y, Zhao H, Gao L, Zhang W, Shull AY, Shay C. FGF19 Protects Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Activation of FGFR4-GSK3β-Nrf2 Signaling. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6215-6225. [PMID: 28951455 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in tumor cells, an event that can promote progression, but it is unknown how tumor cells adapt to this stress. In this study, we show that the fibroblast growth factor FGF19, a gene frequently amplified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), facilitates a survival response to ER stress. Levels of FGF19 expression were increased in stressed HCC cells in culture and in a mouse xenograft model. Induction of ER stress required the transcription factor ATF4, which directly bound the FGF19 promoter. In cells where ER stress was induced, FGF19 overexpression promoted HCC cell survival and increased resistance to apoptosis, whereas FGF19 silencing counteracted these effects. Mechanistic investigations implicated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in regulating nuclear accumulation of the stress-regulated transcription factor Nrf2 activated by FGF19. Our findings show how FGF19 provides a cytoprotective role against ER stress by activating a FGFR4-GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling cascade, with implications for targeting this signaling node as a candidate therapeutic regimen for HCC management. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6215-25. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Huakan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Wenfa Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Austin Y Shull
- Department of Biology, Presbyterian College, Clinton, South Carolina
| | - Chloe Shay
- Emory Children's Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Salidroside protects rat liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating the GSK-3β/Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and mitochondrial permeability transition. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 806:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jung E, Kim JH, Kim MO, Lee SY, Lee J. Melanocyte-protective effect of afzelin is mediated by the Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway via GSK-3β inactivation. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:764-770. [PMID: 27992083 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired condition characterized by depigmented, cutaneous lesions that result from the death of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes. The occurrence of oxidative stress has been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism for melanocyte degeneration in vitiligo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against oxidative stress and its mechanism of action in human epidermal melanocytes. We found that afzelin significantly inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death, cellular reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation in melanocytes. In an antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter assay, afzelin increased ARE-luciferase reporter activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, the expression of antioxidant genes, including NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and catalase, was enhanced by afzelin treatment. Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 also increased in response to afzelin treatment. In addition, the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) was induced by afzelin treatment. The enhancement of HO-1 gene expression by afzelin treatment was reduced by Nrf2-siRNA expression. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Nrf2-siRNA significantly attenuated the cytoprotective effect of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide. These data suggest that the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide may be mediated by Nrf2-ARE signalling via GSK-3β inactivation. Our data suggest the novel use of afzelin for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced damage in melanocytes and its potential as a therapeutic agent for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- College of Herbal Bio-Industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan City, Gyeongsangbuk Do, Korea
| | - Mi Ok Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
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